ZIMBABWE

ZIMBABWE ~ VEW ORGAN OF THE PEOPLE OF ZIMBABWE PRODUCED BY THE IMFORMATION AND PUBLICITY BUREAU PO.'BOX 1657 LUSAKA -ZAMBIA PHONE 74879

ZIMBABWE REVIEW EDITORIAL. JULY 26, 1975. SNITH VERSUS DE £ iO PLE. Smith and his cohorts have recently mounted a major slanderaccused ous campaign against the African Aational Council. They have/the ANC of all sorts of crimes ranging from the grave to the petty. The sum total of their accusations is that they want the AiUC banned and its leaders and officials tried for alleged treason and subversion and that they should be executed. Smith has also claimed that the IWC did not honour its side of the bargain( ceasefire leading to constitutional talks). Some of Smith's henchmen have said that some leaders of the ANC have committed serious crimes by allegedly visiting freedom fighters'camps. From the beginning of the current detente exercise, Smith himself went on record as saying it would tal-e some time before word reached freedom-fighters in the front instructing them to lay down their arms but to maintain their positions. On our part we stated that Smith must show his seriousness of purpose by releasing all political prisoners and detainees and by freeing all patriots sentenced to death. Instead of doing this, Smith called upon us to lay down our weapons and surrender t his forces or retreat to our bases. This was intolerable provocation against which we rightly reacted by hitting back at Smith's armed troops some of whom flew over operational areas dropping leaflets to this effect. 'e cannot be blamed for this type of folly of 6mith and his henchmen. It is public knowledge that 'jmith continued hang_.ng our patriots inspite of the ceasefire. vJe would be guilty of unpardonable sins of remission to our national duty and responsibility if we sat idle while our gallant heroes were murdered by nolitical assassins masquerading as government leaders. The ANC belongs to the oppressed people of Zimbabwe. ihat ever actions or pronouncements it maes are to promote and to protect the national interests of Zimbabweans. The ANC has bent over backwards to accomodate Smith's adamancy. It has even surprised itself by proposing that constitutional discussions on Rhodesia could be held even in such a place as Pretoria - centre of South iafrica's inhuman oppression and dastardly executions. Smith has apparently taken this as a sign of weakness on the Cont/....-Page One.

ZIMAB.JE REVII! I,&. OG{E JULY 26, 1075. part of the AqC. Smith and his bunchof racists have even sunk to the despicable level of publicly calling the A'KC leadership a pack of dogs. The world at lafge knows what 6mith and his colleagues are. iJe do not intend to call them anything more than what is known of them by sane people. ieanwhile, we continue to deplore and abhor Smith's villainy'. This diabolic presence in our midst will be fought till we have won an outright victory over these forces of evil Finally, it is time Smith and his racist clique removed their chuckle-heads from the sand and faced stark realities. The realities are that the future of Zimbabwe belongs to African majority rule. This will come not because Smith likes it but because the African majority want it so. Smith's present positior versus the people is not only short-sighted but dangerous to him and his minority supporters. The AEC has done more than enough by extending a hand of friendship to the Rhodesia Front's rabid racists who have spat on that hand because it is not white. If that black hand is withdrawn as it should be soon it will be stretched out no longer in friendship but with the inevitable revolutionary violence by which African majority rule will replace 3mith's minority domiination. The Ltru[ggle Continues! o...... PLAYI-IG INTO THE 1-iLDS OF T2E aElEPY. News media have been filled recently by news of the voluntary of students from ii1hodesian schools to join the ANC army. This kind of news has prophetic connotations to the racist leaders. To the oppressed and suppressed masses, it is a milestone in the history of our present armed struggle, and an indication that the people of z imbabwe of all ages and sexes are determined and resolved to pursue their struggle till outright victory. This exodus of students is the Dinnacle of self-sacrifice and a clear understanding of the enemy we face. It is also a realisation of the cardinal fact that a people's government CAN WEVER be instituted in Zimbabwe without a revolution. This progressive trend upholds the dynamic nature of our revolution. Cont/Pa,-e Two.

