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The Big Ang of the Big Bang by Tbrry'v'ieland

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The Big Ang of the Big Bang by Tbrry'v'ieland Ammunition Nfiff$ tres$ The Big ang of the Big Bang By Tbrry'V'ieland In the utorld of rifles and shotguns, progress cotnes mostly in small incremmts, It is rare to pinpoint the exact date when a rnornentouschange occurred, but tbosegreat old British Nino Express car*idges are tbe rare excEttion, smokelessgunpowder. necessaryfor the job. 'While TOP: The .500 Mtro Expresscartridge. Of course, necessityis always the mother of famousprimarily for their shotguns(this BELO\|4 The .450 Nitro Expresscartridge. invention, and the technical aspectsaside, the was also the era of the fabulous shooting parties, main impetus behind the development of the gunning driven grouseand partridgesin England .450 and,its offspring was the fact that British and Scotland), the British gunmakerswere well hunters were going out to Africa to hunt accustomedto outfitting big-game hunters. For dangerous animals, and not all of them were more than a century, soldiersand administrators coming back. Given the intense competition by the thousandshad been sailing for India and among British gunmakersin the latter half of the coloniesin the far east,where they hunted tigers, 19th century, and their dismay at losing elephant, rhinoceros,and various buffalo. It was customers(either to eachother or on the horns of through use in India that the double rifle had a buffalo), it is not surprising that firms such as really beenperfected. Rigby, Holland & Holland, and JamesPurdey Demanding as this game was, howevet it was wereall busy trying to perfectmore effectiverifles neither asplentiful nor aspurely dangerousas the and cartridges. wildlife of Africa. The Cape buffalo was tougher, Although southern Africa had been colonised more truculent, and deadlierthan any Asian wild since 1648, the modern era of big-game safari ox; the rhinos were bigger,and lions and leopards hunting is relatively recent. It began in 1836 were widespreadand threatening to both man when \Tilliam Cornwallis Harris mounted a four- and beast.But it wasthe African elephant- huge, month safariinto the interior from the Cape,and aggressive,numbering in the millions, and returned home to write an account of his possessinga very valuableset of tusla - that both he era of the nitro expressbegan in July, adventures.The Vild Sports of southern Africa definedAfrican hunting and setnew standardsfor 1898, when John fugby & Co. unveiled was a sensation.It inspired others to follow in rifles. In 1850, there were several million the .450 Nitro Express,and usheredin Harris's footsteps,and from that time forward the elephants roaming the continent. There were the modern ageof the elephantgun. exploration of the Dark Continent was many reasonsfor hunting them: to make room Although the introduction of the .450 was a inextricably tied up with big-game hunting. for settlement,to eliminate a threat to crops and specific event, and the cartridge was quickly Sometimesit was hard to tell which waswhich. people,and for their valuableivory. \(/hatever the acceptedand changedthe hunting world almost Someof the greatestnames in hunting headed motivation, however,you neededa good rifle if overnight, it was not the product of a single for Africa after 1840: Samuel Baker, lTilliam you wanted to come back alive. inspiration. Rather, it was the end result of a Comon Oswell, the inimitable RoualeynGordon At first, the elephanthunter's standardfirearm number of changesthat had been taking place Cumming, and Frederick Courteney Selous. was a large-boremuzzle-loadet rypically four- or over the course of the previous 50 years - the Many of these men also wrote about their eight-bore (using shotgun terminology) firing a development of the breechloadingrifle, the exploits, and each new book inspired still more lead ball weighing severalounces. This was a perfecting of rifling techniques,the evolution of hunters to head south. A.lmost to a man, before short-rangeweapon, but then elephanthunting is the brasscartridge caseand the jacketed bullet, boarding ship for the Cape,they would visit their a short-rangeproposition. As breechloaderswere and most important, the development of favourite London sunmaker and order the tools refined, and centrefiretechnology was perfected, K{}; -t' l::. tot]r$ess "#:WJ" # $t Thefamous .500 Nin'o Expresscartridges the gunmakers developed cartridges like the .577 blackporvder. the word "nirro" n'as added, '!7ith and .500 Express. blackpowder and lead denoting the nitrocellulose and nrtroglvcerin base bullets, however, rhese were suitable only for the of the new propellanr. In technical terms, "Nitro big cars and large antelope, not lor elephant and Express" means "smokelessand fasi' and bv the rhe like. standards of the