Medical Entomology Annual Report 2014/15
Medical Entomology Centre for Disease Control Department of Health Northern Territory Government February 2016
Medical Entomology, Centre for Disease Control Department of Health, Northern Territory 2016 This publication is copyright. The information in this report may be freely copied and distributed for • non-profit purposes such as study, research, health service management and public information subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source. Reproduction for other purposes requires the written permission of the Chief Executive of the Department of Health, Northern Territory. An electronic version is available at: www.health.nt.gov.au/Medical_Entomology/ General enquiries about this publication should be directed to: Nina Kurucz Director Medical Entomology CDC Department of Health PO Box 41326, NT 0811 Phone: (08) 8922 8901 Facsimile: (08) 8922 8820
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
1.1 GOAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY To reduce the impact of insects and other arthropods of medical importance on the health of the people of the Northern Territory (NT).
1.2 VISION OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY Every major urban area in the Northern Territory located in an environment that is planned, modified or controlled so that residents are not subjected to pest levels of biting insects and are free from the risks of both exotic and endemic mosquito borne disease.
MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY SERVICES Services provided by Medical Entomology (ME) of the Department of Health (DoH) aim to reduce the impact of biting insects on the people of the Northern Territory. These include the prevention of the re-introduction of malaria, the prevention of the introduction of exotic mosquito vectors of dengue, insecticide and engineering programs for mosquito control, mosquito surveillance programs in the major towns, guidelines and advice on biting insects for both large and small scale developments, a public inquiry service, a public awareness program, and incidental research on biting insects and mosquito borne viruses.
Major clients are the general public, but significant clients include local government, the Department of Lands Planning & the Environment (DLPE), the Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries (DPIF), the Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory (PWCNT), the Australian Government, Department of Defence, the Power and Water Corporation (PWC), the Australian Department of Agriculture (DoA), consultants and developers for development and planning advice, and environmental health officers.
Intersectoral affiliations include: • a combined mosquito engineering program with the City of Darwin (CoD), with an annual budget for maintaining drains and rectifying urban or near urban mosquito breeding sites; • the PWCNT rectifying mosquito breeding sites and carrying out and funding mosquito control in Casuarina Coastal Reserve, George Brown Darwin Botanical Gardens and Charles Darwin National Park. • local government and Environmental Health Officers in towns throughout the NT conducting mosquito surveillance and mosquito control.
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1.3 OBJECTIVES OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY
1. Prevent the re-establishment of malaria in the NT by entomologically investigating and appropriately responding to each case of imported malaria. Eliminate sources of malaria vectors near urban Darwin by engineering means.
2. Prevent the introduction of exotic dengue vector mosquitoes from overseas and Queensland by providing advice and assistance to DoA, surveillance using mosquito traps, surveying for larvae at vulnerable geographic points, reducing potential breeding places by landowner liaison and media advertising, and eliminating vectors following detection.
3. Carry out surveillance and control of mosquitoes in all major towns and mine developments by organising and assisting with regular mosquito trapping and providing advice and assistance with control operations, under the NT Mosquito Borne Disease Control program and a user pays scheme.
4. Carry out mosquito surveys throughout the NT, including remote communities, to determine the distribution and relative abundance of mosquitoes in order to enable the assessment of the risk of mosquito borne disease.
5. Carry out extensive and intensive mosquito larval control operations in Darwin using a program of helicopter applied insecticide in the coastal swamps.
6. Organise and assist the CoD and the PWCNT with engineering programs in and adjacent to urban areas, under the combined Mosquito Engineering Control Program.
7. Carry out surveillance of flaviviruses causing human disease by: maintaining a sentinel chicken surveillance program with the assistance of DPIF and volunteers, investigating of outbreaks of mosquito borne disease, and collecting and processing mosquitoes for arbovirus isolation.
8. Provide planning and development advice and guidelines to DLPE and others to prevent new biting insect problems for development projects.
9. Promote public awareness of biting insects and arthropod borne disease by regular public communication, a public reference service, public information sheets, an internet site for advice and high quality information pamphlets and publications.
10. Assist students and other bodies in basic research on biting insects and other arthropods of medical importance.
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11. Carry out incidental and applied research, both independently or in cooperation with other researchers, on biting insects in the NT to establish improved methods for the avoidance, reduction or control of insects of public health importance.
12. Build and maintain a reference collection of mosquitoes, biting midges and other arthropods of medical importance in the NT.
13. Provide opportunities for staff development by in-service and external training, so that they are better able to deliver services.
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1.4 PERFORMANCE FOR 2014 – 2015
• The exotic mosquito, Aedes aegypti was detected at Darwin East Arm Wharf in September 2014 and January 2015, and at Darwin International Airport in February 2015. All incursions were associated with international vessels arriving from South East Asian seaports or airports. Medical Entomology in liaison with the DoA responded to all incursions by following established protocols. No further exotic mosquitoes were detected following the responses. • In January 2015, ME provided advice to INPEX and DoA regarding the establishment of a routine exotic vector mosquito surveillance program at Blaydin Point. This site receives large amounts of cargo from South East Asian ports and the program aims to provide early detection of exotic dengue mosquito incursions. Three Biogents (BG) sentinel adult mosquito traps are collected on a weekly basis at the site. • A total of 1713 hectares of mosquito breeding was controlled by helicopter in the Leanyer, Holmes Jungle, Micket Creek and Shoal Bay swamps. Aedes vigilax numbers trapped in Darwin over 2014-15 were similar to 2013-14, a reflection of the success of this program. • Environmental conditions led to high Culex annulirostris numbers. In Darwin, traps recorded the highest numbers since 2003-04. • There were 377 laboratory identified cases of Ross River virus (RRV) in the NT this year. Although this is slightly lower than 2013-14, when there were 433 cases, this number is still historically very high. Of the cases in 2014-15, 314 RRV cases occurred in the Darwin region. The large number of cases is linked to the high Culex annulirostris numbers. • There were 28 cases of Barmah Forest virus (BFV) disease notified in the NT, compared with last year’s total of 129 cases. • In January 2015, ME carried out aerial mosquito control in Ilparpa Swamp, Alice Springs, in response to extensive rainfall and an increased Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) disease risk. A total of 33 ha were controlled. Mosquito numbers remained low, and no MVEV disease cases recorded. • In the 2014/15 season, NT sentinel chickens seroconverted to MVEV in the Tennant Creek region, and to Kunjin virus (KUNV) in the Darwin, and Tennant Creek regions. Two MVEV disease cases were reported in the NT in 2014/15. • There were 10 cases of imported malaria into the NT. While there were two cases that posed a risk of local Anopheles mosquitoes becoming infected, only one of these (Yirrkala) required an insecticide fogging response in August 2014. • Medical Entomology issued a total of 18 biting insect related press releases, including warnings for MVEV, KUNV, RRV and high numbers of pest biting midges. All of the warnings received coverage in the NT News and in radio messages and interviews. In addition, ME published four scientific publication and seven scientific reports. • The combined CoD/DoH mosquito engineering program in Darwin carried out clearing of drains in Leanyer Swamp, Rapid Creek, Coconut Grove, Ludmilla, Vesteys Lake, Lake Alexander, East Point, Mindil Beach, The Gardens and Marrara. Other major works included filling of depressions at Vesteys Lake and Mindil Beach, and the concrete upgrading of drains at Vesteys Lake and Mindil Beach.
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2 ABBREVIATIONS
Ae. Aedes ALPC Arnhem Land Pest Control B.t.i Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis BFV Barmah Forest virus BG Biogents CDC Centre for Disease Control, Darwin CDNA Communicable Disease Network of Australia CHO Chief Health Officer CoD City of Darwin CPRS Coastal Plains Research Station Cx. Culex DLPE Department of Lands Planning & the Environment DoA Australian Department of Agriculture DoH Department of Health EAW East Arm Wharf EIS Environmental Impact Statement EVS Encephalitis Vector Surveillance GEMCO Groote Eylandt Mining Company GIS Geographical Information System IFFV Illegal Foreign Fishing Vessel KUNV Kunjin virus ME Medical Entomology MVEV Murray Valley encephalitis virus NAAC National Arbovirus Advisory Committee NAMAC National Arbovirus and Malaria Advisory Committee NCL Nhulunbuy Corporation Limited NPHP National Public Health Partnership Program NT Northern Territory PWC Power and Water Corporation PWCNT Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory RAAF Royal Australian Air Force RRV Ross River virus SoNG Series of National Guidelines ULV Ultra Low Volume
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3 CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW 2 1.1 GOAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2 1.2 VISION OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 3 1.4 PERFORMANCE FOR 2014 – 2015 5 2 ABBREVIATIONS 6 3 CONTENTS 7 FIGURES AND TABLES 10 4 INTRODUCTION TO 2014/15 ANNUAL REPORT 14 5 EXOTIC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROGRAM 15 5.1 Introduction 15 5.2 Exotic Aedes Ovitrap Surveillance Program 15 5.2.1 Darwin City and Outer Darwin 16 5.2.2 Darwin Rural and Palmerston 17 5.2.3 Groote Eylandt - Alyangula 17 5.2.4 Nhulunbuy 17 5.2.5 Katherine 18 5.2.6 Tennant Creek 18 5.2.7 Alice Springs 18 5.3 DoA Adult Mosquito Trapping Program 19 5.3.1 Darwin 19 5.4 Exotic Mosquito Interceptions 20 5.5 Receptacle Breeding Surveys 21 6 VECTOR SURVEILLANCE & CONTROL IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY 22 6.1 Darwin 22 6.1.1 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 22 6.1.2 Vectors & Disease case data 25 6.1.3 Routine Ground Larval Mosquito Control Program Darwin 26 6.1.4 Aerial Mosquito Control Program 27 6.1.5 Mosquito Engineering Control Program 28 6.1.6 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control 28 6.2 Groote Eylandt 30 6.2.1 Mosquito species recorded on Groote Eylandt 30 6.2.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 30 6.2.3 Vector & Disease case data 32 6.2.4 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control 32 6.3 Nhulunbuy 33 6.3.1 Mosquito species recorded in Nhulunbuy 33 6.3.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring and Control Program 33
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6.3.3 Trapping sites 35 6.3.4 Larval survey and control program 35 6.3.5 Vector & Disease case data 36 6.3.6 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control 36 6.4 Katherine 37 6.4.1 Mosquito species recorded in Katherine 37 6.4.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 37 6.4.3 Larval Mosquito Monitoring and Control Program 38 6.4.4 Vector & Disease case data 38 6.4.5 Visits and surveys by ME 39 6.4.6 Engineering measures 39 6.4.7 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control 39 6.5 Tennant Creek 40 6.5.1 Mosquito species recorded in Tennant Creek 40 6.5.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 40 6.5.3 Larval Mosquito Monitoring Program 41 6.5.4 Vector & Disease case data 41 6.5.5 Visits or surveys by ME 41 6.5.6 Engineering measures 41 6.5.7 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control 42 6.6 Alice Springs 42 6.6.1 Mosquito species recorded in Alice Springs 42 6.6.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 42 6.6.3 Larval Mosquito Monitoring Program 43 6.6.4 Vector & Disease case data 44 6.6.5 Visits or surveys by ME 45 6.6.6 Engineering measures 45 6.6.7 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control 45 7 MOSQUITO BORNE DISEASE CASE DATA IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY 45 7.1 Ross River virus disease 45 7.2 Barmah Forest virus disease 46 7.3 Murray Valley encephalitis virus disease 46 7.4 Kunjin virus disease 47 8 ARBOVIRUS SURVEILLANCE AND RESEARCH 47 8.1 Sentinel Chicken Program 47 9 MALARIA SURVEILLANCE 48 9.1 Case data 48 10 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTIGATIONS AND COMMENTS 49 10.1 Development comments 49 10.2 Development investigations 49 10.2.1 Knuckey Lagoons 49
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10.2.2 Holtze 50 11 MOSQUITO AWARENESS AND TRAINING 50 11.1 Mosquito awareness campaign 50 11.2 Medical Entomology training 50 12 PUBLIC ENQUIRIES 50 13 COMMITTEES AND ADVISORY GROUPS 50 13.1 National Arbovirus And Malaria Advisory Committee 50 13.2 The Northern Territory Zoonosis Committee 51 14 PUBLICATIONS AND PAPERS 51 15 REFERENCE COLLECTIONS 52 16 DATA MANAGEMENT 52 16.1 Medical Entomology Data Collection System 52 16.2 Geographic Information Systems 52 17 STAFF MATTERS 53 18 REFERENCES 53 19 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 54
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FIGURES AND TABLES
Fig. 1. Darwin adult mosquito monitoring CO2 trap sites and sentinel chicken locations. Fig. 2. Darwin urban ovitrap monitoring program. Location of ovitrap and sentinel chicken sites. Fig. 3. Darwin rural ovitrap monitoring program. Location of ovitrap and sentinel chicken sites. Fig. 4. Alyangula adult mosquito monitoring CO2 trap sites and ovitrap locations. Fig. 5. Angurugu adult mosquito monitoring CO2 trap sites and ovitrap locations. Fig. 6. Nhulunbuy adult mosquito monitoring CO2 trap sites, ovitrap and sentinel chicken locations. Fig. 7. Katherine adult mosquito monitoring CO2 trap sites, ovitrap and sentinel chicken locations. Fig. 8. Tennant Creek adult mosquito monitoring CO2 trap sites and sentinel chicken locations. Fig. 9. Alice Springs adult mosquito monitoring CO2 trap sites, ovitrap and sentinel chicken locations. Fig. 10. DoA Darwin adult mosquito CO2 and BG trap sites. Fig. 11. Aedes aegypti ovitrap surveillance program – Darwin City and Outer Darwin 2014/15. Fig. 12. Aedes aegypti ovitrap surveillance program – Darwin Rural and Palmerston 2014/15. Fig. 13. Mosquito monitoring program Darwin. Average number of Aedes notoscriptus, Aedes vigilax, Culex annulirostris group, and all species trapped per trap night per year for the eleven continuous monitoring sites and annual rainfall in Darwin – 1983/84 to 2014/15. Fig. 14. Mosquito monitoring program Darwin. Average number of all female mosquitoes per trap night caught using weekly CO2 baited mosquito traps at the eleven continuous monitoring sites - 2010/11 to 2014/15. Fig. 15. Monthly rainfall and monthly Ross River virus cases for towns of the Northern Territory from July 1996 – June 2015. Fig. 16. Monthly rainfall and average number of Cx. annulirostris grp. (average per trap night, CO2 baited traps) for towns of the Northern Territory from July 1996 – June 2015. . Fig. 17. Darwin. Total monthly rainfall in relation to Ae. notoscriptus, Ae. vigilax, Cx. annulirostris grp. & Ve. funerea July 1991 to June 2015. Fig. 17A. Darwin. Total monthly rainfall in relation to Ae. notoscriptus, Ae. vigilax, Cx. annulirostris grp. & Ve. funerea July 2014 to June 2015. Fig. 18. Darwin. Monthly RRV disease cases in relation to Ae. notoscriptus, Ae. vigilax, Cx. annulirostris & Ve. funerea July 1991 to June 2015. Fig. 19. Aerial applied mosquito larval control program - major mosquito breeding areas – Darwin. Fig. 20. Ross River virus disease cases in the NT. Laboratory confirmed cases from CDC (by month of onset) 1999/00 to 2014/15. Fig. 21. Location of sentinel chicken flocks in the NT. Fig. 22. Northern Territory rainfall deciles 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015. Fig. 23. Northern Territory rainfall totals (mm) 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015.
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Table 1. Exotic Aedes ovitrap surveillance program - Darwin City and Outer Darwin. July 2014 - June 2015. Table 2. Exotic Aedes ovitrap surveillance program – Darwin rural and Palmerston. July 2014 – June 2015. Table 3. Mosquito species collected in Darwin and Palmerston by ME – all collection methods. Table 4. Mosquito monitoring program Darwin July 2014 to June 2015. Total numbers of nine selected species of female mosquitoes caught in eleven continuous weekly CO2 baited mosquito traps. Table 5. Mosquito monitoring program Darwin July 2014 to June 2015. Total number of nine selected species of female mosquitoes caught in all 16 weekly CO2 baited mosquito traps. Table 6. Mosquito monitoring program Darwin. Average numbers of nine selected species caught in the eleven continuous weekly CO2 baited mosquito traps for the financial years 1990/91 to 2014/15. Table 7. Ross River virus disease cases in the NT. Laboratory confirmed cases notified from CDC (by region per month) July 2014 to June 2015. Table 8. Barmah Forest virus disease cases in the NT. Laboratory confirmed cases notified from CDC (by region per month) July 2014 to June 2015. Table 9. Ross River virus disease cases in the NT. Laboratory confirmed cases notified from CDC (by region) 1990/91 to 2014/15. Table 10. Barmah Forest virus disease cases in the NT. Laboratory confirmed cases notified from CDC (by region) 1991/92 to 2014/15. Table 11. Location and month of onset of cases of MVE or KUN 1974 – 2015 acquired in the NT. Table 12. Arbovirus risk periods in the Northern Territory. Table 13. Combined DoH and DPIF NT sentinel chicken flavivirus surveillance. Progressive results of number of new seroconversions in month of bleeding 2014/15. Table 14. Combined DoH and DPIF NT sentinel chicken flavivirus surveillance. Summary of new seroconversions by month Jul 1992 – Jun 2015. Table 15. Combined DoH and DPIF NT sentinel chicken flavivirus surveillance. New seroconversions in month of bleeding by year Jul 1992 – Jun 2015. Table 16. Mosquito species collected in Nhulunbuy and Yirrkala by ME – all collection methods Table 17. Mosquito monitoring program Nhulunbuy. Total number of selected species of female mosquitoes caught in the six weekly CO2 baited mosquito traps 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015. Table 18. Mosquito monitoring program Nhulunbuy. Average numbers of selected species of female mosquitoes caught in the five continuous weekly CO2 baited mosquito traps for in financial years 1994/95 to 2014/15. Table 19. Mosquito monitoring program Nhulunbuy. Total number of female
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mosquitoes caught in the six CO2 baited mosquito traps for years 1990/91 to 2014/15. Table 20. Adult mosquito species collected on Groote Eylandt (Alyangula, Angurugu and Umbakumba) by ME – all collection methods. Table 21. Mosquito monitoring program Alyangula. Total number of selected species of female mosquitoes caught in all CO2 baited mosquito traps 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015. Table 22. Mosquito monitoring program Alyangula. Average numbers of selected species of female mosquitoes caught in three CO2 baited mosquito traps for financial years 1995/96 to 2014/15. Table 23. Mosquito monitoring program Alyangula. Total number of female mosquitoes caught in all CO2 baited mosquito traps 1 July 1995 to 30 June 2015. Table 24. Mosquito species collected in Katherine town by ME - all collection methods Table 25. Mosquito monitoring program Katherine. Total numbers of selected species of female mosquitoes caught in the four CO2 baited mosquito traps 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015. Table 26. Mosquito monitoring program Katherine. Average number of selected species of female mosquitoes caught in the three continuous CO2 baited mosquito traps 1 July 1990 to 30 June 2015. Table 27. Mosquito monitoring program Katherine. Total numbers of female mosquitoes caught in all CO2 baited mosquito traps 1 July 1990 to 30 June 2015. Table 28. Mosquito species collected from Tennant Creek town by ME - all collection methods Table 29. Mosquito monitoring program Tennant Creek. Total number of selected species of female mosquitoes caught in all weekly CO2 baited traps 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015. Table 30. Mosquito monitoring program Tennant Creek. Average number of selected species of female mosquitoes caught in the 3 continuous CO2 baited traps for financial years 1990/91 to 2013/14. Table 31. Mosquito monitoring program Tennant Creek. Total number of female mosquitoes caught in all weekly CO2 baited traps for financial years 1990/91 to 2014/15. Table 32. Mosquito species collected in Alice Springs town by ME - all collection methods. Table 33. Mosquito monitoring program Alice Springs. Total number of selected species of female mosquitoes caught in all CO2 baited traps 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015. Table 34. Mosquito monitoring program Alice Springs. Average number of selected species caught in the continuous CO2 baited mosquito traps for financial years 1990/91 to 2014/15. Table 35. Mosquito monitoring program Alice Springs. Total number of female mosquitoes caught in all weekly CO2 baited traps for financial years
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1990/91 to 2014/15. Table 36. Department of Agriculture exotic mosquito monitoring program - Darwin. Total number of female mosquitoes caught in all weekly CO2 baited EVS traps 1July 2014 to 30 June 2015. Table 37. Department of Agriculture exotic mosquito monitoring program - Darwin. Total number of female mosquitoes caught in all weekly CO2 baited Biogents sentinel mosquito traps 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015. Table 38. Malaria notifications in the Northern Territory 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2015. Table 39. Interception of exotic mosquitoes in Northern Territory seaports July 2000 - June 2015. Table 40. Medical Entomology mosquito survey and travel July 2014 to June 2015. Table 41. Medical Entomology publications 2014/15.
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4 INTRODUCTION TO 2014/15 ANNUAL REPORT
The Medical Entomology (ME) Annual Report 2014/15 is intended to present an overall picture of the Northern Territory Department of Health (DoH) mosquito surveillance and control activities carried out in 2014/15.
The ME Annual Report 2014/15 is also available electronically on the DoH internet site:
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5 EXOTIC VECTOR ELIMINATION PROGRAM
5.1 Introduction The most frequently intercepted exotic mosquitoes in the Northern Territory (NT) are the dengue mosquito, Aedes aegypti, and the Asian tiger mosquito, Ae. albopictus. These dengue and chikungunya vectors can be transported as eggs or larvae in actual or previously water-filled receptacles on ships and cargo arriving from foreign ports, or as desiccant resistant eggs on receptacles relocated from areas in north Queensland (Qld). While Ae. aegypti is widely distributed through Queensland cities and towns, the distribution of Ae. albopictus is currently restricted to a number of Torres Strait islands.
