Indian Railways Facts & Figures 2015-16

INDIAN RAILWAYS

FACTS & FIGURES 2015-16

BHARAT SARKAR GOVERNMENT OF INDIA RAIL MANTRALAYA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS (RAILWAY BOARD)

KEY STATISTICS 2015-16 1. Route Length (Kms.) - Broad Gauge (1.676 M.) 60,510 - Metre Gauge (1.000 M.) 3,880 - Narrow Gauge 2,297 (0.762 M. and 0.610 M.) Total 66,687 2. Double and Multiple Track - Broad Gauge 21,237 (Route Kms.) - Metre Gauge - Total 21,237 3. Electrified Track (Route Kms.) - Broad Gauge 23,555 - Metre Gauge - Total 23,555 4. Number of Railway Stations 7,216 5. Number of Railway Bridges 1,40,919 6. Traffic Volume Passengers Originating (Millions) 8,107 Passenger Kms. ,, 1,143,039 Tonnes Originating (Rev. Traffic) (Millions Tonnes) 1,101.51 Tonne Kms. (Millions) 654,481 7. Number of Employees (Thousands) 1331 8. Revenue (` in Millions) 1,643,335 9. Expenses (` in Millions) 1,478,359 10. Rolling Stock - Locomotives: - Steam 39 - Diesel 5,869 - Electric 5,214 Total 11,122 - Passenger Carriages 63,342 - Freight Cars/Wagons 2,51,256 Note : All the figures, unless otherwise stated, are as at the end of the fiscal year i.e. March 31, 2016. CONTENTS Review of the year 5 Originating Passengers & Average Lead 6 Passenger Kilometres 7 Passenger Services 8 Passenger Revenue 9 Freight Operations — Originating Tonnage 10 — Net Tonne Kms. 11 — Freight Train & Wagon Kms. 12 — Commodity wise Loading 13 — Commodity wise NTKms. 14 — Average Lead 15 — Revenue 16 — Commodity wise Earnings 17 Rolling Stock — Locomotives 18 — Passenger Coaches 19 — Freight Cars/Wagons 20 Track/Route Kilometres 21 Gross Tonne Kilometres 22 Electrification 23 Signalling 24 Telecommunication 25 Personnel 26 Revenue 27 Expenses 28 Net Revenue & Excess/Shortfall 29 Assets 30 Asset Utilisation 31 Engine Kms. per Day per Engine in use 32 Social Service Obligation 33 Tourism 34 Technology Development 39 International Cooperation 41 REVIEW OF THE YEAR 2015-16 In 2015-16 Indian Railways (IR) lifted 1,108.62 million tonnes of total freight, the bulk comprising revenue-earning traffic of 1,101.51 million tonnes (excluding 2.69 million tonnes of Konkan Railway). The transport output in terms of Net Tonne Kilometres (NTKms.) was 656 billion. 8,107 million ‘originating’ passengers generated 1,143 billion passenger kms. Earnings from passenger traffic was ` 442.83 billion and from freight ` 1,069.41 billion. The year ended with an excess of ` 105.06 billion in spite of increased working expenses and payment of Productivity Linked Bonus to employees. Construction of 813 kms. of new lines was completed and 2,794 kms. of track renewals carried out. Also, 1,042 kms. of track was converted from NG/MG to BG and opened to traffic. IR made good progress in indigenous manufacture of rolling stock and other vital stores during 2015-16. The production of locos/coaches in 2015-16 was:

Production Unit Product Details Electric locos Diesel locos Coaches (BG) (BG) 1. Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, Chittaranjan 280 2. Diesel Locomotive Works, Varanasi 330 3. Integral Coach Factory, Chennai 1,997 4. Rail Coach Factory, Kapurthala 1,603 5. Modern Coach Factory Raebareli 330 Electrification of 1,730 route kms. was completed in 2015-16.

5 ORIGINATING PASSENGERS & AVERAGE LEAD The number of passengers originating and average distance travelled per passenger for some selected years are given below: Passengers originating (Millions) Year Suburban Non- Total Suburban 1980-81 2,000 1,613 3,613 1990-91 2,259 1,599 3,858 2000-01 2,861 1,972 4,833 2010-11 4,061 3,590 7,651 2014-15 4,505 3,719 8,224 2015-16 4,459 3,648 8,107

average distance travelled per passenger (Kms.) Year Suburban Non- Total Suburban 1980-81 20.5 103.9 57.7 1990-91 26.4 147.6 76.6 2000-01 31.1 186.7 94.6 2010-11 33.8 234.4 127.9 2014-15 33.7 267.7 139.5 2015-16 32.6 273.5 141.0

6 passenger kilometres In 2015-16 the passenger kms. rose by 448% over those in 1980-81.