ZI'iBABJ3E RZVI.0 PA CiE I' i0 JULY 26, 1975. It is a well proved historical process that happens in any revolution whereby people from all walks of life fill its ranks and files, in ever increasing , forsaking their daily toils and professions for the sake of the success of the atruggle, This trend underlines the transcendance of national goals over personal ambitions and assumed progress. This People's Organ, The Zimbabwe Review, cannot do otherwise but commend this healthy outlook of the struggle on the part of these patriotic youths. 'e have to' point out that it is not a phenomenon unique in the Zimbabwe struggle alone. This process has also happened in all countries that got their freedom through countS~ies the barrel of the gun. It suffices to mention a few sca ere/ wherein such a revolutionary process took place:D1ozambique, Algeria, Vietnam, are such countries out of many. This heartenening news of the disappearance of the students into bushes and ending in nearest neighbouring countries to swell our army's ranks is a resounding answer to the 6mith regime's proposal to mobilise all able- bodied settler students, women and men. Smith and his clique threw 'the gauntlet down and the Zimbabwe students and masses have reacted in the only manner appropriate to such insolence:The .evolutionary Way. This answer tolls the death knell to settler rule in Zimbabwe. dhat remains to be tackled is the suspect character this moral boosting news was dissminated to the outside world. The first to break Vais news to the world" was an i frican journalist. The settler rerime wes too embarrassed to reveal such moral shattering news to its supporters and sympathisers. It is the fervent nature of all journalists to feret sensational banner news headlines to increase their personal prestige, fatten their purses, enhance their chances of proniotion and to increase the readership of their respective journals. That is natural enough. Lut such tactics, if dangerous to national goals, must have a limit. Even in the so-called "free-world" there are limits to such licences of news reporting. A glareing example is the 'watergate" scandal where there was virtually a news breakdown between the 1ehite H1ouse and the reporters. In a volatile and inherently dangerous war situation like the one prevailing in Zimbabwe, it is obvious that every genuine Zimbabwean must be very cautious of whatever he does or says in order not to arm the enemy with facts he desperatley needs. Conti .... iaoe Three.

ZIVIBABWE REVI i PAGE THR-1IE JULY 26, 1975. The Enemy knew what was happening, then why blow the trumpet for him? By doing so, you only help him to have an excuse for unleashing his brutal massive security forces to the detriment of the welcome proeress. Above all, you endanger the safety of those who wish to emulate such daring deeds in the future. Hence, revelation of this news by an African, whether a journalist or not, is mischievous and playing into the hands of the enemy. One would go farther and call such a person or persons reactionaries or parochial in theA thinking, or are ignorant of the intricacies of the revolution and reckless people who, unknowingly or knowingly, are trying to frustrate the impetus of the struggle. The logical instantaneous reaction to these revelations by the settler regime is the announcement that they have imposed a dusk to dawn curfew on all border areas with laozambique and Botswana in order to stem this student exodus. They have also imposed local curfews on all schools in l[anicaland and some racist leaders are even calling for stringent measures to be taken to stem this tide by calling for the closure of all schools in these sensetive areas. 'fho has rained in the long run by this uncontrolled vociferous na ture of our people? The settlers. 'Who ever played a hand in such a dastard act can only be condemned by all Ziimbabweans a-d the pro(-ressive mank-ind the world over and praised shy-high by such reactionary chiefs as Chirau. Secrecy is the essence in any revolution. Loudmouthed individuals only warn the enemy and puts him on his cuard. Io revolution has ever been fought on the "politickring front" with everything laid bare for all to see. Disaster will be the outcome if such a policy is not iimiediately curtailed. Who has Pained in the present student voluntary service to the stru-7le? The ,evolution. The revelations have constrained that upsurge. Or was it a case of hunting with the settler hounds and running with the MIC hare? The future will tell!