There have been three instances since the late 1950’s where the exotic mosquito Ae. aegypti was found as established populations in the NT. Two of these establishments were discovered through surveillance detections in Tennant Creek in 2004 (through the adult mosquito surveillance program) and on Groote Eylandt in 2006 (through the exotic Aedes ovitrap surveillance program). In both instances, the populations were eliminated after two year programs by Department of Health (DoH) with funding assistance from the Australian Department of Health and Ageing. In November 2011, Ae. aegypti was again found in Tennant Creek (through the ovitrap surveillance program), and an Ae. aegypti elimination program was immediately commenced. The program was completed successfully in April 2014 following eight rounds of property by property surveys and insecticide treatment, with the NT once again free of the dengue mosquito.
At present, local transmission of dengue in Australia is restricted to Qld where Ae. aegypti occurs. Transmission occurs periodically when the virus is introduced by infected overseas travellers.
The NT receives an appreciable public health and economic benefit from preventing the dengue vectors and other exotic mosquito vectors of disease from becoming established. Medical Entomology (ME) has routine exotic mosquito monitoring and exclusion programs around all major towns and entry points to prevent the introduction or establishment of dengue vectors, and conducts periodic surveys of other towns and localities to ensure the NT remains dengue vector free.
5.2 Exotic Aedes Ovitrap Surveillance Program The exotic Aedes ovitrap (egg trap) surveillance program is a continuous routine program used to detect importations of exotic Aedes mosquito species into the NT, and thus allows timely control or elimination measures. In 2014/15 there were 32 ovitraps in the Darwin area (Table 1, Fig. 2) and 12 ovitraps in the Palmerston and rural areas (Table 2, Fig. 3) that were collected, inspected, and re-set fortnightly. The regional ovitrap programs in Alyangula, Nhulunbuy, Katherine, and Alice Springs are also inspected and re-set fortnightly. The Darwin ovitraps are set and retrieved by ME, while the ovitraps in the regional centres are set and retrieved by Environmental Health Officers (EHO), local land corporation staff or mine site personnel.
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Ovitraps in Darwin are located in most suburbs and in various rural residential areas. They are also set adjacent to vulnerable entry points for either exotic mosquito incursions from overseas or Qld. Vulnerable entry points include port areas, interstate trucking yards, removalist companies, caravan parks, tyre yards and plant nurseries.
Ovitrap paddles from all regions are received by ME in Darwin, along with any preserved larvae found in the traps. The eggs on the paddles are hatched in the ME laboratory and all subsequent larvae are reared to fourth instars for identification to species level. Often, when the endemic species Ae. katherinensis is suspected to be present, the larvae are reared through to the adult stage for identification confirmation since Ae. albopictus is very similar to Ae. katherinensis in the larval stage.
The number of mosquito eggs laid on ovitrap paddles is generally dependant on the abundance of the adult (female) population, and in turn can relate to the productivity, number, and proximity of suitable breeding sites where the ovitrap is located. The seasonal pattern of larval numbers (eggs laid) from ovitraps is also dependant on the extent and frequency of rainfall in the wet season or the artificial filling of receptacles during the dry season due to garden irrigation or wash down activities.
The ovitrap programs undergo a continual reassessment throughout the year to increase the efficiency of the program. Ovitrap site placements are adjusted according to changed conditions and risk levels, such as loss of overhead vegetation cover, changes in property ownership, access issues, the arrival of risk cargo imported from locations where the target mosquitoes are prevalent, and when there are detections of adult mosquitoes from Department of Agriculture (DoA) collections.
Given that the exotic disease vectors Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus can potentially utilise the same breeding habitats as some endemic Aedes species, the recovery of endemic receptacle breeding Aedes in vulnerable locations, such as the port areas, are an indicator of available breeding sites for exotic Aedes. The recovery of appreciable numbers of endemic Aedes species in the ovitraps is an indication that ongoing awareness campaigns aimed at household and commercial premises with regards to receptacle-breeding mosquitoes need to continue.
5.2.1 Darwin City and Outer Darwin 33.5% (269) of ovitraps sampled (804) in Darwin were positive for mosquito larvae (Table 1). This percentage of positive ovitraps is lower compared to last year (44.2% positive). There was a general increase in Aedes notoscriptus numbers from September through to January coinciding with rain events throughout the build-up (Fig. 11). The initially lower Ae. notoscriptus numbers are most likely due to lower population densities in the late dry season. As more breeding places became available with the onset of rain there would have been a general increase in the populations of this species around some or all of the ovitrap sites. Changes in the numbers of eggs laid in ovitraps during the wet season are related to many factors, such as the local population size of adults, availability of alternative breeding sites and the effect of heavy rain on breeding sites.
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The species most often detected in all traps was Ae. notoscriptus (present in 96.3% of positive ovitraps), followed by Ae. tremulus (present 8.5% of positive ovitraps) (Table 1). No exotic mosquitoes were detected in 2014/15. Of all ovitraps collected from residential premises, 54% were positive for mosquito eggs. The next highest were commercial premises (26%), transport companies (23%) caravan parks (17%), and port areas (13%) (Table1).
5.2.2 Darwin Rural and Palmerston 34.3% (104) of ovitraps sampled (303) in Darwin Rural and Palmerston were positive for mosquito larvae (Table 2, Fig. 12). The species most often detected was Ae. notoscriptus (present in 94.2% of positive ovitraps) followed by Ae. tremulus (present in 17.3% of positive ovitraps) (Table 2). No exotic mosquitoes were detected in 2014/15.
In the Darwin Rural and Palmerston ovitraps, Ae. notoscriptus abundance increased from September through to December, coinciding with build-up rains (Fig. 12).
5.2.3 Groote Eylandt - Alyangula Alyangula is a mining town located on Groote Eylandt in the Gulf of Carpentaria in the East Arnhem region. Many of the vessel arrivals are for international ore export or coastal cargo transport barges to and from Darwin. There is also a possibility of illegal vessels landing on Groote Eylandt or nearby areas. Similar to Nhulunbuy, the area is considered a vulnerable entry point for exotic Aedes species into the NT from Qld and overseas.
The ovitrap program has operated in collaboration between the Groote Eylandt Mining Company (GEMCO) and ME. The ovitrap program was established in July 1998 and continued to March 2000, when local staff shortages resulted in its suspension. The program was re-established in March 2003 and ran until March 2014 when it was again suspended due to GEMCO staff shortages. The five ovitraps were located at the wharf, the airport, mine site, and the Alyangula Township (Old and New Town) and were serviced fortnightly (Figs 4 and 5).
No ovitraps were sampled on Groote Eylandt by GEMCO in 2014/15.
5.2.4 Nhulunbuy Nhulunbuy is a mining town and the principal town in the East Arnhem region. The town is considered a vulnerable entry point for exotic Aedes species into the NT because of mining related transport arriving from overseas and Qld, as well as illegal foreign fishing vessels being occasionally detained near Port Melville and prepared for onshore destruction at Drimmie Head by a local contractor. An ongoing ovitrap surveillance program was established in Nhulunbuy in 1995/96 in collaboration with the Nhulunbuy Corporation. The Nhulunbuy Corporation suspended the program in July 2011, but ME in
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liaison with Environmental Health re-established this important program in February 2013.
The eight ovitraps are serviced by the EHO in Nhulunbuy each fortnight, and the paddles and any larvae are forwarded to ME for larval rearing and identification (Fig. 6).
In 2014/15, Ae. notoscriptus, Ae. tremulus and Culex quinquefasciatus were the endemic species collected. No exotic mosquitoes were detected in 2014/15.
5.2.5 Katherine The ovitrap surveillance program in Katherine currently consists of six ovitraps, located adjacent to vulnerable entry points into Katherine (Fig. 7).
In 2014/15, trapping was undertaken intermittently, due to staff unavailability for most of the year. Katherine Town Council took over the Katherine mosquito surveillance program in June 2015 under a funding arrangement with DoH.
In 2014/15, Ae. notoscriptus, Ae. tremulus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were the endemic species collected. No exotic mosquitoes were detected in 2014/15.
5.2.6 Tennant Creek The Tennant Creek ovitrap surveillance program has historically consisted of three ovitraps set at the Memorial Club, 3 Kittle Street and the Caravan Park (Lot 2133). The traps were serviced fortnightly by the Tennant Creek EHO during the wet season only, commencing after the first appreciable rains. However, the ovitrap program was temporarily suspended from November 2011 to April 2014 while the enhanced surveillance and control activities of the Tennant Creek Ae. aegypti elimination program were occurring. Since the completion of the elimination program in April 2014, the local EHO in Tennant Creek has resumed responsibility for the setting and collecting of mosquito traps. Two routine CO2 baited BG sentinel traps are scheduled to be set on a fortnightly basis at ad hoc locations about the town, replacing the previous ovitrap program.
5.2.7 Alice Springs The Alice Springs ovitrap surveillance program consists of eight ovitraps (Fig. 9). The ovitraps are serviced fortnightly by the Alice Springs EHO during the summer months (November to May).
In 2014/15, traps were set between December 2014 and May 2015. Aedes notoscriptus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were the endemic species collected. No exotic mosquitoes were collected in 2014/15.
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5.3 DoA Adult Mosquito Trapping Program The aim of the DoA (formerly AQIS) adult mosquito trapping program is to monitor for exotic adult mosquitoes around the Darwin port and airport areas. ME carries out mosquito identifications of the DoA samples as a cost per service program. Weekly routine adult mosquito trapping using carbon dioxide baited encephalitis virus surveillance (EVS) and Biogents (BG) traps is conducted by DoA staff at vulnerable entry points in these areas (Fig. 10, Tables 36 and 37).
Since early 2010, BG sentinel adult mosquito traps, specifically designed to attract and collect Ae. aegypti and other Aedes (Stg) species, such as the exotic Ae. albopictus and the endemic Ae. katherinensis, have been incorporated into the quarantine monitoring program (Fig. 10, Table 37). Carbon dioxide gas has been used to enhance the attractiveness of the traps (Meeraus et al 2008).
In 2014/15, CO2 baited EVS traps and BG traps were set and collected weekly by the DoA Officers at three and eight sites respectively. The captured mosquitoes were forwarded to ME for identification. Results and comments were forwarded to DoA, the Royal Australian Airforce (RAAF) and Darwin Airport, Toll Marine Logistics Environmental and Safety Officers and the Darwin Port Authority.
The three routine DoA EVS monitoring trap sites in Darwin are located at Fort Hill Wharf, Darwin Airport and the Fighter Replenishing Apron at the RAAF base (Fig. 10). The seven BG sentinel adult mosquito trap sites were located at the RAAF base (1 site), Toll Marine Logistics (two sites discontinued in Sep 2014), Darwin International Airport (1 site) and East Arm Wharf (EAW) (3 sites)(Fig. 10).
5.3.1 Darwin In 2014/15, there were two incursions of Ae. aegypti associated with international vessel arrivals at Darwin EAW and one incursion of Ae. aegypti associated with international aircraft arrivals at Darwin International Airport.(Table 39).
In August 2014 and January 2015 Ae. aegypti incursions were detected as adults captured in routine surveillance BG traps. The detections were associated with arrivals of vessels carrying break bulk cargo from South East Asian ports. However, no larvae or pupae were found on any cargo. There were no further detections of Ae. albopictus associated with either of these incursions. ME and DoA responded to both detections with Ultra Low Volume (ULV) fogging, larval surveys and insecticide treatment of receptacles and mosquito harbourage areas at EAW.
In February 2015 a sample from a routine surveillance sentinel tyre at Darwin International airport was found to be positive for Ae. aegypti. This was the first detection of an exotic Aedes at Darwin airport. ME and DoA responded to the detection with exotic larval surveys at the airport, insecticide treatment of drain pits and potential harbourage areas about the terminal and enhanced surveillance using additional BG traps and ovitraps. There were no further detections of Ae. aegypti associated with this incursion.
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No exotic mosquitoes were collected in the CO2 baited EVS traps in 2014/15 (Table 36).
5.4 Exotic Mosquito Interceptions In the NT, DoA survey and treat apprehended illegal foreign fishing vessels (IFFVs) and illegal persons vessels for any exotic pest threats to Australia, including mosquitoes. Illegal vessels are usually detained and escorted to a port by the Royal Australian Navy and the Australian Custom Services. Some vessels, such as fishing iceboats traditionally carry large 800-1000L drinking water receptacles that are sealed and therefore are not suitable for mosquito breeding. Shark boats and illegal persons vessels however, often use open 200L plastic drums as drinking water receptacles, which are suitable for mosquito breeding, and exotic larvae are often detected in these receptacles.
In 2014/15, information forwarded from DoA indicated that there were no interceptions of exotic mosquitoes from illegal vessels intercepted in close proximity to NT ports (Table 39).
Table 39 shows port of origin, vessel type and receptacle type for all exotic species recorded in Northern Territory (NT) seaports between 2000/01 and 2014/15.
Aedes aegypti has been the most frequently detected exotic species from receptacles at seaports since 2000/01 (111 detections) while Ae. albopictus has only been collected 15 times (Table 39).
Previous data showed that the potential importation of Ae. aegypti into the NT is more likely to be through IFFVs via water holding receptacles used for drinking water storage. Aedes albopictus appears more likely to be imported via used tyres and other receptacle types, which generally arrive on cargo vessels. Drinking water receptacles usually have less nutrients present in the form of leaf and insect detritus, and thus may be less attractive for egg laying by Ae. albopictus.
Aedes aegypti is a highly domesticated species that primarily feeds on humans. The proximity of drinking water receptacles and humans at the port of IFFV’s origin would tend to increase the likelihood of Ae. aegypti presence and transportation via this mode. However, since apprehended IFFV’s have tended to be moored 1.5 nm from shore during quarantine inspection procedures for the majority of the times they have been detained, the higher risk of importations within the Darwin port environment would appear to be via international cargo vessels. The risks of exotic importations into areas other than first ports of call are from illegal shore landings of IFFV’s or other illegal foreign vessels.
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5.5 Receptacle Breeding Surveys As part of the ME exotic vector surveillance program, surveys for receptacle breeding exotic Aedes mosquitoes are conducted as a supplement to the ovitrap program. The aim is to detect exotic mosquito incursions that have breached the 400m quarantine zone at international ports or from those arriving from Queensland (Qld) by road or via any other mode.
Locations that are targeted for the potential presence of exotic receptacle breeding species are port areas, nurseries, caravan parks and transport companies, as they are potential entry points for exotic mosquitoes in the NT. Some commercial and residential premises outside these categories are also surveyed, particularly those close to potential entry points listed above, or that contain a large number of potential receptacle breeding sites.
Port areas receive international shipping traffic and are thus susceptible to potential exotic mosquito incursions. Caravan parks and transport companies represent a risk of interstate vehicles inadvertently transporting Ae. aegypti eggs or larvae in receptacles across the border from Qld. Nurseries are considered a risk because they often import plants and pots from interstate (including Qld) and overseas, and they can contain suitable breeding or adult harbourage sites.
Remote coastal locations close to frequent IFFV activity are potentially subject to exotic mosquito introductions via routes other than through the main shipping ports. The method of introduction into nearby towns or communities may be via relocation of receptacles obtained from IFFV camps.
In 2014/2015, exotic vector surveys were carried out in Tennant Creek (January 2015), Jabiru (March 2015) and Alyangula and Angurugu on Groote Eylandt (April 2015). No exotic mosquitoes were detected.
The majority of the Darwin port areas within the 400m quarantine zone were surveyed early in the 2014/15 wet season as a DoA/ME joint program. This timing allowed for the assessment of the receptivity of each port area before the main wet season so that source reduction recommendations could be conveyed to the respective proprietors, and then actioned in a timely manner before the rains. During the routine receptacle surveys, no exotic mosquitoes were detected.
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6 VECTOR SURVEILLANCE & CONTROL IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY
6.1 Darwin In 2014/15, a total of 49 adult mosquito species were recorded in Darwin and Palmerston using all collection methods (Table 3). The most important mosquito species recorded from routine CO2 baited encephalitis virus surveillance (EVS) traps in Darwin in 2014/15 and their relative numbers are shown in Tables 4-6.
6.1.1 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 6.1.1.1 Monitoring program
The Darwin routine adult mosquito monitoring program consisted of 16 CO2 baited EVS traps set throughout the Darwin urban area (Table 5, Fig. 1). Ten of the traps were set weekly throughout the year. The Totem Road trap recommenced in December 2014, following a short break due to land development, and the Botanic Gardens trap was set during the wet season from October to April. The Richardson Park trap commenced in September 2014, and will remain a permanent trap site until the stormwater drainage issues in the adjacent mangrove area are rectified. A new trap site was established at Brandt Road (Knuckey Lagoons rural area) in January 2015 to monitor mosquito numbers outside the routine aerial control area.
Eleven of the trap sites have been monitored continuously using the same trap type since 1985, with continuous monitoring at some of the sites in place since 1979, representing one of the longest consistent adult mosquito monitoring data sets in Australia (Table 4). This data is used to evaluate long term mosquito control and disease risk.
6.1.1.2 Adult mosquito numbers The 2014/15 results for the 11 continuous traps are shown in Table 4. The results from all 16 trap sites are shown in Table 5.
Karama and Palm Creek were by far the most productive of the 11 continuous trap sites, recording 36,231 and 35,194 adult female mosquitoes respectively, followed by Longwood (11,221), Leanyer Dump (11,190) and Leanyer Gate (7095) (Table 4).
The average weekly number of Aedes vigilax per trap for the 11 continuous traps in 2014/15 was 40.95, which was similar to 2013/14 (41.37) (Table 6). Average common banded, Culex annulirostris numbers per trap in the eleven continuous traps increased moderately from 92.59 in 2013/14 to 117.90 in 2014/15 (Table 6). This was the highest average Cx. annulirostris numbers recorded since 2003/04. The high vector numbers were most likely due to the unusual ‘dry’ wet season in early 2015, with conditions similar to the ‘build up’ characterised by intermittent rain, resulting in high numbers of vector mosquitoes breeding in isolated pools.
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The average weekly number of Anopheles bancroftii in 2014/15 was 11.53, almost double of what was recorded in 2013/14 (6.27) (Table 6). Average weekly An. farauti s.l. numbers in 2014/15 (3.31) were similar to 2013/14 (3.05). The pest mosquitoes Mansonia uniformis and Coquillettidia xanthogaster were also recorded in similar numbers compared to 2013/14 (Table 6).
6.1.1.3 Seasonal occurrence Aedes vigilax abundance is associated with monthly high tides (7.4 m ACD or over) and/or appreciable daily rainfall (25mm and above) during most months of the year, except for February and March, when the majority or all of their principal breeding sites are seasonally flooded and unavailable for egg deposition. Aedes vigilax is usually most common in the Darwin area from September to January inclusive (Fig. 17). Maximum monthly tide levels generally increase from mid-July to December, increasing inundation of the salt marsh habitat, with heavy rain also resulting in egg hatching. Consequently, Ae. vigilax numbers increase steadily to reach a peak in November to January. The exception is the Casuarina Coastal Reserve, which can breed high Ae. vigilax numbers in coastal dune depressions throughout the mid-late wet season after heavy rain events or very high tides. In 2014/15, Ae. vigilax was most abundant during the months of August to January inclusive (Fig. 17A).
The common banded mosquito Cx. annulirostris is most common in the Darwin area during the months of January to August (Fig. 17). During most years, two peaks occur during these months, an early to mid - wet season peak in January or February, and an extended peak during the months of April to August. The early/mid wet season peak is usually larger than the late wet/early dry season peak (Fig. 17). The early/mid wet season peak is generally a result of initial widespread flooding of the Holmes Jungle and Leanyer swamps, and other swamps and smaller ground depressions in the wider Darwin area, with high mosquito productivity due to the lack of mosquito larvae predators after initial flooding. The late wet to mid dry season peak is a result of the progressive drying of the larger breeding sites, such as the Holmes Jungle Reed Swamp, resulting in the formation of thickly vegetated pools with restricted access for mosquito larvae predators. The late wet and early dry season peak is also contributed to by residual grassy pools in the Leanyer Swamp floodplain, and by vegetated stormwater drains located in Leanyer, Malak and Karama.
In 2014/15, the mid wet season peak of Cx. annulirostris that occurred in February was by far the largest peak of the season, and also the largest mid wet season peak on record (Fig. 17). Much lower, but still elevated numbers occurred in January, and March to June, and also from July to September (Fig. 17A). Generally, the early to mid - wet season peak is impractical to effectively control due to concurrent flooding of over 1000 hectares of floodplain in the Leanyer and Holmes Jungle swamps after the first monsoonal rains. However, high concentrations of larvae are targeted by aerial control to reduce the size of the early/mid - wet season peak. The early to mid - dry season peaks are usually smaller due to targeted aerial control of more defined breeding sites in the Holmes Jungle Swamp.
Other important mosquito species such as Cq. xanthogaster, An. bancroftii, An. farauti s.l. and Ma. uniformis are usually most abundant in the late wet season and early dry season, when semi-aquatic vegetation growth is abundant, and deep flooded areas
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begin to dry, leaving shallow or relatively isolated pools. Despite the below average wet season and proliferation of potential breeding habitat, all of these species recorded similar average numbers per trap night in 2014/15 compared to 2013/14.
