6082 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ---- HOUSE March 25, 1965

E X T E N S I 0 N S 0 F R E M A. R K S

Edward Keating would take most pride, is the great num­ veterans who fought to save the liberties ber of families that enjoy better homes, and civil rights of everyone in this great, democratic Nation. EXTENSION OF REMARKS education, and medical care. His death "We want no police state tactics here. We QF is a great loss to the people of his State want no storm troopers, no Russian cos­ and his country, whom he served so sacks beating helpless people, white or black, HON. ROY H. McVICKER nobly. whatever their color because they dare to OF COLORADO stand up for voting rights, or other civll rights that are and must continue to be the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Disabled Veterans and Civil Rights birthright of every American. Thursday, March 25, 1965 "There can be no compromise on this is­ sue. Congress has provided the law, and will Mr. McVICKER. Mr. Speaker, last EXTENSION OF REMARKS continue to supplement it in every way nec­ Friday the people of Colorado and the OF essary. But it is up to the executive depart­ people of this Nation lost a c·ourageous ment and the enforcement officials of this and able leader. Edward Keating, a HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN great Government to enforce the law, to pro­ former Member of the House of Repre­ OF :MASSACHUSET!'S tect the people in their right to assemble, to speak, to protect, and to vote, and to be sentatives who served with great dis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tinction, was a man of purpose and vision treated as equals under the law. Thursday, March 25, 1965 "If these precious things cannot be se­ whose efforts on behalf of the labor cured in America to all people, then we shall movement brought forth a series of ac­ Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, under be untrue to our own heritage of free­ complishments that will stand as a mon­ unanimous consent, I include herein a dom, and we will become the laughingstock ument to his great generosity and spirit press synopsis of a speech I recently de­ of the world. of justice. He possessed wisdom and in­ livered before the Disabled American "There can be no delay, equivocation or sight which led to his understanding of Veterans at Southbridge, Mass., in my compromise. I hope and pray this issue can the free enterprise system and the course district, with reference to the closing of be settled promptly and effectively in an or­ it would take in history, and his was the the Rutland, Mass., VA Hospital and the derly way under the law without further bloodshed and trouble. At all costs it must sense of perspective which enabled him moot deplorable events at Selma, Ala.: be settled if it takes the armed strength to recognize the · role that labor would DISABLED VETERANS AND CIVIL RIGHTS of this Government to do the job. Amer­ take in American enterprise. Before the Disabled American Veterans at ican freedom and justice must be guaran­ Edward Keating was born in Kansas on Southbridge Sunday, Congressman PHILIP J. ·teed to all." July 9, 1875, the youngest of nine chil­ PHILBIN made a dual attack on the proposed dren of Stephen Keating, an Irish patriot closing by the Veterans' Administration of who fought for Ireland's freedom and the Rutland VA Hospital and what he termed Byelorussian Independence Day was forced to flee to America in 1848. the "hideous brutality and savage mistreat­ ment of Negroes and whites at Selma, Ala." His father died when Edward Keating "In the name of our immortal veterans, EXTENSION OF REMARKS was only 5 years old, so Mr. Keating knew Rutland VA Hospital must be kept open," OF early in his life what it means to work said PHILBIN, "and in the name of everything hard and to attempt to overcome pov­ that is sacred in this country, the inequities HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI erty. But Mr. Keating grew up to be an of Selma must be speedily redressed, voting OF NEW YORK rights as.sured to all, and civil rights in every inspired man. He transcended the hard­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ships of his youth with a consuming de­ respect be safeguarded and enforced. sire to serve his family and his fell ow "There is no way that anyone could pos­ Thursday, March 25, 1965 sibly justify the closing of the Rutland VA man. Hospital. It is necessary, yes imperative, to Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, today we The energy which was to characterize provide proper. hospitalization and care for commemorate the 47th anniversary of his activities in the Congress and in the the veterans of central Massachusetts, indeed Byelorussian Independence Day. labor movement was·immediately appar­ our entire area . The people of Byelorussia, often ent at the outset of his career. He en­ "To transfer these veterans to other hos­ known as White Russians, are an ancient tered the newspaper business as a copy­ pitals miles away from their homes, or even people whose history dates back much holder, but rose rapidly to become a · re­ to other inadequate institutions near their further than that of the Great Russians. porter for the Rocky Mountain News. homes is a shabby and completely unsatis­ factory way to care for the needs of sick and They are one of the more numerous and His career flourished as he accepted disabled veteran s. ethnically distinct peoples in the Soviet more and more responsibility, and in "I have personally appealed to President sphere. Although racially related to the short succession he became city editor, Johnson in strongest terms not to permit VA Russians and other Slavic peoples, they managing editor, and finally became edi­ to destroy, alter, or reduce the fine service have always had a distinct national tor of the Rocky Mountain News, where Rutland Hospital is rendering. character of their own which has re­ he served from 1906 to 1911. He served "This is a time for this great organiza­ mained with them to this day. as the president of the International tion and all veterans groups, and all rela­ Their historic homeland lies east of League of Press Clubs during 1906 and tives and friends of the veteran, 87 mil­ lion strong, to demand their rights from Poland and west of Moscow, with its cen­ 1907. Mr. Keating served as president the Federal Government. ter in the famous city of Minsk. Byelo­ of the Colorado State Board of. Land "The abandonment of Rutland Hospital russia became part of the Russian Em­ Commissioners from 1911 to 1913. might save some relatively paltry sum for pire early in the 16th century, and re­ In 1913, his service was rewarded by the Government, though this is very doubt­ mained as such until the Bolshevik revo­ the people of Colorado with his election ful and has not been shown by the figures, lution of 1917 which destroyed the czarist to the U.S. House of Representatives, but such action would visit our veterans and empire. The Bylorussians were among where he remained for a period of 6 their dear ones with pain, anguish, and in­ the non-Russian national groups which convenience that no economy measure could years. During that time, he was respon­ ever justify. asserted their freedom and proclaimed sible for several notable. pieces of legis­ "I have been much encouraged by my their national independence. On March lation concerning the labor movement. talk with the President, and my colleagues 25, 1918, the Byelorussian National Re­ Soon after his retirement from the in the Congress, but the struggle to keep public was established. Congress, he became the editor of Labor, Rutland Hospital open will be long and dif­ But, as happened in so many other a dynamic paper that fought for the in­ ficult, and we must continue our united front cases, these long-subjugated people were terest of the general public as well as for with all possible vigor and intensity, un­ not destined for freedom. Early in 1921, that of the American worker. til we have achieved our goal of proper, com­ before they had a chance to enjoy the prehensive, modern medical care and treat­ Edward Keating was a man of purpose ment for our veterans." fruits of their victory, the Soviet Red whose life was notable by a series Touching on the situation at Selma, PHn.­ Army overran their country and made it of considerable accomplishments. But BIN said: a part of the Soviet Union. In less than probably the greatest monument to his "The events at Selma are nauseating and 3 years, independent Byelorussia van­ achievements, and the one in which he sickening to all Americans, especially to ished, and today it continues to live only March 25, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6083 in the minds and hearts of patriotic Byel­ 9. Do you believe that the administration's It is with great admiration that we orussians suffering under Soviet dicta­ antipoverty program will substantially reduce salute these people who yet hold to the torship. poverty in the United States? Yes, 20 per­ cent; no, 80 percent. ideal of national sovereignty and inde­ Despite the heart-rending hardships pendence. We join with these long- _ endured by these people under one of the 10. Do you favor President Johnson's pro­ posal to advance $1 billion for public schools suffering people as well as those Byelo­ worst tyrannies known ,to man, the Byel­ in poverty impacted areas? Yes, 66 percent; russians who have become part of our orussians have not given up their hope no, 34 percent. American nation in the prayer that their · for freedom. Let us continue-our prayers 11. Do you support Defense Secretary Mc­ aspirations shall be realized. that this day will not be far off so that Namara's plans to abolish the military re­ these people may enjoy the blessings of serves and reassign some of their units into freedom in their historic homeland. the National Guard? Yes, 74 percent; no, 26 percent. -congressman Monagan' s Brilliant Review 12. Would you favor the gradual elimina­ tion of our farm price-support program? Results of Public Opinion Poll Yes, 88 percent; no, 12 percent. EXTENSION OF REMARKS 13. In considering medicare for the aged, OF would you prefer (a) it be financed out of EXTENSION OF REMARKS general tax funds, (b) it be financed by in­ HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN OF creasing social security taxes, or (c) that no OF :MASSACHUSE'ITS new program be adopted? (a) 31 percent; HON. ROBERT J. CORBETT (b} 25 percent; (c) 44 percent. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF PENNSYLVANIA 14. Do you believe that it is good for the Thursday, March 25, 1965 country that the Democrats have a 2 to 1 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES majority in the House and Senate? Yes, Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, under Thursday, March 25, 1965 15 percent; no, 85 percent. unanimous consent I revise and extend my remarks in the RECORD and include Mr. CORBETT. Mr. Speaker, re­ therein a very brilliant book review re­ cently I completed another poll of public cently appearing in the New York Times opinion in the 18th Congressional Dis­ Byelorussian Independence Day written by our very able, outstanding, trict of Pennsylvania. This district lies distinguished, aild beloved friend, the es­ to the north and east of the city of teemed gentleman from Connecticut, the Pittsburgh wholly within Allegheny EXTENSION OF REMARKS Honorable JOHN s. MONAGAN. County. Its total population is 409,291, OP' This article reviewed the recent books, of whom 109,923 are registered Demo­ "Home Place" by the distinguished jour­ crats and 108,092 are registered Republi­ HON. CHARLES S. JOELSON OF NEW JERSEY nalist, William S. White, and "House Out cans. of Order" by our very able and distin­ The 18th District of Pennsylvania fea­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES guished colleague, the Honorable RICH­ tures a great many industrial areas Thursday, March 25, 1965 ARD BOLLING, both books dealing in vari­ along the Ohio and Allegheny Rivers ous ways with the House and the Con­ and has many strictly residential areas. Mr. JOELSON. Mr. Speaker, it is an honor to commemorate the 47th anni­ gress, its rules and procedures, some cur­ It has a little farming in the sections rent criticisms and proposed reforms. farthest removed from the city and quite versary of Byelorussian Independence, a little coal mining. for in so doing we are remembering a I think that Congressman MONAGAN Most ethnic groups of any sizable im­ brave and courageous people. The Byel­ has put both these books in proper per­ portance are found in the district, with orussians have displayed an inspiring spective and his commentary will be a a higher than normal number of Ger­ commitment to the ideals of freedom and very valuable, lasting contribution to the mans and Italians. independence, goals which were realized subjects and questions discussed. An equal number of questionnaires in 1918. And even though their sover­ I take pleasure in congratulating and were sent to Republicans and Democrats. eignty as a nation was suppressed shortly hig~ly commending my valued, esteemed, No way of determining how many of thereafter, they have not yet relin­ and dear friend, Congressman MONA­ each party responded was utilized. Only quished this wonderful ideal. GAN, on his fine, superbly written book signed replies were counted. The per­ The declaration of