PAGE FOUR JULY 26, 1975. PEOP]EL13'DiCISION SU'IR.IE. Zimbabweans have been subjected to a defeaning din from various quarters opposed to the holding of a national Congress of the African National Council. The decision to hold a Congress was made by representatives of the people of Zimbabwe meeting as the National Executive in Salisbury on June I, 1975. The voting;one against, two abstentions and 6C for the Congress. We have been told that a Congress would divide the people of Zimbabwe and that the present leadership is adequate to prosecute the struggle. oome have gone to the unbelievable extend of saying that a Congress of the ANC would only be a 'arty affair, while a constitutional conference would be a Iational matter which must be accorded priority. The fear of the opponents of the ANC Congress is that if leadership elections were held they would lose. They know that they hold their present positions without the people6 mandate. They are aware that the people of Zimibabwe ,now the difference between a determined and committed leadership from a part time wavering one. Thus the oppo~nts of a Congress are more powerhungry than patriotic. On our part, we would like to express the feelings of the majority of the people. The majority coprises those who voted 66 for holding Congress to streamline a nuniber of issues so that the liberation struggle can be prosecuted more purposefully and in a more disciplined manner than it has been the case from the signing of the Lusaka ieclaration of Unity last December 7 up to now. -s a Voice of the people of Zinibabwe we have a solemn duty to support the majority in this crucial iss ue. 4e therefore call upon Zimbabweans to discipline themaselves so that they can accepet with respect a democratic rejection of their minority held views. That is the essence of democracy. :e call upon all Zimbabweans who think that tribalism has room anywhere in our fight for national freedom to wash their minds of this scourge and become national. in their outlook an(I activities. Tribalism has no role to play in a National Liberation Ltruggle. Wherever it has been allowed to rear its divisive head, blood has flowed profusely later to the complete regret of every sane mind. Cont/ .... Page L'ive. ZIMBIBWE REVIEW

ZIMBABWE REVIEW PAGE FIVE JULY 26, 1975 We ask all Zimbabweans to% be mature enough politically so as to uphold the people's right to discuss and dfcide their own political course. Having done that, we believe that the need to support the ANC of Zimbabwe for Zimbabweans is obvious. We ask our supporters and sympathisers in free Africa and elsewhere tn com-it themselves to this principle and to follow it in practice. We believe that all genuine revolutionarieas and serious minded people will not find it difficult to support the demands and ,decisions of the majority oppressed masses of Zimbabwe, Needless to point out that the ANC is a National Organization, therefore, its Congress cannot be anything else but National inobaracter, deliberatiods and deciqions. The people's Hight must never be flouted at the expanse of political expedieaco, ...... o ...... 'HE TTLs - DEATH BEDS FOR ZIMBABWEANS The area of Rhodesia is 390,580 sq. km., and the spcalled African land is 180,190 sq. km - of which 163,143 sq. kn- comprises the Tribal Trust Lands and 17,047 sq. km. African purchase areas. There are 3.5 million Africans or 65% of the total population living in the Tribal Trust Lands. This means that on the average there are 20 persons per sq.km. This figure does not in any way reveal the true picture of overpopulation in the Tribal Trust Lands. There are some TTLs which carry up to 140 persons per sq.km. According to recent Annual Reports by the Natural resources Board" there is a serious and deteriorating ecological situation prevailing in the TTLs". For example, the 1974 report sounded a warning note when it said that over population and over stocking in the TTLs, "has placed an intolerable burden on soil, water and vegetation resources of nearly half the land surface of Rhodesia".