6.1.1.4 Trapping sites When comparing total numbers of all mosquito species from all routine monitoring sites, the Palm Creek and Karama trap sites are usually the most productive. This trend was followed in 2014/15, with Karama being the most productive trap site, closely followed by Palm Creek (Table 5). The higher numbers of all mosquito species at Karama and Palm Creek is due to very large areas of reed swamp and other wetland breeding areas in the nearby Holmes Jungle Reed Swamp and upper mangrove areas close to the trap sites. These breeding sites are considerably influenced by rainfall and tides, providing suitable habitats for both freshwater and brackish water mosquito species.
The Holmes Jungle Reed Swamp is not targeted by engineering control methods due to the ecological sensitivity and its importance as a fish breeding site. Medical Entomology (ME) does not routinely control mosquitoes other than the salt marsh mosquito in this swamp, unless there is a relatively high risk of mosquito borne disease from Cx. annulirostris or if numbers of this species and other pest mosquitoes such as An. bancroftii become markedly high. The minimum urban distance buffer of 1.6 km from the edge of this swamp usually results in few pest problems in the nearby residential areas, apart from those caused by the long distance dispersing mosquito Ae. vigilax. The Palm Creek and Karama trap sites are also likely to be influenced to some extent by Ae. vigilax dispersal from coastal swamps associated with Kings Creek and the Howard River to the east.
As in previous years, the northern suburb traps of Karama, Palm Creek, Leanyer Gate, Leanyer Dump and Longwood were amongst the most productive traps (Table 5), due to the location of the traps between productive swamp breeding sites and the urban fringes of the suburbs.
In 2014/15, the traps bordering the Marrara Swamp system were similar in productivity to the Casuarina trap in terms of overall mosquito numbers. Culex annulirostris and Cq. xanthogaster were the two most common mosquitoes in the Aviation Museum, Marrara Round Swamp and Marrara Rifle Range traps, with breeding of both species also related to the availability of semi-aquatic vegetation and shallow ponding (Table 5). Usually, the Marrara swamps are only moderate sources of mosquitoes, but numbers have increased in recent years.
Karama was by far the most productive trap site for Ae. vigilax, with Leanyer Dump, Longwood Ave, Palm Creek and Leanyer Gate being the next most productive trap sites. Casuarina was also a relatively productive trap sites for Ae. vigilax, with other trap sites recording low overall numbers (Table 5).
Culex annulirostris was most abundant in the traps close to the Holmes Jungle and Leanyer swamps (Table 5). Casuarina collected similar numbers to Leanyer Gate, indicating that the drainage issues (dry season low flows) from the suburbs into upper
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tidal Sandy Creek near the Darwin Hospital have created productive breeding sites for this major pest and disease mosquito.
Other important mosquitoes such as the Anopheles mosquitoes and Cq. xanthogaster were most abundant in the Palm Creek and Karama traps (Table 5).
Trapping at Brandt Road only commenced in January 2015 and therefore mosquito numbers could not be compared to the other routine trap sites. However, trap results showed that the nearby Micket Creek Reed Swamp, Noogoo Swamp and potentially Knuckey Lagoons, are important sources of Cx. annulirostris, Cq. xanthogaster and Anopheles mosquitoes to this area.
6.1.2 Vectors & Disease case data 6.1.2.1 Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus disease
The two principal vectors of Ross River virus (RRV) and Barmah Forest virus (BFV) in the Darwin region are the northern salt marsh mosquito Ae. vigilax and the common banded mosquito Cx. annulirostris The ecology and seasonality of these mosquitoes is discussed in Section 5.1.1.3.
The dry conditions of the mid to late dry season result in a relatively short longevity of Ae. vigilax and hence in a reduced capacity to transmit RRV. This is why large numbers of Ae. vigilax in October to November generally do not translate to high numbers of RRV cases. As soon as the heavy rains occur (usually in December or January), the increase in humidity, together with vegetation growth, increases the longevity of Ae. vigilax resulting in an increased potential to transmit RRV. High numbers of Cx. annulirostris in April, May or June are also not correlated with high RRV disease cases, due to the reduced life span of the vector.
In 2014/15 there were 314 laboratory notified cases of RRV in the Darwin region (Table 9). Although this was a decrease compared to 2013/14 when 345 cases were reported (Table 9), case numbers were still very high.
The high RRV disease cases in the Darwin region in 2014/15 were most likely due to the very high Cx. annulirostris numbers (Fig 18). It is expected that after two seasons of very high cases, case numbers will decrease in the following season due to increased immunity in humans and host animals, unless significant population growth consisting of large numbers of non-immune people occurs.
The number of laboratory reported cases of BFV disease in the NT decreased substantially from 129 in 2013/14 to 28 in 2014/15 (Table 10). The principal commercial test kit for BFV was removed in November 2013 due to concerns about its accuracy and there was a substantial reduction in the number of notified BFV cases as a result.
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6.1.2.2 Murray Valley encephalitis virus surveillance Sentinel chicken flocks are used as an early warning system to detect Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) and Kunjin virus (KUNV) activity in the NT. The sentinel chicken data for 2014/15 is summarised in Table 13 and discussed in Section 7.1. No MVE or KUN virus disease cases were reported in the Darwin region in 2014/15 (Table 11).
6.1.3 Routine Ground Larval Mosquito Control Program Darwin 6.1.3.1 Larval survey and control program Larval mosquito surveys in the Darwin urban and peri urban areas are carried out by ME in cooperation with the Parks and Wildlife Commission of the NT (PWCNT), as part of the Department of Health (DoH) NT Disease Control Program. In the Darwin area, control operations generally target the major disease vectors Ae. vigilax and Cx. annulirostris. Known breeding sites are inspected and controlled by ME, with the exception of the Botanic Gardens and Charles Darwin National Park, which are serviced by PWCNT. All known mosquito breeding sites in Darwin Urban have been mapped on Geographic Information System (GIS), with the data compatible with Google Earth for easy viewing and file sharing.
The City of Darwin (CoD) is responsible for preventing mosquito breeding within its jurisdiction, with major potential breeding areas located in Fannie Bay, East Point Reserve, Vestey's Beach, Mindil Beach, Nightcliff Foreshore and the Rapid Creek area. Integrated mosquito control is carried out by engineering measures (CoD) (see Section 5.1.5), and larval mosquito control (ME). Crown Land areas around Darwin Urban only, such as Ludmilla Swamp,Coconut Grove/Kulaluk and Frances Bay, are also surveyed and controlled by ME.
6.1.3.2 Larval mosquito survey results In 2014/15, the major Ae. vigilax breeding sites at the PWCNT administered George Brown Darwin Botanical Gardens included a tidally influenced Brackish Fern area and grassy depressions at the base of Bullocky Point, numerous large ground depressions and drains east of Gilruth Ave near the tidal flat and in the Mindil Beach car park area. Productivity was moderate to high at most sites, with highest numbers detected during the early to mid-wet season.
The main breeding sites in CoD administrated areas were grassy wet season pools at Vesteys Lake, Lake Alexander, East Point Reserve and Mindil Beach/Gardens Golf Course, as well as tidal flats and drains near Lake Alexander. Other breeding sites controlled included the Nightcliff Foreshore rock pools between the jetty and Nightcliff Pool and tidal drains off Rapid Creek Road.
Crown Land breeding sites included the extensive upper tidal mangrove areas of Ludmilla Creek near the Ludmilla School, including the many tidal drains, as well as tidal drains around Fannie Bay and Coconut Grove, and wet season drainage lines in Frances Bay. Other major areas of mosquito breeding were controlled in interdune areas, upper tidal flats and drains and the crab farm ponds at Kulaluk Reserve (Coconut Grove).
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The major breeding sites at Casuarina Coastal Reserve were the upper tidal reaches of Sandy Creek, including the Brackish Fern area that receives freshwater from the Rocklands Drive section of Sandy Creek. Other major breeding sites were numerous large and productive interdune depressions scattered along the coast from the Dripstone Cliffs to the mouth of Buffalo Creek, with the Lee Point area containing the majority of these interdune breeding sites.
6.1.3.3 Larval ground control In 2014/15, the most common larvicide used in CoD, Crown Land and PWCNT controlled areas was s-methoprene 30 day pellets and 150 day briquettes. The insecticides were used in selected Darwin urban areas, mostly tidally influenced stormwater drains to provide control in the late dry/early wet season, with breeding sites treated in Ludmilla Creek, Rapid Creek, Coconut Grove and Fannie Bay. Localised wet season ground pools around Darwin, including pools at East Point, Vesteys Lake, Lake Alexander, Mindil Beach, Fannie Bay, Coconut Grove and Nightcliff Foreshore, were also selectively treated with s-methoprene pellets.
Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.i) was the main larvicide used at the Darwin Botanic Gardens, with methoprene pellets also used, particularly after widespread flooding in the mid wet season. All breeding sites at Charles Darwin National Park were controlled with s-methoprene 150 day briquettes.
S-methoprene residual pellets were used at Casuarina Coastal Reserve, which included the aerial application of pellets to a large interdune depression adjacent to the lower reaches of Sandy Creek, northwest of the Darwin Hospital. This depression is inaccessible on the ground in some parts, and thus necessitates the aerial application of pellets. Another site aerially controlled with s-methoprene was the ‘candlebush’ area 200m to the east of the hospital grounds. S-methoprene briquettes were also utilised in a number of accessible dune, grassy depressions and creek lines at Casuarina Coastal Reserve. The use of briquettes or pellets in all breeding sites greatly reduced survey and control requirements, while maintaining very good control of mosquito breeding.
6.1.4 Aerial Mosquito Control Program The aerial larval control program in Darwin is aimed primarily at the northern salt marsh mosquito Ae. vigilax, and the common banded mosquito Cx. annulirostris. Salt marsh swamps within a 5km range of the edge of the northern suburbs of Darwin are routinely surveyed by either helicopter or quad bikes by ME after high tides or critical amounts of rain. Swamp areas surveyed and controlled by helicopter include Leanyer Swamp, the Leanyer bomb crater area, Holmes Jungle reed and mangrove swamps, Micket Swamp and parts of the Shoal Bay Communication Base Swamp (Fig. 19). Insecticides are applied by helicopter in liquid formulations, primarily the bacterial insecticide B.t.i or less commonly liquid s-methoprene or s-methoprene pellets.
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In the 2014/15 season, a total of 22 aerial surveys and 20 control operations were carried out, with a total of 1713 ha controlled. This was similar to 2013/14, when 1420 ha were controlled.
The average number of mosquitoes trapped per week in the 11 continuous carbon dioxide traps in Darwin was only slightly higher (223), compared to 195 last year (Table 6).
6.1.5 Mosquito Engineering Control Program The Darwin Mosquito Engineering Control Program is a cooperative effort between ME and CoD to maintain and upgrade Darwin storm water drains, which are actual or potential mosquito breeding sites, as well as to rectify actual and potential mosquito breeding depressions. The program is funded on a 1:2 dollar basis between CoD: DoH, with a $328,163 program in 2014/15. It is a major program for ME, involving inspections and maintenance work on existing drains and concrete upgrading of sections of drains where there are demonstrated mosquito breeding problems, as well as documenting wet season areas of ponding and actual or potential mosquito breeding for dry season rectification.
In 2014/15, much of the engineering budget was spent on desilting stormwater drains that require annual maintenance, including drains along the tidal fringes of Leanyer Swamp, Rapid Creek, Coconut Grove, Kulaluk Reserve, Ludmilla, Vestey’s Lake, Mindil Beach, Gardens Golf Course, East Point and Lake Alexander. Herbiciding in Leanyer Swamp, Stuart Park, Winnellie and Bayview Haven was also carried out to minimise the potential for vegetation growth to block the drains. Other areas of Darwin, in which drains were desilted included Marrara, Winnellie/Stuart Park and Bayview Haven. Filling of depressions was also carried out at Vestey’s Lake and Mindil Beach. Concrete drains were also upgraded at Vestey’s Lake and Mindil Beach.
The key to the successful mosquito engineering control program is the continued cooperation between ME and CoD, as well as assistance from the Power and Water Corporation (PWC) and Department of Lands Planning & the Environment (DLPE) in regards to drain maintenance and rectification in their areas. The ME database is a valuable tool in identifying frequent mosquito breeding sites, with GIS used for planning and monitoring of work programs.
6.1.6 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control Mosquito engineering control measures are still required at Ludmilla Creek, George Brown Darwin Botanical Gardens, Casuarina Coastal Reserve (including Lee Point and Buffalo Creek), Lake Alexander, Vestey’s Lake, East Point, Mindil Beach, Coconut Grove and Leanyer Swamp. These areas contain productive salt marsh and common banded mosquito breeding sites, most of which can be engineered to prevent or significantly reduce mosquito breeding. Therefore, these mosquito breeding sites should be targeted for rectification.
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Lake Alexander requires minor fill operations in numerous grassy depressions, while Vestey’s Lake still requires minor shallow fill operations in several low lying areas to enable surface water runoff, particularly those areas disturbed by vehicles. Overall, during the past few years, mosquito breeding sites have been significantly reduced in these two areas.
Leanyer Swamp requires annual maintenance of the numerous existing open earth storm water drains established under the engineering program. The main problem drains are those from urban areas, with dry season low flows promoting the growth of tidal couch grass, Eleocharis reeds and weeds. Annual herbiciding reduces the potential for the weeds to obstruct the drains. However, desilting works are still required in some drains to minimise water ponding after high tides and rainfall events. Other smaller drains in the swamp are subject to mangrove growth closing over the drain and allowing shallow ponding. In addition, unauthorised vehicle access in the swamp impacts on the mosquito control in drains and adjacent tidal flats, requiring costly remediation works on an annual basis. All drains in the Leanyer Swamp are re-excavated as necessary using a laser guided swamp excavator.
The upper tidal reaches of Ludmilla Creek opposite Richardson Park and Ludmilla School contain extensive Ae. vigilax and Cx. sitiens breeding areas, which are becoming progressively larger each year. Water ponding in this area is a result of a silted outlet channel from the Bagot Rd subsoil drainage system outfall at the rear of the school. The outlet channel requires desilting, and will need to be placed on a periodic maintenance program by the relevant authority to ensure the drain remains free draining. The smaller drainage channels in the upper tidal reaches of Ludmilla Creek from Nemarluk Dve and Richardson Dve also require desilting once the main outlet channel has been rectified.
The George Brown Darwin Botanical Gardens require extensive mosquito breeding site rectification works, which include extensive fill operations in low lying areas. Open concrete invert drains could also improve drainage of many areas.
Casuarina Coastal Reserve requires large scale rectification works to rectify numerous interdune depressions that have become mosquito breeding sites, particularly in the Lee Point area. The sand accumulating process from longshore drift of sand just east of Lee Point is gradually creating new interdune mosquito breeding sites, which become more extensive and productive each year. These sites need to be filled with sand from the lower beach line, and graded. If carried out correctly, this would permanently rectify some of the most productive breeding sites in this area similar to what has previously been achieved in the Casuarina Coastal Reserve and by ME and CoD in interdune areas in Coconut Grove (Kulaluk area).
One of the largest and most productive mosquito breeding site in Casuarina Coastal Reserve, the Lee Point Pillbox depression (approximately 500m west of Lee Point), requires an engineering solution by sand filling and grading to prevent appreciable water ponding and mosquito breeding.
Page 29 The other major mosquito breeding site requiring rectification works is the upper tidal reaches of Sandy Creek near the hospital residential houses. Maintenance works need to be carried out on the upper Sandy Creek low flow pipe system, which has a section of damaged pipe that requires replacing, as well as the removal of sediment accumulation in the pipe near the weir inlet. The numbers of Cx. annulirostris in the Casuarina routine monitoring trap in 2014/15 were similar to the Leanyer Gate trap, indicating rectification should be carried out as a priority, as Cx. annulirostris numbers should generally be much lower at Casuarina compared to traps set near Leanyer Swamp.
Appreciable mosquito engineering works are also required in the Buffalo Creek boat ramp area, to rectify drainage problems caused by the previous construction of the road leading to the boat ramp.
In Palmerston, preliminary investigations by ME have shown that many Ae. vigilax breeding sites occur in the upper tidal reaches of Mitchell Creek and Brooking Creek, including disturbed tidal areas and a tidally affected sediment basin, and at stormwater discharge points at the mangrove fringe on the west side of Palmerston. These breeding sites require rectification where possible, routine larval control with insecticides, or a combination of both.
Ad hoc adult mosquito monitoring has indicated that there are Cx. annulirostris breeding sites affecting the Palmerston suburbs of Darla and Fairway Waters. The breeding sites require locating for future rectification.
6.2 Groote Eylandt
6.2.1 Mosquito species recorded on Groote Eylandt In 2014/15, 15 mosquito species were recorded on Groote Eylandt (Table 20). The most important species collected in Alyangula are shown in Table 21.
6.2.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 6.2.2.1 Monitoring program Since April 2014, no routine adult trapping or ovitrap setting has taken place due to staff reductions in the Groote Eylandt Mining Company (GEMCO) environmental unit. GEMCO has indicated that it is in the process of creating a new position that has responsibility for mosquito surveillance, cane toad surveillance and weed surveillance and control.
The three routine adult mosquito monitoring sites on Groote Eylandt are located at the mine site near Angurugu, the wharf area in Alyangula Township and the Golf Club (Figs 4 and 5). An Environmental Adviser from GEMCO conducted trapping on a fortnightly basis until April 2014. CO2 baited EVS traps were set at the routine trap sites (Alyangula
Page 30 township and Golf Course) for two nights in April 2015 while ME officers were visiting Groote Eylandt to carry out an exotic mosquito survey (Table 21).
6.2.2.2 Adult Mosquito Numbers Adult mosquito trapping at the routine trapping sites was only carried out over two nights in April 2015 (Table 21) and therefore adult mosquito numbers cannot be reported on and compared to previous years.
No exotic mosquitoes were detected in Alyangula in 2014/15.
6.2.2.3 Seasonal Occurrence and Trapping sites Two of the three adult routine trap sites are located near Alyangula town. The first is at the golf course and the second in the port area, while the third trap site is situated at the mine site, some 20 km south of the township (Figs 4 and 5).
The rainfall recorded in Alyangula in 2014/15 (717.6mm) was substantially lower compared to 2013/14 (1265mm). Appreciable rainfall occurred in December (144mm), January (199mm), February (212mm) and March (88mm) (Bureau of Meteorology).
The major breeding sites of Ae. vigilax near Alyangula are the coastal areas near the golf club, the small tidal creeks south of the town, the upper reaches of the mangrove creeks east of the road to Deception Bay near the Ngadumiyerrka community (‘Little Paradise’), and on Connexion Island. A large number of rock pools to the north of Alyangula, near the North West Bluff, may also be capable of producing moderate numbers of Ae. vigilax after the first wet season rains. The pools hold water and become saline from wind borne sea spray. However, it is probable that a considerable proportion of the Ae. vigilax adult population usually detected at Alyangula originated from the extensive breeding sites on Connexion Island.
Connexion Island is situated approximately 6 km west of Alyangula, which is within the flight range of Ae. vigilax. During the monsoon months of January and February, Groote Eylandt experiences prevailing north-westerly winds. Past records show that Ae. vigilax numbers in Alyangula usually increase during this period. This indicates that the adult mosquitoes detected in Alyangula are probably dispersing with the aid of the wind from Connexion Island into the township. Connexion Island has a number of large Ae. vigilax breeding sites that have previously been identified by ME and GEMCO. These include some small tidally influenced areas on the southern and eastern shores of the island, and a large salt lake at the northern end of the island. The salt lake is not subject to regular tides, but become extensively flooded after the monsoon rains.
There is minor Cx. annulirostris breeding in ground depressions on the golf course. However, the major Cx. annulirostris breeding sites near Alyangula are located to the north of the town. There are extensive freshwater swamps and sub-coastal areas of grassland behind Deception Bay, directly north of Alyangula that provides suitable breeding sites for this species.
Page 31 The Alyangula township trap site is close to the port, industrial and commercial areas. These areas often have items such as large tyres, drums, bins and plant machinery that can hold water during the wet season. Past detections of Ae. notoscriptus in ovitraps placed in the port area indicates that there are water filled receptacles in the vicinity of the wharf that would provide suitable breeding sites for exotic Aedes mosquitoes should they be reintroduced. There is a need to periodically conduct larval surveys and clean-up operations near the port area at the beginning of the wet season to reduce the risk of an exotic mosquito establishment.
6.2.2.4 Larval survey Larval surveys were conducted by ME officers from 27/04/15 to 30/04/15 in Alyangula and Umbakumba. The main focus of the surveys was to check for the presence of exotic receptacle breeding mosquitoes. In Alyangula, 29 properties were surveyed, with receptacles positive for mosquito breeding found on 13 premises. In Umbakumba 4 properties were surveyed and colonised receptacles were found on 3 premises. The surveys were timed to coincide with the late wet season in East Arnhem Land when receptacles would be holding water. No exotic mosquitoes were found during the surveys.
6.2.3 Vector & Disease case data 6.2.3.1 Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus disease RRV disease cases occur mostly during or towards the end of the wet season. RRV and BFV disease cases on Groote Eylandt have been relatively low since 1992/93. One to five cases per year of both diseases seem to reflect the normal status (Fig. 15).
In 2014/15, there were 16 reported cases of RRV disease (Table 7) and no cases of BFV disease in the East Arnhem region (Table 8). No RRV disease cases were recorded on Groote Eylandt. Aedes vigilax and Cx. annulirostris are the main vectors for these diseases, and occurred in relatively low numbers in the Alyangula town area.
