Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D

Northern Gateway Pipelines Ltd Partnership by WorleyParsons Services Ltd. Reply Evidence Appendix D - List of Attachments:

Appendix D List of Attachments

This appendix lists attachments to this report. No. Description Filename Revision 1 River Fish and Fish Habitat Summary, AMEC ENGP Kitimat Fish and Fish Habitat 2012 Summary_120719 Attachment 1.pdf 2 Buckland-Taylor Bridge and Mott Hatch Portal Hoult Creek Crossing Attachment 2.pdf Structure 3 Hoult Valley Alluvial Fan Proposed Cross Section and Hoult Valley Attachment 3.pdf Photo 4 Hunter Creek HDD Plan and Profile Hunter Creek Proposed HDD Crossing Attachment 4.pdf 5 Upper Kitimat Valley Rock Cut and Photo Upper Kitimat Valley Attachment 5.pdf 6 Chist Creek Rock Cut and Photo Chist Creek Attachment 6.pdf 7 Chist Creek HDD Crossing Plan Chist creek Proposed HDD Crossing Attachment 7.pdf

July 19, 2012 Page 51

Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D

Northern Gateway Pipelines Ltd Partnership by WorleyParsons Canada Services Ltd. Reply Evidence Appendix D - List of Attachments:

Attachment 1: Kitimat River Fish and Fish Habitat Summary, AMEC 2012

July 19, 2012 Page 52

Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D

AMEC Environment & Infrastructure, a Division of AMEC Americas Limited Suite 600 – 4445 Lougheed Highway, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5C 0E4 Tel +1 (604) 294-3811 Fax +1 (604) 294-4664 www.amec.com

Kitimat River Fish and Fish Habitat Summary

ENBRIDGE NORTHERN GATEWAY PROJECT

Submitted to:

Northern Gateway Pipelines Inc. Calgary, Alberta

Submitted by:

AMEC Environment & Infrastructure, a Division of AMEC Americas Limited Burnaby, BC

June 2012

AMEC File: CE04112.405

Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D

Northern Gateway Pipelines Inc. Kitimat River Fish and Fish Habitat Summary June 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 1

2.0 METHODOLOGY ...... 1

3.0 FISH AND FISH HABITAT SUMMARY ...... 1

REFERENCES ...... 5

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Fish species captured or observed within the Kitimat River ...... 2

AMEC File: CE04112.504 Page i Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D

IMPORTANT NOTICE

This report was prepared exclusively for Northern Gateway Pipelines Inc. by AMEC Environment & Infrastructure, a wholly owned subsidiary of AMEC Americas Limited. The quality of information, conclusions and estimates contained herein is consistent with the level of effort involved in AMEC services and based on: i) information available at the time of preparation, ii) data supplied by outside sources, and iii) the assumptions, conditions and qualifications set forth in this report. This report is intended to be used by Northern Gateway Pipelines Inc. only, subject to the terms and conditions of its contract with AMEC. Any other use of, or reliance on, this report by any third party is at that party’s sole risk.

Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D

Northern Gateway Pipelines Inc. Kitimat River Fish and Fish Habitat Summary June 2012

1.0 INTRODUCTION The following discussion provides an overview of the historical fish and fish habitat data available for the Kitimat River. Throughout the course of pipeline, the Kitimat mainstem is not directly crossed, however in the event of a spill, the contents transported through the pipeline could enter the Kitimat River through surface flow discharge from the impacted tributary stream.

2.0 METHODOLOGY A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the fish and fish habitat within the Kitimat River. Search engines for internet based inquiries (e.g. Google Scholar and Web of Science) and provincial database searches (Ecological Reports Catalogue, Habitat Wizard, and Fisheries Information Summary System) were utilized to compile available information.

