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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00037-7 - Is Eating People Wrong?: Great Legal Cases and How they Shaped the World Allan C. Hutchinson Index More information

Index

Abbott, Justice Douglas, 57, 65 Alderson, Baron Sir Edward Hall, aboriginal. See native peoples, 174–180, 182, 188 Australian Allen, Henry, 189 Aboriginal Legal Service Alness, Lord Justice Clerk, (Australia), 147 126 academia, 101 American Civil Liberties Union, legal, 33, 52, 77, 107, 129, 175, 199, 200, 204, 205 179–181 American Dilemma: The Negro ACLU. See American Civil Problem and Modern Liberties Union Democracy, An, 101 Act Respecting Communistic American Revolution, 69, 72 Propaganda, 45, 57 Anderson, Lord, 126 administrative law, 62 aphorisms, popular, 68 Aesop, 115 appellate courts Agamemnon, 39 structure of, 56 agreements, 165–166 Archambault, Edouard, 50, 52, agriculture, 69, 74, 166 55 Alcoholic Liquor Act,55 Archilocus, 115

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00037-7 - Is Eating People Wrong?: Great Legal Cases and How they Shaped the World Allan C. Hutchinson Index More information

Index

Atkin, Lord James Richard, contemporary interpretations of, 128–131, 133–137 109 Australian High Court, 151–157, decision at District Court, 95–96 162 decision at Supreme Court, obligation to hear initial 98–101 litigation, 148 inadequate legal or doctrinal basis for Supreme Court baseball, 87 decision, 100, 106 Baxendale, Joseph, 170, 172–175, lasting signiﬁcance of, 104–110 182, 188 responses to Supreme Court Berlin, Isaiah, 115 decision, 101–104 Berlusconi, Silvio, 45 Brown Foundation for Educational Bernardo, Paul, 2 Equity, Excellence and Bissonnette, Justice, 55 Research, 114 Black Monday, 101 Brown II case, 102, 112 Black, Justice Hugo, 98, 203 Brown, Cheryl, 114 Blackstone, Sir William, 76 Brown, Darlene, 93 Bleak House, 13, 104 Brown, Linda, 90, 93–96, 98, 100, Bledsoe, Charles, 95 112 Bonds, Barry, 87 later life, 113–114 Boucher case, 56, 59, 61, Brown, Oliver, 90, 93, 94, 112, 113 65 Bubonic Plague, 39 Boucher, Aime,´ 56 Buckmaster, Lord Stanley Owen, Bracton, 77 128, 131–132, 134 Bradshaw, Carrie, 81 Burley, Hugh Hornby, 170 Brennan, Justice Gerard, 156 Burnett, McKinley, 93 Brennan, Justice William, 203 Burton, John, 25 Bridgehampton, New York. See Bush, President George, 79 Hamptons, the Bush, President George W., 79 Briggs v. Elliott,96 Byrnes, Governor James, 97 Brooks, Ned, 16–28, 39 Brown case cannibalism, 19–20, 26, 28, 39 aftermath, 110–114 Cape of Good Hope, 16, 17 background, 90–91, 93–95 Capone, Al, 191 consolidation on appeal, 96 Captain Jose, 24

