Checklist of Mammals of the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania

Article in press - uncorrected proof

Mammalia (2007): 47–55 2007 by Walter de Gruyter • Berlin • New York. DOI 10.1515/MAMM.2007.015

Checklist of mammals of the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania

Francesco Rovero1,2,* and Daniela W. De Luca3 an area of 4025 km2. These protected areas are, from north-east to south-west (Figure 1): the Udzungwa 1 Sezione di Zoologia dei Vertebrati, Museo Tridentino di Mountains National Park (UMNP, 1990 km2), the West Scienze Naturali, Via Calepina 14, 38100 Trento, Italy, Kilombero Scarp Forest Reserve (including Ndundulu e-mail: [email protected] and Nymbanitu Forests; 1042 km2), New Dabaga-Ulan- 2 Udzungwa Ecological Monitoring Centre, gambi Forest Reserve (33 km2), Nyanganje Forest c/o Udzungwa Mountains National Park, P.O. Box 99, Reserve (69 km2), Matundu Forest Reserve (106 km2), Mang’ula, Tanzania Iyondo Forest Reserve (280 km2), Uzungwa Scarp Forest 3 Wildlife Conservation Society, P.O. Box 1475, Mbeya, Reserve (207 km2), and a number of isolated forest Tanzania reserves in the south, near Mafinga town (298 km2). *Corresponding author UMNP includes Mwanihana Forest to the east, a large portion of Matundu Forest to the south, which is partially a forest reserve, and Luhomero Forest to the west. Details on single forest blocks are found in Lovett and Keywords: camera trapping; checklist; Eastern Arc Po´ cs (1993) and Dinesen et al. (2001). The altitude range Mountains; mammals; Udzungwa. spans from approximately 300 m in the east to 2600 m a.s.l. for Mount Luhomero in the north-western portion of UMNP. The Udzungwa Mountains are extremely het- erogeneous and contain several different habitat types, We present a checklist of mammals of the Udzungwa with closed-canopy forests interspersed with areas of dry Mountains of south-central Tanzania (78409–88409 S and woodland and grassland (Table 1). The climate is varia- 358109–368509 E; Figure 1). The area (10,000 km2) con- ble, with rainfall being as high as 2000–3000 mm per tains the largest moist forest blocks of the Eastern Arc year on the eastern sides of moist forest blocks, and as Mountains, a chain of ancient massifs partially covered low as 500 mm per year on drier slopes (UMNP unpub- in rainforest (Lovett and Wasser 1993), which is of out- lished data). Rainfall is almost exclusively concentrated standing importance for biodiversity conservation (Myers in two periods: November–December and March–May. et al. 2000, Burgess et al. 2007). The area is also vul- We collected data over a period of 4 years (2002–2005) nerable to human exploitation because of the relatively using a range of methods, especially camera-trapping, small size of the forests, severe fragmentation (Brooks et as well as line-transect censuses mainly for primates and al. 2002) and a lack of effective conservation manage- forest antelopes, transects for sign and track counts, ment. The biodiversity importance of the Udzungwa Mountains is well reflected in the mammalian fauna general survey walks, and village interviews (methodo- (Kingdon and Howell 1993). There are five Udzungwa- logical details in Rovero and Marshall 2005, Rovero et al. endemic mammals in this area and 13 of the 17 mam- 2005, De Luca and Mpunga 2005a,b). We deployed cam- mals that are endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains, era-traps at 75 sites, totalling over 3400 trap-days of Southern Highlands and Mount Kilimanjaro (Burgess et sampling, in four areas: Mwanihana, Matundu and Mbat- al. 2007). In particular, the Udzungwa Mountains hold two wa inside the UMNP, and Uzungwa Scarp to the south endemic and threatened monkeys (Rovero et al. 2006) (Figure 1). We also summarised records and information and one near-endemic, recently discovered new genus from the literature and other researchers. Data on small and species of monkey (Jones et al. 2005, Davenport et mammals and bats are all from published sources. al. 2006); therefore, it is regarded as one of the most We recorded a total of 118 species of mammals important sites in Africa for primate conservation. The belonging to 30 families (Table 2). An additional 12 spe- Udzungwa Mountains also exhibit outstanding carnivore cies are of probable occurrence (Table 2). Carnivores diversity, with at least 26 species recorded (De Luca and were the most represented order in terms of species rich- Mpunga 2005a,b), including Jackson’s mongoose Bdeo- ness (26 species confirmed and five probable), followed gale jacksoni, newly recorded for Tanzania (De Luca and by rodents (25), bats (18), ungulates (16) and primates Rovero 2006), and Lowe’s servaline genet Genetta ser- (12). Five taxa are strictly Udzungwa-endemic: the two valina lowei (De Luca and Mpunga 2002). At least five primates Udzungwa red colobus Procolobus gordono- species of forest antelopes co-exist, including the largest rum and Sanje mangabey Cercocebus galeritus sanjei, population of the Tanzanian-endemic and rare Abbott’s the new giant sengi Rhynchocyon udzungwensis, the duiker Cephalophus spadix (Rovero et al. 2005, Rovero Phillips’ Congo shrew Congosorex phillipsorum, and the et al. in press a). A new species of giant sengi or ele- mouse shrew Myosorex kihaulei. The 13 species that are phant-shrew of the genus Rhynchocyon has recently Eastern Arc-endemic or near-endemic include the kipunji been discovered (Rovero et al. in press b). Rungwecebus kipunji, the mountain galago Galagoides Within the Udzungwa Mountains, the mammal records orinus and Abbott’s duiker C. spadix (see Burgess et al. used in this inventory are from protected areas that cover 2007 for a full list). A total of 14 species are listed as

