REPUBLIC OF

On the rights of manuscript

ABSTRACT of the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy

HUSSEIN ALIYEV’S CREATIVE ACTIVITY Specialty: Descriptive art Field of science: Art-criticism- descriptive art Applicant: Seyyare Namiq Sadiqova

BAKU-2021

1 Dissertation work was performed in the Department of “History of Art” at Azerbaijan State Academy of Arts

Scientific supervisor: People’s Artist , professor Huseynqulu Əli oğlu Aliyev

Official opponents: People’s Artist , professor Arif Shahbaz Huseynov

Doctor of philosophy in art-criticism Aslan Akbar Khalilov

Doctor of philosophy in art-criticism Ramil Afiq Guliyev

Dissertation Council‒ PhD-2.34 of the Supreme Attestation Commission under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan operating at Azerbaijan State Academy of Arts

Chairman of Dissertation council: Doctor of art sciences, prof. ______Fuad Mammad-Emin Salayev Scientific secretary of Dissertation council: PhD in art-criticism, assoc.prof. ______Khanum Zalimkhan Asgerova

The chairman of seminar: Doctor of Philological sciences, professor ______Natiq Kamal Aliyev

2 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESEARCH WORK

Actuality and the usage rate of the research work. People's Artist Huseyn Aliyev (1911-1991) was one of the brightest representatives of the fine arts of Azerbaijan. On the other hand, the artist's original style of performance, stylistic features and handwriting enriched the artistic heritage of Azerbaijani art. Namely, in these respects, there is a need for monograph research of painter’s creative activities in the science of modern art-criticism. Huseyn Aliyev’s creativity with individual set-line, a talented artist who served the Azerbaijani art for many years, has not been systematically and extensively studied by now. Paintings kept in museums, private collections and galleries have not been scientifically described and analyzed in terms of artistic originality. The scientific research of Huseyn Aliyev's art will not only expand our art history, but also give impetus to the development of modern Azerbaijani art. From this point of view, the topic can be considered quite relevant. People's Artist Huseyn Aliyev's creativity has always attracted the attention of art lovers and specialists. The artist's works were published in various catalogs and magazines. Articles were published in some areas of the country. B.Hajizadeh, K.Kerimov, M.Najafov, scientists and artists who wrote a book about caricature, prove that this genre is also developing in Azerbaijan. Huseyn Aliyev's activity in the press is characterized by graphic drawings and caricatures. His cartoons are rich in pogressive ideas. Adalat Aliyev, the artist's grandson, spoke about his progressive ideas in his book "People's Artist of Azerbaijan Huseyn Aliyev" published in 2009. From time to time in the press M.Najafov, N.Habibov, L.Eldarova, B.Hajiza And others spoke about the artist's paintings and graphics exhibited at exhibitions in different years. Catalog

3 by the artist illustrated in the "People's Newspaper" in 1981, a miniature book "Huseyn Aliyev" by Adalat Aliyev in 2009, an album by art critic Lala Eldarova dedicated to Huseyn Aliyev's monotypes on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the artist were published in 2011. Various stages and several fields of Huseyn Aliyev's creative activity are also found in numerous articles. Here the works by the artist in various genres are in the center of attention. Among these, Afsana Bayramgizi's "People's Artist Huseyn Aliyev's memory was commemorated with deep respect and reverence", Flora Khalilzadeh's "His brush created miracles. Huseyn Aliyev - 100 ", a satirical graphic “People's Artist of Azerbaijan, Huseyn Aliyev ”by Bayram Hajizade and others can be cited as examples. In general, B.Hajizade, N.Aliyev, U.Veysalli, K.Kerimov, L.Kh. Eldarova, N. Bannayeva and others can be taken as examples. Besides, Huseyn Aliyev's work was touched upon in his book "Azerbaijani Art" co-authored by A.Salamzade, K.Kerimov, N.Rzayev, R.Afendiyev and N.Habibov. People's Artist Huseyn Aliyev's work has always attracted the attention of art lovers and professionals. However, the artist's paintings dedicated to political figures, as well as his family and friends, still lifes, animalistic and plot paintings, abstract landscapes, watercolor monotypes, caricatures and graphic drawings have not yet been extensively analyzed by art critics. The articles contain information that does not fully cover his main work. They are comprehensively reflected in the current research. Object and subject of research. The main object of research of the dissertation is the works of Huseyn Aliyev in the field of painting and graphics, watercolors, monotypic works, caricatures published in "Molla ", "Kirpi" magazines and "Communist" newspaper. The subject of the research is the analysis of artistic features, compositional solutions, new and original means of expression, as well as the analysis of technical methods used by Huseyn Aliyev. New tendencies in the artist's