Passenger KMS. (Millions) Year Suburban Non- Total Suburban 1980-81 41,086 167,472 208,558 1990-91 59,578 236,066 295,644 2000-01 88,872 368,150 457,022 2010-11 137,127 841,381 978,508 2014-15 151,775 995,415 1,147,190 2015-16 145,253 997,786 1,143,039

7 passenger services Passenger services measured in terms of train Kms., vehicle Kms. and density of train services are shown below: Suburban Non-Suburban Train kms. per (Millions) (Millions) running track km. per day Year Train Vehicle Train Vehicle Sub- Non- Kms. Kms. Kms. Kms. urban suburban 1980-81 35.55 601.5 258 5,582 36.6 9.7 1990-91 48.37 840.7 316 7,739 40.0 11.5 2000-01 56.04 1,029.5 397 11,035 47.1 13.8 2010-11 73.25 1,438.5 582 18,207 46.7 19.2 2014-15 85.81 1,942.0 674 22,869* 45.8 21.6 2015-16 86.81 1,970.0 684 23,358 47.4 21.6 *revised

IRCTC Food Plaza at Arsikere Railway Station, SWR

8 passenger revenue Passenger revenue has been steadily increasing, though it formed only about 27.04% of the total earnings of the Railways in 2015-16. Passenger revenue (` in millions) Year Suburban Non- Total Suburban 1980-81 905.2 7,369.5 8,274.7 1990-91 3,569.8 27,877.4 31,447.2 2000-01 10,911.4 93,920.2 104,831.6 2010-11 17,862.8 239,193.6 257,056.4 2014-15 24,932.2 396,963.9 421,896.1 2015-16 25,752.2 417,080.4 442,832.6

9 freight operation 1. originating tonnage The Revenue-earning originating tonnage rose from 195.9 million tonnes in 1980-81 to 1,101.51 million tonnes in 2015-16 while the total originating freight rose from 220 million tonnes to 1,108.62 million tonnes during the same period. (Million tonnes) Originating tonnage Year Revenue-earning Total traffic* traffic 1980-81 195.9 220.0 1990-91 318.4 341.4 2000-01 473.5 504.2 2010-11 921.73 926.43 2014-15 1,095.26 1,101.09 2015-16 1,101.51 1,108.62 * Excludes loading of Konkan Railway.

10 2. net tonne kms. The freight carried in terms of Net Tonne Kms. has increased by 314% over that carried in 1980-81. Net Tonne Kms. (Millions) Year Revenue-earning Total traffic traffic 1980-81 147,652 158,474 1990-91 235,785 242,699 2000-01 312,371 315,516 2010-11 625,723 626,473 2014-15 681,696 682,612 2015-16 654,481 655,605

11 3. freight train & wagon kms. The freight train kms. in 2015-16 totalled 393 millions, an average of 11.69 train kms. per running track km. per day. Wagon kms. were 18,708 millions, of which 64.0% were on loaded journeys.

Freight train kms. wagon kms. Year Total Per running + Total Percentage (Millions) track km. (Millions) of loaded per day to total 1980-81 199 7.2 12,165 69.5 1990-91 245 8.5 19,230 65.5 2000-01 261 8.7 27,654 60.9 2010-11 368 11.6 17,749 66.5 2014-15 402 12.1 18,930 65.2 2015-16 393 11.69 18,708 64.0 + in term of 8-wheelers from 2008-09 onwards

Coal loaded BOXN Rake on run

12 4. commodity-wise loading The commodity-wise break-up of revenue-earning originating traffic is given below:

COMMODITY-wise originating tonnage (Millions)

Bulk 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Commodities Coal 496.42 508.06 545.81 551.83 Iron Ores 111.41 124.27 112.77 116.94 Cement 105.87 109.80 109.80 105.35 Mineral Oils 40.61 41.16 41.09 43.24 Foodgrains 49.03 55.10 55.47 45.73 Fertilisers 46.21 44.70 47.41 52.23 Iron & Steel 35.31 38.95 42.84 44.79 Limestone & Dolomite 19.64 20.71 21.20 23.53 Stones other than marble (incl. gypsum) 11.77 11.61 14.98 15.04 Total 916.27 954.36 991.37 998.68 Commodities other than above 91.82 97.28 103.89 102.83 Grand Total 1,008.09 1,051.64 1,095.26 1,101.51

13 5. commodity-wise NTKms. The commodity-wise break-up of NTKms. is given below:

COMMODITY-wise NTKms. (Billions)

Bulk 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Commodities Coal 276.18 271.92 301.52 280.70 Iron Ores 38.04 37.22 36.74 32.42 Cement 60.78 60.50 59.08 55.96 Mineral Oils 28.08 29.74 27.22 29.32 Foodgrains 63.82 70.54 66.98 60.13 Fertilisers 39.04 34.50 38.75 43.70 Iron & Steel 33.56 34.95 37.38 40.44 Limestone & Dolomite 11.76 12.20 12.96 13.06 Stones other than marble (incl.gypsum) 5.80 5.79 7.89 7.42 Total 557.06 557.36 588.53 563.15 Commodities other than above 92.59 108.45 93.17 91.33 Grand Total 649.65 665.81 681.70 654.48

14 6. average lead The average lead in kms. of revenue-earning freight traffic over the years was as below:

Year Average lead of revenue- Index earning freight traffic (1980-81=100) (Kms.) 1980-81 754 100.0 1990-91 741 98.3 2000-01 660 87.5 2010-11 679 90.1 2014-15 622 82.5 2015-16 594 78.8

15 7. Revenue The revenue earned from freight traffic has registered a sustained increase from `15,509 millions in 1980-81 to `1,069,406 millions in 2015-16.

Year Revenue* Revenue per tonne km. (` in millions) (Paise) 1980-81 15,509 10.50 1990-91 82,470 35.00 2000-01 230,454 73.78 2010-11 606,871 96.99 2012-13* 834,788 128.50 2014-15 1,031,002 151.24 2015-16 1,069,406 163.40 * Excludes other goods earnings like wharfage, demurrage etc.