2007/070201 Article in press - uncorrected proof

48 F. Rovero and D.W. De Luca: Mammal checklist for the Udzungwa Mountains

Figure 1 Map of the Udzungwa Mountains of south-central Tanzania. The major forests are named and the camera-trapping areas indicated. Inset shows the location of the Udzungwa Mountains within the Eastern Arc Mountains of Kenya and Tanzania (map created by A. Pallaveri, Museo Tridentino di Scienze Naturali). globally threatened according to IUCN (2007) criteria, ical importance for surveying forest mammals, as found with eight species assessed as endangered and six as in other studies in tropical areas (Silveira et al. 2003, vulnerable. The kipunji is currently being assessed (Dav- Trolle 2003a,b). enport et al. in press). Camera-trapping yielded a total of The checklist shows that the Udzungwa Mountains are 2050 photographs representing 42 species. Of these, 16 species-rich in terms of their mammalian fauna, confirm- species were carnivores and 14 were ungulates. Consid- ing that the area is of outstanding importance for mam- ering that we recorded 55 species that are terrestrial and malian endemism and biogeography (Kingdon and large enough to trigger the camera-trap sensor (i.e., Howell 1993, Dinesen et al. 2001, Stanley et al. 2005b, excluding small mammals and volant, fossorial and non- Rovero et al. in press b). The area was already classified arboreal species), camera-trapping appears to be of crit- as the site with the highest number of endemic and near-

Table 1 Features of the main habitat types in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania.

Habitat type Altitude Dominant tree species Description range (m) Grassland and wooded 300–1500 Acacia spp., Brachystegia spp. Bracken and grassland with scattered trees grassland (WG) Woodland (W) 300–2000 Low elevation: Commiphora spp., Adansonia Deciduous woodland with low canopy digitata; Low to mid elevation: Brachystegia (to 20 m) variable from very dense to open spp., Pterocarpus angolensis; mid to high elevation: Acacia spp., Uapaka kirkiana Lowland forest (LF) 300–800 Funtumia africana, Erythrophleum suaveolens, Forest with deciduous and semi-deciduous Treculia africana, Lettowianthus stellatus, trees, canopy 15–25 m with emergents to Anthocleista grandiflora, Sorindeia 50 m madagascariensis, Parkia filicoidea, Pteleopsis myrtifolia Sub-montane forest 800–1400 Parinari excelsa, Felicium decipiens, Moist forest with mainly evergreen species, (SF) Harungana madagascariense, Allanblackia canopy 25–40 m with emergents to 50 m stuhlmannii, Trilepsium madagascariense, Isoberlinia scheffleri

Montane forest (MF)1 1400–2600 Parinari excelsa, Ocotea usambarensis, Evergreen moist forest, with canopy height Hagenia abyssinica, Syzygium sp., Macaranga progressively lower with altitude kilimandscharica, Caloncoba welwitschii 1 MF includes upper montane forest (sensu Lovett 1993), which is above 1800 m and often contains bamboo towards the peaks of the mountains. Article in press - uncorrected proof