4 work have been studied and confirmed by concrete theoretical provisions. Objectives and tasks of the research. The main purpose of the current research work is to systematically analyze the work of the People's Artist of Azerbaijan Huseyn Aliyev, to determine the originality, set-line, creative method and stages of the artist. At the same time, the analysis of Azerbaijani motifs, watercolor monotypes, portraits, cartoons and graphics, a small number of paintings in the genres of still life, animalistic and domestic genres, plot compositions, which make up the bulk of the artist's work, testifies to a comprehensive study of Huseyn Aliyev's creative activity. The study of Huseyn Aliyev's work in the context of contemporary and modern Azerbaijani art involves the solution of the following tasks: - To group the works of Huseyn Aliyev in the dissertation by relevant genres; - To analyze the previously unstudied works of the People's Artist; - To reveal the artist's works, factual materials and to study them from the point of view of art criticism; - To characterize the creative features of the artist by studying his artistic heritage; - To identify the most common trends in the fine arts; - To determine the role of Huseyn Aliyev in the fine arts of Azerbaijan. Research methods. Analysis of scientific-theoretical, visual- experimental materials, data collection during scientific trips and observation methods were widely used in the research process, the method of comparative analysis was preferred. In the research process, a chronological sequence was followed in each paragraph. Following the chronological sequence is important in terms of tracking changes in the artist's creative specifics. The main provisions of the defense. The artist's work has been comprehensively studied and the following theoretical

5 provisions have been put forward: - The early and mature periods of Huseyn Aliyev's work are characterized by precise lines, clear contours, clearly selected themes, simple and clear forms, cheerful and colorful color palette. - His activity after the 1970s is characterized by abstract forms, inaccurate lines, changes in style and technique. - He tried the brush of fine arts in realism, surrealism, primitivism, expressionism, symbolism, abstractionism and other trends. - Huseyn Aliyev's rich creativity reflected various areas of graphics and painting. - The works of Huseyn Aliyev are grouped in the dissertation by relevant genres. - In the course of scientific research, in June 2018, we discovered a number of works by Huseyn Aliyev unknown to the audience and readers - cartoons, posters and a landscape work. - The cartoons drawn by Huseyn Aliyev are of great importance in terms of educating the people. - The portraits created by Huseyn Aliyev attract attention with their naturalness. - In the artist's creative style, the main focus is on intense emotional features, the predominance of internal psychological and philosophical qualities. - We have learned from the example of Huseyn Aliyev's artistic heritage that works of fine art do not exist only in space and they are not understood once we see them , it takes some time to "read" and understand them, as in books and works of art. - In some of his animalistic paintings there are universal values. In his works in this genre, the artist made extensive use of allegory and symbolism. - The still lifes "Green Apple" and "Apple on the Royal" have a deep philosophical meaning. Avant-garde style-surrealism is felt in these paintings. - The artist preferred national motifs in his landscape works.

6 It was no coincidence that he appealed to natural landscapes and the style of primitivism. - Huseyn Aliyev was the first artist to apply watercolor monotypic technique in the fine arts of Azerbaijan. The monotypic works of the People's Artist are distinguished by the richness of motifs and color solutions. Scientific novelty of the research. Several scientific innovations have been obtained in the research. The first of them is that during the scientific researches Huseyn Aliyev's previously unexplored works of painting, graphics, watercolor-monotype were analyzed. The works authored by Huseyn Aliyev are precisely grouped into relevant genres and analyzed the paintings and their artistic features, which have not been mentioned in any written source so far. Artistic and technical features, new and original means of expression characterizing Huseyn Aliyev's creativity were identified. The artist's wide-ranging creativity has been analyzed separately, divided into separate genres, as well as paragraphs according to the form of artistic expression of the works that characterize the creative features. At the same time, the estimates and incorrectly mentioned techniques of many works in previous written sources were revised, clarified, and those erroneous information were corrected in the dissertation. During our scientific research, in June 2018, we discovered and researched a number of Huseyn Aliyev's works unknown to the audience and readers - cartoons, posters and a landscape work, which is one of the most important scientific innovations of the dissertation. We have learned from the example of Huseyn Aliyev's artistic heritage that works of fine art do not exist only in space and are not understood at all, it takes some time to "read" and understand them, as in books and works of art. Information perceived by man can be not only in letters or musical notes, but also in fine arts through lines, colors, textures, light and shadow,