ZIMBABWE REVIEW PAGE SIX 1JUIT 2B7 1975 Estimates of the contribution of the TTLs to the National economy are sketchy. According to the"Monthly Digest of Statistics" for 1974, the sales of agricultural produce by the African farmers and peasants through official Government agencies - the Grain P arketing Board, Cold Storage Commision and the Dairy harketing Board, amounted to over 28.8 million 'Rhodesian dollars. This is only 10% of the total agricultural sales. The irony.of land distribution in Rhodesia is that it designates the most fertile and arable land to settlers who are only'5% of the whole population and use onlj 1%- *6f it effectively and arid semi-desert to Africans who ae:5% of the total population. In time, this has created a watershed, on one side of which there is plenty and unoccupied fertile land whilst, on the other there is ove2-population, over-stocking, grinding poverty and hunger. As !on' as this form of land distribution continues, it is inevitable that rapid deterioration of land will 'ollow a-nd th-is will- .e accompained by further reduction in the aiready low, standrdeliving of the people in'he TTLs. The report of the Natural Resources Board placps the blame for this "intolerable"situation on the "uncontrolled expansion of the human and animal population" According to the recists, therefore, the panacea for econcmic development in the 'TTLs is the pill - birth control for the African population. The instrument for administering this inhuman exercise is the Rhodesian Ving of the International Planned, Parenthood Programif.e "the Rhodesian family planning association" Since 1972 several maternity clinics have been opened in both urban and rural areas. From these centres, the sterilisation of Africans is carried out, the ,ill is:-freely distributed and the tube is popularized. Neediess to say, why the Africans have become apathetic about ihe treatment in hospitals and clinics. For example, the number of

ZINBADWE REVIEW PAGE CEVEI[ JULY 26, 1975 patients admitt;ed to hospitals and mission medical clinics has fallen by over 40% durin the last 10 years despite the increase in the African population. There is a high incidence of epidemics such as cholera (in October1973) small pox, bilhazia and others. On the economic side, the racist regime opened the TTLs to private interprise in 1970 when the Tribal Trust Lands Development Corporation (Til-,or) was formed. Initially, this was intended to pinpoint growth points in the TTLs and there set up the so-called "border industries", and create agricultural irrigation schemes. Five years after Tilcor's operation the standard of living of the peasants in the TTLs has fallen, because of the double pressure of the colonial exploitative machinery. Agricultural outpl.t fell by 25% in 1974 as compared to 1972, The all it ms consumer pricus index for agricultural products (average 1970 100) rose by 31% in the. four years up to Dece mber 1974.. Chronic inflation in the capitalist world, has generatad shocking consumer price increases in the developing countries. In Rhodesia this has hit harder the rural population, who pro forced to- depend-on cash products because of the combined effects of semi-desert soils in thi; TTLs, draughts and disruptive administrative measures, Fuch as-ovictions from traditional areas. Inrnthzse zcircumstances 'o ovc-al rcsonsibility for ovor-popgtlo , t overstoing, poverty, death in the rural areas of Rhodesia is the unsolved colonial system of land distribution. /Ove crowding n h-MJ?,qhsharp ..Y contrasts with 4 cacoent "Duropoan| ?W11 aiW Tfq virtually empty and undeveloped. The land policy of our Party, the ANC of Zimbabwe states very clearly that land in Zimbabwe is the common heritage of all the people. The system of freehold land tenure with its concomitant speculation on land, exploitation of the working peasants is not only unsuitable for Zimbabwe,

ZILiBAB REViEU PAGE EIGHT JULY 26, 1975 but also for all developing countries. The Zambian land policy, and, recently, the decree on land in lozambique, to quote a fow ar. elaring examples. The people of Zimbabwe, thcrefore, have a cause to heed the call to join the rovolubionary strug-le for freedom and independence. For ther- arc no reforns that can solve land question in Zimbabwe except an independent Zimbabwe enacting relevant decrees on land can the people of Zimbabwe get back what they because of the colonialisation of their country. WE REGRET TO INFCRM OUR READERS THAT BECAUSE OF RECENT DEVELOPIkiENTS IN THE REVOLUTIONARY STRUGGLE OF THE PEOPLE OF ZI1iBAB,., WE HAVE FOUND IT INPOlIBLE TO CONTINUE PUBLISHING OUR LUSAKA EDITILN OF THE ZILIAB' E REVIEW. TIllS IS THE LAST I.,,UE. OUR READERS AND ,8ULBSRI1,ERS UILL, HOWEVER7 ALL CONTINUI,0 O IU OU- BERLIN £ .-KONTHLY. THEIR ADDRcCES HAVE; BEEN DULY RANFERDE FROM LUSAKA 110 BERLI N. * PAR AVION .ae Library of Afrion, Studies ,North WesternUnivorsity libr'r7, EvIDton, I.Tinios, - PRINTED MATRU,S,o