6.2.3.2 Murray Valley encephalitis virus surveillance The Alyangula sentinel chicken flock was discontinued after July 2011, as part of a program revision. The main reason to discontinue the flock was the lack of seroconversions to MVE or KUN, with only one seroconversion to KUN recorded in 2008/09, indicating that the ecology on Groote Eylandt is not optimal for MVE or KUN virus, and may be due to the lack of large populations or breeding sites for the water bird hosts including herons and egrets.
6.2.4 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control • It is important to regularly maintain all storm water drains in urban areas to discourage mosquito breeding. Drains that are not regularly cleared of vegetation, and do not have the drain floor graded to eliminate depressions, can pool water from wet season rainfall or dry season low flows. Pools that form along drain lines
Page 32 that have dry season low flows often have a high organic content from vegetation and debris that collects in the drain. These pools are often associated with the presence of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. annulirostris larvae. The adults of these species have been detected in relatively high numbers at the mine and the golf course site on Groote Eylandt. It is recommended that a storm water drain maintenance program be implemented in Alyangula and at the mine site, and that any drains that require maintenance are cleared and graded before each wet season.
• In light of the importation and establishment of Ae. aegypti in 2006, it is recommended that an exotic Aedes receptacle breeding survey be conducted by ME at least annually in Alyangula. This is in addition to fortnightly collected ovitraps around Alyangula and the mine site. In addition, receptacle surveys should be conducted on a periodic (1-3 years) basis in Umbakumba and Milyakburra and other small outstations in the area that are considered to be at risk to an exotic vector incursion through overseas importations (illegal foreign fishing vessel landings). The surveys should include premise-by-premise surveys for receptacle breeding mosquitoes in residential areas, as well as person landing and adult trapping targeting exotic vector species. The surveys should be undertaken in liaison with Dof Agriculture officers, indigenous ranger groups and GEMCO Environmental staff.
• It is important that adult mosquito surveillance and the ovitrap surveillance programs are maintained on Groote Eylandt, which has a port receiving vessels from South East Asia, residents that regularly travel overseas to countries where diseases like dengue and malaria are prevalent, and has a proven record of being receptive to the establishment of exotic Aedes mosquitoes.
6.3 Nhulunbuy
6.3.1 Mosquito species recorded in Nhulunbuy Twenty nine mosquito species were collected in Nhulunbuy in 2014/15 (Table 16). The most important mosquito species collected in Nhulunbuy in terms of pest and diseases are shown in Tables 17 and 18.
6.3.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring and Control Program 6.3.2.1 Monitoring program There are six routine adult mosquito monitoring sites in Nhulunbuy (Fig. 6). Traps are currently located at Wallaby Beach, Buffalo Creek, Rear Jasper, Contractors Village, the Industrial Estate and Nhulunbuy South. Five traps have been in continuous operation since 1990/91 and a sixth (Industrial Estate) was started in 2004/05. A DoH Environmental Health Officer (EHO) is scheduled to set and collect the traps on a fortnightly basis. Once collected, the mosquitoes are sent to ME for identification, and the results, comments and control advice are forwarded to the Nhulunbuy Corporation Limited (NCL), Nhulunbuy EHO, Centre for Disease Control Nhulunbuy and Arnhem Land Pest Control (ALPC). The NCL then organises mosquito control as required.
Page 33 6.3.2.2 Adult Mosquito Control ‘Fogging’ or adulticiding by Ultra Low Volume applications (ULV) conducted by ALPC under direction from NCL is based on adult mosquito monitoring results, with public complaints also influencing fogging frequencies. Fogging thresholds have been previously set for the mosquito species Ae. vigilax and Cx. annulirostris (Montgomery & Love 1995). Fogging is recommended once a week for two weeks, or until numbers go below the thresholds of Ae. vigilax, when numbers exceed 50/trap night, and when Cx. annulirostris numbers exceed 100/trap night at any of the relevant trap locations. The fogging frequency can increase to three times a week for two weeks on occasions when there are over 100/trap night for Ae. vigilax and over 200/trap night for Cx. annulirostris.
6.3.2.3 Adult mosquito numbers The average number of all mosquitoes caught per trap night in the five continuous monitoring traps in 2014/15 (165) was the lowest since 2007/08 (Table 18). However, the relatively low average numbers were most likely a result of the occasional unavailability of the local EHO to conduct trapping, resulting in a relatively low number of trap nights (50) (including during peak periods) compared to previous years (Table 19).
Culex annulirostris and Ae. vigilax were still the two most commonly detected species in all of the routine Nhulunbuy monitoring traps in 2014/15 (Table 17).
The routine trap sites that usually record high numbers of Ae. vigilax in Nhulunbuy are Buffalo Creek, Wallaby Beach, Contractors Village and Nhulunbuy South. These sites are in close proximity to six of the major salt marsh mosquito breeding areas on the Gove Peninsula; namely the upper tidal areas of No Name Creek, the Special Purpose Lease area 270 at the reclaimed red mud ponds (SPL270), Crocodile Creek, the western mudflats, Buffalo Creek and Rainbow Beach.
Historically, there have been large-scale emergences of Ae. vigilax detected on the Gove Peninsula following the first monsoonal rains. However, due to the limited adult mosquito surveillance carried out during the salt marsh mosquito season in 2014/15, no detailed information on Ae. vigilax numbers is available for 2014/15.
The major breeding sites for Cx. annulirostris on the Gove Peninsula are in the depressions on the SPL270 at Wallaby Beach, followed by the upper reaches of Freshwater Creek, and Nhulunbuy Lagoon.
6.3.2.4 Seasonal occurrence Aedes vigilax and Cx. annulirostris are the two major vector species found on the Gove Peninsula, and their numbers are often closely related to rainfall patterns. During 2014/15, a total of 1861.6mm of rain was recorded at Gove airport compared to last year (1602.4mm). The highest rainfall occurred in February (549.6mm), with other major rainfall events occurring in December (145.8mm), January (354.2mm), March (512mm), April (164.4mm) and June (112.6mm) (Bureau of Meteorology).
Page 34 Aedes vigilax breeds in salt marsh or upper mangrove areas affected by high tides or rain. This species is usually detected in relatively high numbers after spring tides at most routine traps around Gove. However, historically, the largest population peak occurs after the first monsoonal rains when depressions on the SPL270 become filled, causing a hatch of eggs deposited on the surface of the mud during the previous season.
The peak Cx. annulirostris breeding period on the Gove Peninsula is usually between January and April. This species can breed in high numbers in shallow vegetated sections in the reclaimed red mud ponds, and in vegetation that becomes lodged around the margins of the Nhulunbuy Lagoon in the late wet season or in shallow vegetation areas as water levels retreat.
6.3.3 Trapping sites There are a number of major mosquito breeding sites around the Gove Peninsular. Adult mosquito dispersal from some of these breeding sites can directly impact on Nhulunbuy residents. The degree of impact can vary depending on the species flight range. The important Ae. vigilax breeding sites are on the SPL270 at Wallaby Beach, Macassar Creek, Crocodile Creek, the western mudflats, No-Name Creek, Buffalo Creek and Rainbow Creek. The main Cx. annulirostris breeding sites are the reclaimed red mud ponds, the top of Freshwater Creek behind Contractors Village and the Nhulunbuy Lagoon.
Due to the limited trapping carried out during the 2014/15 Ae. vigilax season, the most productive breeding sites for this financial year cannot be determined.
The major malaria vector in the NT, An. farauti s.l., was most commonly detected in the Wallaby Beach, Buffalo Creek and Rear Jasper trap sites. These trap sites are in close proximity to residential areas in Nhulunbuy and Gove, with subsequent risks of local malaria transmission if imported malaria cases occur in the towns, especially during this species’ peak abundance period from March to June.
6.3.4 Larval survey and control program ALPC carries out larval surveys in liaison with ME. High tides (>2.9-3.0 m) or appreciable rainfall (in excess of 25 mm in 24 hrs) determine the need for larval surveys. Breeding sites are inspected about 2-3 days after rain or high tide events. Larval surveys are limited to areas accessible during the wet season. Some parts of the Western mudflats become inaccessible during the wet season and the Nhulunbuy Lagoon and the SPL270 are only accessible from the edges. Larval control with B.t.i is therefore limited to the areas that can be controlled by all - terrain vehicle spray equipment.
6.3.4.1 Larval control Larval control is carried out by ALPC usually using B.t.i liquid with spray equipment. All - terrain vehicles are used to enable more effective larval control operations, particularly at large sites where control is difficult.
Page 35 S-methoprene briquettes are periodically used for larval control at Crocodile Creek, Buffalo Creek, SPL270, the Western Mudflats and around the margins of Nhulunbuy Lagoon and the top of Freshwater Creek.
Although larval survey and control operations target known Ae. vigilax breeding sites, it is possible that some breeding sites remain undetected. Some areas around the Gove Peninsular can be inaccessible during the wet season, thus hindering larval surveys and control operations at these sites.
The Nhulunbuy Corporation also organises herbicide of Typha reeds in the Nhulunbuy Lagoon, which contributes to the reduction of mosquito breeding habitats for Cx. annulirostris, Ma. uniformis and Cq. xanthogaster.
6.3.5 Vector & Disease case data 6.3.5.1 Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus disease In 2014/15, 16 cases of RRV disease (Table 7) and no cases of BFV disease were recorded in the East Arnhem region (Table 8), with 9 RRV disease cases recorded in Nhulunbuy.
6.3.5.2 Murray Valley encephalitis virus surveillance The NT sentinel chicken program is designed to detect flavivirus activity, such as MVEV and KUNV, as well as exotic flaviviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus.
In the 2014/15 season, the sentinel chickens in Nhulunbuy were bled on five occasions between December 2014 and June 2015, with a total of 50 chickens bled. No chickens seroconverted to MVE or KUN (Table 13). Generally, MVEV and KUNV activity in Nhulunbuy is relatively low, with most seroconversions occurring in the period February – June (Table 14). There has only been one recorded case of MVEV disease in the East Arnhem region over the last 30 years, which was in 1981 on Groote Eylandt (Table 11).
6.3.6 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control • An ongoing dry season drain maintenance program is required to ensure the free flow of water in the Nhulunbuy drains, to prevent mosquito breeding and to reduce the risk of mosquito borne disease. In particular, the drains around the Nhulunbuy Lagoon, Nhulunbuy Golf Course and Contractors Village need ongoing maintenance. This should include weediciding to remove vegetation, filling of depressions to prevent pooling, re-engineering where the inverts are at the incorrect level, lining certain areas with rock baskets or concrete, and maintaining the batter to improve water flow and reduce erosion. It is recommended that this program be carried out by Nhulunbuy Corporation in liaison with ME and ALPC, with guidance on the most effective methods of preventing mosquito breeding in town drains.
Page 36 • ME recommends ongoing maintenance of all fogging tracks during the dry season. These tracks are subject to damage and erosion during the wet season, and if not regularly maintained, can restrict vehicular access, and therefore the overall effectiveness of adult control operations.
• ME recommends regular exotic vector surveys in Nhulunbuy town, due to Nhulunbuy being an international port, increasing the risk of exotic mosquito importation.
• Regular reviews and assessments of larval control operations are needed to ensure that all Ae. vigilax control operations are being carried out in all areas within the three to four days after tides or rain events. The strategy of s- methoprene pellets or briquettes use offers greater flexibility and greater certainty in controlling unpredicted hatches of Ae. vigilax.
6.4 Katherine
6.4.1 Mosquito species recorded in Katherine Sixteen mosquito species were collected in Katherine in 2014/15 (Table 24). The most important species collected are shown in Tables 25 and 26.
6.4.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 6.4.2.1 Monitoring program There were four adult mosquito monitoring sites in Katherine in 2014/15. Three of these sites, the Brigalow Farm (Dairy Dam), Meatworks and the Sewage Ponds are routine trap sites, while the trap at O’Keefe House is set to monitor receptacle breeding mosquitoes (Fig. 7).
In 2014/15, adult mosquito trapping was only carried out on six occasions between November 2014 and March 2015, due to the absence of DoH EHOs in Katherine during most of this time. In May 2015, a new funding arrangement between EH and the Katherine Town Council was put in place, with the Council now carrying out mosquito surveillance in the town, in liaison with ME.
Adult mosquitoes are sent to ME in Darwin for identification. The results are forwarded to the EHOs in Katherine, who then coordinate mosquito control with the local Katherine Council or other landholders if required.
Page 37 6.4.2.2 Adult mosquito numbers
In 2014/15, the limited number of adult mosquito CO2 baited EVS traps set showed relatively low numbers (Table 25). However, trapping was not undertaken consistently enough to allow an assessment of mosquito numbers across the year.
6.4.2.3 Seasonal occurrence and trapping sites In 2014/15, a total of 969mm of rain was recorded in Katherine, with most of the rain occurring in December (319mm) and January (274mm) (data obtained from Bureau of Meteorology). This was a typical wet season for Katherine.
In 2014/15 the Meatworks trap was the most prolific trapping site with 39% of the total catch, followed by the O’Keefe Residence with 26% (Table 25).
6.4.3 Larval Mosquito Monitoring and Control Program 6.4.3.1 Larval monitoring program ME visited Katherine in November 2014 and April and May 2015. Known mosquito breeding sites were inspected during the visits. Although no larvae were found, several drains, which have been previously identified as mosquito breeding sites, remain a concern due to vegetation growth, especially in Katherine East. The water bodies at Katherine Country Club have been re-landscaped and are now unlikely to breed mosquitoes.
For further details see the Katherine Mosquito Survey report 2015 (Table 41).
6.4.4 Vector & Disease case data 6.4.4.1 Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus disease RRV disease cases in Katherine coincide with high rainfall and the start of the increase in Cx. annulirostris numbers (Figs 15 and 16). November through to March is the highest risk period for RRV disease. There were 28 RRV disease cases reported in the Katherine region in 2014/15, which is close to the long term average (Table 9). Although cases occurred in most months, the highest numbers were reported in February and March with 7 cases reported respectively (Table 7). A total of 14 cases were reported in Katherine town (Fig. 15).
No BFV disease cases were reported in the Katherine region in 2014/15 (Tables 8 and 10).
6.4.4.2 Murray Valley encephalitis virus surveillance Sentinel chicken flocks are used as an early warning system for the potential risk of MVEV disease. The sentinel chicken data for 2014/15 are summarized in Tables 13 - 15. In 2014/15, the Katherine sentinel chickens were bled six times between January 2014
Page 38 and June 2015, with a total of 54 chickens bled. There were no seroconversions to MVEV or KUNV (Table 13).
One MVEV disease case was reported in Ngukurr in the Katherine region in May 2015 (Table 11).
6.4.5 Visits and surveys by ME In 2014/15, ME staff visited Katherine on three occasions. The aim of the first visit in November 2014, was to provide training to a DoH employee in adult mosquito and exotic mosquito surveillance. ME visited Katherine again in April 2015 to undertaken comprehensive exotic mosquito surveillance and to inspect known wet season mosquito breeding sites. Details of the survey are provided in the Katherine Mosquito Survey Report 2015 (Table 41). During the third visit in May 2015 an agreement between EH and the Katherine Town Council was formalised, for Council staff to undertake routine mosquito surveillance in Katherine town, with training provided by ME.
6.4.6 Engineering measures In October 2011, ME recommended engineering measures to be carried out in some of the Katherine storm water drains to prevent mosquito breeding. The Department of Infrastructure advised that re-contouring of the drains was an issue due to drain levels, and advised that the department is currently investigating long term maintenance strategies for all Katherine drains under their responsibility. The surveys carried out in 2013/14 and 2014/15 again identified drains in need of maintenance including drains at De Julia Court, Ronan Court and Martin Crescent. In addition, the vacant Lot 3139 on Riverbank Drive has been identified as a major mosquito breeding site during the wet season. The site requires rectification or regular larvicide application by the relevant authority to prevent mosquito breeding.
6.4.7 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control • An ongoing drain maintenance program is required to ensure the free flow of water in the Katherine storm water drains, to prevent mosquito breeding and to reduce the risk of mosquito borne disease. The major drains under the Katherine Town Council responsibility that need to be included in the program are the Third Street, Acacia and the new subdivision drains. Drains under the Department of Lands Planning responsibility to be included are the Lockheed, De Julia Court, Ronan Court and Martin Crescent drains.
• Areas of residual pooling in drains which are not able to be re-contoured should be treated with a residual larvicide to prevent mosquito emergence. Four application of long acting 150 day (s)-methoprene briquettes per year will inhibit mosquito emergence. The vacant Lot 3139 on Riverbank Drive, which is located adjacent to a primary School and residential area, requires rectification to prevent mosquito breeding, or regular treatment with a residual larvicide during the wet season by the relevant authority.
Page 39 6.5 Tennant Creek
6.5.1 Mosquito species recorded in Tennant Creek In 2014/15, 15 mosquito species were recorded in Tennant Creek (Table 28).The most important species are shown in Tables 29 and 30.
An adult specimen, tentatively identified as Cx. (Lop) kuhnsi by the Medical Entomology unit at Westmead Hospital, was collected for the first time in a CO2 baited BG trap in Tennant Creek. This is the first record of this species in the NT and requires confirmation.
Aedes aegypti was found in an ovitrap sample from Tennant Creek in November 2011. The subsequent DoH elimination program which concluded at the end of April 2014 was successful, and the NT is once again free of established populations of this species. This was the second successful Ae. aegypti elimination program in Tennant Creek. At the conclusion of the project in April 2014 it was decided that the majority of the adult mosquito trapping for both routine surveillance of exotic and endemic species in Tennant Creek would be done using BG traps. The routine trap at the sewage ponds is to remain an EVS trap so that collection data can be directly compared to previous years’ data.
D-sized 6kg capacity CO2 gas cylinders are used for both trap types as the CO2 source. Two roving BG traps are scheduled to be placed in ad hoc locations about residential areas of Tennant Creek on a fortnightly basis and take the place of both EVS adult traps and ovitraps in the town residential area. The move to using roving BG traps increases the sensitivity of the trapping program to detect exotic Aedes species and effectively decreases the amount of time that the EHO in Tennant Creek spent on surveillance trapping compared to previous years.
6.5.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 6.5.2.1 Monitoring program Historically, routine adult mosquito monitoring in Tennant Creek was usually conducted during the wet season, at three routine sites. During the Ae. aegypti elimination program from early 2012 to April 2014, year round trapping was carried out. At the conclusion of the Ae. aegypti elimination program, the responsibility for conducting regular routine monitoring returned to the local EHO in Tennant Creek. Unfortunately the EHO resigned in November 2014 and could not be replaced by a full-time local EHO until July 2015. Thus, adult mosquito trapping activities were not regularly carried out in Tennant Creek during 2014/15 (only 25 CO2 baited BG traps and 5 EVS traps were set). Due to the low number of traps and the timing of the trapping during the year the collected data is not sufficient for a meaningful analysis of collected species and their abundance. No exotic species were collected in any surveillance traps. Results for the trapping at the sewage ponds are shown in Tables 29 and 31.
Rainfall during 2014/15 (483.6) was fairly close to the long term average of 466.1mm. Most of the rainfall occurred in December (119.2mm) and January (316.9) (Bureau of Meteorology).
Page 40 6.5.3 Larval Mosquito Monitoring Program In Tennant Creek, routine larval survey and control activities are carried out by the local EHO after appreciable rainfall. Following the conclusion of the Ae. aegypti elimination program in April 2014, no routine larval surveys were carried out in 2014/15.
6.5.4 Vector & Disease case data 6.5.4.1 Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus disease RRV disease cases in Tennant Creek are usually associated with high summer rainfall (November to March) due to the higher number of Cx. annulirostris. In 2014/15 there were three RRV cases and one BFV case recorded in the Barkly region (Tables 7 - 10). No RRV or BFV disease cases were recorded in Tennant Creek.
6.5.4.2 Murray Valley encephalitis virus surveillance Sentinel chicken flocks are used as an early warning system for the potential risk of MVEV disease. The sentinel chicken data for 2014/15 are summarised in Tables 13 - 15. The risk period for MVEV disease in Tennant Creek is from February to May, with a correlation with the highest rainfall and the highest Cx. annulirostris numbers. The chickens were bled on four occasions between February and June 2015, with a total of 45 chickens bled. A total of four chickens seroconverted to KUNV in February and May, with three chickens testing positive to MVEV in early May (Table 13). However, as no chickens were bled in March or April, the May seroconversions could have occurred prior to May. One MVEV disease case was reported in Tennant Creek in February 2015 (Table 11). A MVE media warning for Central Australia was issued in January following extensive rainfall in the area.
6.5.5 Visits or surveys by ME An exotic larval survey was conducted by ME officers from 19/01/15 to 23/01/15 in Tennant Creek. The main focus of the survey was to check for the presence of exotic receptacle breeding mosquitoes. Fifty-two residential and commercial properties were surveyed. Receptacle breeding mosquitoes were found at 40 properties and of these properties 21 had multiple breeding sites. The most common mosquito species sampled was Cx. quinquefasciatus (39 properties) while Ae. tremulus was sampled on four properties. These findings indicate that if Ae. aegypti was again reintroduced to Tennant Creek that there are abundant potential breeding sites throughout the residential area of the town for it to establish and spread. No exotic mosquitoes were found during the survey.
6.5.6 Engineering measures In 2014/15, the Department of Infrastructure carried out drain maintenance works in the main Tennant Creek storm water drains (East drain).
Page 41 6.5.7 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control • An ongoing storm water drain maintenance program is required in Tennant Creek (by DLP and the Barkly Shire Council) to reduce mosquito breeding and mosquito borne disease. Drain maintenance should be carried out before each wet season to ensure adequate water flow.
