The URBAN PLANNING IN A STATE OF FLUX Series
In situXSJUDGLQJDQGSUHYHQWLRQRIVOXPV
&LWLHVZLWKRXW6OXPV6XEUHJLRQDO3URJUDPPH IRU(DVWHUQDQG6RXWKHUQ$IULFD
Slums - A consequence of inadequately planned and rapid urbanisation ,QWKHFLWLHVRIGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHVXUEDQLVDWLRQKDV EHFRPHYLUWXDOO\V\QRQ\PRXVZLWKVOXPIRUPDWLRQ 7KH81RSHUDWLRQDOGH¿QLWLRQRIDVOXPLVEDVHG RQWKHKRXVHKROGDVWKHEDVLFXQLWRIDQDO\VLV “A slum household is a group of individuals living under the same roof in an urban area who lack one RUPRUHRIWKHIROORZLQJ¿YHFRQGLWLRQV $FFHVV to water; access to sanitation; secure tenure; GXUDELOLW\RIKRXVLQJ VXI¿FLHQWOLYLQJDUHD´7KXV VOXPVFDQHLWKHUEHSODQQHG XVXDOO\GHJUDGHG LQQHUFLW\WHQHPHQWV RUXQSODQQHGVHWWOHPHQWV
3XEOLF DXWKRULWLHV UHVSRQVLEOH IRU XUEDQ ODQG DQG KRXVLQJ SROLFLHV KDYH QRW EHHQ DEOH WR PHHWWKHHYHULQFUHDVLQJGHPDQGIRUDIIRUGDEOH KRXVLQJ DQG VHUYLFHG ODQG LQ DGHTXDWH VFDOH Slum adjacent to planned settlement in Kisumu, Kenya 8UEDQSRYHUW\LVRQWKHLQFUHDVHDQGDJURZLQJ QXPEHU RI KRXVHKROGV FDQQRW DIIRUG KRXVLQJ WRH[LVWLQJXUEDQSODQQLQJSUDFWLFHVZKLFKKDYH LQ SODQQHG DQG VHUYLFHG VHWWOHPHQWV 6TXDWWHU SURYHQ WR EH LQHI¿FLHQW LQ DGGUHVVLQJ$IULFD¶V VHWWOHPHQWV DQG LQIRUPDO VXEGLYLVLRQV RQ XUEDQLVDWLRQSURFHVV7KH\LGHQWL¿HG³HTXLWDEOH SXEOLFRUSULYDWHODQGRIWHQRQKD]DUGRXVVLWHV DFFHVVWRODQGDGHTXDWHVKHOWHUWKHSURYLVLRQRI XQVXLWDEOH IRU UHVLGHQWLDO GHYHORSPHQW DUH D EDVLFVHUYLFHVSROLWLFDOZLOOGHFHQWUDOLVDWLRQJRRG GLUHFW UHVSRQVH WR WKH DEVHQFH RI SURSRRU JRYHUQDQFHWKHHPSRZHUPHQWRIQDWLRQDODQGORFDO XUEDQ SODQQLQJ DQG SURYLVLRQ RI DIIRUGDEOH DXWKRULWLHVWKHDGRSWLRQRILQFOXVLYHSURFHVVHVRI ODQG DQG KRXVLQJ WKURXJK IRUPDO SURFHVVHV PRELOLVLQJORFDOUHVRXUFHVDQGLQFOXVLYHGHFLVLRQ PDNLQJ SURFHVVHV DV EHLQJ IXQGDPHQWDO WR ,Q WKHUH ZHUH PLOOLRQ VOXP GZHOOHUV DQ\ VWUDWHJ\ WR SUHYHQW DQG XSJUDGH VOXPV´ ZRUOGZLGH RQH WKLUG RI WKH ZRUOG¶V XUEDQ SRSXODWLRQ ,I FXUUHQW WUHQGV FRQWLQXH WKH 7KH OLYLQJ DQG ZRUNLQJ FRQGLWLRQV LQ VOXPV DUH VOXP SRSXODWLRQ ZLOO UHDFK ELOOLRQ E\ FKDUDFWHULVHGE\DQXPEHURIGHSULYDWLRQVLQFOXGLQJ ODFNRIDGHTXDWHKRXVLQJZDWHUVDQLWDWLRQDQG 7KLVXQSUHFHGHQWHGVWDWHRIÀX[UHTXLUHVDQHZ EDVLFVRFLDOVHUYLFHV,QPDQ\LQVWDQFHVSHRSOH DSSURDFK WR XUEDQ SODQQLQJ 5HFHQWO\$IULFDQ OLYLQJ LQ VOXPV DUH QRW UHFRJQLVHG DV UHVLGHQWV 0LQLVWHUVGHGLFDWHGWKHLUZRUNWR¿QGLQJDOWHUQDWLYHV RIWKHFLW\DQGDUHDWSHUPDQHQWULVNRIHYLFWLRQ
7KH85%$13/$11,1*,1$67$7(2))/8;6HULHV Towards Sustainable Urbanisation
Urban planning was traditionally seen as a means to control and regulate the development of towns and cit- ies. In the cities of the developing world, however, traditional planning approaches have failed to address the challenges of rapid urbanisation and the poverty, exclusion, informality and vulnerability it brings in its wake.
