Social Assessment Report Public Disclosure Authorized
of
Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public
Public Disclosure Authorized Transportation System Project
Public Disclosure Authorized
Management office of Harbin Smart Public Transportation System Construction Project
Public Disclosure Authorized Oct 2013
CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 31 Sep 2013) Currency unit – Yuan (CNY) CNY 1.00 =$0.1627 $1.00 = CNY6.1480
ABBREVIATION
AH Affected Household AP Affected Person CNY Abbreviation for Yuan, PRC’s currency DI Design Institute EA Executing agency EAR Environmental Assessment Report FSR Feasibility Study Report HCWSPTSP Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System Project HH Household HMDRC Harbin Municipal Development and Reform Commission HMTB Harbin Municipal Transport Bureau LAB Land Administration Bureau LA&R Land Acquisition and Resettlement LAO Land Acquisition Office LPMO Local Project Management Office M&E Monitoring and Evaluation mu Chinese land area unit of measure: 1 mu = 0.0667 ha NGO Non-Government Organization PMO Project Management Office PRC People’s Republic of China RMB Renminbi—another word for the PRC Currency, the Yuan RAP Resettlement Action Plan SA Social Assessment
SES Socioeconomic Survey WB World Bank
NOTES
(i) The fiscal year of the Government of the People’s Republic of China and its agencies ends on 31 December. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars and “¥” refers to CNY or Yuan
Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Content
1 Background ...... 1
1.1 Project Description ...... 1
1.2 Tasks and Objectives of Social Assessment ...... 5
1.2.1 Tasks of Social Assessment ...... 5
1.2.2 Objectives of Social Assessment ...... 6
1.3 Bases of Social Assessment ...... 6
1.4 Scope of Social Assessment and its Main Contents ...... 8
1.4.1 Scope of Social Assessment ...... 8
1.4.2 Main Contents of Social Assessment ...... 9
1.5 Process of Investigation ...... 10
2 Socioeconomic Profile of the Project Area and the Project
Introduction ...... 16
2.1 Socioeconomic Profile of the Project Area ...... 16
2.1.1 Introduction of the Project Area ...... 16
2.1.2 Women and Children ...... 19
2.1.3 Disabled ...... 21
2.1.4 Elderly ...... 22
2.1.5 Floating Population ...... 22
2.1.6 Poverty ...... 23
2.1.7 Ethnic Minorities ...... 24
2.2 Project Area ...... 25
Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
2.2.1 Areas Directly Affected by Land Acquisition and House
Demolition 25
2.2.2 Beneficial Areas ...... 28
2.3 The Roles and Impacts of Urban Planning and Policies to the Project
34
2.4 Analysis on the Role of Governments in the Project ...... 37
2.4.1 The Evaluation of Government Fulfilling Its Management
Functions 38
2.4.2 The Evaluation of the Role of Governments as a Public
Investor 40
3 Social Impact Analysis ...... 42
3.1 Project Impacts at Economic Dimensions ...... 42
3.1.1 Regional Economy ...... 42
3.1.2 Residents’ Income and Distribution ...... 43
3.1.3 Employment ...... 44
3.1.4 Infrastructure and Social Services ...... 45
3.1.5 Urbanization...... 45
3.1.6 Vulnerable Groups ...... 47
3.2 Project Impacts at Social Dimensions ...... 48
3.2.1 Social Environment ...... 48
3.2.2 Cultural Heritage ...... 49
3.2.3 Religious Facilities and Worship Facilities ...... 50
3.2.4 Analysis on Special Impacts ...... 50
Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
3.3 Project Environmental Impacts ...... 53
3.4 Other Impacts ...... 54
4. Stakeholder Analysis ...... 56
4.1 Main Stakeholders Identification ...... 56
4.1.1 Process of stakeholders identification ...... 56
4.1.2 Category and analysis of the stakeholders ...... 60
4.2 Requirements of Main Stakeholders...... 62
4.2.1 Government of Harbin City ...... 62
4.2.2 Leader Group of HCWSPTSPand PMO of Harbin City ...... 63
4.2.3 Other Agencies of Government ...... 64
4.2.4 Implementation Agencies ...... 65
4.2.5 Impacted Groups ...... 67
4.2.6 Public transport Travellers ...... 67
4.2.7 Special Groups ...... 69
4.3 Project Impact Analysis to Stakeholders ...... 76
4.3.1 Government of Harbin City ...... 76
4.3.2 PMO of Harbin City ...... 76
4.3.3 Other Agencies of Government ...... 76
4.3.4 Implementation Agency ...... 77
4.3.5 Groups Impacted by the Land Requisition ...... 77
4.3.6 Public transport Travellers ...... 78
4.3.7 Special Groups ...... 78
Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
5. Mutual Adaptability Analysis of the Project and the Local
Society 79
5.1 The Mutual Adaptabilities of Different Stakeholders and the Project
79
5.2 The Adaptability Between the Project and the Local Organizations,
Social Structures ...... 83
5.2.1 The Adaptability Between the Project and the Local
Organizations ...... 83
5.2.2 The Adaptability Between the Project and the Social Structures
87
5.3 The Adaptability Between the Project and the Local Technology,
Culture Conditions ...... 89
5.3.1 Whether Local Technology Meet The Requirements of Project
89
5.3.2 Whether Cultural Conditions Conflict with The Project ...... 90
6. Social Risk Analysis ...... 91
6.1. Identification of Social Risk ...... 91
6.1.1 Social Risks in the Early Phase of Projects ...... 91
6.1.2 Social Risks during Construction Phase ...... 93
6.1.3 Social Risks during Operation Phase ...... 96
6.2. Mitigating Measures ...... 101
6.2.1 Measures for Risk Mitigating at Early Stage of Project ...... 101
6.2.2 Risk Aversion Measures During Construction...... 103
6.2.3 Risk Aversion Measures During the Operation ...... 108
Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
7. The Sustainability Analysis of the Project ...... 110
7.1. The Sustainability Analysis of the Social Benefit ...... 110
7.2. The Sustainability Analysis of the finance ...... 114
7.3. The Sustainability Analysis of the Technologies and
Organizations ...... 118
7.4. The Sustainability Analysis of the Economy ...... 120
8. Planning and Implementation of Social Management ...... 121
8.1. Social Management Plan of the Project ...... 121
8.1.1 Develop Resettlement policy framework ...... 121
8.1.2 Social Impact Mitigation Plan of the Project during
Construction ...... 121
8.1.3 Social Impact Mitigation Plan during Operation of the Project
123
8.1.4 Developing Traffic Safety Management Plan ...... 124
8.1.5 Vulnerable Groups (Old and Sick Pregnant, etc.) Care Plans
124
8.1.6 Stakeholder participation plan...... 125
8.1.7 Early involvement of relevant government departments ..... 133
8.1.8 Early Involvement of Traffic Management Bureau ...... 133
8.1.9 Early Participation in the Transport Sector ...... 134
8.1.10 Early Involvement of Ordinary Urban Residents ...... 135
8.2. Implementation of Social Management Plan ...... 139
8.2.1 Institutional Arrangements and Capacity Building ...... 139
Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
8.2.2 Implementation Plan ...... 142
8.2.3 Emergency Plans ...... 143
9. Monitoring and Evaluation Implementation of Social
Management Plan ...... 145
9.1. Monitoring Agencies ...... 145
9.2. Monitoring Steps and Content ...... 146
9.2.1 Monitoring Steps ...... 146
9.2.2 Monitoring contents ...... 146
9.3. Indicator System ...... 147
9.4. Monitoring and Evaluation Report ...... 149
10. Conclusions and Suggestions ...... 150
10.1. Conclusions ...... 150
10.1.1 The construction of project will promote local sustainable
development...... 150
10.1.2 Most residents support the construction of the project ...... 150
10.1.3 Implementation of the project will be beneficial to the
development of vulnerable groups ...... 150
10.1.4 Public participation policy has been preliminary established
151
10.1.5 Projects have little impact on ethnic minorities ...... 151
10.2. Suggestions ...... 151
10.2.1 Further strengthen public participation ...... 151
10.2.2 Increase the Transparency of Project Information ...... 151
Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
10.2.3 Measures and Suggestions to Promote the Anti-poverty .. 152
10.2.4 Recommendations for specific project construction content
153
10.2.5 Mitigation Measures and Suggestions for Environment
Impact during The Construction ...... 156
10.2.6 Suggestions to Intensify The Unified Management of Bus
System 156
Annex 1 Social Investigation Questionnaire of Project ...... 158
Annex 2 The Taxi Driver Social Investigation Questionnaire ...... 168
Annex 3 Social Investigation Questionnaire for Traffic Police ...... 171
Annex 4 Social Investigation Questionnaire about Floating
Population ...... 175
Annex 5 Bus drivers investigation questionnaire ...... 177
Annex 6 Summarizes of Questionnaire Investigation on Social
Assessment ...... 180
Annex 7 First public participation meeting minutes ...... 263
Annex 8 Second public participation meeting ...... 265
Annex 9 Interview Location: Harbin City Hongqiao Junior High
School ...... 266
Annex 10 Interview Location: Harbin Hongqiao first primary School
...... 268
Annex 11 Interview Location: Harbin Huaxing Primary School ...... 269
Annex 12 Committee on Aging Symposium...... 269
Annex 13 Harbin Daoli District Disabled discussion ...... 273
Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Annex 14 Harbin Low-income groups forum ...... 275
Annex 15 Harbin City Women's Symposium ...... 276
Annex 16 Harbin City Women's Forum 2 ...... 279
Annex 17 Heilongjiang Flying Wing Transportation Company
Interview ...... 282
Annex 18 Heilongjiang Longyun Modern Limited (Taxi) Interview . 284
Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
1 Background
1.1 Project Description
With the development of Harbin city, the number of motor vehicles increase rapidly. Meanwhile, the urban transport issues, with the most typical characteristics as urban congestion, become prominent gradually which need to resolve in an immediate way. Based on the spirit of “The Twelfth Five-Year Economic and Social Development Plan of Harbin City”, and considering the actual requirements of traffic development, Harbin municipal government established a development strategic with the priority to public transport, and proposed to build a smart public transport system which can enhance the development of regional economy, society, urban environment, and urban development through the construction sustainable transportation.
Accordingly, the Harbin municipal government intends to loan from World Bank, to carry out Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System Project (hereinafter called the Project or HCWSPTSP). The overall goal of this project is taking the scientific development concept as the guiding ideology, facing the extremely cold weather in the city, by developing people-oriented, transit-oriented, efficient and safe, low-carbon environmental protection, sustainable economic and convenient public transportation system, with the features of low energy consumption, low pollution, low land occupation, low travel costs and low financial burden, actively responding to the urban transportation problems caused by the extremely cold weather, urbanization, and motorization superimposing, and promoting the sustainable development of urban transport, which may also provide metropolitan public transportation development in extremely cold regions with available successful practices and case that can be implemented, learned from, and can promoted. And finally it would provide an important transportation security for the realization of economic revitalization of Heilongjiang Province.
1 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
The total investment of the project is 1.4 billion Yuan, of which 610 million Yuan (100 million USD) will be loaned from World Bank and the remaining part of the money is solved by the local government’s counterpart funding that accounted for 57.02%.
According to the project feasibility study report (FSR), this project includes the following aspects:
A. Bus priority corridors project, including: Bus priority corridors of Youyi Road (Highway Bridge-Tonggang Street), Hongqi Street (Dongzhi Road-Jinxiang Street) and Xinyang Road (Xiangzheng Street-Jincheng Street). The main construction contains road engineering, drainage engineering, landscape engineering and other subsidiary engineering of bus priority corridors; B. Public transport infrastructure projects, including: the public transport infrastructure construction that contains the construction of Xiangbin Road terminal station, first and last bus stations of Hexie Road and Qunli First Road; bus procurement, 200 environmental protection and energy saving buses ; C. Transport management and security construction projects, including: the construction of bus priority, road safety system and control system, the construction of bus priority, road safety monitoring and law enforcement system, the construction of bus priority and the road safety scheduling command center; D. Road maintenance and emergency response construction projects, including: construction of bus priority road and geographic information management system, and purchases of special motor vehicles for traffic safety； E. Institutional capacity building projects, including: Training for transportation and safety management personnel, Institutional capacity to strengthen the project management institution. The project logical framework is showed in Figure 1-1.
2 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Public Transport Infrastructure Construction
Construction of Buses Bus Intelligence
Traffic Management and Road Maintenance and Bus Priority Corridors Safety Construction Project Emergency Response Construction
Bus Priority and Road Construction of Test Safety Control Systems Bus Priority Equipment for Roads and Corridors Construction B id
Construction of Bus Construction of Road Priority and Road Safety Maintenance System Monitoring and Enforcement Bus Priority Corridors Intelligence Bus Priority and Road Construction of Safety Dispatching Center Emergency Response System
Institutional Capacity Building
Study on urban Study on the Public Strengthen the Domestic and transportation comprehensive transportation construction emergency capacity of international financing and management and safety project research and strategies to strategies of management management training improve public inclement weather training institution transport
Figure 1-1 Project Framework
In order to do a good job in the HCWSPTSP Loaned by World Bank, Harbin City People's Government set up the project construction leading group, constituted by the main leaders of the Harbin Municipal Development and Reform Commission(HMDRC), Harbin Municipal Construction Committee, Harbin Municipal Transportation Bureau(HMTB), the Municipal Finance Bureau, the Municipal Planning Bureau, the Municipal Land Administration Bureau, the Municipal Urban Management Bureau, the Municipal Public Security Traffic Management Bureau, the Municipal Transportation Group, and Harbin Urban Construction Investment Group co., LTD, The Institutional structure of the project is showed in Figure 1-2. 3 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Leading group of the Construction Instruct Project of Harbin Smart Public Transportation System under Extremely Municipal government
Development and Reform Commission Office of leading group of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation system project Coordinate Finance Bureau
Project management office of Harbin Planning Bureau Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System Project Coordinating Land Resources Bureau
Subproject implementation Environmental Protection Bureau Bus Priority Corridors
Institutional Capacity Building Project Housing and Urban Construction Public Transport Infrastructure project Supervise and guide Transportation Bureau
Transport management and security construction project Urban Management Bureau
Road Maintenance and Emergency Response Public Security & Traffic Construction Project Management Bureau
Figure 1-2 Figure of the Institutional Structure of the Project
Harbin Municipal Transportation Bureau takes the lead of this project. The construction of the project will last for 5 years, from January 2014 to April 2018, about 52 months totally.
The benefit area of the project is Harbin City in Heilongjiang Province, but the specific content of the project is concentrated in the central urban area of Harbin.1
1 The central urban area of Harbin means administrative jurisdictions including Nangang District, Daoli District, Daowai District, Xiangfang District, Pingfang District and Songbei District.
4 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Figure 1-3 Geographical Location Map and Administrative Zoning Map for Harbin City
1.2 Tasks and Objectives of Social Assessment
1.2.1 Tasks of Social Assessment
A. Investigate and understand the social economic status of the project area; B. Identify the stakeholders of the project, carry out the mutual adoptability analysis; C. Identify the positive and negative effects may generated during the implementation and operation process of the project, take vulnerable groups and target groups and their appealing to the project into special consideration; D. Design/carry out extensive and effective ways and channels for public participation, develop plans for information disclosure and public participation, to make sure that varies stakeholders can participate in all processes of the project effectively, and insert their reasonable suggests and requirements into project design in time, in order to achieve the project goal of inclusive development manner;
5 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
E. Put forward measures to eliminate or reduce negative impact, social management plan and risk monitoring program.
1.2.2 Objectives of Social Assessment
The main purpose of the social assessment is to identify the various possible social impacts and social risks, make recommendations to eliminate or minimize the social negative effects produced by the implementation of the project and increase the positive social impact. During the project preparation stage, adopt the participatory approach, listen to the demands of different interest groups, achieve the project tasks and benefit more different stakeholders, promote the development in project areas inclusively;
The project preparation, design, construction and operational management meet the project area socio-economic development goals, local circumstances and specific development needs of the target population; provide people in the project area with wider development; improve the social, economic, environmental effect of project implementation and make the project to contribute to the project of regional social development goals; promote the coordinated development of population, society, economy and environment; meanwhile, but also for better implement the Safeguard Polices of World Bank and all the rights specified in the policy of the affected population in the project and carry out the scientific development of "five-in-one" policy in China at the same time.
1.3 Bases of Social Assessment
Social assessment of the project adheres to the people-oriented concept of development; adheres to objectivity, impartiality, fairness, legality, democracy and scientific principle, and strives to minimize project social risk and maximize project social benefit.
Social assessment of the project is based on the relevant laws,
6 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System regulations, and policies of the Nation, Heilongjiang Province, and Harbin City, regard the World Bank’s “five focuses” as the key point of social analysis project, which include social diversity and gender, institutions, regulations and behavior, stakeholders, participation and social risks. As the focus of project social analysis, social risks are implemented gradually through adopting the assessment method of overall process, participation and various angles. Specifically shown in table 1-1:
Table 1-1 Base of Social Assessment
Type Name Enacted time The World Bank operations manual——OP/BP Dec.2001 4.12 Involuntary Immigrants
The World Bank operations manual－－Business Jul.2005 policy OP4.10 Minorities The World Bank operations manual——OP 4.00 Polici Environment and Social Security Problem under Mar.2005 es of the Pilot Use by the Borrower Countries Treat the WB Project Loaned by the World Bank
The World Bank operations manual－－OP 4.11 Aug.1999 Cultural Relics Resettlement Monitoring and Evaluation Manual for the Project Loaned by the World in China Jun.2000 (Discussion paper) The Land Administration Law of the People's Aug.2004 Republic of China Laws The Environmental Protection Law of the People's and Dec.1989 Republic of China regul The Law of the People's Republic of China on the ation Feb. 2008 Prevention and Control of Water Pollution s in The Women's Rights and Interests Protection Act Chin 1st Oct.1992 of the People's Republic of China a The Government Information Disclosure Jun.2007 Ordinance of the People's Republic of China Name Unit
Indus Social Assessment Manual for Investment China International try Projects in China docu Engineering Consulting
7 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Type Name Enacted time ment Corporation s Guideline for the Feasibility Study of Investment China International Engineering Consulting Projects Corporation Master plan in Harbin City Twelfth Five-year Plan for National Economic and
Social Development in Harbin City “Twelfth five” Environment Protection Plan in
Harbin City Harbin International Engineering Consulting Project Proposal of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Center Proje Public Transport System Project Beijing China Consulting ct Overseas Consulting co., data LTD Harbin International Engineering Consulting Feasibility Study Report of Harbin Cold Weather Center Smart Public Transport System Project Beijing China Consulting Overseas Consulting co., LTD Environmental impact assessment of Harbin Cold Environment ASTRI in Weather Smart Public Transport System Project Heilongjiang Province
1.4 Scope of Social Assessment and its Main Contents
1.4.1 Scope of Social Assessment
The scope of social assessment of the project is the project’s influence area and benefit area. The influence area of the project is the main urban area of Harbin; the benefit area is the whole Harbin City. To the influence area, the SA mainly investigates and analyzes the negative effects to groups in the area and surrounding area, which include the category of this effect, the extent of this effect and the measures and suggestions of reducing this effect. To the benefit area, the SA mainly investigates and analyzes the positive effects bringing by the construction of the project, and maximizes the benefits.
8 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
In order to get the objective, it is neceaasry to investigate and research the main social problems in the project area, including social and economic status in project area, social and economic problems, social security policy, and the duty performance of the management and implementation institution in project area, specifically issues such as social gender issues, ethnic and religious issues, vulnerable groups issues, environment issues, employment issues, social security issues, land acquisition and relocation issues may be involved because of the site selection, etc. are all in the range of the social assessment.
1.4.2 Main Contents of Social Assessment
The social assessment of the project mainly includes: social analysis (Social Impact Analysis of the project, the stakeholder analysis, analysis of social adaptability, social risk analysis of the project, project sustainability analysis), assessment of the public functions of government in project construction, social management plan and implementation of monitoring and evaluation etc.
Favorable social impacts of this project mainly show as follow: Project outputs are important urban public infrastructures, they are the basic elements of urban production, urban economic and social development. Project construction can guarantee public traffic supply in Harbin City; improve the public transport situation of Harbin City, improve people's living standard and life quality, promote economic and social development.
Adverse social impacts of this project mainly show as follows: different interest groups such as residents (especially vulnerable groups among them), enterprises and institutions may be adversely affected in the project area; With the gradual increase of municipal infrastructure construction level and product quality standard, it will bring about changes in social services or the price of public goods, which may increase the economical burden of the poor or
9 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
vulnerable groups in the urban.
The key points of social assessment of the project are: Understand the feelings, attitudes and needs of Project beneficiaries on the project construction (Especially the public transport needs in the winter cold season), understand their willingness and ability to pay; the land expropriation and housing demolition and resettlement activities that may involved in the project should be concerned, analysis and evaluation of the negative impacts on the impaired groups of the project, propose a reasonable compensation measures and means; In the process of bus-product updates and files, analysis of the different groups of the willingness and ability to pay, balance the problems of the public transportation costs; seek the views and demands of the projects for specific groups(Old, weak, sick, disabled, women, migrants, etc.), consider and absorb their recommendations in the design of the project (the platform, road, signal, command and control system); should provide policy support to the poor or vulnerable groups, help them to alleviate the economic pressure, they can also benefit from the project.
1.5 Process of Investigation
Public Administration School of Hohai University undertakes the SA work of the project that commissioned by Harbin Harbin Municipal Transportion Bureau (commissioned by Harbin International Engineering Consulting Center in the earlier stage), and carries out the first field investigation from Mar. 19th to Mar. 30th, 2013.
The purpose of the survey is to target stakeholder travel status, traffic safety awareness and education will, transportation infrastructure construction will and their views of the project. Determine the project's main stakeholders and their interaction with the project, including what kind of influence of the proposed project will affect them, and their influence may be applied to the project.
10 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Collect the part of the official data and information; carry out the questionnaire of the SA of the project, interview and symposium and survey all the proposed sites of the project during field investigation.
The literature and data collected, included: Statistical Yearbook of the past three years, the aging population, women and other special data in Harbin City, the latest project proposal, project pre-feasibility study report and some special planning reports etc.
Perform random sample surveys which focus on residents, passengers, taxi drivers, bus drivers and traffic police etc. that in the scope of the proposed projects, three bus priority corridors, first and last stop, transfer center and other related sub-project included. There are a total of 580 questionnaires were given out (500 combination questionnaires, 30 questionnaires for bus driver, 50 questionnaires for foreogn population inside) and all questionnaires are valid. Questionnaires were used in open, closed and semi-open semi-enclosed three forms in order to reflect the respondents’ views accurately, objectively and comprehensively.
Research group organized a number of special meetings for public participation (the elderly, women, disabled, etc.), successively performed the discussion or the special interview with Traffic bureau, Finance Bureau, Ethnic and Religious Affairs Bureau, the Bureau of Civil Affairs, Senior Citizens' Work Committee, the Women’s Federation, Federation of the Disabled, Education Bureau, bus companies (including state-run and privately-owned), taxi companies, etc. during field investigation.
Use participant observation, interview with three schools along the line and some potential sensitive points (residential quarters, religious places, hospitals, shopping malls and others) during field investigation.
Also, SA team surveyed some of the projects' addresses (first and last stop, parking protection sites) and conducted a symposium with relative units.
11 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
The SA group not only makes more people know about the basic information of the project, but also collects the residents’ opinion and suggestions directly by questionnaire survey. The SA group gains the first hand information, understands the situation, requirements and suggestions of direct stakeholders by investigating the project site and visiting the residents, advertise the purpose and the expected effect of the project correctly, eliminate their worries due to the misunderstand of the project. The detailed investigation process is listed in table 1-2.
Table 1-2 Investigation Process
Investigation process
A. During the period from 15th Mar.2013 to 30th Mar.2013, questionnaire investigation group carried out the questionnaire investigation. B. 19th Mar.2013, public participated in the meeting.
The director of HMDRC, relative people in foreign affairs office of HMDRC, previous department of Harbin International Engineering Consulting Center, Traffic Management
Bureau, Transport Department, Urban Management Bureau, the Planning Bureau in Harbin
City, International Engineering Consulting Center, Hohai University, Environment ASTRI of
Heilongjiang Province attended the meeting. The meeting introduced the HCWSPTSP, explained the work that should be accomplished by each department.
C. 20th Mar. 2013, public participated in the meeting for the second time.
The director of HMDRC, relative people in foreign affairs office of HMDRC, previous department of Harbin International Engineering Consulting Center, delegates from each department (Ethnic and Religious Affairs Bureau, the Women’s Federation, the Bureau of
Civil Affairs, Federation of the Disabled, Senior Citizens' Work Committee, Tourism Bureau,
Land Resources Bureau, Finance Bureau, Price Bureau, The Environmental Protection
Agency, Traffic bureau, Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Education Bureau),
SA group from Hohai University attended the meeting. The director of HPDRC introduced the Harbin cold weather smart cold transportation system project to all the delegates, SA
12 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Investigation process group from Hohai University introduced the SA work, and arranged the visiting time to each department.
D. 22th Mar.2013, elderly participated in the meeting.
The director and the deputy director of Human Rights Commissioner of Senior Citizens'
Work Committee attended the meeting. During the meeting, the elderly delegates provided their suggestion in terms of problems they met while taking the buses.
E. 22nd Mar.2013, pupils and middle school students participated in the meeting.
Visit Harbin Hongqiao junior high school, Harbin Hongqiao first primary school， Harbin xinghua primary school. Understand the present situation of these schools, the requirements and problems of primary and middle school students while taking the buses from each headmaster.
F. 25th Mar.2013, welfare group participated in the meeting.
The section chief of the Bureau of Civil Affairs, the section chief of Fushun Street Office, welfare delegates attended the meeting. The meeting knew the views and suggestions of welfare group to the project.
G. Morning in 26th Mar.2013, women participated in the meeting.
The chairman and vice-chairman of the Women’s Federation of Daowai District and other eleven women delegates attended the meeting. These eleven women delegates came from different positions and put forward their views and suggestions in terms of macro and micro.
H. Afternoon in 26th Mar.2013, bus company participated in the meeting.
We visited the Harbin head bus company. Manager of the company, Minister of Ministry of information operations, and leaders of each fleet attended the meeting. We acknowledge the basic situation and operation situation of the company, their views to project and problems hope to be solved.
I. Morning in 27th Mar.2013, women participated in the meeting for the second time.
13 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Investigation process
Twelve women delegates from different position, have different standard of education, and covered the large age span. In the meeting, they put forward a lot of views and opinions in terms of requirements of women.
J. Afternoon in 27th Mar.2013, privately owned companies participated in the meeting.
Visited Feiyi Passenger Transportation Company. The manage introduced the basic situation of the company, problems existed during operation; they showed support to the project and put forward some suggestions at the same time.
K. Morning in 28th Mar.2013, the disabled participated in the meeting.
L. Afternoon in 28th Mar.2013, survey the first and last stop and the parking protection sites).
Investigated the first road comprehensive hub station in Qunli, Haxi No. 3 first and last stop, a hub station, bus stop on Xiangbin Road, and acknowledged the situation of sites surrounding the construction site.
M. 29th Mar. 2013, interviewed the taxi company.
Visited Heilongjiang Xiandai Co., LTD. The deputy manager introduced the basic situation and put forward reasonable suggestion. He said the construction of roads and the intelligent system was very helpful to the operation of cab companies.
On July 9, 2013, participated in the project preparation meeting that mainly focus on coordinating and boosting the project, and communicated with feasibility study units, EIA units and owners.
On July 19, 2013, updated the SA report based on the latest feasibility study report.
From August 1 to 13, 2013, carried out the complementary investigation in the changed sites and updated SA report according to the latest feasibility
14 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System study report.
15 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
2 Socioeconomic Profile of the Project Area and the Project
Introduction
2.1 Socioeconomic Profile of the Project Area
2.1.1 Introduction of the Project Area
Harbin is located in east longitude 125°42'-130°10', north latitude 44°04'-46°40', the northeast of China northern areas, the south of Heilongjiang Province, and is the capital of Heilongjiang Province. Harbin is located in the center of the northeast Asia, is known as the pearl of the Eurasian continental bridge, is the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the northern part of northeast, one of the four big center cities in northern China, and is also the mega city whose jurisdiction of the land area is the largest, and jurisdiction of the population is the second. Total area of Harbin City is 53,100 km2, has jurisdiction of 8 districts and 7 counties, and escrows S3 county-level cities. Harbin is famous historical and cultural city and tourist city in China, always has laudatory names such as “the eldest son of the Republic of China”, “city of ice”, “pearl under swan’s neck”, “Oriental Moscow” and “ Oriental Small Paris” and “ice city in summer”, etc.
Harbin is located in the northernmost of China, is the metropolis with the highest latitude and the lowest temperature. Harbin has four distinct seasons, whose winter is long and cold, but summer is cool and short. The air temperature changes quickly in spring and autumn, both of the two seasons are transition season, and the time of the two seasons is short. Concentrated rainfall period is from Jul. to Aug. every year in Harbin, concentration of snow period is from Nov. to Jun. next year. The average annual temperature is 3.6℃.
The coldest Jun., the average temperature is 13.2℃ to 24.8℃ below zero, the hottest Jul., the average temperature is 18.1℃ to 22.8℃.
16 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
In 2011, there are 107 street agencies, 765 community residents' committees, 112 town governments, 70 township governments and 1883 villagers committees in the whole city of Harbin. The urban area of Harbin is divided into Daoli District, Daowai District, Nangang District, Pingfang District, Songbei District, Hulan District and Acheng District, there are 107 street agencies, 629 community residents' committees, 33 town governments, 7 township governments and 484 villagers committees in eight main urban areas.
In 2011, GDP in Harbin is 424.22 billion, had an increase of 12.3% over the previous year, among them, the first industry realized the added value of 44.72 billion yuan, with an increase of 7.0%, the second industry realized the added value of 164.72billion yuan, with an increase of 14.4%, the third industry realized the added value of 214.78 billion yuan, with an increase of 12.0%. Non-state ownership economy accounts for 52.7% of the city's GDP. The share of the three industries adjusted from 11.3:37.8:50.9 last year to 10.5:38.8:50.7. The contribution rate of the first, second, third industry to increase is 6.4%, 44.2% and 49.4% respectively. Per capita GDP is 42,736 yuan, had an increase of 12.2% over the previous year.
In 2011, the fixed assets investment in the whole society is 301.2 billion yuan. The total amount of import and export is $5.12 billion, including import amount $2.26 billion and export amount $2.86 billion. In 2011, per capita GDP reached 42,736 yuan. In 2011, the local general budget revenue is 30.03 billion yuan, had an increase of 26.1% over the previous year. The fiscal general spending is 30.03 billion yuan, had an increase of 23.0% over the previous year. Urban and rural residents per capita disposable income was 20,031 yuan, had an increase of 14.1% over the previous year. Farmers per capita net income is 9,608 yuan, had an increase of 19.8%
In the end of 2011, the population of the whole Harbin City is 9.9327 million, including 4.7152 million people in urban area, 5.2175 million people in 17 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System counties (cities) administered by Harbin City.
Table 2-1 Situation of Social and Economic in Harbin City (2009—2011)
No. Index Unit 2009 2010 2011 Million Registered population 9.9159 9.9202 9.9327 1 people Ten Among them: thousan 47.701 47.577 47.645 non-agricultural population d people Billion GDP 317.55 366.49 424.22 2 yuan Billion First industry 39.91 41.27 44.72 2.1 yuan Billion Second industry 114.82 138.46 164.72 2.2 yuan Among them: industrial Billion 83.77 102.16 119.72 2.3 added value yuan Billion Third industry 162.83 186.76 214.78 2.3 yuan The fixed asset investment Billion 189.21 265.19 301.20 3 of the whole society yuan Billion Industrial sales value 287.40 338.97 390.49 4 yuan Social total retail sales of Billion 150.79 177.02 207.04 5 consumer goods yuan The actual use of foreign Billion $ 622.02 700.10 794.04 6 capital Billion Local fiscal revenue 19.34 23.81 30.03 7 yuan Urban per capita disposable 8 Yuan 15,887 17,557 20,031 income Per capita net income of 9 Yuan 6,776 8,020 9,608 rural residents
18 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
2.1.2 Women and Children
Women account for half of the country's population, are important force in economic and social development. It is intrinsic motivation and important way to realize the women's liberation by maintaining women's rights with the development and promoting women's development with the safeguard of legal human rights. It is great significant to the development of national economic and the progress of social civilization in China by safeguarding the rights and interests of women, promoting women's development and promoting the equality between men and women.
Childhood is the key period to people's physical and psychological development. It provides necessary condition to children development, gives children necessary protection, nursing and good education, and will lay the important foundation for the whole life development.
Harbin Women and Children Work Committee is the deliberation and coordination agency of women and children work in Harbin. It takes charge of coordinating and promoting governments at all levels and relevant departments to carry out laws and regulations Conscientiously, such as The Protection of Women's Rights of The People's Republic of China, Law of Mother and Infant Health Care, Labor Law, etc., implement the Program of China's Women Development, Women Development Planning in Heilongjiang Province (2011-2015), Children Development Planning in Heilongjiang Province (2011-2015) and protect the legitimate rights and interests of women and children.
Sex ratio in project area in 2011 is 106.22:100 (set 100 for women, the proportion of men to women).
Table 2-2 Basic Situation of Women Population in Project Area
County 2009 2010 2011
19 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
（city） The Female The
The proportion of househol proportion Female proportion Female household of female household female d of female
population household population household populatio household population population n population
The Whole 4,910,73 4,926,46 4,889,692 49.3% 49.5% 49.6% City 4 4
2,368,02 2,372,15 Urban Area 2,360,269 49.7% 50.2% 50.3% 9 0 Nangang 504,942 49.9% 503,878 51.2% 505,416 50.7% District Daoli 362,193 50.8% 363,760 50.5% 367,678 51.4% District Daowai 346,489 50.3% 346,437 50.4% 348,708 50.6% District Songbei 98,965 48.8% 96,624 49.5% 99,056 49.8% District Xiangfang 374,576 48.8% 385,329 50.4% 379,320 50.4% District Pingfang 79,744 49.6% 80,103 49.7% 79,762 49.7% District Hulan 304,629 49.1% 304,015 49.0% 305,421 49.2% District Aching 288,731 49.6% 287,880 49.5% 286,789 49.5% District
Source: The year-book of Harbin City
All counties in project area has accessed to compulsory education universally, and put forward the Poverty Student Grants for Solicitation and Management of Usage of Compulsory Education in Harbin City, Notification about that Free Miscellaneous Fees, Provide Free Textbooks, and Sent out A Boarding Subsidy to Students from Poor Families in Rural Area during Compulsory Education Phase, Notification about that during Students in Families Who Enjoy Minimum Life Ensures Policy enjoy the policy “two free one filling” during Compulsory Education Phase in The Urban Area and
20 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Provide Grant to Students from Farmers Families Who are Migrant Workers and Whose Economy Is Particularly Difficult, and Interim Administration Measures for Going to School during Compulsory Education Phase for Migrant Workers in Harbin, published Opinions on promoting the reform and development of vocational education, decided to establish poverty student grants to secondary vocational education in our city. It improves the enrollment rate of school-age children, and eliminates gender difference in basic education on the whole. According to the statistics by the Bureau of Education in Harbin, in 2011, there are 824 all kinds of schools in urban area of Harbin, the number of enrollment students in all levels and all kinds of schools is 1,017,075, the enrollment rates of elementary school and junior high school are both reach 100%. Table 2-3 below is the basic situation of children enrollment in the urban area of Harbin.
Table 2-3 The Basic Situation of Children Enrollment in Urban Area of Harbin
Education Unit 2009 2010 2011 Students in school Person 997,096 997,980 1,017,075 General high school Person 459,122 471,700 471,652 Secondary school Person 238,815 235,383 230,519 Elementary school Person 193,510 190,461 189,480
2.1.3 Disabled
Disabled means that the people, whose organization and function is lost or not normal in terms of psychology, physiology and body structure, loss all or part of the ability of engaging in some activities in a normal way. Disabled include visual disabilities, hearing disabilities, speech disabilities, physical disabilities, intelligent disabilities, mental disabilities, multiple disabilities and other disabilities. According to the sampling survey report of second national handicapped person on 28th May. 2007, there are 556,000 all kinds of disabled in Harbin, account for 5.72% of the population. Until now, there are 190,946 disabled have get the certificate, including 19,066 visual disabilities, account
21 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
for 9.98% of the whole disabilities who get the certificate; 11.935 hearing disabilities, account for 6.25% of the whole disabilities get the certificate; 123,413 physical disabilities, account for 64.6% of the whole disabilities get the certificate; 17,412 intelligent disabilities, account for 9.1% of the whole disabilities get the certificate; 10,597 mental disabilities, account for 5.54% of the whole disabilities get the certificate; 5,625 multiple disabilities, account for 2.94% of the whole disabilities get the certificate;
2.1.4 Elderly
In China, citizens older than 60 years old are elderly. Until the end of 2012, the elderly population is 1.5423 million in Harbin, accounts for 15.52% of the total population, in 2006, according to 21 national ministries and commissions Opinions on Strengthening The Elderly Preferential Treatment Work, Strengthen The Elderly Preferential Treatment Work in Heilongjiang Province, in combination with the practical situation of city construction and economic development, Harbin has published new Discount for Old People in Harbin as No.147 government order. Distribute the red “respect courtesy card” to elderly from 60 to 69 years old These elderly can enjoy preferential policies to some extent when taking buses, entering into the park and tourist attractions, using public restrooms that are not free of charge. Until the end of 2012, the cumulative distribution of “respect courtesy card” is 630,525, including 295,380 from 60 to 69 years old, 335,145 older than 70 years old. Foreign old people holding the old courtesy card issued by the local government agency or old-age works can enjoy preferential treatment equal to elderly in Harbin City.
2.1.5 Floating Population
Floating population includes the inflow and outflow of population. The contact between outflow of population and the project is not strong. Among them, the inflow of population mainly includes non-local household registration
22 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System population about tourism, business and workers that from the field. Because the rapid development of economy in the project area provides a lot of jobs for foreign labors, especially such as Daoli District and Daowai District, the number of inflow of foreign population keeps at a high level.
Table 2-4 Population Situation in Harbin City
Unit 2009 2010 2011
Total population in the end of the Person 9,915,892 9,920,216 9,932,679 year in Harbin Population in Person 4,746,801 4,717,945 4,715,198 urban area Pupulation in counties (cities) Person 5,169,091 5,202,271 5,217,481 administered by Harbin City Inflow population Person 99,730 104,216 97,815 Inflow population Person 73,427 74,361 69,348 in urban area Outflow Person 145,261 150,941 119,172 population Outflow population in Person 108,833 108,846 79,591 urban area
2.1.6 Poverty
Poverty is a relative phenomenon of poor social and material life, and this phenomenon can be reflected by the subsistence allowance system for both urban and rural residents. There are five categories of people enjoy subsistence allowance determined by the Civil Affairs Bureau, they are civil residents enjoy subsistence allowance, people have low-income and difficult or in low-income families in urban area, rural residents enjoy subsistence allowance, low-income families in rural area, people enjoy five insurance in rural area. To these people, Civil Affairs Bureau gives minimum subsidy on time every month. At the same time, in resent year, in order to improve the life quality of these people, the Bureau increases investment year by year, gives 23 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
more than a dozen aids, such as medical, education, housing, warming, heating, watering, power supply, compensation for demolition, property, reducing the fee of cable TV, temporary assistance, holiday rescue, and so on to civil families enjoy subsistence allowance. The Bureau gives many aids, such as medical, education, housing, warming, heating, watering, temporary assistance, holiday rescue, and so on to people have low-income and difficult and in low-income families in urban area.
Table 2-5 Social Security Situation in Harbin City
Unit 2009 2010 2011
The number of urban and rural residents with minimum living Person 39,400 378,000 379,000 allowance The number of urban residents Person 22,400 202,000 198,000 with minimum living allowance The number of rural residents Person 17,000 176,000 181,000 with minimum living allowance The minimum standard of living Yuan/Month 310 360 360
2.1.7 Ethnic Minorities
Harbin City is a multi-ethnic fusion of the land. According to incomplete statistics, it has 40 ethnic minorities in existence, and the population of minority is about 200,000. There is 1 Manchu Nationality township, 10 ethnic villages, 2 fixed-point production enterprise for ethnic minorities supplies, nearly thousand various ethnic minority enterprises in all kinds of the form of ownership, 2 national hospitals, 12 national primary and secondary schools and kindergartens, 1 minority culture and art groups, 6 fellowship groups of ethnic minorities, and 2 cemeteries for Hui Nationality. Moreover, as the provincial capital city, there are millions minorities population inflow into Harbin for study, work or business, and constituting a relatively complete ethnic minority economic and social sysytem.
Confirm by the Ethnic and Religious Affairs in Harbin City, the rate of
24 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
minorities in construction area of each sub-project of the project is very low, and no minority areas involved, so the minorities will not be affected by the project.
2.2 Project Area
2.2.1 Areas Directly Affected by Land Acquisition and House Demolition
According to present project proposal, and the verbal confirmation of Harbin Bureau of Land and Resources, the construction content and site of the project purposes will not involve the rural collective land expropriation, will only involve state-owned land use right transfer, the demolition of a small amount of buildings or structures and temporary occupies2.
Bus priority corridors construction project is line broadening on the basis of the original urban traffic line (among them, only the passage from Railway Street to Harbin Street using roadside broaden pattern, the passage from Beixin Street to Youyi Street and Hongqi Street using the pattern of demolishing the green belt way in middle of the road for road widening, extra land expropriation is not involved, See table 2-6) and supporting facilities optimization. The land occupied by the roadside broaden from Railway Street to Harbin Street3 is reserve land for city planning road construction land, and is state-owned land property. Because bus priority corridors construction project is the public infrastructure project, has public welfare attribute, the part of state-owned land need to be occupied intends to take unpaid transfer manner, do not need to compensate4. However road broaden may involve a small amount of demolition of buildings or structures, and may occupy some land temporarily.