dav, rhev certainly rvere. Generally, blackpowder elephant guns were In the breechloading blackporvder era. several classified like shotguns, with bore diameter calibres became standard. The.i77 was one; equated to the diameter of a lead ball, numbering others included the .400, .4j0, and .i00. Nor so many to the pound. A l2-bore (12-gauge) is surprisinglr', although there rvere perhaps a dozen .729 inches, the same as a lead sphere weighing different cartridges, there *,as onlv a handful of one-nvelfth of a pound. A24-bore (24 balls to the basic cartridge cases from rvhich rhev were pound) is .577 diameter, and the.577 has been a formed. For example, there rvas both a.100 standard bore all along, from muzzleloader davs, Express and a .5771500; rhe latter rvas a .577 case through the earll' breechloaders,and is still made necked dou'n ro .500. There *.as a .4i0 Express, rooayas tne .) l\ttro Lxpre\\. and a.4501.400. It rvassimpler for ail cor-rcerned The "express", term when applied to cartridges, to start rvith one basic case rvith standard head was derived from the last trains that transformed dimensions and rvork lrom rhere. \(/hr. reinvent travel in the late 1800s.James Purdey applied it to the wheel? This is an important principle to one of that company's small-bore blackpowder remember as\\'e mo\re into rhe era of the big Nirro cartridges, to emphasiseits high velocity. Soon rhe Express cartridges, because ir explains much of name was being attached to any high-velociw what happened later. cartridge. \7hen smokeless powder replaced Rigbv's .450 NE N.asan insrant sensation, and Ammunition '45.70.403 }'IARLIN AND \'vINCHESTER '500/'450 No. I NITRO 50)' laf reFalit& drd siogie{hol rillet, ctc- li$ boxs of'l(}), I"or lllnox Pawot* F:{l)r($ ritles {in lxrxr* cf 5 ard parceb o1 ldsll ol .5€, ?1'. '(}5 57 gs. Black F{'Nd.t, gr. l,cad, Sitiitt ituilet, .450 NITRO.EXPRESS 4: {rs. tittrokcl&\ prnvdcr' 3{i5gr. Nlrlal'boscd' Sdlicl or tl)pFn"rubd billkl' lir'llx'riing !ili$ {ir hxs ol 5 rnd parrrit ol Sl}). Li:ryih of r$c, :11' |ilil') \.i{ot in ltodilttiltn- \tnililtb ortb alib i)tkt gr. S{,tid. liofLnixaal' S}}lil 70 tF- Strdkela* prwdcr, 4{i0 Nrrlll(t}v.Yed. '500/'450 ot Wrstlcr Richardr' Olppcd t,olict- No. I BLACK POWDER FXPRESS ol ll{"" lin spoiling fifles 1it1 hoxrs of 5 and pnrccls ol 50l. l'crgth cac' .450N rTRO for tJL\ck ll)wDiR Iixpr.rs ri{]$ liil i)o\(s (,f:r ard l,ar':cis ol :01- l.rngth d.asr, 3l'. ()'pper'tubr:d hrllct' I l0eri, ttl&:k lprtler. ?7t) gr' h'ad. I l(l gr{. l}ldck lnNd,:t. i}liJ sr' Inard. Solid hulld' 5: grc. Snrokclss powdfr. 365 gr. f1{t{l.lt;Nd. Solid or lbppcr'iulrcd bulk1, .450 BLACK POWDER EXPRESS '500/'450 MAGNUM NITRO'EXPRTSS ror sporting riRff (in lbxes of li and pattrts ol 50i. 1,.'rgl[ ol cat, :]{'. ': fi.u $poflitts rill$ iil hox* ol ard Jraret:ls ol 50)' l'cDgth ol 'aq:' :il" 120grs. lllack potder, !70 gr. L(ad. Qtppcr-tuhrd bollct l!0grs. lllack powder,3l0gr, L.ad. solid bull{, Soli-nGcd' $Plil 120gr$. tllack po$ilr, 32:i qr. l,erd, ft'ppct-tubed btri'(l 75 grs. S'nok.l(ss p('wdHl'ft{) sf. lltrtal-corrrtcl, Solid. 120grs. Elack powdcr, il$5 gr. l,cad' lioli.i bullcr' or Wstk'v lli(harls CapFd Lulhr. its ballisticsbecame the standardby which all tigers, but not so widely used in Africa. It was proprietary,which is to saythat only the inventing otherswould be - and to a great extent still are- seriously underpowered for elephant. It used a gunmaker offered them, and you purchasedyour judged.The .450 firesa 480-grainbullet at 2150 straight, rimmed case3112" long. ammunition from him. Regardlessof the nameon feet per second, for a mvLzle energy of 4930 As the Nitro Express concept took hold, the box, however,most ammunition was made by foot/pounds.The caseis straight,slightly tapered, someone (and no one now has any idea who) took Eley Brothers or Kynoch, which later merged to with a rim. Originally, it had been a blackpowder the old blackpowder round, loaded it with cordite becomeEley-Kynoch. Non-proprietary cartridges cartridge,but with cordite powder (the traditional and a 570-grain bullet, and called it the .500 were available direct from the ammunition English double-basesmokeless powder extruded Nitro Express. Around the same time, someone makers. into long strands,hence the name) the ballistics else did likewise with the old .577 blackpowder The transition from blackpowderto smokeless were transformed.This was a rifle that, as John round. Suddenly, there were three distinct power was not without problems. Not all the existing Taylor wrote 50 years later, would "handle any levels to be had in a cordite elephant rifle: the casescould safely be loaded with cordite. The animal under any conditions".The day of the .450s, at around 5 000 ft.lbs. energy, the .500 at brasson many of them was paper-thin, because single-shotblackpowder behemoth was over.
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