16 8. Commodity-wise earnings Revenue earned from various commodities is given below:

Commodity-Wise Revenue Earnings (` in millions)

Bulk 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Commodities Coal 358,944 391,444 479,385 493,497 Iron Ores 74,441 76,887 78,929 68,963 Cement 80,012 85,074 87,382 88,515 Mineral Oils 47,179 53,440 55,157 59,270 Foodgrains 69,852 79,975 81,383 77,543 Fertilisers 42,525 41,252 51,521 65,534 lron & Steel 48,458 55,969 65,444 71,823 Limestone & Dolomite 16,812 18,601 21,781 22,552 Stones other than marble (incl.gypsum) 8,828 8,499 12,172 12,928 Total 747,051 811,141 933,144 960,625 Commodities other than above 87,737 104,568 97,858 108,781 Grand Total 834,788 915,709 1,031,002 1,069,406

17 Rolling Stock Locomotives With increasing reliance on dieselisation and electrification, IR has been reducing its fleet of steam locomotives. Number of locomotives Broad Gauge Metre Gauge Total (including NG) Year Steam Diesel Elec. Steam Diesel Elec. Steam Diesel Elec. 1980-81 4,361 1,866 1,016 2,763 470 20 7,469 2,403 1,036 1990-91 1,295 2,893 1,723 1,482 731 20 2,915 3,759 1,743 2000-01 – 3,881 2,791 33 657 19 54 4,702 2,810 2010-11 – 4,688 4,033 30 310 – 43 5,137 4,033 2014-15 – 5,375 5,016 30 203 – 43 5,716* 5,016* 2015-16 – 5,585 5,214 26 172 – 39 5,869 5,214 * revised

18 Passenger Coaches The number of coaches and their capacity has grown over the years keeping in view the increasing passenger demand. Emu Conventional Other Coaches# Coaches Coaching Year No. Capacity+ No.@ Capacity Vehicles$ 1980-81 2,625 5,00,607 27,478 16,95,127 8,230 1990-91 3,142 6,09,042 28,701 18,64,136 6,668 2000-01 4,526 8,59,701 33,258 23,72,729 4,731 2010-11 7,292 13,64,948 45,082 32,54,555 6,500 2014-15 8,571* 15,45,929* 51,838* 37,27,998* 7,000 2015-16 8,805 15,93,268 53,132 37,75,340 6,899 + Includes standing accommodation. @ Includes rail cars. $ Includes luggage vans, mail vans etc. # Includes number of DEMU/DHMU coaches and their capacity. * revised

Double Decker Coaches on Konkan Railway.

19 Freight Cars/wagons The total number of freight cars including brake vans and railway service wagons in 2015-16 was 251,256. No. of freight cars/wagons Year Broad Gauge Metre Gauge Total (incl. N.G.) 1980-81 309,194 86,839 400,946 1990-91 284,362 58,576 346,102 2000-01 205,959 15,294 222,193 2010-11 225,259 4,538 229,997 2014-15 250,713* 3,149* 254,018* 2015-16 248,721 2,412 251,256 * revised

2,54,018 2,51,256

20 Track/route Kilometres The total route kilometres as on 31.3.2016 was 66,687 Kms. Out of this, 31.85% is double/multiple track.

Total route kilometres Year BG MG NG Total 1980-81 31,827 25,167 4,246 61,240 1990-91 34,880 23,419 4,068 62,367 2000-01 44,776 14,987 3,265 63,028 2010-11 55,188 6,809 2,463 64,460 2014-15 58,825 4,908 2,297 66,030 2015-16 60,510 3,880 2,297 66,687

Double/multiple track % of Total Route Kms. Route Kms. 1980-81 13,040 21.3 1990-91 14,331 23.0 2000-01 16,010 25.4 2010-11 19,223 29.82 2014-15 20,633 31.25 2015-16 21,237 31.85

21 Gross tonne kilometres Percentage of gross tonne kms. by types of traction, is given below:

Passenger

Year Steam Diesel Electric Loco EMU 1980-81 41.2 33.0 17.2 8.6 1990-91 15.1 47.1 29.5 8.3 2000-01 – 52.8 40.2 7.0 2010-11 _ 49.3 44.9 5.8 2014-15 – 47.7* 44.1* 8.2* 2015-16 – 45.7 45.5 8.8

* revised

Freight Year Steam Diesel Electric 1980-81 9.0 67.0 24.0 1990-91 0.8 57.8 41.4 2000-01 – 40.2 59.8 2010-11 _ 35.7 64.3 2014-15 _ 35.2 64.8 2015-16 _ 34.9 65.1

22 Electrification The length of electrified route Kms. on IR for some selected years is: Year Total Route Route Kms. % age of Kms. electrified electrified to total route kms. 1980-81 61,240 5,345 8.73 1990-91 62,367 9,968 15.98 2000-01 63,028 14,856 23.57 2010-11 64,460 19,607 30.41 2014-15 66,030 22,224 33.66 2015-16 66,687 23,555 35.32 Note: Data based on Annual Statistical Statement No. 8