independence review. Truly, it was a gem of clarity, centage tabulations follow: which the Byelorussians made in 1918 wisdom, and commonsense. TABULATED RESULTS FOR POLL CONDUCTED was to bring to fruition the long-cher­ The book review follows: JANUARY 1965 ished dream of freedom. Sadly, how­ A MEMBER TAKES THE FiLOOR 1. All things considered, would you ra~ ever, it was not to be that, "From now (By JOHN S. MONAGAN) President Johnson's performance in office as on the Byelorussian National Republic . The open season on Congress continues. (a) good; (b) fair, (c) bad? (a) 32 percent; is to be a free and independent power," 'Nearly every week sees the publication of a (b) 55 percent; (c) 13 percent. as they so boldly stated in their assembly new book viewing clinically and usually un­ 2. Do you believe that America's prestige in and fervently believed in their hearts. favorably the Members of our National Legis­ the world has improved in the last 4 years? lature and the congressional institution it­ Yes, 17 percent; no, 83 percent. · Within a year this nation was to be con­ self. Senators, like JoE CLARK of Pennsyl­ 3. Should we (a) make greater efforts to . verted into a battleground, becoming a vania, give their view halloo and join the win the war in South Vietnam, or (b) seek pawn in the maneuverings of enemies. hunt. The alumni magazine of the former a truce and get out? (a) 56 percent; (b) 44 Occupied first by the Red Army and Congregational Indian School in New Hamp­ percent. then later by the Polish Army, Byelo­ shire, which I had the honor to attend, re­ 4. Do you have confidence that the U.S. russia was partitioned by these two cently juxtaposed, with what I hope was un­ dollar will for the predictable future remain powers in 1921, signalling the suppres­ conscious humor, pictures of the school's one of the soundest currencies in the world? sion once again of an independent re­ nine better-than-average congressional Yes, 68 percent; no, 32 percent. alumni with an article entitled "Can Con­ 5. Would you favor keeping the U.S. mili­ public and a national aspiration. gress Survive?" by a Ph. D. faculty member. tary out of Africa, except under United Na­ The rule of force, however, cannot Even Pageant magazine turned an inquiring tions auspices? Yes, 89 percent; no, 11 per­ obliterate the truth: That Byelorussia eye on Capitol Hill last November and sand­ cent. is a nation of culturally united people, wiched its notorious "rating" of congres­ 6. Would you vote to cut our Federal ex­ sional Members between articles on "Kissing speaking one language is a truth that After Marriage" and ads explaining how to cise taxes at this time by approximately $2 cannot be denied. That the Byelorus­ billion? Yes, 56 percent; no, 44 percent. ~emove hemorrhoids. 7. Do you think the national minimum sians are an ethnically oriented people, Two books on the House of Representatives wage should be (a) kept at $1.25 per hour, working toward distinct goals is evident. now arrive to join the swelling tide on this or (b) raised to $1.50, or (c) be raised to That the Byelorussians wish to become fascinating subject. In spite of their rather $1.75? (a) 57 percent, (b} 32 percent; (c) a vital member of the international com­ arch titles, "Home Place," and "House Out 11 percent. of Order" are stimulating and knowledgeable 8. Should we abolish race and nationality munity is clear, though at present, even and, therefore, welcome. However one may in determini.ng eligibility for immigration to with U.N. membership, it is impossible view their conclusions, they have the author­ the United States? Yes, 43 percent; no, 57 for Byelorussia to raise her own, distinct ·1ty and genuineness that are lacking in too percent. voice. many legislative studies and can come only 6084 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD - HOUSE March 25, 1965 from prolonged exposure to Representatives and in the fields of conflict of interest, length ticles in national magazines and in and representative assemblies. of congressional terms, control of campaign scientific journals. From the point of view of experience it costs, selection of committee staffs, and im­ ·would be difficult to find people more compe- provement of committee hearings. Inci­ The award he received is an honor - tent to dissect the House than William S. dentally, as a progress note it should be justly accorded this attorney-scientist. White, columnist, congressional correspond­ pointed out that the House itself this year ent, and idolator of the Senate; and RICHARD adopted a 21-day rule for discharging bllls BOLLING, nine-term Congressman from the from Rules and also empowered the Speaker Fifth District of Missouri. At the same time, to route conference reports past Rules and Byelorussian Independence Day one would be hard put to discover a greater directly to the House. However, when one divergence of opinion than that reached by compares our House with other assemblies these pundits as a result of their dissection. in the world-the raffish and regimented EXTENSION OF REMARKS White's view is generally friendly and con­ House of Commons, the cowed Chambre des OF stitutes a spirited defense of the status quo. Deputes, and particularly the captive bodies BoLLING's is critical to the point of being behind the Iron Curtain-one can take pride HON. JAMES M. HANLEY waspish. in our achievement and status. OF NEW YORK Chafing at the restraints imposed by the While discursive and uneven in style, seniority system and committee review, "House Out of Order" provides an excellent IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BOLLING would reform the House by making analysis of congressional press relations, can­ Thursdq,y, March 25, 1965 the party caucus the supreme arbiter of did and sometimes irreverent portraits of policy and the ultimate source of committee House leaders, an interesting category of con­ Mr. HANLEY. Mr. Speaker, today nominations. Under this dispensation, the gresssional types, detailed and revelatory if marks the 45th anniversary of the proc­ majority would be the strong right arm of somewhat self-congratulatory, sidelights on lamation of independence of the Byelo­ the White House. WHITE, however, finds the the passage through the House of the Lan­ russian people, an anniversary sadly ob­ seniority system inevitable but improvable drum-Griffin and civil rights b1lls and a served, for independence is a condition and justifies the present procedure as neces­ serious booboo in characterizing "Southie Is sary to constitute a vital legislative winnow­ My Home Town," the alma mater of South of the past for these unfortunate citizens ing process and a means whereby this House Boston, as a "ribald" song. BOLLING's main of a proud country. of Congress performs its function as a co­ proposal would split the Democratic Party This tiny satellite country-a satellite ordinate branch of our Government rathe!l' or revive the Republican-Conservative-Dem­ in position, in government, but not in than as a servile agent of the Executive. ocratic coalition. spirit, remains a constant reminder of Bandying epithets such as "legislative "Home Place" is tight, well-organized and the octopus arms of the Communist barons," "oligarchs" and "mandarins," BOLL­ magnificently written. House members will doctrine. ING takes out after the House committee take issue with White, however, on his un­ chairmen, labellng them "perverse" and due reverence for the Senate and his criticism Byelorussia knows the harsh, brutal "elderly" and charging them with frustrat­ of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. The stamping of armies over her soil. Three ing the popular will as expressed in Execu­ unending monologs in the other body, the and a half centuries of slavery are en­ tive proposals. His particular targets are lack of germaneness and the action by the graved on the pages of her history books; the Rules Committee, which he calls an two major Senate rules of "unanimous con­ three and a half centuries of denial of "abbatoir for liberal legislation," and its sent or nervous prostration" are not admired human rights, dignity-oppression. Yet astute chairman, Judge HOWARD W. SMITH, by the orderly House. In his criticism of the these bold people, never fearing suppres­ whom he terms the director of the "con­ committee, White seems unaware of recent sions, formed many governments to over­ servative fugue." subcommittee work and solid legislative WHITE, on the other hand, points out the achievement in a time of increased isola­ throw their foreign intruders. role of the House in making "climatic de­ tionism. We all remember the cruel annals writ­ cisions" in our national affairs, explains the For the ultimate description of the House, ten during the first World War. Byel­ necessity of committee work in an institu­ White's words are appropriate. It is, he says, orussia was not excluded. German ar­ tion of 435 Members and singles out chair­ "a microcosm of the people of the United mies captured part of the country and men like WILBUR MILLS, Democrat, of Arkan­ States themselves"-with all their virtues assumed military control. Russia con­ sas, of Ways and Means; EMANUEL CELI.ER, and all their faults. trolled another segment. Finally, during Democrat, of New York, of Judiciary; and GEORGE MAHON. Democrat, Of Texas, of Ap­ World War I, the Byelorussian people propriations, as men who are little known proclaimed to the world that they were nationally, but who have done more than living and would continue to live. The many well-publicized Senators to shape the Honored for Solar Success Great National All Byelorussian Congress ftnancial, social, and defense policies of our on December 5-17, 1917, decreed the Nation. EXTENSION OF REMARKS state of order of Byelorussia and the Recognizing the limitations of the seniority OJ' rights and freedoms of its inhabitants system, WHITE maintains convincingly that and peoples. there is no viable alternative. While grant­ HON. HERVEY G. MACHEN ing the recent obstructionism of the Rules On March 18, 1918, a constitutional de­ Committee, he argues with ·force that it OF MARYLAND cree established first the provisional form would have to be invented if it did not· IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the Byelorussian National Republic to exist and that it can be bypassed whenever Thursday, March 25, 1965 create a completely independent state­ a determined majority so decides. hood. By March 25, 1918, independence Viewed in proper perspective, BoLLING's Mr. MACHEN. Mr. Speaker, while was reverentially proclaimed. The Gov­ strictures seem less tenable and WHITE'S the United States probes outer space and ernment resulting from this proclama­ measured support more reasonable when attempts to learn the secrets of the sun one actually identifies committee chairmen tion expanded its activity in all fields of such as the men named above along with and the stars, Mr. Harry E. Thomason, national life with the exception of the MILLER, Democrat, of California, of Science a patent attorney for the U.S. Army military-forbidden by the Germans. and Astronautics, MORGAN, Democrat, of Materiel Command here, has harnessed Important advances were made in the Pennsylvania, of Foreign Affairs, PATMAN, the sun's rays and put them to work areas of education, culture, social protec­ Democrat, of Texas, of Banking and Currency, heating and cooling his house at 7354 tion. The Byelorussians tried to secure and HARRIS, Democrat, of Arkansas, of Com­ Walker Mill Road in District Heights, recognition from other states in order merce. Some Of these men admittedly are no Md. longer young, but they are clearly not op­ to open up diplomatic and consular of­ posed to progressive legislation. One may Mr. Thomason recently was awarded fices in surrounding countries. The Re­ question, too, whether a House which in the $100 by the Army Materiel Command for public was recognized de jure by Austria. last Congress produced a civil rights bill, a his solar heat collector invention which Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Finland, tax cut, legislation fostering vocational edu­ he developed on his own time and sep­ Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and cation and industrial retraining, financing for arate from official duties. He volun­ the Ukraine. the wheat sale to Eastern European countries, tarily gave the U.S. 