2 This conclusion need further confirmation after the scope out of red line in feasibility study.
3 Now this part of the area has not been calculated.
4 Has not been confirmed by the bureau of Land and Resources, also do not get relevant materials.
25 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Bus hub stations construction is on Xiangbin Road in Harbin, the total area is 34,801 m2, the total planning construction area of 48,693 m2, the construction content including: garbage, maintenance station, car wash center, comprehensive hub station, waiting corridors, and so on. The project is transformation project in situ, and the land is state-owned, the units such as Harbin Head Bus Company have obtained the state-owned land use card5. Because the nature of project is reconstruction, which does not involve the change of state-owned land use right, the demolition caused by the project is self-built and self- demolition. The affected enterprise is Harbin Head Bus Company itself; all affected staff are workers in Harbin Head Bus Company. The company and staff are not only the people who affected by project, but also main beneficiaries of the project, and the effects are all short-term effects. The affected enterprise promised that no one will be out of work due to the project, and the livelihood and income of affected workers will not be lower because of the project. Therefore, there is no need to compensate these worker or enterprise.
According to the introduction of project unit, two first and last sites will be built in Harbin (No.3 in Hexie, the first road in Qinli), the total land area of engineering is 14,406m2, the site of the first road in Qinli is empty now, and no demolition involved; site near No.3 in Hexie is building houses now, the nature of the land of first and last site is state-owned empty land, and ground building nearby is construction barrack for workers. After the finished of the engineering, the barrack will be automatically removed to empty. So neither two first and last sites involve the use of land acquisition and demolition.
The construction of bus stations also involves land occupation in this project. The project plans to build new anti-cold bus shelters, set awnings and electronic bus stops, add seasonal warming facilities in bus stops in Harbin.
5 Relevant units has committed to provide use card copy of the state-owned land later.
26 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
This kind of construction all located on the state-owned transport land and is not involved land acquisition and house demolition. .
It is present situation of planning location and the construction site of some sub-project below.
Figure 2-1 The Present Situation of Construction Site of Comprehensive Hub Station in Xiangbin Road
27 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Figure 2-2 The Present Situation of Construction Site of First and Last Stop of First
Road in Qunli
Figure 2-3 The Present Situation of Construction Site of First and Last Stop of No.3 in
Haxi
2.2.2 Beneficial Areas
The project focuses on the construction of bus priority corridors, through demonstration analysis for many times of the planning bureau, transportation bureau, traffic management bureau, urban construction bureau, urban management bureau and so on, finally select the three bus corridors including
28 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
passage of Youyi Road (Tonggang Street to Highway Bridge), the passage of Xinyang Road (Xiangzheng Street to Jincheng Street), the passage of Hongqi Street (Dongzhi Road to Jingxiang Street), 21.59km in total. It aims at improving the whole level of bus service in corridors. In terms of land development trend, the surrounding of the three corridors are gathering spots of comprehensive, transportation, administrative, science, business, housing, industry, which occupy the important position.
Among them, passage of Youyi Road crosses many commercial hub, and its function is positioning for commercial leisure service; Hongqi Street crosses three districts in Harbin, has important commuting function, and its function is positioning for services to residents’ commuting travel demand; the passage of Xinyang Road connects Harbin airport and Harbin main business districts, the transport demands of transportation is huge. The basic situation of each bus corridor can be seen below.
Table 2-6 Basic Situation of Each Bus Corridor
Mileage No. Name First and last stop Form （km）
Highway In the 1 Passage of Youyi Road Bridge—Tonggang 8.5 middle Street Dongzhi In the 2 Passage of Hongqi Street Road—Tongxiang 9.1 middle Street Xiangzheng On 3 Passage of Xinyang Road Street—Jincheng 7.63 roadside Street Total 25.23 Now, there are 84 bus lines go through three public transport corridors in total, among them, the passage of Youyi Road (Highway Bridge, Tonggang Street): 28; passage of Xinyang Road: 19; Passage of Hongqi Street: 37. The information of bus stops in the three bus corridors is shown below:
29 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Table 2-7 The Information of Bus Stops in Three Bus Corridors in 2012
No. No of . of Name of No. Name First and last stop Name of stop sto lin line p e Dock Board; 1 、 Timber Market; Nitht1 、 Feida Board Market; 2、2K、 Sharpening Stone 3、8、9、 Factory; Gengxin 12、13、 Street; Longjiang 13、16、 Boiler Factory; 19、20、 Songpu Bridge; 23、24、 Daowai Twenty 26、29、 Street; Passage of Tonggang Street—Highway Daotai Fu; 1 20 28 56、64、 Youyi Road Bridge Daowai Twelve 65、72、 Street; Daowai 74、76、 Seven Street; Daowai Three 79、83、 Street; Beihuan 84、87、 Shopping Mall; 94、95、 University for Senior 102 、 Citizens; Children 107 、 Hospital; Monument for 108 、 Preventing Flood (Youyi 109 、 Road);
30 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
No. No of . of Name of No. Name First and last stop Name of stop sto lin line p e Youyigong 118 、 Road; National 120 、 People's Congress; 126 、 Newspaper Building; 201 、 Academy of Social 202 、 Sciences
206 、
551 、
Outskirt 6 Jinwei Street; Beian Street; Anshen 66、84、 Street; Administrativ 91、114 e Service 119, Center of the City; 102 ， Central Hospital; 106 ， Kangan Passage of XiangzhengStreet—Jinche Road; 119 ， 2 Xinyang 16 19 ng Street Modern Road Department 112 ， of Orthopaedics 114，14， Hospital; Municipal 5，61， Tenth No.3 Hospital; Bus Zhigong Line to Street; Airport Xianjin Street; Xianjin Street;
31 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
No. No of . of Name of No. Name First and last stop Name of stop sto lin line p e Yingbin Neighborhoo d; Longjiang Bus Factory; Municipal transport Company; Vehicle Gear Factory; Renhe Village; Yiji Repair Company Peace 3、8、13、 Bridge; Daxin Shoe 14、22、 Mall; Honghe 23、24、 Community; Hongping 26、27、 Community; Hongqi 28、32、 Furniture City; 51、61、 Liaohe Road; Passage of Dongzhi Road—Tongxiang Huaihe Road; 3 Hongqi 18 37 62、68、 Street Convention Street and 71、72、 Exhibition Center; 74、76、 Songlei Middle 84、89、 School; Hanshui 90、91、 Road; Hanjiang 93、105、 Road; Ganshui 108 、 Road;
32 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
No. No of . of Name of No. Name First and last stop Name of stop sto lin line p e Nongken 112 、 Building; Hongqi 117 、 Street; Xiangfang 201 、 Street; Bearing 203 、 Factory; Steam 205 、 Turbine Factory; 208 、 Tongxiang Street 209 、
333 、
337 、
365
Table 2-8 Repeated Coefficient of Bus Line In Harbin Urban Area
No. Name Repeated coefficient
1 Passage of Youyi Road 6.8
2 Passage of Xinyang Road 3.5
3 Passage of Hongqi Street 6.4
Forecast for the demand of three bus corridors of is about 966.5 thousand person/day.
Table 2-9 Traffic Statistics of Three Bus Corridors
Morning rush Evening rush Flat peak No. Name (thousand (thousand (thousand person/day) person/day) person/day) 1 Passage of Youyi Road 90 72 198
2 Passage of Xinyang Road 12.5 10 27.5
3 Passage of Hongqi Street 85 68 187
33 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Table 2-10 Daily Service Ability of Three Bus Corridors
No. Name Daily Service Ability (thousand person/day) 1 Passage of Youyi Road 360
2 Passage of Xinyang Road 50
3 Passage of Hongqi Street 340
Although. after years of development, transport infrastructure in Harbin has reached a certain size, but in terms of the construction of transport corridor, transportation structure configuration, urban traffic and external traffic cohesion, line and station cohesion and the coordination of different transport ways, it lacks overall planning. The construction of three corridors makes the benefit group involve all groups taking these buses, including not only permanent population who set public transport as the main way to travel in urban area of Harbin, but also foreign population such as people in the outskirt or surrounding counties and cities, migrants and tourism. It has a positive role of improving the image of the Harbin City, improving urban ecological and human environment.
2.3 The Roles and Impacts of Urban Planning and Policies to the Project
In terms of the development of urban public transportation, municipal party committee and municipal government give the highly valued to them, and establish favorable policy and planning lead. Harbin published documents such as Passenger Transportation Management Regulations of Buses, Trolley and Wheel Ferry, The Implementation Opinion of Giving Priority to the development of Harbin Public Transportation, Planning and Construction Management Regulations of Harbin Public Transport Infrastructure and so on. Public transportation has priority to some extent in terms of land use, taxation, way right, investment and so on. At the same time, Harbin formulated Comprehensive Transportation Development Planning in Harbin City, Special Planning of Public Transportation Construction Development in Harbin City, 34 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
and Special Planning of Public Transportation Terminal Facilities Construction in Harbin City, published Feasibility Suggestions of BRT construction of Large Capacity and Rapid Transit Bus Lines Harbin City, Planning of Public Transport Lanes System in Harbin City. Scientific and reasonable city development planning brings a good opportunity to the development of public transportation in Harbin City.
The Harbin municipal government indicated clearly in Notification by People's Government of Harbin City on printing the12th five-year plan about the national economic and social development of Harbin City (In 2011, No.6) that, implement bus priority development strategy, improve the bus coverage, increase the proportion of public transport to more than 45%in urban total travel, steam trams in central city public average delivery speed reach more than 20 km/hour, the punctuality get more than 85%, quality of public transport service has improved significantly.
National work conference of public transportation is hold in Shenzhen on 29th Oct. 2012. In this meeting, Harbin City was named the national first “bus demonstration city” title, became one of the first 14 “bus city” pilot cities. Harbin sets building national demonstration bus city as the goal, establishes coordinated various mode public passenger transport system, makes ten thousand bus reach 15 standard units, makes public trolley average operating speed reach 20 km/hour, makes the coverage rate of 500 meters around bus station reach 90%, realizes that passenger can transfer the bus in 500 meters and within 5minutes in main urban area, and gets the goal that share rate of public passenger transportation system reaches 45%. The goal makes the basic principle of bus priority, planning ahead be adhered and strengthened, realizes gradually that the idea of the urban public transport guild the development of city and land use, provides favorable development environment for the construction of urban public transportation system. And lay the urgency and priority of the project approval and construction of the Cold
35 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Weather Smart Public Transport System Project.
Chart 2-5 Master Plan Maps of Harbin City
36 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
C hart 2-7 Road Traffic Plan Maps of Harbin City
Chart 2-6 Comprehensive Traffic planning in Harbin City
2.4 Analysis on the Role of Governments in the Project
Anyone of the projects is in a social environment, certain social conditions
37 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System and in certain public range, in accordance with the public criteria framework. Comply with the rules of public is a precondition for the project construction to be carried out, and the government as a representative of the whole society, its basic function is to formulate the rules of public and supervise the implementation, therefore, have a major impact on the project. Government has a dual status and role in the project construction: to fulfill the functions of public administration, management, regulation and control of the whole social investment; assume responsibility for public investment, provide public services and products for the whole society.
2.4.1 The Evaluation of Government Fulfilling Its Management Functions
Fulfill management functions of government has a positive impact on the achievement of project social objectives. Harbin Government immediately composes the corresponding World Bank Loan Project Leading Group after applying for loans from the World Development Bank. In the process of the whole projects planning and implementation, when the distribution of interest become imbalance or unreasonable, Harbin Government will appear as the identity of the social public interest representative. In compliance with the relevant laws and policies, regulate and distribute related social benefits based on the operation of relevant systems and mechanisms, in order to achieve an equitable distribution of the associated social benefits.
The leader group of Colad Weather Smart Public Transport System Project established by the municipal government consists by main leaders of Municipal Development and Reform Commission, City Finance Bureau, City Planning Bureau, City Land Resources Bureau, City Environmental Protection Bureau, City Housing and Urban-rural, Construction Bureau, City Department of Transportation, City traffic police detachment, City Urban Management Bureau, City Water Supply and Drainage Group, City Education Bureau, City Investment Company and other relative units or departments. The leader
38 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
group is mainly in charge of reviewing and determining the overall project planning, organizing and coordinating the major issues involving in national and municipal level, policy, system and other aspects of during the construction process of the project.
The leader group comprises the PMO, and the office is set in Harbin Harbin Municipal Transportion Bureau. PMO takes charge of the management of project matching funds, the project management and other main work. The sub-project unit is put forward by each project, and finishes the whole construction under the unified arrangement by the project department.
The PMO is shown below:
The director: Li Wenbin (the present of Harbin Urban Construction Investment Group co., LTD)
Zhang Licheng (the manager of Harbin Urban Construction Investment Group co., LTD)
The PMO comprises seven departments: integrated management department, engineering management department, bidding and purchasing department, plan and finance department, etc.
The specific composition and function division of labor of the leader group of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transport System Project is shown below in Figure 2-8:
39 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Figure 2-8 Project Organization Structure
2.4.2 The Evaluation of the Role of Governments as a Public Investor
City Bus System Project belongs to public goods provided by the government, and the government needs to be forward-looking in the provision of this project, the projects' objectives should also have high compatibility with various aspects of the targets in local society. The coverage of City Bus System Project is mainly for urban (city) residents, the approval and improvement of this project will help to improve and optimize the public welfare of city public facilities; meanwhile, the cost of such project services is primarily supported by government finance, reflecting the characteristics of public goods; finally, the government will ensure that the fair allocation of public goods. Leaders of Municipal Party Committee, HMDRC and so on directly lead the HCWSPTSP loaned by World Bank. Implementation of the project is in strict accordance with World Bank's procedures and domestic procedures to promote the process, to make efforts to ensure public welfare and sociality of the project.
40 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
In addition, the government can rectify and standardize social injustices in the process of project implementation. Government can express responsibilities and rights of each stakeholder through the government open bar, related policies opened in government website. When the existing policies are difficult to solve real-world conflicts, the government can adjust the policies according to the principles of social justice, so that the interests of the injured party can obtain reasonable compensation to eliminate social risks. When the projects are involved in land acquisition and house demolition, the corresponding social risks also will produce, then the government must appear as the identity of the social public interest representative, use the legal and policy means, regulate and distribute related social benefits based on the operation of relevant systems and mechanisms, in order to achieve an equitable distribution of the associated social benefits. Based on this knowledge, the government of Harbin City makes a meticulous plan on all aspects of projects management, government departments, enterprises and institutions involved can participate in the entire process, timely resolve the conflicts of interest, social risks and potential problems between each department, in the process of IPTSP implementation, eliminate the interruption of the project and other problems caused by unfair treatment.
In the aspect of the protection of the rights and interests of special groups, such as poor people, disabled people, women and children and so on, the government of Harbin City constantly improves and provides the corresponding public service fee waiver policies, reflecting the suitability of project compensation that tilt to the vulnerable groups.
Accordingly, Harbin City Government, especially Harbin Transport Bureau will play the critical and decisive functions in the preparation and implementation of the project. To some extent, the stand or fall of their management will decide the success or failure of the project.
41 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
3 Social Impact Analysis
Social impact analysis mainly refers to effects generated during and after the project construction process on the impacted area. To urban public transportation projects, the social impacts are impacts mainly including economic impact, social impact (focusing on the non-economic aspects of society), and experience in managing, and so on.
3.1 Project Impacts at Economic Dimensions
3.1.1 Regional Economy
HCWSPTSP is guided by the scientific development as the concept of ideas, facing big cities under extremely cold area, responses actively to the urban transportation problems generated because of the repeated addition of extremely cold weather and the urbanization and mechanization, by developing people-oriented, transit oriented, efficient, safe, low carbon, environmental protection, economic and convenient substantial public transportation system characterized as low energy consumption, low pollution, low land occupied, low travel costs and low financial burden. It can promote the sustainable development of urban traffic, improve the traffic service level in Harbin greatly, establish high standards, modern comprehensive transportation system which is combined with the character of city under extremely cold environment and can meet the substantial, people-oriented and dynamic demand of transportation. By the improvement of the public transport service quality, it can realize that urban traffic develops in the direction of green low carbon, provide enforceable, learning, reproducible and propagable successful practice and case and then provide important transportation security for realizing economic revitalization in Heilongjiang Province.
42 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
3.1.2 Residents’ Income and Distribution
The main construction area of the HCWSPTSP is focus on the urban area of Harbin City, among them, passage of Youyi Road crosses many commercial hub; passage of Hongqi Street crosses three districts in Harbin, along which is mainly working resident; Xinyang Road to Edmonton Road connects airport and Harbin main commercial districts, so there are many the floating population. The economic and social development level is high in the project area, and the non-agricultural industries are relatively developed. Most of the affected labors are engaged in non-agricultural industries, salary income, income of work, self-employment income accounted for a high proportion of total household income. The temporary land occupation involved during the reconstruction process of public transportation corridors may affect the operation of shops along to some extent. However, after the operation of project, the improvement of traffic accessibility will be benefit to the improvement of the operating profit.
The usage of the service needs to pay a fee; the public welfare and low price of a ticket is two outstanding characteristics of the bus operation. Now, the bus ticket in Harbin is 1 yuan/per person·per time for adult, 0.5 yuan/per person·per time for students, 0 yuan/per person·per time for elderly. Moreover, after the finish of the construction of HCWSPTSP, the ticket price will not be changed. So, it will not cause the economic burden to the family.
Table 3-1 Residents’ Income Situation in Harbin6
Per capita disposable income of The average per capita net income of Year urban households (Yuan) rural households (Yuan) 1990 1,387 679 2000 5,632 2,477 2005 10,065 4,006 2006 11,231 4,405
6 Resource: Statistical Yearbook of Harbin in 2012
43 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
2007 12,772 5,069 2008 14,589 5,961 2009 15,887 6,776 2010 17,557 8,020 2011 20,031 9,608
Table 3-2 Situation of On-the job Workers’ Salary in Harbin
On-the-job worker average On-the-job worker average Population of wages a year in the city wages a year in urban area Year urban area (million person) （Yuan/per person） （Yuan/per person）
200 4.747 29,261 31,505 9 201 4.718 32,397 35,035 0 201 4.715 36,465 39,470 1
3.1.3 Employment
The project impacts on employment reflect in two aspects: project direct impacts on employment and project indirect impacts on employment. Among them, the direct impacts can be divided into two stages: project construction and operation. During the bus projects and public utility projects construction, the technical staff and casual labors need to be employed. During the operation, the fixed workers need to be recruited who are engaged in daily operation and management of enterprises and maintenance work. Which means the project provides a lot of employment opportunities for local people, and it could be calculated during the project construction and operation, employment opportunities could be provided for about 16,000 people according to the coefficient of highway and transportation sector investment employment experience. The project indirect impacts on employment reflect after the project construction. It improves the transportation condition of Harbin City and its surrounding, promotes the development of relevant industries, and gives impetus to the improvement of local employment.
44 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
3.1.4 Infrastructure and Social Services
HCWSPTSP provides convenient, comfortable, safe, accurate, standard bus service to citizens, designs bus lanes in view of traffic demand of the three public transport corridors; designs or transforms part bus station in corridors, establishes intelligent information query system, perfects the traffic signs marking of corridors, sets separation guide sign in the main roads, sets LED direction sign in the main junctions; constructs public transport hub station and first and last bus station and so on. It speeds up the construction step of Harbin urban intelligent public transportation system, forms a relatively perfect green safe transport network.
The complete of the project could increase the prevailing conditions of original bus transport to large degree, improve the bus operating speed, and bring huge time savings to passengers. At the same time, the improvement of bus service will attract more people choose public transport to travel, accordingly, travel by private car will be reduced effectively, the pressure of future road network in Heilong City will be reduced, service levels for roads and junctions will be increased, the total vehicle kilometers and car hours on the road network will be reduced significantly, then vehicle transportation cost saving and time saving benefits, as well as benefit of the reduced bus operating vehicles will be gained. Besides, the bus corridor integration project will improve transport condition greatly, then reduce the traffic accidents, bring convenience to the residents along for travelling and have certain social benefit.
3.1.5 Urbanization
Several opinions about the implementation of the strategy of rejuvenating northeast China and other old industrial bases (In (2003) No. 11) published by CPC Central Committee and the State Council in 2003 shows that northeast China and other old industrial bases has risen as national strategy formally. It
45 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System also published The strategy opinion about further implement of rejuvenating the old industrial base by the State Council (In (2009) No.33), which symbols that the strategy of rejuvenating northeast China and other old industrial bases have entered a new stage. It has brought a lot of money and technology support to social and economic development of the northeast China. It is conducive to strengthening the construction of urban infrastructure, creates conducive to the development of investment, system and policy environment, and promotes the potential advantages of northeast region.
Harbin put forward in Several Opinions about Speeding up the Overall Planning for Urban-rural Development and Forming A New Pattern of Integration of Urban and Rural Economic and Social Development 2010, to 2015, the urbanization of the whole city will go over 55%, and be the first to form a new integration pattern of economic and social development between urban and rural. According to opinion, Harbin will comprehensively promote the city and countryside integration work throughout the city, to 2015, the urbanization of the whole city will go over 55%, among them, the urbanization rate of Daoli District, Daowai District, Nangang District, Xiangfang District, Pingfang District, and Songbei District will go over 90%; Hulan District, Acheng District, Bin County, Shuangcheng City, Wuchang City and Bayan County will go over 45%; other each county (city) focus on Chengguan Town and conditional region central town, promotes the urbanization process. The county in the whole city industrial added value accounted for the proportion of more than 40% of GDP. Gross output value of fisheries and animal husbandry output value reached 100 billion yuan and 51 billion yuan respectively.
With the deepening, advancements and the implementation of the plan to reinvigorate northeast China, according to the "eight big economic zones" and "ten major projects" development strategy put forward clearly by Heilongjiang Province Committee, urbanization development of Harbin City in recent years has achieved fruitful results. Harbin inherited, innovated and rich developed
46 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
the idea of city development, deepened and expanded the development strategy, put forward to speed up the step of development and construction of “one river in the middle, flourish both sides of river”, actively promoted development strategy of “the north bound, south extension, middle flourishing, strong county”, realized to flourish the city by water, rich the city by water, beauty the city by water, and created the strategic master plan of the urban construction and development of building waterfront cities. Moreover, with the steady progress of bilateral strategic partnership between China and Russia and the sustained growth of the economy in the two countries, bilateral economic and trade cooperation is developing rapidly and steadily. The annual international economic and trade fair in Harbin China, as the connection of China and Russia, major international economic and trade, science and technology fair in Northeast Asia, makes full use of geographical advantages, plays a role in cooperation in various fields between China and Russia as the window and platform effect, promotes the trade to Russia, Japan and South Korea's, and radiate throughout the northeast Asia area. These strategies contribute to the overall urban development and further improvement of the urbanization level.
3.1.6 Vulnerable Groups
Public transportation sub-project of HCWSPTSP planed the comprehensive transformation of junctions, road traffic facilities such as underground tunnels or overpasses and etc., which are needed by vulnerable groups especially in the road transformation process, take the actual needs of groups like elderly, all kinds of disabled and children into fully consideration.
In addition, based on Several Provisions of Preferential Policy for the Disabled in Harbin City, disabled people should get parking area at the station and other public venues for free, the blind could take the bus for free with certification, and bus companies should use electronic facilities to make it
47 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
convenient to get on or off. According to Rules about Discount for Elderly in Harbin City, elderly older than 70 years old can take the bus for free with the “respect courtesy card”. Until the end of 2012, the cumulative distribution of “respect courtesy card” is 630,525, including 295,380 from 60 to 69 years old, 335,145 older than 70 years old. Foreign old people holding the old courtesy card issued by the local government agency or old-age works can enjoy preferential treatment equal to elderly in Harbin City. Moreover, since 1st Jun. 2007, high school, junior high school and primary school students also enjoy preferential policies of the 5 discount fares when taking the bus in Harbin City, retire cadres, wounded or disabled police, etc. can the bus for free.
In the process of project preparation, PMO has organized several topic advisory councils to collect opinions and suggestions from vulnerable groups, which will be discussed in the 4.3.7 of the project specially. Related suggestions have been feed backed to feasibility study units and implemented in the project design.
According to the analysis above, the project can provide convenient services and preferential treatment to vulnerable group such as disabled and elderly. And the Smart Public Transport System Project creates the conditions to improve their weak position and ensure they could enjoy the achievement of economic development in Harbin City.
3.2 Project Impacts at Social Dimensions
3.2.1 Social Environment
Humanistic environment is the attitudes of a regional community, concepts, belief systems, cognitive environment, etc. For this project area, even more is a kind of the local culture and customs closely contacted with the natural environment. Specially:
(a) From the perspective of construction units and personnel, the
48 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
construction units are all familiar with the project operation and technology process, and the most of construction personnel are the local workforce and can communicate and coordinate with local residents well. (b) From the perspective of construction impact of the project of public transportation corridors, all the public transportation corridors are all broadened and optimized from the existing municipal line, have little effects on the production and living of the surrounding shops, residential areas, factories and roads users, and will not conflict with surrounding environment such as local social culture, customs, religion, etc. (c) From the perspective of energy and the environment, the implementation of the public transportation sub-project will introduce many new energy vehicles; the operation of intelligent public transportation system will reduce air pollution of Harbin. All these measures have significant positive effect to improve the problems such as high traffic energy costs, serious environmental pollution, etc. To conclude, the project has fitness with the local social environment, and through this opportunity, the environmental protection consciousness in the project area can be improved.
3.2.2 Cultural Heritage
Cultural heritage has significant sense for human to research history and cultural. In the protection of cultural heritage, the cultural heritage management department protects and searches the local cultural heritage effectively through a variety of form and carrier.
According to the requirements of The Opinions of Harbin City People's Government on Strengthening Protection Work of Intangible Cultural Heritage (In 2008, No.49), further implement work guidelines of the “give priority to protection, rescue first, reasonable use, inheritance development”, Earnestly do the work of the city's intangible cultural heritage protection, inheritance and
49 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
utilization, make new greater contribution to the economic and social development of the whole city. Until Dec. in 2012, there have been three groups of city-level intangible cultural heritage. In 2012, “Gold Capital Site” is selected into World Heritage Tentative List in China. Major cultural heritage in Harbin is not in the project area, so affected little by the project.
3.2.3 Religious Facilities and Worship Facilities
China attaches great importance to the traditional customs since ancient times, the move of tombs not only means from one place to another place, it contains many factors such as emotional, cultural, etc. There are now a variety of religions coexist in Harbin, including 6 kinds of religion such as Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism, Christianity and Orthodox. There are 6 citywide religion patriotic groups (City Buddhist Association, City Taoism Association, City Islam Association, City Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association, City Christian Three-self Patriotic Association, and City Christianity Association). There are 56 religious activity places in total in urban area, and near 150,000 of masses of all kinds of faith. However in the about 200 meters away from three corridors of public transport project of HUIPTSP, there is no religion and ritual facilities, and no move of tomb involved.
3.2.4 Analysis on Special Impacts
3.2.4.1 Social Gender Analysis
The differences of male and female are not only in physiology but also in the social roles, which cause different impacts on different gender induced by the project and different influence on the project resulting from different gender. Women (including children) are often regarded as the vulnerable groups, their environmental sensitiveness is high, and their rights are easy to be encroached on, so we must realize the information about women and children, identify the degree of the project impacts on women and children, thus the
50 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
corresponding measures should be taken at the initial stage of the project to minimize or avoid the impacts on women and children.
Based on the investigation, the female have the legal rights as same as the male within this project, including receive education, employment and participate election, etc. Majority women who interviewed argue that they have the same autonomy in management like men.
The HCWSPTSP can provide convenient public transportation service, the intelligent scheduling can cut short the waiting time, electronic information system can provide convenient and clear directions, and the construction of infrastructure can ensure the temperature for waiting and taking buses. These provide the favorable guarantee for the physical and psychological health of women and children: 1) many women and children do not have a strong sense of direction, the reminder of electronic information system can support them to find the bus that they need; 2) The buses station and buses have high rate of sexual harassment. The project plans to install electronic eyes in the platforms and new purchase buses. That will be convenient for the administrative staff to know the latest condition and it is also beneficial to deal with the public security accidents. Moreover, the installation of electronic eyes can deter some criminals; 3) Female (especially, old women and pregnant women) and children is weak and sensitive to the temperature of surrounding environment, the construction of station and purchase of new type of buses can provide them warm environment for waiting and taking buses; 4) The main users of buses are women, and the development of municipal public transport is also beneficial to the life and work of female and then this will improve the Harbin’s economical development and citizen living quality.
Therefore, it will exert positive influence on the female development of Harbin City and guarantee the need and security of going out by the project construction.
51 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
3.2.4.2 Ethnic Minority Analysis
There are no gathered minorities in all sub-projects; in addition, there is no new requisition of land in the project, and no demolition of houses or enterprises of ethnic minority involved, so the livelihood and the life of ethnic minorities in the area will not be negatively impacted by the project.
3.2.4.3 Involuntary Resettlement Impacts
Involuntary resettlement should be avoided in the process of project construction as far as possible, but project construction needs to requisition certain land. So, involuntary resettlement is inevitable to some extent. Involuntary resettles induced by project construction are divided into two types: Physical resettlement (relocation) and economic migrants (loss of property). The reasons resulting in resettlement are different; the degrees of impacts also are various. For the displaced person of land acquisition, they lose the opportunities to earn income and the living standards of their families may be affected because of land loss. For the displaced person of house demolition, if the resettlement areas have some changes, social networks and social capital will be changed with the relocation, some social conflicts may be taken place during the resettlement, and the issues of social integration and social adjustment will be involved in after relocation.
Currently, the total area of the comprehensive hub station in Xiangbin Road of HCWSPTSP needs to be constructed is 48,693m2, and is reconstructed in the scope of the original company area. The content of construction includes: garage, maintenance station, car washing center, comprehensive hub station and waiting corridor, etc. Demolition and affected people generated by the construction are Harbin head buses company itself and its personnel, and it belongs to the self-built properties; two new first and last stations in Harbin (first and last of bus stations of Hexie Road, the first road in Liqun) will be built, the first and last of bus stations of the first road in Liqun
52 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
planning occupy 14,406 m2 and the overall floorage in the project occupy 17,144 m2; the first and last bus stations of Hexie Road located the east of junction of Beixing Street and Hexie Road in Nangang District, the planning land use is 3,071 m2, the overall floorage is 900 m2. The first road in Liqun is empty land now, and no demolition involved. According to the introduce of the project unit, the land is state-owned,; near the first and last bus stations of Hexie Road is building houses now, , and ground building nearby is construction barrack for workers. After the finished of the engineering, the barrack will be automatically removed to empty. So neither two first and last sites involve the use of land acquisition and demolition. The more details regarding this part can be found in Resettlement Action Plan & Due Diligence Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public System Project
3.3 Project Environmental Impacts
As the scale of urban construction is expanding constantly and the city traffic management is becoming more and more complex, due to the advancement of urbanization the requirements for the robust and intelligent city public transportation system are higher and higher due to the advancement of urbanization. From the point of view of project impact on the ecological environment, energy conservation and emission reduction is not only a long-term strategic task, but also a pressing task at present. Take comprehensive consideration and implement energy-saving and emission reduction measures in any project construction process, have very important significance to the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. HCWSPTSP considers the traffic conditions and functional requirements, combines functional analysis, traffic demand with the actual conditions, pays full attention to the relationship between regional road network convergence and function coordination and deals well with it. The project realizes urban green transportation by developing public transport and it is a low carbon, environmental friendly, energy saving and green engineering
53 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
and benefits every citizen.
Bus projects empty resource allocation to bus system while constructing the roads in the Harbin City. The promotion of bus priority lanes is sped up; the efficiency of urban road traffic is improved by accelerating the promotion of bus priority lanes and public transportation infrastructure. At the same time, through accelerating the application of urban intelligent transportation technology, reducing urban traffic congestion, improving the bus running environment, reducing the fuel consumption to reduce pollution gas such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions and improve the quality of urban environment. Meanwhile, the project plans and invests in new energy buses, sets the energy-saving emission reduction of buses as one of project components, uses economic strategy to encourage the implementation of energy-saving strategy, sets the concept of energy-saving and emission reduction run through the whole project. The construction of the Smart public transportation system, improves the road traffic conditions, eases traffic congestion, saves the vehicle operating costs and reduces the motor vehicles emissions and the influence of traffic noise on the urban environment by transforming bus corridor, constructing the urban intelligent traffic management system, intelligent traffic system and the bus infrastructure and so on.
3.4 Other Impacts
The construction and implementation of this project will improve the changes of social consciousness, with the implementation of pre-feasibility studies for World Bank loans and the loaning work, its additionally scientific and normal project feasibility studies, project implementation, management modes and human-oriented thought will be carried out. Thus enhancing the management levels of the personnel in relevant functional departments of the people's governments at all levels, improving the academic levels and technical levels of project consultant, technical staff and skilled worker 54 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System involved in the project implementation. With the effective impacts of the management mode and management level of WB, all participants of this project and the construction will be affected imperceptibly, to improve their scientific and normal management consciousness and human-oriented ideology.
In addition, the implementation of the project enables participants to learn and be familiar with the improvement and optimization of bus corridor project, implementation and operation process and technology. It also makes the residents and the surrounding masses including the poor and vulnerable groups have a better understanding of the intelligent transportation system facilities, and it improves the technology and enhances the management level as well. The implementation of the project improves the road and traffic safety awareness of residents living in the affected area, improves the legal consciousness and awareness of policy of all levels of government management personnel, people participate in the project and people affected by the project, and makes benefits to social coordinated development, stability and unity.
55 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
4. Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholders are each institutions and individual who have direct or indirect benefit-based relationships with the project, and they all have direct or indirect affect to project. In project preparation process, we can help project decision makers’ response to different stakeholders affected by the project and make analysis and judgment through stakeholder analysis. So, in terms of content of analysis, not only contains the concerns of the stake in the stakeholders and project, their roles played in the project, their attitude and the influence degree on the success or failure of the project construction; but also contains influence to the stakeholders and the different levels and requirements of different stakeholders affected by the project. On this basis, put forward compensation measures and ways to the aggrieved group, set up participation mechanism to promote all kinds of stakeholders to cooperate with each other. Specifically the identification process is shown below:
First, identification of stakeholders: identify different stakeholders according to the influence level and the relationship with the project;
Second, the needs and influence of the stakeholders: analyze and assess the reaction and function of different stakeholders;
Third: impacts on stakeholders: analyze and assess the significance of different stakeholders according to the objections of the project;
Fourth: disclosure of information, public participation and project risk avoiding: publish the participation case for different stakeholders, put forward reasonable measures, and avoid risks.
4.1 Main Stakeholders Identification
4.1.1 Process of stakeholders identification
Stakeholders are each institutions and individual who have direct or
56 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System indirect benefit-based relationships with the project, and they all have direct or indirect affect to project. The construction of HCWSPTSP may have different positive or negative impact to different people. In order to correctly analyze the positive and negative effects, we need to identify the stakeholders of the project; the specific identification process is as follows:
Preliminary Analysis the project characters, identification of consult the literature and related stakeholders materials
Discussion, field investigation and Main stakeholders the preliminary analysis of the Identification stakeholders’ function and role
Requirements and Interviews and questionnaire impact of the survey of main stakeholders main stakeholders
Avoid social risks Organize public participation
Figure 4-1 Identification Process of Stakeholders
57 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Table 4-1 Work Details of Stakeholders Identification
Process Contents The Feasible Tools Goals
Communicate with PMO of Harbin Harbin Municipal Preliminary Transportion Bureau (Urban Construction identification Investment Group com. LTD in the ealier stage) Identify all the stakeholders who have direct or First of about the early stage of SA; Analyze the character indirect benefit-based relationships with the project. stakeholder of Smart Public Transport System Project; The s literature review; Previous experience of other urban transport project
Have information discussions with government and agencies, PMO, Public utility transformation sub-projects office (Construction bureau), Public Transport transformation sub-projects office (The Main bus company), the transport management stakeholder Identify the stakeholders who have direct impact on sub-projects office (Traffic police detachment), Second s the success or failure of the project construction and sensitive spots along(communities, hospitals, Identificatio distinguish the stakeholders to different categories. schools, religious sits), Scientific research and n design units，Environment assessment units; The field reconnaissance of the integrative transport corridor, the transport supporting infrastructures and intelligent transport system.
58 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Have symposium with relative agencies, the public and the vulnerable groups to understand relationship between stakeholders and the project, Analysis of and requirements of different stakeholders from Analyze requirements of different stakeholders, the the main impact on stakeholders by the project and the Third many aspects; stakeholder impact on the construction of project by s Field reconnaissance; Questionnaire about travel of stakeholders. residents; Questionnaire about traffic police; Questionnaire about bus drivers; Questionnaire about vulnerable groups.
Communicate with PMO, sub-PMO, design unit of Reinforce the project about preliminary results of the Improve the positive effects of the project, reduce or Fourth and investigation, put forward feasible measures and put eliminate the negative effects at the same time. reduction them into the later design.
59 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
4.1.2 Category and analysis of the stakeholders
4.1.2.1 Category of stakeholders of HCWSPTSP
Due to the identification of stakeholders, the relative stakeholders
includes government and agencies, PMO and Enforcement agencies,
impacted groups because of the land requisition and removal; inhabitant in the
project service area, floating population; vulnerable groups; and other stakeholders. According to the effects, stakeholders could be divided into beneficiary, impaired party, stakeholders benefit from and impaired by the
project, and vulnerable groups.
Table 4-2 Category of Stakeholders of HUIPTSP
Category Stakeholders of HCWSPTSP Judgments
Realize the public function of Government and agencies, organization; PMO, The bus company, Traffic police, Residents, Meet public service Beneficiary Floating population, Project requirements; implementation agencies and Acquire direct economic so on. benefit.
Groups and shops impacted Loss of tangible assets such as by the rebuilt and expanded land and houses; road line; Groups affected by Impaired the relocation of platform, car Loss of intangible assets such party park, the first stage and the as social relationship; last stage, park and protect Be forced to change livelihood spot, hub stage and slow and lifestyle. bridge.
Inconvenience of travel for a Stakeholder Communities, shops, schools, short time; s benefit hospital, enterprise, etc. along and the three-dimensional and Meet the travel requirements impaired integrative bus corridor with the improved traffic; from the affected temporarily by the Improve the traffic economic project construction of the project. and increase the social benefit.
60 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Category Stakeholders of HCWSPTSP Judgments
Land and Resources Bureau, civil affairs bureau, Social Security office, EPA, RTA, Other senior citizens' work Property of the project; committee, the Women's stakeholder Realize the functions of Federation, Organization on s agencies. Disability, etc.
NGO, voluntary association, WB
Poor families, female-headed households, women, Week characteristics of groups; Vulnerable minorities, lonely elderly, groups children, disabled in project Voice and the ability of area and service area after participation. the completion of the project.
4.1.2.2 Analysis Matrix of Main Stakeholders of HCWSPTSP
Analysis matrix of stakeholders is a useful tool to conclude and compare
the different stakeholders according their correlation with the project,
characters, and effect. And it is used to analyze the stake of main stakeholders
in the project (direct benefit, indirect benefit, direct affected, indirect affected),
roles, attitudes, and degree of influence.
Table 4-1 Analysis Matrix of Main Stakeholders of HUCSPTSP
Degree of Stakeholders Stake Roles Attitude influence
Indirec Organize, Government of Harbin City Support High t coordinate
Indirec Organize, PMO and other government agencies Active High t coordinate
Public utility transformation sub-projects Direct Implement Active High office
61 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Degree of Stakeholders Stake Roles Attitude influence
Public Transport transformation Direct Implement Active High sub-projects office
Transport construction management Direct Implement Active High sub-projects office
Groups impacted by the Support, land requisition and removal and Direct Affected High worry organization agencies
Groups impacted by the temporary Support, land requisition and organization Direct Affected High worry agencies
The construction process of reformation of the road line “Three vertical and two Indirec Support, horizontal a slow” affects the daily life of Affected Middle t worry surrounding groups and the operation of organizations.
Groups affected by the construction process of the first stage and the last Indirec Support, Affected Middle stage, park and protect spot and driving t worry training center.
Travellers in downtown of Harbin City Direct Beneficiary Support Low
Special groups
(Especially elderly, children and Direct Beneficiary Support Low disabled)
4.2 Requirements of Main Stakeholders
4.2.1 Government of Harbin City
The government has dual position and effect: the first is to fulfill the
function of public management, to manage and regulate the social investment;
the second is to bear the responsibility of public investment, and provide public
service and production to public. The government plays a dual role in
HCWSPTSP as “the promoters of urban development” and “servers to citizen” 62 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
as well.
First, project implementation can introduce WB capital, reduce the
pressure of government investment in infrastructure, and speed up the
transformation of urban development and the requirements of promoting the
process of urbanization in Harbin city;
Second, project implementation can give priorities to develop bus system,
deal with extremely cold environment, meet the requirements of citizen’s daily
travel and the construction a city comfortable to live in and convenient to
travel;
Third, project implementation can lead residents to drive green, improve
problems such as traffic congestion and environment pollution and realize
energy and greenhouse reductions;
Fourth, project implementation can realize the intelligent traffic
management, strengthen traffic safety, and realize the information and date
sharing between traffic and travellers.
4.2.2 Leader Group of HCWSPTSPand PMO of Harbin City
Harbin Government has established the leader group of HCWSPTSP.
The leader group is consist of several departments, including HMDRC, Harbin
Municipal Finance Bureau, Harbin Municipal Housing and Urban-rural
Construction Bureau, Harbin Municipal Transportion Bureau, Municipal Traffic
Management Bureau, Urban Construction Investment Group co., LTD, City
Water Supply and Drainage Group and other relative units in Harbin City. They are mainly in responsible for reviewing and determining the overall project planning, organizing and coordinating the major issues involved in national and municipal level, policy, system and other aspects of during the construction of the project.
63 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
The leader group has Project Management Office (PMO for short below), and the PMO of this project is in Harbin Harbin Municipal Transportion Bureau.
The PMO is mainly in responsible for the management of matching funds and project.