7 composition and other means of expression. For many years in world aesthetics, the canon of art forms This first claim against the received opinion is one of the main scientific innovations of the current research work. Another scientific innovation is that the still lifes "Green Apple" and "Apple on the Royal" have a deep philosophical meaning. Avant-garde style-surrealism is felt in these paintings. It has been established that the works of the world-famous surrealist artists Salvador Dali and Rene Magritte did not have a great influence on the creation of these works. First of all, detailed information on the development of watercolor-monotype technique applied by Huseyn Aliyev in the fine arts of Azerbaijan was studied in the dissertation. Global themes are touched upon in the animalistic works of the People's Artist of Azerbaijan. As a result of our scientific research and comparative analysis, it became clear to us that the image of an eagle, often depicted in Huseyn Aliyev's animalistic paintings, is a specific symbol of native Azerbaijan, and the snake is an enemy country. It is the first time that he has resorted to the style of primitivism in his work. The reasons why it works in this style are being investigated for the first time. The artist preferred national motifs in his landscape works. It is clear from our research that his appeal to natural landscapes and primitive style was not accidental: The political changes taking place in the world, the misguided scientific discoveries, the moving away from the rapidly advancing scientific and technological progress which, on the one hand was detrimental to human beings, on the other hand, he tended to source in order to feel more closely creation, which is a part of nature. Theoretical and practical significance of the research. The current research expands the history of Azerbaijani art and determines the importance of the work of the People's Artist of Azerbaijan Huseyn Aliyev, the creative method in the general

8 development of fine arts. The results and provisions of the research expand the richness, diversity of types and genres, and creative styles of Azerbaijan's fine arts. The discovery of the artist's out-of-research works will have a positive impact on both art criticism and the development of Azerbaijani art. The practical significance of the research is due to the fact that artists and art critics can be taught in special courses on "History of Fine Arts in Azerbaijan" in higher and secondary educational institutions with a tendency to painting. Provisions related to the artist's creative practice can serve as practical advice for young painters and graphic artists. The dissertation, like the research work written about Huseyn Aliyev's work, is a valuable resource for everyone working in this field and the general public interested in the problem addressed in the dissertation. Approbation and application. The main content, scientific provisions and results of the research are reflected in 12 scientific articles. Name of the organization where the dissertation work is performed. The dissertation was completed at the "History of Art" department of the Azerbaijan State Academy of Arts and discussed at the meeting of the department. The volume of the structural units of the dissertation separately and the total volume with a sign. Introduction 6 pages, Chapter I (consisting of 3 semi-chapters) 50 pages, Chapter II (consisting of 2 semi-chapters) 42 pages, result 5 pages, used literature 6, the list of pages and illustrations is 9 pages, the total volume of the work is 122 pages - 210967 characters.

9 GENERAL CONTENT OF THE WORK AND MAIN PROVISIONS

The introduction provides information on the relevance of the topic, goals and objectives, the degree of its development, as well as the scientific novelty, practical significance, approbation, structure and scope of the work. Chapter I is entitled "Peculiarities and artistic features of Huseyn Aliyev's work" and is dedicated to the artist's early work, graphic drawings, caricatures, as well as works in the genres of portrait, still life, domestic and animalistic. This chapter consists of three paragraphs. The first paragraph, entitled "Graphic drawings and caricatures in the works of Huseyn Aliyev", reflects the graphic drawings and caricatures that the artist worked in the early days of his creative activity. It is important to include Huseyn Aliyev among the successful cartoonists of the 20th century. After entering the Art College, he got acquainted with prominent educators of his time. When he was still a student, he started to collaborate with Molla Nasreddin magazine. Here the artist gets acquainted with such a great thinker as Jalil Mammadguluzadeh and greatly benefits from his works and progressive ideas. Huseyn Aliyev's creative activity is multifaceted and colorful. Although he began his creative activity in the genre of landscape, the first flourishing period of his work began with the genre of cartoons. Huseyn Aliyev came to the press in 1929 with the cartoons "Burial of the Old Alphabet", "Pioneer detachment in Shusha, or the Iranian army" published in the 2nd issue of "Molla Nasreddin" magazine. Besides, his works began to be published in actual topics in the so-called journal successively. "In his satirical and journalistic cartoons, the great artist embodied the events of international social life at that time." Starting from 1931, Huseyn Aliyev attracted the attention of readers with cartoons of a political nature in the "Communist" newspaper.

10 Between 1952 and 1987, “Kirpi” magazine published dozens of cartoons by the People's Artist entitled "Looters of State Property," "Fighting with the ones suffocating criticism" "Decline in Science," "Poor Harvesting," "Alcoholism," and dozens of other titles. His allegorical works include caricatures of ignorance, greed, and descriptions of various contents. Doctor of Philosophy in Art History, Honored Art Worker Bayram Hajizadeh comments on the works of People's Artist Huseyn Aliyev published in the "Hedgehog" magazine: “Huseyn Aliyev, always distinguished by his productive activity, has been closely cooperating with the magazine since the first issues of "Kirpi" and has been able to cover current issues for his time. We wouldn’t err if we said that the satirical graphics of this period were distinguished by the variety of themes. Expressing his attitude to the most important socio-political events in the country and society, the artist described the creative work of the people in his works, fought against foreign elements that hinder the development of society”1. "Enlightening ideas can be found in Huseyn Aliyev's cartoons. In his graphic drawings and caricatures, he expressed his ideas through symbolic means of expression, based on his position on political events in society.”2 For example, "a caricature of a man with a snake around his neck and a ball on his head in 1931 is a real symbolic work." The artist also used the symbolic image of this cartoon "Crisis" in oil paintings. Although the cartoon genre is the most widely studied area of Huseyn Aliyev's work, in 2018 we discovered caricatures, as well as posters and household paintings, which were not