'Government free The German troops withdrew in No­ a pay increase to Government employees, the license to use this and several other of vember of 1918 and immediately the Red antipoverty program, and increased soc·ial his inventions in solar heating and cool­ security benefits can legitimately be de­ army began to advance into Byelorussia. scribed as a "shambles" and in "wretched ing. The Byelorussian forces were insufficient condition" as charged by BOLLING. Mr. Thomason's work in solar energy to offer sizable opposition. However, All will agree that House procedures are has been widely recognized. He and the the Government continued its e1l'orts t.o far from perfect, and BOLLING provides valu­ solar houses he h,as built in suburban ~ form armed Byelorussian forces to de­ able .suggestions for upgrading in this area Maryland have been the subjects .of ar- fend the independence but to no avail. March 25, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6085 Russian armies tramped through the Byelorussian Independence: A Tribute Byelorussians were moved by both of country extinguishing the hope of the these principles, but not until their op­ Byelorussian independence in their path. EXTENSION OF~ portunity had arisen during World War The Polish-Bolshevik War ended with or I were they able to apply them in their a treaty between the warring powers in full meaning. Byelorussians, along with Riga. on March 18, 1921. Byelorussia, as HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI the other suppressed peoples of the Rus­ a result was divided between Poland and OJI' NEW .JERSEY sian and Austro-Hungarian Empires, had Soviet Russia. Part of Byelorussia was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES seen a new hope for their Nations as the given to Latvia and the other to the power of the former oppressors had dis­ Russian Government. Eventually the Thursday, March 25, 1965 solved under the impact of war. Fired Soviet Government was established after Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, to­ by a deeply engrained nationalism and a war with the Byelorussians. day we commemorate the anniversary of inspired by the principle of self-deter­ Today Byelorussia joins her neighbors Byelorussian independence. It is a day mination, the leaders of Byleorussia de­ in the suppressed struggle for national upon which we of the free world pay clared their national independence and and individual freedoms--freedom of tribute to a people who for a few mo­ set into motion forces which they hoped speech, of government. The candle of ments in a period of international up­ would make their aspirations a concrete hope will burn through the rains of heaval had enjoyed the right of self­ reality. tyranny and the long expected dawn will determination. Self-determination remains the dream eventually splash light on this unfortu­ In commemorating Byelorussian inde­ of men everywhere. Few people are nate country. pendence, one calls to mind one of the more aware of this than the Byelorus­ greatest principles ever proclaimed by sians, or White Russians as they are man, and that is, the principle of self­ also known to us. These people are determination. It is this principle that united by cultural tradition, a common The 47th Anniversary of Independence of provides the pulsebeat of democracy, for language, a history of struggle and mo.st what it means in essence is that the peo­ of all a common hope for freedom from Byelorussian Democratic Republic ples themselves have the sole right to foreign domination. determine their own national destiny. On March 25, 1918, Byelorussian peo­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS Self-determination, as a prtnciple of ple proclaimed their independence. On OJI' politics, had been a product of the age that date the Byelorussian Democratic HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN of enlightenment. It is a product of the Republic was born, and it appeared that thinking of those great philosophers of this new Natfon would take its rightful OJI' NEW .JERSEY democracy such as John Locke who be­ place among the free Nations of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lived that man had a natural right to world. - Thursday, March 25, 1965 govern himself. Today it is easy for us Unfortunately, those hopes were never to become ind:itierent to the genuine Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, when the to become a reality; not because of any revolutionary character of this idea. For failure in their national resolve, but Byelorussian people proclaimed their in­ its time, this principle of natural rights dependence on March 25, 1918, their rather because of the awesome power of was indeed revolutionary, for it had the newly emerging Communist Russia Democratic Republic was born. taken shape in a political climate when This independence was achieved after whose military forces had swept over all men by and large believed that kings the territories of the former Russian many years of hope, struggle, and sacri­ of nations governed by divine right, that fices. But victory and happiness turned Empire, conquering them again, and ls, that their power and authority were eventually reasserting a new and more to defeat and sorrow, for despite the derived from God and thus all men were courage and determination of the young terrible form of tyranny. bound by the absolutist declarations of On this day of national commemora­ Republic, BOishevik forces soon over­ their government. whelmed it. tion it is fitting, therefore, that we Amer­ The notion of natural rights of man, icans pay tribute to the gallant Byelorus­ The Byelorussian-Soviet Socialist Re­ however, preached a different doctrine. public was then created, but it does not sian peoples. It is also fitting that we It held that all men had certain inalien­ take this occasion to reassert our own represent the Byelorussian people--it is able rights that derived from nature it­ merely another Soviet satellite. faith in the principles of democracy, for self and among tho.se rights was the right it is in those principles that we find the As we celebrate the 47th anniversary of self-government. In other words, the strength to sustain ourselves as a Nation of the Byelorussian Democratic Repub­ commonly held notion of power and au­ in the trials of the present and future, lic's proclamation of independence, it is thority of government from above was and it as also in those principles that significant that the observance is made rever8ed, and these rights were now said we find the greatest inspiration for all by not only Americans of Byelorussian to be depo.sited within the people who men who seek a better life. descent and Byelorussian immigrants in through the exercise of those rights the United States, but by the entire free created their own particular form of world. government. I know that some day, the independ­ Thomas Jefferson had, of course, ap­ Humanitarian Work of New Jersey ence and freedom the Byelorussian peo­ plied this wonderful democratic prin­ ple lost 46 years ago, will be regained ciple to the American setting. And he Rotarians and preserved, for tyranny does not, and fused this principle with the evolving cannot endure. concept of American nationalism which EXTENSION OF REMARKS It cannot endure, because it ts con­ had taken the concrete form of our OJI' ceived in evil, born in violence, and raised Declaration of Independence and even­ in despotism-and because it rules with tually our Constitution. Thus in Amer­ HON. CHARLES S. JOELSON force and injustice. It lacks popular ica, what had been a matter of theory OF NEW .JERSEY support and therefore cannot endure. had now become a practical political IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But freedom, supplemented by reality. Thursday, March 25, 1965 strength and courage, can and does en­ At the same time, however, another dure, because it is good and peaceful, new principle that would determine Mr. JOELSON. Mr. Speaker, I have governing with reason and justice. It man's destiny was also evolving, and that just learned of the great humanitarian enjoys broad popular appeal and does was the principle of nationalism. The service being done by members of the succeed. Western world had witnessed the mar­ Rotary Clubs in seven counties of New That is why the Byelorussian people riage of the principles of self-determina­ Jersey. The Rotary Club of Paterson, should not yield to despair. They should tion and nationalism in America. And N.J., is very active in this great work. live with hope in their hearts, because as the 19th century moved on it was to These Rotary Clubs are soliciting med­ some day they will be free again, for see both p11nciples govern the thought ical and dental equipment as well as their courage and patriotism are strong of all men who sought national inde­ medical and dental textbooks to be sent and great. pendence. to Rotary Clubs in India for distribution. CXI-386 6086 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -· HOUSE March 2.5, 1965 This material will ultimately be sent adequacy of current benefits. I appre­ condition is tantamount in all practical to an area which is principally rural in ciate, of course, that while that is of respects so far as ability to work is con­ nature and contains approximately 130 greatest moment to the recipients, it is cerned, to total permanent disability. million people. Although we have 1 also presenting extremely difficult, chal­ I want to express my thanks to the physician for every 7·0-0 people in the lenging problems to the Congress, since learned chariman of the Ways and United States, there is only 1 physician we must maintain solvency of the social Means Committee, the gentleman from for every 5 ,000 people in this area in security trust fund and we cannot take Arkansas, Chairman MILLS, for his India. action that will result in impairing this warm interest and his willingness to The shortage of hospital beds in this fund in any way. undertake a study of the problem of area of India is even more shocking, and The alternative is of course to make providing a suitable legal formula for the as a result disease and misery are reasonable adjustments upward of so­ determination of disability benefits and rampant. cial security benefits and pay the differ­ for his many other contributions to this Dentists are practically nonexistent, ence out of the ordinary revenue of cause. there being only 1 for each 58,000 peo­ the Government. This would be a very I propose to continue my interest and ple, and the few dentists available there expensive matter, and when it is con­ my labors in these matters in the hope greatly need equipment. sidered, together with other matters that the Congress may take effective, I am proud that the Rotary Club of affecting social security, it can readily be equitable action in the not too distant Paterson shows sufficient interest and appreciated that the problem before future. It is mandatory if we are to concern to participate in this project, Congress is really one of overhauling the make the social security system truly and I wish them success as well as the entire social security system to make it responsive to the needs, entitlements and great satisfaction which comes from more effective and responsive to current deserts of the rank and file of the Amer­ service. high costs of living and the needs of the ican people and after all, is that objec­ disabled, social security recipients, and tive not our job? the needs of ordinary social security re­ Meanwhile, it is vital, as I see it, for Social Security Disability and Increases cipients, who are finding in increasing Congress to move with all possible speed numbers that their p~yments are woe­ with the passage of the social security EXTENSION OF REMARKS fully and painfully inadequate to sustain increases voted by Congress last year. OF them in advancing years. We must cut all red tape and end all These problems cover a great deal of unnecessary delay. The small relief this HON~ PHILIP J. PHILBIN ground and will continue to require to bill gives is sorely needed by very many OF MASSACHUSETTS my mind a great deal of intensive and fellow citizens who should have had IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES extensive examination, consideration, these benefits, these small increases last policy determination and expert drafts­ year. Thursday, March 25, 1965 manship such as would be best assured Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, for some by long committee hearings and pains­ time now I have been greatly concerned taking study. Byelorussian Independence Day about certain interpretations by the So­ It is clear that the general revision cial Security Administration tha.t have of the Social Security Act is needed and resulted in turning down a relatively I believe that it would be very unwise to EXTENSION OF REMARKS large number of applications for dis­ defer this action which also should in­ OF ability benefits based upon what is in clude the integration of other s·ocial leg­ HON. JOHN V. LINDSAY most instances essentially permanent and islation related to social security that the total disability. Congress may consider and adopt. We OF NEW YORK Under the Social Security Act, the cannot allow this great, valuable sys­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES antecedent disability is defined "as of tem to become a sprawling administra­ Thursday, March 25, 1965 long and indefinite duration" and which tive nightmare. Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, today prevents the individual from engaging in I submit that it is not sound public marks the 47th anniversary of the Byel­ any substantial, gainful activity. policy to delay further in vigorously orussian declaration of independence. I believe it is the restrictive interpreta­ tackling these problems, because with On that day in 1918, the hopes and as­ tion of this latter phrase which has re­ the increase in wages, prices, interest, pirations of nearly six-score years were sulted in the denial of many applications rents, and the advancing, infiationary realized. A once-proud people joyfully that would appear on their face to war­ spiral which at all costs must be kept welcomed the opportunity to demon­ rant favorable action. within tolerable bounds, that the grow­ strate to the world that the long czarist I have personally known of numerous ing needs of social security recipients oppression had not dulled their zeal for instances where persons were suffering will result in serious inadequacies and self-government. We are all sadly from some serious heart condition, para­ injustices, if the benefits are not equita­ aware that the republic was short-lived; lytic shock, or from serious personal in­ bly adjusted to meet current costs and but, to my mind, there is a particular jury, or other conditions which left them, standards, and if the Congress fails to poignancy surrounding the Soviet take-· not only completely disabled to perform coordinate all purposes germane and re­ over. For many among us do not com­ any substantial gainful work, but com­ lated to social security in the overall cost prehend the depth of the anguish which pletely and permanently disabled them to those covered, the employers and the this unwarranted act created among from performing any work for the rest of Government. Byelorussians, both in the homeland and their lives, and yet their applications One approach to these questions might around the world. The reason for this were not favorably acted upon by social well lie in a careful, massive, prolonged is that a great number of individuals, iri security. study by some commission of Govern- . the United States and Western Europe, I do not think that this result is in ment authorized by the Congress to re­ assume this people to be a group native keeping with the intent of Congress, the view these matters and come up with ap­ to ·Russia. On the contrary, Byelorus­ spirit or the letter of the act, because propriate recommendations for legisla­ sia is a separate entity, with its own lan­ I think considering the way the act has tion to be submitted to appropriate com­ guage, culture, and customs. It is for been written, it would be possible for the mittees of the House. But I urge prompt these very reasons, coupled with the agency to make administrative interpre­ early consideration of these matters and memory of past independence, that the tations that would cover cases which on meanwhile the effective adjustment by people of this nation never capitulated the record and on the evidence would Congress of a proper legal formula that in the face of czarist rule and oppres- . plainly appear to be instances of total, will insure prompt, reasonable disability sion. They remembered a period, sev­ ~rmanent disa,bility without any ques­ benefits to those eligible members of the eral centuries before, when their nation tion. social security system, who can show by had :flourished, and had made significant . It is apparent to me that there are competent, medical evidence that cur­ contributions to the progress of Western other deep-seated problems relating to rent disabilities actually disable them man. These sentiments gave rise to social security that the Congress will from performing "any substantial work several courageous revolts, each of which have to continue to consider, such as the for the foreseeable future," and whose was crushed by the forces of imperial March 25, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6087 Russia. The Byelorussian people dis­ ancestry and Byelorussian immigrants fortunately, however, the Byelorussians played the same independent courage who have helped to build our country. were not to enjoy their richly deserved under the Communist yoke, and in t}J.e As the leaders of the free world, we have. reward for long. In December of that famous Slutsk uprising of 1920, heroi­ a special responsibility to sustain the same year the Russian Bolsheviks ex­ cally battled against impossible odds, in love of freedom among all people. As panded the area under their control. the full knowledge that if unsuccessful freemen we must sympathize with all The Red army overran Byelorussia, they would experience even greater those behind the Iron Curtain who are which was annexed by the Soviet Union, cruelty and reprisals. The Red army denied the priceless rights of freedom of with some 10 million Byelorussians as wiped out the resistance, fierce ven­ speech, freedom of the press, and free­ helpless victims. geance was taken, and a foglike silence dom of religion. Since then Byelorussians have been enveloped the country. · Because of our devotion to freedom, living under the oppressive yoke of their Let no one be deluded by the absence it is fitting that we pause a moment in detested Communist overlords. Their of physical revolt since 1920. History our daily work and join· with Byelorus­ lives are rigidly regimented and their shows that the Byelorussian people have sians throughout the free.world and our labor is ruthlessly exploited. Their not given up. Quite the contrary, the countrymen of Byelorussian descent in movements and behavior are closely flame is very much alive. Having been celebrating this anniversary of the proc­ watched by the ubiquitous state police, subjugated for all but 3 of the last lamation of an independent Byelorus­ and they are forced to work for the 170 years, they have developed a singu­ sian republic. We reaffirm that the ·Moscow-controlled Communist state. lar capacity for passive resistance, and maintenance and strengthening of free­ Their tyrannical bosses are trying to ex­ it is this quality which sustains them dom around the globe is the main tenet tinguish all ethnic and national senti­ now, and in which the Krem'un can find of American foreign policy, and that we ments among them, including all hope of no solace or comfort. By one means or have faith that freedom will ultimately freedom for Byelorussia. another greater measures of freedom will win in the never-ending struggle against Fortunately, even under these almost come. tyranny. We take this occasion to assure unbearable conditions, the liberty-loving the Byelorussian people that they have Byelorussians still cling to their ideals not been forgotten by the free world. of freedom and independence. In view Byelorussian Independence Day We understand their plight, and sym­ of their steadfast dedication to these pathize with the hope for freedom that noble ideals, I am confident, Mr. EXTENSION OF REMARKS they must keep hidden from Communist Speaker, that they will have their re­ ward in freedom. On this 47th anni­ OF sight. It is our wish that the day will come when all men may live in a world versary of their independence I wish the HON. SEYMOUR HALPERN of peace and plenty and, above all, of Byelorussian people fortitude and for­ OF NEW YORK freedom. bearance in their struggle against IN THE HOUSE .OF REPRESENTATIVES totalitarian tyranny. Thursday, March 25, 1965 Byelorussian Independence Day Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, March Byelorussian Independence 25, 1965, marks the 47th anniversary of EXTENSION OF REMARKS the proclamation of Byelorussian inde­ OF pendence. The German occupation of EXTENSION OF REMARKS western · Byelorussia during the First HON. JOHN D. DINGELL OF World War had provided an opportunity OF MICHIGAN HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI for the leaders of Byelorussia to express IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their love of freedom and their longings OF ll.LINOIS for independence. Although the Brest­ Thursday, March 25, 1965 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Litovsk peace treaty between the Central Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, at the Thursday, March 25, 1965 Powers and Soviet Russia on March 3, end of the First World War many sub­ 1918, ignored these aspirations for liberty, merged and almost lost nationality Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, today is on March 25, 1918, the valiant national groups regained their freedom and at­ the 47th anniversary of the signing of council proclaimed Byelorussia an inde­ tained sovereign and independent status. the Byelorussian Declaration of Inde­ pendent republic. That was one of the most welcome re­ pendence. The Byelorussian state had little sults of a terrible and most destructive It is altogether appropriate that we in chance to survive despite the bravery war. Subject nationalities of once America should join with all freemen in of its people. With the defeat of Ger­ powerful but now crumbling empires commemorating this date, for the Byel­ many, the Soviet Government repudiated threw off the yoke of their oppressors orussian people are no longer free to de­ the Brest treaties. Occupying all lands and proclaimed their freedom. The termine their own course iri world evacuated by the Germans, the Soviet Byelorussian people, who had been held history. proclai.nled a Byelorussian S.S.R. on Jan­ down under the Russian czars for cen­ Their territory has been seized by the uary 1, 1919. In the peace treaty between turies, proclaimed their national inde­ Soviet government and the people sub­ Poland and the Soviets in March 1921, pendence on March 25, 47 years ago. jugated. in a police state. Yet, there is Byelorussia was partitioned between its The people of Byelorussia had their strong evidence to indicate that the peo­ two large neighbors. The Second World own sovereign, independent state before ple have not been incorporated into the War, however, ended with almost all of the rise of the Russian Empire. Then, Communist ·view of total domination Byelorussia within the. Soviet border. centuries ago, they were overwhelmed over the minds of men. Today the Soviets make some pretense by the Russians, lost their independence The Byelorussians retain their spirit of of permitting a special status for the and suffered under the czarist autocracy independence and their love of freedom. Byelorussian S.S.R. It is a signatory of of Russia. During the long period un­ In this citadel of freedom, the Con­ the u ·nited Nations Charter and signed der the czars, they carefully guarded gress of the United States, we are pleased the partial test ban treaty in Moscow. their national traditions and their herit­ to acknowledge the· Byelorussian Decla­ We know, however, that the Byelorus­ age, never abandoning hope for a ration of Independence as a further bul­ sian people have been completely subju­ chance to regain their national freedom. wark against the tyrrany of political and gated to the Soviet Communists and are They therefore seized upon the welcome personal oppression. among the captive peoples behind the opportunity provided by the overthrow March 25, 1918, was a historic date in Iron Curtain, without basic political of the czarist regime in Russia, and pro­ Byelorussian history and in world his­ rights, without fundamental freedoms, claimed their independence on March ,tory. The expression of liberty and hu­ and without the opportunity for self- 25, 1918. They established their own man dignity written into the declara­ 'determination. · democratic form of government in their tion have lasted throughout the succeed­ ' We in the United States have a living historic capital city, Minsk; and in the ing 47 years. link with the people of Byelorussia in short time allotted to them, they began The Soviets may rule the land, but as thousands of Americans of Byelorussian ·to rebUild their war-torn country. Un- long as there are those who remember 6088 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE March 25; 1965 this great Declaration of Independence, the development and spread of learning others unless on their merits they are no Soviet regime will conquer the free and the building of its facilities for gen­ entitled to special consideration. The fit hearts of Byelorussla. erating the increase and dissemination must prevail, but those who earnestly of knowledge, because knowledge is the aspire must not be turned aside. One of indispensable bloodstream and main­ them may be a Newton, an Einstein, or a stream of our life and our civilization Michelangelo. The Humanities and the very bulwark of our freedom and the best promise of our future well­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS being, prosperity, happiness, and peace. OJ' For this reason, and in order to pro­ Legalized Gambling HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN mote the national good, we must con­ stantly strive these days with intensified EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF MASSACHUSETl'S vigar and militant spirit of devotion and OF IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dedication to build and enrich this great Thursday, March 25, 1965 heritage of American culture which is HON. JAMES M. HANLEY so much a part of our country and the 01' NEW YORK Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, the cul­ differentiating characteristics of our ture of America ls the outward mani­ people. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES festation of our ideals, our aspirations, It is with these thoughts in mind that Thursday, March 25, 1965 and our way of life-the refiectlon of our we note the recent progress report of the Mr. HANLEY. Mr. Speaker, in our civilization itself. Commission on Humanities recommend­ near-perfect government of checks and This culture of ours ls neither exclu­ ing a National Foundation for the Hu­ balances, the high resolve of one branch sive nor of recent development. While manities. sometimes leads it into an error of ex­ in many respects it mirrors our national My able, distinguished colleague and cess, but in due course a correction in­ aims and characteristics, our love of the valued friend, Congressman WILLIAM variably is made. Yet it remains the fine arts, and science, our manners and MooRHEAD, of Pennsylvania, introduced obligation of all of us always to confront customs, our inner motivations and im­ in the House the bill embodying the rec­ the possibility of a mistake whenever we pulses, our most profound goals, our ommendation of the Commission urg­ see or sense it, and to prevent it from loftiest concepts, it ls essentially a com­ ing that "the United States must not initially being made. posite of the past, a clear refiection of limit its efforts to science and tech­ the present, and to some extent, prob­ In the matter of taxation to meet the nology, but must give full value and sup­ growing costs and mounting needs of ably a forecast of the future. port to artistic activity." Our American culture reveals the public works, education, and social serv­ Those words were extremely well and ices, we are-somewhat like Govern­ things that are in our hearts, the pre­ appropriately spoken by my colleague, occupations of our minds, and the deep­ ment-each guided by a stabilizing con­ and I want to associate myself with them science. And so, a problem becomes vir­ hidden stirring of our souls. in approval and agreement. From other nations and people prin­ tually nil when the presented choice is I think the important thing now in between a further burden upon the cipally Western Europe but also many this field is for the Congress to get a other parts of the world from the time economy or a serious injury to the coun­ start in promoting this great work which try's social fabric. of antiquity to the present, we have de­ is so closely related to the national in­ rived most of the basic patterns and in­ terests, and the growth, the develop­ Among the responsible and thoughtful gredients that make up our culture. ment of the Nation, and the well-being, people of the congressional district of In the broad sense, our culture em­ advancement, and happiness of the New York State whom I have the honor braces our freedoms and the govern­ American people. and in turn the many to represent, a dedication to American mental institutions we have developed peoples of the world who have an orien­ mores has led to apprehensions and to protect them, and it includes our dedi­ tation toward us and may be infiuenced fears concerning a measure which has cation to the higher things of the spirit by the example we set, good or bad. Of just been introduced for consideration and the strong spiritual promptings course, we intend always that it shall be before the New York State Legislature. which are, and unt11 recently eroded good and wholesome, constructive and The bill would permit creation of a substantially by materialism and other fruitful, for personal liberal, moral, and legalized off-track betting system in the mechanistic phllosophies always have spiritual integrity and the betterment of city of New York for the stated purpose been, a primary, fundamental basis of mankind. of raising revenue to run the city and to the American dream. The role of the specialist in our cur­ eliminate bookmaking, the illlegal gam­ Whlle culture embraces our manners, rent day society is vital and must be bling racket which fertilizes an octopus­ our social graces where we have them, given closest attention, and we must by like criminal empire infecting this coun­ our humane and compassionate reac­ all means recognize that the role of the try. Who could challenge the objec­ tions and the niceties and courtesies we generalist is of preeminent importance, tives? But who could accept the false display 1n our relations with others, it since it is from the pool of individuals thesis that by increasing neighborhood goes much deeper into our very system of trained in the humanities that the bulk gambling we can reduce the number of government, our educational processes of the great, essential, inspirational rodents who feed upon it? and our posture as a nation and a people leadership of the Nation comes. This cannot be a party matter. Gov­ in a world torn by strife,. sorrow, fear, It is important that both specialists ernors, Senators, and other civic leaders and uncertainty. and generalists should work hand in alike in New York State have opposed Culture is transmitted from one gen­ hand, and that individuals of promise, legalized off-track wagering. The roster eration to another in the family circle, ability, and aspiration be given fullest of opposition includes the honored New in the oommunity, in the church, in the possible opportunity to secure the very York names of Lehman, Dewey, Harri­ school, in the marts of trade and indus­ best training and education to which man, Rockefeller, KENNEDY and JAVITS. try, a.nd for the individual it does not he aspires. The doors to higher educa­ The threatened legalization of off-track necessarily require formal education, al­ tion should be open to all who aspire, betting is something on which we must though that may be very helpful, and is and special encouragement and assist­ see eye to eye as Americans. The dis­ becoming more increasingly necessary ance must be given to highly qualified cussion has lasted too long among gov­ and desirable for the individual, since individuals who seek either specialized or ernment leaders and the public in New knowledge ls, 1n the best sense, not only generalized education. York City; and both the support and op­ the progenitor, but the preserver and the There must be no invidious distinc­ position to the proposal have been disseminator, the creator and encourager tions drawn between scientists and gen­ strong, of culture without which it will languish eralists-all should have the chance to · The proposed act, incorporating the and wither. get the best education of which they are device of a public referendum to decide To that end, we must as Americans be capable. In this process, all should be upon a matter which should not pass be­ concerned more vitally and urgently treated equally and one group or one yond the critical purview of a legislative than ever, though we seem not to be, with person should not be preferred over body, would remove responsibility far March 25, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6089 from the sociological expertise that it shops legalized with the owners paying The fantasy becomes even more absurd . demands. taxes on the volume of wagering and when one examines in detail the proposals ~ There exists nevertheless the immi­ taxes on income. of the New York plan. nent possibility of its passage. The accepted propriety of gambling­ As if to confirm Mr. Wessel's conclu­ · What might appear on the surface to by implication on anything-has led to sion-from actual statistics-long in ad­ be an internal problem for the State of an extensive ,spread of gaming clubs vance, the New York Times, of October 1, New York alone could, in truth, work far­ where roulette, dice, one-armed bandits, 1963, in an article by Charles Grutzner, reaching injury to our entire people. · I cards, and other gambling opportunities exploring the effect of activities of the - come from the Syracuse area of upper are provided. We have of late seen ad­ Federal Bureau of Investigation on the New York State, removed by many miles vertisements in color in this country stat­ local scene at that time, stated: from the city of New York and from the ing that Americans, are, of course, wel­ About the only thing that ls not worrying immediate impact of such legislation, come to those clubs; and these are a the bookmakers is • • • State legislation to · but not by many miles from the ultimate reflection of how even a conservative so­ permit municipal horse parlors with legal · influence of that great metropolis in ac­ ciety can alter one facet of its character, off-track betting. The bookmakers believe tion of this nature. perhaps without conscious realization of that, instead of being put out of business by The more important problems which the fact, over a short span of years. such competition, they would get extra busi­ it would create, I am convinced, are of ness. There is pure horror in this situation. The surviving bookmakers are not running consequence even to those of you from Its frightening aspects are skillfully de­ too fast to pause for a horselaugh if you other States and from areas where there scribed in a book only recently published, ask whether legalized off-track betting par­ is no horseracing and no wagering of "Gambler's Money: The New Force in lors operated by the city would put them out note. The -falling domino principle American Life," by Wallace Turner, of business. would surely apply to this bill endanger­ Pulitzer Prize winning reporter on the "if anything can help this sick business ing our Nation's social and economic New York Times. The author applies back into prosperity it would be a municipal fabric. No State, no community, would this description to one of our own garish horse room in every neighborhood," said be left unhurt by this act which would, cities: one. by its passage, accord to one State the "In Britain off-track betting has quad­ This ls the strangest clty in America. It rupled since they legalized bookmaking 2 - right to sound the sociological tune for is also the origin of an infectious .immorality years ago. the Union. that rides out of the desert on a golqen flood "Once betting on the races ls made legal The right of a State to legislate moral of gambling wealth to spread its peculiar and respectable every other housewife will matters is a historic one, and there is brand of ethics across the Nation. run to the nearest horse parlor to risk a no disposition here to dwell upon that Concerned for our social fabric, Mr. couple of bucks. She'll soon find out that aspect. However, a State's assumption Turner concludes: the illegal book wlll take her parlays, back­ of a right to legalize procedures, such as to-back bets and markers (play on credit) When gamblers are given a foothold in and carry her winnings to her. She won't I have outlined, of unquestionably nega­ legality, they rapidly expand it into a per­ tive value touches on the national in­ have these privileges at a legal horse room. manent bridgehead from which they branch So, with a woman's experience in shopping, terest and might properly deserve the out in all directions. • • • At the very she'll take the bargain and never mind attention of the Congress. Legalized off­ least, the gamblers must be contained. They whether it's legal." track betting would promote poverty, en­ must never be given the feeling that the This bookmaker, whose views were shared. courage criminality and so prey upon general morality has been dragged down to by a majority of those interviewed, said legal the paorer classes as to set itself in direct their level. For if they do, they'll move a horse parlors would become magnets for conflict with the meaningful antipov­ level lower and tug down on the rest of us illegal bookmakers to operate in the vicin­ erty program hopefully initiated by this from there. ity. Congress. It would additionally impose It is argued now in New York that off­ · The bigtime bookmakers-and there still new problems on the law enforcement track betting will decrease bookmaking are several-could not care less. Three­ agencies of our country. fourths of their business now is on sports and ease the police burden, in addition games. And their big horseplayers are busi­ Abundant evidence establishes that to producing revenue variously esti­ ness executives or racketeers who want such a measure would be the seed from mated in a range from $10 million to instant service by telephone. They ·envi­ which would grow a vast injury to our $215 million for New York City. All of sion no serious competition from a legal economic stability and to our American these _contentions are patently unreal­ horse parlor where the bet must be made ethic. No single State should under­ istic. Mr. Milton R. Wessel, an acknowl­ in person. take, inadvertently or not, to generate edged expert on organized crime and law The real victim of legalized off-track forces which might do violence to our enforcement, who was chief Federal betting would be the poorer classes. In people's basic and historic decency. prosecutor of the 1959 Apalachin syn­ effect, this was clearly indicated as an In Great Britain, where illegal cash dicate trial, ably covered aspects of the incidental result of a survey financed by betting with bookmakers abounded, proposal in an article entitled, "Legalized Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc., - neighborhood off-track betting offi.ces Gambling-The Dreams and the Reali­ preparatory to its televising of a study were legalized in 1961. Among the pur­ ties," published in the January 18, 1965, in depth on off-track betting. The sur­ pases of the bettin.g and gaming bill, as edition of the Nation magazine and re­ vey, dated November 1963, was under­ then expressed by a wide range of public printed in an excerpted version in the taken by International Research Asso­ offi.cials, were: To ease the burden on the New York Herald Tribune of January ciates, Inc., and among its findings there police; to keep gambling within reason­ 21, 1965. were several which were particularly in­ able bounds; to equalize treatment for ~-Wessel states: dicative: First, one out of four people different social classes of the commu­ The New York State Commission of In­ who are currently not racetrack goers nity-the upper-income bettors had ac­ vestigation, in a sweeping series of raids dur­ find the idea of a city-operated station cess to credit bookmakers, the poorer ing the fall of 1959, seized the actual ac­ count books of underworld gambling opera­ appealing and think it would encourage did not-and to do something to restore them to bet. some respect for the law. Now, with tions and so was able to pinpoint the sources of gambling cash. A resulting study showed Second. Puerto Rican men are signifi­ less than 5 years of experience, there is the following: (1) baseball gambling repre­ cantly more likely than other New York ample reason to conclude that these sents 50 percent more money than horserace men to say that they would use the city­ aims have hardly been realized. In­ betting; (2) football betting ls one-third operated off-track betting stations. stead, there have been an increase in larger than horseraclng; (3) even basketball Third. Negro men are more likely than gambling turnover of at least 400 per­ represents nearly as large a betting handle cent, with the lowest income areas par­ as do the horses. In addition, there ls an others to say they would bet almost daily; ticularly affected; juvenile indoctrina­ enormous play on the numbers (policy) and and tion into gambling as an acceptable form a smaller, but substantial, play on boxing Fourth. Seventeen percent of New of entertainment; a great increase in the and hockey. York's female population say that they No bookie in the city of New York ls going will bet if the centers are provided by number of bettors and a coincidental rise to close up shop just because legalized off­ in the volume of bad debts and the di­ track betting (granting all the claims of its the city. vorce rate. Throughout Great Britain advocates) has deprived him of about one­ The implications are obvious for all to_ there are.today more than 16,000 betting seventh of h1a proftta. see. The technical problems involved, 6090 CONGRESSIONAi RECORD - HOUSE March 25, 1965 including a high cost of operation, ap­ the Northeast Transportation Authority except the publicity that dilemma has pear to be matters significant only to $50 million of the money authorized to be received. Now we have come to the the State of :!;few York, which at present appropriated annually "for the mass point where we must face up to the derives approximately $135 million di­ transportation program. need-the immediate need-for large­ rectly from wagering at racetracks with­ The purposes of the Authority proposed scale Government aid. in the State. But surface appearances under my bill would be severalfold. Recently, the Regional Plan Associa­ are rejected by responsible businessmen Initially, it would aim at the immediate tion released comments of commuter among my constituents who, more than rehabilitation of failing rail passenger railroad presidents the gist of whfoh was depending upon a sense of foreboding, services. This would be done by nego­ that all the commuter lines serving the question the preachments and practices tiating "cost plus" contracts with passen­ New York metropolitan area are willing which an off-track betting law would set ger carriers, whereby those carriers to hand over their passenger operations in motion. were given the difference between reve­ to a responsible Government agency if Is it not devious for a government to nues of the required service and the cost Government subsidies are not f orthcom­ encourage widespread gambling, figura­ of providing that service, plus a percent­ ing. These officials do, however, prefer tively in every neighborhood, rather than age of that cost as profit. Until the the idea that the Government should to off er honorable solution of its fiscal Authority should certify itself as ready contract for commuter service---or in es­ problems by furthering a sense of civic to perform this task, the bill would em­ sence, subsidize such service-in differ­ responsibility? Is it not fiscally unsound power the Administrator of the Housing ent areas rather than take over the rail­ to spend $1 in order to reap $2 in taxa­ and Home Finance Administration to roads. I agree. I prefer the concept of tion when the present cost in New York make appropriate contracts with passen­ "equalization payments" by which the State is one-fiftieth of that cost? Is it ger carriers. A key objective of the Government pays for the difference be­ not unwise conditioning of a people to· proposed Authority would be the regu­ tween revenues and costs of providing develop what has aptly been termed the larization of c·ommuter rail service on a what is, after all, a necessary public serv­ "something-for-nothing syndrome"? reliable contract basis. ice, to the concept of Government owned We live in an era of rapidly growing The Authority would also, as pro­ and operated railroads. My bill aims at national economy, when the Nation is posed, seek to develop high-speed intra­ setting up a framework for Government dedicating itself to an unlimited war on megalopolitan rail service, and would be financial aid-and not only to railroads, poverty and to the maintenance of its authorized to use a share of moneys although they are our immediate con­ dignity and improvement of its image presently authorized to be used for dem­ cern, but to other carriers as well. and its prestige. We must continue to onstration projects by the Housing and In my opinion, the political and finan­ strengthen all our safeguards and to op­ Home Finance Administrator. cial responsibility for such :financial aid pose all threats to those goals. It is with If constituted as set forth in the bill, and control must lie with the Federal that awareness I seek to alert this Con­ the Authority would exercise rate and Government. The simple reason is that gress at this time. route regulatory powers over megalopol­ the Federal Government has both the Someday soon, perhaps sooner than we itan air, rail, and bus passenger trans­ power and the money. The several now realize, it may be necessary for this portation as presently exercised by the States have little of either. They seem House of Representatives to demonstrate ICC and CAB. These powers would be unable to agree on any plans that have its serious concern. so exercised as to aim at the develop­ any real teeth or treasury. Probably any ment of a more efficient and economical State plans would involve largely Federal megalopolitan transportation structure. money in any event, so it is my feeling Wasteful competition would eventually that the political body created to deal Fino Offers· Bold Legislation for Federal be eliminated. Transportation re­ with the transportation problem in the sources would be rationalized: air, rail, Northeast ought to be a Federal agency. Authority To Surmount the Rail Crisis and surface transit would be used for Ultimately, the financial and planning appropriate distances or districts. The power of the Federal Government must EXTENSION OF REMARKS regulatory powers of the proposed Au­ be brought to bear-and there is no time OF thority would eventually-used in con­ like the present. junction with cost-plus passenger serv­ I am not proposing a nationwide agen­ HON. PAUL A. FINO ice contracts-be exercised so as to with­ cy. ·For the moment, I think we would do OF NEW YORK draw carriers from service obligations well to test a Federal transportation au­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that could be better handled by another thority's ability to do the job in the area type of carrier. Thursday, March 25, 1965 where the problem is most pressing-the The Authority would also be empow­ northeastern urban "megalopolis." I do Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, today I have ered, where necessary, to purchase or not think that these problems are the introduced legislation to amend the Mass operate a carrier, although its power to problems of . metropolitan New York Transportation Act of 1964 to create a take over properties without additional alone. I think that the problems of the Federal Northeastern Transportation congressional consent would be limited urban coastal area are highly interre­ Authority to subsidize, rehabilitate, and to purchases of under $20 million. No lated, and that controlled development of restructure passenger transportation be­ passenger carrier could discontinue transportation in the Northeast should tween lower Maine and northern Vir~ megalopolitan passenger service without be on an integrated rather than scattered ginia-the jurisdictional area is delin· the consent of the Authority. basis. It would not be fair to subsidize eated in detail below. The proposed Authority would have only the metropolitan New York trans­ · My bill sidesteps a number of the seven Commissioners appointed for 5- portation problem. The cfisis presenting shortcomings of the legislation so far year terms, initially staggered. The sal­ itself today is an opportunity and a chal­ offered-unsuccessfully-to bring· Fed­ aries of Commissioners would be $21,000 lenge to regularize and modernize the en­ eral aid to bear on the deteriorating rail per annum. tire northeastern transportation com­ situation. The bill calls for a wholly The proposed Authority would be plex. A halfhearted, haphazard, and Federal authority to subsidize and regu­ financed by appropriation until such piecemeal attack on this problem will late passenger transportation. The Au­ time as it might be granted the power to cost double tomorrow what it saves to­ thority proposed is not dependent on issue revenue bonds in connection with day. State financial support or political con­ later undertaken specific operations or I hope that progressive transportation currence. The bill proposes wholly Fed­ construction. eral financing of the passenger transpor­ Since December, when I first began thinking will not be shunted aside in tation deficit, in keeping with my con­ work on this bill, I have watched the rail­ the name of economy, because, as I said, cept of passenger tran_sportation as an roads edge closer and closer to total such would only be false economy. I ultimately Federal responsibility. The abandonment of passenger service. also hope that this proposal will not be bill provides for the structuring of the These developments should not be a sur­ branded as sectional, for while it is true proposed Authority within the frame­ prise. In the last quarter century, that it is aimed at the transportation work of an existing transportation pro­ passenger service has shown a profit only complex of just one area, it is also aimed gram-the Mass Transportation Act of during the war years. There is nothing to provide a trial run in Federal partici­ 1964. . The bill would make available to new about the dilemma of the railroads, pation in passenger transportation. March 25, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6091 What can be learned in the Northeast I want to commend the subcommittee in order to expedite final action. Some can be applied to other areas as the eco­ for its prompt, expeditious consideration of these colleagues are: the distinguished nomic patterns of those areas move, as in reporting the lead and zinc bills when gentleman from New York [Mr. PIRNIE], they must, toward the socioeconomic they were before us. It was our expecta­ the distinguished gentleman from Con­ complexity of the Northeast. Perhaps a tion and intention to proceed promptly necticut [Mr. IRWIN], both members of Great Lakes Region Authority or a with consideration of several bills for dis­ the Armed Services Committee, and our Southern Pacific Coastal Authority might posal of copper that were pending in the esteemed colleagues, the distinguished follow a successful Northeastern Au­ House, but which lacked needed reports gentleman from Connecticut [Mr. MON­ thority. from the Federal agencies concerned. AGAN], the distinguished gentleman from This is an innovative measure, but it is However, when the lead and zinc bills Montana [Mr. OLSEN], the distinguished a considered one, hammered out as the were sent to the other body, certain gentleman from Rhode Island [Mr. ST sound points and shortcomings of other amendments were added to the zinc bill GERMAIN J, the distinguished gentleman transportation proposals have exposed providing for copper disposal. We from Indiana [Mr. HARVEY], the distin­ themselves. We live in an age of super­ should have much preferred to conduct guished gentleman from Michigan [Mr. cities and superproblems. There is an our own hearings on copper in the House, HUTCHINSON], and my valued colleague, ever-growing and necessary interrelation but under the circumstances, since this the distinguished gentleman from Mas­ of politics and multidirectional growth measure and the lead bill were incorpo­ sachusetts [Mr. CONTE]. planning. I urge the Congress to mold rated into the zinc bill, we did not feel I think that the example set by all the future rather than be buffeted by it would be desirable to duplicate the these and other distinguished gentlemen it. This is a challenge to be grasped, not Senate hearings. It was the decision of in the House on Tuesday in expediting ignored. the House Armed Services Committee this bill is one of the finest instances of Following is the megalopolitan juris­ to expedite action on these disposals by wholehearted cooperation I have seen diction: accepting the Senate amendments, even during my service here, and I hope the THE MEGALOPOLITAN JURISDICTION though we felt that it would have been passage of the bill will be helpful in Maine: Counties of Cumberland and York. better to proceed with hearings on each alleviating the shortages of these valu­ New Hampshire: Counties of Hillsboro individual disposal request, and in ac­ able metals and improve the sorry plight and Rockingham. cordance with our practice, receive ade­ of several industries faced with opera­ Massachusetts: All counties. quate evidence concerning the subject tional and unemployment problems as Rhode Island: All counties. matter of pending copper bills, thus giv­ a result of present conditions affecting Connecticut: All counties. the availability of these materials. New York: Counties of Suffolk, Nassau, ing those who introduced measures on Queens, Kings, Richmond, New York, Bronx, this subject full opportunity to be heard Westchester, Rockland, Putnam, Orange, and have their witnesses heard and thus Dutchess, Sullivan, Ulster, Greene, Columbia, enable our committee to make its own Albany, Rensselaer, and Schenectady. record in our own committee hearings. Senator Dirksen Interviewed on the Art New Jersey: All counties. However, I feel that we have dis­ of Political Leadership Pennsylvania: Counties of Pike, Lacka­ charged our duty to the House and to all wanna, Luzerne, Monroe, Northampton, Le­ high, Berks, Schuylk111, Lebanon, Dauphin, those concerned in accepting the Senate EXTENSION OF REMARKS York, Lancaster, Chester, Delaware, Mont­ amendments in this particular instance, OF gomery, Bucks, and Philadelphia. even though we do not want it to be Maryland: All counties save Garrett and understood or construed that this estab­ HON. THOMAS H. KUCHEL Allegany. lished a precedent that would be followed OF CALIFORNIA Delaware: All counties. in the future. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES District of Columbia. We have made every possible effort to Virginia: Counties of Arlington, Fairfax, Thursday, March 25, 1965 Loudoun, Prince William and Fauquier. safeguard the national interest in these disposals and to prevent the disruption Mr. KUCHEL. Mr. President, one of the of markets and price variations to the most delightful recent television inter­ extent that can be done by legislation, views, and certainly one of the most in­ Lead, Zinc, and Copper Disposals and we have taken great pains to assure formative ones, was conducted by Joseph there will be orderly, fair, equitable dis­ F. Mccaffrey with Senator EvERETT Mc­ posal procedures and that our commit­ KINLEY DIRKSEN' of Illinois, as his guest. EXTENSION OF REMARKS tee will be in a position to follow up these I have gone to conSiderable pains to get OF matters to make sure that the intent of a transcript of the interview with our HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN this legislation is being followed in every esteemed minority leader because I think feasible, practicable manner. the Senate should share in the wisdom · OF MASSACHUSETTS In all these disposals, it is our expec­ which marks the comments of our col­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tation that the Government will make league. The interview was first broad­ Thursday, March 25, 1965 a profit from the sales taking place as cast on WMAL-ABC TV, Washington, Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, I am de­ a result of the action of the Congress D.C., on February 7, 1965, on Mr. Mc­ sirous of expressing my warm apprecia­ on this bill. Caffrey's program known as "Closeup." tion to all those who were so helpful and There are so many people who are I ask unanimous consent that the considerate to me and our committee in serving and assisting our committee in transcript of the interview be printed facilitating the favorable consideration these matters that it would not be pos­ at this point in the RECORD. by the House on Tuesday, March 23, un­ sible to enumerate all of them here. I There being no objection, the tran­ der unanimous consent of the bill, H.R. do want to express my warm, personal script was ordered to be printed in the 1496, as amended by the Senate. This appreciation to my very distinguished RECORD, as follows: measure authorizes the disposal, without chairman, the Honorable L. MENDEL JOSEPH MCCAFFREY. Good evening, I'm Jo­ regard to the 6 months waiting period, of RIVERS, who contributed so invaluably seph Mccaffrey. Welcome again to "Closeup, lead, zinc, and copper from the national to the results achieved, to the officials the Capitol." My guest this evening needs of the Government, particularly the no introduction to anyone who has ever stockpile and the supplemental stockpile. watched television, certainly no introduc­ As the House understands, this bill General Services Administration, the Office of Emergency Planning and those tion at all to anyone who is interested in provides for the disposal of certain ur­ public affairs. This gentleman first came to gently needed strategic materials, prin­ from industry who gave us the benefit Congress as a Member of the House in 1933 cipally lead, zinc, and copper that are of their views and their valued cooper­ and served there until he retired voluntarily urgently needed by industry to alleviate ation. in January 1949. He was elected then to current shortages which are causing I am also especially thankful to sev­ the Senate in 1950 and has served there ever part-time operation and unemployment eral distinguished friends and colleagues since. I think if there was a Congressional Hall of Fame, and I really think there should in certain industries, and are now threat­ of the committee and the House who be one, that this gentleman would be the ening to cause even greater unemploy­ introduced bills for the disposal of cop­ first man who would be selected for it. Be­ ment and more serious conditions in per and who so graciously withdrew their cause he is, and I am sure that almost any these industries. request for House committee hearings other reporter who covers the Hill will agree, 6092 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE March 25, 1965 the complete Senator. He is the perfect fast, it doesn't move very far at one time, on to carrots and turnips and to red beets Senator, if in the world of human beings but it never sinks and maybe that is the and then, of course, you always have a there is such a thing as anyone who is per­ reason we have a free government today. stand of potatoes and a stand of tomatoes. I fect or anything that is perfect. And in just I was thinking how many free governments always have a little kale. There must be one one moment I will yield the balance of the .are just in too great a hurry that suddenly green vegetable with plenty of iron content. time on this program to the distinguished flop over and take on a dictatorial and des­ Mr. MCCAFFREY. Senator, in your youth minority leader of the U.S. Senate, EVERETT potic cast because they can't wait for normal you aspired to be an actor. In fact, you did McKINLEY DmKSEN. Senator DIRKSEN, in forces to undertake the changes that are write and sell and produce some plays-­ many ways it is a miracle that you were in necessary in the constant climb of people to Senator DmKSEN. Very little but at the Senate, in that no one ever thought you a better life. leastr-- would return to public life when you left the Mr. McCAFFREY. Senator DIRKSEN, you Mr. MCCAFFREY. Well, you got paid for House. The verdict was that you were going have been criticized at times for not being them and there are a lot of playwrights who to be blind. Will you tell us the fears and. consistent-that over the years, your posi­ have never been able to sell, you know. How feelings that went through your mind at tion on various issues has changed. related is politics to the theater, would you that time? Senator DmKSEN. Well consistency is a say? Senator DmKsEN. Yes, I remember the in­ hobgoblin of small minds-was it Emerson Senator DIRKSEN. Well, you.have this com­ cident rather vividly. I had six or seven who said it?-a foolish consistency or an in­ mon identity. To begin with, you deal with physicians including one here in Washing­ consistency and I have often thought the people. - You are in front of people in ton, a very noted physician who was an eye only people who do not change their minds political life even as you are on the stage and specialist who had been in the Wilmer Clinic are sleeping peacefully in some cemetery out of it there must develop a poise, a certain at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore. or they are in an institution-involuntarily presence, a capacity for putting your I recall so well the day when he called in there-and have lost the capacity to change thoughts in words, in poignant expression, the morning and said there was a division of their mind. So I hope that the time will so that it is conveyed to people and persuades opinion as between him and others as to never come when I can't adjust to new cir­ them and in that respect there is complete whether this retinitis condition was malig­ cumstances and new conditions because it identity between the theater and I think, nant or not, but they thought at least I is an accelerated world. How fast it moves­ political life. ought to go to Johns Hopkins and think and I need only to get a touch of nostalgia Mr. MCCAFFREY. One of the main require­ about having an enucleation- which is a and dip into my past; go way back to my ments, it seems to me, of a man in pubUc nice fancy word for the removal of one of boyhood days--to see the changes that have life is that he had patience, that he be your eyes. I remember how Mrs. Dirksen ta.ken place to become thoroughly sensible able to suffer fools gladly and that he take and I wept when the news came. I very of what has happened in this world. all the other little inconveniences which dutifully went to Baltimore that morning on Mr: McCAFFREY. How would you sum up comes along and doesn't let these things get the train. I remember telling the . surgeon your philosophy of life, Senator? to him. Is this .something that you have to over there afterward, when I got there, that Senator DIRKSEN. Well, I want to be ready be born with or qan men ln public llfe learn I had consulted with another doctor and for change at all times. I think I subscribe to adjust to all these things? came to the conclusion that I would not fully to the definition of progress as the Senator DmKsEN. They can learn but-­ permit the removal of my eye. He said, constant and intelligent and undramatic Mr. MCCAFFREY. Some of them don't. "What doctor?" "Oh," I said, "A very great action of life on what is here. Perhaps I Senator DmKsEN. No, the gift of patience, big doctor, He lives way upstairs." "Oh," he can best mustrate it by saying the atom of course I think, is a highly desired attri­ said, "You are one of those guys, are you?" I has been here ever since this world was bute because you are deallng with people, said, "Yes, I am. I am a rather rough, un­ created but it has taken all these millions they have fixations, they have convictions couth sort of a person, but I am one of those of years to break it down, to fracture it, to about any number of controversial matters. guys." He said, "All right, if that is the way find it, to see what is inside of it, and to You have to hear them out. You have to be you want it; I'm going to California tomorrow lay open this great force that has changed careful not to be too precipitous or capri­ so make up your mind." I said, "I have made the whole destiny of the world and the cious ln pointing out what you think the up my mind," and that was it. That is my destiny of mankind. weakness in the other fellows case may be, good eye. The other one has some scar tis­ Mr. McCAFFREY. Any Senator has a hectic especially if he ls on your side of the aisle sue on it but it does very well for peripheral pace in life and because Senator DIRKSEN polltically speaking. So thait requires, I vision. Incidentally I became an expert on is the Minority Leader in the U.S. Senate, think, gentle discussion and a very gentle eyes myself at that time but there is some­ his pace is even more hectic. It is nothing oil can art as I call it, so that the bearings thing that hits you, you can just envision a for him, for example, to have 150-200 people never get hot. You don't develop frictions black world for a while. ~o come to see him in the course of a day that suddenly blow into pieces and if you Mr. McCAFFREY. Did you have any fear, any and how does he get away from this? We can keep lt on the quiet side and have every panic when they first talked to 'you about have some pictures which I would like to aspect o! the matter explored without any­ this? show you at this time to illustrate how a body becoming fractious at any· time you're Senator DmKSEN. I would not call it panic Senator, in this case Senator DIRKSEN, re­ most likely to get results. What was it that but I was fully sensible of what confronted laxes. These are pictures--these are some Lincoln said-we shall sooner have the chick­ me and how serious this.really was because of your flowers, Senator-and this is Mrs. en by hatching the egg than by breaking it. just think of those limitations on what you Dirksen with you at your home in Lees­ Mr. MCCAFFREY. Is this the secret of your can do and how long you have to be out of burg and what do you grow down there? great abllity to work compromises? Now circulation before you can undertake to get What crops do