Subproject units put forward by each project finish the whole project construction work under the unified arrangement of the PMO. So:
PMO is mainly in charge of organization and coordination, hope for more power to advance quickly and orderly progress of the project.
PMO hopes to organize all departments involved in the project to strengthen the communication and coordination with each other to enhance the efficiency of the public service through the implementation of project.
PMO hopes for the success of the construction, which will be the performance of main leaders and staff in the agencies, and hope for reward to improve the working condition and environment as well.
PMO hopes the leaders pay attention to them and especially give capital support. At the same time, they hope the programs can be reduced to speed up the project process, reduce the costs, get loan as soon as possible and complete the tasks given by leaders.
4.2.3 Other Agencies of Government
First, they cannot benefit from the project at all, but the content of construction is one of their main jobs. Without the project, they will suffer no loss, and with project, they have to whip out special staff to take charge of the work of the project and must affect other work. So the project may be a burden to them. They hope the government can take their coordinate work into consideration and give some office expense when necessary.
64 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Second, they participate passively in the administrative intervention.
Because of passive participation, government is very important during the
whole process. If the supervision of regulatory agency does not reach the
designated position, the participation may be discounted.
Figure 4-3 Symposium with Relative Government Agencies and PMO
4.2.4 Implementation Agencies
The content of the HCWSPTSP includes: the sub-project of bus priority and public transport corridor, the construction of public transport infrastructure sub-project, transport management and safety construction sub-project, road maintenance and emergency response construction sub-project, and institutional capacity construction sub-project. The project establishes Public utility transformation sub-projects office (Construction bureau), Public
Transport transformation sub-projects office (The bus company) and the transport management sub-projects office. It is shown below.
First, content of implementation is one of their work, they hope to take this opportunity to improve from two aspects, institution construction and service ability;
Second, the implementation agencies hope to improve the working
65 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System environment and reduce the daily job stress (especially traffic police and bus drivers) through the implementation of Cold Weather Smart Public Transport
System Project;
Third, the implementation brings many opportunities to agencies staff, such as promotion, transformation, showing talents, etc. So they hope their leaders can offer their full support, as well as the coordination of other agencies.
Table 4-5 Implementation Agencies
Name Unit Main contents In responsible for the design and management; in responsible for putting forward requirements of Construction function and design according to the project, PMO of bus ministry of coordinating relative departments taking participate priority and public in the project; in responsible for the construction public transport transport quality, progress, safety, and the control corridor corridor of management of financial management. Make joint PMO efforts in relative work according to the requirements of the PMO. In responsible for the design and management; in responsible for putting forward equipment specifications and standards of function and design PMO of the Public according to the content of the project, providing construction of transport components purchasing plan and implementation public transport ministry of plan; in responsible for the construction quality, infrastructure PMO progress, safety, and the control management of financial management. Make joint efforts in relative work according to the requirements of the PMO. In responsible for the design and management; in responsible for putting forward purchasing plan and PMO of transport Transport implementation plan according to the content of the management management project; in responsible for the construction quality, and safety ministry of progress, safety, and the control management of construction PMO financial management. Make joint efforts in relative work according to the requirements of the PMO.
66 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
4.2.5 Impacted Groups
Construction (expanding of roads, construction of bus sites, construction
of bus transfer junction stations, car par, slow bridge, the construction of
training center, etc.) cannot avoid using land, the sources of construction land
divided into urban construction land (state land), expropriation of rural
collective land transformed into urban construction land. Known by
communicating with PMO, when comes to all land, they try their best to use
existing urban construction land and instead of expropriating or removal. When
cannot be avoided, it is necessary to do a good job of land resettlement.
When expropriation and removal are involved, groups impacted by the
land requisition as impaired party, whether we can take their reasonable
requirements into full consideration, work out the proposal of the recovering of
living, livelihood and development, let them participate in the project and share
the benefit. All of these are related to the smooth construction of HCWSPTSP.
For property affected population, reasonable compensation and resettlement
are their first requirements. To households who lose their land, besides gain
their compensation of land, they hope the government can carry out method to
help them transform livelihood and improve economic status. To removal
households, we should ensure their house righting, offer monetary compensation, and provide varied choices such as exchanging property right and let them choose voluntarily.
4.2.6 Public transport Travellers
4.2.6.1 Travel Situation in Harbin City
A. Travel Mode
Table 4-6 Statistics of the Top Three of Citizens Travel Mode
67 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Top three Not winter Winter choices Frequency Percent（%） Frequency Percent（%）
By bus 468 31.2 477 32.5
By food 403 26.9 348 23.7
By cab 341 22.7 373 25.4
Total 1,212 80.8 1,198 81.6
Bus is the main mode of residents’ travel in Harbin City.
According to survey result, the main travel modes of resident are by bus,
by food and by cab not in winter and in winter, the total shares 80.8% and
81.6% respectively. Among them, by bus is the preferred travel mode, and
there is not big difference in seasonal distribution, about 0.8%.
B. Travel Frequency
Table 4-7 Travel Frequency of citizens
Not winter Winter Frequency Frequency Percent（%） Frequency Percent（%）
More than 185 37.0 187 37.4 once a day
Once two or 134 26.8 111 22.2 three days
Once a week 94 18.8 98 19.6
Once two 31 6.2 38 7.6 weeks
Once a 32 6.4 36 7.2 month
Others 24 4.8 30 6.0
Total 500 100.0 500 100.0
The frequency of bus usage in Harbin City is very high. According to the investigation result, not in winter, the percentage citizen travel by bus more 68 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System than once a week is 82.6% when the season is not winter; it is 79.2% in winter.
In terms of season distribution, citizen will decrease the frequency of travelling by bus.
4.2.6.2 Project Requirement of Citizens in Harbin City
The requirement of project is according to requirement of daily travel. As a high frequency using vehicle, construction of public transport system means a lot to citizens’ life quality. According to questionnaire, it is found that requirements of project implementation are:
First, optimize traffic lines; connect enterprises, shopping center, hospitals, schools, etc. with each other, to be convenient for daily travel of work, study and life;
Second, improve bus infrastructure, especially heating equipment in winter to improve the comfort of bus;
Third, improve the punctuality, schedule grid frequency reasonably, to improve the serve level;
Fourth, renovate integrated bus corridor comprehensively to improve travel environment;
Fifth, ensure smooth and safe travel environment by the construction of intelligent information system.
4.2.7 Special Groups
Special groups involved in the project mainly content elderly, women, children, low-income groups, disabled, minorities, foreign population, etc.
In terms of minorities, because ethnic minorities and the Han nationality living together for a long time in Harbin, their customs and habits have great similarity with the Han nationality, there are no sensitive spots found in the SA 69 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System process.
The main purpose of children’s travel is to go to school and go back home.
Currently, primary schools in Harbin are divided according to area, students mainly go to neighborhood schools, demands of taking buses are not great, and there are no other sensitive spots found in the SA process.
Foreign population’s demands of taking buses are not big. Because they are not familiar with the transport situation in new city, many people prefer to take a cab. In terms of buses, they focus more on that whether some of the electronic map functions can be increased in sites.
The SA conducted deep interview with the elderly, low-income groups and the disabled, and compiled requirements of different groups to this project.
70 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Figure 4-2 Some Pictures of Symposium
During the process of interview and survey, we found that demands of all kinds of different people for public transportation system and focus are different.
71 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
The dependence of low-income residents on urban public transport is the greatest, they really want or relative want to solve these problems.
Table 4-8 The Urban Transportation Infrastructure Needs of Special Populations( The
Families Enjoying the Minimum Living Guarantee )
Families enjoying the minimum Strongly Somewhat Doesn't matter, I A bit expect Not expect living guarantee expect expect don't know
The height of the platform must be consistent with the 1 0 0 0 0 height of the vehicle’s floor
Set the bar and lifting 1 0 0 0 0 handle
The blind tracks, barrier-free facilities, emergency inlet and 1 0 0 0 0 outlet should be set up at the entrance
The cars and the stations should have 1 0 0 0 0 specific signs
If the ticket price goes up, people should be 1 0 0 0 0 given public transport subsidies
Set up more seats for the old, the weak, the 1 0 0 0 0 sick, the crippled and the pregnant
In order to avoid the urgent start and brake, more safety education 1 0 0 0 0 should be given to the drivers
Other 1 0 0 0 0
72 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
The dependence of disabled on urban public transport is lower than low-income residents and they pay more attention to the barrier-free facilities and fares.
Table 4-9 The Urban Transportation Infrastructure Needs of Special Populations( The
Families with Disabled Persons )
The families with disabled Strongly Somewhat Doesn't matter, I A bit expect Not expect persons expect expect don't know
The height of the platform must be consistent with the 1 0 1 0 0 height of the vehicle’s floor
Set the bar and lifting 2 0 0 0 0 handle
The blind tracks, barrier-free facilities, emergency inlet and 2 0 0 0 0 outlet should be set up at the entrance
The cars and the stations should have 0 1 1 0 0
specific signs
If the ticket price goes up, people should be 0 1 0 0 1 given public transport subsidies.
Set up more seats for the old, the weak, the 1 0 0 0 1 sick, the crippled and the pregnant.
In order to avoid the urgent start and brake, more safety education 1 0 0 0 1 should be given to the drivers.
73 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
The families with disabled Strongly Somewhat Doesn't matter, I A bit expect Not expect persons expect expect don't know
The height of the platform must be consistent with the 1 0 1 0 0 height of the vehicle’s floor
Set the bar and lifting 2 0 0 0 0 handle
The blind tracks, barrier-free facilities, emergency inlet and 2 0 0 0 0 outlet should be set up at the entrance
The cars and the stations should have 0 1 1 0 0 specific signs
If the ticket price goes up, people should be 0 1 0 0 1 given public transport subsidies.
Others 0 0 0 0 0
74 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
The elderly have the biggest concern of urban public transport, and participate in the project more actively. They pay more attention to safe issues. Table 4-10 The Urban Transportation Infrastructure Needs of Special Populations (The
Families with Elderly People )
Strongly Somewhat Doesn't matter, I The families with elderly people A bit expect Not expect expect expect don't know
The height of the platform must be consistent with the 39 12 2 1 4 height of the vehicle’s floor
Set the bar and lifting 40 12 3 1 2 handle
The blind tracks, barrier-free facilities, emergency inlet and 38 12 3 1 4 outlet should be set up at the entrance.
The cars and the stations should have 41 9 4 1 2 specific signs
If the ticket price goes up, people should be 34 16 2 1 5 given public transport subsidies
Set up more seats for the old, the weak, the 42 13 1 1 1 sick, the crippled and the pregnant
In order to avoid the urgent start and brake, more safety education 46 11 1 0 0 should be given to the drivers
Others 16 6 0 0 9
75 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
4.3 Project Impact Analysis to Stakeholders
4.3.1 Government of Harbin City
Construction of urban traffic system oriented by the “convenient, efficient, safe, comfortable” public transportation is the strategy of bus priority implemented actively by Harbin Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government. They hope to improve invest environment, bring vitality for economic development, bring brand-new appearance for city by the construction of urban infrastructure. The project can improve the urban transport situation, is advantageous to the urban construction, and is advantageous to realize the sustainable development strategy with economic, social and environmental benefits unified. And the implementation of the project will be a performance of the government. So, the government’s enthusiasm is very high.
4.3.2 PMO of Harbin City
The PMO of the project belongs to Leading Group of HCWSPTSP, which set uo in Harbin Harbin Municipal Transportion Bureau . It is the present key responsibility to pass the assessment of WB for PMO smoothly, and it is one of the most important indicators of performance from superior unit. Successes and Failures of the Project affect PMO a lot. If successful, it could be an important performance and could lay the foundation for application management in future similar projects. If it fails, PMO must lose the necessity of its existence, even facing the risk on the dissolution.
4.3.3 Other Agencies of Government
Construction of project needs help and assistance from other government agencies. It cannot avoid increasing their workloads. On the one hand, it is the key city-level project, on the other hand, they do not responsible for the project and it has nothing to do with them although done well. 76 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
4.3.4 Implementation Agency
Implementation agency is the specific implementation unit of the project, such as the transport bureau and the traffic management bureau in Harbin. Although they do not affect the success or failure of project directly, their work ability, work style and professional level determine the effect of the project directly.
The implementation increases the workloads of implementation agency, but its success will become a performance of its main leaders. And the implementation brings the agency budget, which helps to improve staff’s treatment. As implementation agency, it takes social risks to some extent. During the processes of construction and operation, if the implementation agency cannot deal the interests with the affected people of the land requisition or environment, it will undertake social risks.
4.3.5 Groups Impacted by the Land Requisition
The construction of the project may involve the part of gratuitous transfer of state-owned land use right, a small amount of housing demolition and temporary land occupy. Although the number of affected people is very little, according to the experience of previous similar project, if the construction and operation of the project do not deal well with the relationship between affected people, then the propulsion of project will have a lot of resistance, in the same way, also the project cannot operate normally after the completion. The current laws do not allow the mandatory demolition; the demolition must obtain the agreement of landless people. Similarly, in the project, the temporary occupies can also cause a certain loss, relevant units should actively consulting with the specific measures of compensation and replacement of the affected people, ensure that affected people can get reasonable compensation, and make the project promote smoothly.
77 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
4.3.6 Public transport Travellers
Service objects of Cold Weather Smart Public Transport System Project are urban residents, and they are the biggest beneficial. Known from the investigation that most urban residents support the project (see 5.1), they can express their opinions and suggestion. But they do not impact the project a lot.
4.3.7 Special Groups
Special groups are also beneficial. Known from the investigation that most special groups support the project, but their ability of participating in the project is weak and do not impact the project a lot. Therefore, we should carry out public participation mechanism for them and listen to their requirements fully.
In addition, government carried out preferential policy and Standard system for special groups. Take disabled as an example, when building, expanding and transforming urban roads, large public building and residential area, we should strictly enforce the barrier free design and construction requirement, no approve and no acceptance for construction projects do not meet the specifications.
Table 4-11 is part contents of undertakings for disabled persons in the Harbin “twelfth five-year” development-planning outline.
Table 4-11 Harbin Undertakings for Disabled Persons in The “Twelfth Five-year”
Development-planning Outline
13. Intensify the barrier-free construction, create conditions for disabled to participate equally in social life
-- Include the construction of barrier-free path in the annual construction plan; complete the 4 million constructions of barrier-free blind roads in roads, public buildings, residential areas and other places accessible.
-- According to certain proportion, set free parking garages for disabled in
78 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
conditional public parking lots in airports, railway stations, docks, schools, libraries, hospitals, large shopping sites, tourist attractions, etc.
-- Promote barrier-free of information communication for disabled; expand the assistive communication business; provide low-cost, high quality service for the disabled; realize barrier-free of information communication, and implementing in social communication.
-- Promote the construction of voice prompt, screen subtitle, visual guiding system in public services industry, public places, public transportation, etc. make convenient to the disabled.
5. Mutual Adaptability Analysis of the Project and the Local
Society
About the mutual adaptability analysis of the project and the local society (mutual adaptability for short below), the contents are as follows: first, we should find out whether the social environment and cultural conditions of the project location can accept and support the existence and development of the project; Second, we should investigate the progress of the project which the local government and residents both support; Third, we should study the mutual adaptability between the project and the local society.
5.1 The Mutual Adaptabilities of Different Stakeholders and the Project
The relation between stakeholders and the project is impact and be impacted. The mutual adaptabilities to the stakeholders and project, is mainly means that according to the different interest groups, the relationship between different stakeholders and the project, etc. identified by the stakeholder analysis method, gain the requirements and attitude to the project of interest groups, analyze the consequences. Specific contents include: on the one hand, attitude and acceptability of stakeholders on the project construction and
79 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System operation, in what aspects, to what degree they can support and cooperate with the project; on the other hand, influence and adaptabilities on local organizations, social structure, technology, culture and so on. Table 5-1 is the analysis of mutual adaptabilities of between HCWSPTSP and all stakeholders. The situation of symposium about the attitude and requirements of stakeholders can be seen in Figure 5-1.
Table 5-1 The Mutual Adaptabilities of Different Stakeholders of Project
Stakeholders Attitudes Acceptabilities Supports and cooperation
Positive attitude；
Ask the PMO of the According to the social economic The government of development, consider the project city to approve the Good adaptation Harbin city project and go about components, fund raising, policy the construction as making and so on. soon as possible
Positive attitude; Ask the Project Strengthen the communication implementation between the government agencies PMO of the city agencies to finish Good adaptation and other related agencies, to the construction coordinate the relationship task as soon as between the agencies possible
Other government Positive attitude; agencies (Harbin According to the function of Ask the Project Municipal Finance different department, they should implementation Bureau, Civil Affairs cooperate in the sides the project agencies to finish Good adaptation Bureau, involves, participate in project the construction Environmental design, provide comments and task as soon as Protection Agency, suggestions possible etc.)
Project implementation Positive attitude; From the perspective of agencies (Traffic ask for matching institutional demand, they should Management funds; go about the Good adaptation put forward project content and Bureau, Bureau of construction as construction project after the Transportation, soon as possible. project has been approved. etc.)
80 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
The people Positive attitude; After they have accepted the influenced by the ask for the Relatively good compensation and resettlement land acquisition and reasonable adaptation fund, they should take the initiative house demolition compensation to leave the occupied land.
Positive attitude; Ask the project Through public participation The people travel implementation channels, actively participate in the by public Good adaptation agencies to start the design of the project, to provide transportation construction as good advice soon as possible
Positive attitude; ask the project Through public participation implementation channels, actively participate in the Special crowds Good adaptation agencies to start the design of the project, to provide construction as good advice soon as possible
Figure 5-1 SA Group Had A Symposium with Relative Units of HCWSPTSP
From 14th Mar. 2013 to 20th Mar. 2013, the SA group carried out the random sampling questionnaire survey to residents nearby, passengers of buses and personnel in enterprise and public institution long the Harbin
81 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System intelligent public transport corridor (passage of Youyi Road, Xinyang Road and Hongqi Street). Send 506 questionnaires in total. And 506 questionnaires were recovered, 500 valid questionnaires. We used the SPSS statistics software to count and analyze the statistics. About the necessity of setting up bus lanes in Harbin, 83.4% of people think it is necessary, to the attitude to the setting up of bus lanes in Harbin, 84.8% of people support. See Figure 5-2 and 5-3.
Figure 5-2 The Necessity Analysis of Establishing of Bus Lanes Harbin
Figure 5-3 The Necessity Analysis of Giving Space Priority to Bus Lanes
82 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
5.2 The Adaptability Between the Project and the Local Organizations, Social Structures
5.2.1 The Adaptability Between the Project and the Local Organizations
Local organizations refer to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and urban and rural residents spontaneously formed folk organizations or groups, etc. in the project area and benefit area.
Through field survey, there is not any kind of direct involvement of NGOs, etc. involved in the location area of three entities of the HCWSPTSP, so they will not affect the project. At the same time, the project as the public infrastructure service projects, its implementation and operation are service for internal transportation of the city, will not have direct or indirect negative effects on the development of all types of organizations. The Figures below are the communication process between SA group and main bus companies in Harbin about smart public transportation system and its adaptability. The SA group arranged the material such as the interview content and so on.
Figure 5-4 Symposium with Harbin Head Bus Company and Heilongjiang Feiyi
Passenger Transport co., LTD
Table 5-2 Content of Symposium with Harbin Head Bus Company
Time: 2:00pm on 26th Mar. 2013 Place: Conference room on 6th floor of Harbin Head Bus Company Participants: Manager Liu of Harbin Head Bus Company, Minister Zhang of operation and
83 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System information ministry and all the team captains
Process of the symposium A. Panel: Manager Liu of Harbin Head Bus Company First, Manager Liu introduced the basic situation of the company. Harbin Head Bus Company established in 1946, is the national secondary enterprise. Now it belongs to one of the three largest state-run public transportation companies in Harbin. Company has more than 7,400 enrollment existing staff, together with more than 3,000 retired staff; the company has to burdened salary of more than 10,400 people and distributed tasks such as pensions. The company has more than 1,800 buses in total, among them, more than 1,600 buses are normal operation, and about 4,000 first line drivers, among them, more than 2,300 are in active service, near 1,700 are outside hired. The company has bus routes add up to 59, including 3 buses at night (22:00-24:00 every day), No.8 bus is “women team” in the company. All the bus routes, shipping a total of more than 80 passengers, and the transportation mileage reaches 100 million kilometers daily. Harbin Head Bus Company has seven operation sub-companies, in addition with a maintenance company as subsidiary company and a logistics company as property management company. Company team implement operation management of target responsibility. In 2012, the operating income is 300 million Yuan. After the evaluation of operating costs, the company was still operating loss in the year. According to the instruction of Manager Liu, the company losses more than 80 million Yuan every year, now the debt is 500 million in total. Country gives subsidies on financial and subsidies on fuel every year are about 50 million Yuan and 100 million Yuan respectively on average. The main reason is policy-related losses including pension, and operational losses is small. So far, Harbin Head Bus Company has invested continuously for three years according to the investment scale of 200 buses each year, among them, the investment of the construction of the parking lot in Hailan area is nearly 300 million Yuan, in the subsequent investments, the company will gain performance by ways such as “land replacement”. In addition, the average monthly wage of first line drivers is about 2,600 Yuan. Because the bus drivers have to get up about 4:00am, work about 14 hours average, and there is no additional commercial insurance to guarantee except compulsory insurance, the supply of drivers for 32 bus companies is very tense all the time. In terms of the specifications and configuration of the buses, the ways of maintaining is different, and after sales service for different bus brands is different, this may cause the cost high maintenance costs and delays. In terms of energy conservation and environmental protection, companies purchase a number of natural gas buses, and most of them the rear engine, pedal configuration. But because Environmental Regulatory Authorities improve the emission standers from “Ou 4” to “Ou5”, the 34 new purchased buses cannot get licensed. It shows the inflexibility of Harbin local policy. In addition, to response to the extreme cold city environment, new purchases buses are all hollow glasses, once broken, the bus has to be repaired by the factory, this kind of “industrial design trap” brings the operation of bus company heavy burden. To the subsidies preferential policy of reducing the age enjoy discount when taking buses to 60 year old, Manager Liu regarded that the assumption is all depended on the
84 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Harbin finance subsidies. To the construction of barrier-free facilities, he also thought should be started with the setting of bus stops, and the possibility of sign language stops is low. In addition, Manager Liu thought the road canalization project should not be rushed to start. The smart public transportation project should priority solve urgent problems such as “waiting in warm house”, “ parking in warm house”, and the solution of “slope” and “platform” two problems, is an urgent key problem need to be solved. At last, Manager Liu hoped that the smart public transport system construction project should configure intelligent equipment to command department of each team, improve the operation efficiency and management level in the whole company by depressing the management.
B. Panel: Minister Zhang of operation and information ministry Minister Zhang believed the situation of “public transport rule all the world” is more convenient to provide better benefits to residents in Harbin. Now, the employment personnel scare in Harbin bus drivers market is small, the historical debts of the company itself is much, hardware facilities of first and last stops and parking are scarce, the cold winter climate as long as half a year lead to problems such as driving difficult in winter, seasonal absenteeism, etc. Based on these, Minister Zhang more money loaned by the WB can be used in the construction of infraction of parking and first and last stops; these constructions of infrastructure also had more effectiveness than new type of intelligent equipment. Moreover, after the operation of the project, he hoped the bus lanes can be “use for only buses”, project investment should take the salary of personnel in each bus company into more consideration; improve the working situation and environment. Finally, to the construction of garbage, had better to be decentralized, the location should be as reasonable as possible, to make convenience for vehicles to enter the library and reduce the cost.
C. Panel: Capital Ma, the delegate of all teams Capital Ma, the delegate of all teams, regarded that, on the current status of the facilities, the construction of stops should give priority to the solution of public infrastructure like water supply and drainage system and so on. In addition, except bus drivers, he hoped improve working conditions for worker including cleaner and drivers, etc. by improving the level of wages and insurance level.
Table 5-3 Content of Symposium with Heilongjiang Feiyi Passenger Transport co.,
LTD
Time: 2:30pm on 27th Mar. 2013 Place: Conference room on 3rd floor of Heilongjiang Feiyi Passenger Transport co., LTD on No. 16 Feiyi Road
Participants: Manager Li Xiao-gang（13945676568）
Content:
85 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
According to the introduction of Manager Li, Heilongjiang Feiyi Passenger Transport co., LTD is the biggest private passenger transportation company in nearly 30 private passenger transportation companies. Now, there are 402 operating buses in company, 18 of them had not gained public transport operation code in the city. The company has 10 bus routes such as No.64, No.66,etc., and has 10 bus teams. The daily traffic-counting was 300,000 person, in cold winter, it would be reduced because of students’ holiday, the reduction of out people and so on. Together with the management personnel, the company had 720 employees, including 523 first line enrolled bus drivers. In 2012, the total operation income of the company get more than 30 million, as private company, the operation of bus can only enjoy fuel subsidies. According to company accounting in 2012, operation cost is 1.1 Yuan per capita, the ticket income 1 Yuan per capita (only No.218 2 Yuan per capital) made the company overall assumes loss in recent years. Set the repair and spare parts replacement costs for all kinds of buses as an example, expenditure for the logistics every year can reach more than 300 ten thousand yuan. In 2012, the company appeared the phenomenon of the leaving employees apply for returning to the company. On the one hand, it was because the full time salary (in strict accordance with the system of working two days rest for a day) for first line drivers had added up to 4,000 Yuan monthly, the full time salary for repairers and cleaners had added up to 3,000-3,500 Yuan; on the other hand, it was because of the freight logistics market resent years. Now, the women drivers shared the rate of about 2%, and it may related to the 12 working hours a day. In terms of traffic accident, due to the slippery road in winter, all kinds of traffic accidents in company reached 200 in recent year. In terms of traffic accident responsibility determination, the company always bear about the 80% - 90% of the compensation, in winter, the rate may be 100%, to ensure employees can focus on their work. As for company operation vehicles, 402 operating buses can be divided into three types, low-end and midrange and high-end, and the high-end buses were mainly No.218, and the price of each “naked bus” is about 430,000; the low-end buses were mainly and the price of No. 64, No.66, No.82, No.91, No.94 and No.218 “naked bus” is about 200,000; the midrange buses were mainly and the price of No. 68, No.86 “naked bus” is about 350,000. The rate of natural gas bus and diesel buses is about 2:1. In addition, another one need to be pointed out is that, now the GPS systems on 400 buses are “replacement” facilities, the system not only with big power consumption, but also only had the function of station reporting, and was unable to realize remote control and scheduling functions. In terms of the punctuality and measured during bus operation, affected by the congestion and snow, the punctuality was hard to ensure present, the company benefits were also affected by the late of the bus. In addition, the company established specific telephone for complaints, 88001886, and operating buses in all bus routes all had the telephone number of team leader, in case of passengers reflecting various bus problem at any time. Finally, in terms of laying of bus lanes, Manager Li hoped designed the bus priority corridors with causeway into Chinese bus priority corridors, and learned from the
86 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
construction experience of bay mode bus stop in Jinan area, implement the decision making of “bus priority, fast public transport” as soon as possible, and hoped to increased treatment intensity of phenomenon such as “pedestrian run through red light”, “private cars stop at the bus stop”, improve travel safety and quality for all citizens. Known from the symposium with two bus operation companies, these organizations both had very high expectations to the implantation of the project, and gave effective constructive suggestions to the possible problems and risks during the operation process.
Finally, it should be pointed out that to ensure the construction of HCWSPTSP loaned by WB, Harbin government has established leader group of HCWSPTSP loaned by WB, consists by main leaders of Municipal Development and Reform Commission, City Finance Bureau, City Housing and Urban-rural, City Department of Transportation, City traffic police detachment, City Water Supply and Drainage Group, City Investment Company and other relative units or departments. The leader group is mainly in charge of reviewing and determining the overall project planning, organizing and coordinating the major issues involving in national and municipal level, policy, system and other aspects of during the construction process of the project.
From the perspective of the operation situation of WB leader group in Harbin City, Harbin can solve all kinds of problems in time, and has promoted the orderly development of the whole project.
5.2.2 The Adaptability Between the Project and the Social Structures
The content of social structures in fact is the main body of the society—people and their survival activities—the existence mode of social activity and social relationship, generally performance for: a) population structure; b) combined structure of population; c) position structure (the subordinate group class in society); d) the survival spatial structure; e) lifestyle structure; f) the composition and mutual relations, etc. of various aspects in all
87 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
areas like social, economic, political, legal, cultural, and so on.
The latest data in Harbin Bureau of Statistics in 2011shows that, the birth rate, was 8.3‰, the death rate was 5.6‰, the natural population growth rate was 2.7‰, the average household population was 2.7, the population sex ratio of male to female was 101.62, and had a certain “demographic dividend”. In terms of economic structure, in 2011 in Harbin, the local GDP was 424.22 billion, among them, the primary industry accounted for 10.5%, the second industry accounted for 38.8%, and the third industry accounted for 50.7%. Obviously, Harbin economic growth mainly depends on tourism and service industry, etc. The industry types will be more performance for labor-intensive industry. In 2011 in Harbin urban per capita disposable income was 20,031 Yuan, annual per capita net income of farmers reached 9,608 Yuan.
It can be seen from the data analysis above, the social structure adjustment including population structure and industrial structure, has brought the increase of residents’ income, at the same time, the demand for urban infrastructure will also increase, the construction of HCWSPTSP will speed up the rapid transition of social structure. Actually, most of sub-projects of HCWSPTSP are located in urban area, and the land is state-owned urban planed construction land, the family population structure of affected groups in project area is mainly nuclear family, the combined structure of population is relatively complex. Harbin as the political, economic and cultural center of Heilongjiang Province, the social structure in the construction of the project and service area has the common characteristics of domestic large and medium-sized cities, has certain urgency to the demand of the smart public transport system construction project, so the degree of social mutual adaptability is very high. The other way round, the implementation of Harbin smart public transport system project also has a good role in improving the city public service level, improving the quality of residents’ life in the city and optimizing social structure.
88 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
5.3 The Adaptability Between the Project and the Local Technology, Culture Conditions
5.3.1 Whether Local Technology Meet The Requirements of Project
From the perspective of the project cycle, local technology includes the construction technology during the construction process and project management techniques in the operation process. To judge whether local technology can meet the requirements of the project construction and operation management, is to review that whether there are implementing agencies and management institutions with a corresponding qualification during the construction period and operation period. The construction and operation of the sub-projects of HCWSPTSP and the management institutions selected the constructing and operating units for sub-project with technical qualifications meet the requirements of the WB according to the requirements of WB project. The formation of the urban comprehensive transportation planning, public transport special planning, etc. has carried out a number of subject research and technology innovation of infrastructure projects, solved a serious of key technical problems by the cooperation with scientific research institutions, consulting firms, etc. Table 5-4 below is the research professionals to be employed during preparation stage of the project in Harbin.
Table 5-4 Research Professionals to Be Employed during Preparation Stage of The
Project in Harbin
No. Type No. Note 1 Sociologists and economists 2 2 Urban planners 3 Environmental experts and expert in 3 energy conservation and emissions 2 reduction Experts in urban road safety and traffic 4 2 management 5 Urban public transport experts 3
89 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
No. Type No. Note 6 Financial experts 1 7 Agency experts 1
5.3.2 Whether Cultural Conditions Conflict with The Project
The cultural conditions in project location mainly refer to cultural factors such as ethnic, religious and customs in the construction and operational use areas of each sub-project of Harbin smart public transport system would be able to understand project, welcome and support the smart public transportation, construction and use.
Through the visit to ethnic and religious committee and national schools in Harbin, we knew that the urban area of Harbin is a multi-ethnic scattered mixed city. In Harbin, there are 40 kinds of minorities, more than 200,000 minority population, a Man Nationality village, 10 ethnic villages, 2 fixed-point production enterprises for ethnic minorities supplies, nearly thousand various ethnic minority enterprises in all forms of ownership, 2 national hospitals, 12 national primary and secondary schools and kindergartens, a minority culture and art group, 6 fellowship groups of ethnic minorities and 2 tombs for Hui Nationality, but all these minority areas is located in each count and village in Harbin, there is no minority area in project area. In addition, as the capital city in Heilongjiang Province, there are tens of thousands of ethnic minority migrant population to Harbin learning, working and doing business. Due to years of live scattered, minority population in urban area has been integrated into the local customs of Harbin and use local language, these existing ethnic minority culture and customs has no clash with the design, implementation and operation, etc. of the project. According to the suggestions by Harbin Ethnic and Religious Affairs Committee, because sites from Hongqi Street to Tongxiang Street scattered more Korean citizens, they hope to set up Chinese and Korean bilingual road signs in this section and report bilingual in these stations. Based on the evaluation of the social impact, in fact, the construction
90 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
of the project also has benefit to promote the synchronous development of ethnic minority social economy and the Harbin City, promote national unity and harmony.
At the same time, according to the information provided by Harbin Ethnic and Religious Affairs Committee, there are a variety of religions coexisting in the city, including 6 kinds of religion such as Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism, Christianity and Orthodox. There are 6 citywide religion patriotic groups (City Buddhist Association, City Taoism Association, City Islam Association, City Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association, City Christian Three-self Patriotic Association, and City Christianity Association). There are 56 religious activity places in total in urban area, and near 150,000 of masses of all kinds of faith. However in the about 200 meters away from three corridors of public transport project of HUIPTSP, there is no religion and ritual facilities. In fact, after the completion of the project, the improvement and optimization of the bus network will make convenient for believers to participate in religious activities, and will provide a good hardware facilities and more human service environment.
6. Social Risk Analysis
The implementation of the project often has negative impacts on the project surrounding residents; these impacts may become a source of intensifying social conflicts. The focuses to analysis and discuss in SA report are how to identify in advance the negative impacts of a project that may lead to social risks, and propose measures and recommendations to avoid or mitigate social risks.
6.1. Identification of Social Risk
6.1.1 Social Risks in the Early Phase of Projects
Based on analysis of the contents of project construction and make
91 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
interviews one by one to Municipal Construction Committee, Transportation Bureau, Traffic Management Bureau, City Management Bureau and other departments, the social risks faced during the preparation phase of HCWSPTSP mainly include the following aspects:
First, degree of information disclosure is not enough, lacking of public participation
From project preparation process and related interviews we can see that the degree of information disclosure is not enough. Neither the common people nor the government departments such as Land Resources Bureau and Civil Affairs Bureau do not know the project and project content. The project information disclosure and public participation have further room for improvement.
Second, agency risk
Agency risk is different from other risks above. It is a kind of internal risk, decision-making risk and risk of project implementation caused by the establishment of the project temporary agencies and the following authority conflict and benefit conflict. As introduced earlier, the main contents of this project belong to the transaction scope of Transportation Bureau. There are inconsistencies between the institutional responsibilities in the project and the actual institutional responsibilities in project implementation process, which need to further straighten out the clear distinctions, to guarantee that the project preparation and project implementation can be carried out smoothly.
Third, lack of World Bank Project experience, consciousness and concept of inclusive development is not very strong
From pre-project preparation process can be seen, the PMO has strong project preparation and management capabilities, but overall the project other relevant agencies, grasping and understanding of the policies of World Bank project are not comprehensive nor fully. Performance in the lack of 92 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
understanding of some concepts, some ideas in the project, and is still not in project preparation, such as the design of the project is still not fully consider the factors of these policies of the World Bank.
6.1.2 Social Risks during Construction Phase
Generally speaking, social risks of the project construction period on the one hand perform to create noise, dust and other environment risks caused by project construction after each sub-entity commencing; on the other hand, these social risks also include personal injury, risk of work missing, temporary land use and other risks.
Specific to HUIPTSP, the predictions of social risks during construction phase can be summarized as follows:
First, bus priority public transport corridor project
Youyi road channel (TongGang street - highway bridge), Xinyang Road channel (Xiangzheng Street – Jincheng Street), and Hongqi Street Channel (Dongzhi Road - Tongxiang street), these three bus priority corridor length is 21.59 km. No matter road renovation, or road widening and upgraded, these projects will inevitably produce the common noise, air, solid waste and other environmental risks of municipal engineering project construction process in the construction process, the increase in the frequency block traffic, traffic accidents and other traffic management increased risk also appears. In addition, the control signals and canalization system, information publishing system on the platform, and other information technology equipments during the intelligent public transport corridor construction (BC - 2) subproject, have some procurement risks, such as that the quality and the model is not in conformity with requirements.
In the sub-construction environmental risks that may arise, for example, in the process of bus priority corridors construction, daytime construction noise interfere with residents’ work and production along the roadsides, nighttime 93 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System construction noise interfere with residents’ rest and living along the roadsides. During project construction, road surface excavation, construction dregs and construction materials will inevitably pile up along the way, rain construction dregs, building materials after rain washed and vehicle rolling, then the roads become muddy, these will affect the excavation of the road near the landscape and tidy. Construction of road excavation, bare ground surface in case of rainfall, may have a certain amount of soil erosion, while the excavation of surface vegetation brings destruction. Laying new pavement and the transformation is complete; must recover the corresponding sections of green, reduce soil erosion and restore most of the vegetation.
Second, public transportation infrastructure projects
Public transportation infrastructure subprojects are planning for the HUCWSPTSP. The subprojects plan to build public transport hub stations, bus terminals and bus shelters, which are suitable for extremely cold environment, purchase new buses suitable for alpine areas, and build public transport intelligent management platform. All of these aims at enhancing the level of public transportation infrastructure modernization, making public transport infrastructure construction level coincide with the public transport corridor construction level, and improving the level of public transport services. As for the content of the project, the project mainly includes the terminal construction and equipment procurement. Compared with equipment procurement, the terminal construction is necessary for the municipal engineering construction. Temporary occupation of land, dust pollution, water pollution, vegetation deterioration and other social risks will arise. During the construction process, many construction machineries and transport vehicles need to be used. These devices will undoubtedly radiate strong noise, which will affect the normal life of nearby residents. Among these devices, construction machineries mainly include excavators, bulldozers, loaders, bulldozers and the others. Transport vehicles include all kinds of trucks, dump trucks. Table 6-1 shows the noise
94 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System levels of all kinds of construction machinery equipment, which would be used during the construction process of Harbin cold weather smart transport system project.
Table 6-1 The Noise Levels of All Kinds of Construction Machinery Equipment
Unit: dB（A）
The distance between observation point and Number Mechanical types LMax construction equipment （m）
1 Wheel loader 5 90
2 Land leveller 5 90
3 Movable roller 5 86
4 Double vibration road roller 5 81
5 Three wheeled roller 5 81
6 Pneumatic tyred roller 5 76
7 Bulldozer 5 86
8 Hydraulic wheel excavator 5 84
9 Paver 5 87
10 Generator 5 98
11 Truck 5 92
12 Concrete mixer 5 91
13 Concrete pump 5 95
14 Mobile crane 5 96
15 Hammers and rock drills 5 98
16 Vibratory machine 5 84
17 Air wrench 5 95
In this project the possible risk of temporary land use analysis as an example. For affected residents of project temporary land use, temporary land compensation fees must be in place, otherwise there will be residents impede
95 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
project construction and lead to social risk of the project construction period delay, conflict risks of affecting social stability and harmony may also exist. After the completion of the supporting infrastructure projects, ensure that residents of temporary land use can timely use the land after the reconstruction, does not affect the residents' normal production and work. Construction period of temporary land use should fully protect the affected residents in the economic and social benefits.
Third, others
From the planning and construction schemes of the other three subprojects, we can see that, traffic management and safety construction project, road maintenance and emergency response project, and agency capacity building project, the main contents of these projects include the equipment procurement, installation and personnel training, etc. During construction period, the social risk is mainly traffic chaos phenomena such as temporary traffic congestion may occur when Harbin city public traffic is in the equipment debugging and personnel training period.
As can be seen from the analysis above, Harbin cold weather smart transportation system projects may bring a certain degree of negative effects in project construction period, but these effects are small scale, short, social risk it brings in a sense can be characterized as the necessary project cost. However, for temporary land occupation, etc., if the construction workers and local residents do not have good communication, some minor contradictions without timely mitigation, it may also produce more violent social conflicts.
6.1.3 Social Risks during Operation Phase
After HCWSPTSP put into operation, social risks may exist in the following areas:
First, ticket price increase problem
96 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
The survey found that Harbin people are more sensitive to prices after the implementation of the project. 88.4% of residents believe that the current price ticket is reasonable, 87.8% of the people want to be able to maintain the project after the completion of the current fare.
Figure 6-1 public evaluation of the existing fare
Figure 6-2 public fares hope of the project after the completion
All kinds of interview process to carry out in the social group also can be seen that, older age groups and parts of disabilities are especially sensitive to fares. Some respondent people even said that if the project is completed and
97 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System fares increase, then they will change the way to travel, no longer take the bus. Because their original income is not high, according to the current fare, they are now spending 60 yuan fare of about a month, which for the lower income groups (the elderly, disabled people, their retirement income or monthly income of the majority is only 1000-1500 yuan), is already a large expense, if the ticket price increase after the completion of the project, that would reduce their quality of life.
Second, operational management aspects issues
Operational management aspects issues are firstly reflected on some still remaining function limitations of new public transport such as bus and bus stop, which are like the limitations in nowadays bus operation system that make the urban residents refuse to take the bus. Based on the residents' questionnaire survey along the bus priority corridor in Harbin City, 17.3% of people think the main reason that prompte residents to change to bus is "bus clean, well-maintained", 14.9% of people considered "bus station can provide more intelligent information", 14.0% of people considered to be "add new bus lines in home and travel destination", 12.8% of people considered to be" a warm site facility ", 12.4% of people considered to be" public transportation safer "(see Table 6-2). 28.4% of people think the main reason that do not take bus is "working hours too crowded", 21.5% of people considered" bus did not run "(see Table 6-3). After the operation of the project, if the various factors that promoting public to change to take bus cannot function, or the factors that promoting public not to change to take bus cannot improve, then the effect of the project itself without regulations, will become social risk in first operation period that Harbin City Smart Transport System project faced.