23 Signalling To increase Efficiency and to enhance Safety in train operations, Advanced Signalling System with Route Relay/Panel/Electronic Interlocking (PI/RRI/EI) along with Multi Aspect Colour Light Signals have been progressively provided at 5,393 stations about 86% of Broad Gauge stations of Indian Railways, replacing Outdated Multi Cabin Mechanical Signalling system involving a large number of human interfaces. Comparative position of each item as on March 31, 2016 vis-à-vis last year is as follows: (in units) Installation As on As on 31.3.2015 31.3.2016 Panel Interlocking (No. of stations) 4,195 4,107 Electronic Interlocking (No. of stations) 842 1,005 Route Relay Interlocking (No. of stations) 280 281 LED Lit Signals (No. of stations) 5,599 5,732 Data Loggers (No. of stations) 5,460 5,587 Colour Light Signalling (No. of stations) 5,772 5,832 Last Vehicle Check by Axle Counters (No. of 4,585 4,640 Block Sections) Track Circuiting (No. of locations) 31,073 31,737 Automatic Block Signalling (Route 2,715 2,752 kilometres) Intermediate Block Signalling (No. of Block 475 489 Sections) Interlocked Level Crossings Gates (Nos.) 10,513 10,776

24 Telecommunication IR has a vast telecom network which is being continuously upgraded to cater to the requirements of voice and data traffic for administrative/ operational /safety purposes and for various on-line information systems. Reliability of the network is being enhanced by commissioning optical fibre cable and quad cable based communication systems. The progress of installation of telecom equipment on IR is given below: Important Telecom assets are tabulated below:-

As on As on Installation Units 31.03.2015 31.03.2016 Optical Fibre Cable Rkms 48,293 49,434 Quad Cable Rkms 55,376 58,980 Railway Telephone Subscribers Lines Nos. 3,95,816 3,95,816 No. of Control Sections provided with Dual Tone 322 322 Nos. Multiple Frequency (DTMF) control equipment Mobile Train Radio communication System (Route kms.):- GSM (R) based Rkms 2,461 2,461 TETRA based Rkms 53 53 Digital Microwave (7 GHz) Rkms 2,091 1,852 Public Address System Nos. of 4,638 4,780 Stations Train Display Boards Nos. of 1,090 1,090 Stations Coach Guidance System Nos. of 530 534 Stations VHF Sets 5 Watt sets (Hand held) Nos. 1,41,976 1,45,947 25 Watt sets (At Stations) Nos. 9,057 9,461 V-SAT Nos. 1,068 1,117 Railnet Connections Nos. 1,20,652 1,30,185 UTS/PRS Circuits Nos. 10,470 10,760 FOIS Circuits Nos. 2,186 2,209 NGN & Exchange Circuits Nos. 2,429 2,429

25 Personnel The strength of railway employees together with the cost is shown below:

Year No. of staff Wage bill Average Traffic (000) (` in annual wage unit per millions) (`) per employee employee# (ooo)@ 1980-81 1,572.2 13,167 8,435 244 1990-91 1,651.8 51,663 31,864 346 2000-01 1,545.3 188,414 121,281 535 2010-11 1,332.0 517,766 394,112 1,291 2014-15 1,326.3* 847,515* 651,376* 1,473* 2015-16 1,331.4 929,851 718,147 1,442

# On the basis of average number of staff employed in the year. @ Traffic unit represents passenger kilometres and net tonne kilometres (Taking into account open line staff only). * revised

26 Revenue IR revenues have steadily gone up and were ` 1,643,335.1 millions in 2015-16 recording an increase of 4.86% over the previous year. Revenue (` in millions) Year Passenger Parcels Freight Misc. Suspense Gross and other (Bills Traffic Coaching Receivable) Receipts

1980-81 8,274.7 1,157.1 16,175.2 820.8 (–)187.6 26,240.2 1990-91 31,475.0 3,363.8 84,078.7 2,417.6 (–)370.2 120,964.9 2000-01 105,150.7 7,641.6 233,051.0 7,032.5 (–)4,071.0 348,804.8 2010-11 257,056.4 24,698 628,447.2 34,182.7 (+)101.7 945,356.3 2014-15 421,896.1 39,978.9 1,057,913.4 50,927.4 (–) 3,610.4 1,567,105.4 2015-16 442,832.6 43,714.9 1,092,076.5 59,285.5 (+)5,425.6 1,643,335.1

27 Expenses (` in millions) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Genl. Superintendence 51,722.3 55,854.3 60,225.6 61,162.9 Repairs & Maintenance 257,999.7 289,594.3 317,625.5 336,777.0 Operating Expenses 446,134.6 540,234.7 574,451.5 562,132.8 Staff welfare 45,753.6 52,420.8 59,609.1 52,960.7 Misc. Wkg. Exp. 40,232.2 43,246.3 51,399.4 56,119.8 Suspense (-)1,684.2 -2795.2 (-)3,610.4 5,425.6 Total Ordy. Wkg. Exp. 840,120.4 975,707.6 1,059,958.8 1,077,359.3 Contribution to Funds 275,600.0 327,500.0 370,000.0 401,000.0 Total Working Exp. 1,115,720.4 1,303,207.1 1,429,958.8 1,478,359.3 Other Misc. Exp. 9,932.0 11,440.9 11,828.8 13,152.0 Gross Wkg. Exp. 1,125,652.4 1,314,648.0 1,441,787.6 1,491,511.3