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Cardozo, Benjamin, 33 Common Carriers Act, 181 Carter, Robert, 95, 96 common law Casey, Justice, 55 American, as distinct from Castan, Ron, 148 English, 76, 79, 125 Charles, Arthur, 27 artistic and literary connections Charleston High School, 113 of, 6–7, 13–14, 39–40, 115, Cheesman, Mr., 22–24 134, 188 Christianity, 21, 129–131 attempts at clariﬁcation of, Calvinism, 70, 72 25–26, 175–176 Church of England, 175 certainty, importance of, 5, 32, conversion of Torres Strait 78, 137, 179 Islanders to, 151 as creative endeavor, 6–7, 220 Jehovah’s Witnesses. See English, as distinct from Jehovah’s Witnesses Scottish law, 127 Methodism, 23, 90 general characteristics of, 3–8, Roman Catholicism, 35, 43, 48 11–12 City Mills, 168–169, 172, 189 as human/social process, 2–3, 7 Civil Rights Act, 111 impact of customary or social civil rights movement, 91–93, norms on, 4, 10–11, 67–68, 102 106, 137 Clark, Justice Tom, 98, 203–205, intersection with religion, 31, 207 129–131 Clyde, J. L., 127 logic and, 216–217, 220 Colden, David Cadwallader, 76 longevity of, 215 Coleridge, Lord, 30–33, 37 need for change and adaptability Collected Poems of F. R. Scott, of, 6, 137, 175 52 as subject to trends, 10 Collins, Arthur J. H., 27–31 transformations of, 140, 220 Collins, Mr., 21 underlying principles of, 129 colonialism, 71, 141–143 communism, 46, 48, 51 Columbia University, 77 Compton, Sir Roger, 173 Commentaries on American Law, Confederation (Canada), 43 77 conﬂicts of interest, 182–183 Commentaries on the Laws of conservatism, 6, 43, 99, 109, 125, England,76 132, 134, 205, 209

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Constitution of Canada, 58, 63 lack of entrenched Australian Canadian Charter of Rights and bill of rights, 152 Freedoms,63 right against self-incrimination, Constitution Act, 1982, 160 195–197, 202 Constitution of the United States right to defence counsel, Fifth Amendment. See 195–197, 202 constitutional rights, right contract law against self-incrimination causation requirement in, 186 Fourteenth Amendment, 92, 99, damages. See damages, law of 100, 104, 106 legal enforcement of contracts, intentions of the original 165–166, 184–185 framers, 105–107 loss mitigation requirement, Sixth Amendment. See 185 constitutional rights, right to loss of proﬁts, 186 defence counsel performance, 184–185 constitutional law, 62, 63, 92 personal service, 185 competing theories of privity of contract, 123 constitutional interpretation, unique performance, 187–188 105–106 Cooley, Carroll, 194, 196, difﬁculty of altering 211 constitutions, 89, 104 Coombs, Doctor “Nugget,” 147 division of provincial and federal Co-operative Commonwealth powers (Canada), 46, 57, 58 Federation, 52 jurisprudence in, 57–58, 90, Corbin, Bob, 210, 211 97–104, 201–205 Corcoran, Robert J., 199–201 legitimacy of judicial rulings on, Corn Laws, 168 105, 107 Crime Control and Safe Street Act, and politics, 107–110 206 rule of law and. See rule of law criminal law, 22, 57, 58 constitutional rights actus reus,28 balance with competing societal admissions of criminal guilt, interests, 197–198, 209 195–196, 198 freedom of assembly, 61 bail, 25, 49 freedom of expression, 61, capital punishment, 32, 131 105 clemency, 28, 32

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criminal investigation, 194–196, Dewey, Thomas, 99 206 Dickens, Charles, 13, 103, 167 imprisonment, 24–25, 32, 48, Dickerson case, 207 198, 211 Dickson, Justice Brian, 34 manslaughter convictions, 35 Digest of the Criminal Law,36 mens rea,28 Dixon of Dock Green,13 murder charges, 24, 32, 174 Don Quixote, 122 police seizure, 47, 50 Donoghue (or M’Alister) v. premeditation, 26, 28 Stevenson. See Donoghue case seditious libel, 50, 57 Donoghue case sentencing, 32, 198, 211 background, 116–120 cross-examination, 28, 153, 211 decision at the House of Lords, 128–132 Dalgety, 189 decision at trial, 125–126 damages, law of, 53, 166, 173–188 decision on appeal, 126 damage awards, 55, 58, 75, 77, ﬂexibility of ratio, 134–136 173 principles derived from decision, difference between contract and 136 tort damages, 184 reactions to decision, 133 foreseeability, 173, 179, 183, 187 settlement, 138 Hadley rules. See Hadley case, Donoghue, Henry, 116 principles derived from appeal Donoghue, May, 116–127, decision 137–140, 199 liquidated damages, 184 Dore Mutiny, the, 14 remoteness. See damages, law of, Douglas, Justice William, 203 foreseeability Dred Scott case, 106, 109 Danckwerts, William, 26 Du Bois, W. E. B., 92 Davis, John W., 96–99 Dudley and Stephens case Dawson, Justice Daryl, 156 aftermath, 37–39 Deane, Justice William, 156 background and shipwreck, delict. See tort law 18–21 Denning, Lord Alfred Thompson, decision of Royal Courts of 33, 134 Justice, 31–32 Department of Native Affairs public opinion and, 24–27, 29, 32 (Australia), 144 trial and special verdict, 27–30