• Ongoing sewage ponds maintenance, including weediciding, is required at the Tennant Creek Sewage Treatment Plant to prevent mosquito breeding. Weediciding should be carried out on an annual basis before each wet season. If mosquito breeding occurs in the evaporation ponds, the ponds should be treated with s-methoprene pellets or briquettes.
6.6 Alice Springs
6.6.1 Mosquito species recorded in Alice Springs A total of 18 mosquito species were recorded in Alice Springs in 2014/15 (Table 32). The most important species are shown in Tables 33 and 34.
In the past, Cx. globocoxitus was collected in relatively high numbers in Ilparpa Swamp. This species is endemic to Central Australia and known to breed in open swamps, tolerating water high in organic matter. However, this species was last collected in Ilparpa Swamp in 2010, most likely due to the drainage of the swamp in 2001.
6.6.2 Adult Mosquito Monitoring Program 6.6.2.1 Monitoring program There are six regular weekly adult mosquito monitoring sites located in Alice Springs, with CO2 baited EVS traps set and collected by an Alice Springs EHO (Fig. 9). ME carries out the identifications and forwards the results and advice to the EHO who then coordinates mosquito control.
6.6.2.2 Adult mosquito numbers The average number of female adult mosquitoes per trap night (10.52) collected in all routine adult mosquito monitoring traps in 2014/15 remained low (Table 33).
The most commonly caught species during 2014/15 in all monitoring traps was Cx. annulirostris comprising 47.05 % of the total mosquitoes trapped, followed by An. amictus with 24.16% (Table 33).
6.6.2.3 Seasonal occurrence The total rainfall (277mm) for Alice Springs in 2014/15 was near the mean annual rainfall (282mm), but significantly higher than the median (123mm, data obtained from Bureau of Meteorology) (Fig. 15). Rainfall in Alice Springs varies significantly between years, with
Page 42 heavy rain usually occurring when tropical depressions bring heavy summer rain from the north-west. This occurred in January 2015, when 195mm of rain was recorded.
6.6.2.4 Trapping sites In 2014/15, Greatorex Road was the most prolific collection site, with 28.62% of the total catch, followed by Ilparpa Swamp A (24.48%) (Table 33).
In 2014/15 Cx. quinquefasciatus were again detected in the Bloomfield Street trap (Table 33). Elevated numbers of this species in the Bloomfield Street trap have been observed in previous years. Numbers of this species are generally underestimated by adult CO2 baited EVS trap, and the numbers observed suggest a pest problem nearby. The breeding source, a collapsed section of a stormwater drain pipe, was located by ME during a storm water drain inspection in September 2006, and recommendations for rectification were made on numerous occasions. The drain section remains unrectified.
6.6.3 Larval Mosquito Monitoring Program 6.6.3.1 Monitoring program A comprehensive survey of the storm water drains was undertaken by Alice Springs EHOs in October 2014, focusing on drains previously assessed to require maintenance in 2009, including Bloomfield Street, Bradshaw Terrace, Brown Street, Railway, Barrett Drive, Leichardt Terrace, Araluen Park and Patterson Street drains. These sites were still in need of maintenance, and in many cases found to be breeding mosquitoes. Culex quinquefasciatus was found breeding in the Bloomfield Street, Leichhardt Street, Dixon Street, Brown Street, Patterson Street, Nardoo Court, Smith Street and Araluen Park drains. Anopheles annulipes was also found breeding at several sites.
6.6.3.2 Breeding sites No regular mosquito larval control is carried out in the Ilparpa Swamp due to the size (approximately 130 ha) and inaccessibility of the swamp, and the lack of local aerial control equipment. When adult vector mosquito numbers exceed indicator thresholds in the routine adult mosquito monitoring traps, adult fogging operations are conducted around the swamp margins using ULV equipment mounted on a vehicle. It is recognised that this method of control is not very effective, due to the wide extent of the swamp and the dense vegetation. However, it can have an effect on average longevity of vectors, which may tip the balance to reduce vector borne disease transmission.
Mosquito breeding in Ilparpa Swamp can also be reduced through controlled effluent release from the sewage ponds into the swamp. The timing and location of effluent release is crucial to reduce the availability of potential breeding habitat. ME recommends effluent release into the swamp A area (eastern end) through the EP10 scour outlet (outfall 2), as this greatly reduces the swamp area available for mosquito breeding. In an emergency, effluent might also be released into the swamp B area (western end). To allow summer rain and related effluent flows to be retained in the ponds, effluent discharge should occur during autumn and winter (between May and August) and early to mid-spring. Effluent should not be released after the end of October, to allow the swamp to dry up before summer rain and higher temperatures occur, promoting Cx.
Page 43 annulirostris breeding. If effluent is released in summer, it should be pulse released, with a few days release followed by a spell of enough days to let all or most of the released water evaporate, infiltrate or drain via the Ilparpa outlet drain.
A drainage system installed in 2002, together with improved treated effluent discharge management at the adjacent sewerage ponds, has led to reduced Cx. annulirostris breeding in the swamp. However, very large rainfall and subsequent treated effluent releases can still cause extensive flooding.
Aerial control of Ilparpa Swamp was required in 2010 to prevent mosquito breeding and thus the risk of a MVEV disease outbreak. In January 2015, aerial control was again required, when heavy rains caused flooding. The operations were jointly funded by PWC and DLPE, with a total of 33 ha of mosquito breeding treated in January 2015. Following the operation, mosquito numbers remained low and no MVEV disease cases were reported in Alice Springs.
6.6.4 Vector & Disease case data 6.6.4.1 Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus disease High summer rainfall (Dec – Feb) is likely to result in localised flooding and pooling that creates breeding sites for Cx. annulirostris, the main vector for RRV disease in Alice Springs. Following the heavy rainfall in January 2015, vector numbers remained relatively low, peaking at 178 in Ilparpa Swamp on 4 February 2015. This was a result of the aerial insecticide treatment as well as the relatively rapid drying of the swamp.
In 2014/15, a total of 16 RRV disease cases were reported in the Alice Springs region (Tables 7 and 9), the same number as in 2013/14 and near to the long term average. Fourteen of the cases were reported in Alice Springs town.
No BFV disease cases were reported in the Alice Springs region.
6.6.4.2 Murray Valley encephalitis virus surveillance The highest risk period for mosquito borne disease in the Alice Springs region is between January and May when Cx. annulirostris numbers are highest due to high summer rainfall (Fig. 16). MVEV seroconversions of sentinel chicken flocks occur in Alice Springs primarily between February and June (Table 14). However, since the Ilparpa Swamp was drained in 2001 there has been very little MVEV activity detected around Alice Springs. In 2014/15, the sentinel chickens were bled nine times between January and June, with additional testing carried out in July 2015. In total, 108 chickens were tested, with no seroconverted to MVEV or KUNV (Table 13). No MVEV or KUNV disease cases were reported in the Alice Springs region in 2014/15.
Page 44 6.6.5 Visits or surveys by ME The ME Director and Operations Manager visited Alice Springs in January 2015 to undertake aerial control in Ilparpa Swamp in response to significant rainfall (see section 6.6.3.2).
6.6.6 Engineering measures No engineering measures were carried out in Alice Springs in 2014/15.
6.6.7 Suggestions for improved vector surveillance and control • Many Alice Springs storm water drains are in poor condition. To prevent mosquito breeding in those drains, an ongoing drain maintenance program as outlined in the draft Alice Springs mosquito management plan is required, with silt or vegetation removal or rectification to be carried out before each summer. Re- construction is also still required for some of the drains, as per advice provided to relevant authorities in 2009. • Drains which are breeding mosquitoes should be treated with (s)-methoprene briquettes until engineering works can be implemented. • The Ilparpa Swamp outlet drain maintenance responsibility issue needs to be resolved as part of the Alice Springs mosquito management plan in liaison with DLP and PWC in order to keep the drain functional to reduce mosquito breeding in Ilparpa Swamp. The main outlet drain to St. Mary’s Creek needs to be weedicided or have silt removed on an annual basis before the summer months to improve free flow.
7 MOSQUITO BORNE DISEASE CASE DATA IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY
7.1 Ross River virus disease Ross River virus (RRV) disease is the most common arbovirus (arthropod borne) disease in the Northern Territory (NT). The virus belongs to the alphavirus family. The major vectors for RRV in the coastal areas of the Top End are Aedes vigilax and Culex annulirostris, with Cx. annulirostris and Ae. normanensis the probable main vectors in sub-coastal and inland areas. Aedes normanensis commonly occurs sub-coastally south of Darwin to around the Tennant Creek area. It has previously been collected in Alice Springs but is relatively uncommon south of Tennant Creek.
The isolation of RRV from the domestic receptacle breeding mosquito Ae. notoscriptus was first documented in the NT and later in Queensland and New South Wales (Russell 2002). Information on its vector competence indicates that this species may play a minor part as an urban vector of RRV, with this occurring in situations where Ae. notoscriptus numbers are relatively high and RRV disease cases are present.
Page 45 In 2014/15, there were 377 laboratory identified RRV cases in the NT (Table 9). Although the number was lower compared to 2013/14, it was still the 4th highest since recording began in 1990/91 (Table 9). Most (314) cases were recorded in the Darwin region (Table 9). Cases occurred throughout the year, peaking between January and March (Table 7). The high number of cases between January and March were most likely due to the high number of Cx. annulirostris in these months.
Case numbers reported in the Katherine region (28), Alice Springs region (16), the Barkly region (3) and the East Arnhem region (16) were similar to previous years (Table 9).
In the Darwin region there were 131 cases reported in urban Darwin, 59 in Palmerston and 92 in rural Darwin (Litchfield Shire). This represents an attack rate (cases per 100,000 population) of 157 in Darwin urban (population: 83020), 173 in Palmerston (population: 34033) and 415 in rural Darwin (population: 22123). Population figures are based on preliminary Australian Bureau of Statistic estimates for 30 June 2014. This case distribution pattern within the Darwin region is very similar to previous years.
The high attack rate in the Darwin rural area is due to the large number of lagoons, swamps and wetlands near residences, producing high numbers of vector mosquitoes during the high risk period for RRV.
7.2 Barmah Forest virus disease Barmah Forest virus (BFV) disease is the second most common arbovirus disease in the NT. The symptoms of this disease are similar to RRV disease but are milder and of shorter duration. The isolation of BFV from Ae. vigilax, Cx. annulirostris and Ae. normanensis in the NT indicates that these species are the probable vectors in the NT. The isolation of BFV from Ae. vigilax in Gove in the NT during the first recorded outbreak of BFV disease indicates that this species is probably the principal vector in coastal areas of the NT. The recent vector competence work on Ae. notoscriptus indicates that this species may also be involved as an urban vector of BFV disease under certain circumstances. Interstate, Verrallina funerea has also been implicated as a possible vector, and this species is common in certain local coastal areas in the NT during the wet season.
In 2014/15, 28 cases of BFV disease cases were reported in the NT. A single case was recorded from the Barkley region, while all other cases were recorded from the Darwin region (Table 8). Case numbers were back to normal levels following the removal of a commercial test kit in November 2013, responsible for the high number of false positive cases in 2012/13 (Table 10).
7.3 Murray Valley encephalitis virus disease Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) disease is a potentially fatal disease caused by infection with the flavivirus MVEV. The vector of MVEV in the NT is thought to be primarily Cx. annulirostris, with Cx. palpalis possibly involved near large coastal swamp areas associated with the larger rivers.
Page 46 Two cases of MVEV disease were recorded in 2014/15 (Table 11). The first case occurred in the Barkley region in February in a 11 week old baby. The second case occurred in an 8 year old child in the Katherine region in May 2015. In both instances the patients suffered from ongoing neurological sequelae.
Four MVE media warnings were issued in 2015. The first warning was issued on 14th January for Central Australia, triggered by the heavy rainfall the region received. The second warning was issued for the Darwin and East Arnhem regions on 27th March following the impact of Cyclone Nathan. The third warning was issued on 31st March for the whole of the NT, due to the increase MVEV disease risk posed by increased Easter holiday outdoor activities. A fourth media warning was issued on 11th May following the MVE case in the Katherine region.
7.4 Kunjin virus disease Kunjin virus (KUNV) is another member of the flavivirus family. Human cases and seroconversions in sentinel chickens occur periodically throughout mainland Australia and are commonly recorded in the NT and the north west of Western Australia. KUNV causes an illness characterised by fever and severe headache and usually has much less severe symptoms than MVEV disease, with encephalitis a rare occurrence. The vector for KUNV in the NT is thought to be primarily Cx. annulirostris.
No KUNV disease cases were recorded in the NT in 2014/15 (Table 11).
Two media warning specifically for the risk of KUNV were issued in 2015. The first was issued on 23rd February for the Top End, based on sentinel chicken seroconversions to KUNV. The second warning was issued on 16th June, again for the Top End, following further seroconversions to KUNV in sentinel chickens.
8 ARBOVIRUS SURVEILLANCE AND RESEARCH
8.1 Sentinel Chicken Program The sentinel chicken program in the Northern Territory (NT) is part of a national program involving the NT, Western Australia, New South Wales and Victoria and is designed to detect flavivirus activity (including the endemic arboviruses Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) and Kunjin virus (KUNV), as well as exotic arboviruses such as Japanese encephalitis (Broome et al. 2001)). The current NT program commenced in January 1992 and replaced an earlier program run by Commonwealth Quarantine. Sentinel chicken flocks in the NT are maintained, bled and analysed for flavivirus in a combined program between the NT Department of Health, the virology laboratories of the Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries (DPIF) and volunteers.
Sentinel chicken flocks are located at Leanyer (Darwin), Howard Springs, Coastal Plains Research Station (CPRS), Katherine, Nathan River, Nhulunbuy, Tennant Creek and
Page 47 Alice Springs (Fig. 21). DPIF officers or volunteers usually bleed flocks once a month and the samples are tested for MVEV and KUNV. When chickens from a flock show new antibodies to MVEV or KUNV during a prime risk period, a media warning is issued. These warnings advise residents of the need to take added precautions to avoid mosquito bites.
Chickens are replaced if birds die or a large proportion of a flock seroconverts. They are well positioned to detect flavivirus activity near the principal towns of the NT and hence provide an indication of risk to people in those towns. In February 2012, the NT sentinel chicken program was revised, with chickens now being bled during the highest MVE risk period between December and June inclusive.
In 2015, three chickens in Tennant Creek tested positive to MVEV antibodies in May (Table 13). However, seroconversions could have occurred between 26th February and May, when the chickens were last tested.
Seroconversions to KUNV were recorded at three sites, in Tennant Creek in February, CPRS in April or early May and Nhulunbuy between early April and mid -June.
9 MALARIA SURVEILLANCE
9.1 Case data People affected by malaria in the Northern Territory (NT) are likely to report to medical practitioners, thereby facilitating rapid detection, treatment and reporting of the case, and allowing for timely entomological investigations. A delay in the detection of a case can delay the epidemiological and entomological investigations which are used to determine if further action is required. If action is delayed, the likelihood of the parasite developing sexual stages in the blood of the patient, which can then be transmitted to local vector Anopheles mosquitoes, is increased.
The number of malaria cases imported into the NT each year is variable and is related to the volume, travel destinations, time of year and the malaria situation in the various countries visited by travellers. The area north of the 19° parallel (just north of Tennant Creek) is regarded as the area receptive to malaria reintroduction in the NT, but transmission can occur throughout the whole of the Territory during summer.
There were 10 cases of imported malaria in the NT in 2014/15 reported to CDC, which was less compared to last year (17). Eight of the cases were recorded in the Darwin region, one in the East Arnhem region and one in the Katherine region (Table 38). Five malaria cases originated from Africa, three from PNG, one from West Papua and one from India. Entomological investigations were carried out in relation to 2 of the malaria cases, and fogging was carried out for the Nhulunbuy region case in August 2014.
Page 48 The main parasite detected in imported malaria cases in the NT was Plasmodium vivax, accounting for 5 cases, with P. falciparum and P. malariae accounting for three cases and two cases respectively (Table 38).
10 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTIGATIONS AND COMMENTS
10.1 Development comments Routine planning and development responses have been devolved from the central Environmental Health Directorate to regional Environmental Health Offices. Each region is responsible for a coordinated NT Department of Health (DoH) response to the Department of Lands, Planning and Environment (DLPE) for planning developments in that region. Each region submits planning proposals to Medical Entomology (ME) for comment when there are potential biting insect problems, or for the larger urban and rural residential developments. The urban and rural residential development planning process in Darwin usually requires a ME officer to evaluate or approve certain aspects such as drainage construction before title to the land is issued.
For larger projects such as Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) and Preliminary Environmental Reports, where specific advice on biting insects is sought at an early planning stage (Notice of Intent), ME continues to liaise with the Environmental Protection Agency or the proponent.
Routine planning applications for the Darwin region in 2014/15 generally covered the Darwin urban, Palmerston and Darwin rural districts. Major projects requiring ME input included the ongoing development of the new suburb of Zuccoli in Palmerston, the Muirhead development in the Darwin northern suburbs, and the new suburb of Holtze in Palmerston. These projects have required continuing ME input in the Environmental Assessment and Biting Insect Management Plan phases of the developments. Preliminary development advice was also provided for Muirhead North and 2CRU, a proposed new urban residential area on both sides of Lee Point Road to the north of Lyons and Muirhead.
10.2 Development investigations
10.2.1 Knuckey Lagoons Medical Entomology carried out a 12 month baseline biting insect assessment at Knuckey Lagoons between February 2014 and January 2015. Adult biting insect traps were set at various locations around the area on a monthly basis. Larval mosquito surveys were also carried out during the early and mid - wet season and, early and mid- dry season. A report was prepared for DLPE, but has not yet been formally endorsed by either DLPE or DoH.
Page 49 10.2.2 Holtze A 12 month baseline biting insect assessment commenced in the proposed new Palmerston suburb of Holtze in March 2014. Adult biting insect traps were set at various locations around the area on a monthly basis from March 2014 to February 2015. A report was prepared for DLPE.
11 MOSQUITO AWARENESS AND TRAINING
11.1 Mosquito awareness campaign A mosquito awareness campaign was conducted this year, included self-protection and mosquito borne disease awareness through newspapers, TV and radio interviews.
Various interviews were given during periods of high mosquito numbers or potential disease risks across the Northern Territory. In 2014/15, the NT Department of Health issued a total of 18 biting insect related press releases, including warnings for Murray Valley encephalitis virus, Kunjin virus, Ross River virus, high numbers of pest mosquitoes and biting midges, and dengue mosquito related activities in Tennant Creek.
11.2 Medical Entomology training In 2014/15, Medical Entomology staff attended training courses including a First Aid, Manual Handling and mosquito management course, as well as a number of courses covering Health Department policies and processes.
12 PUBLIC ENQUIRIES
A total of 73 public enquiries were recorded in 2014/15, with the majority of enquiries coming from the media (23), the general public (20), business (16) and government (12). The majority of public enquiries were regarding mosquitoes (36) of which 12 were complaints about high mosquito numbers. Other enquires included planning issues (7), and biting midges (6).
13 COMMITTEES AND ADVISORY GROUPS
13.1 National Arbovirus And Malaria Advisory Committee The National Arbovirus Advisory Committee (NAAC) was formed in September 2000 after the National Public Health Partnership (NPHP) formally agreed to form a technical advisory group to report to the NPHP through the Communicable Disease Network of Australia (CDNA). This decision was in part a result of pressure from the Chief Health Officer (CHO) of the NT. In 2003, the NAAC was renamed the National Arbovirus and Malaria Advisory Committee (NAMAC) to reflect and include aspects of malaria surveillance in Australia.
Page 50 A number of NAMAC telephone conferences were held in 2014/15, and a face to face meeting in April 2015. The main topics discussed were the Ae. albopictus project in the Torres Strait, the dengue SoNG (Series of National Guidelines) framework, exotic vector incursions at international airports, exotic vector risk assessment at international ports, aircraft disinsection procedures, tick removal guidelines, Department of Agriculture treatment trial of oversize tyres and Barmah Forest and Ross River virus diagnosis and notification practices.
In addition, a NAMAC working group was established to prepare a framework for exotic mosquito incursion responses at international ports in Australia.
The NAMAC makes recommendations to CDNA on surveillance models for arboviruses. It will also make recommendations on a Memorandum of Understanding between States, Territories and the Commonwealth, detailing co-operation in relation to arbovirus matters, including surveillance and control of exotic vectors, information dissemination and arbovirus disease response plans, as well as recommendations towards strategic approaches for arbovirus disease management and control. The NAMAC website is: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-arboanrep.htm
13.2 The Northern Territory Zoonosis Committee The Northern Territory (NT) Zoonosis Committee was formed in 1996 to establish the lines of communication between NT Department of Health (DoH) and relevant sections of other departments for the efficient management of zoonosis in the NT.
The role of the NT Zoonosis Committee is to maintain a forum for discussion and exchange of information about zoonotic diseases, and to help inform biosecurity policy development with respect to zoonotic diseases by maintaining a network of stakeholders and opinion leaders. In addition, it is the committee’s role to provide expert technical advice to the NT Government on public health risks caused by diseases of animals and environmental pathogens.
In 2014/15, the NT Zoonosis Committee discussed several topics, including bat lyssavirus, Ebola, Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome, H7N9 avian influenza, sporotrichosis, hepatitis E, the NT Biosecurity strategy and screw worm fly surveillance in Australia.
14 PUBLICATIONS AND PAPERS
In 2014/15, Medical Entomology (ME) produced four scientific publications on the incursion of Aedes albopictus in Darwin port areas, Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) detection using honeybaits in the Northern Territory, MVEV and Kunjin virus activity in Western Australia and the NT and the Ross River virus season in Darwin (Table 41).
ME also produced seven scientific reports, including four biting insect baseline assessment reports (Table 41).