Table 6-2 The Reasons Prompting Change to Take Bus
98 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Cumulative Percentage (%) selection (times)
Bus station can provide more 164 14.9% intelligent information
More clean, well-maintained 190 17.3% buses
Bus faster 136 12.4% (If the bus professional channel)
Add new bus lines in home and 154 14.0% travel destination
Reduced fares 120 10.9%
Transfer to other modes of 79 7.2% transportation more efficient
Warm site facilities 141 12.8%
Public transport safer 53 4.8%
There are old, weak, sick and 27 2.5% disabled dedicated bus seat
Bus transfer deals 37 3.4%
Total 1101 100.0%
Table 6-3 The Reasons Prompting Not to Take Bus
99 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Cumulative Percentage (%) selection (times)
Parking easier 64 6.1%
Subway station opened 132 12.5%
The bus is not on time 226 21.5%
Bus is too crowed in work 299 28.4% time
Easier and safer to cross the 48 4.6% road
Cheaper fuel costs 30 2.9%
Have the ability to buy a car 112 10.6%
Public bus station Rent a 26 2.5% bike
Have the ability to buy 26 2.5% electric vehicles
There are not old, weak, sick
and disabled dedicated bus 36 3.4% seat
Other 35 3.3%
Not changed 18 1.7%
Total 1052 100.0%
In addition, for the operation of the smart public transportation system, as 100 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
traffic management and safety construction project, road maintenance and emergency response project, and agency capacity building project, these three subprojects mainly rely on the procurement of information and electronic equipment to operate, the possible social risks during the project operation will focus on noise pollution and radiation pollution, which are caused by equipment operation. In addition, the management and use risks caused by the equipment’s poor quality, high difficulty of maintenance and network virus attacks in project operational phase is also inevitable. Besides, in the application process of these devices, the risk of the city public traffic participants approve and accept these intelligent transportation equipment also need to be test through practice after operation of the project.
For bus priority public transport corridors and public transport infrastructure these two subprojects, after completion of the project, because the procurement of the bus capacity increases, and more for the low-carbon environmental protection, reduce a lot of harm to the surrounding social environment especially to the surrounding noise, air and other ecological factors compared before completion of the project. However, during the project operation, increasing number of vehicles and other factors brought by the improvement of bus lines will lead the increase of motor vehicle exhaust emissions, vehicle leakage oil and other harmful substances scattered on the road year by year, once these pollutants with rainfall runoff into water bodies, the water quality will have an impact; On the other hand, even if the new purchase bus can use natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas of low pollution fuel, but as a means of transport is still inevitably produce carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, car exhaust smoke, hydrocarbons, etc.
6.2. Mitigating Measures
6.2.1 Measures for Risk Mitigating at Early Stage of Project
(a) Risk Mitigating of Land Acquisition, House Demolition and
101 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Resettlement
Any construction of the project are required to use some of the land, land occupation, buildings, structures compensation and relocation cannot be completely separated from project construction. For risk of land acquisition and house demolition, it is usually required by optimizing the project design to reduce the impact of land acquisition, house demolition and resettlement, to develop a detailed plan of land acquisition, house demolition and resettlement or prepare policy framework for potential resettlement risk constraints, in order to mitigate risk.
In the project planning, design stage, land departments should be involved as early as possible to make sure land ownership, prepare the relevant plans in advance, and timely adjust the master plan of land use, and strive to make project land reasonable, legalization. Match with Harbin‘s master development plan, try to save the city construction land, in residential areas, schools, hospitals, shopping malls, stations and other sensitive areas should be the reasonable location, to reduce the number of house demolition. While the need for relocation of ground attachments, including the house, should be a really good job relocation compensation work, strictly in accordance with national, Heilongjiang Province's and Harbin City's relevant policies and compensation standards, timely payment of all compensation costs. Maintain the public participation rights and legitimate interests; guarantee the standard of living and production status of theirs.
(b) Avoid Social Risk and Policy Risk Caused by Dismantling the Building or Illegal Demolition
PMO should try to organize, coordinate Land and Resource Bureau, Department of Transportation, Traffic Management Bureau, project design units as soon as possible, to jointly survey the scene, early identification of project scope, started investigation in a timely manner, to ascertain the exact
102 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
amount of influence. At the same time, familiar with World Bank's policies as soon as possible, ready ahead of compensation funds according to the requirement of World Bank social protection policies.
(c) Dissolve the Risk of Inadequate Information Disclosure and Public Participation
Through a variety of media in various forms introduce and promote the project to the public, public participation in this project, encourage different community stakeholders to participate in the project effectively and actively, optimize project design and management.
(d) Resolving Organizational Risk
Clarify institutional responsibilities and responsibilities with the project of each agency, coordinated by the leadership team, project management meetings should be held regularly and they should communicate and solve the problems the projects encounter.
(e) Resolving the Management Agencies and Executive Agencies’ Inexperience to World Bank Project
Enhance training and study for project management and executing agency, introducing World Bank policies comprehensive and detailed, promoting the project can benefit more people, achieving scientific management, promoting inclusive development in project area.
6.2.2 Risk Aversion Measures During Construction
After the red line graph and the construction scheme of each subproject of Harbin clod weather smart transport system project has been determined, and then the construction phase begins. According to each subproject’s project content, features, process, scale and personnel's quality and ability of project implementation, the risk aversion measures during construction can be divided into ecological environment risk avoidance measures and compensation for
103 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System temporary land to avoid risk. The bus priority public transport corridors and public transport infrastructure projects, as the basic support projects loaned by World Bank, are the main targets of risk aversion in the construction phase.
First, Ecological Environment Risk Avoidance Measures
(a) Avoidance Measures of Noise Pollution
After the construction phase of supporting infrastructure, including the construction of canalized inter section, hub station and first and last stop along the integrated urban transport corridors and public transport corridor, the approach of various types of construction equipment and personnel are often the first to bring noise pollution. According to the universal experience of municipal construction projects in the construction phase, generally taking Changed construction methods to alleviate the problem that noise sometimes up to 85dB (such as piling operations) at the construction site, such as the job which have powerful noise source can be placed on the daytime (06:00 ~ 22:00) or making appropriate adjustments of various construction machinery operation time. To reduce the sound source of transport of materials percussion, people’s shouting and other construction activities during construction, contractors need to construct civilly and strengthen the effective management measures to mitigate the problem. For the construction site within 150 meters away from the residential areas, construction machineries have large noise at night (22:00 to 06:00) should stop. Work sites which must be continuous constructed, the construction unit should promptly get in touch with the local environmental protection department depending on the specific circumstances, apply for night construction permit and announced to utmost strive for people's understanding, cooperation and support. Sampling and monitoring the sensitive points close to the construction site, such as Huaxing primary and Corning homes near the railway street, take noise canceling measures such as mobile type or build temporary noise barriers depending on the monitoring results. Finally emphasized that construction unit should 104 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
instruct construction unit to post notice at the construction site and public complaints telephone of the project period. After receiving the report, the construction unit should promptly get in touch with the local environmental protection department to timely process a variety of environmental disputes.
(b) Avoidance Measures of Water Pollution
Construction materials of harbin cold weather smart transportation system projects used in building the transport, stacking process will cause dust, have a definite impact on nearby water bodies. In addition, if the storage of asphalt, oil and chemicals is improper care, it will be washed into the water easily, and pollute the water environment. In this regard, it is recommended engineering contracting contract shall express the terms for the transport process of road building materials (such as asphalt, oilseeds, chemicals, etc.) to prevent the sprinkle leak, and other problem. Also, various materials disposal site shall not be located in the vicinity of rivers or irrigation canals to avoid them flowing into the water bodies with the rain and causing surface water pollution. In addition, concrete mixing station and precast field need to be set during construction in the project. In which, the process of aggregate cleaning and concrete curing will produce a certain wastewater, suspended solids are principal pollutants by cleaning aggregate, concrete curing water is in high pH, the part of the waste water shall be recycled to the grit chamber to recycle supernatant water after precipitation, after mud and debris and other are settled down they will backfill embankment. Again, while along the bus corridor, particularly within 100 m of the shore of the river, there cannot be stacked or dumping of any materials containing hazardous substances or wastes, close the river, forbidding earth borrowing and temporary spoil, disposal site of construction materials such as asphalt, oil, chemicals and other harmful substances should be located barrier measures and Gabon cloth covered to reduce pollution caused by rain wash, prohibit spilling water, construction waste shall not be discharged directly into the river. Finally, the project construction departments should make sure soil
105 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
and water along the highway are conserved to reduce soil erosion, making reasonable arrangements for construction period to avoid and reduce roadbed excavation in the rainy season, and trying to achieve dig and fill balance, reduce the amount of earthwork stacking, constructing in strict accordance with the design of water conservation measures.
(c) Avoidance Measures of Atmospheric Pollution
Compared to mining and other projects, the air pollution of public transportation projects is much lower; the atmospheric pollution of smart transportation projects of Harbin mainly adjusts pollution (PM2.5, etc.). Therefore, hardening measures or watering for the construction and transportation road surface is required to be adopted during materials transport, road excavation and material processing in outdoor project; they should strengthen watering or increase watering times in arid windy weather. Strengthen management for stacking easy lost materials is needed, setting wind-break walls around it, and arranging stacking position reasonably, If necessary, blending additives or spray lubricant on stacking surface to stabilize the material to minimize the amount of dust of all types equipment.
(d) Avoidance Measures of Solid Waste Pollution
Bus priority public transport corridors and public transport infrastructure projects, mostly are engineering and construction facilities, the solid waste generated during construction mainly includes construction debris and construction workers’ garbage. For the use of these pollutants, on the one hand the construction garbage of these projects can be partially used for site leveling of construction camp and temporary area, and the rest of the construction waste and construction personnel garbage will need to be collected and sent to the nearest municipal solid waste landfill.
(e) Precautionary Measures for Impacts on Vegetation
The risk avoidance of HCWSPTSP regarding ecological environment 106 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
mainly focus on the protection of urban various green vegetation.. Before the construction of the project, the construction unit should develop a reasonable construction schedule, try to avoid the rainy season, and prepare slope protection and drainage facilities well before the rainy season. Also, construction area should be pre-planned, and construction operations should be strict controlled within a specified area to avoid disturbing more land and destroying more vegetation. During the construction phase, the construction unit shall purchase in legal stockyard, and the procurement contract signed with stockyard shall explicitly assume the responsibility for soil erosion.
Second, Compensation for Temporary Land
According to China's Land Management Law, the temporary land user shall use the land as the contract, not build permanent structures. After the temporary use of land expired, the temporary land units and individuals is responsible for the restoration of the original land use situation; if there are any unrecoverable losses, they shall bear the corresponding economic compensation responsibilities. Temporary use of land shall generally not exceed two years. During the construction of Harbin cold weather smart transportation system project, in order to ensure construction quality and reduce environmental pollution, the settings of concrete mixing plant, precast yard, hazardous materials dumps and wind wall for easy loss materials, is bound to occupy or affect residents within a certain range of production and commonly used living spaces. After the project construction period is determined, the construction unit should speed up the construction progress, and make temporary land compensation standards for the identification and issuance work.
107 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
6.2.3 Risk Aversion Measures During the Operation
6.2.3.1. Issue of Fares
In the pre-project coordination meeting, the Development and Reform Commission of Harbin has committed to not raising their prices after the completion of the project. Accordingly, there are no social risk results from fares increase
6.2.3.2. Operational Management Issues
As the giant city in the northern cold area, Harbin’s bus operation management has the distinctive geographical and northern Frigid Zone features. First, bus travel area is concentrating; public transport corridor effect is obvious. Before the project construction, the public transportation corridors that involved in the project have become the Harbin traffic "bottleneck". And the city main road - public transport corridor where these “bottleneck” sections are, concentrates the larger proportion of bus trips. Besides, these sections have much more traffic, more road congestions and lack infrastructure to ensure bus priority, so the overall level of bus operation is low. Second, as winter is long and cold, "Three difficulties" exists in starting car, driving car and waiting car. The winter of Harbin is about 6 months, average temperature
20.3 ℃, which has more than 210 days under -10 ℃. In such a low
temperature, outdoor parking lot vehicle cannot be started in the morning, only through a midnight launch or torch baking methods to start vehicles; because the temperature is very low, it is hard for the passengers to wait in the outdoor for a long time. Under normal circumstances, the passengers will feel whole body cold if the waiting time is more than eight minutes; 15 minutes you can feel beneath the icy; more than 30 minutes, people tend to choose other modes of transport. The people who can only take bus due to various reasons will complain. 108 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Therefore, for the social risk aversion caused by operating Harbin cold weather smart transportation system projects, first demonstrated that various types of facilities for smart transportation in the new alpine city improve deficiencies and flaws in current bus operators, strengthen existing bus service to which given a higher rating by residents, really improve human project management and the quality of public transport services, facilitate the city's public travel needs of various groups as far as possible. Meanwhile, in view of the new procurement traffic safety and management equipment, road maintenance and maintenance equipment has a relatively high technological content, therefore, be sure to establish a complete set of equipment and vehicle operation, management, repair and maintenance system, and to establish the appropriate mechanisms response to the special alpine climate to ensure that these support facilities are benign operation in later period.
During the HCWSPTSP operation, social risk aversion measures, especially display in ecological environment risk aversion such as noise, exhaust gas, wastewater and solid wastes; the risk of reservations and reduction associated with traffic operation, such as transport chaos and traffic accident crime; In addition, the human body radiation and others brought by the intelligent information technology equipment also need to be prevented and evade.
Among the five sub-projects covered by this project, bus priority public transport corridors and public transport infrastructure projects are the subprojects mainly operating outside after the completion of the project. According to the construction content of the two subprojects, in the construction （ BC-1 ） of bus priority corridors, to implement "local non-separation", dedicated lanes shall be designed for the slow system, and focus on the roadside greening and slow environmental optimization. This not only helps reduce bodily harm to pedestrians caused by vehicle exhaust, irregular whistle, etc., but also facilitate urban sanitation sector to set up a
109 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System targeted set of noise isolation facilities, automobile exhaust purification device and garbage bins in the motor vehicle lanes and slow track.
According to the main components and sources of pollutants, the air pollution risk aversion, during the operation after completion of the project, on the one hand to strengthen road management and road maintenance, keep the roads good operating condition, reduce vehicle exhaust emissions; on the other hand, strictly implement national emissions standards to strengthen law enforcement efforts of vehicle administration to reduce exhaust emissions. Transport vehicles easy to produce dust also need to cover tarp to prevent contamination flying spilled during the transportation.
Finally, risk aversion measures of solid waste during the operation mainly relying on the existing road transport sector, the urban management department and sanitation department of Harbin City, solid waste generated by maintenance personnel and travelers is primarily domestic waste, these wastes can conveniently sent to municipal waste landfill sites.
7. The Sustainability Analysis of the Project
The sustainability analysis of the project is concerned about the overall analysis of the project’s lifecycle. The content is as follow: Whether the effects of the project can continue to play, what conditions this project need, whether the beneficiaries of the project are able to continue to bear the cost of the project and whether there are potential beneficiaries to prevent the construction and operation of the project.
7.1. The Sustainability Analysis of the Social Benefit
Social effect is the value of the project. From the perspective of the social benefit of project, HCWSPTSP is an urban transportation infrastructure projects. As one of the people's livelihood engineering, its social benefits are obvious. In the project preparation phase, the social assessment team has
110 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System respectively carries on the discussion and interview with the elderly group organized by Harbin city Aging Committee, women group arranged by Harbin city Women's Federation, disabled group settled by Harbin city Disabled Federation, urban low-income groups coordinated by Harbin city Civil Affairs Bureau, and leaders of middle school and primary school grouped by Harbin city Education Bureau. These social groups generally have an optimistic and supportive attitude to the project’s operation prospect; they also actively put forward the optimized proposals for the potential social risks of the project.
The social benefit of the project should be based on the existence of the project. The social benefit of the project plays a necessary condition for the sustainable social effects: the beneficiaries have an incentive to ensure the operation of the project and the losers of the project will not block the implementation of the project. From the point of project construction content, the sustainability analyses of the social benefit are as follow Table 7-1:
Table 7-1 The Sustainability Analysis of the Social Benefit
Categories Beneficiaries Losers
Bus priority public Direct beneficiaries are all Losers are mainly the transport corridor kinds of people along the households influenced project corridor. As long as the project by temporary area. can improve the transportation Since these effects are infrastructure along the road, in a short period of time, beneficiaries will actively disappearing after the support project operation. project, on the basis of full coordination, these losers will don't hinder the smooth implementation of the project.
111 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Public transport Beneficiaries are all kinds of Losers are mainly the infrastructure people in the region where households influenced project infrastructure is. As long as the by temporary area. project quality can be Because the guaranteed, beneficiaries will construction scope of actively support project the sub-project is operation. narrow, the disturbance degree is low to the surrounding residents, and the social benefits; these losers will don't hinder the smooth implementation of the project.
Traffic The city traffic management Losers are mainly the management and departments and their staffs, traffic management safety and urban traffic participants equipment operators construction will benefit. The improvement and the groups who find projects of the traffic will make them it is difficult to accept actively support project new transport facilities. operation. Necessary protective equipment and the conduct propaganda of knowledge of traffic are the main ways to reduce the damage.
Road The residents along the roads Losers are mainly the maintenance and of the city will be will directly road maintenance and emergency benefit. The quality of the emergency personnel 112 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System response project project implementation directly who are affected by the decides the degree of support potential occupational of the travel groups for the disease. Necessary project operation protective equipment is the main way to reduce the damage.
Institutional Direct beneficiaries are mainly No losers capacity building the operational management projects institutions and the trainees of each subproject. On-site interview shows that they are very supportive of the initiation of the project.
Specific to the social benefits of the harbin cold weather smart transport system project in the foreseeable period, the implementation of the project will make the road network structure of transportation system more perfect and let the bus travel more convenient and comfortable. On the other hand, it is beneficial to increase urban residents’ travel range, reduce time costs of travelling, improve traffic safety, and reduce the loss of life and property due to traffic accident. To achieve “pedestrian + bike + public transport,” the main urban green is transported by vigorously developing public transportation. In this kind of mode of transport, the energy consumption of walking and travelling by bike is zero. However, when we take a bus, per person per kilometer energy consumption is much lower than that of cars. If the bus energy consumption is 1, than the car's energy consumption is 8.1. The energy consumption of subway, light railway and other means of transport see Table 7-2.
Table 7-2 All Kinds of Transportation Energy Consumption
113 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Transport Energy Transport Energy categories consumption per categories consumption per kilometer per kilometer per person person
Car 8.1 Subway 0.5
Motorcycle 5.6 Light railway 0.45
Bus (cycling) 1 Tram 0.4
Bus (exclusive 0.8 Bicycle 0 way)
Generally speaking, the project implementation will promote the tourist industry, trade, market, living, traffic, atmospheric environment and other aspects into a new step. These have an important reference and demonstration effect for the development and construction of other cities of Heilongjiang province.
7.2. The Sustainability Analysis of the finance
The HCWSPTSP contains five subprojects: bus priority public transport corridor project, public transportation infrastructure project, traffic management and safety construction project, road maintenance and emergency response project, and institutional capacity building project. The total investment of the project is 1.45 billion and it intends to apply for the World Bank loan of $100 million (about 650 million yuan). The rest of the money is from local government and the domestic counterpart fund comes from the local self-financing, including financial investment, subsidy funds, the urban supporting fees, and land transfer fund. Capital budget of each subproject see the Table 7-3:
Table 7-3 Capital Budget of Each Subproject
114 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Content Sequence Project name Budget (ten Subtotal (ten project number thousand thousand yuan) yuan)
Bus priority BC-1 Bus priority 37,845 47,065 public corridors transport construction of corridor project 25.23 km
BC-2 Intelligent 9,220 public transport corridor construction
Public BI-1 Public 44,662 73,486 transportation transport infrastructure infrastructure project, BI-2 Bus 10,000 procurement
BI-3 Public 18,824 transport intelligent construction
Traffic BRS-1 Bus priority and 1,876 8,936 management road safety and safety signal control construction system project BRS-2 Bus priority, 3,119 road safety monitoring and
115 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
law enforcement system
BRS-3 Bus priority and 3,941 road safety scheduling command center system
Road BRM-1 Bus priority 1,800 10,349 maintenance road and and geographic emergency information response management project, system
BRM-2 Bus priority 3,840 road maintenance equipment purchase
BRM-3 Traffic safety 4,709 special purchases of motor vehicles
Institutional CB-1 Urban traffic 100 capacity construction building project project financing and
116 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
improving public transport strategy research
CB-2 Alpine city 100 integrated emergency management strategy research
CB-3 Transportation 1,394 and safety management personnel training
CB-4 Institutional 2,440 capacity to strengthen
CB-5 Domestic and 1,130 international research and training
Total Selected fund 145,000 projects
In functional classification of project investment, the fund loaned by World Bank is mainly used for project construction, equipment procurement and technical assistance associated with the HCWSPTSP. Local government
117 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System matching funds are mainly used for the related land cost, survey design and supervision and other service cost, institutional capacity building and staff training cost and project reserve funds, etc.
7.3. The Sustainability Analysis of the Technologies and Organizations
Through learning and reference the construction and operation of the similar projects of the domestic developed cities, combining their own municipal engineering construction experience, the technical sustainability of the HCWSPTSP can be guaranteed.
The managerial personnel of all institutions are the direct responsible persons in ensuring the smooth implementation of the project, therefore it is necessary to carry out the management personnel training, let them be familiar with the project, and skillfully guidance and implement project, and to a certain extent, strengthen institutional capacity building. The Management and operation of each subproject of HCWSPTSP is the relatively independent departments’ responsibility, the Development and Reform Commission and Harbin Municipal Transportion Bureau., are responsible for coordinating. Specifically, as a project legal person unit, the Harbin Harbin Municipal Transportion Bureau is mainly responsible for putting forward suggestions on organization setup and responsibility division. It also should cooperate to prepare the project feasibility study report, organize and coordinate docking with the World Bank, complete learning investigation, cooperate with the World Bank experts’ appraisal work, complete the project environmental impact assessment report, project's environmental management plan report, land requisition, migration and relocation report, public participation report, and energy conservation assessment report and approval, cooperate with Finance Bureau to handle the project capital and domestic capital source documents, complete financial payment and management manual and other examination and approval work, etc. As the main project implementation unit, Harbin
118 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Transportation Bureau has done the following: Set up the mechanism in internal by reference to the PMO; According to the subprojects working content, set specialized personnel for putting forward the function and design requirements, required equipment specifications and standards, and providing subprojects procurement plan and implementation plan; Participate in subprojects involving the relevant departments of the coordination; Take charge of the demolition work, demolition disputes and petition work in the process of project implementation; Deal with planning, land, fire-fighting, safety, quality supervision, construction permits and other formalities of the subprojects; Be responsible for quality control, progress control, and safety control of the subprojects by regularly reporting the work progress; Participate in the bidding and procurement work; Complete the project budget and engineering progress payment arrange declare work; Monitor the subprojects’ supervision; Assist PMO in financial management and complete accounting information in order to achieve the World Bank loan. The rest of the project units, according to their respective functions, cooperate to complete related work. Generally speaking, Harbin has ensured the institutional capacity for the World Bank project's smooth construction.
In order to do well the follow-up management and operation work of the city traffic after the completion of the project work, in terms of the establishment of the content of the project, Harbin World Bank-financed project leading group has also established the following capacity building initiatives for project managers and project leadership to ensure project supervision and department coordination orderly. Details are as follow: Urban traffic construction project financing and improving public transport strategy research （CB-1）, alpine city integrated emergency management strategy research （CB-2）, transportation and safety management personnel training （ CB-3 ） , institutional capacity to strengthen （ CB-4 ） , domestic and international research and training （CB-5）. The cost is about 51.64 million
119 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System yuan. Therefore, generally speaking, the project organization sustainability is also fully guaranteed.
7.4. The Sustainability Analysis of the Economy
Beneficiaries' ability to pay and willingness to pay are two important factors for the sustainability of the project. Although the residents' willingness to pay is changing according to the quality of the service, but the economic ability of a region is also an important factor, which can measure the affordability of the residents.
According to the statistical results, 88.4% of citizens think the fares are reasonable, 9.0% of citizens think the fares are too high, especially when the air-conditioned fare is 2 yuan.
At the same time, from 2010 to 2012, the Harbin city issuances of bus fuel subsidies are as the following: In 2010, bus fuel subsidies are 136,956,317 yuan. In 2011, that is 482,335,386 yuan. In 2012, that will increase to 590,477,778 yuan. After the intelligent transportation system construction project is completed and be put into operation, fuel subsidies and other kinds of subsidies and tax breaks for the "bus first" will further increase or be tried. So from the aspects of government financial support and policy guarantee, this project also has certain feasibility in economic sustainability. Finally, according to Harbin bus support policy for the elderly, the disabled veterans and other vulnerable groups, from 2010 to 2012, Harbin city should grant 87313 free bus cards to the elderly over the age of 70, which will effectively protect the riding interests of urban elderly vulnerable groups. From this perspective, the project’s economic sustainability is also guaranteed.
120 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
8. Planning and Implementation of Social Management
8.1. Social Management Plan of the Project
The design should minimize the scale of the land acquisition that the project involved in, environmental pollution problems caused by construction and traffic safety issues; reduce the negative impact of the project through public participation and listening to public opinion, so it is necessary to formulate a social management plan for the project.
8.1.1 Develop Resettlement policy framework
This project does not need to acquisition collective land. The land where terminals and hub stations to be used are all of state owned property. Project unit has optimized and reduced the unnecessary land acquisition and resettlement in the previous work as much as possible. But there still have some potential some sporadic demolitions or displacement of trees, poles ect. According to World Bank policy; this project should prepare a project resettlement policy framework to cover these potential resettlement issue.
8.1.2 Social Impact Mitigation Plan of the Project during Construction
8.1.2.1. Traffic Congestion Caused by Construction of Bus Station and Other Projects
a) Segmented construction, to avoid spread across the board, which may result in a large area of blockage;
b) Blocked construction should set aside the opening in a certain distance, especially in heavy traffic junctions; the opening should be larger;
c) The barrier of construction team should try to occupy as little space, and reserve a certain space for transportation;
d) Once a section of the construction is completed, the site should be cleaned up immediately, the barrier and restore traffic should be removed;
121 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
e) Strengthen information dissemination, release Traffic Guide timely.
8.1.2.2. Inconvenience of Enterprises and Shops’ Production and Operations Caused by the
Barrier of Construction
a) Reasonably arrange each road construction, try to control the construction period;
b) Under the premise of ensuring safety, do not use barriers if possible, once construction is completed, remove the barriers immediately;
c) In the traffic junctions where there is enterprise outlet for the cargo, reserve appropriate space vehicle to facilitate business travel;
d) Allows companies indicate information of businesses and shops on the wall of barriers.
8.1.2.3. Construction of Water, Electricity, Gas, Pipeline Sabotage Network
a) Construction team shall master arrangement of various pipelines before construction to avoid blind construction;
b) Construction team shall enhance the safety of staff education, overcoming brutal construction behavior;
c) For unavoidable circumstances for pipeline relocation and resettlement, issued early advance notice to admit the public take all the preparatory.
d) Construction team shall arrange special personnel responsible for liaison with the host community committees, release information, listen to community residents’ report, run immediate crisis management once there is signs of the pipeline damage, and avoid magnification of crisis.
8.1.2.4. Noise Pollution on Surrounding Environment Generated by the Construction
a) Blocks construction section as possible, repair retaining wall around 122 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
timely after damage;
b) Strengthen the management of construction site, place construction materials neatly, clean up garbage promptly;
c) Cover the bare dirt or timely liquidation;
d) During the construction process, try to take processes and technologies, which can control the generation of high-decibel noise;
e) Prohibiting noisy construction work (before 8:00 A.M. and after 9:00 P.M.);
f) Constructing temporary noise walls and taking other measures to mitigate the impact on the surrounding residents
g) Adequate compensation of surrounding residents who are suffering serious noise disturbance;
h) Monitoring harmful gases generated in the construction and operation, strictly use environmentally friendly building materials and construction techniques.
8.1.2.5. The Destruction of Transportation Security Risks Caused by Construction Facilities
a) Retaining wall should be solid and reliable, timely repair once damaged;
b) If the construction hinders the roadway or danger to sidewalk, should arrange specialized personnel on-site command and management;
c) Timely establish warning signs in the event of road damage or other hidden dangers places.
8.1.3 Social Impact Mitigation Plan during Operation of the Project
a) The safety of residents nearby the bus terminals may have been affected by the operation of buses shall pay attention to the distance between 123 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
bus lane and sidewalk.
b) The rest of residents nearby the bus terminals may have been affected by the noise of the operation of buses, shall pay attention to the morning departure time and night time admission.
c) Security issues of bus passengers getting off the platform, especially the security issues during the operation in the winter.
d) Bus station and walkways should be non-slip surface designed.
8.1.4 Developing Traffic Safety Management Plan
a) During the whole process of the project, increase education efforts for improving public awareness of road safety
b) During construction, the city traffic police team shall strengthen cooperation with public transport Limited, to detect the impact of traffic safety and congestion that may happen due to the project.
c) Set clear signs traffic alerts and tips in construction process, carry out traffic control for large-scale construction.
d) Increase penalties of urban public traffic violation
8.1.5 Vulnerable Groups (Old and Sick Pregnant, etc.) Care Plans
8.1.5.1. Vulnerable Groups Fare Reduction Plan
After completion of the project, fare will affect some disadvantaged groups’ travel and increase their travel costs. Although the level of the increase is not too large, the majority of urban residents can afford, it will bring some of the burden to vulnerable groups in the project area. To alleviate the burden of their lives, enabling them to enjoy the project's social benefits fairly, relevant government departments shall support policies and formulate preferential scheme as soon as possible according to the actual situation of vulnerable
124 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System groups.
8.1.5.2. Facility Care for Vulnerable Groups
a) All Bus stops should have access facilities for the elderly, children and disabled access;
b) Establishment seats for old and sick pregnant in public transportation vehicle;
c) During the driving process of buses, regular prompt passengers to give seat old and sick pregnant;
d) To meet the special needs of passengers, handrails inside should be set with high and low;
e) Design the stations and bus, consider the up and down convenience of elderly, infants, people with disabilities carts;
f) In the process of bus motion, strengthen the voice prompts, not only to report about the name of reaching station, but also the direction of travel destinations, transfer information, etc., also should timely remind the convenience of passengers, especially a timely reminder for vulnerable groups to get off and transfer.
8.1.6 Stakeholder participation plan
8.1.6.1. Principles and Framework for Participation
World Bank in its participation manual defines participation as “this is a process, project stakeholders through its influence, joint control involves the development of their involvement, the development of decision-making and related resources.” This definition avoids the major stakeholders in the development process who are simply treated as passive recipients of aid, interview subjects or labor, and to clear that the implemented projects of World
125 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Bank should be a process that stimulating major interest groups, influencing and controlling the development of actions. The implementation of this process requires the entire country's economy and its relevant departments to consider a wider range of stakeholders; ensure that all stakeholder groups and their relationships can be identified, and in all phases of the project to be considered, let the poor be more accessible to resources, especially financial resources; and strengthen key stakeholders and their organizations’ ability to manage. Table 8-1 summarizes the main principles and framework for involved stakeholders.
Table 8-1 framework and principles of community participating in the project
The role of key The role of The role of No. Steps Effects stakeholder government expert groups
Help key stakeholde Analysis of r groups the family, Analysis of analyze Can society, Administrativ the problem problems accurately resources e, political 1 and and guide find the and other and financial establishme them to real issues, the support nt of theme find out the problem causes of cause of problems the problem
Put forward Based on their own the The Study on needs, analysis of content of whether compared the project is Content and government the problem linked to framework can support 2 relationship proposed the actual of the proposal put between the to the needs of project forward by cause of governmen key major problems t and key stakehold stakeholders and their stakeholde er groups own needs, rs the in order to views on
126 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
The role of key The role of The role of No. Steps Effects stakeholder government expert groups
establish a the framework technical to solve the feasibility problem of
According to family labor, gender Program division of activities labor, and should be other Examination Together consistent socio-econo of the with key with the mic relationship stakeholde main characteristi between key rs to production 3 Project Plan cs of the stakeholder develop season season, groups and plans, stakehold establish government early er groups, project funding warning labor activity programs plan allocation intends and and determine capital the position responsible persons
Establishing implementin g organization al system to Beneficiar elect the Providing Implementat y groups person in conditions for Technical 4 ion of the responsibl charge of implementati Support project e for their the activities on own and implementat ion of project activities
127 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
The role of key The role of The role of No. Steps Effects stakeholder government expert groups
Project Analysis of implementat monitoring Beneficiar ion and y groups monitoring evaluation Involved in keeps Monitoring their results and monitoring abreast of 5 and activities report to and the evaluation and the evaluation progress organizing governmen of their regular t and major activities assessment stakeholde of progress r groups
Involved in Involved in Evaluate the assessing Evaluate their own assessment the by the input and process, Final project effectivene beneficiar 6 the ultimate review the evaluation ss of the y whether effectivenes effectiveness review of they are s of external of technical benefited support government inputs investment
Decision Roles Role Guarantor Supporter performer Unified
8.1.6.2. Necessity of Participation
During the period of the project design, implementation and monitoring of management, in order to ensure various types of project beneficiaries timely get project-related information, and have equal opportunity put forward their own proposals and comments for the corresponding questions, but also to facilitate the project implementation units and supervise management agencies to grasp the dynamic implementation of the project and to make a scientific decision-making based on the actual situation. Therefore need to:
a. Keep the openness of project information; the project needs to carry out
128 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
propaganda work throughout the project cycle. Establish regular project information disclosure system, on a regular basis post the information which closely related to major stakeholder groups and the information they are particularly concerned about project in the public spaces of affected communities. In addition, it can also inform key stakeholders the preparation and implementation status of the project through group meetings, congress, posters, television, radio and other means.
b. Help primary stakeholders build the project consciousness. Training can be carried into the following categories: a) carry out participatory training for primary stakeholders of the project and guide them to take the initiative to carry out thinking about the social and public transport development; b) carry out the relevant knowledge training, and guide primary stakeholders think about the impact of public transport to itself, to support public transportation construction; c) carry out technical training of the project, eliminating primary stakeholders’ concerns about the project.
c. Encourage key stakeholder groups to participate in project construction, give priority to hire them for the project paid labor and allow them to provide logistical services for project construction.
d. Concern about the role of community leaders and the strength of community in the project implementation process. Project needs the involvement of community leaders in advocacy, training, mobilization, reflecting the needs of the public and found problems in project implementation, coordination conflicts, follow-up management and other aspects.
8.1.6.3. Participation Goals
Around the public participation activities launched in project of City Public Transport in Harbin, goals that expected to achieve are:
a. During the stages of preparation and design in the project, in flexible
129 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System and diverse ways, publish information about projects to various stakeholders groups involved in the project, to solicit Harbin public of different sexes, different ages, different classes, different travel modes advice and suggestions on alignments, site settings, bus terminals design, traffic organization, construction management, compensation and rehabilitation of affected residents and enterprises.
b. Analyse and summarize the collected relevant information, provided to the project owner and design department and other relevant departments to optimize project design and project implementation and management, and open to the public the various optimization measures through continuous public participation and information communication to achieve optimization of project preparation and design.
c. In the construction process of the project, through participatory public participation, dynamic collecting various stakeholder groups’ complaining, comments and suggestions, identify potential problems during the implementation stage, to seek a reasonable solution to the problem, ensure the smooth implementation of the project construction to achieve the maximization of the project’s social value.
8.1.6.4. Ways and Means of Participating Organizations
a. Using Various Media to Release the Information of Public Participation
Publishing information related to public transport projects and soliciting public opinions on "Life Daily", Harbin Harbor, Harbin television, radio and other traditional and modern media, which has larger circulation and a broader coverage. The part of the open information as follows:
April 2, 2013, EIA was published in the official website of Harbin Transport Bureau;
May 6, 2013, Chinanews Website, Harbin started the construction of 130 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
smart public transportation system project, which borrowed 100 million US dollars from World Bank;
May, 15, 2013, Transport Bureau website of Heilongjiang province, World Bank experts group came to Harbin to conduct the inspection of preparation of cold weather smart public transportation system project;
May, 16, 2013, Xinhua Net, World Bank experts group came to Harbin to conduct the inspection of preparation of cold weather smart public transportation system project;
May, 16, 2013, Harbin TV, 100 million US dollars loan support the public transportation construction project;
May, 17, 2013, Sina Net, Harbin City promoted the construction of junction station in the cold weather zone;
August, 6 to 8, 2013, Baidu, People Net, Fenghuang Net, Heilongjiang News Net, Heilongjiang Daily, experts group of World Bank review HCWSPTSP .
b. Issued Open Letters and Other Promotional Materials
Distributing promotional materials within the scope of the impact and public transport services and convey information of bulletin content through illustrations way. Issued leaflets mainly in the area where has high pedestrian flow or key community and units.
c. Interviews of Focus Group
According to the preliminary design of public transportation programs in Harbin, plans for residents and staff in the area of involving bus stations and bus terminals, organizing focus group interviews covering the entire community. Interviewees include general community residents, also the enterprises and institutions are covered, and elderly, women, persons with disabilities and other special populations shall have an appropriate proportion 131 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System in the interview object.
d. Structured Questionnaire
For the characteristics of preparation and design phase in the project, design the structural questionnaire, have a comprehensive understanding of the known situation for public transport projects in project area, seek the views and recommendations on project trends, site location, bus fares, safety facilities and other related content.500 copies of the survey sample, selected in three evenly along the line.
e. Seminars and Individual Interviews
According to the content of public participation activities, organize 12 various forms of seminars and individual interviews for individuals to gather information.
8.1.6.5. Public Participation and Information Disclosure Implementation Plan
During 2013 March-April, public participation activities of Public Transport project in Harbin launched, and used various ways and means of facilitating adequate information disclosure to encourage public participation. Accordance with the arrangements of "public participation in the implementation of activities outline", activities were orderly conducted. The public participation activities have been carried out can be found in 8.1.1 to 8.1.6.
In the following process of project preparation and implementation, the PMO and the project masses are on an equal footing, public project information, negotiated project with masses equally. The most important project stakeholders are the masses of ordinary project area, and for these ordinary people, empowerment, openness and equally dialogue with them, is the premise to ensure their ability to learn the project information and actively participate in the project. To ensure that the recommendations and actions of various stakeholders can be integrated into the project, the PMO took a 132 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
different way of informing and collecting information aim at different stakeholders and compiled the Public Participation Plan.
8.1.7 Early involvement of relevant government departments
The stakeholder groups relative to other groups, which have the expertise related to transportation projects and long-term management experience. This perspective of professional departments from the government is very important for the project. So for projects, listening to the recommendations of these departments is often able to achieve a multiplier effect. These sectors’ involvement in the program mainly through seminars and literature collecting.
During the agency interviews, SA group staff explained overview and the role of the project to relevant person in charge of the municipal government departments and consulting project proposals likely to give from the perspective of work way and their participation in the project will be one of the key discussions.
Local government departments’ relevant responsible persons, who start from their duties, introduce a great deal of local knowledge that is adapted to work in the local. Task force members get the recommendations of the project from various government departments at the project area, can integrate a good life with the local people and maximize project benefits. These recommendations providing a great help to social assessment work on the project, and were integrated into the relevant sections of this report. In Harbin, under the coordination of urban construction investment group co., LTD, the SA team has held 12 seminars. Symposium summary see attachment 3.
8.1.8 Early Involvement of Traffic Management Bureau
The Traffic Management Bureau in Harbin is not only a government department, but also a project component units and subproject execution unit; the importance of the involvement of Traffic Management Bureau in the project is that, the stakeholders’ proposals can dramatically improve benefit of the 133 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System project for ordinary urban residents, such as traffic safety etc. In addition, the Traffic Management Bureau's participation is divided into two parts. One, provides some information for the preliminary design; Two, assist and organize traffic police to carry out the questionnaire.
8.1.9 Early Participation in the Transport Sector
The Traffic Management Bureau in Harbin is not only a government department, but also project management and implementation project unit; the importance of the involvement of Traffic Management Bureau in the project is that, the stakeholders’ proposals can dramatically improve benefit of the project for ordinary urban residents, such as traffic safety etc. The Traffic Management Bureau has provided large information for the preliminary design and organized the investigation and interview for Transport Sector. Participation of the transport sector includes two parts, project involvement of bus companies and taxi companies’ management and participation in the project of bus drivers and taxi drivers.
Management's participation in the project is suitable for the form of individual interviews. Various functional departments of the company's management, in charge of different aspects of the city public transport, from different management's perspective, make the bus company presents three-dimensional situation to the urban public transport. Such as line operating divisions are more concerned about reasonable setting of bus lines, public transportation efficiency and so on.
In comparison, the driver's perspective is a more bottom, to some extent make up for the lack of management recommendations. The bus and taxi drivers can use combined participation of questionnaires and interviews. The depth interviews can get more detail of the project needs of this group, help SA group members find the problem, and as fully as possible to listen to their opinions and suggestions.
134 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
8.1.10 Early Involvement of Ordinary Urban Residents
Urban residents are the most important one involved in the project stakeholders. All project participants can promote urban social evaluation methods and can be used for this group. To fully provided information and ideas relevant to World Bank projects to urban residents, during the process of outside industry, SA group members use the combination form of participant observation, interviews, seminars and questionnaires.
The SA group members uses the combination form of in-depth interviews, seminars and questionnaires, information conveyed to the part of the residents interviewed, rapidly spread within the community, will be able to mobilize more residents in the project area to participate into the project.
Group members carried out a field survey in the transformation sections, through participatory observation understand the situation of projects area; understand the needs of residents for public transport. Mainly inspected public transportation needs along some of the facilities, such as hospitals, schools, nursing homes and other.
Depth interviews are generally carried out in communities in the project area. Use the idle time of community residents, explain the contents, objectives, ideas of World Bank projects to community residents, ask community residents the local traffic conditions and problems, ask community residents the needs and attitudes to World Bank project, and ask reasons and recommendations from their own point by depth interviews.