This series of brochures illustrates how UN-HABITAT has applied urban planning and design in a varie- ty of ways, in very different contexts, to contribute towards sustainable human settlements development in general, as well as prevention, upgrading and integration of unplanned settlements, and the manage- PHQW RI SRVWFRQÀLFW DQG SRVWGLVDVWHU VLWXDWLRQV LQ SDUWLFXODU (DFK EURFKXUH LQWURGXFHV RQH WKHPDWLF area or approach, and illustrates its impact on the built environment, and/or the planning legislation, policy DQGSURFHVV7KHVSHFL¿FFRQWH[WDQGSURJUDPPHZLWKLQZKLFKWKHLOOXVWUDWHG81+$%,7$7DFWLYLWLHVKDYH been developed are mentioned at the end of each brochure, along with contact details for more information.
1 ,Q³)UDPHZRUN0HPRUDQGXPIRUWKH0RELOLVDWLRQRI*RYHUQPHQWVRQ6OXP3UHYHQWLRQDQG8SJUDGLQJ´$0&+8'6SHFLDO6HVVLRQ1DLUREL$SULO A comprehensive, participatory approach to slum upgrading
7RGD\XSJUDGLQJDQGSUHYHQWLRQRIVOXPVDUHVHHQ ,QDQHIIRUWWRFRQWULEXWHWRWKHUHDOLVDWLRQRI7DUJHW There are strong synergies between the RQ WKH WHQXUH DQG JRYHUQDQFH DV NH\ PHDVXUHV WR DWWDLQ WKH REMHFWLYH RI XUEDQ 81+$%,7$7SURPRWHVLPSOHPHQWDWLRQVWUDWHJLHV &:63URJUDPPH81+$%,7$7¶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to the Global Campaigns are tools with GLUHFWO\ WR WKH UHDOLVDWLRQ RI WKH DJHQGD ,Q WKH :RUOG 6XPPLW DOORFDWHG WR WKHUHVLGHQWVDVDSUHFRQGLWLRQWRin situXSJUDGLQJ ZKLFK XUEDQ VWDNHKROGHUV FDQ IRFXV *OREDO &DPSDLJQV¶ REMHFWLYHV SUHYHQWLRQ DQ LPSRUWDQFH HTXDO WR XSJUDGLQJ :KHUH UHORFDWLRQ PXVW WDNH SODFH LW LV YLWDO WR GR VR WKURXJK D QHJRWLDWHG DSSURDFK IDYRXULQJ “In pursuance of our commitment to achieve Experience with upgrading in three cities under the CWS Programme FRPPXQLW\OHGLQLWLDWLYHVWRDYRLGFRQÀLFWVVDIHJXDUG VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQW ZH IXUWKHU UHVROYH WKH OLYHOLKRRG RI WKH SRRU DQG HQVXUH VXVWDLQDELOLW\ Addis Ababa (Ethiopia): A dramatic shift in the slum upgrading paradigm 7R DFKLHYH VLJQL¿FDQW LPSURYHPHQW LQ WKH OLYHV RI DW OHDVW PLOOLRQ VOXPGZHOOHUV E\ 3UHYHQWLYH DFWLRQ IRFXVHV RQ FDSDFLW\EXLOGLQJ recognizing the urgent need for the provision DQG SURYLVLRQ RI DIIRUGDEOH VHUYLFHG ODQG of increased resources for affordable housing IRU KRXVLQJ DQG DFFHVV WR DGDSWHG ILQDQFLDO and housing-related infrastructure, prioritizing UHVRXUFHV 81+$%,7$7¶V FRPSUHKHQVLYH VOXP SUHYHQWLRQ DQG VOXP XSJUDGLQJ « ´ DSSURDFK LV EDVHG RQ WKH IROORZLQJ SULQFLSOHV