3.0 FISH AND FISH HABITAT SUMMARY The Kitimat River originates in the from Atna Peak within west-central . The river flows north from its headwaters, west while it passes through the mountains, then south where it terminates as it discharges into the Pacific Ocean at the head of near the City of Kitimat. This 98 km long river drains an area of 3,500 km2 (Applied Aquatic Research Ltd. 2007). Nine sub-watersheds contribute to the river: the Kitimat River tributaries, Hoult Creek, Chist Creek, Cecil Creek, Deception Creek, Wedeene River, Little Wedeene River, Anderson Creek, and Moore Creek watersheds. The sinuosity of the entire river represents an extremely non-linear drainage pattern. The last 32 km of the river, starting from the Kitimat Valley however has a relatively straight classification of sinuosity (MacDonald and Shepherd 1983).The general land use along the Kitimat River includes industrial, linear development (CN rail), and forestry (MOE 2011).

A total of 19 fish species, including both anadromous and residential coastal cutthroats, have been identified to utilize the Kitimat River (Table 1). These species include 11 sport fish species and 7 forage fish species. Three fish species are recognized under the provincial species at risk designation as blue species; this means they are of Special Concern (formally vulnerable). The blue-listed species include coastal cutthroat trout, Dolly Varden, and eulachon. They are listed as such because these fish have characteristics (such as habitat preference) that make them particularly sensitive or vulnerable to anthropogenic activities or natural disturbances. However, they are not recognized as threatened, extirpated or endangered (Pearson and Healey 2012). Logging and land development, both relevant to the Kitimat Valley, are recognized stressors that can negatively impacted these populations (Karanka 1993, McPhail 2007). The remaining 15 fish species are all considered provincially secure (yellow) (Pearson and Healey 2012). No SARA, COSEWIC or provincially “Red” listed species have been reported in the Kitimat River (Pearson and Healey 2012).

AMEC File: CE4112.405 Page 1 Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D

Northern Gateway Pipelines Inc. Kitimat River Fish and Fish Habitat Summary June 2012

Table 1: Fish species captured or observed within the Kitimat River Status Common Name Latin Name BC List COSEWIC SARA Sport Fish Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus Yellow (not listed) (not listed) tshawytscha Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta Yellow (not listed) (not listed) Coho salmon Oncorhynchus Yellow (not listed) (not listed) kisutch Coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki Blue (not listed) (not listed) (Anadromous) clarki Cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki (not listed) (not listed) (not listed) Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma Blue (not listed) (not listed) Kokanee Oncorhynchus (not listed) (not listed) (not listed) nerka Pink salmon Oncorhynchus Yellow (not listed) (not listed) gorbuscha Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus Yellow (not listed) (not listed) mykiss Sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus Yellow (not listed) (not listed) nerka Steelhead (winter- Oncorhynchus (not listed) (not listed) (not listed) and summer-run) mykiss Forage Fish Coastrange sculpin Cottus aleuticus Yellow (not listed) (not listed) Eulachon, candlefish Thaleichthys Blue (not listed) (not listed) pacificus Lamprey (general) Pacific lamprey Lampetra tridentata Yellow (not listed) (not listed) Prickly sculpin Cottus asper Yellow (not listed) (not listed) Pacific staghorn Leptocottus armatus (not listed) (not listed) (not listed) sculpin Stickleback (general) Gasterosteus sp. - - - Threespine stickleback Gasterosteus Yellow (not listed) (not listed) aculeatus

Since 1983, a Fisheries and Ocean Canada (DFO) hatchery in the lower Kitimat River has released juvenile chinook salmon, chum salmon, coho salmon, and steelhead trout on an annual basis. Juvenile cutthroat trout were released annually from 1987 to 2010 (Levy, D.A. 2009, Lough, J. 1990, MacKinlay 1985, McNeill unknown, McNeill 1986, MOE 2011, MSRM unknown). In total, over 8.5 million juveniles have been released with over 250,000 adults returning (Whelen and Bradley, 2010). Stocking began in this river as an effort to mitigate anthropogenic and natural pressures on the fisheries. The Kitimat River is recognized as amongst the most popular sport fisheries in BC for salmonids (Lough, J. 1990, Levy 2009). The majority of anglers concentrate in the lower mainstem from April through to October where there is easier access (Levy 2009). Currently, the only section of the Kitimat River that is restricted to fishing is a year-long ban on a section along the west half of the river near the Kitimat Hatchery outfall and no powerboats are permitted on the mainstem or tributaries. Catch-and-release practices are required for wild steelhead and kokanee (MFLNRO 2011).