28 Net Revenue And excess/shortfall IR ended the year with a net excess of ` 105,059.7 millions.

(` in millions) Year Gross Total Net Net Divi- Excess(+)/ Traffic Working Misc. Reve- dend Short Receipts Expenses Receipts nue fall (–)

1980-81 26,240.2 25,364.6 399.3 1,274.9 3,253.6 (–) 1,978.7 1990-91 120,964.9 111,538.6 1,711.5 11,137.8 9,381.1 (+) 1,756.7 2000-01 348,804.8 346,673.4 8,580.9 10,712.3 3,076.4 (+) 7,635.9 2010-11 945,356 894,742 12,847.3 63,461.4 49,412 (+) 14,408.9 2014-15 1,567,105.4 1,429,958.8 31,238.3 168,384.9 91,735.5 (+)76,649.4 2015-16 1,643,335.1 1,478,359.3 27,309.0 192,284.8 87,225.1 (+)105,059.7

29 Assets The financial value of assets increased by 13.66% to` 4,876.66 billions during 2015-16 as compared with 2014-15. The fixed assets stood at ` 3,818.41 billions. (` in billion) Year Fixed Invest- Invest- Funds Current total Assets# ment ment with Assets Assets in other Central under Govt. takings 1980-81 69.35 3.85 1.29 18.02 4.21 96.72 1990-91 206.25 12.19 3.57 40.94 10.85 273.80 2000-01 603.69 22.08 7.64 115.16 29.78 778.35 2010-11 2,186.14 46.01 183.99 311.99 36.20 2,664.34 2014-15 3,258.92 174.59 254.07 543.36 59.53 4,290.47 2015-16 3,818.41 45.23 327.60 639.52 45.90 4,876.66 # Includes land, building, rolling stock, plant & equipment and miscellaneous assets.

Liabilities (` in billion) Year Loan Invest- Reserves Deposits Misc. total Capital ment from Liabili- Liabili- from other ties ties funds sources 1980-81 60.96 13.52 6.49 11.54 4.21 96.72 1990-91 161.26 60.75 10.47 30.47 10.85 273.80 2000-01 326.62 306.79 3.59 111.57 29.78 778.35 2010-11 1,116.14 1,200.01 3.42 308.56 36.20 2,664.34 2014-15 2,087.99 1,599.59 68.73 474.63 59.53 4,290.47 2015-16 2,424.74 1,766.50 108.07 531.45 45.90 4,876.66

30 Asset Utilisation IR has been highly successful in improving productivity of its assets in 2015-16. Some important indices for Broad Gauge are given below: 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2014-15 2015-16 Wagon kms. per wagon per day (+) 73.4 110.5 179.0 220.0* 214.5 Net tonne kms. (millions) per route km. 4.34 6.30 6.96 11.60 10.83 NTKms. per wagon per day (+) 986 1,407 2,042 8,113* 7,510 Passenger kms. (millions) per route km. 5.15 7.12 9.49 19.24 18.66 NTKms. per engine hour 6,295 10,393 12,850 18,605* 17,506 (+) From 2009-10 onward figures in terms of 8-wheelers * revised

15-car EMU rake

31 Engine kilometres per day per engine in use Engine kilometres per day per engine in use for goods and passenger services are given below:

Goods Year Broad Gauge Metre Gauge Steam Diesel Electric Steam Diesel Electric

1980-81 89 303 274 107 276 206 1990-91 52 445 398 88 399 224 2000-01 – 398 450 18 345 203 2010-11 – 384 478 – 102 – 2014-15 – 381* 414* – 152* – 2015-16 – 367 380 – 65 – * revised Passenger

Year Broad Gauge Metre Gauge Steam Diesel Electric Steam Diesel Electric 1980-81 210 610 453 199 541 405 1990-91 189 673 482 185 569 382 2000-01 – 577 542 36 447 385 2010-11 – 594 671 34 390 – 2014-15 – 605* 712* 29 361 – 2015-16 – 607 662 29 364 – *revised

32 Social Service obligation IR has been providing certain goods and passenger services at below the cost of operation. The losses accruing from such operations, which are justified for meeting wider socio-economic objectives, are termed as ‘Social Service Obligation’. The losses are:

(` in millions) 2015-16

– Loss on essential commodities carried below cost of operation 412 – Loss on coaching services (a) Non-suburban 307,181 (includes loss of ` 18,955 millions on uneconomic branch lines) (b) Suburban 52,003 Total loss 359,596

– Net social service obligation 270,266 (excluding staff welfare and law & order costs of ` 89,330 million)

33 Tourism

Indian Railway is the prime mover of tourism in the country by connecting various tourist destinations across the country by rail. In addition, it has taken several initiatives to promote tourism in the country like operation of tourist train services on popular tourist circuits in different regions of the country offering tour packages inclusive of rail travel, local transportation, accommodation, onboard services like catering, off board services like conducted tours etc. The important train services offering package tours are (i) Luxury Tourist trains, (ii) Buddhist Special trains, (iii) Bharat Darshan trains, (iv) Pilgrim Tourist trains, (v) Value Added Tour Packages and (v) Steam train.