F. Rovero and D.W. De Luca: Mammal checklist for the Udzungwa Mountains 49 FMNH 4 ) FMNH ) FMNH ), Carleton and Stanley 2005 FMNH H. denniae L. flavopunctatus U. anchietae communication communication Griselda’s striped grass mouseDark-coloured brush-furred rat T T SF, MF MF LC LC Topp-Jørgensen et al. 2001b Stanley et al. 2005a (as FMNH Woodland dormouseSpiny miceAfrican marsh ratWoodland thicket ratRuwenzori thicket rat TMacMillan’s thicket ratTanzanian montane wood mouse T MF T T T T T SF, MF LF SF, MF LC MF LF LF, SF, MF Not listed LC LC Stanley et Tanzania LC Forest al. Conservation 2005a Group/MTSN LC (as unpublished data LC UDSM Stanley Topp-Jørgensen et et al. al. 2001b 1998, 2005a Stanley et al. Stanley 1998, et 2005a al. Stanley 1998, et 2005a al. 1998, 2005a FMNH FMNH FMNH FMNH FMNH Natal multimammate mousePygmy miceGrey-bellied pygmy mouse T T LF, SF T MF LC LF, SF LC Stanley et al. 2005a LC Tanzania Forest Conservation Group/MTSN unpublished data Stanley et al. 2005a FMNH FMNH Small-eared galagoFour-toad elephant-shrewChequered elephant-shrewGrey-faced elephant-shrew O, Voc O O, Ph W O,Lord Ph, Derby’s T anomalure W, LF, SF, SF, MF MF W, LF, SF, MF NT LC O, LC T Not listed This Rovero study LF, et SF, This MF al. study in press A. b Perkin personal communication LC A. Marshall, M. Menengon, T. Jones and W. Stanley personal UDSM MTSN, FMNH MTSN Uzungwe vlei rat T MF EN Stanley et al. 1998 (as Sanje mangabeySykes’ monkeyVervet monkeyYellow baboonUdzungwa red colobusAngolan colobus O, Ph O, Ph O LF, O SF, MF O, Ph LF, SF, MF EN O W, W, LF LF LF, LC SF, MF VU This LF, study, SF, MF Dinesen et LC al. LC 2001 This study, Dinesen et al. LC 2001 This study, Dinesen et al. This 2001, This study, Struhsaker study Dinesen et et al. al. 2004 2001 This study, Dinesen et al. 2001 MTSN MTSN, WCS MTSN Kipunji O MF In press Jones et al. 2005, Davenport et al. in press Udzungwa galagoMountain galagoGrant’s galagoGreater galago O, Voc W, O, LF, Voc SF O, Voc MF O, Ph, Not Voc listed W, LF MF Butynski et al. 1998, 2006, A. Perkin personal DD communication LC DD Butynski et al. 1998, This A. study, Perkin Topp-Jørgensen et personal A. al. communication Perkin 2001a, personal A. communication Perkin personal WCS Common name Detection Habitat Threat status Source Institution 2 zanzibaricus 3 1 Checklist of mammals of the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. Lemniscomys griselda Lophuromys aquilus Graphiurus murinus Acomys spinosissimus Dasymys incomtus Grammomys dolichurus Grammomys ibeanus Grammomys macmillani Hylomyscus arcimontensis Mastomys natalensis Mus minutoides Mus triton Otolemur garnettii Petrodromus tetradactylus Anomalurus cf derbianus Rhynchocyon cirnei reichardi Rhynchocyon udzungwensis Otomys uzungwensis Procolobus gordonorum Galagoides Cercopithecus mitis cf moloneyi Cercopithecus aethiops Papio cynocephalus Colobus angolensis palliatus Cercocebus galeritus sanjei Rungwecebus kipunji udzungwensis Galagoides orinus Galagoides granti Otolemur crassicaudatus Gliridae Muridae Macroscelididae Anomaluridae Colobidae Galagonidae Cercopithecidae Macroscelidea Rodentia Table 2 Scientific name Primates Article in press - uncorrected proof