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Northern Gateway Pipelines Inc. Kitimat River Fish and Fish Habitat Summary June 2012

A few preliminary fish habitat inventories have been conducted on the Kitimat River since the mid 1970s. Fall salmon spawning surveys in the upper Kitimat observed that the most used areas on the Kitimat mainstem were located at the confluence of tributaries and along braided sections. The highest concentration of spawning salmon occurred between Tetlock and Hunter Creeks (Eccles and Morris 1976). Steelhead redds have been observed between the Haisla town bridge to Hunter Creek but were concentrated (over 50 redds) between the mouth of Little Wedeene River and Humphrys Creek (Morris and Eccles 1978). Eccles and Morris (1976) found that steelhead trout preferred to construct redds on the lower ends of flats between section of riffle or in deep runs. However, their study was conducted post spawning and had different water conditions than what the fish chose to spawn in. It was suggested to conduct surveys from April to June, while the adults were on the redds, in order to gain further insight regarding spawning site selection. Almost the entire mainstem can be utilized for spawning and rearing since salmonids can nearly reach the headwaters of the Kitimat River (Birch et al. 1981, Morris and Eccles 1978, MacDonald and Shepherd 1983, MOE 2011). The actual location of spawning grounds is subject to seasonal change in response to gravel bed shifts during high flows which makes it difficult to definitively identify recurring spawning area (Morris and Eccles 1976).

Salmonid escapement begins in May for chinook where as chum, pink and sockeye arrive at the end of June. Spawners hold in the river until they are ripe enough for spawning. Peak spawning occurs throughout August. Coho return to the Kitimat River around the beginning of September and spawn in late September and may continue through to mid December. Steelhead however, starts to return to the river in mid March with spawning beginning in mid April. Escapement and spawning timing for all the salmonids is variable as a result of changing physical factors including water temperatures and streamflow.

The entire mainstem is used by salmon for spawning but to various ranges. Coho have been observed spawning in the mainstem up to 53 km from the river mouth. Chum salmon tend to concentrate spawning activity within the first 14 km from the river mouth but do use spawning grounds up to the 40 km river mark. Pink salmon redds are constructed in stream substrates in the reach from the Humphreys Creek-Kitimat River confluence to the river mouth. Sockeye salmon however, have only been observed using the Kitimat mainstem for spawning at the confluence with Hunter Creek (MacDonald and Shepherd 1983).

Rearing habitat for only a few of the fish species found within the Kitimat River has been previously explored. Braided sections (i.e. below Hoult and Davies Creeks) and areas with cobble substrate provided the main habitat refuges utilized by rearing juvenile salmonids (Eccles and Morris, 1976; Ministry of Environment, 2011). The braided sections of the river also provide habitat during low water periods when fish from the tributaries may also migrate into the mainstem (Morris and Eccles 1976, MOE 2011). Morris and Eccles (1976) observed the majority of the rearing juvenile steelhead trout were in the upper portion of the Kitimat River above the Wedeene River and in cobble substrate sections where the water was approximately 0.5 m deep (Morris and Eccles, 1976). A concentration of chinook juveniles has been observed below the Davis rapids and above the Highway 37 bridge (Birch et al. 1981).