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Dudley, Philippa, 15 foreign objects in consumer goods, Dudley, Tom, 15–33, 39 119–121 later life and death, 37–39 Fortas, Justice Abe, 203 Duplessis, Maurice Le Noblet, fox-hunting, 68, 70–73, 87 43–66 Francis Speight (ship), 14 death of, 66 Frank, John P., 200–202 La Grande Noirceur and, 43 Frankfurter, Justice Felix, 98 personal and social life of, fraud, 179 44 Freedom of Worship Act,48 political background of, 43 Freeman, Morgan, 113 political corruption of, 43, 46, French Civil Code, 174 60 fruits of the poisonous tree, self-appointed as Quebec´ doctrine of the, 209 Attorney-General, 46 Gagnon,Oscar,49 Eddie Koiki Mabo Library, 164 Gatsby, Jay, 81 Eisenhower, President Dwight, 98, Gaudron, Justice Mary, 156 99 gender discrimination, 93 “Endymion,” 188 Genn, John, 24 English canals, 167–168 Gibbs, Chief Justice Harry, 153 Escobedo case, 199, 200, 202 Gill, Harjit, 189 Essays on the Constitution,52 Glasgow Royal Inﬁrmary, 120 Gloucester, England, 167–168, facts 173, 189 legal importance of, 132, 151, Goldberg, Justice Arthur, 204 153–154, 170–172, 178, golden maxim. See tort law, 218 neighbor principle relativity of, 218 Good Samaritan, parable of the, Famous Four cases, 65 130, 137 Faubus, Governor Orval, 110 Good Samaritan Hospital, 193, Fauteux, Justice Joseph, 65 212 Fletcher v. Peck, 161 government Flynn, John J., 200–202, limits on authority of, 59–63 210–211 Governor General’s Award Fordham, John N., 75 (Canada), 52

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great cases Hamptons, the, 69–72, 74, 81 qualities of, 8–11, 108 land usage in, 70 relationship to the common Hannah, Mabel. See Donoghue, law, 8 May Greek tragedy, 39 Harcourt, Sir William, 25, 26, 32 Greenberg, Jack, 95 Harlan, Justice John, Jr., 203, 205, Greensboro sit-in, 111 207 Grove, Sir William Robert, 27 Harlan, Justice John, Sr., 109 Harvard Law School, 59, 92 Hadley brothers, 168–174, 189 Hayashi, Patrick, 87–88 Hadley case Haynes case, 204 as adhering to legislative trend, hearsay 181–182 classification of aboriginal oral background, 168–173 tradition as, 153 decision at trial, 173–174 Hemmant, Lizzie, 128 decision on appeal, 174–178 Herschel, Sir Farrer, 25 disagreement over facts, Hocking, Barbara, 148 171–172, 178 Hoffman, Twila, 193, 194, 210, 211 extensive citation of, 185–186 Holloway Prison, 31, 32 flexibility of ratio, 188 Holmes, Justice Oliver Wendell, judicial application of principles, Jr., 216, 220 186–188 Holmes case, 31 personal connections of judges to Home Office, 22, 25 Pickford & Co., 182–183 Hound of Heaven, The, 103 principles derived from appeal House of Lords, 126–132, 138, 188 decision, 176–178, 183–185 Houston, Charles Hamilton, 92, 97 settlement, 175 Howard University law school, 92, 2007 commemoration, 189–190 97 Hadley v. Baxendale. See Hadley Huddleston, Baron, 27, 29–30 case Hunter, Lord, 126 Hadley, Jonah. See Hadley brothers Ind Coope, 138 Hadley, Joseph. See Hadley Indigenous Land Corporation brothers (Australia), 158 Hamlet, 134 Industrial Revolution, 166–168