50 F. Rovero and D.W. De Luca: Mammal checklist for the Udzungwa Mountains ) FMNH D. melanotis communication Wild dogAfrican clawless otterZorillaStriped weaselHoney badger (Ratel) O S Ph LF, O SF Int WG Throughout LC W LC ? EN This study, De This Luca study, and LC De Mpunga Luca 2005a and Mpunga 2005a LC De Luca and Mpunga 2005a De Luca and Mpunga 2005a De Luca and Mpunga 2005a WCS (skin) MTSN, WCS Nyika climbing mouseSwynnerton’s bush squirrelTanganyika mountain squirrelCrested porcupine T O, O, Ph, Ph, T TCane rat LF, SF SF, MF SFStuhlmann’s golden mole Ph DD VUElgon shrew LC TDesperate Throughout shrewTiny This This musk study, study, N. shrew N. Cordeiro Cordeiro O personalHildegarde’s LC and shrew communication D. Moyer personalMusk communication shrew MFOlivier’s Stanley shrew FMNH et al. 1998Savannah path shrewRombo WG, shrew LF, MF This studyTelford’s shrew T TClimbing LC shrew T T UDSM LCMouse shrewPhillips’ Congo shrew T MF T T LF, SF SF SF This study, D. Tanzania Moyer ForestSide-striped and Conservation jackal Group/MTSN M. unpublished T Menegon data personal T communication LF, SF T T LC UDSM SF, LF, MF EN SF T LC LC ? LC ? LC SF MF S,O LC Stanley Hutterer et et al. al. 1998, 1991 2005a MF FMNH Stanley Stanley et et al. al. 1998, 2005a 2005a Stanley LF, et MF, WG al. DD 2005a Stanley et EN Stanley Not al. et LC listed 2005a al. 1998, 2005a LC EN MTSN, WCS Stanley et al. 2005b Stanley et al. Stanley 1998 et Stanley al. et 1998 al. De 1998, Luca 2005a and Mpunga Stanley 2005a, and M. Hutterer 2000 Menegon personal FMNH FMNH FMNH FMNH FMNH FMNH FMNH FMNH FMNH FMNH FMNH FMNH House ratFour-striped grass mouseEast-African soft-furred ratLesser pouched ratGiant T pouched rat TBrant’s climbing mouse SF, MF T SF T T Ph DD LF SF, MF NT MF Throughout Topp-Jørgensen et LC al. 2001b NT LC Stanley et LC al. 1998, 2005a This study Stanley et al. Stanley 1998 et al. 1998, Stanley Stanley et et al. al. 1998, 2005a 2005a (as FMNH FMNH FMNH FMNH MTSN, WCS Common name Detection Habitat Threat status Source Institution 1 Lycaon pictus Aonyx capensis Ictonyx striatus Poecilogale albinucha Mellivora capensis Dendromus nyikae Paraxerus vexillarious byatti Hystrix cristata Thryonomys swinderianus Chrysochloris stuhlmanni Crocidura elgonius Canis adustus Paraxerus lucifer Crocidura desperata Crocidura fuscomurina Crocidura hildegardeae Crocidura luna Crocidura olivieri Crocidura viaria suahelae Crocidura monax Crocidura telfordi Sylvisorex megalura Myosorex kihaulei Congosorex phillipsorum Rattus rattus Beamys hindei Rhabdomys pumilio Praomys delectorum Cricetomys gambianus Dendromus nyasae Mustelidae Sciuridae Hystricidae Thryonomyidae Chrysochloridae Soricidae Canidae Nesomyidae Afrosoricida Insectivora Carnivora (Table 2 continued) Scientific name Article in press - uncorrected proof