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Northern Gateway Pipelines Inc. Kitimat River Fish and Fish Habitat Summary June 2012

Juvenile chum, chinook and coho salmon use the Kitimat River for rearing whereas pink salmon begin their seaward migration almost immediately. Chum rear in fresh water for only a few weeks before heading to the ocean. Chinooks and coho tend to for one to two years in the system before they migrate to the estuary to continue rearing. Post-emergent chum, chinook and coho fry tend to remain in the vicinity of their natal spawning grounds while rearing in the Kitimat River (Birch et al. 1981).

Emigration from the Kitimat system varies depending on the salmonid species. Chum salmon fry emerge around early April. The majority of emigration occurred by mid April as a response to their short rearing period in freshwater. Outmigration of Chinook fry occurred between April to late May and peaked around mid April. Coho fry emerge between May to late June. Coho smolts, comprised of one and two years olds, emigrate out of freshwater from early April to mid August. Coho fry that did not overwinter in freshwater utilized the estuary for rearing. Peak emergence and outmigration of pink salmon fry occurred in early April. Emigration of fry originating within tributary streams however took place slightly later than in the mainstem. Noctural migration was preferred for all of the salmonids found within the Kitimat system (Birch et al. 1981).

MacDonald and Shepherd (1983) and Birch et al. (1981) conducted biophysical watershed based studies of the Kitimat system. Physical characteristics that could influence the Kitimat River mainstem fishery included geology, topography, surface and ground water quality, discharge, and sediment loads were discussed. Biological aspects relevant to the mainstem fishery included salmon escapement, spawning, emergence, and migration timing. A brief description of the vegetation composition throughout the watershed was provided by MacDonald and Shepherd (1983). Stream type and analysis of stream sediment composition identified during a 1978 survey by the Geological Survey of Canada was also provided, in MacDonald and Shepherd (1983), along the Kitimat River mainstem from the headwaters to before the Kitimat River-McKay Creek confluence.

A smaller biological study in 1973 by Beak Consultants Limited focused on Eurocan effluent effects. They interpreted water quality and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure. Results from their survey concluded that changes in the water quality and benthic invertebrate community was localized and concentrated to the west side of the river below the Eurocan’s diffuser. Both water quality and invertebrate composition returned to natural conditions further downriver. Use of the rest of the stream width was therefore still accessible for migrating fish passage. A sewer outfall from Kitimat City was also sampled. However, negligible effects on the water quality, except for total solids, and biological community were observed.

Comprehensive fish habitat studies on tributary streams of the Kitimat where the pipeline is proposed to cross have been conducted by Applied Aquatic Research Ltd (2007) and Whelen and Bradley (2010). MacDonald and Shepherd (1983) observed salmon distribution in a few of the Kitimat tributary streams.

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Northern Gateway Pipelines Inc. Kitimat River Fish and Fish Habitat Summary June 2012

REFERENCES

Applied Aquatic Research Ltd. 2007. Fish and Fish Habitat Investigations for the Proposed Kitimat – Summit Lake Natural Gas Pipeline Looping Project. Pacific Trail Pipelines. Alberta. 59 pp.

Beblow, J. 2006. Scientific Fish Collection Permit SM06-24759 Kitimat River, Nilkitkwa and Prudhomme Lake. Cambria Gordon Ltd. Terrace, BC. In Ministry of Environment. 2012. The Ecological Reports Catalogue. Report 16231. Accessed May 2012.

Beak Consultants Limited. 1974. Biological Survey of the Kitimat River, September, 1973. Prepared for Eurocan Pulp & Paper Co. Ltd. Kitimat, BC. 9 pp + Appendices.

Birch, G.J., T.L. Slaney and M. Milko. 1981. 1980 Investigations of Downstream Migrations and Rearing Distributions of Juvenile Salamonids of the Kitimat River, B.C. F.F. Slaney & Company Ltd. Prepared for DFO. Vancouver, B.C. 104 pp + Appendices.

B.C. Conservation Data Centre. 2012. BC Species and Ecosystems Explorer. B.C. Ministry of Environment. Victoria, B.C. (http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/). Accessed May 11, 2012.