Page 51 A presentation on NT mosquito surveillance in 2013/14 was given at the Centre for Disease Control conference in Darwin in September 2014, with a further presentation on arbovirus and vector surveillance in the NT in 2012/13 and 2013/14 given at the Mosquito Control Association of Australia conference in September 2014. A presentation on the elimination of Aedes aegypti in Tennant Creek was given at both conferences.
15 REFERENCE COLLECTIONS
Cataloguing and improving the medically important arthropods reference collections has continued this year. The reference collection is continually added to from each locality visited or as relevant specimens become available from the monitoring programs. The majority of the collection consists of mosquitoes and biting midges, but also includes other insects and arthropods of medical importance. This reference collection is a very valuable resource and is the definitive collection of mosquitoes from the Northern Territory.
16 DATA MANAGEMENT
16.1 Medical Entomology Data Collection System A major overhaul of the Medical Entomology (ME) database commenced in March 2015 and was completed in September 2015. The backend of the database was migrated from an Access file server to a Department of Health managed SQL Server environment. This new platform is more secure and better supported than the previous arrangement. Many long standing issues were resolved and some minor enhancements implemented as part of this process. This database stores all insect specimen records and allows data to be retrieved and collated for trend analysis and report writing.
ME also utilises an Access database for data management such as public enquiries, and for publication and report management, as well as to manage its electronic alpha and handout filing systems.
16.2 Geographic Information Systems Medical Entomology (ME) has a Geographical Information System (GIS) for ME mosquito monitoring, survey and control programs. This system has been developed to aid recording, reporting and performing spatial analysis for mosquito breeding issues in the Northern Territory. It has continuously been applied to the Leanyer, Holmes Jungle, Micket Creek and Shoal Bay Swamp mosquito helicopter surveys and baseline biting insect investigations. It has also been used to record all known major potential mosquito breeding sites in Darwin Urban for the ground survey and control program. The system allows outputs in the form of maps of areas and the results of larval surveys.
Page 52 17 STAFF MATTERS
Alex Roberts commenced in the Operations Manager position in July 2014. Juliana Chan joined the team in September to November 2014 to assist with administration tasks. Gemma Farmer resigned from the Administration Officer position in October 2014, and Storm Barrett commenced in her role in November 2014. Prior to this Storm had been working as a Technical Officer on a contract. Jazmin Srakaew-Stephneson was employed for four months in a Technical level 1 position, commencing in December 2014.
Medical Entomology (ME) is a small but highly productive team, making a large and measurable contribution to the health and well-being of the people of the Northern Territory. ME, together with other members of the NT Department of Health, other individuals, other government and local government departments, and other organisations who have assisted in the mosquito monitoring and control program, have once again made a significant contribution in preventing mosquito pest and disease problems in the NT.
Nina Kurucz Director - Medical Entomology February 2016
18 REFERENCES
Broom A, Whelan PI, Smith D, Lindsay M, Melville L, Bolisetty S, Wheaton G and Brown Alex (2001). An outbreak of Australian encephalitis in western Australia and central Australia (Northern Territory and South Australia) during the 2000 wet season. Arbovirus Research in Australia, Vol 8.
Meeraus WH, Armistead JS and Aria JR (2008). Field comparison of novel and gold standard traps for collecting Aedes albopictus in northern Virginia. J. AM Mos Control Assoc 24(2): 344-348.
Montgomery B and Love B (1995). Nhulunbuy and Wallaby Beach mosquito investigation 20 - 23 March 1995. Department of Health and Community Services, Branch Report.
Katherine and Mataranka mosquito survey report 12 to 14 February 2014. Medical Entomology, NT Department of Health.
Medical Entomology Annual Report 2005/06. Centre for Disease Control, NT Department of Health.
Page 53 Alice Springs Stormwater Drain Assessment Report 2009. Medical Entomology, NT Department of Health.
Russell RC (2002). Ross River virus: Ecology and distribution. Annual Review of Entomology 47, 1-31.
Van den Hurk A, Hall-Mendelin S, Townsend M, Kurucz N, Edwards J, Ehlers G, Rodwell C, Moore F, McMahon J, Northill J, Simmons R, Cortis G, Melville L, Whelan PI and Ritchie S (in prep). Applications of a sugar – base surveillance system to track arboviruses in wild mosquito populations. Vector – Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.
19 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The following are gratefully acknowledged for their valuable contributions and ready assistance over the last year:
DoH Centre for Disease Control; The Executive Director – Territory Wide Services; Medical Entomology staff; Menzies School of Health Research; DoH Environmental Health; DoH Transport; DoH Library; Nhulunbuy Corporation; Arnhem Land Pest Control; Department of Lands Planning and Environment; City of Darwin; City of Palmerston; Litchfield Council Environmental Protection Agency; Parks & Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory; Land Development Corporation; Darwin Port Corporation; Territoria Civil - Shoal Bay Dump; Sinclair Knight Merz (SKM); EcOz Australia Pty Ltd; Vista Gold; McArthur River Mine;
Page 54 Pacific Biologics; Australian Defence Force; Power and Water Authority; Commonwealth Department of Agriculture and Water Resources; GEMCO - Groote Eylandt; Jayrow Helicopters; University of Western Australia; University of Queensland; Queensland Health; Department of Health WA; Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries; Sentinel chicken volunteers; Garrards – Darwin; Toll Marine Logistics – Darwin; Toga Group Neville Jones Services Investa Urbex Pty Ltd Cardno ESS Larrakia Pty Ltd JKC Australia LNG Pty Ltd
Our apologies to anyone inadvertently omitted. If you have been inadvertently omitted could you please advise Nina Kurucz on (08) 89228333.
Page 55 Figures FIGURE 1: DARWIN ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITES AND SENTINEL CHICKEN LOCATIONS
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FIGURE 2: DARWIN URBAN OVITRAP MONITORING PROGRAM LOCATION OF OVITRAP AND SENTINEL CHICKEN SITES
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FIGURE 3: DARWIN RURAL OVITRAP MONITORING PROGRAM LOCATION OF OVITRAP AND SENTINEL CHICKEN SITES
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FIGURE 4: ALYANGULA ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITES AND OVITRAP LOCATIONS
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FIGURE 5: ANGURUGU ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITE AND OVITRAP LOCATIONS
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FIGURE 6: NHULUNBUY ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITES, OVITRAP AND SENTINEL CHICKEN LOCATIONS
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FIGURE 7: KATHERINE ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITES, OVITRAP AND SENTINEL CHICKEN LOCATIONS
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FIGURE 8: TENNANT CREEK ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITES AND SENTINEL CHICKEN LOCATION
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FIGURE 9: ALICE SPRINGS ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 TRAP SITES, OVITRAP AND SENTINEL CHICKEN LOCATIONS
F:\ENTO\ento_files\maps\Alice\Fig9_alice_allsites_1415.doc FIGURE 10: DoA DARWIN ADULT MOSQUITO MONITORING CO2 AND BG TRAP SITES
F:\ENTO\ento_files\maps\Darwin\Fig10_DoA_dwnadult_1415.doc FIGURE 11:
Aedes aegypti ovitrap surveillance program - Darwin City and Outer Darwin 2014/15 Total number of larvae at all thirty two trap sites; rainfall at Darwin airport
Total rainfall (mm) between date set and collected Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Mac) tremulus 1200 Ae. (Fin) kochi 300
1000 250
800 200
600 150
400 100 Rainfall (mm) Rainfall
200 50 Number of Number larvae in all traps
0 0 1-Jul-14 6-Oct-14 8-Sep-14 2-Dec-14 1-Jun-15 9-Apr-15 5-Nov-14 15-Jul-14 29-Jul-14 8-May-15 21-Oct-14 14-Jan-15 27-Jan-15 24-Sep-14 17-Dec-14 31-Dec-14 10-Feb-15 24-Feb-15 16-Jun-15 21-Apr-15 19-Nov-14 13-Aug-14 26-Aug-14 10-Mar-15 24-Mar-15 19-May-15
Collection date
F:\ento\ento-files\meb_programs\ovitraps\Darwin\Darwin_urban_data\dwn_urban_OVNO_1415\dwn_urban_sp_rain_CHT_1415 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 24/02/2016 FIGURE 12:
Aedes aegypti ovitrap surveillance program - Darwin Rural and Palmerston 2014/15 Total number of larvae at all twelve trap sites; rainfall at Darwin airport
Total rainfall (mm) between date set and collected Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Mac) tremulus Ae. (Fin) kochi 1400 300
1200 250
1000
200
800
150 600
100 400 Rainfall (mm) Rainfall
50 200 Number of Number larvae in all traps
0 0 7-Oct-14 8-Sep-14 3-Dec-14 9-Feb-15 2-Jun-15 4-Nov-14 8-Apr-15 15-Jul-14 29-Jul-14 9-Mar-15 7-May-15 20-Oct-14 23-Sep-14 12-Jan-15 28-Jan-15 16-Dec-14 30-Dec-14 23-Feb-15 15-Jun-15 30-Jun-15 18-Nov-14 20-Apr-15 12-Aug-14 25-Aug-14 23-Mar-15 18-May-15 Collection date
F:\ento\ento-files\meb_programs\ovitraps\Darwin\Darwin_routine_data\dwn_rural_palmerston_OVNO_1415\dwn_rural_palm_sp_rain_CHT_1415 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 24/02/2016 FIGURE 13: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN
AVERAGE NUMBER OF AEDES NOTOSCRIPTUS, AEDES VIGILAX, CULEX ANNULIROSTRIS GROUP, AND ALL SPECIES TRAPPED PER TRAP NIGHT PER YEAR FOR THE ELEVEN CONTINUOUS MONITORING SITES AND ANNUAL RAINFALL IN DARWIN 1983/84 TO 2014/15
Rainfall All species Cx. annulirostris grp.* Ae. notoscriptus Ae. vigilax 400 3500
350 3000
300 2500
250 2000
200
1500
NIGHT 150 RAINFALL (mm) RAINFALL
1000 100
500 50
0 0 AVERAGE NUMBER OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES PER TRAP TRAP PER FEMALE MOSQUITOES NUMBER OF AVERAGE 1983/84 1984/85 1985/86 1986/87 1987/88 1988/89 1989/90 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 *Cx. annulirostris grp. includes Cx. annulirostris & Cx. palpalis Darwin Airport rainfall data from Bureau of Meterology FINANCIAL YEAR
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\Dm1415an\av_vigcxall_rain_CHT_8315 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 25/02/2016 FIGURE 14: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN
AVERAGE NUMBER OF ALL FEMALE MOSQUITOES PER TRAP NIGHT CAUGHT USING WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS AT THE ELEVEN CONTINUOUS MONITORING SITES, 2010/11 TO 2014/15.
2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 1200
1000
800
600
400 NIGHT
200
0 Karama Casuarina Longwood Palm Creek Palm Totem Road Totem Leanyer Gate Leanyer Leanyer DumpLeanyer Coconut Grove Coconut AVERAGE NUMBER OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES PER TRAP TRAP PER FEMALE MOSQUITOES NUMBER OF AVERAGE Aviation Museum Marrara Range Rifle Marrara Round Swamp TRAP LOCATION
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\\Dm1415an\AVE0809_1415_CHT_5yr Medical Entomology CDC DoH 16/02/2016 42 1000 1110 Darwin 40 Katherine 35 800 30
600 25 20
400 15
10 200 5
0 0 1996/97, Jan 1997/98, Jan 1998/99, Jan 1999/00, Jan 2000/01, Jan 2001/02, Jan 2002/03, Jan 2003/04, Jan 2004/05, Jan 2005/06, Jan 2006/07, Jan 2007/08, Jan 2008/09, Jan 2009/10, Jan 2010/11, Jan 2011/12, Jan 2012/13, Jan 2013/14, Jan 2014/15, Jan Tennant Creek 1142 Jabiru 43 1000 40 1000 40
35 35 800 800 30 30
600 25 600 25 20 20
400 15 400 15
10 10 200 200 5 5
0 0 0 0 1996/97, Jan 1997/98, Jan 1998/99, Jan 1999/00, Jan 2000/01, Jan 2001/02, Jan 2002/03, Jan 2003/04, Jan 2004/05, Jan 2005/06, Jan 2006/07, Jan 2007/08, Jan 2008/09, Jan 2009/10, Jan 2010/11, Jan 2011/12, Jan 2012/13, Jan 2013/14, Jan 2014/15, Jan 1996/97, Jan 1997/98, Jan 1998/99, Jan 1999/00, Jan 2000/01, Jan 2001/02, Jan 2002/03, Jan 2003/04, Jan 2004/05, Jan 2005/06, Jan 2006/07, Jan 2007/08, Jan 2008/09, Jan 2009/10, Jan 2010/11, Jan 2011/12, Jan 2012/13, Jan 2013/14, Jan 2014/15, Jan Nhulunbuy Alice Springs 1080 1000 40 1000 40
35 35 800 800 30 30 25 600 600 25 20 20 400 15 400 15
10 10 200 200 5 5
0 0 0 0 1996/97, Jan 1997/98, Jan 1998/99, Jan 1999/00, Jan 2000/01, Jan 2001/02, Jan 2002/03, Jan 2003/04, Jan 2004/05, Jan 2005/06, Jan 2006/07, Jan 2007/08, Jan 2008/09, Jan 2009/10, Jan 2010/11, Jan 2011/12, Jan 2012/13, Jan 2013/14, Jan 2014/15, Jan 1000 40 1996/97, Jan 1997/98, Jan 1998/99, Jan 1999/00, Jan 2000/01, Jan 2001/02, Jan 2002/03, Jan 2003/04, Jan 2004/05, Jan 2005/06, Jan 2006/07, Jan 2007/08, Jan 2008/09, Jan 2009/10, Jan 2010/11, Jan 2011/12, Jan 2012/13, Jan 2013/14, Jan 2014/15, Jan Alyangula 35 RR virus cases 800 30 Monthly rainfall 25 600 Figure 15 : Monthly rainfall and monthly 20 Ross River virus cases for towns of the 400 15 Northern Territory from July 1996 - June 10 200 2015. RRV disease cases from CDC, 5 Darwin. 0 0 Rainfall data from Bureau of Meteorology. 1996/97, Jan 1997/98, Jan 1998/99, Jan 1999/00, Jan 2000/01, Jan 2001/02, Jan 2002/03, Jan 2003/04, Jan 2004/05, Jan 2005/06, Jan 2006/07, Jan 2007/08, Jan 2008/09, Jan 2009/10, Jan 2010/11, Jan 2011/12, Jan 2012/13, Jan 2013/14, Jan 2014/15, Jan
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\RR_1415 Medical Entomology DoH Darwin 1000 1000 1000 1524 Katherine 1000 1110
800 800 800 800
600 600 600 600
400 400 400 400
200 200 200 200
0 0 0 0 1996/97, Jan 1996/97, Jan 1997/98, Jan 1998/99, Jan 1999/00, Jan 2000/01, Jan 2001/02, Jan 2002/03, Jan 2003/04, Jan 2004/05, Jan 2005/06, Jan 2006/07, Jan 2007/08, Jan 2008/09, Jan 2009/10, Jan 2010/11, Jan 2011/12, Jan 2012/13, Jan 2013/14, Jan 2014/15, 1996/97, Jan 1996/97, Jan 1997/98, Jan 1998/99, Jan 1999/00, Jan 2000/01, Jan 2001/02, Jan 2002/03, Jan 2003/04, Jan 2004/05, Jan 2005/06, Jan 2006/07, Jan 2007/08, Jan 2008/09, Jan 2009/10, Jan 2010/11, Jan 2011/12, Jan 2012/13, Jan 2013/14, Jan 2014/15,
Jabiru Tennant Creek 6932, 6898 7587, 5963 8899 1142 2854, 1146 1000 5000 1000 1000
800 4000 800 800
600 3000 600 600
400 2000 400 400
200 200 200 1000
0 0 0 0 1996/97, Jan 1996/97, Jan 1997/98, Jan 1998/99, Jan 1999/00, Jan 2000/01, Jan 2001/02, Jan 2002/03, Jan 2003/04, Jan 2004/05, Jan 2005/06, Jan 2006/07, Jan 2007/08, Jan 2008/09, Jan 2009/10, Jan 2010/11, Jan 2011/12, Jan 2012/13, Jan 2013/14, Jan 2014/15, 1996/97, Jan 1996/97, Jan 1997/98, Jan 1998/99, Jan 1999/00, Jan 2000/01, Jan 2001/02, Jan 2002/03, Jan 2003/04, Jan 2004/05, Jan 2005/06, Jan 2006/07, Jan 2007/08, Jan 2008/09, Jan 2009/10, Jan 2010/11, Jan 2011/12, Jan 2012/13, Jan 2013/14, Jan 2014/15,
Nhulunbuy Alice Springs
1080 1000 1000 1111, 1713 3933 1000 1000
800 800 800 800
600 600 600 600
400 400 400 400
200 200 200 200
0 0 0 0 1996/97, Jan 1996/97, Jan 1997/98, Jan 1998/99, Jan 1999/00, Jan 2000/01, Jan 2001/02, Jan 2002/03, Jan 2003/04, Jan 2004/05, Jan 2005/06, Jan 2006/07, Jan 2007/08, Jan 2008/09, Jan 2009/10, Jan 2010/11, Jan 2011/12, Jan 2012/13, Jan 2013/14, Jan 2014/15, 1996/97, Jan 1996/97, Jan 1997/98, Jan 1998/99, Jan 1999/00, Jan 2000/01, Jan 2001/02, Jan 2002/03, Jan 2003/04, Jan 2004/05, Jan 2005/06, Jan 2006/07, Jan 2007/08, Jan 2008/09, Jan 2009/10, Jan 2010/11, Jan 2011/12, Jan 2012/13, Jan 2013/14, Jan 2014/15, Alyangula Monthly average number of Cx. 1000 1000 annulirostris grp. per trap night Monthly rainfall 800 800 Figure 16 : Monthly rainfall and average 600 600 number of Cx. annulirostris grp per month (average per trap night, CO baited traps) 400 400 2 for towns of the Northern Territory from 200 200 July 1996 - June 2015.
0 0 Rainfall data from Bureau of Meteorology. Number of trap sites per town: Darwin: 11; Jabiru: 4 (until 2009/10 only), Nhulunbuy: 5; Alyangula: 3; Katherine: 4;
1996/97, Jan 1996/97, Jan 1997/98, Jan 1998/99, Jan 1999/00, Jan 2000/01, Jan 2001/02, Jan 2002/03, Jan 2003/04, Jan 2004/05, Jan 2005/06, Jan 2006/07, Jan 2007/08, Jan 2008/09, Jan 2009/10, Jan 2010/11, Jan 2011/12, Jan 2012/13, Jan 2013/14, Jan 2014/15, Tennant Creek: 3 (irregular trapping); Alice Springs; 4. F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\Cxannul_rain_1415 Medical Entomology DoH FIGURE 17:
DARWIN. Total monthly rainfall in relation to Ae. notoscriptus, Ae. vigilax, Cx. annulirostris grp., & Ve. funerea July 1991 to June 2015
Total monthly rainfall (mm), Darwin Airport Average monthly no. of female Ae. notoscriptus per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps) Average monthly no. of female Ae. vigilax per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps) Average monthly no. of female Cx. annulirostris grp. per trap night (for the 11 monitoring trap sites collected weekly in CO2 baited traps) Average monthly no. of female Ve. funerea per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps) 953 1110 1000 800
900 700
800 600 700
500 600
500 400 night trap per Monthly rainfall (mm) 400 300
300 Ve.funerea 200 200
100 Cx. annulirostrisgrp., vigilax,& Ae. Ae. notoscriptus, 100
0 0 ofNo. 1991/92, Jan 1992/93, Jan 1993/94, Jan 1994/95, Jan 1995/96, Jan 1996/97, Jan 1997/98, Jan 1998/99, Jan 1999/00, Jan 2000/01, Jan 2001/02, Jan 2002/03, Jan 2003/04, Jan 2004/05, Jan 2005/06, Jan 2006/07, Jan 2007/08, Jan 2008/09, Jan 2009/10, Jan 2010/11, Jan 2011/12, Jan 2012/13, Jan 2013/14, Jan 2014/15, Jan
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Darwin\rain_disease_species_Darwin_1415/DM_month_Cxgrp_rainCHT_1991_15 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 16/02/2016 DARWIN. Financial year & long term average number of selected and all female mosquito species per trap caught in the eleven continuous weekly CO2 baited mosquito traps. ELEVEN CONTINUOUS MONITORING SITES Financial year - 2014/15
Rainfall (mm), Darwin Airport Ae. (Och) vigilax Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp. Ae. (Och) vigilax LTA Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp. LTA Mean Rainfall (mm), Darwin Airport
800 500
Long term average data (LTA) 1990/91 - 2013/14 450 700
400 600 350
500 300
400 250
200 (mm) Rainfall 300
150 200 100
100 Average number of female of number mosquitoes trap per Average 50
0 0 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
F:\ENTO\ento_files\meb_programs\mos_ contr_monitoring\contr_NT\Darwin_reg\Darwin\chartab\longterm_averages\LTA_darwin_1990_1415_rain\dwn_LTA_ss_MTH_90_14_CHT FIGURE 18:
DARWIN. Monthly RRV disease cases in relation to Ae. notoscriptus, Ae. vigilax, Cx. annulirostris grp., and Ve. funerea July 1991 to June 2015
No. of laboratory confirmed Ross River virus disease cases in Darwin Suburbs (includes Berrimah) Average monthly no. of female Ve. funerea per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps) Average monthly no. of female Ae. notoscriptus per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps) Average monthly no. of female Ae. vigilax per trap night (for the 11 monitoring sites collected weekly in the CO2 baited traps) Average monthly no. of female Cx. annulirostris grp. per trap night (for the 11 monitoring trap sites collected weekly in CO2 baited traps) 953 645 90 600
80 500
70
60 400
50 300
40 night trap per
30 200 vigilaxAe. & Cx. annulirostrisgrp., & Monthly RRV diseaseMonthly cases RRV
20 Ve.funerea 100 10
0 0 notoscriptus,Ae. No. No. of 1991/92, Jan 1992/93, Jan 1993/94, Jan 1994/95, Jan 1995/96, Jan 1996/97, Jan 1997/98, Jan 1998/99, Jan 1999/00, Jan 2000/01, Jan 2001/02, Jan 2002/03, Jan 2003/04, Jan 2004/05, Jan 2005/06, Jan 2006/07, Jan 2007/08, Jan 2008/09, Jan 2009/10, Jan 2010/11, Jan 2011/12, Jan 2012/13, Jan 2013/14, Jan 2014/15, Jan
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Darwin\rain_disease_species_Darwin_1415/DM_month_CXgrp_RRVCHT_1991_15 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 16/02/2016 FIGURE 19: AERIAL APPLIED MOSQUITO LARVAL CONTROL PROGRAM MAJOR MOSQUITO BREEDING AREAS - DARWIN.