F. Rovero and D.W. De Luca: Mammal checklist for the Udzungwa Mountains 51 T. Jones personal communication communication Ground pangolinAardvarkEastern O tree hyraxYellow-spotted hyrax LFAfrican elephant Ph skull O, Voc, Ph LF, SF, MF NT MF W, WG, LF, SF LC LC Ph, O A. Marshall personal communication LC Throughout This study This study VU Topp-Jørgensen et al. 2001a This study MTSN MTSN, WCS MTSN, WCS CaracalLeopardLion Ph Ph S, O W, WG Throughout LC Throughout LC VU This study, De Luca and De Mpunga Luca 2005a and Mpunga This 2005a study, De Luca and Mpunga 2005a, MTSN, WCS WCS Common genetLarge spotted genetLowe’s servaline genetAfrican civetAfrican palm civetSlender Ph mongoose Ph PhDwarf mongooseBanded mongooseMarsh mongoose W, LF,White-tailed SF, LF, mongoose MF SF W, LF, SF PhMeller’s Ph mongooseBushy-tailed mongoose O LC LCJackson’s mongoose LC Int Ph Throughout LF, SF, PhSpotted MF hyaena PhAardwolf LC LF Ph This study, LC This Ph De study, Luca This De WG,Wild and study, WG, Luca W cat Mpunga De and W, 2005a Luca Ph LF W, Mpunga WG and 2005aServal Mpunga 2005a LF, SF, MF W, LF, LC SF, This MF SF study, De LC Luca LC This and LC study, Mpunga EN De LF LC 2005a Luca Ph and Mpunga 2005a This study, De Rk Luca De De LC and Throughout Luca Luca Mpunga This and This and 2005a study, De Mpunga study, Mpunga De Luca 2005a De 2005a Luca and Luca VU and Mpunga and Mpunga MTSN, 2005a Mpunga 2005a WCS MTSN, CD 2005a S WCS MTSN, WCS W, WG Ph, O De Luca and Mpunga 2005a MTSN, De WCS Luca and LF This MTSN, W, Rovero study, WCS WG, 2006 De LF LC Luca and Mpunga 2005a LC MTSN, WCS MTSN, MTSN, WCS LC De WCS Luca and Mpunga 2005a De Luca and Mpunga 2005a, M. WCS Menegon personal De Luca and Mpunga 2005a MTSN, WCS WCS WCS MTSN, WCS Common name Detection Habitat Threat status Source Institution 1 Manis temminckii Orycteropus afer Dendrohyrax arboreus Loxodonta africana Heterohyrax brucei Felis caracal Panthera pardus Panthera leo Genetta genetta Nandinia binotata Herpestes sanguinea Crocuta crocuta Felis sylvestris Genetta maculata Genetta servalina lowei Civettictis civetta Helogale parvula Mungus mungo Atilax paludinosus Ichneumonia albicauda Rhynchogale melleri Bdeogale crassicauda Bdeogale jacksoni Proteles cristatus Felis serval Manidae Orycteropodidae Procaviidae Elephantidae Viverridae Nandiniidae Herpestidae Hyaenidae Felidae Pholidota Tubulidentata Hyracoidea Proboscidea (Table 2 continued) Scientific name Article in press - uncorrected proof

52 F. Rovero and D.W. De Luca: Mammal checklist for the Udzungwa Mountains This study, Rovero et al. 2005 MTSN, WCS 4 HippopotamusSable antelopeKirk’s dikdikSuniWater buckAfrican buffaloBush duikerGreater kudu Ph, OLesser kudu Ph,Bushbuck OEland LF Ph W, WGWahlberg’s epaluetted fruit batAngolan Ph, Ph fruit O batEast-African little Ph, collared W T O fruit PhEgyptian bat fruit CD bat Ph LC T Throughout LF, Ph WHairy slit-faced LF, SF, bat MF CD O W, LF, WGCape SF serotine W bat This CD LCButterfly SF study This bat study T WWelwitch’s Int, CD bat OLesser This long-fingered T LC study W, bat LF, LC SF, MF T G,Damara LC W This woolly This study, bat CD study Rovero SF, MF et VU al. This 2005 study CD T LF, SF T ThisNoack’s study roundleaf This bat study, L. LFCyclops Trentin unpublished roundleaf CD data LC bat This study, T This TDecken’s Rovero study horseshoe et bat Stanley al. et 2005 Bushveld al. This horseshoe 2005a SF study, bat LC A. T MF PerkinGeoffroy’s horseshoe personal bat communicationHildebrandt’s horseshoe bat T This Stanley study, LC LF et SF, T. MF Jones al. T personal 2005a T communication T L. LF Trentin T LC T unpublished data, LC Stanley et al. 2005a LF, LC SF, MF Stanley et LF, SF LF al. LC MTSN 2005a MTSN, WCS WCS MF LC LF, MF SF Stanley et LC WCS Brink al. MTSN, et 2005a WCS al. 2001a,b, L. Brink et Trentin LC unpublished al. data 2001b MTSN, L. WCS Trentin FMNH unpublished DD data LC Brink LC et al. LC L. 2001b, WCS Trentin L. unpublished Trentin data unpublished data MTSN, WCS L. Trentin unpublished FMNH data, Stanley WCS et L. al. Trentin L. 2005b unpublished data, Trentin Brink unpublished UDSM Stanley data et et al. Brink al. 2001b WCS et 2005b al. 2001a,b FMNH UDSM, MTSN FMNH FMNH FMNH FMNH MTSN MTSN UDSM, FMNH MTSN UDSM UDSM Bush pigWarthogBlue duikerHarvey’s duikerAbbott’s duiker Ph, O Ph, O Ph, O Ph, O Ph Throughout W,LF W, LF, LC SF, MF SF, MF CD LF, SF, MF LC EN This study This study, Rovero and Marshall 2005 This study This study MTSN, WCS MTSN, WCS WCS MTSN Common name Detection Habitat Threat status Source Institution sp. – T MF – Topp-Jørgensen et al. 2001b UDSM sp. – T MF – Brink et al. 2001b UDSM 1 Hippopotamus amphibius Epomophorus wahlbergi Nycteris hispida Neoromicia capensis Hippotragus niger Madoqua kirkii Neotragus moschatus Kobus ellipsiprymnus Syncerus caffer Sylvicapra grimmia Tragelaphus strepsiceros Tragelaphus imberbis Tragelaphus scriptus Taurotragus oryx Lissonycteris angolensis Myonycteris relicta Rousettus aegyptiacus Glauconycteris variegata Myotis welwitschii Miniopterus fraterculus Miniopterus Pipistrellus Hipposideros cyclops Rhinolophus deckenii Rhinolophus simulator Rhinolophus clivosus Rhinolophus hildebrandti Kerivoula argentata Hipposideros ruber Potamochoerus larvatus Philantomba monticola Phacochoerus africanus Cephalophus harveyi Cephalophus spadix Nesomyidae Nycteridae Vespertilionidae Hipposideridae Suidae Bovidae (Table 2 continued) Scientific name Artiodactyla Article in press - uncorrected proof