The Do’s and Don’ts of Slum Upgrading DO DON’T Promote good urban governance systems. Assume that slums will disappear 7KHFLW\RI$GGLV$EDEDKRXVHVRIWKHQDWLRQDOXUEDQ FRUUHVSRQGHG WR WKHLU ZRUNLQJ DQG OLYLQJ WUDGLWLRQV automatically with economic growth. SRSXODWLRQZLWKPLOOLRQLQKDELWDQWV$ERXWQHZ 7KURXJK WKH &:6 3URJUDPPH DQG LWV H[FKDQJHV Establish enabling institutional frameworks Underestimate the role of local authorities, UHVLGHQWVDUHDGGHGWRWKHFLW\HYHU\\HDU0RVWRIWKLV ZLWKRWKHUFLWLHVLQWKHUHJLRQWKLVWRSGRZQDSSURDFK involving all partners. landowners, community leaders and residents. JURZWKWDNHVSODFHLQWKHVOXPDUHDVZKHUHPRUHWKDQ KDVSURJUHVVLYHO\JLYHQZD\WRDPRUHSDUWLFLSDWRU\ Implement and monitor pro-poor city Separate upgrading from investment planning development strategies. and urban management. RI$GGLV$EDED¶VLQKDELWDQWVOLYH$WWKHWLPHWKH SURFHVV 6WDNHKROGHUV DFNQRZOHGJHG WKDW VXFFHVV &:63URJUDPPHZDVLQLWLDWHGWKH&LW\DXWKRULWLHVKDG LQVOXPXSJUDGLQJGHSHQGVRQFRRSHUDWLRQEHWZHHQ Encourage initiatives of slum-dwellers and Ignore the specific needs and contributions of recognise the role of women. women and vulnerable groups. GHVLJQHGDODUJHVFDOHXUEDQUHQHZDORSHUDWLRQ7KLV WDUJHW FRPPXQLWLHV ORFDO DXWKRULWLHV DQG ORFDO Ensure secure tenure, consolidate occupancy Carry out unlawful forced evictions. WKUHDWHQHGWKHWHQXUHVHFXULW\RIPDQ\VOXPGZHOOHUV GHYHORSPHQW FRPPLWWHHV7KH QHZ SDUDGLJP IRU rights and regularise informal settlements. 7KHUH ZDV VHULRXV FRQFHUQ WKDW UHVLGHQWV ZRXOG GHDOLQJ ZLWK VOXPV LV EDVHG RQ WKH UHFRJQLWLRQ RI Involve tenants and owners in finding solutions Discriminate against rental housing or promote EH UHORFDWHG LQ LQDGHTXDWH KRXVLQJ VXFK DV FLWL]HQV¶ KRXVLQJ ULJKWV DQG RI VOXPV DV LQWHJUDO prioritizing collective interests. a single tenure option. XQDIIRUGDEOHKLJKULVHEXLOGLQJV7KLVZRXOGQRWKDYH SDUWVRIWKHXUEDQIDEULFWKDWQHHGWREHXSJUDGHG Adopt an incremental approach to upgrading. Impose unrealistic standards and regulations. Associate municipal