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Inman, Charles, 170 influence of cultural affiliations on, 65, 98 Jack The Ripper, 191 policy considerations and, 77, Jackson, Justice Robert H., 205 100–101, 175–176, James, Sir Henry, 25 180–181 James Cook University, 146, 147, tendency toward principled 164 decisions, 90 Jameson, Lois Ann, 192–196, 198, judiciary 210–212 conflicts with the rule of law, assault of, 192–193, 196 63–65 Jarndyce v. Jarndyce, 104 creation vs. application of law, Jefferson, President Thomas, 71 42, 89 Jehovah’s Witnesses, 47–51 limits on authority of, 90, 105 publications of, 47, 49, 57, juries, 27 65 available discretion in awarding Jim Crow laws, 92 damages, 176, 179 Johnson, President Lyndon, 203 disposition toward high damage Jones, T. Elder, 127 awards, 173, 179 Joyce & Co., 169, 170, as finders of fact, 29–30 172 unpredictability of, 176 Judaism, 46, 98 verdicts, 29–30, 173–174, 198 judges jurisdiction, 57, 127, 148 disallowing argument at Justinian, 77 trial, 29 as ordinary persons, 217 Keating, Sir Henry Singer, 174, role in democratic society, 42 180 judgment style, 10, 59, 90 Keats, John, 188, 215 judicial reasoning Kellock, Justice, 57 deterrence as motivating factor Kennedy, Jackie, 71 in, 88 Kent, Justice James, 77 difference between legal and Keon-Cohen, Bryan, 148 political merits of, 104, King, Martin Luther, Jr., 111 107–109, 156 effects of personal factors on, Labour Party, 131 137, 182–183 Land Fund (Australia), 158

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landed gentry, 70 as means of balancing competing Langton, Zachary, 170 societal interests, 41–42 latin legal terms and popular opinion. See actus reus. See criminal law, common law, impact of actus reus customary or social norms on animus possidendi. See Law and Order,13 possession, doctrine of, law students, 2, 190 intention to possess lawyers caveat emptor,4 popular depictions of, 115 ceteris paribus,82 Lee, Harper, 13 factum possidendi. See Lee, Rex E., 200 possession, doctrine of, Leechman, Walter, 121–127, physical possession 132–133, 140, 199 ferae naturae,77 litigation history of, 122 in forma pauperis, 122, 127 legislation mens rea. See criminal law, relationship to common law, 4–5, mens rea 62, 137 prima facie,81 liability pro bono, 200 impersonal liability of ratio decidendi, 135 corporations, 138, 172–173 stare decisis. See precedent, of manufacturers, 121–122, doctrine of 125–126, 132, 134 terra nullius, 148, 155 of public bodies, 136 Laverty, James, 24, 28 unlimited liability, 179 law Liberal Party (England), 131 accessibility of, 1 Liberal Party of Canada, 44, 66 artistic and literary connections liberalism, 99, 134, 205–207, of. See common law, artistic 209 and literary connections of Liddicoat, Henry, 24, 26 intersection with morality, 36, Life of Pi,39 68, 129 Liquor Licensing Commission intersection with public policy, (Quebec),´ 53 89–90, 160, 202 Livingston, Henry Brockholst, intersection with religion, 35–37, 79–80, 83 42, 48–51 Longest Day, The, 192