F. Rovero and D.W. De Luca: Mammal checklist for the Udzungwa Mountains 53 upper montane and bamboo. Threat status 005). ity of Dar es Salaam; WCS, Wildlife Conservation tutions where voucher specimens or photographs esent by at least 60% of interviewees were included). Senegal galagoBlack-backed jackalBat-eared foxEgyptian mongooseStriped hyaenaCheetahBohor reedbuck IntKlipspringer IntAfrican hedgehogsSmith’s Int red rock hareSmith’s bush Int squirrelGambian sun squirrel Int Int Int Int Int Int Int LC Int LC LC LC De Luca NT and D. Mpunga Moyer 2005a and A. Perkin CD personal De communication Luca and Mpunga LC 2005a De LC VU Luca and Mpunga CD 2005a LC De Luca and LC Mpunga 2005a D. Moyer personal communication This study De D. Luca Moyer and and This Mpunga A. study, D. 2005a Bowkett A. Moyer personal Bowkett personal communication personal communication This communication study Common name Detection Habitat Threat status Source Institution 5 is adopted by Grubb et al. (2003). 1 Galagoides Galagoides senegalensis Canis mesomelas Otocyon megalotis Herpestes ichneumon Hyaena hyaena Acinonyx jubatus Redunca redunca Oreotragus oreotragus Atelerix albiventris Pronolagus rupestris Paraxerus cf. cepapi Heliosciurus cf undulatus Taxonomy follows Wilson and ReederSanje (2005), mangabey unless is otherwise considered stated. The a genus sub-species by GrubbAbbott’s et duiker al. has (2003); been however, re-assessedClaimed it in by is 2006 25–50% given as of full IUCN interviewees species Endangered or status by unconfirmed/uncertain by D. record. others Moyer, (Kingdon T. 1997, Jones Wilson and and F.R. Reeder 2 (Table 2 continued) Scientific name Species of possible occurrence Detection: O, observed; Ph,Habitat photo-trapped; (see T, trapped; Table Voc, 1):follows vocalisation; WG, IUCN S, grassland (2007): scat; and EN, Sp,are wooded spoor; found endangered; (for Rd, grassland; VU, species road W, vulnerable; trappedSociety kill; dry CD, or Int, – camera-trapped): woodland; conservation interview FMNH, Southern LF, dependent;1 Field (species Highlands lowland NT, Museum claimed Conservation forest; near of Programme. to Natural SF, threatened; be sub-montane History;2 LC, pr MTSN, forest; least Museo MF, Tridentino concern; montane di DD, Scienze3 forest Naturali; data including UDSM, deficient. Univers Insti 4 5 Article in press - uncorrected proof