1 Hajizadeh B. Azərbaijan People’s atist Huseyn Aliyev’s satirical graphics // “The world of culture” Scientific-theoretical collection, ASCAU, XXV issue, Baku,‒ 2013, ‒pp.178-183 2 Садыхова, Н.С. Жанровые особенности творчества азербайджанского художника Гусейна Алиева//‒ Москва: Московский Государственный Хозяйственный Университет Промышленности журнал «Вестник». ‒2017 ‒c.459-465 11 illustrated in any written source except the "Kirpi" magazine published in 1953. Examples include cartoons published in the 7th and 9th issues of “Kirpi” magazine that year. These satirical drawings are called "Conversation of two schoolchildren" and "Milk delivery plan is not implemented in most districts." The first work depicts two students with contradictory opinions. It is clear from the auxiliary descriptions that serve to reveal the meaning of the work that there is a comparison between science and easy gain. The second cartoon was published in the 9th issue of "Kirpi" magazine. “Both cartoons painted on watercolor on paper have the signature of the author Huseyn Aliyev "3 The second paragraph is entitled "A unique hymn to the character in the portrait work of the People's Artist." This section provides an analysis of Huseyn Aliyev's works in the portrait genre in various techniques. In most of the portraits, the artist facilitated the identification of the heroes through the auxiliary details he addressed. For example, "Portrait of Hussein Javid" is a beautiful example. The position of the great poet, his gaze, the Araz River in the distance, Ilandag inform the audience that he is in . The portrait, which brought fame to the artist, was dedicated to the prominent writer . Huseyn Aliyev liked Mirza Fatali Akhundov's philosophical thoughts and ideas. Due to sympathy and respect for him, the artist immortalized the great thinker. "Huseyn Aliyev took first place in the competition held in 1939 for Akhundov's portrait". The portraits of Jalil Mammadguluzadeh, Jafar Jabbarli, , Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev, Basti Bagirova and Shamama Hasanova, labor heroes of Alexander Pushkin, painted in the late 1930s, made the artist even more popular. In addition, Huseyn Aliyev created portraits of dozens of prominent personalities, scientists, artists and laborers, as well as family members and

3 Sadiqova S. Contributions to Azerbaijan art"/ "Mədəniyyət" newspaper, 27 July ‒2018, №57(1547) ‒ p. 12 12 acquaintances in this genre. One of the personalities known and highly respected by Huseyn Aliyev since 1929 is the great playwright Jalil Mammadguluzadeh, one of the founders of "Molla Nasreddin" magazine. Mammadguluzadeh always tried to instill his native language and national pride in people. That is why the next hero of Huseyn Aliyev's brush was Jalil Mammadguluzade. "The great playwright had a great influence on Huseyn Aliyev's cartoons"."The People's Artist was able to skillfully recreate the real emotions and daily worries on people's faces, even with an ordinary touch." As a person who loves the history, art and literature of Azerbaijan, Huseyn Aliyev has always created images of prominent figures with a special sensitivity. His portraits are simple and realistic. In the portraits of the artist, he created a harmony with persuasive images, their psychological world, instilled with color, delicate lyricism and vitality. The third semi-chapter, entitled "Still life, domestic and animalistic genres in Huseyn Aliyev’s creative activity ", deals with the works by the artist in the named genres. Huseyn Aliyev's first brush experience began with a landscape and portrait he painted when he was 12 years old, and his first still life was painted in 1932 with watercolors. Huseyn Aliyev was quite modest in choosing the subject. There are no expensive objects in his still lifes, which once again proves the simplicity of the artist's character. The bright contrasting colors and various textures of Huseyn Aliyev's still lifes reveal their decorative qualities by separating the main objects and products from the neutral background. Huseyn Aliyev also applied to the genre of still life in the later stages of his career. One of his works is a still life "Apple on the Royal", painted in watercolor in 1965. The artist has shown his perfect imagination here. Thus, the object described in the work at first glance resembles a celestial body. After careful observation, it is clear that this object is an