Questionnaire can be in the form of text, accurate inform respondents content related to World Bank project, and let the respondents perceive variety of social problems involved in the project. In the process of respondents are being asked, trained investigators explain the overall structure of the questionnaire and the design intent of related questions, asked respondents to, so that respondents understand the attention of World Bank project to traffic
135 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System management, traffic safety and traffic facilities.
Table 8-2 Comprehensive Survey Sample Size Distributions
Number of No. Name of bus corridors Line No. Line ratio samples (copies) 1 Youyi Road Channel 43 51% 253 2 Xinyang Road Channel 6 7% 35 3 Hongqi Street Channel 36 42% 212 Total 85 100% 500
8.1.10.1. Early Participation of Vulnerable Groups
Urban residents Forum is mainly designed for involvement in the project of vulnerable groups, requires members participated in the symposium covering the elderly, women, disadvantaged groups and the disabled. Aimed at understanding the special needs and the views of urban traffic problems of vulnerable groups in the project, based on asking the reason, encourage these groups to voice their suggestions on the implementation of the project. Because the forum is organized and held combine the local Committee on Aging and the CDPF, the person in charge of his department were also involved, brought into government departments and grassroots organizations perspective.
After SA group members equal footing with the stakeholders in the project area, the fundamentals of their public participation for the project are good, most of the people expressed their support for the project and willing to participate in the project. Participatory Social Assessment Project Task Force members also collected the relevant information required for editorials.
136 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
8.1.10.2. Complaints and Appeals
a. The Way of Collecting Dissatisfaction and Complaining
a). Collecting and understanding the problems including the masses complain, progress and work measures, through the report of local public transport and street construction leading group office of resettling.
b). Coordination problems found in inspecting the construction site found by the owners construction unit.
c). Information reflected by external monitoring agency.
d). Letters and visits of affected people.
e). Reflection of owners’ construction unit agency.
b. Procedures of Appeals and Complaints
In planning the process of project’s design and implementation, the participation of immigrants is always encouraged. However, in practice there will be problems more or less, to resolved the problems arise promptly and effectively and to safeguard the smooth progress of construction, in addition to the existing levels of local government petition complaint channels, the project established a transparent and effective grievance redress and developed complaints and complaints procedures of the resettlement demolition for the affected residents.
c. Principles for Handling Complaints and Grievances
Complain about the problem raised by the masses must be field research, fully solicit the opinions of the masses, patiently repeated consultations, put forward opinions objectively and impartially in accordance with national regulations and the principles and of criteria resettlement action plan provides must promptly reflect to the higher authorities about incapable of handling complaints issues, and to help to improve the investigation.
137 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
If the organization in the previous stage did not respond to questions on the appeal in the date specified, the complainant the right to appeal.
The Content and Manner of Complaint Reply:
a) Reply Contents
Descriptions of complainers’ dissatisfaction
Fact-finding results
Relevant state regulations, principles and standards of resettlement action plan
Treatment advice and the specific basis
b) The way of Answering Complaints
The way of directly sent to those who complain complaints in written materials for individual phenomena question.
Inform residents in the village or community in the form of village (residents) meeting or issue a document for the complaining problem reflecting by more people.
No matter which kind of Answer mode, all information must be delivered to the communities or units that the complainant belongs to.
Appeals and Complaints Records and Tracking Feedback
During the period that the project’s designing plan is executing, monitoring team should do a good job of registration of information and complaint and information processing results management in collaboration with various departments, regular Inscribed to resettlement office in written form. Project resettlement office will regular inspect the process of complain registration.
To have a complete record of the handling situation of related issues and complaint of affected population, project management office developed a
138 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
registration form of the affected population’s complaints and grievances
Table 8-3 Complaints and Appeals Registration Form of World Bank Loan Project
Receiving unit Time Location
Actual Name of The Proposed Required solution handling complainant complaint solutions situation
Complainant Recorder
(Signed) (Signed)
Note: a. Records should accurately record the claimant's allegations content and requirements; b. There should not be any interference and obstacles in the appeals process; c. The proposed solution should reply complainant within the stipulated time.
In addition, the complaints and complaints channels should be released to the project-affected people, and before the implementation of resettlement, public propaganda materials need to be sent to each affected household, enterprises or stores.
8.2. Implementation of Social Management Plan
8.2.1 Institutional Arrangements and Capacity Building
The main responsibility of implementing social management plan is project owners. According to the social management plan implementation requires and combine the functions division of project-related institutions, project owners can own or entrust relevant agencies all or partly responsible
139 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System for implementing the project of social management plan.
A．Institutional Arrangements
Social management agencies about the project include:
1. Construction project leadership team of HCWSPTSP loaned by World Bank
2. Construction project management office of HCWSPTSP loaned by World Bank
3.Harbin Tranport Agency
4.The relevant government agencies in Harbin, (such as the HMDRC, the traffic police team, the Land Bureau, Construction Bureau, etc.)
5.District government and streets along Harbin
6.Project Monitoring and Evaluation Unit
B．Institutional Responsibilities
Construction project leadership team of HCWSPTSP loaned by World Bank: responsible for the entire project leadership and coordination of social management.
Construction project management office of HCWSPTSP loaned by World Bank
: implementing social management and capacity building training accordance with the requirements of the World Bank.
The relevant government agencies in Harbin, (such as the NDRC, the traffic police team, the Land Bureau, Construction Bureau, etc.): responsible for project specific social management plan implementation and monitoring of the Bank's policies and conduct training.
140 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Harbin Tranport Agency: responsible for concrete implementation of social management plan and organizing training in terms of WB related policy.
District government and streets along Harbin: carry out social management with the project, and conduct training for the relevant policies of World Bank.
Project Monitoring and Evaluation Unit: investigation and assessment of the social management plan implementation of the project, proposing issues and recommendations to the Provincial Project Office and the World Bank to submit monitoring and evaluation reports.
C．Institutional Arrangements and Capacity Building
According to the survey, institutional capacity, working conditions and equipment configuration of the project is more complete, professional staff’s quality level is high; they have preparation for similar project, construction and operation of the national experience. Give the project belongs to the World Bank loan project, the relevant personnel need to be familiarity with the mode of operation for World Bank projects, especially in relation to social and security requirements and adequately compare with domestic experience, so they need further study and training for relevant business policy requirements. Table 8-4 Training Program.
Table 8-4 Institutional social management capabilities and business training
No. The training content Training object
Construction project management office of
World Bank social HCWSPTSP, each subproject office, Land 1 and security policy Bureau, Environmental Protection Bureau, district government and streets
The related content Construction project management office of 2 about the project social management HCWSPTSP, each subproject office, Land
141 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
No. The training content Training object
plan Bureau, Environmental Protection Bureau, district government and streets
Construction project management office of HCWSPTSP, each subproject office, Land 3 Other related training Bureau, Environmental Protection Bureau, district government and streets
8.2.2 Implementation Plan
According to the social management plan of the project, the project develops a detailed implementation plan and arrangements, see Table 8-5
Table 8-5 Social Management Implementation Plan of the Project
Implementation No. Contents Primary responsibility institutional time Construction project management Optimize the 1 2014 ~2016 office of HCWSPTSP, design project design units, each subproject office Construction project management Implementatio office of HCWSPTSP, each n of social sub-project office, Land Bureau, 2 development 2014 ~2016 Land Acquisition and plan and Resettlement Office, the relevant resettlement streets and communities Implementatio Construction project management n of office of HCWSPTSP, each 3 Environmental 2014 ~2016 subproject Office, the Municipal Management Environmental Protection Bureau Plan
Fee waiver Municipal Development and program Reform Commission and the implementatio After completion Finance Bureau, the District 4 n associated of the project Finance Bureau, the Municipal with vulnerable Civil Affairs Bureau, Municipal groups Committee on Ageing, City CDPF, Welfare Centre, the city bus 142 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Implementation No. Contents Primary responsibility institutional time company Information Construction project management disclosure and The entire 5 office of HCWSPTSP, each public process subproject office / the news media participation
Monitoring and Once a year in Construction project management Evaluation of the project office of HCWSPTSP, each 6 Social implementation subproject office, monitoring Management period bodies Plan
8.2.3 Emergency Plans
Emergency plans has been established under the “Environmental Protection Law”, “Production Safety Law”, “national general public emergency contingency plans” and “national contingency plans for sudden environmental accidents” and relevant laws, and administrative regulations.
The Emergency Plan is divided into three categories:
a. Construction emergencies. Traffic congestion caused by the barrier of construction will bring inconvenience to production and operation of business enterprises and shops along the construction; sabotage of water, electricity, gas, pipeline network, construction generated environment and noise pollution on the surrounding, security risks caused by the destruction of transportation facilities, construction is also possible to generate labor safety and other issues. These events are likely to evolve into emergencies, should be considered to reduce the economic losses caused by the barrier of construction, try to develop traffic diverting programs by traffic police departments, and in conjunction with the municipal departments to understand all kinds of pipelines well, and construct strictly following norms. Also, public information, informed the public in advance.
b. Emergencies caused by the uncooperative of interest groups during the 143 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
construction period. The projects involves some land acquisition and resettlement, some residents, shops, enterprises and institutions are affected, some residents require relocation and become involuntary resettlement, which not only seriously affect their working lives, destruct their social support networks and social networks, but also some even severely affect their children to school, medical care and work trips. For their resettlement compensation, relocation standards often differ with resettlement requirements, which are likely to become emergencies, uncooperative to the construction of the project, and boycott the project. In addition, there are also local governments delay payment of compensation payments in various ways, and even reduce the compensation standards, which can easily lead to unexpected events. For such an event, resettlement implementation unit should strictly develop specific policies and implement procedures in accordance with the “Design Report” and “Resettlement Action Plan” requirements to prevent such incidents.
c. The operational emergency. The operation of the end of the first field bus and hub station may affect the rest of the nearby residents, the construction of bay docking station may encroach the sidewalk and other potential safety accidents and so on. These are likely to cause emergencies, should carried out a variety of plans from a technical and management aspects to guard against possible risks.
144 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
9. Monitoring and Evaluation Implementation of Social
Management Plan
In order to measure the success of the implementation of this project, that needs to access to relevant implementation information of social management plan sufficiently and timely. Develop publicly verifiable monitoring and evaluation procedures, develop monitoring and evaluation indicators to measure the social impact of the actual project; assessment projects to meet the needs of the target group; ensure the establishment of monitoring and evaluation procedures of various negative impact mitigation options. Timely develop adjustment programs to remove barriers to the achievement of the project’s social objective.
9.1. Monitoring Agencies
Monitoring and evaluation of Social Management Plan shall be implemented by the third party (organization or person) commitment entrusted by the project units which have the social evaluation appropriate qualifications, experience and ability independent to the project construction, design, approval, construction, management and other institutional stakeholders.
In Harbin, Leading Group of World Bank Project will engage an independent monitoring agency to carry out an external monitor for the implement of social management plans. Independent monitoring and evaluation unit periodically carry out tracking monitoring and evaluation activities for the implementation of social management plan, advice and submit monitoring and evaluation reports to the leading group of municipal public transport and the World Bank.
Monitoring agency of social management in the project is a highly qualified organization, the group composed of staff of WB, ADB senior expert in social monitoring.
145 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
9.2. Monitoring Steps and Content
9.2.1 Monitoring Steps
The monitoring unit analyses and assess the social impact of the actual project and the extent to meet the needs of target groups based on the findings of tracking and monitoring; focusing on tracking various implementation that mitigating or have negatively affect on the program, timely submission measures to remove barriers to achieve social objectives of the project, if necessary, proposed adjustment programs; identify and analyze the existing social problems and social risks during the implementation process in the project, and propose corrective measures and improvement suggestions. Main work steps are as follows:
A．Establish work plan for monitoring and evaluation;
B．Establish survey outline, survey forms, questionnaires and interviews Commitments
C．Sampling program, program design for interviewing stakeholders;
D．Baseline survey to determine the base value of the core indicators for monitoring
E．Establish a monitoring and evaluation information system, which will involve social management plans for different types of data classification to establish a database for analyzing and follow-up monitoring to provide computer-aided;
F．Monitoring and evaluation surveys;
G．Writing monitoring and assessment report
9.2.2 Monitoring contents
a. According to the social management plan to determine the social monitoring and evaluation indicators, tracking and monitoring and evaluation
146 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
the social management plan for the implementation;
b. Based on the survey results of tracking and monitoring, analyse and evaluate social impact that the projects actually produce assess the level of the project meets the needs of the target group;
c. Focus on tracking various implementation of the program which have negatively affect on the project, timely propose measures to remove barriers to achieve social objectives of the project, if necessary, propose adjustment programs;
d. Identify and analyse existing social problems and social risk during the implementation process of the project, and propose corrective measures and improvement suggestions.
9.3. Indicator System
Monitoring indicator system is built mainly around social diversity and gender, systems, rules and behavior, public participation, stakeholder analysis, social risk, and several other aspects.
Table 9-1 Monitoring Indicators Constitute Little Table
Indicator System Monitoring contents
Different groups (including men and women)
Social diversity and have different status, role and development in gender social development of the project's；Analysis the 、 1 Women and children changes that may occur of these groups’ social 、 2 national minority status affected by the project, their interaction with 、 3 Poor population other groups, as well as these groups’ effect and opportunities for development.
System, rules and behavior Analysis project-related organization system, 1.Formal system rules and members, including forms of social
147 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
2.Informal system organization and social relations, formal and 3.Customs and behavior informal institutions, formal and informal rules convention, customs and behavior between different groups, as well as rules and behavior of those institutions that may have an impact on the achievement of project objectives.
From the looks of public participation, analysis the degree of stakeholders involved in the project affected by the project, including the results generated by participating in project preparation, Public Participation decision-making, construction, operation 1.Participation program management, and sharing the project and the 2.Participatory approach opportunities created by the project, and should 3.Participation procedures give particular attention to the extent and 4.Participation in the possibility of vulnerable groups’ participation. Then feedback study existing participatory approach; establish 5.Participation of special framework for participation including the groups information-sharing mechanisms, consultative mechanisms and participation mechanisms to develop participation plans to improve the effectiveness of stakeholder participation.
Analysis individuals or groups affected by the Stakeholders project or affecting the project. Not only to analyze 1.Beneficiaries the extent of the actual impact of different 2.Damaged stakeholders individuals or groups in the project, but also 3.Both benefit and losers analyze their influence on the project, assess their 4.Other stakeholders role in achieving the project development 5.Vulnerable groups objectives. On this basis, proposed the recommendations of establish the mechanisms 148 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
that promoting various stakeholders to mutual cooperating and involved in the project and the established monitoring indicators of the various stakeholders.
Identify all possible risks, to develop Social risk management measures to cope with risks. On risk 1.Compensation for expropriation risk analysis, usually pay attention to five risks, 2.Risk of ethnic and including vulnerability risk, country risk, political religious affairs and economic risks, and institutional and external 3.Other risks of the risks. Risk analysis should consider the project highlights above-mentioned aspects together.
9.4. Monitoring and Evaluation Report
In the project implementation period (2013 to 2016), annually submit a part of social management plan implementation monitoring and evaluation report.
149 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
10. Conclusions and Suggestions
10.1. Conclusions
10.1.1 The construction of project will promote local sustainable development.
Due to the rapid development of social economy and continuous promotion of urbanization process, the congestion of public transport is increasingly prominent, not only affects residents’ life and livelihood, but also exert negative influence on attract investment. The construction of project not only can improve residents’ living environment and life quality, reduce rate of traffic accidents, save people’s life and property, but also can improve investment environment greatly, and thus playing an active role in promoting sustainable development of local social economy.
10.1.2 Most residents support the construction of the project
According to sampling questionnaire and interviews, it indicates that most residents support the project strongly. The main reason is that residents recognize the project is urban basic livelihood project, and its implementation can benefit all citizens. Therefore, most of them have high expection for the project.
10.1.3 Implementation of the project will be beneficial to the development of vulnerable groups
The project dose not impact vulnerable groups directly, and the HMDRC has indicated that ticket price will not be raised after the project finished. Accordingly, the project will not increase vulnerable groups’ living costs.
By contrast, because the implementation of the project, add voice prompt, electronic station board, improve street lamps on platforms, increase electronic eyes and add supporting facilities, which will exert positive influence on
150 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System improving going out condition of vulnerable groups and the development of work and life.
10.1.4 Public participation policy has been preliminary established
During the early preparation process, the public participation policy has been preliminary established and residents also show their enthusiasm in participating, especially special groups, such as elderly, disabled, low-income population and women, have shown high participation level. According to the project progress, in the next process, there will be more citizens take part in the project actively and effectively.
10.1.5 Projects have little impact on ethnic minorities
No minority areas are within the scope of this project, so this project does not directly affect the ethnic minorities.
10.2. Suggestions
10.2.1 Further strengthen public participation
Public participation activities of the early preparation process of the project have gained some good effects, and social assessment team also has timely reflected the public issues and good suggestions to the feasible unit and PMO three times. In the following process, it is better to make more detailed public participation schedule, open information in time and strive for the most widespread public support. Meanwhile, improve the project management through absorbing public advices and suggestions.
10.2.2 Increase the Transparency of Project Information
The early investigation found that, although open information of the project has achieved good effects, there are still some blind angles and imperfections, part of institutions and public still do not get a clear perspective of the project. Therefore, the SA team suggest to open information through
151 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Internet, television, newspaper and showcase. Introduce the progress of the project, promote the meaning of project and increase residents’ sense of belonging.
10.2.3 Measures and Suggestions to Promote the Anti-poverty
The survey found that the low-income population is most sensitive to fare increases. Hypothetically, a low-income person takes bus twice a day, the expense (1 yuan once, 2 yuan a day) will occupy 16.7% of his (her) monthly income. If the fare were double, then the transportation cost would occupy 33.3% of his (her) monthly income. Thus, we advise government of Harbin City to implement fare reduction policy to the people who below the poverty line.
Nowadays, there are a lot of cities in China have implemented riding preferential policies for the disabled, as well as some cities in Heilongjiang province. But as a provincial capital city of Harbin, there are no riding preferential policies for the disabled (except disability soldier) without consideration of disable type and level of disability. This induces some disabled people of Harbin have a lot of complaints. Because this increase their cost of living invisibly and majority of them live poorer. Objectively, it also affects the development of Harbin as the image of international metropolis. We suggest Harbin city government to consider the difficulties of this group of people, and give them some discount or subsidies gradually according to the type and level of disability.
152 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
10.2.4Recommendations for specific project construction content
After sorting out, the social assessment team set forth 46 suggestions regarding project design and management, which are fed back to feasibility study units and owners units. The specific contents refer to table 10-1. Among these suggestions, there are 25 suggestions have been accepted by management authority, 14 suggestions have been included in the feasibility study report by feasibility study design unit and 7 suggestions are not adopted as reasons in terms of economy, technology, etc.
Table 10-1 Suggestions of project contents and management policy
Content No. Existing problems Suggestions Adoption of Suggestions
Install canopies and stools at station, best Adopted by management authority set up special seats for elderly, week and included in the feasibility study There is no canopy or stool, and it is inconvenient for passages to patient and disabled. And strengthen report wait for bus, especially elderly, week, patient and disabled; maintenance; such as recruiting suitable 1 Though there are stools at several stations, but they are lack of volunteers to maintain order, guide maintenance and cannot be used. passages, help elderly, week patient and disabled wait for bus and guide them get on bus exactly in time.
Cannot be adopted as technology and Surface of some platforms is not smooth, especially in winter. Roads Improve the roads in time, roads near the finance is infeasible; propose to around platform frozen seriously, which may lead to accidents station should be better paved by skid proof increase temporary workers to clean 2 regularly and difficulties for elderly, week patient and disabled to get and insulation material and be able to heat the snows on the platforms, the on bus. partially to prevent frozen in winter. related budget has been included in the feasibility study.
Building three sides semi-closed waiting Adopted by management authority 3 There is no heat preservation, and it is cold to wait for a bus in winter. room, warm house should be established at and plan to adopt the fully-enclosed big stations. style
The platform setting is not reasonable; road signs on both sides do Set station reasonably to make it Adopted by management authority 4 not correspond with each other in some areas. convenient for passages to seek.
Adopted by management authority The locations of station are not reasonable; the distance between Optimize the locations of station; shorten 5 and this will be improved by the two stations is too long, such as the Nanzhi Road. the distance between two stations. condition
Unadopted as systemic problem and Stations technological infeasibility. The project The height of steps of bus body and the roads of station do not The height of steps of bus body and the has improved the situation, but cannot 6 correspond with each other, and the distances are large, which roads of station should remain the same. be addressed completely. The makes it difficult for the elderly and disabled to get on bus. barrier-free way has been included in the feasibility study
Buses for different routes may arrive simultaneously sometime and Recruit volunteers，strength guidance of Adopted by management authority the do not stop at the same place, which may lead to unordered groups station, especially big stations, set different three corridors can solve the problem, 7 and that elderly may easy to fall down, pregnant and leg deformed park area for different routes in big stations which has been included in the person cannot get on bus in time, blind cannot find and get on bus in to make it convenient for elderly, pregnant feasibility study. time. and disabled to get on bus.
Establish voice prompts and require buses Adopted by management authority No voice prompts at station,. Therefore, blind cannot know where to to stop in the fixed point so that make it and intelligent station board of three 8 wait and which bus is coming. convenient for blind, elderly and children to corridors can slove, which has been take bus. included in the feasibility study
Establish guardrails, and let passengers get Terminal station can solve, but the on the bus in order, establish special other stations cannot solve. There is 9 No guardrails and guide bar in line at station, and it is chaotic. channel for elderly, week, patient and no the same question in the corridors disabled. of the project
Standardize the name of bus station. Unify Adopted by management authority. The sign of station is not clear; the name of station is not normative, the usage of road name. Install the The corridors need to solve these place names, company names park names, etc. are mixed up, local electronic map and bus routes enquiry problems, which has been included in 10 people may even make sure where it is; there is no electronic maps system the feasibility study or bus route query system, it is difficult for population from outside to take bus. Establish electronic maps and bus route query system at big stations.
153 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Content No. Existing problems Suggestions Adoption of Suggestions
Install surveillance cameras on the Management authority plans to 11 Some platforms are not safe as there are many thieves near them, platforms and intensify platforms supervise implement
Install street lights on the platform and turn Adopted by management authority 12 The station board cannot be seen in the winter as the dark is early. on them in advance
Buses can turn around and take Extend 102 routes to heater factory of 1 Many routes turn around at the end of 102 route and lead to chaotic. precedence, social vehicles cannot be Dong’an Street. allowed Lines Passages get off at Haxi Station is increasing, but many buses do not Extend routes to Haxi Station and form bus Adopted and increase three or four 2 get there. network. bus routes
3 It is waste that No. 18 route is too short. Extend No. 18 route. Unadopted
Steps are too high getting on and off bus. Standardize the model and standard of Adopted by management authority 1 buses, purchase buses with moderate step It is difficult for elderly and disabled to get on bus. height.
Adopted by management authority. Buses have no air conditioning, and they are very windy, frozen, cold Purchase air-conditioned buses or install 2 Purchase air-conditioned buses has and slippery in winter. thermal facilities inbuses been approved.
Bus handrails are not suitable for disabled; several rods are too high Purchase buses with reasonable handrails This problem can be solved by 3 for general people. and rods. installing handrails
Exercise unified management. Adopted by management authority
Too many posters and all different kinds of advertisements in the Buses 4 Unsightly advertisements and enterprise carriage, it is not pretty. publicity should not be posted in the carriage.
Strengthen the maintenance and repair of Adopted by management authority 5 Sometimes, buses break down while driving. buses and check bus condition before driving.
Install monitoring cameras in buses, which Adopted and install monitoring can improve deterrence and decrease cameras in five positions (in front of Female is easy to be involved in the sexual harassment on buses; 6 similar cases; also, purchase buses with the bus, tail of the bus, in front of the elders and children are easy to be attacked; there are thieves three doors and set up special door and bus door, in the bus and tail of the bus seats for elders, women and children door)
All buses in urban area should practice the Unadopted 1 Part of routes to outskirt do not provide discount card to elderly. same policy, and benefit outskirt and rural area gradually. Preferential It will be better to change the age from 70 to Unadopted card 2 Elderly can enjoy discount after 70-year-old, and it is too late. 60 or 65.
Provide disabled relative discount policy Increase subsidy 3 Disabled (not include theblind) cannot enjoy discount now. according to the disabled level and type.
Strengthen the supervisory control of Adopted by management authority The time bus arrive is not stable, many buses sometime, no bus 1 station. Schedule reasonably in time sometime. Many empty buses are not on road in the final station. according to passenger flow.
Administration department should change Adopted by management authority Scheduling Routes may be added or reduced, but the stops are not changed, like 2 information about bus stops in time to make No.28 and No.68. it convenient for passengers to take bus.
Dispatch field command and maintain order Adopted by management authority 3 It is chaotic in all stations during rush hours. during rush hours.
Enlarge the fond size, add LED screen on Unadopted. The project has solved It is very cold in winter, and windows are frosted seriously. The the outside of windows to show route name. and include in the feasibility study number of bus (which route) on the outside of the bus and the stop Install LED screen on relatively high place 1 name on station are not clear, it makes passengers, especially in front and behind the bus to make Identity elderly, deaf and near-sightedness, inconvenient to take bus, and passengers, especially elderly, deaf and system and often miss the certain stop. promoting near-sightedness, convenient to take bus.
Add voice prompt and play in advance so Adopted by management authority 2 The blind cannot see station board and indicators clearly that the blind can have enough time for and will be addressed in the project. preparation
154 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
Content No. Existing problems Suggestions Adoption of Suggestions
Relative department should update route Adopted by management authority 3 Route maps on station and in bus are not updated in time. maps in time to make passengers convenient to take bus.
Transform some advertisements to route Adopted by management authority maps reasonably to make it more 4 Too many advertisements in bus corridor. convenient for passengers to search out route.
Unadopted. Although there are some There are many Korean nationality citizens Korean nationalities in this district, this live scattered along stations from Hongqi is not the Korean nationality Street to Tongxiang street. Accordingly, neighborhood. Therefore, it does not 5 Minority there is an expectation that this district can have the necessary to set up bilingual set up bilingual (Chinese and transportation indicators. Moreover, it Korean )transportation indicators and is difficult to set uo bilingual station station announcement in bilingual board.
Management authority plans to Some operating buses are private in No.369 route, they do not Relative department should work it out, and 1 adopted and may implement single charge the same as the unified policy, and the standard is different. charge as the unified policy. standard.
Adopted by management authority To drivers, salary is low, responsibility is great, quality is low, and Adjust drivers’ salary. Strengthen quality Bus 2 and the contents of suggestion are attitude is bad. training. company implemented now. and drivers Strength training for bus drivers to slow Adopted by management authority manageme It is too fast for elderly and disabled to adapt when starting or 3 down the acceleration when starting or nt stopping the bus. stopping the bus.
The passengers in Botanical Garden Station are mainly elderly, and Adopted by management authority Relative department should strengthen 4 most of them have elderly certificates, so many bus drivers do not management. stop.
Adopted and related departments Construct public toilet to provide 1 No public toilet in the final station. have formulated planning, propose to convenience to drivers and passengers. Destination establish 100 Worker Homes constructio Increase the number of garages, Adopted and part of them have been Too few garages, drivers have to warm the buses especially in n strengthen the maintenance of buses, solved in the project. 2 winter. They have to get up at 3 o’clock in the morning, and their reduce the workloads of bus drivers and workloads rose imperceptibly. make convenient to bus warming.
Traffic light in some junctions is too short for the disabled to cross the Take demand of disabled into Unadopted road. Some of the junctions have no voice prompting, and blind have consideration, set reasonable length of 1 no idea of crossing the roads, some blind only have to crossing the traffic light, establish voice prompt system road with cane. for crossing signal.
Signaling The length of traffic light in Sanhe Road is too long and waste Adopted by management authority system passengers’ time, increase the violation phenomena; 2 Set traffic light reasonably. The length of traffic light in the point of three-movie power is too short for passengers to cross roads.
The traffic light buttons for advance are almost nonexistent, and most Use reasonably and strengthen Adopted by management authority 3 of them are not usable. maintenance.
Set step height reasonably, cover the steps Adopted by management authority Steps of overpasses are too steep, and not all steps are made by by non-slip material, add handrail in the and has been included in the 1 non-slip material and lack of handrails, and it is inconvenient for middle of wide overpasses, to make it feasibility study. Overpasse elderly and disabled to use. s or convenient for elderly and disabled to pass. underpass Add windscreen to big overpasses to make Adopted by management authority es it convenient. In addition, take weather and has been included in the 2 No windscreen, and it is very cold in winter. factor into consideration, and the number of feasibility study. underpasses should be increased.
Sidewalks Adopted by management authority Too many motors in sidewalk and it is very difficult for elderly and Relative department should carry out policy or bike 1 disabled. and measures to strengthen management. lanes
155 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System
10.2.5Mitigation Measures and Suggestions for Environment Impact during The Construction
Mitigation measures for traffic impact. Take this factor into full consideration when making project implementation and require particularly busy roads’ requirements to avoid the rush hour (such as night transport to ensure there is no traffic congestion during day time).
Reduce dust. We advice that when constructing under the continuous good weather and wind conditions, spraying some water to the heap soil to prevent dust, and constructors should carry out cleaning policy for the construction sites.
Control noise pollution. To reduce construction impact on nearby residents, project should not allow construction from 11pm to 6 am the next day within the area where is not far more than 200 meters away from residential. And construction equipment and methods should be taken into consideration and instrument which low noise is needed should be preferred. To the project must be constructed at night, which will affect surrounding residents; noise reduction measures should be carried out. And at the same time, temporary facilities can be set up around construction sites or residential to ensure the quality of living environment.
Restore greenery on municipal roads. After completion of construction, damaged roads and landscaping should be recovered as soon as possible so that avoids affecting urban function.
10.2.6Suggestions to Intensify The Unified Management of Bus System
Currently, Harbin city bus system composition is complex; there is a mix of state-owned units and private stock enterprise, and individual vehicles on some lines. Nearly 30 bus companies in the city, procurement of vehicle model is multifarious, specifications also differ, and even the execution of the charging standard is not unified. We suggest that the Harbin city should 156 Social Assessment Report of Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transportation System strengthen the unified management, such as vehicle centralized purchasing, unified logo, unified car color, uniform charge policy, for vehicle maintenance and convenient unified management.
157
Annex 1 Social Investigation Questionnaire of Project
Questionnaire number: M______; Investigator:______; Investigation time:______; Investigation site:______;
Respondent’s address:______; Area:______; Street:______; Community:______.
:
Social Investigation Questionnaire of Project Dear Sir/Madam: Hello! Commissioned by PMO of HCWSPTSP, we are conducting a social survey about Harbin city traffic condition. The project mainly involves residents’ travel mode, the present situation of transportation, the urban traffic, traffic safety, etc. Your choices and opinions are very important to our investigation and the results of the survey will be decision-making basis for government transportation project, please be patient and express your true opinion. Our questionnaire consists of six parts and you only need to be careful to fill in according to the actual situation. It will take you approximately 30 minutes. Your answers will be kept strictly confidential.
Filling explanation: 1, please tick“√” on the option which is suitable for you, or fill in the " "; 2, multiple-choice, please tick“√”on all realistic option.
Social Assessment Consulting Team of HCWSPTSP
A. Travel mode of residents A1. In winter, your travel mode first:____ second:____ third:____
158
1.On foot; 2.By bicycle; 3.By bus; 4.By taxi; 5.By electric vehicles; 6.By motorcycle; 7. By private cars; 8.By shuttle bus; 9.Other A2. Except for winter, your travel mode first:____ second:____ third:____ 1.On foot; 2.By bicycle; 3.By bus; 4.By taxi; 5.By electric vehicles; 6.By motorcycle; 7. By private cars; 8.By shuttle bus; 9.Other A3. In winter, the frequency of you taking a bus: 1. At least 1 times per day; 2. 2 or 3 day 1 time; 3. 1 time per week; 4. 1 time two weeks; 5. 1 time per month; 6. Other A4. Except for winter, the frequency of you taking a bus: 1. At least 1 times per day; 2. 2 or 3 day 1 time; 3. 1 time per week; 4. 1 time two weeks; 5. 1 time per month; 6. Other A5. Under normal circumstances, the main reason you take a bus to go out is that: (Multiple-choice, limited to choose 3 items) 1. Go to work; 2. Go to school; 3. Pick up children; 4. Shopping; 5. Buy food and Daily necessities; 6. Go to see a doctor; 7. To visit relatives and friends; 8.Go to take exercises 9. Other A6. Which of the following reasons could prompt you to change the most commonly used mode of transportation at present to take the bus? (Multiple-choice, limited to choose 3 items) 1. The bus station can provide more smart information (such as electronic maps. The smart query system, electronic screens can show the arrival time, etc.) 2. More clean and well maintained buses 3. The bus is faster (if there is a bus exclusive passageway) 4. Add new bus lines between home and travel destinations 5. Lower ticket price 6. Transfer to other modes of faster transport 7. The platform has warm facilities 8. Taking a bus is safer 9. Buses can provide special seats for the elderly, infirm, sick, disable and pregnant 10. Buses transfer preferential (such as transfer within the given time, give preferential) . A7. What reasons would lead you to do not use the bus, and change into a different kind of transportation? (Limited to choose 3 items) Parking easier 2. Subway station opening 3.When the bus is not on time 4. When buses are too crowded during the go to work time 5. Easier and safer to cross the road 6. Fuel costs less 7. Have the ability to buy cars 8. Bus stations provide rental bicycles 9. Have the ability to buy electric cars 10. Buses can provide special seats for the elderly, infirm, sick, disable and pregnant 11. Other 12. Will not change
B. Bus service status B1. What do you think is the most crowded time for bus：
159
1.7：00-9：00； 2.9：00-12：00； 3.12：00-14：00； 4.14：00-16：00； 5.16：00-18：00； 6.18：00-20：00； 7. after 20 o’clock B2.How long it takes you to wait by bus generally? 1.5 minutes; 2.5-10 minutes; 3.10-20 minutes; 4.20-30 minutes; 5.30 minutes B3. Compare waiting for a bus in winter to not in winter you think in winter need 1. Much longer; 2. Slightly longer; 3. Almost the same; 4. Shorter; 5.Feel no change B4.when you take buses in the city to the place where you want to go, what do you think of the transfer time: 1. Too much, very inconvenient; 2. A bit more, it is acceptable; 3. Not so much, is very satisfied; 4. Other B5. What do you think of the current bus line? 1. There are many; 2. Basically right; 3. Less B6. What do you think the frequency of bus start? 1. There are many; 2. Basically right; 3. Less B7. What do you think of the bus starting time and ending time 1. Reasonable; 2. Basically reasonable 3. Starting time is too late; 4. Ending time is too early B8. What do you think of the construction of the bus stations 1. Very reasonable; 2. The comparison is not reasonable; 3. General; 4. Is not very reasonable; 5. Very unreasonable B9.The shortage of bus station construction: 1. The distance is too far away; 2. The distance is too close; 3. There is no bus station where is needed ( ); 4. There is no facilities which can keep warm in winter; 5. The platform logo is not clear; 6. The platform is too narrow; 7. Adjacent to the fast traffic lane, is dangerous; 8. It is slippery in winter, easy to fall B10.What do you think of the bus internal device 1. Very good; 2. Better; 3. In general; 4. Worse; 5. Very bad B11. What do you think of the shortage of the bus internal device: 1. Special seats for the elderly, infirm, sick, disable and pregnant are too little; 2. Seats are not enough; 3. Stopping report is not clear; 4. No air conditioning; 5. Armrest is unsafe; 6. Getting on or off the bus is not convenient; 7. Using traffic credit card is not convenient; 8.stopping is unstable; 9. Other B12.what do you think of the current price of bus ticket:
160
1. Too high; 2. Reasonable; 3. The lower B13. What do you think the shortcomings of taking a bus: 1. Crowded; 2. Take too much time; 3. Unpunctuality; 4. Insecurity; 5. Inconvenient; 6. The high price of tickets; 7.other B14. What problems do you think the public bus need to improve? 1. The lines are not reasonable; 2. The vehicle configuration is not reasonable; 3. The price is too high; 4. Public transit network is unreasonable; 5. Changing and connecting is not good; 6. Terminal facilities are not enough; 7. The viewpoint of bus priority is weak; 8. The platform set is not reasonable; 9. No air conditioning 10. Other B15. What do you think of the current problems of urban pavement? 1. The cars occupy the pavement; 2. Too narrow; 3. Too dirty, disorderly or bad; 4. The billboards are too many; 5. Roads are too slippery B16. What do you think are the main problems of crossing the road through the intersection? 1. It takes too much time to wait for the green light; 2. The green light time is too short for pedestrians to cross road; 3.It is easy to course traffic jams when the traffic lights change, and it makes difficult for pedestrians to cross from the intersection; 4.Too many pedestrians need to cross the road, and not all of them can pass before the green light change;5. the cars from the left and right lane drive into the pavement during the green light; 6. Cars do not give way to pedestrians ; 7. There is no safety island in the middle of the road;8. Cars could come from any direction.
C. Bus priority corridors construction C1. To improve the situation of urban traffic congestion, what do you think should be done: 1. Broaden the city roads; 2. To restrict private cars going out; 3. To develop underground rail traffic; 4. Develop the public transport first; 5. Increase the transfer center, make it convenient to transfer; 6. Provide the public bicycle; 7. There is no way to improve; 8. Other C2. Do you think it is necessary to set up bus lanes in Harbin? 1. It is necessary; 2. Don't need to; 3. It doesn't matter C3. Your attitude about setting up bus lanes in this city: 1. Support; 2. Oppose; 3. It doesn't matter C4. How much the bus ticket takes you can accept after the completion of bus priority corridors ,? 1. Constant; 2. Add (please write down your acceptable increase yuan/time) C5.Do you think the time you take buses will increase or others after the completion of bus priority corridors?
161
1. Increase; 2. Will not change; 3. Difficult to judge C6.Which places must be established bus stations after the completion bus lanes? 1.Places near schools; 2. Places near hospitals; 3. Places near parks; 4. City center; 5. Places near the vegetable markets; 6. Places near shopping markets; 7. Other C7. In winter, what do you think is the reasonable interval time of buses:____ minutes a bus; Reasonable interval time of buses during rush hours:____ minutes a bus. C8.the suitable time for first bus and last bus you think is: _____in the morning; ____in the evening. C9. What are the possible positive effects, after the completion of bus priority corridors? 1. Travel more convenient; 2. Ease traffic congestion; 3. Low carbon and environmental protection; 4. Travel is more efficient; 5. Safer ; 6. Add more job opportunities and increase income; 7. Other C10. What are your concerns after the completion of bus priority corridors? 1. Ticket price; 2. The corridors will take up the road and the traffic will be crowded; 3. Less bus stations; 4. Other C11. If construct the crossing road, which way do you tend to choose? 1.The way which has a safety island and can cross the street directly; 2. Directly cross the street; 3. Overpasses; 4. The underground passages. C12. what do you care about most if update the buses in this city? 1. The appearance of the bus; 2. Whether the buses can use clean energy to reduce pollution; 3. The interior of the bus; 4. How many people the bus can take. C13. Do you want the main problems of transportation infrastructure in this city be solved? Please according to the actual situation, fill “√” in the appropriate spaces. Traffic facilities Highly hope Somewhat hope Hope little Neither Not care 1. Construct bus bay stop 2. Increase seasonal heat preservation facilities in the bus 3. Set the countdown traffic lights
162
4. Increase the street lamp 5. Increase the motor vehicle parking spaces 6. Increase road traffic signs 7. Use bus card to pay 8. Easy to recharge for the bus card 9. Increase the route way 10. Separate the motor and non-motor vehicle 11. Set up the smart bus electronic display screen, report traffic real time 12. Set transit service web site, let the public understand real-time information through the web and WAP 13. Increase the road greening 14. Increase facilities and vehicles which can clean snow quickly
163
15. Increase the deicing facilities and vehicles
16. Update the buses 17. Improve the efficiency of the traffic police 18. Improve the environment of bus station and inner of buses
C14. For the transport infrastructure project is not mentioned in the table above, is there anything else you think need to strengthen? Please write your opinions and suggestions on the underline.
C15. In view of the public transport hub station to be constructed in this project, which aspects do you think is need to be considered: 1. Convenient for indoor transfer in winter; 2. Easy to identify the signs, transfer time is short; 3.Provide commercial facilities ; 4. Close to the railway station; 5. Other convenience
D. Traffic safety D1. Are you satisfied with the urban traffic safety? 1. Strongly dissatisfied; 2. Somewhat dissatisfied; 3. Somewhat satisfied; 4. Very satisfied; 5.Not care D2. Where take road accidents frequently? 1. The intersections; 2. The forks in the road; 3. The junctions of motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles ; 4. Other D3. What measures do you think can improve the current traffic safety situation? 1. To design more special lanes; 2. Design reasonable intersections; 3. Design more underground passage or bridge on the ground; 4. Other D4. Which way can be effective to propagandize the traffic safety? 1. Local radio, TV, Newspapers and other media; 2. The owner’s community or community organization; 3. Put up posters in the community; 4. Send safety manual to residents; 5. Set the traffic safety propaganda window at the crowed place.; 6. Set up safety training base D5. You want the city's main traffic safety problem be improved? Please according to the actual situation, fill“√” in the appropriate Spaces.
164
Project Highly hope Somewhat hope Hope little Neither Not care 1.Safety consciousness is weak 2.Lack of traffic knowledge 3.People walk when the vehicles are driving 4.Vehicles drive at random at the crossroads 5.Pedestrians break traffic light at random 6.Drivers do not drive the vehicles on the regulate lanes 7.The speed of cars is too fast 8.Traders take up the road space 9.Traffic administration cannot manage well 10.Snow cannot be removal in time in winter D6. For the traffic safety project is not mentioned in the table above, is there anything else you think need to strengthen? Please write your opinions and suggestions on the underline.