you grow? there are many examples, in your case, of anything done and learn an entirely new Senator DmKSEN. Well, frankly, we grow a your ability to bring about a compromise, technique where you feel your way in the little bit of everything. Not only in the the most classic one and the one that will world. vegetable line but in the flower line as well. go on the history books certalnly is the work Mr. MCCAFFREY. Senator, those · who ob­ I do not want to be an expert. I do not you did on the civil rights bill last year in served you during your years from 1933 until want to be a professional. I never want to the Senate. Is this the secret of being able 1949 in the House and who have observed loose my amateur standing- to get men to work together? you since your return here to the Senate Mr. MCCAFFREY. As a gardener? Senator DmKSEN. Yes. say that you have changed a great deal, that Senator DIRKSEN. As a gardener and so I Mr. MCCAFFREY. Restraining yourself first you may have mellowed perhaps. How go for these very simple things that give me perhaps? would you compare yourself in the Senate a lot of joy whether you grow them singly Senator DIRKSEN. If you have a common today with yourself when you were in the or in great masses. People wonder some objective it is the starting point of course. House? Do you see or think there is any dif­ about my fidelity to the marigold. Well, There may be a dozen roads to get there. ference in you as an individual as an oper­ take a marigold in great mass and it lasts Some of them tortuous, some not satisfac­ ating Member of Congress? right up to frost and are here all summer tory, some of them difficult, some of them Senator DmKSEN. Well, I think you will and fall. You can enjoy the mass color any­ over high ground-where lies the best road have to remember first of all, that I am where in the garden and it is a hardy flower. with the fewest barriers or obstacles ln lt? somewhat older than I was in those days. But I love petunias, I like to dabble a little Well, it takes some doing, of course, to fi­ I c_ame here at age 36 or 37, full of energy and in roses and on a small scale I do fairly nally work around until you get into that ready to just fairly push the dome off the well at it. I love zinnias because of their road and that does require patience and you Capitol, until older and well demeaned rich color. They just absorb all the color do have to hear the other fellow's case. He Members advised me that that dome has in the sun and what a gorgeous sight it is to may not agree with you at all but, llttle been there since they came and would be see them in great mass colors all through by llttle, whatever difficulties are in the way there when they were gone and would be the summer and it is another hardy flower, begin to yield and before you know lt you are there when I was gone. So perhaps it might so hardy in fact that it has a way of resist­ at the end of the road and it looks as if lt be well to slow down a little. Then I think ing bugs. So does petunias. But that gives has been consummated by a rather satisfac­ you learn certain things which somehow fill me a lot of fun and variety and then I garden tory joining. And you say, all right, that's out your philosophy as a legislator and I a little in the vegetable field. Start early­ the route to get there, that's the route back, pretty much agree with this kind of lan­ that I learned as a boy--starting with and that is the route up there again. guage-that this free government is like an radishes and lettuce and onions, the first to Mr. MCCAFFREY. In your 30 years in Con­ old waterlogged scow, it doesn't mov~ very mature in early spring. And then you move gress, you have served with hundreds o! men March 26, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6093 and women. What do you think ls the great which I agreed, many with which my con­ bears another party label from mine ca.Us hazard-now we are speaking as human be­ stituents disagreed and then they used to me to ask how he gets out of a difficulty and ings-of public life? Do you think it ls scold me a good deal about it. But certainly extricates himself from a real problem in the dt:inklng or do you think it is the 1nab111ty a personality of a type all its own that is Senate. My duty as an American, of course, or refusal to grow as times go on or do you rather rare. Then followed by Truman, with an allegiance and fidelity to my country think it is a development toward cynicism rather mundane, rather earthy who could requires that I help him. I would be a that ls apparent in some Members? chop off his words. I had a great regard poor citizen indeed if I didn't do the same for Senator DmKSEN. First of all, there is a for Truman. He could scold you in lan­ any President regardless of his politics where danger of getting into a political rut, so to guage that you could understand and at the country's interest ls at stake. But he speak, and life may go by you. That's very the same time he could pat you on the back. was truly a great character in my book. unfortunate indeed. That means, of course, I recall when I went to say goodby to Tru­ Now President Johnson and I sat across the that you will not adjust. What was it that man after this eye malady struck me and I aisle from each other-- Lincoln said: "The dogmas of the quiet past said I would wait in Washington until I Mr. MCCAFFREY. The man you probably are inadequate to the stormy present. As went to say goodby. And I said, Mr. Presi­ know the best. our case is new, so we must think anew and dent, the custom is to pack your bags and senator DmKSEN. Yes, he as majority leader act anew." get out of this town overnight but I would and I as minority leader. We used to make Mr. MCCAFFREY. If you come from I111nols not do it. And he said to me at the White medicine, as I say, over in his office. Of you have to know Lincoln, don't you? House, "Why did you quit? We need fel­ course we had to make book and make sched­ Senator DmKSEN. Yes; and then he added lows like you around here." Well, when I ule on what came up. The Senate is a two­ this one part. He said: "We must disenthrall got around to the Senate race, finally after way street, that ls one thing we are always ourselves and then we shall save our coun­ friends importuned me, I remember Truman agreed on. A minority leader with some try." That is a great line and I think over took me apart as nobody ever did as if he backing could just truss up the Senate any and over a person in public life has to take had never seen me in his life, yet he thought old time with a filibuster or anything else and inventory, to see where he ls at the moment, they needed me around here. When they stop it in its tracks and the majority leader to take a look back to see from whence you observed his 80th birthday, I think, I was could do likewise. And so we agreed that we came and then see where the high road goes there and made a speech on the occasion and had to work together because the overriding and then if your thinking is not attuned to I joshed him a little about it and he laughed interest was the well-being and the welfare it you disenthrall yourself. You take a new and he said, "Oh, DmKSEN, life is like that." of the Republic, the United States of Amer­ stance and a new look and if you are willing So he was a different type entirely but he ica. It was on that ground we used to battle to look long enough and hard enough, I am had those who were devoted to him with it out and believe me we have had some hot rather confident that the right cast of mind a deep and affectionate devotion. And then and tempestuous times in his office and in and the right thoughts will come which are of course, there came Dwight Eisenhower. mine but never at any time did either of us adequate to what Iles ahead. As the whole world knows, I was for Bob lose sight of the fact that the objective was Mr. MCCAFFREY. As a person and also in Taft and I didn't know how President Eisen­ the country and its people. your many public statements you are always hower would think about me and particu­ Mr. MCCAFFREY. Let me ask you the final the optimist. Does your optimism ever fal­ larly some of the remarks I made in the question, Senator DIRKSEN, and this ls always ter in the face of all of the problems that nominating speech in Chicago. You may an unfair question, perhaps. But looking face us today not only at home but also remember that one line I said was that it back over your life--and you said you do abroad? wouldn't take a committee investigation to look back every once in a while--looklng Senator DmKsEN. No, because even if there determine Bob Taft's politics. Maybe at the back over your life is there anything that are frustrations and goodness knows every time I said it I wasn't fully conscious of the you would undo that you did or ls there any­ life ls attended with some frustration cer­ fact that it was quite a little dig but Presi­ thing that you didn't do that you would like tainly; there ls still ·ample time and room dent Eisenhower and I became the firmest to have done? and cause for optimism because there are of friends and I carried the flag for him on Senator DmKSEN. Just one. That ls when so many good things and so many blessings issues and controversies. I voted for a bill while in the House of Repre­ that you can count in life that come. So I Mr. McCAFFREY. Let you have that hot sentatives in the Truman administration to see no reason why one shouldn't look on the poker. send miners and perhaps railroaders into the optimistic side. Besides how can you look Senator DmKSEN. I used to say that if Army unless they quit striking and went back on life constructively without being an opti­ nobody will pick up the hot poker I will to work. That ls the bill that Senator Taft mist because it is the only aggressive, affirma­ pick it up. And then came the late John stopped in its tracks in the Senate and as I tive attitude of mind that will do you any Kennedy. Of course, we had known each look back I think if I could undo a vote good in coping with a problem there on the other for 10 or 12 years before he acceded to that vote I would undo. doorstep everyday. the Presidency. We knew each other in the Mr. MCCAFFREY. A pretty good record with Mr. MCCAFFREY. You served under five House and we knew each other in the Senate. only one regret out of what--maybe 3,000 Presidents, from F.D.R. through Johnson. I had great affection for him and I think votes or 5,000 votes that you've cast. Taking them one at a time, how would you it was reciprocated. There was something Sena.tor DmKSEN. It could be, but you see, appraise these men beginning with Franklin genteel and gracious, there was a sublime there we were all caught up in a vortex of feeling that extended all through the country Delano Roosevelt. :You were elected the grace a.bout John Kennedy and it stuck to same year he was first elected, 1932. You and people were getting pretty harsh about it him all his days. And how often he called survived his big sweep of 1936 too. and naturally that is reflected in the halls of Senator DmKSEN. Well, how should you me to the White House to sit for perhaps Congress so perhaps they wlll stake me one appraise different personalities . . Franklin an hour to talk about many things and say, vote that I regret. I do regret that one, of Roosevelt and the melllfiuous voice who had "Where am I on this?" "Well, Mr. President, course. · a way of charming people and did charm the you're not." And then the question, how Mr. MCCAFFREY. I'll be back in 1 minute. country. There were so many things with to get results? And of course, it is quite a Senator DmKSEN. I want to thank you very which I disagreed in those days, many with compliment, I think, when the President who much for a delightful program.

miration by soaring upward and onward THE JOURNAL HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES into space. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read Grant that their achievement may the Journal of the proceedings of yester­ FRIDAY, MARCH 26, 1965 symbolize the faith and courage we need day. for the adventure of the aspiring and The House met at 12 o'clock noon. ascending moral and spiritual life. The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, Expand and enlarge our minds and CALL OF THE HOUSE D.D., prefaced his prayer with these hearts with a passion to attain unto the Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Speaker, I make words from Philippians 3: 13-14: Reach­ highland and heavenly life. ing forth, I press toward the mark for the the Point of order that a quorum is not We humbly confess that there may be present. prize of the high calling of God in Christ many obstacles, but Thou wilt sustain us The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Jesus. with this assurance: New York makes the point of order be­ Almighty God, v;e thank Thee for this "He who, from zone to zone, fore the Journal is read? significant day when we are paying Guides through the boundless sky thy Mr. GOODELL. I do, Mr. Speaker. tribute and honor to two American pa­ certain flight, . The SPEAKER. The gentleman from triots and heroes. In the long way that I must tread alone, New York makes the point of order that We proudly acknowledge that they Will lead my steps aright." a quorum is not present. Evidently a have captured our imagination and ad- Hear us in Christ's name. Amen. quorum is not present.