Map Source: NT Government 2010 Scale at A4 1:50,000 Map name = > F:\ENTO\ento_files\gis\gis_data\leanyer\final maps\leanyer_helicopter_1011.mxd
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\Fig19_leanyer_helicopter_1415.doc FIGURE 20:
ROSS RIVER VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES FROM CDC (BY MONTH OF ONSET) 1999/00 TO 2014/15
120
100
80
60
40 NUMBER OF CASES NUMBER OF
20
0 Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Jul Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr 2001 Jan 2002 Jan 2003 Jan 2004 Jan 2005 Jan 2006 Jan 2007 Jan 2008 Jan 2009 Jan 2010 Jan 2011 Jan 2012 Jan 2013 Jan 2014 Jan 2015 Jan 1999 Jan 2000 Jan
MONTH AND YEAR OF ONSET
Note: The figure shows the most recently available case data for the period represented. The number of cases reported from prior years may vary slightly from previous publications.
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\9_Rrv1415\rrv9900_1415ch Medical Entomology CDC DoH 16/02/2016 FIGURE 21: LOCATION OF SENTINEL CHICKEN FLOCKS IN THE NT
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\Fig21_sent chick_location1415.doc F:\ento \ento_files\gis\gis_data\northern_territory\final_maps/sentch_stations.mxd FIGURE 22:
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\Fig22_Wet deciles1415.docx FIGURE 23:
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\Fig23_wet totals1415.doc
Tables
Table 1: EXOTIC AEDES OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM - DARWIN CITY AND OUTER DARWIN. JULY 2014 - JUNE 2015 MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY
TIMES SPECIES RECORDED (TOTAL NUMBER OF LARVAE) NUMBER NUMBER PERCENT SITE NO. SUBURB TRAP LOCATION LOCATION TYPE SAMPLED POSITIVE POSITIVE Cx. (Cux) Mi. (Mim) chamberlaini Not collected Trap failure Ae. (Fin) kochi Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Mac) tremulus quinquefasciatus Cx. (Cux) species metallica* Nil mosquitoes mosquitoes mosquitoes No of times Sum of No No of times Sum of No No of times Sum of No No of times Sum of No No of times Sum of No No of times Sum of No No of times No of times No of times detected of larvae detected of larvae detected of larvae detected of larvae detected of larvae detected of larvae detected detected detected 4 Marrara Malak Caravan Park. No. 440 McMillans Rd. Caravan 26 4 15.38 0 0 2 102 1 11 1 88 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 8 Winnellie Shady Glen Caravan Park. No. 11 Farrell Cresent Caravan 26 5 19.23 0 0 5 141 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 Caravan Total 52 9 17.31 9b Winnellie Northline Winnellie (70 Reichardt Rd) Commercial 26 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 20a Coconut Grove Nightcliff Chiropractor (4 Crayota St) Commercial 26 15 57.69 0 0 16 718 2 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 PJ's Custom Brokers & Darwin Forwarding Pty 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 41A East Arm Ltd. Unit 1, 3302 Export Drive. Commercial 26 0 0.00 45 Darwin City NT News Commercial 26 12 46.15 1 3 13 387 1 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 46 East Arm Toll Services, under demountable LHS at front. Commercial 25 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 1 0 Northern Cement on Berrimah Road - under 0 0 12 452 2 27 0 0 0 0 1 1 12 0 0 47 East Arm demountable LHS when driving towards exit.. Commercial 26 13 50.00 Commercial Total 155 40 25.81 18A Cullen Bay Marina Office Port 26 2 7.69 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 Austfish 5 Fishermans Pl - Lot 6406 (Duck 0 0 3 55 1 92 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 25A Darwin City Ponds) Port 26 4 15.38 Lot 5500 Frances Bay Dr. (VB Perkins shipping 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 yard). Trap moved 28/2/06 from lot 5360 to lot 26 Darwin City 5500. Port 9 0 0.00 Lot 5360 Frances Bay Dr. (VB Perkins shipping 0 0 6 173 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 27 Darwin City yard). Port 26 6 23.08 Mavie St, LHS exit Frances Bay Marine, under 0 0 4 180 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 19 2 0 29A Darwin Port bushes Port 24 5 20.83 30 Darwin City Kitchener Dr. (Fort Hill Wharf) Port 26 2 7.69 0 0 1 32 1 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 35a East Arm ShoreBarge 2 Pearl Court, Lot 4814 Port 26 0 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 Sea Swift (previously Tiwi Barge) 3245 Muramats 0 0 9 91 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 1 36 East Arm Rd. Outdoor toilet block. Port 25 8 32.00 50 Bayview Bayview Marina Port 26 1 3.85 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 Port Total 214 28 13.08 1 Wanguri 2 Aubrey St. Residential 26 8 30.77 0 0 8 333 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 3 Malak 55 Darwent Street Residential 19 7 36.84 0 0 7 193 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 7 0 10 Winnellie Kennons residence No. 6 Menmuir Street Residential 26 10 38.46 0 0 9 227 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 11a The Narrows 8 Pearson Street Residential 26 3 11.54 0 0 3 72 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 12 Ludmilla 46 Wells Street Residential 26 11 42.31 0 0 11 771 1 56 1 68 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 13 Parap 45 Gregory Street Residential 26 8 30.77 0 0 8 184 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 14 Fannie Bay 28 East Point Rd. Residential 26 22 84.62 0 0 22 2233 4 51 2 51 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 15 Stuart Park 3 Graham St Residential 26 20 76.92 0 0 20 1995 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 17 Larrakeyah 6 Murray Street. Residential 26 16 61.54 0 0 16 540 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 18B Larrakeyah 37 Temira Cres Residential 26 21 80.77 0 0 21 1947 0 0 1 34 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 19D Ludmilla 36 Nemarluk Drive Residential 26 16 61.54 0 0 16 646 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 21B Nightcliff 8 Camphor Street Residential 26 15 57.69 0 0 12 393 0 0 2 54 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 22 Rapid Creek 124 Ryland Rd. Residential 26 23 88.46 0 0 22 1405 2 186 2 29 1 3 0 0 3 0 0 Residential Total 331 180 54.38 7 Berrimah_Ovitrap Ascot Haulage No. 16 Berrimah Rd. Transport company 26 7 26.92 0 0 7 364 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 0 ES2 Winnellie Greyhound Depot, 37 Winnellie Rd Transport company 26 5 19.23 0 0 3 96 2 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 Transport company Total 52 12 23.08
Totals 804 269 1 3 259 13735 23 612 10 325 1 3 1 1 531 10 1
% of positive ovitraps positive for this species 33.46 0.37 96.28 8.55 3.72 0.37 0.37 197.40 3.72 0.37
Average number of larvae/trap/fortnight of ovitraps positive for this species 3.00 53.03 26.61 32.50 3.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
% of ovitraps recovered = 98.65
* Mi. (Mim) chamberlaini metallica was caught as an adult mosquito flying out of a collected trap.
F:\ENTO\ento_files\meb_programs\ovitraps\Darwin\Darwin urban data\dwn_urban_OVNO_1415Darwin_urban_1415 Medical Entomology DoH CDC 16/02/2016 TABLE 2: MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY EXOTIC AEDES OVITRAP SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM -DARWIN RURAL AND PALMERSTON. JULY 2014 - JUNE 2015
TIMES SPECIES RECORDED SITE NUMBER NUMBER PERCENT (TOTAL NUMBER OF LARVAE) SUBURB TRAP LOCATION LOCATION TYPE NO. SAMPLED POSITIVE POSITIVE Cx. (Cux) Not collected Trap failure Ae. (Fin) kochi Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Mac) tremulus quinquefasciatus Cx. (Cux) species Nil mosquitoes mosquitoes mosquitoes No of times Sum of No No of times Sum of No No of times Sum of No No of times Sum of No No of times Sum of No No of times No of times No of times detected of larvae detected of larvae detected of larvae detected of larvae detected of larvae detected detected detected Howard Springs Caravan Park, 170 Whitewood 0 0 6 521 0 0 2 265 1 3 18 0 2 R5A Howard Springs Rd Caravan 24 6 25.00 Caravan total 24 6 25.00 R3A Woodroffe 46 Emery Ave, Fire Station Commercial 24 8 33.33 1 8 8 308 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 2 0 McMinns Pumping Solutions, 4012 Spencely Rd 0 0 9 179 5 161 2 103 0 0 13 2 0 R7C Humpty Doo Humpty Doo Commercial 24 10 41.67 17 Mile Service & Muffler Centre, Lot 1 Virginia 0 0 8 556 4 120 0 0 0 0 13 0 1 R8 Virginia Rd Commercial 23 11 47.83 Commercial total 71 29 40.85 R4A Howard Springs Jenny's Orchid Garden, 10 Niel Court Nursery 26 10 38.46 0 0 10 296 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 R6 Humpty Doo Arnhem Nursery, 35 Arnhem Hwy Nursery 26 11 42.31 0 0 11 625 2 7 1 1 0 0 15 0 0 Nursery total 52 21 40.38 Senior Officers Quarters, House 820 McLaurin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 RB1 Holtze Place, Robertson Barracks Residential 26 0 0.00 32 Holtze Lot 10, Wallaby Holtze Rd. Residential 26 14 53.85 0 0 15 1546 5 102 1 102 0 0 11 0 0 33 Durack (Fairway Waters) 6 Hayward Place, Fairway Waters Residential 26 2 7.69 0 0 2 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 R1 Driver 1/16 McInnis Circuit Residential 26 10 38.46 0 0 10 441 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 R2a Gray 6 Dillon Circuit Residential 26 18 69.23 0 0 18 757 0 0 6 323 0 0 8 0 0 Residential total 130 44 33.85 RB2 Holtze Under Fuel Station Depot, Robertson Barracks Transport company 26 4 15.38 0 0 1 132 2 45 1 18 0 0 22 0 0 Transport company total 26 4 15.38
Totals 303 104 1 8 98 5501 18 435 13 812 1 198 4 3
% of positive ovitraps positive for this species 34.32 0.96 94.23 17.31 12.50 0.96 190.38 3.85 2.88
Average number of larvae/trap/fortnight of ovitraps positive for this species 8.00 56.13 24.17 62.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00
% of ovitraps recovered = 97.74
F:\ENTO\ento_files\meb_programs\ovitraps\Darwin\Darwin rural_palmerston data\dwn_rural_palmerston_OVNO_1415darwin_rural_palmerston1415 Medical Entomology DoH16/02/2016 TABLE 3:
Mosquito species collected in Darwin and Palmerston by ME - all collection methods Mosquito species Mosquito species collected from 1974 to 2013/14 collected in 2014/15 Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ho. ( ) species 157 Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ae. ( ? ) species 160 Ho. spoliata ? # Ae. (Adm) alboscutellatus Ae. (Adm) alboscutellatus Lu. (Met) halifaxii Ae. (Cha) elchoensis Ae. (Cha) elchoensis Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Ae. (Fin) kochi Ae. (Fin) britteni Mi. (Eto) elegans Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Fin) kochi Mi. (Mim) chamberlaini metallica Ae. (Mac) nr species 121 Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ml. ( ) genurostris Ae. (Mac) species 76 Ae. (Fin) quasirubithorax s.l. Tp. (Pol) punctolateralis Ae. (Mac) tremulus Ae. (Lor) dasyorrhus Tp. (Trp) magnesianus Ae. (Neo) lineatopennis Ae. (Mac) nr species 121 Tx. (Tox) speciosus Ae. (Och) normanensis Ae. (Mac) species 121 Ur. (Pfc) diagonalis Ae. (Och) phaecasiatus Ae. (Mac) species 70 Ur. (Pfc) hirsutifemora Ae. (Och) vigilax Ae. (Mac) species 76 Ur. (Ura) albescens Ae. (Rhi) longirostris Ae. (Mac) species nr 147? Ur. (Ura) argyrotarsis Ae. (Stg) aegypti ## Ae. (Mac) stoneorum Ur. (Ura) lateralis Ae. (Stg) katherinensis Ae. (Mac) tremulus Ur. (Ura) moresbyensis Ae. daliensis Ae. (Mol) pecuniosus Ur. (Ura) nivipes An. (Ano) bancroftii Ae. (Muc) alternans Ur. (Ura) novaguinensis An. (Cel) amictus Ae. (Neo) lineatopennis Ur. (Ura) paralateralis? An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Ae. (Och) normanensis Ur. (Ura) species 156 An. (Cel) farauti s.l. Ae. (Och) phaecasiatus Ur. (Ura) species 49 An. (Cel) hilli Ae. (Och) vigilax Ur. (Ura) species 82 An. (Cel) meraukensis Ae. (Och) vittiger Ur. (Ura) tibialis An. (Cel) novaguinensis Ae. (Rhi) longirostris Ve. (Ver) funerea Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Ae. (Stg) aegypti * Ve. (Ver) reesi Cx. (Cui) pullus Ae. (Stg) albopictus * Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Ae. (Stg) katherinensis Cx. (Cux) gelidus Ae. (Stg) scutellaris grp Cx. (Cux) palpalis Ae. daliensis Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus An. (Ano) bancroftii Cx. (Cux) sitiens An. (Ano) powelli Cx. (Cux) vicinus An. (Cel) amictus Cx. (Cux) Vishnui group An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Cx. (Lop) cubiculi An. (Cel) farauti s.l. Cx. (Lop) hilli An. (Cel) hilli Cx. (Lop) species 167 An. (Cel) meraukensis Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchus An. (Cel) novaguinensis Cx. (Ocu) squamosus Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Ho. ( ) species 157 Cx. (Cui) fragilis* Lu. (Met) halifaxii Cx. (Cui) pullus Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Cx. (Cui) spathifurca* Mi. (Eto) elegans Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Mi. (Mim) chamberlaini metallica Cx. (Cux) crinicauda Tp. (Trp) magnesianus Cx. (Cux) gelidus Ur. (Ura) albescens Cx. (Cux) palpalis Ur. (Ura) lateralis Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Ur. (Ura) moresbyensis Cx. (Cux) sitiens Ur. (Ura) nivipes Cx. (Cux) species 32 Ur. (Ura) novaguinensis Cx. (Cux) species 92 Ve. (Ver) funerea Cx. (Cux) vicinus Cx. (Cux) Vishnui group Cx. (Lop) cubiculi Cx. (Lop) hilli Cx. (Lop) species 154 Cx. (Lop) species 155 Cx. (Lop) species 167 Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchus Cx. (Ocu) near bitaeniorhynchus** Cx. (Ocu) squamosus Cx. (Ocu) starckeae ## Two female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were collected in a * Ae. (Stg) aegypti , Ae. (Stg) albopictus , Cx (Cui) fragilis, Cx. (Cui) spathifurca were previously detected by DoA routine DoA trap 1/9/14 and a male and female Ae. during quarantine inspections. These species are currently not established in Darwin or anywhere else in the NT. aegypti were collected 12/1/15 at the East Arm Wharf in Darwin. This species is not currently established in the NT.
** An exotic mosquito detected at Marrara in May 2011 - Cx. (Ocu) cornutus had been tentatively identified from 2 specimens only and was verified by R. Russell of Westmead Hospital in NSW, but requires additional specimens to confirm its identification. It was detected through the weekly Darwin adult mosquito monitoring program. Further DNA analysis indicates that this species is closer to the endemic NT species Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchus and is now being identified as Cx. (Ocu) near bitaeniorhynchus .
# An exotic mosquito, tentatively identified as Ho. spoliata was collected in a routine DoA trap 16/1/13 at the East Arm Wharf in Darwin. This damaged specimen was the only specimen collected, with the importation most likely associated with the arrival of an international vessel.
Note: Ae. (Och) pseudonormanensis has been collected in the Darwin region (Jabiru & Rustlers Roost Mine). Note: Mi. (Ing)species 172 and Mi. (Mim) species 166 were collected in the Darwin region (Wadeye) on one occasion. Identifications require confirmation.
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Darwin\species_list_Darwin_Palmerston_1415\species list_Dwn_Palmo_1415 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 16/02/2016 TABLE: 4 MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN JULY 2014 TO JUNE 2015. TOTAL NUMBERS OF NINE SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT
IN ELEVEN CONTINUOUS WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.
NO. OF SITE TRAP SITE TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES TOTAL SUCCESSFUL AVERAGE % NO. TRAP PER Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Och) vigilax An. (Ano) bancroftii An. (Cel) farauti s.l. An. (Cel) hilli An. (Cel) meraukensis Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Other NIGHTS TRAP
1 Leanyer Gate 1 1841 43 23 72 4 213 4361 199 338 7095 53 133.87 5.69
2 Longwood 27 2714 83 128 8 0 243 6976 60 982 11221 53 211.72 9.00
3 Leanyer Dump 28 3353 115 94 83 7 664 6070 172 604 11190 53 211.13 8.97
4 Karama 119 9924 1373 825 53 75 2196 20750 119 797 36231 53 683.60 29.05
5 Palm Creek 37 2106 4700 737 15 236 9337 15964 208 1854 35194 53 664.04 28.22
6 Marrara Round Swamp 71 321 49 4 0 88 1463 2603 25 195 4819 53 90.92 3.86
7 Aviation Museum 131 485 19 4 0 6 1419 1778 19 427 4288 53 80.91 3.44
8 Marrara Rifle Range 109 458 24 5 0 1 465 2270 32 2846 6210 53 117.17 4.98
9 Casuarina 104 941 37 19 1 3 363 4161 39 322 5990 53 113.02 4.80
10 Coconut Grove 296 639 1 4 1 0 69 427 7 165 1609 53 30.36 1.29
11 Totem Road 48 109 1 6 0 0 91 548 20 48 871 29 30.03 0.70
TOTALS 971 22891 6445 1849 233 420 16523 65908 900 8578 124718 559 223.11 100.00
AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 1.74 40.95 11.53 3.31 0.42 0.75 29.56 117.90 1.61 15.35 223.11
PERCENTAGE % 0.78 18.35 5.17 1.48 0.19 0.34 13.25 52.85 0.72 6.88 100.00 Cx. annulirostris grp. * includes Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\Dm1415an\dmss_11sites_Cxgrp_1415 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 16/02/2016 TABLE 5: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN JULY 2014 TO JUNE 2015. TOTAL NUMBERS OF NINE SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE 16 WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.
NO. OF SITE TRAP SITE TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES TOTAL AVERAGE % SUCCESSFUL NO. PER TRAP Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Och) vigilax An. (Ano) bancroftii An. (Cel) farauti s.l. An. (Cel) hilli An. (Cel) meraukensis Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Other NIGHTS TRAP
1 Leanyer Gate 1 1841 43 23 72 4 213 4361 199 338 7095 53 133.87 4.69
2 Longwood Ave 27 2714 83 128 8 0 243 6976 60 982 11221 53 211.72 7.42
3 Leanyer Dump 28 3353 115 94 83 7 664 6069 172 605 11190 53 211.13 7.40
4 Karama 119 9924 1373 825 53 75 2196 20691 119 856 36231 53 683.60 23.95
5 Palm Creek 37 2106 4700 737 15 236 9337 15955 208 1863 35194 53 664.04 23.26
6 Brandt Rd 59 784 6243 682 13 274 2814 9049 373 1166 21457 24 894.04 14.18
7 Marrara Round Swamp 71 321 49 4 0 88 1463 2597 25 201 4819 53 90.92 3.19
8 Aviation Museum 131 485 19 4 0 6 1419 1773 19 432 4288 53 80.91 2.83
9 Marrara Rifle Range 109 458 24 5 0 1 465 2270 32 2846 6210 53 117.17 4.10
10 Botanic Gardens*1 16 69 0 0 0 0 0 111 0 62 258 53 4.87 0.17
11 Vesteys Beach 29 404 0 8 0 0 5 1923 5 79 2453 23 106.65 1.62
12 Richardson Park*2 15 518 1 10 1 0 72 1479 17 229 2342 44 53.23 1.55
13 Totem Road *3 48 109 1 6 0 0 91 548 20 48 871 29 30.03 0.58
14 Kulaluk 0 27 0 1 0 0 1 20 0 5 54 10 5.40 0.04
15 Coconut Grove 296 639 1 4 1 0 69 427 7 165 1609 53 30.36 1.06
16 Casuarina 104 941 37 19 1 3 363 4161 39 322 5990 53 113.02 3.96
TOTALS 1090 24693 12689 2550 247 694 19415 78410 1295 10199 151282 713 212.18 100.00
AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 1.53 34.63 17.80 3.58 0.35 0.97 27.23 109.97 1.82 14.30 212.18
PERCENTAGE % 0.72 16.32 8.39 1.69 0.16 0.46 12.83 51.83 0.86 6.74 100.00 Note: *1 - 'Botanic Gardens' trapping during wet season only, commenced 14/10/14 and ceased after 8/4/15 *2 - 'Richardson Park' trapping commenced 3/9/14 *3 - 'Totem Rd', trapping resumed at this site 15/12/14
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\Dm1415an\dmss_ALLsites_1415 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 16/02/2016 TABLE 6: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN AVERAGE OF NINE SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALES CAUGHT IN ELEVEN
CONTINUOUS WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2014/15.