13 apple reflected on a shiny surface. The artist, who showed great interest in celestial bodies, depicted an apple resembling the moon on a grand piano, as the name of the work suggests. The spots on the apple, and perhaps the water droplets, look like craters on the surface of the moon. In fact, with this work, the artist sent a message to the audience; It is not enough to just look at any object or life event, it is the main condition to see it. One of the works of the People's Artist with a similar composition is the still life "Green Apple" (1982). In this work, as in the previous picture, the same concept manifests itself, giving the audience the impression at first sight of the moon reflected on the water. The surrealist works by S. Dali and R. Magrit were the source of inspiration for Huseyn Aliyev in the creation of these paintings. Today, such works of art are created in various techniques, especially with computer graphics, and are often published in the media. However, although he benefited from the world-famous surrealist artists S. Dali and R. Magrit, Huseyn Aliyev was the first artist in Azerbaijan to achieve this effect in the 1960s. In his work, Huseyn Aliyev, along with the genres we have already mentioned, also included plot compositions and domestic themes. The genre of everyday life includes people's daily life, social and national moral system, way of life. This genre has an important place in the works of many artists in Azerbaijan. Starting from the 1950s, Huseyn Aliyev created scenes from the life of the people, addressing specific domestic events. His works "Fighting", "Shepherds", "In our yard" (in 2 variants), triptych "On the land of Azerbaijan", "Nabran", "Sea" are examples of his paintings and plot compositions. The appeal to the most diverse aspects of everyday life has led to the formation of different genres of images, different types. Huseyn Aliyev tended to identify the struggle between humans and animals, and sometimes only the psychological conflict between humans. One of his first such works was a watercolor

14 composition "Fighting" in 1954. It depicts two young men facing each other for the first time since they had a fight, but they still do not dare to look at each other's faces. Huseyn Aliyev, who is always in search of character in his works, skillfully conveyed this psychological state to the audience through the gestures and facial expressions of the character. He demonstrates a keen observation ability, especially in the clear delivery of facial expressions and gestures to the audience. In the domestic scenes "Shepherds", "In our yard", "Song land" (part 3 of the triptych), "Horseman", the artist's set-line is conveying and smooth. In these works, a lyrical approach to the subject of life manifests itself without encountering the depth of the subject. Their compositions are based on the interaction of the characters in the picture and the delicate description of the characters. The works in question differ from the emotional paintings "Awesome Land" (part 1 of the triptych), "Fighting in the sky", "Revenge", "Animals are also worried" with their unique poetic charm. The participants of the brush master's household paintings are simple peasants, laborers and shepherds. Among the works solved in an interesting technique is a household painting "Shepherds" (1957). In this work painted with oil on iron the artist depicts man in harmony with nature. The heroes of Huseyn Aliyev's domestic scenes are often people who are far from care, grief and fun. In his works "In our yard", "Peaceful land", "Nabran" optimism and vitality prevail. An examination of his work reveals that in the 1970s, the artist's themes expanded in works of various genres, and in his work, along with human plots, there were also depictions in the animalistic genre. He has such animalistic works as "Fish", "Polar Bear", "Chicken", "Goygol" which he depicted a peacock in, "Gazelles in the meadow", "Back to the cave", "Eagle on the peaks", "Fighting in the sky". Throughout his career, Huseyn Aliyev was in search of new techniques and various technical and artistic effects. One of these

15 creative searches is reflected in the still life he painted in 1970, as well as in the animalistic painting "Fish", which he worked on that year. In his animalistic works, Huseyn Aliyev touched upon global and topical issues of his time. While analyzing the images of eagles in his work, we witnessed interesting moments. The artist's appeal to this image was not accidental. As a result of our scientific research and comparative analysis, it became clear to us that the image of an eagle, often depicted in Huseyn Aliyev's animalistic paintings, is a concrete symbol of native Azerbaijan, and the snake is an enemy country trying to overthrow it at every opportunity. Our country is geographically similar to eagle. However, if we pay attention, we will see that Huseyn Aliyev created his works "Eagle" and "Eagle at the peaks" by adding a strong eagle painting with watercolor on the background of his monotype technique. The fact that the work "Fight in the sky" was developed in the oil painting technique gives grounds to say that the plot of this painting was thought out from the beginning to the end and worked out in a planned way. Because a lot depends on the "whims" of technique in watercolor-monotype works. "Even the slightest carelessness in the execution of watercolor-monotyping techniques can lead to unexpected results for the glass plate"4. But each of the oil-painted works belongs to the artist and is entirely at his disposal. Huseyn Aliyev, a passionate artist who loves nature and peace, also posted a poster entitled "Animals are also worried" about his unjust policy against Azerbaijan. In this work, which he painted with oil paint on canvas in 1987, the upper part of the composition depicts monkeys hugging their frightened cubs on a tree branch. The reason for this panic can be explained by the heavy artillery machine visible from afar, which the artist isolated from the bulk of the composition. According to the idea of the table, war worries not only people but also animals. Through this

4 Sadiqova S. Art on acryllic paper and plexiglass // Baku: “Mədəniyyət.az” Azerbaijan Republic Culture və Tourism Ministry. ‒2015.‒ pp. 86-89. 16 work, the artist called the human race to peace and warned in advance of the negative consequences of war. In the third semi-chapter of the first chapter, research on "Still life, domestic and animalistic genres in the works of Huseyn Aliyev" concluded that he came up with such human ideas in his simplest works. That is why his works are relevant and immortal for every period. Chapter II, entitled "Artistic solution of Huseyn Aliyev's works in the landscape genre", consists of two paragraphs. The first semi-chapter, entitled "Works performed by the artist in the genre of realistic landscape", emphasizes the realism of style and the proper use of national motifs in landscape works.The colorful and thought-provoking images, created with watercolor painting techniques on paper of different sizes and giving the author a guide to the artistic features of the landscape genre, are quite sincere and touching. In his work "Goygol Restaurant", the People's Artist has skillfully solved the optical illusion through various shades of the rainbow, which was formed as a result of the refraction of light in the foreground. In the background and in the center of the composition is the Goygol restaurant. For the description of the restaurant, Huseyn Aliyev chose interesting points of view, working with plans for the forest, mountains and the plain between them. One of the mysterious images of nature brought to life with watercolors is "A nook of Goygol sanatorium". In this painting, he skillfully reflected the sun's rays filtering through dense and tall trees that cast a shadow over the depths of the forest and the color harmony created by their contact with the atmosphere. Huseyn Aliyev chose a dynamic composition for the Maralgol landscape. The artist deliberately violated the statics in the "Goygol" landscapes, which he worked with smooth lines, on the "Maralgol" painting. Thus, the relatively light, smooth lines that rise and fall sharply along the edge of the slope, thicken and thin again on the opposite side, increase the dynamics, taking the

17 viewer's gaze in a moment to very far - to the depths of the forest. Huseyn Aliyev brushed the area around Goygol at different times of the day. From this point of view, in “Goygol Night” he used 2 light sources to illuminate the sky with the moon and the earth with the skillful description of the bonfire. The artist was able to reflect the flame of the fire on the surrounding stones and chairs as if it were real. With this bonfire, he managed to lighten the darkness of the forest by illuminating the trees visible from afar. In the work, the yellow-red color of the moon and the blue color of the sky are associated with the shade of purple. Huseyn Aliyev's "Night in Goygol" can be compared with the work of Russian landscape artist Archip Ivanovich Kuinji (1842-1910) "Night in the Dnieper". In that work, A.I.Kuinci described a moonlit night on the banks of the Dnieper River. The color of the moon was developed by Quinci together with the prominent Russian chemist Dmitry Mendeleev (1834-1907). They added phosphorus to the paints to get the desired result. In this way, the Quinji enveloped the Dnieper River in the delicate silver color of the moonlight on a quiet night. The dark hall where this work was displayed was illuminated by the light of Quinji's moon. But over time, the phosphorus lost its strength, leaving only the colors on the table. While Quinji's moon is depicted in cloudless, clear air, Huseyn Aliyev's red-yellow moon is still obscured by its foggy natural colors. ” Huseyn Aliyev's descriptions of nature are not limited to lyrical-realistic landscapes. He also created interesting abstract landscapes in watercolor monotypes engraved on paper, painted on glass in a new way that he brought to our fine arts. Images of nature are the main line of the artist's work. If we look at Huseyn Aliyev's work, we can see that he often referred to the genre of landscape. Most of the talented artist's work was natural landscapes. The beauties of the charming nature of Nakhchivan, Zangazur, Kalbajar, Lachin, Absheron, Baku, Ganja-Goygol, Lankaran, Ismayilli and other regions are

18 reflected in the valuable landscape paintings of the artist, who traveled around his native Azerbaijan from head to toe. Spring, dawn, mountains, sea, river, lake and forest were his most frequently addressed topics. Nature dominated his imagination, and his memory always brought him back to his childhood impressions of the village of Jomardli in the Zangazur mountains of Azerbaijan. His first oil painting on canvas was a view of the Zangazur mountains. “In Huseyn Aliyev's first experiment with oil paint on canvas, this symbolic image is Zangazur. Unexpectedly, a realistic and accurately depicted greenery fragment in the foreground occupies the left side of the table, reinforcing the abstract hymn of the main content of the work. Generalization and decorativeness bring a certain grandeur to this work, which is small in terms of format. It can be easily imagined as a decorative panel mounted on the wall ”5 Huseyn Aliyev proved himself as a realist painter and a skilled colorist in various genres and styles. Nevertheless, the landscape was the main theme of the artist's work. This semi-chapter also provides information about the color and compositional structure of works in the genre of landscape. The artist's works reflecting the beauties of nature are distinguished by their monumentality and unusual color, which testify to his great love for the Motherland. "My teacher is nature itself," Huseyn Aliyev often repeated. His fascination with nature is felt in each of his works, in the color palette, in the reality of the created components. Art-critic N.Habibov notes about the landscapes by the artist: "The landscapes he created in 1960-1970 brought a new breath and spirit to this genre of art. As the unique nature of the native lands came to life on the canvas with Huseyn Aliyev's brush, it was as if you were experiencing a new miracle. ”6