E. Basic information E1. Age:____ Population in your home:____ E2. Gender: 1. Male; 2. Female E3. The cultural degree: 1. Junior college graduated or above; 2. Senior high school/Secondary technical school; 3. Junior high school; 4. Primary
165
school; 5. Illiteracy E4. The nation: 1. Han; 2. The other ethnic groups E5. Occupation: 1. Employee of state-owned enterprise; 2. Employee of private enterprise; 3. Farmers 4. Self-employer; 5. Freelance worker; 6. Unemployment; 7. Students; 8. Retirement; 9. Other E6. Family monthly income:1.10000 below 2.10001 to 40000 yuan; 3.40001 to 60000 yuan; 4.60001 to 100000 yuan;5 More than 100000 yuan. E7. Do you have a driver's license? 1. Yes; 2. No E8. Do your family have a private car? 1. Yes; 2. No; E9. How many private cars do your family have? 1.1, 2. 2, 3. 3, 4. more than 3 . E10. Do you often drive a car? 1. Regularly; 2. Occasionally; 3. Don't drive
F. Special group going out F1. The informant’s family is: 1. Low-income residents; 2. The disabled family; 3. The old man F2. You want the main problems of transportation infrastructure in the city be solved? Please according to the actual situation, fill“√” in the appropriate spaces Transportation infrastructure Highly hope Somewhat hope Hope little Neither Not care 1. The height of the platform and bus floor should be consistent 2. Set bar and lifting handle 3. Set blind barrier-free facilities and emergency import and export 4. The body of buses and platform should be marked clearly 5. The government should give public transport subsidies when the ticket price rise
166
6. Set more seats for the elderly, infirm, sick, disable and pregnant 7. Educate to the driver about the safety, in order to avoid starting and braking too urgent 8. Others Questionnaire number____ ;Investigator______;Investigation date____ ;Investigation place_____ .
167
Annex 2 The Taxi Driver Social Investigation Questionnaire
Dear Sir/Madam Hello! Commissioned by PMO of HCWSPTSP, we are conducting a social survey about Harbin city traffic condition. The project mainly involves residents’ travel mode, the present situation of transportation, the urban traffic, traffic safety, etc. Your choices and opinions are very important to our investigation and the results of the survey will be decision-making basis for government transportation project, please be patient and express your true opinion. Your answers will be kept strictly confidential. Thanks very much! Social Assessment Consulting Team of HUIPTSP
J1.In your opinion, what problem does Harbin have in traffic and roads? Tick in the blank. 1. The snow and ice cannot be cleaned in time______； 2. Traffic jam in the rush hours______； 3. Some roads are so narrow that they should be expand______； 4. Lack of overpasses and underground tunnel______； 5. Lack of traffic signs and markings______； 6. Pedestrians, bus, car hog to each other______； 7. Vehicles cross the crossing disorderly______； 8. Lack of Parking facilities and Public parking lots______； 9. legal roadside parking______； 10. Speeding______； 11. Vehicles change lines, start and turn too fast______； 12. Vehicles don’t obey traffic lights______； 13. Bicycles, electric cars and motorcycles at will______； 14. Pedestrians don’t obey traffic lights______； 15. Pedestrians cross the road at will______；
168
16. Lack of central refuge in wide road______； 17. Vendors use the space of road______； 18. Traffic administration lose regulation______； 19. People don’t have enough safety consciousness______； 20. People don’t have enough knowledge of traffic_____； 21. Other______.
J2. Which of the following measures to improve traffic situation is necessary? Tick in the blank. Measures Very Necessary Necessary Little necessary No necessary Not care Increase the bus lanes Increase a non-motor vehicle Increase pedestrian path
Set central refuges in wide road Ban vendors selling goods on the Set the countdown traffic lights Broaden narrow roads or increase Increase vehicle parking Spaces
Lim it the number of private cars Set road signs and traffic signs
Increase the overpasses and Buses, taxis install smart vehicle navigation, real-time traffic reports
169
Quick snow-cleaning facilities and Ice-cleaning facilities and vehicles
Traffic police efficiency Strengthen the enforcement of Increase the punishments for
Establish safety education base
J3.What do you think of setting bus dedicated channel? Will it affect the operation of the taxi? Tick in the blank 1. taxi will be more difficult to drive_____; 2. No effects____; 3. Taxi will be easier to drive____. J4. After improving public transport, do you think taxi passenger transportation will be effected? 1. passengers will be less;2. no effects;3. passengers will be more. J5. What do you think, after improve public transportation, does this have any impact on car rental income? 1. Fewer passengers, operating income to decrease;2. The income doesn’t change a lot;3. operation efficiency increases，income increases. J6.For city smart transport system, what good advices do you think can be placed into the project？ ______
Thanks for your cooperation! Questionnaire number____ ;Investigator______;Investigation date____ ;Investigation place_____ ;Respondent______.
170
Annex 3 Social Investigation Questionnaire for Traffic Police
Dear Sir/Madam Hello! Commissioned by PMO of HCWSPTSP, we are conducting a social survey about Harbin city traffic condition. The project mainly involves residents’ travel mode, the present situation of transportation, the urban traffic, traffic safety, etc. Your choices and opinions are very important to our investigation and the results of the survey will be decision-making basis for government transportation project, please be patient and express your true opinion. Your answers will be kept strictly confidential. Thanks very much! Social Assessment Consulting Team of HUIPTSP
J1. What do you think about the city public traffic of Harbin? 1. Excellent 2. Relatively good 3. Common 4. Relatively bad 5. Bad J2. What do you think is the most important problem in the city public traffic system? 1. The ice on the road cannot be cleaned in time___ 2. Traffic jam in rush hours__ 3. Pedestrians, bus, car hog to each other______4. Vehicles cross the crossing disorderly______5. Illegal parking______6. Speeding______7. Vehicles change lines, start and turn too fast____ 8. Vehicles don’t obey traffic lights______9. Lack of traffic signs and markings______10. Pedestrians don’t obey traffic lights______11. Pedestrians cross the road at will______12. Frequent occurrence of traffic accidents
171
13. Traffic lights works for too short time that the elderly and the disabled is difficult to cross the road 14. Other ______J3.What do you think are the main cause of these problems? (sort the choices by importance) 1. Shortage of snowplow car ______2. Lack of road construction ______； 3. Lack of Public transport vehicles ______； 4. Bus line setup is not reasonable______5. Lack of crossing facilities like Overpasses, underground tunnel_____； 6. Bus stop channel is not perfect ______7. Traffic propaganda is insufficient, lack of knowledge of traffic light, traffic safety consciousness ______8. Lack of traffic management______9. Lack of knowledge of traffic signs, traffic marking______10. Public parking facilities are insufficient, lack of social public parking lot______11. Road scheduling system lags behind, the road diversion ability is not good ______12. Lack of central refuge at wide place in the road 13. road space extrusion by vendors_____ 14 . Lack of. Traffic administration regulation ____ 15. other______J4. Where do you think have the most traffic accidents? Tick in the blank. 1、Crossing ______；2、Turning______；3、 Junction of vehicle and non-motor vehicle______； 4、near the platform； 5、other J5. Which of the following measures do you think are necessary for improving traffic situation? Tick in the blanks. Measures Very Necessary Necessary Little necessary No necessary Not care
1.Increase the bus lanes 2.Increase a non-motor vehicle lanes 3.Set the pedestrian
172
4.Set central refuge 5.Ban venders selling goods in road 6.Set countdown traffic lights 7.Broaden the narrow roads or increase lanes 8.Increase motor vehicle parking lots 9.Limit the number of private cars on the road 10.set road signs and traffic signs 11.Increase the number of overpasses and underground tunnels 12.Buses, taxis install smart vehicle navigation, real-time traffic reports
13.Quick snow-cleaning facilities and vehicles 14.Ice-cleaning facilities and vehicles 15.Traffic police efficiency 16.Strengthen the enforcement of traffic rules 17.Increase the punishments of traffic laws and regulations’
violation 18.Establish safety education base J6. Which group do you think should take road safety education? 1、Private cars drivers_____；2、bus drivers_____；3、taxi drivers_____；4、motorcycle drivers_____；5.bicycle riders_____；6、pedestrians_____； 7、students_____；8、pedestrians_____；9、Migrant workers_____；10、Floating population ；11 other (detailed)_____
173
J7. What do you think are the effective ways to have the traffic safety propaganda? Tick in the blanks 1、Local radio stations, television stations, newspapers and other media ______；2、community organizations______；3、posters in posters ______； 4、Issue safety manual to residents ______；5、setting the traffic safety propaganda windows to issue safety manual to residents ______；6、Establish safety education base ______；other(explain it)______. J8. Do you think the traffic signal system in Harbin is perfect? Tick in the blanks 1. NO 2. YES 3. Not sure J5.1What are the problems if it is not perfect? 1、transformation frequency of red and green lights is too slow______；2、transformation frequency of red and green lights is too fast_____；3、not enough time for red and green lights______；4、too much traffic lights______；5、lack of traffic lights______；6、lack of countdown system______； 7、confusing changes of traffic lights when turning______；8 other____ J9. Is there a need to improve public transportation of Harbin? 1、very necessary______；2、relatively necessary 3. Just as well 4. No necessary____；5、I don’t know_____ J10. Which of the following measures is acceptable to improve public transformation of Harbin? 1、increase bus stops______；2、increase bus lanes______；3、Transfer of cohesion between bus routes ______；4、Adding more bus shifts ______； 5、Improving the punctuality of buses stop______；6、Improve the bus stop waiting facilities______；7、get the bus information before taking a bus______；8、set lanes for bus only_____；9、better maintenance and cleaning for buses______；10、link up bus and other Mode of transport ______； 11、set the bus stops near the Business center____;12、increase bus numbers in rush hours______；13、other (in detail)______J11. For city smart transport system, what good advice do you think can be placed into the project? ______
Thanks for your cooperation! Questionnaire number____ ;Investigator______;Investigation date____ ;Investigation place_____ ;Respondent______
174
Annex 4 Social Investigation Questionnaire about Floating Population
Dear Sir/Madam Hello! Commissioned by PMO of HCWSPTSP, we are conducting a social survey about Harbin city traffic condition. The project mainly involves residents’ travel mode, the present situation of transportation, the urban traffic, traffic safety, etc. Your choices and opinions are very important to our investigation and the results of the survey will be decision-making basis for government transportation project, please be patient and express your true opinion. Your answers will be kept strictly confidential. Thanks very much! Social Assessment Consulting Team of MUIPTSP
W1. Why you come to Harbin? 1. For a business trip 2. Travel 3. Visiting relatives and friends 4. Others W2. What do you think of the public traffic situation of Harbin? 1. Very well____; 2. Better____; 3. The general ______; 4. Worse____; 5. Very bad ______; W3. What transportation do you chose when you are in Harbin? 1. The public bus; 2. Taxi; 3. On foot; 4. Lease vehicles 5. Others W4. Why you choose the public transportation? 1. It is cheap; 2. It is safe; 3.It usually on time; 4. Can’t get a taxi 5. Others W5. Why you choose to take a taxi? 1.It is convenient 2. The road is slippery, and go to the bus station is not convenient. 3. There is no heat preservation facilities at the bus station 4.It is faster 4. 5. Others W6. What are the main problems of the city public traffic in Harbin you think? 1, The snow and ice on roads cannot be cleaned in time____; 2,During the rush time the traffic is very jam____; 3,Pedestrians, bus, car take up roads each other; 4, Vehicles move disorderly at the intersection____; 5,The problem of parking at random is serious____; 6, The speed of Vehicles is too
175
fast____; 7, The bus auto off at random, and start or turn too fast____; 8, Vehicles don't obey the traffic lights indicate____; 9, Bicycles, electric cars and motorcycles move at random____; 10, Pedestrians rush traffic light____; 11, Pedestrians crossing the street at random____.; 12,Traffic incidents occur frequently____; 13, Signal time is too short, the elderly, the disabled can’t cross the road during that time____; 14. Is there anything else? ______; W7. Which of the following reasons will prompt you to change the most commonly used mode of transportation to take the bus? 1, Bus station can provide more smart information (such as electronic maps, smart query system, and electronic screen which can display the bus arrival time, etc.) 2, More buses which are cleaned and maintained well 3, The bus is more faster (if there is dedicated channel for buses) 4,Add new bus lines between home and travel destination 5, The ticket for bus is lower than before 6,Transfer to other transportation platform is convenient 7,Provide heat preservation facilities at the bus stations W8.Do you have any other good suggestions for the city smart transport system project? ______
176
Annex 5 Bus drivers investigation questionnaire
Questionnaire number: M______; Investigator:______; Investigation time:______; Investigation site:______;
Bus driver’s society investigation questionnaire Dear Sir/Madam Hello! Commissioned by PMO of HCWSPTSP, we are conducting a social survey about Harbin city traffic condition. The project mainly involves residents’ travel mode, the present situation of transportation, the urban traffic, traffic safety, etc. Your choices and opinions are very important to our investigation and the results of the survey will be decision-making basis for government transportation project, please be patient and express your true opinion. Your answers will be kept strictly confidential. Thanks very much! Social Assessment Consulting Team of HUIPTSP
Investigation questionnaire G1、What is your main difficulty in the process of driving in Harbin city ? Please sort. 1、The roads are icy in winter . 2、The smart degree of existing bus-stops and buses is not enough , which is difficult to meet the information query demand of passengers . The workload of bus drivers increases, which affects the efficiency of the bus speed. 3、The roads or part of them are narrow . 4、Bus lanes are lacked . 5、The signal system is not perfect . 6、Road traffic signs and markings are lacked . 7、Vehicles are random at intersections .
177
8、Buses and their equipments are aging . 9、Bus-stops are lacked or them are narrow . 10、Passenger safety protection facilities and warning signs are lacked near the bus-stops . 11、After arriving , buses are difficult to stop in bus-stops . 12、Buses lack heat preservation facilities . 13、Facilities are obsolete and service abilities are insufficient in the bus stop security fields . 14、Other social vehicles are driving too fast . 15、Other social vehicles are changing lanes , starting or turning at will . 16、Roadside parking is random . 17、Pedestrians walk across the road at will . 18、Pedestrians run the red light . 19、Pedestrians walk on the motorway rather than walk on the sidewalk . 20、Before the bus comes to a complete stop in the bus-shop , pedestrians rush to get on the bus . 21、Bicycles , motorcycles or electric vehicles move in the traffic at will . 22、Vendors take up road space . 23、Disabled persons are difficult to query information and get on or off the bus , which affects the operational efficiency . 24、What else ? G2、What do you think is the most likely reason to cause the bus accidents risk in Harbin city ? Fill ''√'' in the corresponding blanks . 1、The roads are icy in winter ______;2、The traffic is blocked ______; 3、The roads or part of them are narrow______; Bus lanes are lacked ______;5、The signal system is not perfect ______;6、Road traffic signs and markings are lacked ______;7、Vehicles are random at intersections ______;8、Buses and their equipments are aging______;9、Bus-stops are lacked or them are narrow ______;10、 Passenger safety protection facilities and warning signs are lacked near the bus-stops______;11、After arriving , buses are difficult to stop in bus-stops ______;12、Buses lack heat preservation facilities______;13、Facilities are obsolete and service abilities are insufficient in the bus stop
178
security fields ______;14、Other social vehicles are driving too fast______;15、Other social vehicles are changing lanes , starting or turning at will______;16、Roadside parking is random______;17、Pedestrians walk across the road at will______;18、Pedestrians run the red light______; 19、Pedestrians walk on the motorway rather than walk on the sidewalk______;20、Before the bus comes to a complete stop in the bus-shop , pedestrians rush to get on the bus______; 21、Bicycles , motorcycles or electric vehicles move in the traffic at will______;22、Vendors take up road space______;23、What else ?______. G3、What do you think is the most effective way to decrease the bus accidents risk in Harbin city ? Fill ''√'' in the corresponding blanks . 1、Increasing snow ploughs______;2、Building or widening the roads______;3、Increasing bus lanes______; 4、Changing operation modes of the traffic light signal system ( such as the countdown signals )______;5、Increasing sidewalks and non-motor vehicle lanes______;6、Increasing overpasses and underpasses in the places which have big traffic flows ______;7、Building the bus bay stops______;8、setting up passenger safety protection facilities or warning signs near the bus-stops______;9、Replacing to the new energy-saving environmental safety buses______;10、 Strengthening the education and training of the safety awareness for bus drivers car drivers and pedestrians______;11、Increasing motor vehicle parking lots ______;12、Strengthening the enforcement of traffic rules and regulations______;13、Other ( please give details )______. G4、What changes that passengers want the most do you think are on buses in Harbin city ? Fill ''√'' in the corresponding blanks . 1、Increasing bus-stops______;2、Adding more bus lines______;3、Strengthening links of transfer between bus routes______;4、Adding more fleets of buses______;5、Improving the punctuality rate of buses arriving______;6、Improving the waiting service facilities of bus-stops ( such as heat preservation facilities ) ______;7、Getting the information about the bus travel time before getting on the bus ( such as the arrival time , etc . ) 8、Increasing in the number of the bus lane______;9、Providing better maintenance and cleaning for buses______;10、Strengthening links between buses and other modes of transport______;11、Making the bus- stop near the commercial service center______;12、Increasing in the number of buses to reduce the congestion level on the buses in rush hours______;13、Other ( please give details )______. G5、About smart transportation system for buses in the city , what do you think is good advice that can be placed into the project design ? ______
Thanks for your cooperation !
179
Annex 6 Summarizes of Questionnaire Investigation on Social
Assessment
I. Foreword
“Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transport System Project Loaned by World Bank” is the key construction projects of Harbin. In order to figure out the public awareness and views of the project; make the social assessment of the project more objective and scientific; make the preparation, design, construction and operational management coordinated with the regional socio-economic development goals, specific local conditions and the development needs of the target population; to better implement the Safeguard Polices of World Bank and all the rights specified in the policy of the affected population in the project, from the March 14th , 2013 to the March 20th , 2013, research group ”Social Assessment of the Harbin Cold Weather Smart Public Transport System Project Loaned by World Bank” conducted the field investigation of the residents, bus passengers and enterprises’ workers near the Harbin smart public transport construction’s main roads (Daxin Street - Beixin Street, Railway Street - Harbin Street, Hongqi Street). Between August 1st and August 13th, 2013, the SA team performed the complementary investigation regarding the changed sites and uodated the SA report based on the latest feasibility study report. A. Time: March 14th , 2013 to March 20th ,2013, August 1st, 2013 to August 13th ,2013 B. Place: Harbin C. Objective: Figure out the public awareness and views of the project; make the 180
social assessment of the project more objective and scientific; make the preparation, design, construction and operational management coordinated with the regional socio-economic development goals, specific local conditions and the development needs of the target population; to better implement the Safeguard Polices of World Bank and all the rights specified in the policy of the affected population in the project. D. Respondents: The residents, bus passengers and workers of the enterprises near the Harbin smart public transport construction’s main roads (Youyi Road, Xinyang Road, Hongqi Street). E. Method: By the method of random sampling, the investigation was sent out 506 questionnaires, take back 500 questionnaires, in which the valid questionnaires are 500. Statistical analysis was conducted by the use of the SPSS. Ⅱ. Analysis of the Questionnaire’s Basic Information
A. The way the residents choose to travel
1. In winter, people’s main ways to travel are “ Bus ”(accounting for 32.5%), “ Taxi ”(accounting for 25.4%) and “ On foot ”(accounting for 23.7%) (Table A1). The most respondents chose “ Bus ” as the first choice of the way to travel in winter, accounting for 66.4%; next is “ On foot ”, accounting for 12.2%; then is “ Private cars ”, accounting for 11.8% (Table A1.1). The most respondents chose “ Taxi ” as the second choice of the way to travel in winter, accounting for 45.2%; next is “ On foot ”, accounting for 19.6%; then is “ Bus ”, accounting for 19.2% (Table A1.2). The most respondents chose “ On foot ” as the third choice of the way to travel in winter, accounting for 41.6%; next is “ Taxi ”, accounting for 25.8% (Table A1.3).
A1 Way to Travel in Winter
181
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
On foot 348 23.7% 69.6%
Bicycle 60 4.1% 12.0%
Bus 477 32.5% 95.4%
Ta xi 373 25.4% 74.6% Way to Travel Electric car 12 .8% 2.4% in Winter Motorcycle 7 .5% 1.4%
Private car 130 8.9% 26.0%
Shuttle bus 29 2.0% 5.8%
Others 31 2.1% 6.2%
Total 1467 100.0% 293.4%
A1.1 First Choice of the Way to Travel in Winter
Frequency Percentage (%)
On foot 61 12.2
Bicycle 9 1.8
Bus 332 66.4
Ta xi 28 5.6
Electric car 2 .4
Motorcycle 2 .4
Private car 59 11.8
Shuttle bus 6 1.2
Others 1 .2
Total 500 100.0
182
A1.2 Second Choice of the Way to Travel in Winter
Frequency Percentage (%)
On foot 98 19.6
Bicycle 31 6.2
Bus 96 19.2
Ta xi 226 45.2
Electric car 4 .8
Motorcycle 1 .2
Private car 30 6.0
Shuttle bus 9 1.8
Others 5 1.0
Total 500 100.0
A1.3 Third Choice of the Way to Travel in Winter
Frequency Percentage(%)
On foot 208 41.6
Bicycle 20 4.0
Bus 53 10.6
Ta xi 129 25.8
Electric car 6 1.2
Motorcycle 4 .8
Private car 42 8.4
Shuttle bus 14 2.8
Others 24 4.8
183
Frequency Percentage(%)
Total 500 100.0
2. In no-winter seasons, people’s main ways to travel are “Bus ”(accounting for 31.2%), “ On foot ”(accounting for 26.9%) and “ Taxi ”(accounting for 22.7%) (Table A2). The most respondents chose “ Bus ” as the first choice of the way to travel in no-winter seasons, accounting for 53.4%; next is “ On foot ”, accounting for 24.2%; then is “ Private cars ”, accounting for 12.2% (Table A2.1). The most respondents chose “ Taxi ” as the second choice of the way to travel in no-winter seasons, accounting for 33.2%; next is “ Bus ”, accounting for 29.0%; then is “ On foot ”, accounting for 20.2% (Table A2.2). The most respondents chose “ On foot ” as the third choice of the way to travel in no-winter seasons, accounting for 36.2%; next is “ Taxi ”, accounting for 32.6% (Table A2.3). Public transportation is the main way to travel in Harbin, bus is the first choice to travel by, while it would be affected by season heavily whether to choose taxi to travel by. Since it’s extremely cold in winter, people would rather take a taxi to go out. It’s of the highest frequency for the residents to take the bus, and the frequency is a little higher in winter than in no-winter seasons. A2 Way to Travel in No-winter Seasons
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
On foot 403 26.9% 80.6%
Bicycle 94 6.3% 18.8%
Way to Travel in Bus 468 31.2% 93.6% No-winter Seasons
Ta xi 341 22.7% 68.2%
Electric car 20 1.3% 4.0%
184
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Motorcycle 10 .7% 2.0%
Private car 121 8.1% 24.2%
Shuttle bus 21 1.4% 4.2%
Others 22 1.5% 4.4%
Total 1500 100.0% 300.0%
A2.1 First Choice of the Way to Travel in No-winter Seasons
Frequency Percentage (%)
On foot 121 24.2
Bicycle 22 4.4
Bus 267 53.4
Ta xi 12 2.4
Electric car 10 2.0
Motorcycle 1 .2
Private car 61 12.2
Shuttle bus 5 1.0
Others 1 .2
Total 500 100.0
A2.2 Second Choice of the Way to Travel in No-winter Seasons
Frequency Percentage (%)
On foot 101 20.2
Bicycle 51 10.2
Bus 145 29.0
185
Frequency Percentage (%)
Ta xi 166 33.2
Electric car 4 .8
Motorcycle 4 .8
Private car 23 4.6
Shuttle bus 3 .6
Others 3 .6
Total 500 100.0
A2.3 Third Choice of the Way to Travel in No-winter Seasons
Frequency Percentage (%)
On foot 181 36.2
Bicycle 21 4.2
Bus 56 11.2
Ta xi 163 32.6
Electric car 6 1.2
Motorcycle 5 1.0
Private car 37 7.4
Shuttle bus 13 2.6
Others 18 3.6
Total 500 100.0
3. As to the frequency of taking a bus, in winter, “ At least once a day ” account for 37.4%, “ Once every 2-3 days ” account for 22.2%, and the both add up to account for 59.6% (Table A3). While in no-winter seasons, “ At least once a day ” account for 37.0%, “ Once every 2-3 days ” account for 26.8%, and the both add up to account for 63.8% (Table A4). The frequency of the 186
people’s take a bus is also at a high level.
A3 Frequency of Taking a Bus in Winter
Cumulative Frequency Percentage（%） Percentage（%）
At least once a day 187 37.4 37.4
Once every 2-3 days 111 22.2 59.6
Once a week 98 19.6 79.2
Once every two weeks 38 7.6 86.8
Once a month 36 7.2 94.0
Others 30 6.0 100.0
Total 500 100.0
A4 Frequency of Taking a Bus in No-winter Seasons
Cumulative Frequency Percentage（%） Percentage（%）
At least once a day 185 37.0 37.0
Once every 2-3 days 134 26.8 63.8
Once a week 94 18.8 82.6
Once every two weeks 31 6.2 88.8
Once a month 32 6.4 95.2
Others 24 4.8 100.0
Total 500 100.0
4. In general, people take a bus mainly to “ Shopping ”, ” Go to work ” , ” Buy some food and daily necessities ”, which respectively account for 30.1%, 24.6% and 12.2%.
187
A5 Main Reason for Taking a Bus
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Go to work 240 24.6% 48.0%
Go to school 72 7.4% 14.4%
Take the kids 56 5.7% 11.2%
Shopping 294 30.1% 58.8%
Buy some food Main Reason for and daily 119 12.2% 23.8% Taking a Bus necessities
See a doctor 63 6.4% 12.6%
Visit relatives 83 8.5% 16.6%
Take sports 21 2.1% 4.2%
Others 29 3.0% 5.8%
Total 977 100.0% 195.4%
5. From the results of the investigation, 17.3% of the respondents thought the main reason for them to turn to take the bus was “ Buses are clean and maintained well ”, 14.9% of the respondents thought it was “ Bus stops can provide more smart information ”, 14.0% of the respondents thought it was “ New bus routes are opened between house and destination ”, 12.8% of the respondents thought it was “ Bus stops have warm facilities ” and 12.4% of the respondents thought it was “Public transportation is more convenient (if there are bus dedicated channels)” (Table A6). 28.4% of the respondents thought the main reason for not taking the bus was “ Too crowded in rush hour ”, and 21.5% of the respondents thought it was “ Bus’s unpunctuality ” (Table A7)。
188
A6 Reason for Changing to Take the Bus
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Bus stops can provide more smart information （such as electronic map, smart query system, electronic screens 164 14.9% 32.8% which can show the time when the bus will arrive at the station, etc.）
Buses are more clean and 190 17.3% 38.0% well-maintained
Buses are more convenient Reason for (if there are bus dedicated 136 12.4% 27.2% channels) Changing to New bus routes are opened Take the Bus between house and 154 14.0% 30.8% destination
Reduce the price of the ticket 120 10.9% 24.0%
It becomes more convenient to transfer to other 79 7.2% 15.8% transportation tools
Bus stops have warm 141 12.8% 28.2% facilities
Public transportation are 53 4.8% 10.6% safer
189
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
There’re special seats for the old, the sick, the disabled, 27 2.5% 5.4% etc.
There are discounts for buses transferring(for example, you can have some 37 3.4% 7.4% discounts if you transferred for another bus in a specified time period）
Total 1101 100.0% 220.2%
A7 Reasons for not Taking a Bus
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Parking is more convenient 64 6.1% 12.8%
Subway station is opened 132 12.5% 26.4%
Bus’s unpunctuality 226 21.5% 45.2%
Buses are too crowded in 299 28.4% 59.8% rush hour
It’s safer and more 48 4.6% 9.6% Reasons for not convenient to cross the road Taking a Bus Fuel expense is cheaper 30 2.9% 6.0%
Capable to buy a car 112 10.6% 22.4%
Public-renting bicycles at bus 26 2.5% 5.2% stations
Capable to buy an electronic 26 2.5% 5.2% cars
190
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
There’s no special seats for the old, the sick, the 36 3.4% 7.2% disabled, etc.
Others 35 3.3% 7.0%
Will not change 18 1.7% 3.6%
Total 1052 100.0% 210.4%
B. Present Situation of the Bus Service
1. As for the running time of bus, 52.3% of the respondents thought the crowded time was 7:00-9:00, 31.1% of the respondents thought it was 16:00—18:00(Table B1); 42.0% of the respondents thought the time we usually need to waiting for a bus was 5-10 minutes, 32.2% of the respondents thought it was 10-20 minutes(Table B2);As for the waiting time of buses, 44.2% of the respondents thought it was “ A little longer ”in winter than in no-winter seasons, and 41.4% of the respondents thought it was “ Much longer ”(Table B3); About the time of the first and the last bus, 57.2% of the respondents thought it was “ Almost reasonable ”, 26.0% of the respondents thought “ The last bus is too early ”(Table B7); As for the bus service frequency, 62.6% of the respondents thought it was “ Almost appropriate ”, and 31.6% of the respondents thought it was “ a little less ”(Table B6).
B1 The Most Crowded Period of Buses
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
7:00——9:00 394 52.3% 78.8% Crowed period 9：:00——12:00 38 5.0% 7.6%
191
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
12:00——14:00 18 2.4% 3.6%
14:00——16:00 20 2.7% 4.0%
16:00——18:00 234 31.1% 46.8%
18:00——20:00 45 6.0% 9.0%
After 20:00 4 .5% 0.8%
Total 753 100.0% 150.6%
B2 The Usual Waiting Time of a Bus
Cumulative Frequency Percentage（%） Percentage（%）
Within 5 minutes 44 8.8 8.8
5-10 minutes 210 42.0 50.8
10-20 minutes 161 32.2 83.0
20-30 minutes 47 9.4 92.4
More than 30 38 7.6 100.0 minutes
Total 500 100.0
B3 Compare Bus Waiting Time in Winter With That in No-winter Seasons
Cumulative Frequency Percentage（%） Percentage（%）
Much longer 207 41.4 41.4
A little longer 221 44.2 85.6
192
Cumulative Frequency Percentage（%） Percentage（%）
Almost the 61 12.2 97.8 same
Shorter 6 1.2 99.0
Do not feel 5 1.0 100.0 difference
Total 500 100.0
B6 Bus Service Frequency at Present
Frequency Percentage（%）
More than enough 29 5.8
Almost appropriate 313 62.6
A little less 158 31.6
Total 500 100.0
B7 Whether the Time of the First and the Last Bus are Reasonable
Frequency Percentage（%）
Reasonable 53 10.6
Almost 286 57.2 reasonable
The first bus 31 6.2 is too late
The last bus 130 26.0 is too early
Total 500 100.0
2. About the design of the bus routes, 70.6% of the respondents thought it was “ Almost appropriate ”(Table B5); 53.8%of the respondents thought the
193
times of transferring when taking a bus was “ A little frequently, but acceptable ”(Table B4).
B4The Times of Transferring When Taking a Bus in the City
Frequency Percentage（%）
Too often, much 82 16.4 too inconvenient
A little frequently, 269 53.8 but acceptable
Not much ， very 135 27.0 satisfied
Others 14 2.8
Total 500 100.0
B5 Condition of the Bus Routes at Present
Frequency Percentage（%）
A little more 64 12.8
Almost 353 70.6 appropriate
A little less 83 16.6
Total 500 100.0
3. The assessment of the settings inside the buses and the bus stations. About the settings of the bus stations, 40.4% of the respondents thought it was “ Not bad ”, 37.0% of the respondents thought it was “ Reasonable ”(Table B8); As for the disadvantages of the bus stations’ settings, 32.8% of the respondents thought it was mainly “ There’s no warm facilities in winter ”, and 20.9% of the respondents thought it was “ The platform is slippery and people are easy to fall down ”(Table B9). About the settings inside the buses, 54.8% of
194
the respondents thought it was “ Not bad ”, and 25.4% of the respondents thought it was “ Good ”(Table B10); 24.9% of the respondents thought the main disadvantage of the settings inside the buses was “ Announcement of the stops can’t be heard clearly ”, 20.5% of the respondents thought it was “ Seats are not enough ”, 13.3% of the respondents thought it was “ Unstable when parking ”, and 12.6% of the respondents thought it was “ There’s no air conditioner ”(Table B11).
B8 assessment of the Settings of the Bus Stations
Cumulative Frequency Percentage（%） Percentage（%）
Very 24 4.8 4.8 reasonable
Reasonable 185 37.0 41.8
Not bad 202 40.4 82.2
Not reasonable 78 15.6 97.8 enough
Very 11 2.2 100.0 unreasonable
Total 500 100.0
B9 Disadvantages of the Bus Stations’ Settings
Answers Questionnaire Percentag Percentage Frequency e
Spacing is too far away 62 7.2% 12.4% Disadvantages of the Bus Stations’ Spacing is too close 48 5.5% 9.6% Settings No stations where needed 76 8.8% 15.2%
195
Answers Questionnaire Percentag Percentage Frequency e
No warm facilities in winter 284 32.8% 56.8%
Marks of the stations are 83 9.6% 16.6% not visible enough
Platform is too small 56 6.5% 11.2%
Near a fast lane, dangerous 75 8.7% 15.0%
Platform is slippery in winter, people are easy to 181 20.9% 36.2% fall down
Total 100.0 865 173.0% %
B10 Assessment of the Settings inside the Buses at Present
Cumulative Frequency Percentage（%） Percentage（%）
Very good 12 2.4 2.4
Good 127 25.4 27.8
Not bad 274 54.8 82.6
A little bad 74 14.8 97.4
Much too 13 2.6 100.0 bad
Total 500 100.0
B11 Disadvantages of the Settings inside the Buses at Present
196
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Special seats for the old, the sick, the 92 9.8% 18.4% disabled, etc. are so few
Seats are not enough 192 20.5% 38.4%
Announcement of the stops cannot be heard 234 24.9% 46.8% clearly
Disadvantages of There is no air 118 12.6% 23.6% the Settings inside conditioner s the Buses Armrests are not safe 74 7.9% 14.8%
Inconvenient to get on 57 6.1% 11.4% or get off
Inconvenient to 23 2.5% 4.6% swiping card
Unstable when parking 125 13.3% 25.0%
Others 23 2.5% 4.6%
Total 938 100.0% 187.6%
4. Assessment of the current price of bus tickets, 88.4% of the respondents thought it was reasonable. (Figure B12)
197
5. Disadvantages of taking a bus and problems which buses need to be improved. 41.0% of the respondents thought the main disadvantage of taking a bus nowadays is “ Crowded ”, 23.1% of the respondents thought it was “ Not punctual ”, 21.9% of the respondents thought it was “ Consuming of time ”(Table B13); As for the problems which buses need to improved, 23.8% of the respondents thought it was “ Unreasonable car allocation ”, 17.9% of the respondents thought it was “ Bus-first awareness is weal”, 10.7% of the respondents thought it was “ Unreasonable routes ”, and 9.6% of the respondents thought it was “No air conditions”(Table B14). B13 Disadvantages of Taking a Bus at Present
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Crowded 361 41.0% 72.2%
Disadvantages Consuming 193 21.9% 38.6% of Taking a Bus of time
Not punctual 203 23.1% 40.6%
198
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Unsafe 51 5.8% 10.2%
Inconvenient 49 5.6% 9.8%
High price of 15 1.7% 3.0% the ticket
Others 8 0.9% 1.6%
Total 880 100.0% 176.0%
B14 Problems which Buses Need to Improve at Present
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Unreasonable 94 10.7% 18.8% routes
Unreasonable car 209 23.8% 41.8% allocation
Price of the ticket is 42 4.8% 8.4% too high
Bus network is 56 6.4% 11.2% Problems which unreasonable Buses Need to Transferring is Improve 67 7.6% 13.4% inconvenient
Stations’ facilities are 82 9.3% 16.4% weal
Bus-first awareness 157 17.9% 31.4% is weal
Unreasonable 68 7.7% 13.6% station allocation
199
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
There is no air 84 9.6% 16.8% conditioner
Others 20 2.3% 4.0%
Total 879 100.0% 175.8%
6. Problems existing in the streets of the city. 26.1% of the respondents thought the main problem of pavement in city was “ Cars occupy the pavement ”, 25.1% of the respondents thought it was “ Dirty and disordered ”, and 20.7% of the respondents thought it was “ Road is too narrow ”(Table B15); About the main problem existing in crossing the street at the crossroads, 16.8% of the respondents thought it was “ Green time is too short for the passengers to cross the street ”, 16.1% of the respondents thought it was “ Cars don’t yield to pedestrians ”, 14.1% of the respondents thought it was “ Waiting time of green light is too long ”, 13.0% of the respondents thought “ Passengers are too many to cross the streets entirely during the green time ”,12.1% of the respondents thought it was “ Traffic jams always happen when the traffic lights change, so that pedestrians are difficult to get across the crossroads ”(Table B16).
B15 Problems of Pavement in the City at Present
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Cars occupy the 205 26.1% 41.0% pavement Problems of Pavement Too narrow 162 20.7% 32.4%
Dirty and 197 25.1% 39.4% disordered 200
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Too many 83 10.6% 16.6% billboards
Slippery in 137 17.5% 27.4% winter
Total 784 100.0% 156.8%
B16 Main Problems of Crossing the Street at the Crossroads
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Time waiting for green light is 131 14.1% 26.2% too long
Green time is too short for the 156 16.8% 31.2% passengers to cross the street
Traffic jams always happen when the traffic lights change, 112 12.1% 22.4% so that pedestrians are difficult to get across the crossroads
Passengers are too many to Problems of the cross the streets entirely during 120 13.0% 24.0% Crossroads the green time
Cars run into the pavement 97 10.5% 19.4% during green time
Cars don’t yield to pedestrians 149 16.1% 29.8%
There’s no safety island in the 71 7.7% 14.2% middle of the road
Cars can rush in from every 90 9.7% 18.0% triangle
Total 926 100.0% 185.2%
C. Construction of the Corridors Prior for Buses
1. Attitude to the construction of the corridors prior for buses. About the necessity of constructing the bus dedicated channels in Harbin, 83.4% of the 201
respondents thought it was necessary (Figure C2); As for the attitude to the construction of bus dedicated channels, 84.8% of the respondents said they would support it. (Figure C3)
C2 Necessity of Constructing the Bus Dedicated Channels in Harbin
C3 Attitude to the construction of bus dedicated channels in Harbin
202
2. Suggestions on the construction of the corridors prior for buses. About the suggestions on solutions of traffic jams, 23.8% of the respondents thought we should “ Develop underground railway transportation ”, 21.4% of the respondents thought we should broaden the roads, 20.1% of the respondents thought we should give priority to development of bus transportation, 17.2% of the respondents claimed that we should take some restrictions on the private cars (Table C1). After the completion of the corridors prior for buses, 87.8% of the respondents thought the ticket price should stay the same (Figure C4); 59.4% of the respondents thought they would take the bus more often, 25.4% of the respondents thought the frequency for them to take a bus would not change (Figure C5). As for where to set up stops when the bus dedicated channels is established, 25.3% of the respondents tended to choose some place near the school, 20.9% of the respondents tended to choose some place in the center of the city (Table C6).
203
About the reasonable interval time in winter, 46.2% of the respondents thought it was within 5 minutes, 44.4% of the respondents thought it was 5-10 minutes; As for the interval time in rush hour in winter, 54.6% of the respondents thought it was within 5 minutes, 35.6% of the respondents thought it was 5-10 minutes (Table C7). About the appropriate time for the first bus after the corridors prior for buses are accomplished, 33.0% of the respondents thought it should be 5:30, 28.8% of the respondents thought it should be 5:00, and 26.2% of the respondents thought it should be 6:00 (Table C8.1); As for the time for the last bus, 30.8% of the respondents thought it should be 22:00, 22.4% of the respondents thought it should be 21:00, and 12.4% of the respondents thought it should be 23:00 (Table C8.2). For the items they cared about update buses, 43.0% cared about whether the cars use clean energy and whether the cars can reduce pollution emissions, 36.4% of the respondents cared about the carrying amount of the new buses (Figure C12).
C1 Solutions to the Traffic Jams at Present
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Broaden the roads 202 21.4% 40.4%
Take some restrictions on 163 17.2% 32.6% the private cars
Develop underground 225 23.8% 45.0% Solutions to railway transportation traffic jams Give priority to Development of bus 190 20.1% 38.0% Transportation
Set up more transferring center to make transferring 81 8.6% 16.2% more convenient
204
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Public bicycles 58 6.1% 11.6%
Have no solutions 13 1.4% 2.6%
Others 14 1.5% 2.8%
Total 946 100.0% 189.2%
C4 Acceptable change of Ticket Price after the Completion of the Corridors
Prior for Buses
C5 Change of frequency of taking a bus after the Completion of the Corridors Prior for Buses
205
se
C6 Where Ought to Set Bus Stops
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Near school 257 25.3% 51.4%
Near hospital 213 20.9% 42.6%
Near park 117 11.5% 23.4%
Center of the Where to Set Bus 169 16.6% 33.8% city Stops Near food 107 10.5% 21.4% market
Near 143 14.1% 28.6% shopping mall
Others 11 1.1% 2.2%
Total 1017 100.0% 203.4%
206
C7.1 Reasonable Interval Time of Buses in Winter
Cumulative Frequency Percentage（%） Percentage（%）
Within 5 minutes 231 46.2 46.2
5-10 minutes 222 44.4 90.6
11-15 minutes 27 5.4 96.0
16-20 minutes 9 1.8 97.8
21-25 minutes 11 2.2 100.0
Total 500 100.0
C7.2 Reasonable Interval Time in Rush Hour in Winter
Cumulative Frequency Percentage（%） Percentage（%）
Within 5 minutes 273 54.6 54.6
5-10 minutes 178 35.6 90.2
11-15 minutes 31 6.2 96.4
16-20 minutes 6 1.2 97.6
21-25 minutes 10 2.0 99.6
26-30 minutes 1 0.2 99.8
Above 30 minutes 1 0.2 100.0
Total 500 100.0
C8.1 Appropriate Time for the First Bus
207
Cumulative Frequency Percentage（%） Percentage（%）
3:30 4 0.8 0.8
4:00 8 1.6 2.4
4:30 13 2.6 5.0
5:00 144 28.8 33.8
5:30 165 33.0 66.8
5.3 1 0.2 67.0
6:00 131 26.2 93.2
6:30 13 2.6 95.8
7:00 21 4.2 100.0
总计 500 100.0
C8.2 Appropriate Time for the Last Bus
Cumulative Frequency Percentage（%） Percentage（%）
19:00 11 2.2 2.2
19:30 1 0.2 2.4
20:00 30 6.0 8.4
20:30 23 4.6 13.0
21:00 112 22.4 35.4
21:30 61 12.2 47.6
22:00 154 30.8 78.4
22:30 46 9.2 87.6
23:00 62 12.4 100.0
208
Cumulative Frequency Percentage（%） Percentage（%）
Total 500 100.0
C12 Items People Care about Update Buses
3. About the influence that the construction of corridors prior for buses will have, 28.6% of the respondents thought it would make traveling more convenient, 26.4% of them thought it could ease traffic pressure, 17.8% of the respondents thought it would increase the efficiency of traveling, 14.9% of them thought it would low-carbon environment protection (Table C9). After the completion of corridors prior for buses, 40.5% of the respondents worried that the ticket price would increase, 33.2% of the respondents worried that the corridors would take up the road and make the traffic become more crowded (Table C10).