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Mabo (No. 1) case, 151–153 Marx, Karl, 68 Mabo (No. 2) case Mason, Chief Justice Anthony, 156 background, 146–148 McAllister, James, 116 decision of Australian High McCarthy, Judge Kevin, 87–88 Court, 155–157 McDonald’s, 120 delays resulting from legislation. McFarland, Justice Ernest W., 199 See Mabo (No. 1) case McFarlane, Todd, 88 fact-ﬁnding of Supreme Court of McFate, Judge Yale, 198 Queensland, 153–154 McGill law school, 52 lack of Islander support for, 151 McHugh, Justice Michael, 156 Mabo v. Queensland (No. 1). See McIntyre, Greg, 147, 148 Mabo (No. 1) case McLaurin case, 108 Mabo, Benny, 143, 147 Mer Island, 143, 144, 147, 150, Mabo, Eddie, 143–156, 161 153, 162, 163 community and political Merchant Shipping Act,22 involvements of, 145–147 Mignonette (ship), 15–25, 33, 37, early life, 143–146 39, 40 later life and death, 162–164 voyage and demise of, 17–18 Mabo, Maiga, 143 Miles, Robert, 144 Mackinnon, Justice Gordon, 54, Milligan, W. R., 127 55, 58 Minchella, Francesco “Francis,” MacMillan, Lord Hugh, 128, 134 117, 118, 122, 123, 125, Madame Tussaud’s, 37 137–138 Madison, President James, 79 Miranda, Ernesto, 192–202, 206, Major League Baseball, 87 210–212 Malo’s Law, 149–150, 153 interrogation of, 194–196 endorsement by Australian High killing of, 212 Court, 155–156 personal life, 192–193 Mansﬁeld, Lord, 216 Miranda case maritime customs, 19, 22, 25 aftermath and retrial, 210–212 Marshall, Chief Justice John, 161 background, 192–197 Marshall, Thurgood, 96–97, 99, consolidation with other cases, 102, 203 201 Martin, Baron Samuel, 174, 182 decision at Supreme Court, Martineau, Justice, 55 201–205

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decision at trial, 198 National Aboriginal Education decision on appeal, 198–199 Committee (Australia), 146 legal questions resulting from, National Association for the 207–209 Advancement of Colored police investigation, 194–196 People, 91–93, 95, 97, 98, 100, response to Supreme Court 109 decision, 205–207 National Association for the Miranda rights, 204, 206, 212–213 Advancement of White People, limitations on, 207–208 101 phrasing of, 208 National Native Title Tribunal waiver of, 208 (Australia), 158 Miranda v. Arizona. See Miranda native peoples, Australian case background, 142 Missouri ex rel. Gaines case, living standards of, 143 108 native rights, 146 Moncrieff, Lord, 125–126 limits on judicial Monroe Elementary, 91, 94 acknowledgement in Montezuma (ship), 21 contemporary context, Montgomery Bus Boycott, 162 111 position of Canadian courts on, Moore, Alvin, 196–198, 160–161 200 native title, 142, 147, 149–151, Moreno, Eseziquel, 212–213 155–157 Morton, George, 127 concept of terra nullius and, Moynihan, Justice Martin, 148–149, 155 153–154 eventual Australian framework municipal authority, 57 for, 157–159 Murray Island. See Mer Island extinguishment of, 151–152, 156, Myrdal, Gunnar, 101 158–161 position of Canadian courts on, NAACP. See National Association 160–161 for the Advancement of position of United States courts Colored People on, 161 Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, Native Title Act, 157 The,40 nazism, 51

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necessity defence, 22, 27–37 Pachelbel’s Canon, 188 justiﬁcation vs. excuse rationale, Padlock Law. See Act Respecting 33, 34 Communistic Propaganda moral involuntariness Pak Bell Park, 87 requirement, 34 Parke, Baron James, 174, 181–183 position of English courts on, Parker, Daniel, 26 35–37 Parker, Richard position of Supreme Court of crewman on the Mignonette, 14, Canada on, 34–35 16–23, 37 Nehow, Bonita “Netta,” 145 death, 20, 22 Nelson, Gary, 202 other uses of name, 13, 14, 39, New World. See colonialism 40 New York City, 69, 76 Passi, Father Dave, 148 Nixon, President Richard, 205 Passi, Sam, 148 Normand, Lord W. G., 127 Pearl Harbor bombing, 99 nouveau riche, 72, 74 Perka case, 34 Perret, Mr., 170, 171, 178 Old World. See colonialism Pickford & Co., 170, 174, 181, 182, Ormidale, Lord, 126 188–189 Orwell, George, 115 Pickford, Kevin, 189 ownership Pickford, Will, 170 of animals, 73, 74, 76, 77, 82–84 Pierson case criteria for, 81 absence of clear precedent in, increase in categories of ownable 74–75, 77 resources, 85 background, 72–74 of land, 73, 74, 76, 141–142 decision at trial, 75 of land in customary Australian decision on appeal, 77–81 aboriginal law, 147, 149–150 dispute over facts, 73 legal limits on property use, relationship between parties, 73 85–87 social motivations for litigation, of natural resources, 68–69, 74 84 Pierson v. Post. See Pierson case possession as baseline Pierson, David, 72 requirement for, 81–82 Pierson, Jesse, 72–75, 79, 80, 88 riparian rights, 84–85 Plato, 68