5 Eldarova, L. Huseyn Aliyev 1911-1991/L.Eldarova.‒Baku: Sərvət, ‒ 2013. ‒33 p. 6 Габибов, Н.Д. Пейзажная живопись Азербайджана // Н.Д. Габибов 19 People's Artist Mikayil Abdullayev wrote about this success of his art friend: "In world practice, no one has painted 25 images of an object on canvas, except for ten views of an Italian artist on a mountain."7 Unfortunately, we have only 13 of these works, 3 of them are slides, and 1 of them is preserved in the form of a photo. Huseyn Aliyev's album "Landscapes of Goygol" contained 17 landscapes of the artist. Doctor of Arts, Professor Karim Karimov says about the landscape works of People's Artist Huseyn Aliyev, “Huseyn Aliyev uses the traditional method of miniature artists of the East when creating landscape works. That is, he creates his scenes in his imagination. However, this imagination is based on a deep observation and perception of nature and the world around us.”8 The lyrical nature paintings performed by the artist have a decorative character due to their artistic form and figurative structure. These pure, bright and transparent watercolors completely cover the surface of the work, on the one hand, create a beautiful color harmony, on the other hand, create expressive images that reveal certain, sometimes even isolated, but always decorative content of the work. The second semi-chapter of the second chapter, entitled "Analysis of abstract landscape artistic works with monotype and mixed technique", describes the landscapes and monotypic works created by the artist in different periods in mixed technique. Another technique used by People's Artist Huseyn Aliyev is watercolor monotype. After getting acquainted with the secrets of watercolor technique in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), the artist returned to Azerbaijan and began to apply it. In this technique, water, paint and paper combine to create works with an abstract concept. Mixing colors create abstraction.

‒Москва: Искусство,‒ 1969, ‒c.14 7 Abdullayev, M. His critic was right. Huseyn Aliyev-90// Xalq qəzeti, ‒2001, 27 April. ‒p.5 8 Karimov, K. Huseyn Aliyev. Lyrical landscapes. – Baku: İşıq. ‒1983. ‒p. 7. 20 Although watercolor art has a long history, the technique of monotype was invented in the 17th century by the Genoese artist Giovanni Benedetto Castiglion. G.B. Castiglio's first monotype was “The Creation of Adam (1642)”. Huseyn Aliyev was the first to apply the technique of monotype in Azerbaijani art. Huseyn Aliyev's monotype collection is quite rich in content and texture. His works with monotypic techniques show the audience the artist's high artistic culture, richness of technical capabilities, wide and free use of means of visual expression in a wider and clearer way than all other genres of creativity. In his work in this field, Huseyn Aliyev tries to reflect the reality, not the real hymns of subconscious thinking, inner feelings, natural phenomena, but rather his attitude to them through colors, and gives reason to say that he did it successfully. The composition in such works is based on the dynamics of the objects depicted and is based on successful color relationships. While paying attention to Huseyn Aliyev's work, we are witnessing dynamism mainly in natural landscapes due to more powerful shades of color and the play of colors with each other. The artist realized the expressive dynamics in his works with close or contrasting color games. "The conceptual landscape developed by the monotype technique is broader and more important in terms of consistently revealing the artist's artistic credo."9 Scenes by Huseyn Aliyev working with monotypic technique reveal to the audience the richness of the artist's technical capabilities, the ability to use a wide and free means of visual expression. People's Artist Huseyn Aliyev will always maintain a unique position in the fine arts of Azerbaijan as a great artist who is able to convey to the audience the impressions he had while working

9 Eldarova, L. Trembling shadows, twinkling light, Huseyn Aliyev 1911- 1991/L.Eldarova. ‒Baku: ‒2011. ‒200 p. 21 on his works. As a result, our long-term research on the topic of research has borne fruit, and consistent and fundamental conclusions have been obtained; - All works of fine art that instill a deep philosophical, moral and didactic thought do not exist only in space and are not understood at the first sight at all, as in books and works of art, it takes time to read and comprehend them. Information received by man can be found not only in letters or musical notes, but also in fine arts, such as lines, colors, textures, light and shadow, composition and other means of expression. - The works of Huseyn Aliyev are grouped in the dissertation by relevant genres. - The early and mature periods of Huseyn Aliyev's work are characterized by precise lines, clear contours, clearly chosen themes, simple and clear forms, cheerful and colorful color palette. - His work after the 1970s is characterized by abstract forms, inaccurate lines, changes in style and technique. - For the first time in his research, his research on the styles of primitivism and surrealism was identified in this research work. The reasons why it works in these styles have been investigated for the first time. -Still lifes "Green Apple" and "Apple on the Royal" have a philosophical meaning. - In June 2018, we discovered and researched a number of Huseyn Aliyev's works unknown to the audience and readers which are one of the most successful results of the dissertation. - Although the technique of aquarelle-monotyping has been known in world painting since the XVII century, Huseyn Aliyev was the first artist to apply this technique in the fine arts of Azerbaijan. - During our scientific research, detailed information about the processing of aquarelle-monotype was provided for the first time.