finance, cross-subsidies Rely on governmental subsidies or on full-cost and beneficiary contributions to ensure financial recovery from slum-dwellers. Arusha (Tanzania): The role of communities in settlement upgrading viability. Design and negotiate relocation plans only when Invest public resources in massive social absolutely necessary. housing schemes. Combine slum upgrading with employment Consider slum upgrading solely as a social generation and local economic development. issue. Develop new urban areas by making land and Provide unaffordable infrastructure and trunk infrastructure available. services
Cities without Slums Sub-regional Programme for Eastern and Southern Africa (CWS) 2YHU WKH SDVW \HDUV 81+$%,7$7 KDV LQLWLDWHG 7KHDLPLVWRHVWDEOLVKWKHFRQGLWLRQVIRUFLW\ZLGHVOXP $UXVKD 7DQ]DQLD¶V WKLUG ODUJHVW FLW\ KDV DERXW PLWWHHV FRPSULVLQJ PXQLFLSDO RI¿FHUV UHSUHVHQWD DQG VXSSRUWHG DFWLYLWLHV IRU VOXP XSJUDGLQJ XSJUDGLQJXVLQJDPXOWLOHYHOLQWHUYHQWLRQVWUDWHJ\$W LQKDELWDQWVDQGLVJURZLQJDWDUDWHRI WLYHV RI ODQGORUGV WHQDQWV 1*2V DQG UHOLJLRXV RU DQG SUHYHQWLRQ LQ YDULRXV SDUWV RI WKH ZRUOG7KH national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¶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¶VXQSODQQHGVHWWOHPHQWVLVFXUUHQWO\ 0DSXWR 0R]DPELTXH DQG 0DVHUX /HVRWKR DQG EDVLF VHUYLFHV SDUWLFLSDWRU\ ODQG XVH SODQQLQJ DQG WKH SURPRWLRQ RI PLFUR DQG VPDOO HQWHUSULVHV &RPPXQLW\'HYHORSPHQWDQG:DUG3ODQQLQJ&RP EHLQJVFDOHGXSWRFRYHUDOOXQSODQQHGVHWWOHPHQWV 2 $UWLFOHPRIWKH6HSWHPEHU816XPPLWUHVROXWLRQ There are strong synergies between the RQ WKH WHQXUH DQG JRYHUQDQFH &:63URJUDPPH81+$%,7$7¶V*OREDO DVSHFWV RI XSJUDGLQJ DQG &DPSDLJQVRQ8UEDQ*RYHUQDQFHDQG SUHYHQWLRQ RI XQSODQQHG IRU 6HFXUH7HQXUHDV ZHOO DV RWKHU VHWWOHPHQWV$VRSHUDWLRQDODFWLYLW\ SURJUDPPHV$VDGYRFDF\LQVWUXPHQWV WKH&:63URJUDPPHFRQWULEXWHV the Global Campaigns are tools with GLUHFWO\ WR WKH UHDOLVDWLRQ RI WKH ZKLFK XUEDQ VWDNHKROGHUV FDQ IRFXV *OREDO &DPSDLJQV¶ REMHFWLYHV
Experience with upgrading in three cities under the CWS Programme Addis Ababa (Ethiopia): A dramatic shift in the slum upgrading paradigm