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Platt, Baron, 174 first-in-time-first-in-right rule. Plessy v. Ferguson, 92, 97, 104, See possession, doctrine of, 107–109 first possession Poe, Edgar Allan, 40 general description of, 68–69 police investigations importance of custom in, 68, standards in 1960s, 197–198 83–84 Pollock, Sir Frederick, 133 intellectual property, 85 Popov v. Hayashi, 87–88 land held in common, 74, 76 Popov, Alex, 87–88 legal status of unpossessed land, possession, doctrine of, 74 73, 76 in Canadian law, 83 native title. See native title constructive possession, 80 ownership. See ownership in English law, 82–84 personal property, 85 first possession, 74, 77, 82, 87 possession. See possession, intention to possess, 81 doctrine of physical possession, 78, 81 real property, 85 requirements for establishing relativity of title, 74, 82, 86, 159, possession, 77–80, 82–84, 87 161 Post, Lodowick, 72–76, 88 tangible and intangible property, Post, Nathan, 72, 76 85 Pothier, Robert, 174, 179 varying cultural notions of Pratte, Justice, 55 land rights, 141–142, 147, precedent, doctrine of, 1, 3, 5–6, 149–150 126 public opinion, 36, 106, 110 absence of precedent, 28, 29, Puffendorf, 77 74–75, 77, 101, 175, 183 bindingness, 5, 25, 131, 133 Quaff-Café, 47, 50, 65 distinguishment of cases, 6, Quebec´ 202–203 nationalism and, 43 Priday, Charles, 189 political and cultural history of, Privy Council (United Kingdom), 43 174 question of secession from property law, 58, 68 Canada, 63 abandonment of property, 87 Quebec´ Civil Code, 53, 58, 60 as bundle of entitlements, 86 Quebec´ National Assembly, 55

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Queensland Coast Island law and. See law, intersection Declaratory Act, 152 with religion Quiet Revolution, 42, 66 politics and, 42–43, 48, 51 quotations, famous religious conﬂict and persecution, biblical, 37 48–51, 53 literary, 1, 167, 215 reproductive rights, 107–108 Reynolds, Joseph, 189 racial desegregation, 92, 110–113 Rice, James, 148 post-desegregation violence, Rinfret, Justice Edouard, 55 111 risk allocation, 180 Racial Discrimination Act, 152 Rodriquez, Fernando, 212–213 racial segregation Roe v. Wade, 107 in education, 90–104, 107 Roncarelli case, 62, 65 general segregation, 9, 91 aftermath, 65–66 informal continuation of, 103, background, 47–51 111–114 basis of civil claim, 53 negative psychological effects of, decision at Supreme Court of 96, 101 Canada, 58–61 unconstitutionality of, 95–96 decision at trial, 53–55 racially integrated neighborhoods, decision on appeal, 55 94–95 Roncarelli, Frank, 43, 47–61, 65 racism, 90–104, 110, 111, 143, as religious and community 163 leader, 49 presumptions about learning religious conviction of, 51 ability of aboriginal persons, rule of law, 42, 59–65 144 general deﬁnition, 61 Rand, Justice Ivan, 49, 57, 59–60 thick and thin versions of, Re Secession Reference case, 63 61–62, 64 Reagan, President Ronald, 71 Reed, Justice Stanley, 98 Salee, Celuia Mapo, 148 Reid, Lord, 187 Sambo, Eddie Koiki. See Mabo, Reid, William, 117 Eddie religion Sambo, Poipe, 143 common law and. See common Sambo, Robert, 143 law, intersection with religion San Francisco Giants, 87

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Sanford, Nathan, 75 Supreme Court of Canada, 34, 36, Saumur case, 57, 59, 61, 65 46, 49, 56–62 Saumur, Laurier, 57 customary composition of, 56 Scarman, Lord Leslie, 5 decision in Roncarelli case. See Scott, Charles, 95 Roncarelli case, decision at Scott, Francis Reginald, 51, 52, 58 Supreme Court of Canada as author, 52 position on necessity defence. See Scott, John, 95 necessity defence, position of Sedgwick, Theodore, 179 Supreme Court of Canada on Selma-to-Montgomery March, 111 Sweatt v. Painter, 108 separate-but-equal doctrine, 92, Switzman v. Elbing and A. G. of 104, 108 Qu´ebec, 57, 65 Sex and The City,81 Shakespeare, William, 134 Taney, Chief Justice, 106 Sharp, Nonie, 147 Taschereau, Justice Robert, 58, 64, Simpson, O. J., 2 65 slavery, 70, 85, 97 Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 1 slippery slope argument, 33, 132, Thankerton, Lord, 128 134 theft, 33 Smith’s Leading Cases, 180 Thompson, Francis, 103 Snyder, Francis, 189 Three Little Pigs, the, 115 Somensen, Captain P. H., 21 Thursday Island, 144, 147, 153 Southampton, New York. See Till, Emmett, 111 Hamptons, the Tilly, Harry, 24, 25 Spillers Milling, 189 To Kill A Mockingbird,13 State of California v. Stewart, 201 Tomlin, Lord, 128 steam power, 168–169 Tompkins, Justice Daniel, 77–79 Stein, Albert (A. L.), 52, 58 Toohey, Justice John, 156 Stephens, Ed, 16–33, 39 Topeka Board of Education, 96, 114 Stephens, Sir James, 36 Topeka, Kansas, 90, 91, 93, 96, 97, Stevenson, David, Jr., 122–125, 112, 114 137–140 Torres Strait Islanders, 143–158 Stewart, Justice Potter, 202, 203 customary law of, 143, 147, Sumner Elementary, 90, 91, 93 149–150, 154 Sumner, Charles, 91 general description of, 143

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Torres Strait Islanders (cont.) decision in Brown case. See imposed lack of Australian Brown case, decision at citizenship, 144 Supreme Court Torres Strait Islands. See Torres decision in Miranda case. See Strait Islanders Miranda case, decision at tort law Supreme Court duty of care, 122, 129, 133 deliberation time of, 99 foreseeability, 130 lobbying between Justices, 98 law of liability before Donoghue signiﬁcance of unanimity, 108 case, 125 typical length of judgments, 100 negligence, 121, 123–124, 129, University of Maryland law school, 133–136 97 neighbor principle, 129–130 University of Western Ontario law personal injury, 136 school, 59 property damage, 136 urban migration, 111 pure economic loss, 136 Townsville Black Community Victoria, Queen, 32 School, 146 Vignera v. State of New York, 201 Treatise on the Law of Obligations, Vinson, Chief Justice Fred, 98, 99 A, 179 Voting Rights Act, 111 Treatise on the Measure of Damages, A, 179–180 Want, John Henry, 14–16, 37, 39 trespass, 33, 86 War Measures Act,48 Truman, President Harry, Warhol, Andy, 191 92 Warren, Chief Justice Earl, Turoff, Laurence, 198 98–101, 203–204, 206 Washington, President George, 71 Uniform Commercial Code, the, Wellmeadow Cafe,´ 117, 119, 122, 186 128, 135, 138, 140 Union Nationale, 44, 51, 55 Westover v. US, 201 United Jewish Peoples’ Order, White, Justice Byron, 200, 203 46 Wik Peoples case, 159 United States National Guard, 110 Wilde, Oscar, 70 United States Supreme Court, 79, Willes, Sir James Shaw, 174, 177, 92, 197, 199, 200 179, 180

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Wilson, Paul, 96 Worsnip, Hugh, 190 World War II, 44, 46, 92, 192 Wren, Laurence T., 210, 211 internment of Japanese-Americans during, yachting, 14, 27 99 Young, Wilfred, 194, 196

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