Luxury Tourist trains Indian Railway has been operating the luxury tourist train Palace on Wheels since 1982; 4 more trains on similar lines have been added over the years. All these trains are fully air-conditioned and self sufficient to take care of its requirements for its mostly one week journey and also shorter trips. Each train is developed on different themes, based on the culture and heritage of India. Each train takes care of modern amenities and comforts. The train comprises saloons of different types, multi cuisine restaurants, lounge, Bar / Mini Bar, Gym, Spa, Conference room etc. On board facilities include individual temperature control, TV, Wifi internet, telephone, piped music, CCTV, money changer, laundry etc; the facilities may slightly vary from train to train. Generally, these trains operate on around 15 different itineraries, covering a number of major tourist attractions of the country on weekly trips or shorter duration trips. The trains offer all inclusive package covering transportation, accommodation, food, site seeing and other

34 requirements during the trip, with individual attention. The trains are also available for charter trips on desired itineraries.

Luxury Tourist Trains on IR-At a Glance

Name of the Introduced Partner No. of Period of operation No. of days train in coaches 7 nights / September/ October 8 days and 2010 IRCTC 23 to March / April 3 nights/4 next year days New Delhi-Agra-Sawai Madhopur- Jaipur-Bikaner- Itinerary 1 Maharajas’ Jodhpur-Udaipur-Sevalia-Mumbai Express Mumbai- Bhusawal-Udaipur- Jodhpur-Bikaner- Jaipur- Itinerary 2 Sawai Madhopur-Fatehpur Sikri-Agra-New Delhi New Delhi-Jaipur-Sawai Madhopur-Fatehpur Sikri-.Agra- Itinerary 3 Gwalior-Khajuraho-Varanasi-Lucknow-New Delhi Itinerary 4 New Delhi-Agra-Sawai Madhopur-Jaipur-New Delhi September/ October RTDC / 22 7 nights / 8 1982 to March / April Palace on Rajasthan days next year Wheel New Delhi-Jaipur-Sawal Madhopur-Chittaurgarh-Udaipur- Itinerary Jaisalmer-Jodhpur-Bharatpur-Agra-New Delhi September/ October KSTDC / 7 nights / 8 2008 18 to March / April Karnataka days next year Golden Bengaluru-Mysore-Hassan-Hospet-Badami-Goa-Bengaluru Chariot Itinerary 1 Bengaluru- Chennai- Pondicherry-Thanjavur-Madurai- Itinerary 2 Trivandrum- Alleppey-Ernakulam-Bengaluru September/ October RTDC / 7 nights- 8 Royal 2009 22 to March / April Rajasthan days Rajasthan next year on Wheels New Delhi-Jodhpur-Udaipur-Chittaurgarh-Sawai Itinerary Madhopur-Jaipur-Khajuraho-Varanasi-Agra-New Delhi

35 Name of the Introduced Partner No. of Period of operation No. of days train in coaches September/ October 7nights /8 MTDC / 2004 21 to March / April days and Maharashtra next year shorter ones Mumbai-Nasik Road/ Devlali-Aurangabad/ Daulatabad- Itinerary 1 Jalgaon-Kolhapur-Madgaon-Ratnagiri- Mumbai Mumbai-Vadodara/Viswamitri-Palitana-Virawal-Virangam- Itinerary 2 Patan-Nasik Road /Devlali-Mumbai Mumbai-Vadodara/ Vishwmitri-Udaipur-Jodhpur-Agra- Deccan Itinerary 3 Sawai Madhopur-Jaipur-Delhi Odyssey Delhi-Sawai Madhopur-Agra-Jaipur-Udaipur-Vadodara/ Itinerary 4 Vishwamitri-Aurangabad/ Daulatabad-Mumbai Mumbai-Bijapur-Badami/ Bagalkot-Hospet-Hyderabad- Itinerary 5 Aurangabad/Daulatabad-Jalgaon-Mumbai Mumbai-Aurangabad/ Daulatabad-Ramtek-Chandrapur- Itinerary 6 Jalgaon-Nasik Road-Mumbai Mumbai-Aurangabad/Daulatabad-Jalgaon-Nasik Road- Itinerary 7 Mumbai For details please visit following websites: 1. www.irctctourism.com / www.the-maharajas.com (For Maharajas’ Express) 2. www.rtdc.in (For Palace on Wheels and Royal Rajasthan on Wheels) 3. www.maharashtratourism.gov.in (For Deccan Odyssey) 4. www.goldenchariot.org (For Golden Chariot)

Buddhist Special Train The Buddhist Circuit Special Train (Mahaparinirvan Express) offers an all inclusive 7 nights / 8 days package covering major destinations related to the life of Lord Buddha and also includes hotel stay and local sightseeing. The itinerary starts from and terminates at New Delhi and covers Bodhgaya, Rajgir, Nalanda, Varanasi, Sarnath, Kushinagar, Lumbini, Sravasti and Agra. It operates from Delhi during September to April next year, as per demand. For details please visit website www. irctctourism.com.