54 F. Rovero and D.W. De Luca: Mammal checklist for the Udzungwa Mountains endemic mammals within the Eastern Arc Mountains. Acknowledgements The Udzungwa Mountains are unique in comparison to other Eastern Arc Mountains in terms of both the greater size of forested areas and greater altitudinal range of forest cover. Moreover, the broad variation of habitat types We thank two anonymous reviewers for providing useful com- that mainly occur within the National Park means that the ments on the manuscript and we are grateful to the following Udzungwa Mountains support mammals from both dry biologists for providing records and suggestions for compiling and moist habitats. the checklist: A. Bowkett, N. Cordeiro, T. Jones, A. Marshall, M. Although some mammal groups have been thoroughly Menegon, D. Moyer, A. Perkin, W. Stanley, and L. Trentin. For researched, especially carnivores, diurnal primates and additional information, we thank the rangers and staff at the forest antelopes, knowledge on the distribution, abun- Udzungwa Mountains National Park and the villagers of Mkula, Msosa, Msolwa and Ruipa. We thank the wardens and staff at dance and conservation status of many taxa is still very the Udzungwa Mountains National Park for logistic support and limited. Moreover, we conducted most of our camera- several field assistants, including L. Kababa, R. Laizzer, A. trap surveys inside the National Park, and therefore we Mdeme, S. Melchiorre, N. Mpunga, A. Mtui, J. Msirikale and R. do not have records for many species in other sites. Taxa Mwakisoma. T. Davenport provided insightful comments on the needing future attention include: nocturnal primates; manuscript and with W. Stanley and T. Jones helped to refine kipunji; Sanje mangabey; small carnivore species that the checklist. Research permits were granted by the Tanzania were recorded sporadically and/or indirectly (e.g., Mel- Commission for Science and Technology; Tanzania Wildlife ler’s mongoose, serval, caracal, wild dog and wild cat); Research Institute; Tanzania National Parks; and Forestry and Abbott’s duiker; and dry habitat antelopes (e.g., sable, Beekeeping Division. F.R. was supported through grants from: greater and lesser kudu, eland). Among the smaller spe- Provincia Autonoma di Trento through Museo Tridentino di cies, sampling of small mammals and bats was limited Scienze Naturali, Margot Marsh Biodiversity Fund (through T. to a few sites, and little information is likewise available Struhsaker and through C. Ehardt, T. Struhsaker and T. Butynski), National Geographic Society (through T. Struhsaker), for giant sengis, squirrels and hyraxes. Considering the and Rufford Small Grants. D.D.L. was supported by the Wildlife number of species that have been discovered recently, Conservation Society. namely the kipunji, Phillips’ Congo shrew and the grey- faced sengi, further survey work focussed especially on small mammals might still reveal new records and/or new species. The main threats to Udzungwa’s mammals are hunting References and habitat degradation and loss (Dinesen et al. 2001, Nielsen 2006, this study). The most serious encroach- ment is happening in the forest reserves, which are not Brink, H., J.E. Topp-Jørgensen and A.R. Marshall. 2001a. Bats adequately protected under the current management of New Dabaga/Ulangambi Forest Reserve. In: (K.Z. Doody, regimes (Rovero and Menegon 2005, Burgess et al. K.M. Howell and E. Fanning, eds.) New Dabaga/Ulangambi 2007). In addition to hunting, which targets mainly ungu- Forest Reserve – Zoological Report. Unpublished report for the Udzungwa Mountains Forest Management and Biodiver- lates (De Luca and Mpunga 2005a), firewood collection, sity Conservation Project. Frontier Tanzania. pp. 42–44. farming, and tree cutting are routinely conducted and the Brink, H., J.E. Topp-Jørgensen and A.R. Marshall. 2001b. Bats impact on the mammal fauna is evident. Firewood col- of West Kilombero Scarp Forest Reserve. In: (K.Z. Doody, lection has been allowed in the National Park since its K.M. Howell and E. Fanning, eds.) West Kilombero Scarp establishment in 1992 and this is having a serious impact Forest Reserve – Zoological Report. Unpublished report for on the microfauna associated with the forest floor (Nyun- the Udzungwa Mountains Forest Management and Biodiver- do et al. 2006), and probably on ground-dwelling mam- sity Conservation Project. Frontier Tanzania. pp. 29–45. mals such as the Sanje mangabey and duikers. The most Brooks, T.M., R.A. Mittermeier, C.G. 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