7KHFLW\RI$GGLV$EDEDKRXVHVRIWKHQDWLRQDOXUEDQ FRUUHVSRQGHG WR WKHLU ZRUNLQJ DQG OLYLQJ WUDGLWLRQV SRSXODWLRQZLWKPLOOLRQLQKDELWDQWV$ERXWQHZ 7KURXJK WKH &:6 3URJUDPPH DQG LWV H[FKDQJHV UHVLGHQWVDUHDGGHGWRWKHFLW\HYHU\\HDU0RVWRIWKLV ZLWKRWKHUFLWLHVLQWKHUHJLRQWKLVWRSGRZQDSSURDFK JURZWKWDNHVSODFHLQWKHVOXPDUHDVZKHUHPRUHWKDQ KDVSURJUHVVLYHO\JLYHQZD\WRDPRUHSDUWLFLSDWRU\ RI$GGLV$EDED¶VLQKDELWDQWVOLYH$WWKHWLPHWKH SURFHVV 6WDNHKROGHUV DFNQRZOHGJHG WKDW VXFFHVV &:63URJUDPPHZDVLQLWLDWHGWKH&LW\DXWKRULWLHVKDG LQVOXPXSJUDGLQJGHSHQGVRQFRRSHUDWLRQEHWZHHQ GHVLJQHGDODUJHVFDOHXUEDQUHQHZDORSHUDWLRQ7KLV WDUJHW FRPPXQLWLHV ORFDO DXWKRULWLHV DQG ORFDO WKUHDWHQHGWKHWHQXUHVHFXULW\RIPDQ\VOXPGZHOOHUV GHYHORSPHQW FRPPLWWHHV7KH QHZ SDUDGLJP IRU 7KHUH ZDV VHULRXV FRQFHUQ WKDW UHVLGHQWV ZRXOG GHDOLQJ ZLWK VOXPV LV EDVHG RQ WKH UHFRJQLWLRQ RI EH UHORFDWHG LQ LQDGHTXDWH KRXVLQJ VXFK DV FLWL]HQV¶ KRXVLQJ ULJKWV DQG RI VOXPV DV LQWHJUDO XQDIIRUGDEOHKLJKULVHEXLOGLQJV7KLVZRXOGQRWKDYH SDUWVRIWKHXUEDQIDEULFWKDWQHHGWREHXSJUDGHG
Arusha (Tanzania): The role of communities in settlement upgrading
$UXVKD 7DQ]DQLD¶V WKLUG ODUJHVW FLW\ KDV DERXW PLWWHHV FRPSULVLQJ PXQLFLSDO RI¿FHUV UHSUHVHQWD LQKDELWDQWVDQGLVJURZLQJDWDUDWHRI WLYHV RI ODQGORUGV WHQDQWV 1*2V DQG UHOLJLRXV RU :LWKOLPLWHGUHVRXUFHVWKH&LW\&RXQFLOKDVIDLOHGWR JDQLVDWLRQV FROOHFWHG DQG HYDOXDWHG GDWD DQG SUR SURYLGHDGHTXDWHVHUYLFHVHVSHFLDOO\WKHPXFKQHHG SRVHGSULRULWLHVIRUWKHXSJUDGLQJRIWKHLUVHWWOHPHQWV HGVXUYH\HGSORWVIRUKRXVLQJFRQVWUXFWLRQ$VDUHVXOW 7KHVHSURSRVDOVZHUHFRQVROLGDWHGE\SURIHVVLRQDO RIWKH&LW\¶VSRSXODWLRQOLYHLQXQSODQQHGDUHDV SODQQHUVLQWRXSJUDGLQJSODQV7KHGHYHORSPHQWRI 7KURXJK&:6LQFRRSHUDWLRQZLWKWKH8QLYHUVLW\&RO LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ DQG IXQGLQJ VWUDWHJLHV DV ZHOO DV OHJHRI/DQGDQG$UFKLWHFWXUDO6WXGLHV 8&/$6 LQ'DU GLYLVLRQRIWDVNVZHUHKDQGOHGLQWKHVDPHSDUWLFL HV6DODDP$UXVKD&LW\&RXQFLOPRELOLVHGFRPPXQL SDWRU\ PDQQHU 7KH SLORW LQLWLDWLYH FDUULHG RXW LQ D WLHVDQGHVWDEOLVKHGSDUWQHUVKLSVZLWKVWDNHKROGHUV WKLUGRI$UXVKD¶VXQSODQQHGVHWWOHPHQWVLVFXUUHQWO\ &RPPXQLW\'HYHORSPHQWDQG:DUG3ODQQLQJ&RP EHLQJVFDOHGXSWRFRYHUDOOXQSODQQHGVHWWOHPHQWV The URBAN PLANNING IN A STATE OF FLUX Series
.LVXPX .HQ\D 0DSSLQJDQGHQXPHUDWLRQVRIVOXPGZHOOHUVDVDÀUVWVWHSWR In situ in situ upgrading XSJUDGLQJDQGSUHYHQWLRQRIVOXPV
&LWLHVZLWKRXW6OXPV6XEUHJLRQDO3URJUDPPH IRU(DVWHUQDQG6RXWKHUQ$IULFD