36 Semi-luxury train To meet the demand of high end Indians and International tourists for a tourist train, semi-luxury trains are introduced in 2015-16 to bridge the gap between Luxury Tourist Trains and Budget tourist trains. The service was operated on two circuits i.e. Desert Circuit (Delhi- Jaisalmer- Jodhpur- Jaipur- Delhi) and Heritage Circuit (Delhi- Varanasi- Khajuraho- Agra- Delhi). The inaugural trip of Desert Circuit Train was operated on 13.12.2015 whereas the inaugural trip of Heritage Circuit Train was operated on 30.12.2015 utilising Buddhist Special rake. For details please visit website www.irctctourism.com. Bharat Darshan Trains A special train, to enable common man to visit the places of Tourism/ Religious/ Historical importance in the country, at an affordable price. The packages include rail travel, local transportation, meals, and sightseeing at economical rates. The train operates throughout the year on different itineraries decided from time to time, as per demand. During the year 2015-16, 73 trips of Bharat Darshan train have been operated with 36,988 passengers. State Special Tourist Trains Indian Railways, in association with IRCTC also operate Special Tourist Trains on behalf of a few State Governments like Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Punjab, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh against payment of Full Tariff Rates on the circuits requested by the State Governments concerned. These Special tourist trains cover various pilgrimage destinations in the country such as Vaishno Devi, Ajmer, Shirdi, Tirupati, Rameshwaram, Dwarka, Somnath, Shikharji, Amritsar, Shravanbalgola, Valankini etc. During the year 2015-16, 185 trips have been operated under the scheme with 1,76,439 passengers. Pilgrim Special Trains These trains have been introduced recently on special Pilgrim Circuits like Devi circuit, Jyotirling circuit, Jain circuit, Christian circuit,

37 Muslim/Sufi circuit, Sikh circuit, Buddhist circuit, Famous Temple circuit etc. on the pattern of Bharat Darshan trains. These operate on different circuits, decided from time to time as per demand, throughout the year, offering all inclusive tour packages. During the year 2015-16, 11 pilgrim special trains were operated. Steam Train A steam train from Delhi to Alwar with a stopover at Rewari is operated for the steam enthusiasts. It operates on every 2nd and 4th Saturday for a two-day trip from Delhi to Alwar and back during October to April next year, as per demand, offering all inclusive packages. It also operates one-day trip between Delhi and Rewari and Back. Value Added Tour Packages A number of Value Added Tour Packages, on the lines of tourist trains, are also available for smaller groups of passengers by utilizing accommodation on regular trains. During the year 2015-16, 77 Rail Tour packages were operated. Indrail Passes To explore the splendor of multi-faceted India, Indrail Passes provide excellent value for money and enhance the charm of holidays for visitors from abroad. It offers the visitors the facility of unrestricted travel over the entire Indian Railway system within the period of validity of the pass. ` Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) IRCTC, the tourism arm of IR, mostly through its tourism portal www.irctctourism.com, provides one-stop solution to almost every passenger travel and tourism requirements – tourist trains/coaches, educational tours, rail / land based tour packages, charter trains / coaches, hill charters, cab rental, LTC schemes, inbound / outbound packages, hotel bookings, train / air bookings, corporate travel services etc.

38 Technology Development RDSO is the sole R&D organisation of Indian Railways(IR) and functions as the technical advisor to Railway Board, Zonal Railways and Production Units. One of the major roles that RDSO has played is that of developing and maintaining standards and specifications which ensure that all different technologies are able to work together as a system, in turn making it possible for IR to operate seamlessly without any technology limitations. RDSO also offers international consultancy services in matters pertaining to design, testing and inspection of some of the important activities and projects undertaken/completed by RDSO during the year 2015-16 are given below: Safety • Development of Digital Air Flow Sensor for Diesel Locomotive Application • Development of Indian Railway Tunnel Manual • Development of Train Protection & Warning System • Alterations in the Drawings for Improved SEJ • Advance Warning System (Radio & RFID Based) for Approaching Trains at Unmanned Level Crossing Gate Passenger Amenities • Development of Integrated Passenger Information System • Development of Integrated passenger information system (PIS) for mainline and EMU coaches • Development of under slung Diesel Alternator (DA) set for power car/SLR • Roof Mounted Ventilation Units (RMVUs) for 3 phase AC EMU of MRVC phase II project for Mumbai sub-urban services

39 Infrastructure • Issuance of Working Procedure for use of Nuclear Gauges to Facilitate Accelerated Construction of Embankments Operational Efficiency • Revised Load charts and Attacking Speed charts. • Development of Composite Sleeper. • Development of Level Crossing Gate Control & Monitoring System • Prototype Development of New Design High Capacity Parcel Wagon • Development of V-Belt Driven Permanent Magnet(PM) alternator for LHB and conventional coaches Indigenous Development • Development of OFC Based Backup Signalling Arrangement for Disaster Situations Like Itarsi RRI • Development of Common Rail Electronic Direct Injection System (CReDI) for ALCO • Development of Design for SEJ Over H-Beam Sleeper • Memorandum of Understanding with RTRI, Japan to promote cooperation in Railway Research & Development Tests and Trials • Development of Emission Tests on Diesel Locomotives: Emission Test car has been indigenously developed by Engine Development Directorate of RDSO to measure the key emissions of the locomotive of Indian Railways. • Testing of Biodiesel Blends as Traction Fuel

40 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

Indian Railways is conscious of the need to keep abreast with the latest technological developments and best international practices to capture the growth opportunities in freight and passenger business and provide the desired level of services to the customers. It is working in close cooperation with International Union of Railways (UIC), International Heavy Haul Association (IHHA), research Institutes and similar bodies to gain latest technical know-how to constantly upgrade its infrastructure and operations to World Standards. Ministry of Railways have signed Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) for technical cooperation in the rail sector with various foreign Governments and National Railways. The identified areas of cooperation inter alia include high speed corridors, speed raising of existing routes, development of world class stations, heavy haul operations and modernization of rail infrastructure, etc. The cooperation is achieved through exchange of information on developments in areas of railway technology & operations, knowledge sharing, technical visits, training and seminars and workshops in areas of mutual interest. During 2015-16, Ministry of Railways have signed MoUs/Protocol/ Joint Declaration of intent for technical cooperation in the rail sector with France, Canada, Kazakhstan, Slovak Republic, United Kingdom, Japan, Russia, Sweden, Germany.