C9 Positive Impact of the Construction of Corridors Prior for Buses
209
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
More convenient to travel 272 28.6% 54.4%
Ease the traffic pressure 251 26.4% 50.2%
Low-carbon environment 142 14.9% 28.4% Positive Impact of protection the Construction Increase the efficiency of 169 17.8% 33.8% of Corridors Prior traveling for Buses Bring more safe security 84 8.8% 16.8%
Increase employment 29 3.0% 5.8% opportunities and incomes
Others 4 .4% .8%
Total 951 100.0% 190.2%
C10 Worries about the Construction of Corridors Prior for Buses
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Ticket price will increase 261 40.5% 52.2%
Take up the road, and Worries about the make traffic more 214 33.2% 42.8% Construction of crowded Corridors Prior for Buses Stops are too less 155 24.1% 31.0%
Others 14 2.2% 2.8%
Total 644 100.0% 128.8%
4. Auxiliary of the construction for corridors prior for buses. About the crossing channels, 42.2% of the respondents chose “ Overpasses ”, 27.8% of the respondents chose “ Safety island through which we can across street directly ”, 19.8% of the respondents chose “ Underground passage ”, and 10.2% of the respondents chose “ Cross street directly ” (Figure C11). About 210
the buses’ hub station, 35.5% of the respondents thought it should be “Easy to identify, transferring time is short ”, 29.7% of the respondents cared about
“ Convenient to transfer indoor in winter ” (Table C15).
C11 The kind of Crossing Channels
C15 Things to Be Considered While Setting a Hub Station
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Convenient to transfer 204 29.7% 40.8% indoor in winter
Easy to identify, transferring 244 35.5% 48.8% time is short Hub station Have commercial facilities 133 19.4% 26.6%
Near the railway station 64 9.3% 12.8%
Others 42 6.1% 8.4%
Total 687 100.0% 137.4%
5. About the problems of the transport infrastructure in the city, most of the 211
people are strongly or somewhat expect to solve them. (Table C13) C13 Transport Infrastructure Problems
Strongly Somewhat A bit Not Does not matter, expect expect expect expect I don't know
Build the harbor-shaped bus stop 270/54% 116/23.2% 45/9.0% 9/1.8% 60/12.0%
Set temperature-adjusting facilities for different seasons at the bus 366/73.2% 110/22.0% 15/3.0% 3/0.6% 6/1.2% station
Set the countdown traffic lights 298/59.6% 128/25.6% 47/9.4% 10/2.0% 17/3.4%
Add some street lamps 261/52.2% 132/26.4% 57/11.4% 27/5.4% 23/4.6%
Add the parking spaces for motor 256/51.2% 126/25.2% 56/11.2% 28/5.6% 34/6.8% vehicles
Add traffic signs 284/56.8% 146/29.2% 44/8.8% 5/1.0% 21/4.2%
Using public transportation card as 291/58.2% 126/25.2% 37/7.4% 15/3.0% 31/6.2% the payment
Convenient recharging system for 310/62.0% 119/23.8% 41/8.2% 7/1.4% 23/4.6% public transportation cards
Add crossing channels 343/68.6% 110/22.0% 29/5.8% 6/1.2% 12/2.4%
Set non-motor vehicle lane, to make it separate from the motor 322/64.4% 123/24.6% 23/4.6% 5/1.0% 27/5.4% vehicle lane
Install electronic screens at the bus 305/61.0% 141/28.2% 26/5.2% 22/4.4% 22/4.4% station for live-traffic reports
Build special websites for the 292/58.4% 135/27.0% 36/7.2% 6/1.2% 31/6.2% public to know the bus information
More road greening 308/61.6% 134/26.8% 35/7.0% 6/1.2% 17/3.4%
Add more facilities and vehicles to 355/71.0% 116/23.2% 22/4.4% 3/0.6% 4/0.8% clean up the snow
Add more facilities and vehicles to 358/71.6% 116/23.2% 20/4.0% 1/0.2% 5/1.0% remove ice
Update the buses 323/64.6% 122/24.4% 35/7.0% 6/1.2% 14/2.8%
Improve the efficiency of the traffic 299/59.8% 146/29.2% 24/4.8% 8/1.6% 23/4.6% police
Improve the interior environment of 377/75.4% 87/17.4% 25/5.0% 2/0.4% 9/1.8% the buses and the bus station
212
D. Traffic Safety
1. Satisfaction for urban traffic safety. The number of “ Very satisfied ” respondents takes up 2.2%, 40.4% of the respondents were “ Somewhat satisfied ”, 12.6% of them were “ Dissatisfied”, and there’re 2.0% of them thought “ It’s hard to say ” (see figure D1).
D1 Satisfaction for Urban Traffic Safety
2. About the section where traffic accident frequently happens, 43.3% of the respondents thought it was “ Crossroad ”, 33.8% of the them thought it was “ Fork road ”, and 21.2% of them considered it to be “ At the junction of motor vehicles area and non-motor vehicles area” (Table D2).
D2 Section Where Traffic Accident Frequently Happens
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Crossroad 268 43.3% 53.6% What are the sections where
traffic accident frequently Fork road 209 33.8% 41.8%
213
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
happens? At the junction of motor vehicles area and non-motor 131 21.2% 26.2% vehicles area
Others 11 1.8% 2.2%
Total 619 100.0% 123.8%
3. Measures and effective way to improve the traffic safety situation. About the measures to improve the traffic safety situation, 45.1% of the respondents thought “ Should build more crossing channels/overpasses ”, 36.2% of them thought we should “ Design more reasonable crossroad ”, and 16.9% of the respondents thought “ More special lanes should be designed ” (Table D3). About the effective way to promote the propaganda of traffic safety, 39.5% of the respondents thought we should use “ Local radio and television stations, newspapers and other media ” to promote, 22.0% of the respondents thought we should “ Set up safety propaganda windows in crowded areas and something like that ” (Table D4).
D3 Measures to Improve the Traffic Safety Situation
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Design more special lanes 106 16.9% 21.2%
Design reasonable crossroad What are the Measures to 227 36.2% 45.4% Improve the Traffic Safety Build more crossing Situation 283 45.1% 56.6% channels/overpasses
Others 11 1.8% 2.2%
Total 627 100.0% 125.4%
214
D4 Effective Way to Promote the Propaganda of Traffic Safety
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Local radio and television stations, newspapers and 347 39.5% 69.4% other media
Special organization of the owners’ committee or the 89 10.1% 17.8% community
What are the effective ways Put up posters in the 74 8.4% 14.8% to promote the propaganda community of traffic safety? Distribute safety manuals to 131 14.9% 26.2% the residents
Set up safety propaganda windows in crowded areas 193 22.0% 38.6% and something like that
Establish training base 45 5.1% 9.0%
Total 879 100.0% 175.8%
4. In order to improve of traffic safety, there’re 10 problems need to be solved. About people’s attitude to the 10 problems, most people were strongly expecting or somewhat expecting them to be solved. (Table D5)
D5 Problems Need to be Solved to Improve Traffic Safety
Strongly Somewhat Does not matter, A bit expect Not expect expect expect I don't know
People’s awareness of 328/65.6% 128/25.6% 14/2.8% 26/5.2% 4/0.8% safety is weal.
Lack of traffic knowledge 308/61.6% 145/29.0% 16/3.2% 26/5.2% 5/1.0%
Vehicles run with 331/66.2% 115/23.0% 21/4.2% 29/5.8% 4/0.8% pedestrians
215
Strongly Somewhat Does not matter, A bit expect Not expect expect expect I don't know
Vehicles run disorderly 332/66.4% 108/21.6% 24/4.8% 31/6.2% 5/1.0% at the crossroad
Pedestrians break the 330/66.0% 109/21.8% 25/5.0% 31/6.2% 5/1.0% traffic light at random
Vehicles don’t run in the 320/64.0% 122/24.4% 24/4.8% 30/6.0% 4/0.8% specified lane
Vehicles run too fast 320/64.0% 108/21.6% 32/6.4% 32/6.4% 8/1.6%
Peddlers occupied some 293/58.6% 115/23.0% 43/8.6% 36/7.2% 13/2.6% road space
Traffic administration’s 298/59.6% 127/25.4% 32/6.4% 32/6.4% 11/2.2% poor regulation
Snow and ice cleaning is 331/66.2% 107/21.4% 21/4.2% 30/6.0% 11/2.2% not in time
E. Special Populations
1. Characteristics of the special populations’ families in this investigation (Table F1). F1 Special Populations
Frequency Percentage (%)
Families enjoying the minimum 2 3.2 living guarantee
Families with disabled persons 2 3.2
Families with old people 58 93.6 （above 60 years old）
The total 62 100.0
2. Families enjoying the minimum living guarantee need the urban transportation infrastructure to solve these problems (Table F2). Most people strongly expect or somewhat expect to solve these problems. F2 Problem Special Populations Need Urban Transportation Infrastructure to Solve (Families enjoying theminimum living guarantee) 216
Strongly Somewhat Not Does not matter, Families enjoying the A bit expect minimum living guarantee expect expect expect I don't know
The height of the platform should be the 1 1 0 0 0 same as the height of the vehicle’s floor
Set cross bars and lifting 1 1 0 0 0 loop handle
The blind tracks, barrier-free facilities and 1 1 0 0 0 emergency exits should be set up at the entrance
The cars and the stations should have 1 1 0 0 0 specific signs
Give them subsidies if 1 1 0 0 0 the ticket price increased
Set up more special seats for the old, the weak, the sick, the 1 1 0 0 0 crippled and the pregnant
Give drivers more safety education to avoid the 1 1 0 0 0 urgent start or brake
Others 1 1 0 0 0
3. Families with disabled persons need the urban transportation infrastructure to solve these problems (Table F3). Most people strongly expect or somewhat expect to solve these problems. F3 Problem Special Populations Need Urban Transportation Infrastructure to Solve (Families with Disabled Persons)
Families with Strongly Somewhat Not Does not matter, A bit expect Disabled Persons expect expect expect I don't know
217
Families with Strongly Somewhat Not Does not matter, A bit expect Disabled Persons expect expect expect I don't know
The height of the platform should be the same as the 1 0 1 0 0 height of the vehicle’s floor
Set cross bars and 2 0 0 0 0 lifting loop handle
The blind tracks, barrier-free facilities and emergency exits 2 0 0 0 0 should be set up at the entrance
The cars and the stations should have 0 1 1 0 0 specific signs
Give them subsidies if the ticket price 0 1 0 0 1 increased
Set up more special seats for the old, the weak, the sick, the 1 0 0 0 1 crippled and the pregnant
Give drivers more safety education to 1 0 0 0 1 avoid the urgent start or brake
Others 0 0 0 0 0
4. Families with old people need the urban transportation infrastructure to solve these problems (Table F4). Most people strongly expect or somewhat expect to solve these problems. F3 Problem Special Populations Need Urban Transportation Infrastructure to Solve (Families with Old People)
218
Strongly Somewhat Not Does not matter, Families with Old People A bit expect expect expect expect I don't know
The height of the platform should be the 39 12 2 1 4 same as the height of the vehicle’s floor
Set cross bars and lifting 40 12 3 1 2 loop handle
The blind tracks, barrier-free facilities and 38 12 3 1 4 emergency exits should be set up at the entrance
The cars and the stations should have 41 9 4 1 2 specific signs
Give them subsidies if 34 16 2 1 5 the ticket price increased
Set up more special seats for the old, the weak, the sick, the 42 13 1 1 1 crippled and the pregnant
Give drivers more safety education to avoid the 46 11 1 0 0 urgent start or brake
Others 16 6 0 0 9
F. Basic Information of the Respondents in the Investigation
1. Age structure. The number of people under 20 years old takes up 11.6%, the number of people between 21 to 60 years old takes up 77.2% and the number of people above 60 years old takes up 11.2% (see E1.1). E1.1 Age
Cumulative Frequency Percentage（%） Percentage（%）
11-20 58 11.6 11.6
219
Cumulative Frequency Percentage（%） Percentage（%）
21-30 178 35.6 47.2
31-40 96 19.2 66.4
41-50 77 15.4 81.8
51-60 35 7.0 88.8
61-70 34 6.8 95.6
Above 70 22 4.4 100.0
Total 500 100.0
2. The family size of the respondents. 2.6% of the respondents have 1-person family, 14.2% of the respondents have 2-person family, 54.0% of the respondents have 3-person family, 19.2% of the respondents have 4-person family, 7.0% of the respondents have 5-person family, and 3.0% of the respondents have a family with more than 6 persons. (Table E1.2) E1.2 Family Size of the Respondents
Cumulative Frequency Percentage（%） Percentage（%）
1 13 2.6 2.6
2 71 14.2 16.8
3 270 54.0 70.8
4 96 19.2 90.0
5 35 7.0 97.0
6 10 2.0 99.0
7 1 0.2 99.2
9 1 0.2 99.4
10 1 0.2 99.6
220
Cumulative Frequency Percentage（%） Percentage（%）
Above 10 2 0.4 100.0
Total 500 100.0
3. Gender structure of the respondents. Among the respondents, Among the respondents, 45.8% of the them are male, 54.2% of the them are female. (Table E2) The female is a little more than the male.
E2 Gender Structure
4. The level of education of the respondents. 52.2% of the respondents have college or above education, 30.4% of the respondents have high school or technical school education, 13.6% of the respondents have junior high school education, 3.0% of the respondents have just a primary school education and 0.8% of the respondents are illiterate. (Table E3)
221
E3 Level of Education
60.00%
5. The Nationalities of the respondents. Among the respondents, the Han Nationality accounts for 91.8%, minorities accounted for 8.2%. (Table E4)
E4 Nationalities
6. Career structure of the respondents. E5 Career Structure
Frequency Percentage
222
Frequency Percentage
State organs and 55 11.0 institutions staff
Enterprise staff 111 22.2
Farmers 7 1.4
Self-employed persons 95 19.0
Freelancers 62 12.4
The unemployed 13 2.6
Students 75 15.0
The retired 54 10.8
Others 28 5.6
Total 500 100.0
7. The monthly income of the respondents’ family. Most of the families’ monthly income is below 10000 yuan, which take up 73.4% in all, and they are also the main part of the people who used to go out by bus. E6 Family’s Monthly Income
Frequently Percentage Cumulative percentage
Below 10000 yuan 367 73.4 73.4
10001-40000 yuan 30 6.0 79.4
40001-60000 yuan 67 13.4 92.8
60001-100000 yuan 23 4.6 97.4
Above 100,000 yuan 13 2.6 100.0
Total 500 100.0
8. The respondents who hold the driving licenses and have private cars.
223
Among the respondents, 34.0% of them hold the driving licenses, and 66.0% of them do not (Figure E7); 26.6% of them have private cars, and 73.4% of them do not (Figure E8); there’re 73.8% of the respondents don’t drive, who are the main part of the people who used to take a bus.(Figure E10) E7 Licenses
E8 Whether the Respondents Have a Private Car
E10 Whether the Respondents Usually Drive a Car
224
Investigation Report to the Taxi Drivers in Harbin
1. Problems of Road and Traffic
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Snow and ice cleaning is not 11 2.4% 36.7% in time
Problems of Road and Traffic jams in rush hour 30 6.6% 100.0% Traffic Some roads are too narrow, and need to be improved or 13 2.9% 43.3% expanded
225
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
The crossing channels such as overpasses and 30 6.6% 100.0% underground passages are not enough
Lack of traffic signs and 22 4.9% 73.3% markings
Pedestrians, buses ad cars 30 6.6% 100.0% grab road with each
Vehicles run haphazard at 12 2.7% 40.0% the intersection
Parking facilities are inadequate, public parking 29 6.4% 96.7% lots are insufficient
Illegal parking along roadside 27 6.0% 90.0% is serious
Vehicles run too fast 15 3.3% 50.0%
Vehicles haphazard change 28 6.2% 93.3% lanes, start or turn
Vehicles don’t obey the 11 2.4% 36.7% instructions of traffic lights
Bicycles, electric cars and motorcycles randomly run 25 5.5% 83.3% through
Pedestrians break the traffic 30 6.6% 100.0% light at random
Pedestrians cross street 26 5.8% 86.7% randomly
There’s lack of safety island 3 0.7% 10.0% in broader section
Peddlers occupied some 28 6.2% 93.3% road space
Traffic administration’s poor 26 5.8% 86.7% regulation
People’s awareness of safety 26 5.8% 86.7% is weal.
226
Answers Questionnaire Percentage Frequency Percentage
Lack of traffic knowledge 28 6.2% 93.3%
Are there others? 2 0.4% 6.7%
Total 452 100.0% 1506.7%
2. What are the measures to improve the traffic situation? 2.1
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 1 3.3
Necessary 10 33.3
Somewhat 18 60.0 necessary
Does not matter, I 1 3.3 don't know
Total 30 100.0
2.2
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 4 13.3
Necessary 2 6.7
Somewhat 23 76.7 necessary
Does not matter, I 1 3.3 don't know
Total 30 100.0
2.3
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 20 66.7
227
Frequency Percentage （%）
Necessary 5 16.7
Somewhat 4 13.3 necessary
It does’t matter, 1 3.3 I don’t know.
Total 30 100.0
2.4
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 20 66.7
Necessary 5 16.7
Somewhat 4 13.3 necessary
It doesn’t matter, 1 3.3 I don’t know.
Total 30 100.0
2.5
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 10 33.3
Necessary 7 23.3
Somewhat 12 40.0 necessary
Does not matter, I 1 3.3 don't know
Total 30 100.0
2.6
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 24 80.0
Necessary 2 6.7
228
Frequency Percentage （%）
Somewhat 3 10.0 necessary
It doesn’t matter, 1 3.3 I don’t know.
Total 30 100.0
2.7
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 22 73.3
Necessary 5 16.7
Somewhat 2 6.7 necessary
Does not matter, I 1 3.3 don't know
Total 30 100.0
2.8
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 16 53.3
Necessary 10 33.3
Somewhat 2 6.7 necessary
Unnecessary 1 3.3
Does not matter, I 1 3.3 don't know
Total 30 100.0
2.9
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 21 70.0
Necessary 3 10.0
229
Frequency Percentage （%）
Somewhat 5 16.7 necessary
Does not matter, I 1 3.3 don't know
Total 30 100.0
2.10
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 11 36.7
Necessary 5 16.7
Somewhat 5 16.7 necessary
Does not matter, I 9 30.0 don't know
Total 30 100.0
2.11
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 24 80.0
Necessary 3 10.0
Somewhat 1 3.3 necessary
Unnecessary 1 3.3
Does not matter, I 1 3.3 don't know
Total 30 100.0
2.12
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 27 90.0
Somewhat 1 3.3 necessary
230
Frequency Percentage （%）
Does not matter, I 2 6.7 don't know
Total 30 100.0
2.13
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 27 90.0
Does not matter, I 3 10.0 don't know
Total 30 100.0
2.14
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 18 60.0
Necessary 8 26.7
Somewhat 3 10.0 necessary
Does not matter, I 1 3.3 don't know
Total 30 100.0
2.15
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 22 73.3
Necessary 5 16.7
Somewhat 2 6.7 necessary
Does not matter, I 1 3.3 don't know
Total 30 100.0
231
2.16
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 15 50.0
Necessary 9 30.0
Somewhat 5 16.7 necessary
Does not matter, I 1 3.3 don't know
Total 30 100.0
2.17
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 14 46.7
Necessary 11 36.7
Somewhat 4 13.3 necessary
Does not matter, I 1 3.3 don't know
Total 30 100.0
2.18
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 9 30.0
Necessary 9 30.0
Somewhat 11 36.7 necessary
Does not matter, I 1 3.3 don't know
Total 30 100.0
2.19
Frequency Percentage （%）
232
Frequency Percentage （%）
Very necessary 11 36.7
Necessary 6 20.0
Somewhat 10 33.3 necessary
Does not matter, I 3 10.0 don't know
Total 30 100.0
3. Will it make any Impact on Taxis to Set Specified Bus Lane?
Frequency Percentage （%）
Make taxi driving more 16 53.3 difficult
Nearly no impact 7 23.3
Make taxi driving more 7 23.3 smoothly
Total 30 100.0
4. Will it make any impact on taxi passengers way to travel, when the situation of public transportation have been improved?
Frequency Percentage （%）
Almost the same 19 63.3 as before
More passengers 11 36.7
Total 30 100.0
233
5. Will it make any impact on taxi passengers way to travel, when the situation of public transportation have been improved?
Frequency Percentage （%）
Less passengers, and the 1 3.3 revenue will decrease
Almost the same income as 18 60.0 before
Running effectively increases, 11 36.7 and the revenue will increase
Total 30 100.0
Investigation Report of the Traffic Police
A. Basic Information of the Traffic Police Investigation
1. Current situation of the public transportation in Harbin. 80% of the respondents thought it was “Very good ”, and 20% of the respondents thought it was “ Almost good ”. (Figure J1)
J1 What Do You Think of the Status of Public Transport in Harbin?
100.00%
2. The main problems of the public transport in Harbin. 20.1% of the traffic 234
police thought it was “Snow and ice cleaning is not in time”, 16.8% of the traffic police thought it was “Pedestrians, buses and cars grab road with each other”, 12.8% of the traffic police thought it was “ Traffic jams in rush hour ”, and 12.1% of the traffic police thought it was “ Vehicles haphazard change lanes, start or turn ”.(Table J12) J2 What Do You Think are the Main Problems of the Public Transport in Harbin?
Answers Questionnaire
Frequency Percentage Percentage Snow and ice cleaning is not 30 20.1% 100.0% in time
Traffic jams in rush hour 19 12.8% 63.3% Pedestrians, buses ad cars 25 16.8% 83.3% grab road with each
Vehicles run haphazard at 3 2.0% 10.0% the intersection
Illegal parking always 13 8.7% 43.3% happens
Vehicles run too fast 5 3.4% 16.7% Vehicles haphazard change The main problems of 18 12.1% 60.0% lanes, start or turn the public transport Vehicles do not obey the 9 6.0% 30.0% instructions of traffic lights
Bicycles, electric cars and
motorcycles randomly run 16 10.7% 53.3% through
Pedestrians break the traffic 5 3.4% 16.7% light at random
Pedestrians cross street 1 0.7% 3.3% randomly
Traffic Incidents happen 5 3.4% 16.7% frequently
Total 149 100.0% 496.7%
3. Main reasons for the public transport problems. 16.0% of the traffic
235
police thought it was “ Lack of snowplow ”, 13.9% of the traffic police thought it was “ Lack of traffic signs ”, the traffic police who thought it was “ Roads are inadequate ” and those who thought it was “ Bus routes are unreasonable ” take up 11.1% in all. J3 What do you Think are the Main Reasons for he Public Transport Problems?
Answers Questionnaire Frequency Percentage Percentage
Lack of snowplow 23 16.0% 76.7%
Roads are inadequate 16 11.1% 53.3%
Vehicles for public transport 8 5.6% 26.7% is inadequate
Bus routes are unreasonable 16 11.1% 53.3%
Crossing channels such as overpasses and underground 14 9.7% 46.7% passages are inadequate
Channels to bus stop 6 4.2% 20.0% platform are not good enough
Traffic propaganda is not enough, people is short of Main reasons for the public traffic knowledge, and the 13 9.0% 43.3% transport problems awareness of traffic safety is weal
Management is poor 8 5.6% 26.7%
Lack of traffic signs 20 13.9% 66.7%
Parking facilities are inadequate, public parking 11 7.6% 36.7% lots are insufficient
Road scheduling system is backward, road diversion 3 2.1% 10.0% capacity is weak
Peddlers occupied some 6 4.2% 20.0% road space
Total 144 100.0% 480.0%
236
4. Sections where road accidents happen frequently. 46.7% of the traffic police thought the accidents often happen “ At the fork road ”, 26.7% of the traffic police thought the accidents often happen “ At the crossroad ”, 26.7% of the traffic police thought the accidents often happen “ At the junction of motor vehicle area and non-motor vehicle area ”. J4 Where Do You Think is the Sections Where Accidents Happen Frequently?
Answers Questionnaire Frequency Percentage Percentage
At the crossroad 8 26.7% 26.7%
Sections where At the fork road 14 46.7% 46.7% road accidents At the junction of motor happen frequently vehicle area and 8 26.7% 26.7% non-motor vehicle area
Total 30 100.0% 100.0%
5. Necessity of improving the traffic status. J5 Do You Think the Measures as Follows are Necessary to Improve the Traffic Status? J5.1 Set more specified bus lanes.
J5.2 Set more specified non-motor lanes.
237
J5.3 Set pedestrians’ crossing channels.
J5.4 Set safety islands at the broader sections
J5.5 Forbid peddlers selling goods on the road 238
70.00%
J5.6 Set the countdown traffic lights.
J5.7 Broaden the road or add more road in the narrow sections.
0%
J5.8 Increase motor vehicles’ parking spaces. 239
J5.9 Limit the number of private cars on the road.
J5.10 Set up road signs and other traffic signs.
J5.11 Set more overpasses and underground passages. 240
J5.12 Install buses and taxis with vehicle navigation device, in order to broadcast real-time status.
J5.13 Quick snow plowing facilities and vehicle
J5.14 Deicing facilities and vehicles 241
J5.15 Efficiency of traffic police to get out of the police station.
J5.16 Enhanced enforcement of traffic rules and regulations
70.00%
J5.17 Enhance punishment for the acts of violates traffic laws and regulations. 242
J5.18 Establish traffic safety education base
6. Population who need safety education. 31.1% of the traffic police thought they were “ Bus drivers ”, 30.0% of the traffic police thought they were “ Private car drivers ”, and 27.8%of the traffic police thought they were “ Taxi drivers ”. J6 Population Who Need Safety Education
Answers Questionnaire
Frequency Percentage percentage
Private car drivers 27 30.0% 90.0%
Bus drivers 28 31.1% 93.3% Population Who Need Traffic Taxi drivers 25 27.8% 83.3% Safety Education Motor bicycle or motor 7 7.8% 23.3% car drivers 243
Answers Questionnaire
Frequency Percentage percentage
Bicycle riders 1 1.1% 3.3%
Migrant workers 1 1.1% 3.3%
Migrant population 1 1.1% 3.3%
Total 90 100.0% 300.0%
7. Effective way to publicize traffic safety. 31.1% of the traffic police thought we should take advantage of “ Local radio and television stations, newspapers and other media ”, 27.8% of the traffic police thought it should be “Special organization of the owners’ committee or the community ”, 15.6% of the traffic police thought we should “ Put up posters in the community ”, and 14.4% of the traffic police thought we should “ Set up safety propaganda windows in crowded areas and something like that ”. J7 Effective Way to Publicize Traffic Safety
Answers Questionnaire Frequency Percentage percentage Local radio and television stations, 28 31.1% 93.3% newspapers and other media
Special organization of the owners’ 25 27.8% 83.3% committee or the community
Put up posters in the community Effective way to 14 15.6% 46.7% publicize traffic Distribute safety manuals to the 1 1.1% 3.3% safety residents
Set up safety propaganda windows
in crowded areas and something 13 14.4% 43.3% like that
Establish training base 9 10.0% 30.0%
Total 90 100.0% 300.0%
8. Is the traffic signal system in Harbin good enough? 92.0% of the traffic police thought it was not. J8 Is the Traffic Signal System in Harbin Good Enough?
244
Frequency Percentage （%）
Good enough 30 100.0
9. Is it necessary to improve the public transport in Harbin? 100.0% of the traffic police thought it was “ Very necessary ”. J9 Is it necessary to improve the public transport in Harbin?
120.00%
10. Measures helpful to improve public transport in Harbin. 20.0% of the traffic police thought it should be “ Add more bus stops ”, 17.6% of the traffic police thought it should be “ Enhance the connection of transferring bus lines ”, 17.6% of the traffic police thought it should be “ Improve the facilities in waiting area of bus stations ”, and 11.2% of the traffic police thought it should be “ Add more bus routes ”. J10 Measures helpful to improve public transport in Harbin
Answers Questionnaire Frequency Percentage percentage
Add more bus stops 25 20.0% 83.3%
Add more bus routes 14 11.2% 46.7% Enhance the connection of Measures helpful to 22 17.6% 73.3% transferring bus lines improve public transport Add more public service 7 5.6% 23.3% vehicles
Improve bus punctuality 11 8.8% 36.7%
245
Answers Questionnaire Frequency Percentage percentage Improve the facilities in 22 17.6% 73.3% waiting area of bus stations
Add more bus switch 3 2.4% 10.0% channels
Maintain and clean the bus 12 9.6% 40.0% better
Improve the connection
between bus and other 9 7.2% 30.0% transportation
Total 125 100.0% 416.7%
Investigation Report of the Bus Drivers in Harbin
G1: What do you think are the main problems in the process of driving? Please sort them.
Frequency Percentage （%）
Icy road surface in winter 13 61.9
Intelligence degree of the current bus stops is not good enough，and can hardly meet the demand of passengers’ 7 33.3 inquiry, which increase the First drivers’ workload, and finally decrease the efficiency of bus service
Lack of safety security facilities and warning signs 1 4.8 near the stops
Total 21 100.0
Frequency Percentage （%）
Lack of specific bus lanes 1 4.8
Second Vehicles run haphazard at 3 14.3 the fork road
246
Frequency Percentage （%） Lack of bus stations or the 3 14.3 platform is too small
Other social cars run too fast 5 23.8 Other social cars haphazard 1 4.8 change lanes, start or turn
Park haphazard at the 1 4.8 roadside
Bicycles, electric cars and
motorcycles haphazard run 1 4.8 through
Difficult for the disable to inquiry information, get 6 28.6 on/off, which affect buses’ running
Total 21 100.0
Frequency Percentage （%）
Intelligence degree of the current bus stops is not good enough，and can hardly meet the demand of passengers’ 7 33.3 inquiry, which increase the drivers’ workload, and finally decrease the efficiency of bus service
Roads or some parts of them 3 14.3 are too narrow Third Buses and their facilities are 2 9.5 outdated
Difficult for buses to stop at 6 28.6 the bus station site
Other social cars haphazard 1 4.8 change lanes, start or turn
Pedestrians cross randomly 1 4.8
Peddlers occupy road space 1 4.8
Total 21 100.0
247
Frequency Percentage （%）
Icy road surface in winter 8 38.1
Intelligence degree of the current bus stops is not good enough，and can hardly meet the demand of passengers’ 5 23.8 inquiry, which increase the drivers’ workload, and finally decrease the efficiency of Fourth bus service
Roads or some parts of them 6 28.6 are too narrow
Traffic signal system is not 1 4.8 good enough
Lack of traffic signs 1 4.8
Total 21 100.0
Frequency Percentage （%）
Roads or some parts of them 2 9.5 are too narrow
Lack of specific bus lanes 5 23.8
Traffic signal system is not 1 4.8 good enough
Vehicles run haphazard at 2 9.5 the fork road
Lack of warm facilities at bus 6 28.6 Fifth Facilities in the bus parking-maintaining field is 1 4.8 outdated, and the service capacity is insufficient
Other social cars haphazard 3 14.3 change lanes, start or turn
Park haphazard at the 1 4.8 roadside
Total 21 100.0
248
Frequency Percentage （%）
Roads or some parts of them 7 33.3 are too narrow
Lack of specific bus lanes 2 9.5
Traffic signal system is not 5 23.8 good enough
Facilities in the bus parking-maintaining field is 1 4.8 outdated, and the service Sixth capacity is insufficient
Other social cars run too fast 1 4.8
Park haphazard at the 1 4.8 roadside
Pedestrians cross street 2 9.5 randomly
Pedestrians run red lights 2 9.5
Total 21 100.0
Frequency Percentage （%）
Intelligence degree of the current bus stops is not good enough，and can hardly meet the demand of passengers’ 2 9.5 Seventh inquiry, which increase the drivers’ workload, and finally decrease the efficiency of bus service
Lack of specific bus lanes 6 28.6
249
Frequency Percentage （%）
Traffic signal system is not 1 4.8 good enough
Lack of traffic signs 6 28.6
Lack of safety security facilities and warning signals 3 14.3 near the bus station
Other social cars run too fast 1 4.8
Park haphazard at roadside 1 4.8
Pedestrians run red lights 1 4.8
Total 21 100.0
Frequency Percentage （%）
Roads or some parts of them 1 4.8 are too narrow
Lack of specific bus lanes 1 4.8
Vehicles run haphazard at 5 23.8 fork road
Buses and their facilities are 2 9.5 outdated
Difficult for buses to stop at 1 4.8 the station site Eighth Pedestrians run red lights 5 23.8
Pedestrians walk on the motor-vehicle lane instead of 1 4.8 the pavement
Bicycles, motor bicycles, and motor cars run through the 4 19.0 car stream randomly
Others 1 4.8
Total 21 100.0
Frequency Percentage （%）
Ninth Lack of traffic signs 1 4.8
250
Frequency Percentage （%）
Buses and their facilities are 6 28.6 outdated
Difficult for buses to stop at 3 14.3 the station site
Facilities in the bus parking-maintaining field is 1 4.8 outdated, and the service capacity is insufficient
Other social cars run too fast 7 33.3
Pedestrians cross street 1 4.8 randomly
Pedestrians walk on the motor-vehicle lane instead of 2 9.5 the pavement
Total 21 100.0
Frequency Percentage （%）
Lack of specific bus lanes 1 4.8
Traffic signal system is not 5 23.8 good enough
Vehicles run haphazard at 1 4.8 fork road
Lack of bus stations or 5 23.8 stations are too small
Lack of warm facilities at bus 2 9.5
Tenth Pedestrians cross street 2 9.5 randomly
Pedestrians run red lights 1 4.8
Pedestrians walk on the motor-vehicle lane instead of 1 4.8 the pavement
Passengers rush on the bus 3 14.3 before it stop wholly
Total 21 100.0
251
Frequency Valid Percent
Roads or some parts of them 2 9.5 are too narrow
Lack of specific bus lanes 2 9.5
Traffic signal system is not 2 9.5 good enough
Lack of traffic signs 1 4.8
Buses and their facilities are 1 4.8 outdated
Lack of bus stations or 1 4.8 stations are too small Eleventh Lack of safety security facilities and warning signals 5 23.8 near the bus station
Facilities in the bus parking-maintaining field is 5 23.8 outdated, and the service capacity is insufficient
Bicycles, motor bicycles, and motor bicycles run through 2 9.5 car streams randomly
Total 21 100.0
Frequency Valid Percent
Traffic signal system is not 1 4.8 good enough
Lack of bus stations or 2 9.5 stations are too small
Lack of safety security Twelfth facilities and warning signals 1 4.8 near the bus station
Lack of warm facilities at bus 5 23.8
Other social cars haphazard 1 4.8 change lanes, start and turn
252
Frequency Valid Percent
Pedestrians run red lights 1 4.8
Pedestrians walk on the motor-vehicle lane instead of 7 33.3 the pavement
Passengers rush on the bus 2 9.5 before it stop wholly
Bicycles, motor bicycles, and motor bicycles run through 1 4.8 car streams randomly
Total 21 100.0
Frequency Valid Percent
Traffic signal system is not 1 4.8 good enough
Lack of traffic signs 1 4.8
Lack of safety security facilities and warning signals 2 9.5 near the bus station
Lack of warm facilities at bus 1 4.8
Facilities in the bus parking-maintaining field is Thirteenth 5 23.8 outdated, and the service capacity is insufficient
Pedestrians walk on the motor-vehicle lane instead of 2 9.5 the pavement
Passengers rush on the bus 8 38.1 before it stop wholly
Others 1 4.8
Total 21 100.0
Frequency Percentage （%）
Vehicles run haphazard at Fourteenth 1 4.8 fork road
253
Frequency Percentage （%）
Facilities in the bus parking-maintaining field is 2 9.5 outdated, and the service capacity is insufficient
Other social cars haphazard 5 23.8 change lanes, start and turn
Park haphazard at roadside 7 33.3
Pedestrians cross street 1 4.8 randomly
Pedestrians run red lights 3 14.3
Pedestrians walk on the motor-vehicle lane instead of 1 4.8 the pavement
Passengers rush on the bus 1 4.8 before it stop wholly
Tota 21 100.0
Frequency Percentage （%）
Lack of specific bus lanes 2 9.5
Lack of traffic signs 4 19.0
Buses and their facilities are 1 4.8 outdated
Lack of safety security facilities and warning signals 5 23.8 near the bus station
Difficult for buses to stop at Fifteenth 2 9.5 the station sites
Park haphazard at roadside 5 23.8
Pedestrians cross street 1 4.8 randomly
Pedestrians walk on the motor-vehicle lane instead of 1 4.8 the pavement
Total 21 100.0
254
Frequency Percentage （%）
Traffic signal system is not 4 19.0 good enough
Vehicles run haphazard at 7 33.3 fork road
Buses and their facilities are 1 4.8 outdated
Lack of warm facilities at bus 1 4.8 Sixteenth Other social cars run too fast 1 4.8
Pedestrians cross street 5 23.8 randomly
Pedestrians run red lights 1 4.8
Passengers rush on the bus 1 4.8 before it stop wholly
Total 21 100.0
Frequency Percentage （%）
Vehicles run haphazard at 1 4.8 fork road
Lack of bus stations or 3 14.3 stations are too small
Difficult for buses to stop at 1 4.8 the station sites
Lack of warm facilities at bus 1 4.8
Facilities in the bus
Seventeenth parking-maintaining field is 2 9.5 outdated, and the service capacity is insufficient
Other social cars run too fast 1 4.8
Pedestrians cross street 5 23.8 randomly
Pedestrians run red lights 6 28.6
Peddlers occupy road space 1 4.8
Total 21 100.0
255
Frequency Percentage （%）
Lack of traffic signs 5 23.8
Buses and their facilities are 1 4.8 outdated
Lack of safety security facilities and warning signals 3 14.3 near the bus station
Lack of warm facilities at bus 1 4.8
Facilities in the bus parking-maintaining field is 2 9.5 outdated, and the service capacity is insufficient Eighteenth Other social cars run too fast 2 9.5
Other social cars haphazard 1 4.8 change lanes, start and turn
Pedestrians walk on the motor-vehicle lane instead of 5 23.8 the pavement
Difficult for the disabled to inquiry information or get 1 4.8 on/off, which effect the efficiency of buses’ running
Total 21 100.0
Frequency Percentage （%）
Lack of bus stations or 6 28.6 stations are too small
Difficult for buses to stop at 2 9.5 the station sites
Facilities in the bus parking-maintaining field is Nineteenth 1 4.8 outdated, and the service capacity is insufficient
Other social cars run too fast 1 4.8
Other social cars haphazard 3 14.3 change lanes, start and turn
Park haphazard at roadside 1 4.8
256
Frequency Percentage （%）
Pedestrians walk on the motor-vehicle lane instead of 1 4.8 the pavement
Passengers rush on the bus 5 23.8 before it stop wholly
Bicycles, motorcycles, and motor cars run through car 1 4.8 streams haphazard
Total 21 100.0
Frequency Percentage （%）
Lack of specific bus lanes 1 4.8
Lack of traffic signs 2 9.5
Vehicles run haphazard at 1 4.8 fork road
Buses and their facilities are 7 33.3 outdated
Lack of station or stations are 1 4.8 too small
Difficult for bus to stop at the Twentieth 5 23.8 station sites
Other social cars run too fast 1 4.8
Other social cars change lane, start and turn 1 4.8 haphazard
Park haphazard at roadside 1 4.8
Pedestrians cross street 1 4.8 randomly
Total 21 100.0
Frequency Percentage （%）
Lack of safety security or Twenty-first warning signs near the 1 4.8 platform of the station
257
Frequency Percentage （%）
Lack of warm facilities at bus 2 9.5
Other social cars run too fast 1 4.8
Other social cars change lane, start and turn 5 23.8 haphazard
Park haphazard at roadside 3 14.3
Pedestrians cross street 1 4.8 randomly
Passengers rush on the bus 1 4.8 before it stop wholly
Bicycles, motorcycles, and motor cars run through car 6 28.6 streams haphazard
Peddlers occupy road space 1 4.8
Total 21 100.0
Frequency Percentage （%）
Lack of warm facilities at bus 1 4.8
Facilities in the buses’ parking-maintaining field are 1 4.8 outdated, and the service capacity is insufficient
Pedestrians cross street Twenty-second 1 4.8 randomly
Bicycles, motorcycles, and motor cars run through car 1 4.8 streams haphazard
Peddlers occupy road space 17 81.0
Total 21 100.0
Frequency Percentage （%）
Lack of warm facilities at bus 1 4.8 Twenty-third Pedestrians run red light 1 4.8
258
Frequency Percentage （%）
Bicycles, motorcycles, and motor cars run through car 5 23.8 streams haphazard
Peddlers occupy road space 1 4.8
Difficult for the disabled to inquiry information or get 13 61.9 on/off, which effect the efficiency of buses’ running
Total 21 100.0
Frequency Percentage （%）
Difficult for buses to stop at 1 4.8 the station sites
Difficult for the disabled to
Twenty- inquiry information or get 1 4.8 fourth on/off, which effect the efficiency of buses’ running
Others 19 90.5
Total 21 100.0
G2 Possible Reasons for Traffic Accidents in Harbin
Answers Questionnaire
Frequency Percentage percentage Snow and ice cleaning is not 15 6.3% 71.4% in time
Traffic jams in rush hour 10 4.2% 47.6%
Reasons for traffic Roads or some part of the 16 6.8% 76.2% accidents roads are too narrow
Lack of specific bus lanes 21 8.9% 100.0%
Traffic signal system is not 8 3.4% 38.1% good enough 259
Answers Questionnaire
Frequency Percentage percentage
Lack of traffic signs 2 0.8% 9.5%
Vehicles run haphazard at 9 3.8% 42.9% fork road
Buses and their facilities are 12 5.1% 57.1% outdated
Lack of bus stations or 11 4.6% 52.4% stations are too small
Lack of safety security or warning signs around the 15 6.3% 71.4% stations
Difficult for buses to stop at 14 5.9% 66.7% the station sites
Lack of warm facilities at 1 0.4% 4.8% station in winter
Facilities in the buses’ parking-maintaining field are 5 2.1% 23.8% outdated, and the service capacity is insufficient
Drivers drive too fast 7 3.0% 33.3%
Drivers haphazard change 10 4.2% 47.6% lanes, start and turn
Park haphazard at roadside 15 6.3% 71.4%
Pedestrians cross street 16 6.8% 76.2% randomly
Pedestrians run red lights 21 8.9% 100.0%
Pedestrians walk on the motor-vehicle lanes instead 5 2.1% 23.8% of pavements
Passengers rush on the bus 7 3.0% 33.3% before it stop wholly
Bicycles, motorcycle, or motor cars run through car 10 4.2% 47.6% streams randomly
Peddlers occupy road space 7 3.0% 33.3%
Total 237 100.0% 1128.6%
260
G3 Useful Ways to Reduce Public Traffic Accidents in Harbin
Answers Questionnaire Frequency Percentage percentage
Add more snowplows 5 3.2% 23.8%
Construct more roads or 16 10.2% 76.2% expand them
Add more specific bus lanes 21 13.4% 100.0%
Change the way that traffic 10 6.4% 47.6% lights system works
Add more pavements and 5 3.2% 23.8% non-motor vehicle lanes
Add more overpasses and underpasses in heavy traffic 18 11.5% 85.7% areas
Construct bay-shaped bus 16 10.2% 76.2% station Useful ways to reduce public Set safety security facilities traffic accidents in Harbin and warning signs near bus 16 10.2% 76.2% stations
Replace the old buses with the energy-security, 10 6.4% 47.6% environmental-protection buses
Enhance the safety training and education for bus 20 12.7% 95.2% drivers, cars drivers and pedestrians
Add more vehicle parking lots 5 3.2% 23.8%
Enhanced enforcement of 14 8.9% 66.7% traffic rules and regulations
Others 1 0.6% 4.8%
Total 157 100.0% 747.6%
G4 In Bus Drivers’ Opinion, What Changes About Buses do Passengers Expect?