Slums - A consequence of inadequately planned and rapid urbanisation ,QWKHFLWLHVRIGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHVXUEDQLVDWLRQKDV :LWK D SRSXODWLRQ RI .LVXPX LV .HQ\D¶V )XUWKHUDFRPSOHWHSK\VLFDOPDSSLQJH[HUFLVHZDV EHFRPHYLUWXDOO\V\QRQ\PRXVZLWKVOXPIRUPDWLRQ WKLUGODUJHVWFLW\'XULQJWKH¿UVWSKDVHRIWKH&:6 XQGHUWDNHQRIWKHZKROHPXQLFLSDOLW\XVLQJDIIRUGDEOH 7KH81RSHUDWLRQDOGH¿QLWLRQRIDVOXPLVEDVHG 3URJUDPPHDQLQGHSWKVLWXDWLRQDQDO\VLVRIVOXPV EXW\HWTXDOLWDWLYHPHWKRGV$FLW\ZLGH*HRJUDSKLF,Q RQWKHKRXVHKROGDVWKHEDVLFXQLWRIDQDO\VLV LQ .LVXPX ZDV SUHSDUHG 7KH UHSRUW LV WKH FXOPL IRUPDWLRQ6\VWHP *,6 ZDVHVWDEOLVKHGDQG0XQLFL QDWLRQ RI VHYHUDO PRQWKV RI FRQVXOWDWLRQV ZLWK NH\ SDO&RXQFLOVWDIIZHUHWUDLQHGLQPDQDJLQJWKHV\VWHP “A slum household is a group of individuals living VWDNHKROGHUV LQFOXGLQJ FRPPXQLW\EDVHG JURXSV (QXPHUDWLRQVRIPRUHWKDQVOXPKRXVHKROGV under the same roof in an urban area who lack one WKH SXEOLF DQG SULYDWH VHFWRUV 1*2V DQG ,QWHUQD ZHUHFDUULHGRXWE\WKHORFDOFRPPXQLWLHVLQFROODER RUPRUHRIWKHIROORZLQJ¿YHFRQGLWLRQV $FFHVV WLRQDO'HYHORSPHQW3DUWQHUV7KHVWXG\SURSRVHVDQ UDWLRQZLWK6OXP'ZHOOHUV,QWHUQDWLRQDO 6', DQGWKH to water; access to sanitation; secure tenure; LQWHJUDWHGDSSURDFKWRVOXPXSJUDGLQJVLQJOLQJRXW 0XQLFLSDO&RXQFLORI.LVXPX6XEVHTXHQWO\WKHHQX GXUDELOLW\RIKRXVLQJ VXI¿FLHQWOLYLQJDUHD´7KXV LVVXHVRIVHFXULW\RIWHQXUHLPSURYHPHQWRIEDVLFLQ PHUDWLRQGDWDEDVHZDVOLQNHGWRWKH*,6GDWDEDVHDW IUDVWUXFWXUHDQGKRXVLQJDFFHVVWRKHDOWKDQGVRFLDO WKH&RXQFLO¶VSODQQLQJGHSDUWPHQWWRHQDEOHHI¿FLHQW VOXPVFDQHLWKHUEHSODQQHG XVXDOO\GHJUDGHG VHUYLFHVDQGLPSURYLQJPDQDJHPHQWRIWKHHQYLURQ SODQQLQJ RI WKH VOXPV XVLQJ TXDOLWDWLYH LQIRUPDWLRQ LQQHUFLW\WHQHPHQWV RUXQSODQQHGVHWWOHPHQWV PHQWWRHQVXUHHQKDQFHGTXDOLW\RIOLIHDQGUHGXFWLRQ LQSRYHUW\OHYHOV 3XEOLF DXWKRULWLHV UHVSRQVLEOH IRU XUEDQ ODQG DQG KRXVLQJ SROLFLHV KDYH QRW EHHQ DEOH WR The Global Land Tool Network (GLTN) PHHWWKHHYHULQFUHDVLQJGHPDQGIRUDIIRUGDEOH KRXVLQJ DQG VHUYLFHG ODQG LQ DGHTXDWH VFDOH */71 ZDV LQLWLDWHG E\ 81+$%,7$7 DQG SDUWQHUV DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ V\VWHP VHUYLQJ DV LQIRUPDWLRQ EDVH Slum adjacent to planned settlement in Kisumu, Kenya 8UEDQSRYHUW\LVRQWKHLQFUHDVHDQGDJURZLQJ WR IDFLOLWDWH LPSURYHG ODQG PDQDJHPHQW DQG WHQXUH IRU WKH FUHDWLRQ RI SK\VLFDO XSJUDGLQJ SODQV LQFOXG WRROVIRUSRYHUW\DOOHYLDWLRQ6OXPXSJUDGLQJLVDIRUP LQJUHVHWWOHPHQW ZKHUHXQDYRLGDEOH SURYLVLRQDQG QXPEHU RI KRXVHKROGV FDQQRW DIIRUG KRXVLQJ WRH[LVWLQJXUEDQSODQQLQJSUDFWLFHVZKLFKKDYH RIODQGPDQDJHPHQWDQGUHTXLUHVDQXPEHURIODQG PDLQWHQDQFHRILQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQGIRUFRVWUHFRYHU\ LQ SODQQHG DQG VHUYLFHG VHWWOHPHQWV 6TXDWWHU SURYHQ WR EH LQHI¿FLHQW LQ DGGUHVVLQJ$IULFD¶V WRROV DODQGSROLF\WRGHWHUPLQHKRZVWDWHODQGFDQ 6OXP SUHYHQWLRQ LQYROYHV WKH VDPH UDQJH RI ODQG VHWWOHPHQWV DQG LQIRUPDO VXEGLYLVLRQV RQ XUEDQLVDWLRQSURFHVV7KH\LGHQWL¿HG³HTXLWDEOH EHXVHGIRUWKHXUEDQSRRUDQGRUKRZSULYDWHODQG WRROV*/71DLPVWRGHYHORSVXFKWRROVVWUHQJWKHQ SXEOLFRUSULYDWHODQGRIWHQRQKD]DUGRXVVLWHV DFFHVVWRODQGDGHTXDWHVKHOWHUWKHSURYLVLRQRI FDQEHDFTXLUHGDQGRUH[SURSULDWHG FRPSHQVDWLRQ DQG LQWHJUDWH H[LVWLQJ QHWZRUNV DQG GLVVHPLQDWH XQVXLWDEOH IRU UHVLGHQWLDO GHYHORSPHQW DUH D EDVLFVHUYLFHVSROLWLFDOZLOOGHFHQWUDOLVDWLRQJRRG DQGODQGWD[DWLRQSROLFLHV GLIIHUHQWW\SHVRIODQGWHQ NQRZOHGJH XUHWRVXLWVOXPGZHOOHUV¶QHHGV DQDGHTXDWHODQG GLUHFW UHVSRQVH WR WKH DEVHQFH RI SURSRRU JRYHUQDQFHWKHHPSRZHUPHQWRIQDWLRQDODQGORFDO &RQWDFW XUEDQ SODQQLQJ DQG SURYLVLRQ RI DIIRUGDEOH DXWKRULWLHVWKHDGRSWLRQRILQFOXVLYHSURFHVVHVRI 81+$%,7$7 GL716HFUHWDULDW/DQGDQG7HQXUH6HFWLRQ1DLUREL ODQG DQG KRXVLQJ WKURXJK IRUPDO SURFHVVHV PRELOLVLQJORFDOUHVRXUFHVDQGLQFOXVLYHGHFLVLRQ 32%R[1DLUREL.HQ\D PDNLQJ SURFHVVHV DV EHLQJ IXQGDPHQWDO WR 7HO ,Q WKHUH ZHUH PLOOLRQ VOXP GZHOOHUV DQ\ VWUDWHJ\ WR SUHYHQW DQG XSJUDGH VOXPV´ )D[ (PDLO ODQGWHQXUH#XQKDELWDWRUJ ZRUOGZLGH RQH WKLUG RI WKH ZRUOG¶V XUEDQ SRSXODWLRQ ,I FXUUHQW WUHQGV FRQWLQXH WKH 7KH OLYLQJ DQG ZRUNLQJ FRQGLWLRQV LQ VOXPV DUH Cities without Slums Sub-regional Programme for Eastern and Southern Africa VOXP SRSXODWLRQ ZLOO UHDFK ELOOLRQ E\ FKDUDFWHULVHGE\DQXPEHURIGHSULYDWLRQVLQFOXGLQJ 7KH&LWLHVZLWKRXW6OXPV3URJUDPPHLVDMRLQWLQLWLDWLYHE\WKH*OREDO&DPSDLJQV5HJLRQDO2I¿FHIRU$IULFDDQGWKH ODFNRIDGHTXDWHKRXVLQJZDWHUVDQLWDWLRQDQG $UDE6WDWHV 52$$6 8UEDQ'HYHORSPHQW%UDQFK8UEDQ6HFUHWDULDWDQGWKH:DWHU6DQLWDWLRQDQG,QIUDVWUXFWXUH 7KLVXQSUHFHGHQWHGVWDWHRIÀX[UHTXLUHVDQHZ EDVLFVRFLDOVHUYLFHV,QPDQ\LQVWDQFHVSHRSOH %UDQFK7KH,QFHSWLRQ3KDVHZDVFRRUGLQDWHGE\6KHOWHU%UDQFK7KH3URJUDPPHLVIXQGHGE\WKH*RYHUQPHQWVRI DSSURDFK WR XUEDQ SODQQLQJ 5HFHQWO\$IULFDQ OLYLQJ LQ VOXPV DUH QRW UHFRJQLVHG DV UHVLGHQWV *HUPDQ\,WDO\DQG7KH1HWKHUODQGV 0LQLVWHUVGHGLFDWHGWKHLUZRUNWR¿QGLQJDOWHUQDWLYHV RIWKHFLW\DQGDUHDWSHUPDQHQWULVNRIHYLFWLRQ &RQWDFWV 7KH85%$13/$11,1*,1$67$7(2))/8;6HULHV 81+$%,7$76HFUHWDULDW*OREDO&DPSDLJQIRU 81+$%,7$75HJLRQDO2I¿FHIRU$IULFDDQG 6HFXUH7HQXUH WKH$UDE6WDWHV Towards Sustainable Urbanisation 32%R[1DLUREL.HQ\D 32%R[1DLUREL.HQ\D 7HO 7HO Urban planning was traditionally seen as a means to control and regulate the development of towns and cit- ies. In the cities of the developing world, however, traditional planning approaches have failed to address the )D[ )D[ challenges of rapid urbanisation and the poverty, exclusion, informality and vulnerability it brings in its wake. (PDLO JFVW#XQKDELWDWRUJ (PDLO URDDV#XQKDELWDWRUJ This series of brochures illustrates how UN-HABITAT has applied urban planning and design in a varie- KWWS KTXQKDELWDWRUJFDPSDLJQVWHQXUH(DVWHUQDQG6RXWKHUQ$IULFDDVS ty of ways, in very different contexts, to contribute towards sustainable human settlements development in general, as well as prevention, upgrading and integration of unplanned settlements, and the manage- Brochure prepared by UN-HABITAT, Housing Policy and Development Section, P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi 00100, KENYA PHQW RI SRVWFRQÀLFW DQG SRVWGLVDVWHU VLWXDWLRQV LQ SDUWLFXODU (DFK EURFKXUH LQWURGXFHV RQH WKHPDWLF area or approach, and illustrates its impact on the built environment, and/or the planning legislation, policy Photos and illustrations by Addis Ababa City Government Information Dissemination and Documentation Department, Municipal DQGSURFHVV7KHVSHFL¿FFRQWH[WDQGSURJUDPPHZLWKLQZKLFKWKHLOOXVWUDWHG81+$%,7$7DFWLYLWLHVKDYH Council of Kisumu, Peter Donde, Rasmus Precht, Farouk Tebbal, Ulrik Westman and UN-HABITAT. been developed are mentioned at the end of each brochure, along with contact details for more information.
1 ,Q³)UDPHZRUN0HPRUDQGXPIRUWKH0RELOLVDWLRQRI*RYHUQPHQWVRQ6OXP3UHYHQWLRQDQG8SJUDGLQJ´$0&+8'6SHFLDO6HVVLRQ1DLUREL$SULO