Chudyk, M.E., M.R. Whately, and M.C. Morris. 1977. Life history of Kitimat River Steelhead Trout from Angler's Catches in 1976 and 1977. Fish & Wildlife Branch, Smithers, BC. 14pp. In Ministry of Environment. 2012. The Ecological Reports Catalogue. Report 1613. Accessed May 2012.

COSEWIC (Government of Canada Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 2012. (http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/index.htm). Accessed May 2012.

Eccles, B.M., M.C. Morris and M.R. Whately. 1977. Kitimat River Steelhead Sport Fishery April to May 1997. British Columbia Fish and Wildlife Branch Skeena Region. Fisheries Report Number 77-2 (S.E.P.). 35 pp. In Ministry of Environment. 2012. The Ecological Reports Catalogue. Report 2525. Accessed May 2012.

Eccles, B. and M. Morris. 1976. Preliminary Survey of Steelhead Spawning Habitat Kitimat River, B.C. BC Fish and Wildlife Branch, Smithers. 7 pp. In Ministry of Environment. 2012. The Ecological Reports Catalogue. Report 1595. Accessed May 2012.

Environment Canada. 2011. Species at Risk. (http://www.speciesatrisk.gc.ca/ search/default_e.cfm). Accessed May 2012.

Farara, D. 2006. Kitimat River-Nass River SM06-20281 Sampling Results. EcoMetrix Incorporated. Brampton, ON. In Ministry of Environment. 2012. The Ecological Reports Catalogue. Report 10300. Accessed May 2012.

Farara, D. 2007. Kitimat River SM06-20334 Sampling Results. EcoMetrix Incorporated. Brampton, ON. In Ministry of Environment. 2012. The Ecological Reports Catalogue. Report 10301. Accessed May 2012.

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Northern Gateway Pipelines Inc. Kitimat River Fish and Fish Habitat Summary June 2012

Karanka, EJ. 1993. Cumulative effects of forest harvesting on the Kitimat River, British Columbia. Canadian manuscript report of fisheries and aquatic sciences.

Levy, D.A. 2009. Pipelines and Salmon in Northern British Columbia: Potential Impacts. The Pembina Institute. North Vancouver, BC. 51 pp.

Lough, J. 1990. Summary of the Kitimat River Anadromous Cutthroat Stocking Program 1985 to 1990. Ministry of Environment, Smithers, B.C., Skeena Fisheries Report 66.13 pp. In Ministry of Environment. 2012. The Ecological Reports Catalogue. Report 2558. Accessed May 2012.

MacDonald, D.D. and B.G. Shepherd. 1983. A Review of the Kitimat River Watershed. Department of Fisheries and Oceans, New Projects Unit. Vancouver, BC. 109 pp + Appendices.

MacKinlay, D.D. 1985. A Review of the Biological Design Criteria for the Kitimat River Salmonid Enhancement Facility. Department of Fisheries and Oceans Salmonid Enhancement Program. Vancouver. 62 pp plus appendices. In Ministry of Environment. 2011. FISS (http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/fidq/fissReportProcess.do). Accessed May 2012.

McNeill, D. no date. personal communication. In Ministry of Environment. 2011. FISS (http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/fidq/fissReportProcess.do). Accessed May 2012.

McNeill, D. 1996. personal communication. In Ministry of Environment. 2011. FISS (http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/fidq/fissReportProcess.do). Accessed May 2012.

McPhail, J.D. 2007. Freshwater Fishes of British Columbia. University of Alberta Press. Edmonton, AB.

Ministry of Environment (MOE). 2011. FISS (http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/fidq/fissReportProcess.do). Accessed May 2012.

Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (MFLANRO). 2011. 2011-2013 Freshwater Fishing Regulations Synopsis – Region 6 Skeena. BC. http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/fw/fish/regulations/docs/1113/fishing-synopsis_2011- 13_region6.pdf.

Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management (MSRM). No date. RELEASE Database. Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management. Victoria, BC. In Ministry of Environment. 2011. FISS (http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/fidq/fissReportProcess.do). Accessed May 2012.

Morris, M. and B. Eccles. 1976a. Preliminary Survey of Juvenile Salmonid Rearing Habitat Kitimat, BC. British Columbia Fish and Wildlife Branch Skeena Region. Fisheries Report Number SK- 4. pp 25 plus Appendix. In Ministry of Environment. 2012. The Ecological Reports Catalogue. Report 2519. Accessed May 2012.

Morris, M. and B. Eccles. 1976b. Preliminary Survey of Steelhead Spawning Habitat Kitimat River, B.C. British Columbia Fish and Wildlife Branch Skeena Region. Fisheries Report

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Northern Gateway Pipelines Inc. Kitimat River Fish and Fish Habitat Summary June 2012

Number SK- 5. 7 pp. In Ministry of Environment. 2012. The Ecological Reports Catalogue. Report 2520. Accessed May 2012.

Morris, M. and B. Eccles. 1978. A Report on the Distribution of the Spawning Steelhead Trout in Kitimat River. British Columbia Fish and Wildlife Branch Skeena Region. Fisheries Report Number SK-13. 10 pp plus Appendix. In Ministry of Environment. 2012. The Ecological Reports Catalogue. Report 2519. Accessed May 2012.

Pearson, M. and M.C. Healey. 2012. Species at Risk and Local Government: a Primer for BC. Stewardship Centre of British Columbia, Courtenay BC. (http://www.speciesatrisk.bc.ca). Accessed May 11, 2012.

Tetreault, J. 2007. Scientific Fish Collection Permit SM08-41043 Kitimat River. EcoMetrix Incorporated. Mississauga, ON. In Ministry of Environment. 2012. The Ecological Reports Catalogue. Report 10301. Accessed May 2012.

Whelen, M. and K. Bradley. 2010. Technical Data Report - Freshwater Fish and Fish Habitat. Enbridge Northern Gateway Project. AMEC and Jacques Whitford AXYS Ltd, Burnaby, BC.

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Northern Gateway Pipelines Ltd Partnership by WorleyParsons Canada Services Ltd. Reply Evidence Appendix D - List of Attachments:

Attachment 2: Hoult Creek Crossing General Arrangement: Buckland-Taylor Bridge and Mott Hatch Portal Structure

July 19, 2012 Page 53

Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D

Northern Gateway Pipelines Ltd Partnership by WorleyParsons Canada Services Ltd. Reply Evidence Appendix D - List of Attachments:

Attachment 3: Hoult Valley Alluvial Fan Proposed Cross Section and Photo

July 19, 2012 Page 54

Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D

Northern Gateway Pipelines Ltd Partnership by WorleyParsons Canada Services Ltd. Reply Evidence Appendix D - List of Attachments:

Attachment 4: Hunter Creek HDD Plan and Profile

July 19, 2012 Page 55

Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D

Northern Gateway Pipelines Ltd Partnership by WorleyParsons Canada Services Ltd. Reply Evidence Appendix D - List of Attachments:

Attachment 5: Upper Kitimat Valley Rock Cut and Photo

July 19, 2012 Page 56

Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D

Northern Gateway Pipelines Ltd Partnership by WorleyParsons Canada Services Ltd. Reply Evidence Appendix D - List of Attachments:

Attachment 6: Chist Creek Rock Cut and Photo

July 19, 2012 Page 57

Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D

Northern Gateway Pipelines Ltd Partnership by WorleyParsons Canada Services Ltd. Reply Evidence Appendix D - List of Attachments:

Attachment 7: Chist Creek HDD Crossing Plan

July 19, 2012 Page 58

Attachment 6 to Northern Gateway Reply Evidence Appendix D