261
Answers Questionnaire Frequency Percentage percentage
Add more bus stops 11 8.3% 52.4%
Add more bus routes 16 12.0% 76.2% Connection of the time when 6 4.5% 28.6% transferring
Add more bus service 19 14.3% 90.5%
Improve punctuality of bus 21 15.8% 100.0% Improve the facilities for
waiting at station (such as 8 6.0% 38.1% warm facilities)
In Bus Drivers’ Opinion, What Get the information about Changes About Buses do timetable of buses before 5 3.8% 23.8% Passengers Expect? getting on
Add more specific bus lanes 16 12.0% 76.2% Maintain and clean buses 5 3.8% 23.8% better
Improve the connection
between buses and other 6 4.5% 28.6% transportation
Increase buses in rush hour
to reduce the congestion on 20 15.0% 95.2% bus
Total 133 100.0% 633.3%
262
Annex 7 First public participation meeting minutes
A, Time: March 19, 2013 2:00 pm B, Place: Harbin Urban Construction Investment Group Co., Ltd. No. 311 Jian’guo Road, Conference Room 811 C, The participating units and personnel: Li Xinhua, director of the Harbin Municipal Development and Reform Commission, HMDRC Foreign Office in Harbin, Harbin Urban Construction Investment Group Co. pre Department, Public Security Traffic Management Bureau of Harbin City, Transportation Bureau of Harbin City, Urban Management Bureau of Harbin City, Planning Bureau of Harbin City, Harbin International Engineering consulting Center, Hohai University, Heilongjiang Protection Research Institute and Heilongjiang provincial Environmental Science and design Institute. D, The meeting content: (a), Director of Harbin City Development and Reform Commission Li Xinhua introduced the feasibility study materials needed, required government departments to actively cooperate, and form the preliminary results in end of March, and that by the end of March 2013, the Provincial Development and Reform Commission will hear include design units and other departments report the results, based on this, every reporting units should submit the project feasibility study report, Social Assessment Report and EIA report before the end of March.; (b), the specific work arrangements and time node: 1 City investment company: I hope Harbin City investment company can complete the preparation of project proposals as soon as possible , have been implemented project planning and land approval and other formalities; promptly organize feasibility study, environmental assessment report, social assessment report and energy assessment report preparation; recommended UDIC to offer specialized office space, centralized office. 2, Department of Transportation: Request Harbin City Department of Transportation to determine first and last stop hub as soon as possible; determine hub on the sources of funding for real estate development; conduct bus station design; determine the functions of command and what is required; submit the public transport draft plan and integrated transport original planning. 3, Transport Authority: Request Transport Authority to submit the material for the demand of intelligent dispatching system as soon as possible, to facilitate the preparation of the feasibility report. 4, Urban Management Bureau, Planning Bureau and other departments: Require the Management Bureau and the Planning Bureau to complete the collection and submission of "Harbin City Comprehensive Transportation Planning" and "public transportation plan" and other planning materials as soon as possible. At the end of the meeting, NDRC Minister Li summarized the number and location of the site settings, command system hardware configuration, the connection of subway stations and bus stops as well as the revise of feasibility study outlines and other work. 5, the time node of above work is as follows: Node One: The above materials must be 263
collected in March 22. Node Two: The draft report of feasibility study of HarbinsSmart transportation system must be completed before March 30th; both the EIA and social assessment draft report should be submitted as an attachment to Harbin City investment company.
264
Annex 8 Second public participation meeting
A, Time: March 20, 2013 9:00 am B, Place: Harbin City Investment Company Room 811 C, the participating units and personnel: Li Xinhua, director of the Harbin Municipal Development and Reform Commission, HMDRC Foreign Office in Harbin, Harbin Urban Construction Investment Group Co. pre Department, Bureau on behalf of various commissions (Ethnic and Religious Affairs，Federation, Civil Affairs, Disabled Persons' Federation, Committee on Aging, tourism Bureau, Land resources Bureau, Finance Bureau, Price Bureau, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Traffic Management Bureau, Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Department of Education), Hohai University social assessment team. D, the main elements: (a), Harbin City Development and Reform Commission Director Li Xinhua introduced the participants, to briefly explained the smart transportation projects, required various commissions Bureau cooperate actively; (b), Teacher Dong Ming from Hohai University introduced this social assessment work, the importance of social assessment, and the content of social assessment; (c), Teacher Dong Ming from Hohai University introduced Harbin smart transportation system construction project briefly; (d), Teacher Dong Ming from Hohai University explained various commissions Bureau data requirements, required all departments to provide information on paper or electronic version. Ask Municipal Women's Federation, Municipal Committee on Aging, Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau, City CDPF, City Board of Education to prepare seminar, and described to contact various commissions bureau on 20th pm to identify the time and location of seminar.
265
Annex 9 Interview Location: Harbin City Hongqiao Junior High School
Interview Time: 13:00 on March 22 2013 Interviewee: Wang Xin Director Interview: Q1: Please briefly explain the number of students in Harbin Hongqiao junior high school and where these students come from. A: Our school has more than 3,700 students, students mainly from Hongqiao first primary school, Hongqiao second primary school, and Minjiang primary school. Now primary and secondary schools in Harbin implement Area management, the majority of the students go to the nearest school. Our students mainly from red flag Demonstration Area, sunny green homes, Park Regency, Taihai garden Xinheng New Town, Mengke horizon, Exhibition homes, Yueshan International, Golden Rhine, Long Kun homes, Taishan Community and Minjiang Community, of which 70% to 80% of students from the former five communities. Q2: At what time can students go back home? How students go back home after school? A: Classes begin at 7:30 o’clock, and finish at 16:30 o’clock; 11:40 to 12:50 is midday rest. In addition, the graduating students in our go back home relatively late, other graders are usually able to leave school before 16:45 o’clock. Our students’ families are closer, walk home after school usually the main way, about 60% students go back on foot, in addition, about 20% of the students go home by private car, and their parents go to take them every day. 10% students choose to take "sons car" go home, the other 10% of the students, mainly by bus, cycling or take a taxi to go home. Now students take the bus can enjoy half the price. Q3: How is the status of traffic near the school? Whether the accident occurred near school? A: Our school is divided into the Yellow River School Department and the Xinheng School Department, two school departments about 1 km apart. Yellow River school, which is located along the Yellow River Road, No. 117, under normal circumstances there is less traffic, but when there are activities, which organized in the sports stadium nearby the road traffic volume, will increase dramatically. Traffic on the Red flag street and Nanzhi street which located near the school is crowded, when class is over, police officer usually come to help maintain the traffic order; Xinheng School department is close to Xinheng Newtown, there is a flyover 150m away from the school gate, the traffic there is less too, and traffic police also come to help maintain traffic order after school. In addition, the average rate of traffic accident is about one per two or three years. Q4: For Harbin smart transportation system improvement project design, from the perspective of schools and students, do you have any suggestions? A: I think this project is very good, and we all welcome and support it. When construction the project, we hope: First, you can set the traffic light which has “special button" near the school gate, especially the Yellow River school Department, in order to protect our students to cross the Yellow River Road and other roads; Second, now there are 209 266
Road, 201 Road, 53 Road, 116 Road four bus lines near school, I suggest that these lines can be more reasonable so that teachers and students can take bus more conveniently; Finally, when construct the road, I hope the noise can be controlled in the normal range, and because summer is very hot and window must be open, in order to avoid noise pollution during the school teaching, I suggest the construction can be done during spring and autumn.
267
Annex 10 Interview Location: Harbin Hongqiao first primary School
Interview Time: 14:00 on March 22, 2013 Interviewee: Wu Changqing principal Interview: Q1: Please provide the number of students, students’ travel characteristics and other conditions on the basic situation of the school to be a simple introduction. A: There are 2442 pupils in our school. According to the City Board of Education, school children must go to the nearest school, so our students mainly from the New Year demonstration community and Red flag community. It should be noted that, our school completed in 1997, and school site located entirely within the Red flag community, coupled with the district placed a lot of squatters, so our school has a large number of students, but also because communities are close to the school, community residents often assistant and intervene students management. Q2: For students’ travel safety, do you have any traffic demand for Harbin smart transportation system? A: Our demand concentrate in three channels and two traffic lights near our school, and also our need for these two public transport facilities is urgent. However, since our students are young, and they usually walk home or by private car transfer, so the transport needs of our students is relatively small, for buses, bus priority channel the demand degree is relatively weak.
268
Annex 11 Interview Location: Harbin Huaxing Primary School
Interview Time: 16:00 on March 22, 2013 Interviewee: Principal Zhang Interview: Q1: What is your school time? A: Our school’s morning class time is 7:30 o’clock, class is over at 16:10 o’clock, lunchtime is 11:45-12:55 noon, this time about 33% of the students choose to go home to have lunch. After school traffic police help to maintain school traffic order. Q2: Huaxing Primary School’s school district covers which communities? A: According to the District Education’s Area division, our school district consists principally of Iron tile community, ABC community, Chunming community and Educate community, they both near Huaxing community. Q3: How many students are there in Huaxing Primary School? Do you have school bus? A: Our school has more than 600 students, most students' families are near the school, students usually go home on foot, so school do not have school bus. The number of students who need to take transportation is about 100 people, they mainly take bus, ”sons car” and private car. Q4: Which bus stations are near the school? For priority corridor upgrades on Railway Street, do you have any suggestions and requirements? A: There is railway Street bus station 200m away from our school gate; Gongda bus station is also near here. Our school is now located in the old Railway Street, the street is now a secondary street for railway street, traffic is not large, but there always many large long-distance buses park in the long distance bus station, which is near our school gate , hindering the students' travel. Therefore, the new smart transportation system project construction and operation should strengthen the traffic management around school, to create a good traffic environment.
Annex 12 Committee on Aging Symposium
A, Time: 9:30 am March 22, 2013 B, Place: Harbin Committee on Aging Conference Room, 3rd Floor C, The participants: Harbin Committee on Aging defenders office Director Shen, Director Zong and 13 old people. D, The old people’s questions and suggestions (a) Problems for bus station 1, The bus stations are too concentrated, it is easy to cause travel chaos, it is recommended to consider the site location setting problem, widening the distance
269
between stations; 2, Some of the bus station has no rainproof facility, no stool, causing inconvenience to the waiting people, I hope the new station can be more suitable, you can add some handrails in the station, to facilitate the elderly to get off the ground, simultaneously propose to set some anti-skid material around the station; 3, Some ground of the station is not smooth, so people propose to strengthen the maintenance, keep the ground facilitate passengers to get on and off; 4, Some bus stations set unreasonable, two sides of the street signs are not correspond, even a one station difference, such as 16, 72, 55 Road, it is recommended to set a reasonable stop sign, to facilitate commuters to find; 5, Advice to use new materials to ensure temperature of the station at about zero degrees; 6, The level of the ground of station should be same as the bus, so that it can be convenient for the elderly and disabled to get on the bus; 7, Buses of each line park at the station should have a certain distance to each other to prevent the station is occupied and crowed; 8, Set fence at the station, which can keep passengers get on or off the bus orderly, and also can let the elderly get on or off the bus easily; 9,To design the bus station as semi-closed, so that it can prevent the waiting passengers from cold; 10, Set camera at the station, convenient dispatcher to understand the situation, and help dispatcher to manage bus drivers; 11, The train station need a lot of buses, but there is no bus station, and the road there is slippery, propose to increase capital investment to build bus stations near the train station, and set anti-skid material there; 12, The distance of Nanzhi bus stations is too far, it is recommended to shorten the distance. (b) Routing Problem 1,Many buses turn at the 102 Road terminal station turn, the station is crowded, it is recommended to extend the route to the power plant or Anton bridge, which can solve the congestion phenomenon, but also solve the ride issues of rural workers who come from the cogeneration; 2, More and more go to the Harbin West train station, but there are a lot of buses could not reach there, the suggestion is to extend bus lines to Harbin West train station, to form transport network; 3,18 road route is too short, some waste, proposing to extend the route; 4, Zhujiang New bus station is very beautiful, but only two buses pass by there, so construction of that station is a little waste, it is recommended to re-plan bus route. (c) Bus problem 1, Many of the bus steps are too high, such as the 51 Road, 82 Road, the old man get on the bus difficultly, we recommend purchasing the bus which has suitable step height; 2, There appeared a vehicle traveling on the road broken down, propose bus replacement or repair timely; 3, The bus is not air-conditioned car, it is too cold in winter, we recommend purchasing
270
air-conditioned car. (d) Old People Card Problems 1, Advice that people 60 years or older from other city to come to Harbin can also enjoy preferential policies by their identity card; 2,Advice that change 70-year-old to enjoy preferential policies to the age of 60; 3, Suburban buses and some bus routes can not use older cards, such as 340 Road, 369 Road, 363 Road, 337 Road, suggest that implement equal treatment of all buses. (e) Scheduling problem 1, The utilization of buses is not high, such as 201 road, the grid is not timely, the bus on road is full of passengers, very crowded, but there are many empty buses parking at the finish line station, we recommend to monitor this phenomenon, arrange buses timely and reasonably; 2, Advice to direct and maintain order at the bus stations when the rush hour. (f) Advocacy issues 1, Some bus lines have been increased or cut short, but haven’t been showed on the signs, such as 28, 68, hopes to change the stop sign relevant and timely to facilitate passengers travel; 2, Suggest to increase advocacy power, update the roadmap of bus station regularly; 3, Suggest to change the advertisement on the both sides of roads to roadmap to facilitate commuters to find routes. (g) Bus driver management issues 1, Suggest bus driver start or stop the car with slow speed, it will be easy for the elderly to take bus; 2, There are many old people at the Botanical Garden, but most bus drivers do not stop to take them, we recommend that relevant departments can manage; 3, The treatment of bus driver is too low, and the responsibility for them is great, drivers are responsible for accidents, the bus team will not pay for the accidents, so no one want to be the bus driver, and the number of bus driver is less and less, the attitude of driver is bad. So I hope that the treatment of bus driver can be raise, and establish the responsibility system, strengthen training and management to bus drivers; 4,369 road buses are private buses, charges of it is different, hope relevant departments to identify and implement standardized charges. (8) Terminal station building problem 1, There is no public toilets at the terminal station, and it is not convenient for the drivers suggest to strengthen the terminal building; 2, The number of bus garages is less, and it is not convenient for bus drivers to warm their buses, suggest to create of underground garages. (9)Information system problems 1, Some road lights set unreasonable length of time, such as Dianta Street to the Sanhe Road ,the lights lasted six minutes, leading the team too long, blocking traffic; lights time of Sandadongli Street is too short, it is not enough for people to pass through, especially for the elderly; 2,There has been set smart electronic bus information screen at Zhongshan Road (108 Lu)and the museum, but the display does not have the actual application as they said
271
before building those features, only some ads, and the intelligence electronic bus information at museum station block line of sight, so I hope that this cold weather smart transportation system construction project can be taken to avoid this phenomenon; 3, Some places in Harbin have been set “crossing traffic light priority “button, but the buttons are mostly useless, hope that such phenomena will not appear, and rlevant departments can strengthen maintenance after a good building. (10) other road problems 1,Overpasses are slippery, and stairs are too steep, it is inconvenient for old people to walk, recommend set anti-skid material on the overpasses, or put on carpet, and decrease the step height, set some handrails on the overpass, and clear snow timely; 2, Gogol Street is too smooth, very inconvenient to walk in winter and the rainy season, suggest to put on anti-skid material; 3, There are too many vehicles on the sidewalk, it is very dangerous for the elderly and children to walk there, we recommend that authorities introduce measures to make reasonable arrangements and management.
272
Annex 13 Harbin Daoli District Disabled discussion
Time: March 28, 2013 Location: Harbin Daoli District Government 1st Floor East Conference Room Discussion persons: City CDPF Commissioner Hong, Daoli District CDPF Chief Lei, Chairman and the disabled from district physical disability associations, Association for the Blind and Deaf Association. Discussion content: 1 Daoli District CDPF Chief Lei Lei is a physically disabled person, in today's discussion, Lei said that some of the current city buses steps are still high, the number of steps is still more, the door armrests can’t meet needs of persons with disabilities to get on and off the bus, many buses even have no armrests, so I hope this loan program can purchase in the bus which has low steps and convenient for wheelchair disabled to get on and off the bus. Second, the current city bus station voice prompts widespread non-standard, show too early or too late, and subtitles article is not clear, which are not conducive to the blind and the deaf community to take bus, so I hope the new project after an operation aspects can improve these deficiencies, the other set auxiliary systems accessible in the bus and around the bus station to help the blind and deaf take bus. In addition, for physically disabled persons currently in Harbin travel up group is 3,4-level groups of physically disabled, so I hope provincial laws and regulations can let these people travel free or half-fare, rather than just cover the 1,2-level group with severe physical disabilities to enable farmer-friendly policy to the letter. Another point, the setting of seats in the bus is not reasonable, which is mainly manifested in the latter part of the vehicle seat position is too high, it is not conducive to sit for physically disabled, the Harbin Polytechnic University subway station accessibility is also too high, and direct impact on people with disabilities to travel by wheelchair, relevant departments said it is the "water needs", for that reason it seem too far-fetched. For physically disabled persons on wheelchairs travel, it also hopes to use the slope at the bus station instead of stairs. A final note is that the traffic lights now have no voice prompts, such as "green light now, please access", so there is a huge traffic risk for the blind to cross the road, exacerbated by individual trunk roads too wide, private vehicles vie to go, no "safe Green Island" and other factors, to further increase this risk. 2 Blind Association Vice-Chairman Daoli District Blind Association Vice Chairman is also a blind, he think that the current songs which are played in the bus is louder than the arriving prompt voice, so the measure of voice prompt in Harbin bus operations requires further strengthened; he also noted that when the blind man across the lines of communication, they can’t see the time displayed on traffic signs, and taxis, private cars and other vehicles often vie to go, it is also extremely unsafe for blind. Based on this, he hoped the project can set monitoring probes at bus stations to help blind go across the road, in order to reduce the incidence of crime; secondly, hoped to install speaker, through voice to prompt blind to 273
cross the road; Third, establish a good bus stop announcement system to facilitate blind to keep abreast of the situation of the bus, and avoid the phenomena of getting off early and lose way. 3 Deaf Representatives Three types of disabilities attend the meeting; the impact of imperfect public transportation to the deaf is weak. According to City Association of the Deaf Chairman and District Association of the Deaf Vice Chairman reported, it is important to improve the subtitles stop announcement system, and this also applies to long-distance passenger vehicles; Second, to improve the car heater system; Third, the individual sections of the bus stops close to the traffic lights, bus starts after the red light, although still docked at the station, but passengers can’t get on the bus are because the bus has already been started, so I hope you can improve the quality of the driver. At the end of the discussion, Lei represented persons with disabilities supplementary views. Lei believes that the reason why citizen including persons with disabilities choose to walk across the road straightly, instead of go through the overpass is not convenient, so the city's overpass type of facility utilization is only about 30%. Based on this, Lei considered in the project construction process, for three bus priority corridors along the overpass, underground underpass, etc. should be built into a closed passage, and install electricity escalator or lift at the place where disabled people often pass by, and install ventilation, drainage facilities, and strengthen management, in order to truly serve the persons with disabilities and other vulnerable groups in the cold climatic conditions. A final note is that Harbin individual bus lines still exist with receiving ticket for blind, for the current "admit certificate, does not admit blind" issue, the District CDPF hope smart transportation projects in the construction can draw on 70 years of age or and disabled veterans and other travel modes apply for the blind community free pass, and to enhance the driver's legal advocacy and education to ensure that the legal requirements to the letter.
274
Annex 14 Harbin Low-income groups forum
A, Time: 1:30 pm，March 25, 2013 B, Place: Harbin Daoli District Fushun Street Office (Anhe Street, 25) C, The participants: Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau Chief Zhang, Chief of Fushun street Office Qu, low in-come representatives ,Social Assessment Team D, The meeting content: 1, Chief Qu introduced the Social Assessment Team, and the standard of aid for low in-come groups in Harbin, the calculation of the amount of subsidies, utilities and other types of aid; 2, Teacher Dong from the Social Assessment Team introduced the Harbin cold weather smart transportation system project content, project organizational units, project funding application process and the purpose of the social assessment and the problem need to discuss in this forum; 3, Low in-come representatives express their views and opinions. E, Low in-come representatives raise problems and suggestions 1, LIANG Yuyuan is a company employee, but her income is low, she thinks Harbin taxi rejection is serious, it is difficult to take a taxi, so Harbin Smart transportation project is a good project, which will bring a lot of convenience for the people . At the same time, taking into that the age of 70 or older go out less, she hopes that the age limit in the policy can be lowered to 65 years, so that policy can be more humane. 2, Ma Shujie is a temporary, from her home to the nearest bus station (that is "the last mile"), about 3 to 5 minutes walk away, in order to save money, she walk to work every day, she hopes the Government can give preferential policy for low-income group to take bus. According to the statement, her monthly bus ride costs about 60 yuan, after completing the new smart transportation project, she do not hope bus tickets increase, 1 to 2 yuan / person • times is the acceptable range. 3, Zhao Haibin is a cobbler, mutilated two, he feels it is very difficult to go on and off the flyover, he hope the relevant departments lower step height of each section in the construction of flyovers, or set the disabled channels such as the disabled lift bridge etc., and manage the disabled facilities; purchase buses with low step height. 4, He Qingchun’s son is disabled, she suggested to set the special seats for the disabled to wait buses at the bus stations, and the seats must be indicated “using for disabled”, so that can be convenient for disabled to wait. She also hopes to build semi-enclosed warm bus station. 5, Intense problems discussed in the forum include: 1) 1 to 2 yuan / person • times of the bus fee is is not a small sum of money for the low income group, buying a travel card can only deals 0.1 yuan per time, while the purchase of bus cards itself is 15 yuan or 30 yuan, so low-income group hope Harbin City can provide more preferential policies for them to take buses to reduce their financial burden; 2) as the alpine city, many old people wish the bus to be warm, and the floor in the bus to be not so slippery, in addition, the phenomenon of buses arriving late or come together in winter should also be improved.
275
Annex 15 Harbin City Women's Symposium
A, Time: 9:00 am, March 26, 2013 B, Place: Daowai District Government C, The participants: Daowai District Women's Federation President Zhang Fengxiang, Vice President Xu Fengling, 11 women representatives, Social Assessment Team. D, The meeting content: (a), President Zhang introduced the Social Assessment Team, and the purpose of this forum; (b), Teacher Dong from Social Assessment Team introduced the Harbin acold weather smart transportation project, introduced the World Bank to everyone; (c), Women's views: 1, Chairman Yin from the Street office said after listening the introduction of the whole project, she felt the project is very systematic and comprehensive. Daowai district involves Red Flag Street, carrying a lot of traffic, along the street are commercial, schools, hospitals, logistics and Red Flag furniture city, the further optimize of the road will be conductive to the development of the street economy. Meanwhile, the woman has now become the main force of national economic construction, but also carries important family functions, family children schooling, medical care will also be convenient and improved with the public transport system consummation, and also facilitate women to join in the society. Yin said the number of bus garage in Harbin is now less, many drivers get up at 3or4 o'clock in the morning to warm buses, and sometimes also need to warm buses at midnight, the construction of the underground garage can guarantee the driver's schedule, but also can extend the vehicle’s life. In addition, Yin also mentioned the development of the road can not only promote economic development, but also can promote the development of spiritual civilization, for example, if the station set video surveillance facilities, we can reduce theft. Finally Yin said that she hoped the project could be early implemented.
2, Wei Lin, deputy secretary of the Locomotive company, said Harbin is a River City, people in River City has some river feelings, so she hoped the Red flag Street can get through to the river, both to facilitate the people of Harbin to the river to play, also make Red flag Street to be a north-south artery of Harbin, and it will be important to the connection of Harbin entire furniture industry and logistics industry. Wei thinks that Harbin cold weather smart transportation project has depth, smart and she endorsed high-tech, and she endorsed the Government decision, and she was very pleased that the project can take into account the needs of women. But she also put forward some hope on the project, first, she hoped the project after applying to loan funds to conduct a strict budget, not a waste of money, to ensure that public funds used; second, she hoped that relevant departments to carry out the entire project implementation strict supervision to ensure the quality of projects; third,after completion of the project, orderly management is very important, only the well management can keep up with the pace of technological progress. Finally Wei also expressed the hope that the project can be 276
implemented as soon as possible. 3, Vice president of Hongguang Boiler Group Xu Yan said some problems and needs for women, and put forward some suggestions to the project. First, she mentioned women ‘s sense of direction is not strong, it is good to provide women with a clear road conductor. The second point, the peak in the bus, men and women crowded together to get on the bus, sometimes it may affect the dignity of women, especially in summer, so she hopes the bus will give the elderly, children and women with special door; Third, there are no toilets along the way buses pass by or at transfer station, she hoped to set up more and more public toilets, and ladies room should be more than the men's room; Fourth, a number of buses park at bus station, it is not easy to get on and off, so she asked to mark on the ground which bus can park here, arrange different bus parking spaces for different routes of buses, this can improve the efficiency of getting on and off; Fifth point, she hoped to separate buses and private cars traveling, to set up system constraints.
4, Harbin Tent Co., Ltd. Chairman Zhang Aihua said half of the year in Harbin is winter, which makes life cost and the production cost very high, the project will reduce the residents’s financial burden. Meanwhile, as the fourteenth session of the National People's Congress, she was slightly worried about the $ 100 million repayment, she repeatedly stressed that the Government will implement the project, there must be a strict bidding, strict supervision, otherwise they would not give people bring benefits, but will give people a burden.
5, Community Director Yang Xiukui said roads in Harbin are very slippery in winter, walking on the roads is not convenient; she hoped to use the underground grid fever to melt the snow on the roads.
6, Community Director Dai Yunan wanted to set up special seats at the bus stations for the elderly and children to wait for the bus.
7, Community Director Ma Lihua said 111Road Station has been set up electronic information devices, but winter in Harbin is very cold, electronic equipment at low temperatures will fail, so she hoped when purchase of electronic equipment must consider whether the equipment can defend cold, to ensure the life of electronic devices.
8, Street Office Director Ning Shengjie said she was very interested in the "smart", because women’s sense of direction is not strong, intelligent information systems can provide an effective route for women. In addition, she also stressed that electronic information equipment must defend cold. She also said the pre-planning of project must be meticulous, thoughtful.
9, District Women's Federation President Zhang Fengxiang said that the project is very good, she hoped for an early implementation. She also raised a number of questions and suggestions. First, in the procurement of buses must be sure to select the bus,
277
which can provide warm. Second, the road is very slippery and snowy in winter, so when build the road not only to consider the aesthetic, but also non-slip, the roads must be practical. Third, some of the existing bridges have already used a grid snowmelt; these snowmelt measures can be generalized to bus stations, and even extended to the bus itself, to ensure waiting for buses, getting on the buses, as well as the floor of buses clean and not slippery. Fourth, the number of public toilets is too little; propose to build public toilets along the public transport hub. Fifth, set voice prompts devices at the traffic lights; use sound to tell whether people can cross the road, so blind can easily cross the road. Also she said the women tend live frugally, going out by bus will save travel costs, if the construction of smart transportation system is done, and women can be very beneficial.
278
Annex 16 Harbin City Women's Forum 2
A, Time: 8:30 am, March 27, 2013 B, Place: Engineering Community C, The participants: Federation Ministers Gong Jianhong, twelve women representatives, Social Assessment Team. D, The meeting content: (a), Minister Gong introduced the Social Assessment Team, and the purpose of this forum; (b), Wang Binghong from the Social Assessment Team introduce the Harbin acold weather smart transportation project, and the World Bank; (c), Women's representative: 1, Zhao Daili, retired cadre of community There is the phenomenon of Chinese-crossing-road in Harbin, people cross the road together when the traffic light is red, I hope you can take measures to allow residents to obey the traffic rules. In addition, it is important to improve the quality of people. Friendship Road, next to a Wal-Mart there is an electronic sign, public transportation information on it is very comprehensive and detailed, and very clear, it is recommended to set more such electronic signs. Try not to spray the bus body advertising, if you must spray it, please ensure that all vehicles unity, so that the passengers look comfortably. Another problem, signs in front of the bus must be clear, and the words on the sign should be large enough, it is good to set the LED display on the windshield of the bus to show the bus number, so passengers will be able to see very far away from bus station. Private car cannot be close to the bus stop, if that it will very likely to cause an accident, Zhao herself is on behalf of the victims, a decade ago that this has led to leg disability. 2, Song Xuemei, retired cadre of community Many buses park at Jingwei 12 Street station, it is disorder there, sometimes multiple buses come together, and people need to run to take the bus, and sometimes even running will be late to catch the bus. Hope this problem can be solved. 3, Jiang Yunzhi , civil Beijing airport intelligent information is very humane; the information is very detailed, which bring great convenience to people. Taking buses in Harbin has "four pain". First, “ waiting buses is painful " no intelligent Information message alert, you will do not know how long it takes until the bus come, and sometimes it will take 30-40 minutes to wait for a bus, it is very painful to wait buses in the winter, she has bought special shoes to keep warm, and if there is intelligent information tips, people can follow the prompts to select another route; Second, "taking bus is painful”. Every day peak, people in the bus is like a photo, she never carry a large bag on the bus, as will be crowd for others when you put the large bag around you, also will be stolen when you put it on the floor. What’s more, people 279
can’t wear good shoes to take bus, because it will be stepped on; Third, "being late is painful", the longest time I waiting for the bus taken me two hours and ten minutes, and that was in winter, I was frozen, when I came home it was already eight o’clock, I feel taking bus every car is like a war; Fourth, "looking for station is painful", Harbin citizens are familiar with the fixed route, but when go out to have a trip on weekend, people often couldn’t find the way, and one-way streets is difficult to find the bus station, and frost is on the windows, many bus has no arriving report , it is very difficult for the local residents to find the destination, not to mention the foreign tourists. 4, Fu Beisi , Street Federation member I do not take bus or take the bus less for 7-8 years; I take the bus occasionally in order to let my child to experience it. Buses are not recommended driving on the road, because the existing ground surface has insufficient carrying capacity, she said, from a long-term project design point of view, the project cannot be used only ten years after the completion then abandoned. Bus body must be unified, the number of the bus must be easy to see, and it is better to have the LED display, because if that passengers can see which bus is coming easily. To put less car ads in the bus, and roadmap should be set up at some more different locations in the bus, it will be convenient for passengers sitting in different positions to find, but the direction must be clear. Famous attractions can also be indicated in the roadmap. Northern Bus necessarily have to be air-conditioned, because winter is cold and the window of the bus can’t be open, so the it is very easy to be infected cold when people taking a bus, air-conditioned bus can be warm, and also can guarantee the quality of air inside the bus. Electronic information products can be made into solar energy. 5, Zhang Shu, Department of Education member Although private car owners have cars, they still willing to take the bus, because there are also driving problems and parking difficulties for private car owners. This project is very good, but in order to serve people well you must go into the basic level to study, the money must be used when it is necessary needed, we must first solve the "getting on the bus" issue. Also speaking from the details, each station can not be built too near, let the different routes of the buses park at different place. Private car parking place must be marked clearly, and the police charges must be clear, publicity departments should be well done. 6, Lu Lina, teacher Now why so many private cars? A large part of which is to pick up the child from school. When school time, they’re many private cars at Jihong Elementary School and other big schools gate, and roads are full of parking cars, causing serious jams. And why parents choose private car to pick up their children, because it will be unsure when to arrive at schools if students choose to take buses. Schools require students arrive school at 7:40, if the bus could not come, will cause the children to be late to school. Some children who take the bus to stagger the morning rush hour, they go out at 6:00, less than 7:00 they can arrive at school, it is hard for the children to get up early, but also students arrive at school early will bring bad impact to the school administration. I
280
suggest that whether can set students buses after 4:30 pm and before 7:20. There are many schools along the Friendship Road, and the road is very wide, cars always drive very fast there, so whether can set deceleration zone at the school gate, to ensure the safety of students. When in winner the floor of the bus and the place under the sidewalk at the bus stop have a large area of ice, many elderly people will fall there, it is very dangerous, and suggest taking steps to make these places promptly melting ice, to ensure the safety of pedestrians. 7, Wang Jialin, community worker 102 and 103 road has some new buses, she is 1 meter 70 high, and it is not convenient for her to grip beams, not to mention other sawed people. It is recommended that when procurement buses must be thoughtful, to facilitate passengers to take. Many times arrive at strange places, I do not know which direction to travel, I must go back and forth on both sides of the road to find the bus stop I need. whether can set the stop sign at the crossing to tell the passengers on this side if there is a bus they need, so that passengers do not need to go back and forth along the road on both sides of the roads to look for the bus station. 8, Shao Hong, community worker People from other place come to here often carry a large luggage to take bus, and the luggage will occupy a large place, whether can set a special place under the bus to lay luggage.
281
Annex 17 Heilongjiang Flying Wing Transportation Company Interview
Time: 14:30,March 27, 2013 Location: Harbin Flying Wing Transportation Company, 3rd Floor Office Discussion by: Manager Xiao Gang (13945676568) Discussion content: According to Li's introduction, Heilongjiang Flying Wing Transportation is the largest private bus company in Harbin, the company has 402 buses in operating, including 18 buses which has not been coded city public transport operators, the company has 64, 66 Road and so on, has a total of 10 bus routes, in charge of 10 bus teams, the average daily passenger transport up to 30 million people. In the winter holiday season, due to the decrease of students, migrant workers and other reasons, the number of passengers decreases; Together with managers, the company has 720 employees, of which the number of first line of the bus drivers which in the membership is 523. In the year 2012 company annual gross operating income reached 3,000 million yuan, as private companies, bus operator can only enjoy fuel subsidies, according to the company accounting in year 2012, operating costs per capita is 1.1 yuan, 1 yuan per passenger (only 218 Road fares 2 yuan) in recent years, makes the company deficit. For example, the company repairs all types of vehicles and parts replacement need a lot of money, annual spending for such logistical support can reach more than 300 million. In 2012, the company appeared the phenomenon that former employees of the company applying for a job again, this phenomenon partly because the company first line driver attendance (work two days and have a day rest) wage has risen above 4,000 yuan / month, maintenance workers and cleaning staff attendance monthly wages (hourly basis) rose from 3000 to 3500 yuan; other reason is that nearly two years the Harbin city freight logistics market is downturn. The company's proportion of female drivers is only around 2%, which may be associated with the workers here need to work 12 hours a day or so. In the accident, due to the slippery toads in winter and other reasons, in recent years, all kinds of traffic accidents occurred an average of 200 per year in our company, from the responsible for that accident, to ensure that employees can work without distraction. The company tends to bear 80% to 90% of the liability, and during the winter, the ratio will reach 100%. The company has 402 operating buses, which can be divided into low, medium and high-end 3 types, high-end buses are 218 Road, each "naked bus"23 price is at 430,000 yuan; "naked bus" for 64 Road, 66 Road, 82 Road, 91 Road, 94 Road and the 369 bus price at about 200,000 yuan, belonging to the low-end type buses; buses for 68 Road and 86 Road and other roads belong to the client type buses, each "naked car" average price is about 350,000 yuan. The company natural gas buses and diesel buses
23"Naked car" means the bus just be removed from the bus manufacturers, and have not go through any operator formalities.
282
ownership ratio is about 2:1. Also to be noted is that our company now using more than 400 buses which have GPS system, and more this bus system is "replacement" 24device, the system not only takes a lot of power, but also just has the function of arriving report, and has not yet realize remote command and control functions. In the bus operator punctuality rate and complaints, subject to traffic congestion and winter snow, punctuality rate of our buses is currently difficult to guarantee, the company benefits also affected by the delays; Addition, the company set up a special telephone for complaints, the number is 88001886, and there are the bus team captains’ phone numbers inside and outside the buses, to prepare for all kinds of bus passengers at any time reflects the problem. Finally, in the building of bus lane, Li hopes the bus priority corridors should be designed to the inside ways, and learn from Jinan bay bus station and other areas of construction experience, implement the "bus priority, bus rapid transit " decision as soon as possible, and we hope to increase the punishment of " going when the traffic is red " and " private car parking in the bus station ".
24 "Replacement" refers to the acquisition, maintenance and repair costs of GPS system are incurred by the advertising cost of GPS system.
283
Annex 18 Heilongjiang Longyun Modern Limited (Taxi) Interview
Time: 8:00 o’clock, March 29, 2013 Location: Office of Heilongjiang Longyun Modern Limited Interview by: Wan Xiao Ling, manager Interview: Manager Wan Xiaoling introduced the basic situation of the taxi company. There are currently over 15,200 taxies in Harbin, belonging to the city's 44 taxi companies. Taxi industry's direct administrative supervision department is Harbin City Department of Transportation Taxi Transportation Management Office. There are 1,000 taxies in Longyun Modern Limited, and there are more than 1,870 taxi drivers. In 2010, in 2010 the company was established in response to the call of government, just two years after the establishment, our company become the most complete and largest "public take public "taxi operating company of the city, now gas instead of oil workshops, gas stations etc. which equipped in our company are up to industry standards. Administrative department for industry, regulatory co-operation with the company, at present taxi management office has been built, and it includes daily performance of taxi drivers management, taxi drivers blacklist building, integrity status for regulatory information management system, and according to the requirements of each taxi company, taxi management office will also provide the taxi company with the system registry ports to truly promote the industry management departments and enterprises interact and contact. To the relationship between the company and Harbin smart public transportation construction projects, the manager thinks, bus priority corridors construction projects is the most closely contact to the company’s operating sub-project construction system, because on the one hand existing bus priority lanes in Harbin allow taxi operation use, on the other hand is that existing roads in Harbin is widespread that when the weather become warmer the roads will be “pumping”, that is used in winter in May or June, Harbin urban pavement will crack and damage, so the manager hopes that the construction of three bus corridors can be constructed intensify, and can adapt to the cold climate. In addition, according to the present situation of taxi operation, manager Wan thinks that it is necessary to construct taxi transfer points along the busy streets and pedestrian crossing, on the construction specifications, she hopes the transfer points can be about 30 meters away from a bus; In terms of overpasses and public transportation infrastructure project, it is necessary to improve the number of it; For intelligent building, she thinks the current paying way which through the brush bus IC card to pay for the taxi service fee assumption is not operable in Harbin, on the one hand because of the existing vehicle system, it is difficult to identify bus IC card, on the other hand, install POS card machine in the taxi is difficult to implement. Finally, manager Wan also hopes the Harbin cold weather smart transport system construction project can combine taxi companies, public transport smart dispatching system and enterprise information management system. For city signal management 284
system, the manager suggested that in the cold city like Harbin, don’t cancel the yellow light and seconds reading machine, to eliminate the traffic accidents which cause by the icy roads, and she hopes to increase the number of road light on the prosperous area.
285