IRCON INTERNATIONAL LIMITED (IRCON) Ircon International Limited (formally known as Indian Railway Construction Company Limited), a Mini Ratna and Schedule ‘A’ PSU, was incorporated on 28th April, 1976, mainly for the purpose of construction and development of Railway networks in India and abroad with Indian Railways’ expertise. The company diversified in other areas of work to Highways, Tunnels, Bridges, Flyovers, ROBs, Airport

41 Hangar & Runways, Metro rail and Buildings, EHV Transmission Line & Grid Sub-stations, Industrial Electrification, Signalling and Telecom Systems etc. and considering its major share of business from projects abroad, its name was changed to “Ircon International Limited” w.e.f. 17th October 1995. IRCON has established itself as one of the leading construction companies of the world during the last 40 years of its operations, with successful completion of about 376 infrastructure projects of national importance in India and 119 projects across the globe in over 24 countries. As per August 2016 edition of Engineering News Record (ENR) of USA, IRCON is among the only four Indian companies to make it to the list of top 250 International Contractors. Performance on Foreign Projects IRCON is actively engaged in infrastructure development in several Asian and African countries. Construction of double track line (93 Km) between Oued-Sly and Yellel of the Algiers-Oran line, Algeria. Construction of 2nd Bhairab Railway Bridge with Approach Rail Lines (Lot-A), Bangladesh. Installation of 2x20 MVA, 66/33 KV Sub-station including all associated works at Paro in Bhutan on Turnkey basis. Installation of Overhead Track Equipment, Traction & Auxiliary Power Supplies Sub-station and Signalling System for the Majuba Rail Project in South Africa. International Rail Connectivity Projects Taking the bilateral relationship with the country’s neighbours forward, IRCON is executing three Rail connectivity projects to Nepal and Bangladesh. Strategic Projects in India After recent commissioning of the most challenging section of the Jammu & Kashmir Railway network, involving the Pir Panjal

42 Railway Tunnel, IRCON is working to connect the remaining sections of the project to connect Katra with Banihal. IRCON has recently commissioned the longest Rail-cum-Road Bridge (4.556 Km) over the river Ganges at Patna. A world class Rail Coach Factory providing manufacturing/production of “State of the Art” Railway Coaches has been set up by IRCON for the Indian Railways at Rae Bareli. Awards & Recognition IRCON has bagged several awards & accolades during the last one year. Some of them are: Dun & Bradstreet Infra Awards 2015 in the categories of ‘Construction and Infrastructure Development (Railways)’ and ‘Best Construction Project–Rail cum Road bridge on river Ganga at Patna’. Dun & Bradstreet India’s Top PSUs Awards 2015 in the category of ‘Contract and Construction sector’ for its exemplary performance

RAIL INDIA TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC SERVICES LIMITED (RITES ) RITES, a Mini Ratna Enterprise, Schedule ‘A’ and an ISO 9001- 2008 certified multidisciplinary organisation of consultants, engineers and project managers in transport and infrastructure sectors, offers comprehensive services from concept to commissioning in railways, urban transport, highways, bridges, tunnels, ports, inland waterways, airports, ropeways, institutional buildings, renewable energy and export packages of rolling stock and railway related equipment. It has operational experience of 42 years in over 60 countries of SAARC, ASEAN, Africa, Latin America and Middle East region.

Projects: Some of the important assignments undertaken in the recent past include:

43 Overseas : Bhutan - Consultancy services for the construction of Cargo Complex, parallel taxiway and modification of old terminal building at PARO International Airport, Bhutan- Department of Air Transport, Govt. of Bhutan Gabon - EIA feasibility study for Mbigaou- Franceville new standard gauge railway line in Gabon-. Ministry of Economy, Commerce, Industry and Tourism, Govt of Gabon. Mozambique - Leasing of 16 locomotives- CFM, Maputo Myanmar - Supply of 18 YDM4 locomotives- Myanmar Railways Nepal - Construction. Supervision of Phase-I Terai Region Roads in Nepal – MEA, Govt.of India Rwanda: Feasibility study and design for expansion of Kamembe and Gisenyi airports- Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority.

Domestic Projects: At home, RITES is involved in mega transportation projects like dedicated freight corridors, metros, high speed rail studies, logistics parks, rail infrastructure and green energy etc. Turnkey projects from the Ministry of Railways, for the third line in Pendra Road- Anuppur section of Bilaspur division of South East Central Railway and Gooty- Dharmavaram doubling works for South Central Railway Greenfield airports at Gwalior and Singrauli, expansion of Shimla airport etc Developmental works of Inland Waterways Transport on major National Waterways of India