22 - In some animalistic paintings of the People's Artist of Azerbaijan, global themes are touched and universal values are found. - As a result of our scientific research and comparative analysis, it became clear to us that the image of an eagle, often depicted in Huseyn Aliyev's animalistic paintings, is a concrete symbolic image of native Azerbaijan, and a snake is an enemy country, a negative force. Like some other animalistic paintings, these works of the artist are connected with certain events related to our country. The results of scientific research can be used in teaching subjects "History of Fine Arts of Azerbaijan", "History of Azerbaijani art of the XX century" to artists and art critics in art- oriented higher and secondary educational institutions. Information on the rules of development of watercolor- monotype techniques on the creative practice of the artist serves as a practical recommendation for young painters and graphic artists. The allegorical nature of some of the animalistic paintings depicted by the artist in connection with certain events related to our country may be a new and interesting fact for the political and historical sciences of Azerbaijan. The dissertation, like the research work written about Huseyn Aliyev's work, is a valuable resource for everyone working in this field and the general public interested in the problem addressed in the dissertation.

23 The author has published the following scientific articles on the subject:

1. The theme of Goygol in the painting of Huseyn Aliyev // Scientific works of NSU, Geyrat publishing house, - 2014, - p. 189-193. 2. Art on acrylic paper and plexiglass // “Culture.az” Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Azerbaijan, - 2015. ‒s. 86-89. 3. Unforgettable Azeri painter Husein Aliyev //“Проблемы современной науки и образования”. М. – 2015 . стр.240-243. 4.Husein Aliyev”s caricatures in satirical journals //European Research XI International scientific and practical conference. Moscow 2015, pp. 135- 137. 5. The embodiment of different art trends in the works of Huseyn Aliyev // “Scientific works” Nakhchivan NSU “Jealousy” - 2016 p. 200-202 6.Graphic techniques in the works of People's Artist Huseyn Aliyev // Materials of the XX Republican Scientific Conference of Doctoral Students and Young Researchers of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry May 24-25, 2016 in 2 volumes Volume II Baku - 2016 (NSU) p. 525-527. 7.Техники художеств aзербайджанского художника Гусейна Алиева // AMEA-nın Naxçıvan bölməsi Elmi Əsərlər “Axtarışlar” Naxçıvan – 2016. s.160-166 8.Hussein Aliyev`s life-memories and creative activity in his partners` impressions // “Elmi əsərlər” Naxçıvan NDU “Qeyrət” – 2017 s. 274-277 9.Жанровые особенности творчества азербайджанского художника Гусейна Алиева // Московский Государственный Хозяйственный Университет Промышленности журнал «Вестник». М. -2017 c.459-465 10. Still life genre in the works of Huseyn Aliyev "Scientific

24 Works, Nakhchivan": NSU, Zeal, 2017 № 5 (86), p. 151-154 11. Animalistic genre in the works of People's Artist Huseyn Aliyev, III Republican scientific-theoretical conference "Interrelation of science, culture and art and its role in the development of modern society", Baku-2019, pp.72-76. 12. Household genre in Huseyn Aliyev's artistic heritage, international scientific journal "Scientific work", ISSN 2663- 4619, Materials of the I Republican scientific conference on "Fundamentals of humanities and social sciences", Baku-2020, pp.258-261.

25 The defense will be held on _29_ June in 2021 at 1100 at the meeting of the Dissertation Council PhD 2.34 of Supreme Attestation Commission under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan operating at Azerbaijan State Academy of Arts.

Address: Azerbaijan State Academy of Arts , AZ 1029, Baku city, H.Aliyev aven. 26

Dissertation is accessible at the library of Azerbaijan State Painting Academy

Abstract was sent to the required addresses on 27 May 2021

26

Signed for print:25.05.2021 Paper format:60×90.1/16 Volume:1,75 Number of hard copies: 40

27 AZƏRBAYCAN RESPUBLİKASI

Əlyazması hüququnda

XALQ RƏSSAMI HÜSEYN ƏLİYEVİN YARADICILIĞI

İxtisas: 6215.01 – “Təsviri sənət” Elm sahəsi: Sənətşünaslıq

İddiaçı: Səyyarə Namiq qızı Sadıxova

Fəlsəfə doktoru elmi dərəcəsi almaq üçün təqdim edilmiş dissertasiyanın

AVTOREFERATI

BAKI – 2021

28