SPECIES AVERAGE NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES COLLECTED PER TRAP NIGHT 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus 2.40 2.62 2.09 4.06 4.29 2.68 3.16 2.34 2.81 3.09 1.45 4.08 2.32 2.88 2.05 3.57 3.81 3.17 3.42 2.81 2.59 2.41 1.49 1.30 1.74 Ae. (Och) vigilax 23.96 10.78 20.65 137.96 59.71 17.34 20.15 23.38 66.50 16.22 9.03 12.06 94.46 63.13 23.28 93.05 34.76 42.80 47.09 66.65 154.64 53.92 59.96 41.37 40.95 An. (Ano) bancroftii 13.94 14.43 27.49 39.33 23.80 38.09 21.82 7.57 35.24 47.54 22.85 11.52 14.77 19.62 29.77 13.30 16.15 8.46 13.85 10.46 25.05 11.38 9.26 6.27 11.53 An. (Cel) farauti s.l. 2.41 2.63 2.02 6.79 6.14 13.79 5.51 1.95 22.41 34.50 5.18 10.10 3.88 6.23 3.22 8.98 6.44 2.91 2.15 4.54 12.59 8.58 6.15 3.05 3.31 An. (Cel) hilli 1.13 1.43 1.56 2.61 1.53 2.75 6.73 1.76 3.93 5.44 5.18 3.92 2.09 1.36 1.05 1.62 0.95 1.11 1.96 1.90 1.88 2.37 1.76 1.05 0.42 An. (Cel) meraukensis 4.27 4.32 1.72 10.06 9.86 2.98 2.46 2.40 7.95 3.92 2.69 0.80 2.06 4.17 1.04 4.14 2.13 1.14 0.89 1.32 1.15 1.61 1.31 0.47 0.75 Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster 7.93 9.69 27.83 10.47 11.24 31.12 15.22 17.92 27.71 35.24 30.81 19.12 20.90 29.87 17.87 13.61 21.56 6.56 8.31 17.45 37.12 41.90 36.46 36.17 29.56
Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* 74.12 24.84 35.62 89.33 61.08 51.39 64.57 60.89 91.26 80.07 64.88 52.04 87.03 148.71 83.16 71.92 91.20 63.73 58.30 92.16 67.06 59.78 110.12 92.59 117.90 Ma. (Mnd) uniformis 1.32 2.67 1.54 1.71 1.77 16.21 0.61 1.40 2.43 9.81 8.95 1.42 0.81 1.81 3.06 1.28 1.89 0.93 3.61 0.83 5.36 14.51 1.69 2.06 1.61 Other species 20.75 9.21 12.12 23.53 28.15 20.24 22.01 13.98 37.61 23.65 12.98 17.89 20.17 27.28 12.51 28.88 18.47 15.11 12.81 17.59 45.30 17.82 26.55 10.25 15.35
TOTALS 152.22 82.62 132.65 325.85 207.57 196.58 162.22 133.58 297.85 259.50 164.01 132.94 248.48 305.08 177.01 240.37 197.36 145.92 152.39 215.73 352.74 214.28 254.76 194.57 223.11 Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp. * includes Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis
Changes to trap sites Totem Road commenced 8/5/1985. Trap site moved approx 20 m (remained within Tropicus Nursery) 7/1/1992 Marrara SE ceased 18/10/94 & was replaced by Aviation Museum on 25/10/95
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\Dm1415an\DMaver9sp(11)90_15 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 16/02/2016 TABLE 7: ROSS RIVER VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES NOTIFIED FROM CDC (BY REGION PER MONTH) JUL 2014 TO JUN 2015
MONTH REGION TOTALS Alice Springs Barkly Darwin East Arnhem Katherine JULY 2 2 22 0 2 28 AUGUST 1 0 16 3 0 20 SEPTEMBER 0 0 20 2 4 26 OCTOBER 0 0 18 0 1 19 NOVEMBER 3 0 11 0 1 15 DECEMBER 1 0 27 0 1 29 JANUARY 0 1 50 4 3 58 FEBRUARY 4 0 53 3 7 67 MARCH 3 0 41 3 7 54 APRIL 1 0 26 0 0 27 MAY 0 0 14 1 0 15 JUNE 1 0 16 0 2 19 TOTALS 16 3 314 16 28 377
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\ 9_Rrv1415\rrvmonthreg1415 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 16/02/2016 TABLE 8:
BARMAH FOREST VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES NOTIFIED FROM CDC (BY REGION PER MONTH) JUL 2014 TO JUN 2015
MONTH REGION TOTALS Alice Springs Barkly Darwin East Arnhem Katherine JULY 0 1 2 0 0 3 AUGUST 0 0 0 0 0 0 SEPTEMBER 0 0 1 0 0 1 OCTOBER 0 0 0 0 0 0 NOVEMBER 0 0 1 0 0 1 DECEMBER 0 0 6 0 0 6 JANUARY 0 0 5 0 0 5 FEBRUARY 0 0 4 0 0 4 MARCH 0 0 3 0 0 3 APRIL 0 0 4 0 0 4 MAY 0 0 1 0 0 1 JUNE 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTALS 0 1 27 0 0 28
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\ 10_bf_cases_1415\bf1415month Medical Entomology CDC DoH 16/02/2016 TABLE 9: ROSS RIVER VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES NOTIFIED FROM CDC (BY REGION) 1990/91 TO 2014/15
FINANCIAL YEAR REGION TOTALS
Alice Springs Barkly Darwin East Arnhem Katherine 1990/91 32 51 288 22 48 441 1991/92 3 6 115 53 15 192 1992/93 12 32 178 29 37 288 1993/94 1 0 259 23 19 302 1994/95 36 5 275 19 38 373 1995/96 0 5 66 17 23 111 1996/97 51 24 115 5 28 223 1997/98 5 1 85 11 21 123 1998/99 2 6 106 11 16 141 1999/00 16 7 98 9 26 156 2000/01 7 68 104 4 51 234 2001/02 1 4 40 7 18 70 2002/03 0 5 97 10 19 131 2003/04 5 1 161 7 21 195 2004/05 4 0 136 12 21 173 2005/06 8 5 216 16 19 264 2006/07 13 2 182 25 37 259 2007/08 15 5 187 11 28 246 2008/09 54 27 266 28 31 406 2009/10 34 6 234 17 30 321 2010/11 23 6 191 12 30 262 2011/12 8 1 173 14 23 219 2012/13 2 0 190 11 7 210 2013/14 16 6 345 23 43 433 2014/15 16 3 314 16 28 377 TOTALS 348 273 4107 396 649 5773
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\ 9_Rrv1415\casereg90_15 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 16/02/2016 TABLE 10: BARMAH FOREST VIRUS DISEASE CASES IN THE NT LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES NOTIFIED FROM CDC (BY REGIONS) 1991/92 TO 2014/15
FINANCIAL YEAR REGION TOTALS Alice Springs Barkly Darwin East Arnhem Katherine 1991/92 0 1 0 41 0 42 1992/93 1 0 8 8 2 19 1993/94 0 1 20 6 2 29 1994/95 0 0 8 1 2 11 1995/96 1 0 16 5 3 25 1996/97 4 5 21 4 6 40 1997/98 2 0 11 2 5 20 1998/99 0 0 17 5 2 24 1999/00 1 1 8 2 1 13 2000/01 1 5 14 6 7 33
2001/02 0 1 18 5 1 25
2002/03 2 0 13 2 1 18
2003/04 3 1 5 3 3 14
2004/05 8 0 31 2 3 43
2005/06 15 2 65 12 6 100
2006/07 17 2 67 12 9 107
2007/08 5 2 51 2 3 63
2008/09 16 5 83 7 8 119
2009/10 9 1 70 9 5 94
2010/11 4 1 46 5 6 62
2011/12 4 0 45 1 2 52
2012/13 33 1 279 15 24 352 2013/14 14 0 99 7 9 129 2014/15 0 1 27 0 0 28
TOTALS 140 29 995 162 110 1434
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\ 10_bf_cases_1415\BFcases1992_15 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 16/02/2016 TABLE 11: LOCATION AND MONTH OF ONSET OF CASES OF MVE OR KUNJIN 1974-2015 ACQUIRED IN THE NT
Year Month of Eth Sex Age Virus Location of infection No's. Comment onset nicit (years) (Region) 1974 February MVE Barkly 1 March MVE Alice Springs 1 March MVE Alice Springs 1 March MVE Katherine 1 April MVE Barkly 1
1981 March MVE East Arnhem 1
1987 July A M <1 MVE Darwin 1 1988 March A M <1 MVE Darwin 1 April O M <1 MVE Darwin 1
May A M 4 MVE Darwin 1 1991 April O F 74 MVE Darwin 1 Died May A M <1 MVE Alice Springs 1 1992 Aug O F 40 KUN Darwin 1 1993 April A F <1 MVE Katherine 1 April A F 1 MVE Katherine 1 Died April O M 22 MVE Barkly 1 May U F 33 MVE Katherine 1 May O M 61 MVE Katherine 1 April O M 32 MVE Katherine 1
1995 Nov O F 61 KUN Unknown 1 1997 March O M 59 MVE* Alice Springs 1 Died
May M 21 KUN Barkly 1 May KUN Barkly 1 June F 26 KUN Barkly 1 1999 May M 66 KUN Darwin 1 2000 March A F <1 MVE Alice Springs 1 Severe impairment March A M 69 MVE Alice Springs 1 Severe impairment April A M <1 MVE Alice Springs 1 Recovered May O M 15 MVE Katherine 1 April A M 4 KUN Alice Springs 1 Recovered March M 32 KUN Darwin 1
2001 February O F 49 MVE Alice Springs 1 Severe impairment February O M 59 MVE Alice Springs 1 Recovered March O M 11 KUN Alice Springs 1 May A F 23 KUN Alice Springs 1
July A F 2 MVE Darwin 1 Recovered
2004 March A F <1 MVE Alice Springs 1 Died 2005 March A M 3 MVE Darwin 1 Recovered 2009 March O M 58 MVE Darwin 1 Died
May O M 83 MVE Darwin 1 Died
2010 June O M 80 KUN Darwin 1 Recovered 2011 March O M 33 MVE Barkly 1 Recovered
March A M 1 MVE Barkly 1 Recovered
April O M 60 KUN Barkly 1 Recovered
May O F 19 MVE Darwin/Katherine 1 Died
May O F 63 MVE Katherine 1 Recovered
2015 February A F <1 MVE Barkly 1 Severe impairment
May A M 8 MVE Katherine 1 Severe impairment Total MVE 36 Total KUN 12 A Aboriginal, O Other,U Unknown . Note Kunjin recorded only from 1992
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\PDF Files\Tables\Copy of 11_MVE and Kunjin cases table 1415 Medical Entomology DoH25/02/2016 TABLE 12: ARBOVIRUS RISK PERIODS IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY
VIRUS FROM VECTORS/ FROM VIRUS FROM SENTINEL FROM HUMAN PEAK RISK PROBABLE CASE ABUNDANCE & ISOLATION ANIMALS PERIOD MAIN RISK DATA LONGEVITY PERIOD
MVE JAN-SEPT MAR DEC-OCT FEB-JULY FEB-MAY JAN-JULY
KUNJIN JAN-SEPT APRIL-JUN DEC-SEPT MARCH-NOV FEB-MAY JAN-JULY
RR NOV-SEPT JAN-APR - JAN-DEC JAN-MAR DEC-JUN
BF NOV-SEPT DEC-APR - DEC-OCT JAN-MAR DEC-JUN
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\12_Arbovirus risk/Arbovirus risk Medical Entomology DoH 16/02/2016 TABLE 13: COMBINED DOH AND DPIF NT SENTINEL CHICKEN FLAVIVIRUS SURVEILLANCE
PROGRESSIVE RESULTS OF NUMBER OF NEW SEROCONVERSIONS IN MONTH OF BLEEDING 2014/15
REGION LOCATION July August September October November December January February March April May June July Total +ve Total bled Leanyer Date bled 17/12 14/1 11/2 4/3 1/4 6/5 2/6 7/7 (urban) Nos bled 13 11 10 10 10 10 10 9 83 Flock change Unidentified Flavi 0 KUNV 1 1 MVEV 0 MVEV/KUNV 0 Howard Springs Date bled 17/12 14/1 11/2 4/3 1/4 6/5 2/6 7/7 (rural) Nos bled 11 11 11 11 11 10 10 9 84 Flock change Unidentified Flavi 3 3 KUNV 0 MVEV 0 MVEV/KUNV 0 Adelaide River Date bled 4/12 8/1 5/2 5/3 2/4 7/5 4/6 9/7 DARWIN Coastal Plains Nos bled 9 9 9 9 12 12 11 12 83 Res. Stn. Flock change Beatrice Hill Unidentified Flavi 2 2 Adelaide River KUNV 1 1 2 MVEV 0 MVEV/KUNV 0 Berrimah Farm Date bled 4/3 (urban) Nos bled 5 5 Flock change Unidentified Flavi 0 KUNV 0 MVEV 0 MVEV/KUNV 0 Nhulunbuy Date bled 7/12 1/2 22/2 5/4 14/6 Nos bled 10 10 10 10 10 50 Flock change Unidentified Flavi 2 2 KUNV 0 MVEV 0 EAST ARNHEM EAST MVEV/KUNV 0 Katherine Date bled 16/1 27/2 14/4 12/5 15/6 30/6 Res. Stn. Nos bled 5 11 10 10 9 9 54 Flock change Unidentified Flavi 0 KUNV 0 MVEV 0 MVEV/KUNV 0 Nathan River Date bled 17/12 27/2 14/4 27/5 Nos bled KATHERINE 6 7 6 4 23 Flock change Unidentified Flavi 0 KUNV 0 MVEV 0 MVEV/KUNV 0
Medical Entomology DoH25/02/2016 F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\ch progressive NT 2014-15 TABLE 13: COMBINED DOH AND DPIF NT SENTINEL CHICKEN FLAVIVIRUS SURVEILLANCE
PROGRESSIVE RESULTS OF NUMBER OF NEW SEROCONVERSIONS IN MONTH OF BLEEDING 2014/15
REGION LOCATION July August September October November December January February March April May June July Total +ve Total bled Tennant Creek Date bled 3/2 26/2 6/5 24/6 Nos bled 11 12 11 11 45 Flock change Unidentified Flavi 1 1
BARKLY KUNV 2 2 4 MVEV 3 3 MVEV/KUNV 0 Arid Zone Date bled 2/12 6/1 3/2 24/2 9/3 8/4 5/5 2/6 7/7 Research Nos bled 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 108 Institute Flock change Unidentified Flavi 0 KUNV 0 MVEV 0 ALICE SPRINGS ALICE MVEV/KUNV 0 Unidentified Flavi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 8 KUNV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 2 0 7 Monthly Summary MVEV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 MVEV/KUNV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Number bled 0 0 0 0 0 61 48 115 42 71 69 82 42 535
Note: MVEV/KUNV can either be MVE or KUN or both and can not be differentiated.
Medical Entomology DoH25/02/2016 F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\ch progressive NT 2014-15 TABLE 14: COMBINED DOH AND DPIF NT SENTINEL CHICKEN FLAVIVIRUS SURVEILLANCE
SUMMARY OF NEW SEROCONVERSIONS BY MONTH JUL 1992 - JUL 2015
LOCATION Flock established July August September October November December January February March April May June + ve Totals Totals bled Darwin Rural January 1992 Nos bled 207 204 199 202 171 234 211 181 191 241 272 224 2537 Howard Springs KUNV 4 1 3 0 0 3 2 0 3 1 12 4 33 MVEV 2 3 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 7 6 23 Darwin urban September 1992 Nos bled 193 195 206 215 192 215 220 204 227 245 267 219 2598 Leanyer KUNV 4 2 2 0 1 0 1 7 3 7 13 4 44 MVEV 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 2 7 4 24 Coastal Plains July 1993 Nos bled 208 212 194 169 231 165 238 244 312 266 270 249 2758 Research Station KUNV 1 3 2 0 0 0 0 4 3 3 9 6 31 Adelaide River MVEV 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 6 21 5 10 7 53 Kakadu November 2004 Nos bled 25 20 18 12 28 16 28 7 64 36 41 45 340 Jabiru KUNV 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 11 2 19 MVEV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 8 Nhulunbuy January 1992 Nos bled 118 93 112 110 91 89 98 134 140 137 147 124 1393 KUNV 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 3 1 7 7 2 24 MVEV 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 3 4 4 15 Alyangula Nos bled 57 49 30 39 36 48 38 48 52 54 55 32 538 KUNV 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 MVEV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Katherine June 1993 Nos bled 155 151 200 189 127 183 204 227 250 212 167 184 2249 KUNV 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 3 5 8 7 5 33 MVEV 2 0 0 1 0 2 3 8 11 8 11 3 49 Nathan River April 2006 Nos bled 17 63 63 24 48 56 55 63 59 82 48 75 653 KUNV 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 2 6 2 1 2 17 MVEV 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 4 6 3 3 3 26 Tennant Creek February 1995 Nos bled 59 74 46 48 66 117 112 148 216 166 150 90 1292 KUNV 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 10 10 6 1 33 MVEV 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 28 25 10 12 1 83 Alice Springs November 1996 Nos bled 172 178 143 134 155 179 153 190 226 191 178 200 2099 Arid Zone KUNV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 3 Research Institution MVEV 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 10 2 2 24 Alice Springs January 2002 Nos bled 91 112 90 93 91 87 80 92 89 106 93 105 1129 Ilparpa KUNV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MVEV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 4 Totals KUNV 13 12 7 1 1 5 10 24 33 39 66 27 238 MVEV 9 6 1 5 1 7 12 53 78 47 58 32 309 Number bled 1302 1351 1301 1235 1236 1389 1437 1538 1826 1736 1688 1547 17586
Note: The program was revised in 2012, with sentinel chickens only bled between December and June. Note: The Kakadu Alyangula and Alice Springs Ilparpa Swamp flocks were discontinued in 2012.
F:\ENTO\ento_files\meb_programs\sentinel_flocks\chickens\summary_tables\conversions by month\seroconv by month 1991_15 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 15: DOH AND DPIF NT SENTINEL CHICKEN FLAVIVIRUS SURVEILLANCE
NEW SEROCONVERSIONS IN MONTH OF BLEEDING BY YEAR JUL 1992-JUN 2015
LOCATION Flock established 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 + ve Totals Darwin rural January 1992 MVEV 7 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 23 Howard Springs KUNV 3 1 1 2 1 2 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 4 1 3 2 33 Nos bled 69 75 160 92 84 120 127 137 118 166 166 95 127 125 103 75 48 162 112 135 70 87 84 2537 Darwin urban September 1992 MVEV 1 10 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 24 Leanyer KUNV 1 1 1 3 2 4 1 5 1 6 5 5 6 2 1 44 Nos bled 81 92 137 89 81 101 128 163 133 132 161 103 102 134 140 140 104 142 132 144 84 76 83 2682 Coastal Plains July 1993 MVEV 13 4 4 5 3 3 1 2 4 1 1 10 2 53 Adelaide River KUNV 4 1 1 2 1 4 2 3 3 1 7 2 31 Nos bled 121 139 132 138 129 135 158 130 147 160 113 113 122 102 120 120 105 118 140 71 78 83 2674 Kakadu November 2004 MVEV 3 2 2 1 8 Gagadju KUNV 5 4 1 9 19 Nos bled 44 25 72 49 27 40 74 9 340 Nhulunbuy January 1992 MVEV 3 1 4 1 1 2 3 15 KUNV 2 2 3 2 1 4 1 2 2 5 24 Nos bled 30 15 10 85 93 97 85 75 73 72 72 72 68 86 53 61 109 71 63 53 50 1393 Alyangula April 2006 MVEV 0 KUNV 1 1 Nos bled 31 27 32 66 155 142 85 538 Katherine June 1993 MVEV 12 3 1 2 3 2 4 1 4 2 3 2 8 2 49 KUNV 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 6 6 2 2 4 1 33 Nos bled 69 67 50 43 127 85 128 109 136 164 99 97 126 129 128 111 144 132 117 68 66 54 2249 Nathan River April 2006 MVEV 3 3 2 10 6 2 26 KUNV 1 3 3 7 3 17 Nos bled 34 110 78 73 79 96 100 16 44 23 653 Tennant Creek February 1995 MVEV 7 7 10 8 12 6 1 1 1 17 4 6 3 83 KUNV 3 3 5 1 4 1 1 6 3 2 4 33 Nos bled 20 65 60 73 55 73 60 55 96 96 59 69 67 41 91 72 62 32 56 45 45 1292 Alice Springs November 1996 MVEV 7 5 8 2 2 24 AZRI KUNV 1 2 3 Nos bled 21 75 126 109 144 114 99 75 131 122 118 112 115 90 159 118 112 56 95 108 2099 Alice Springs January 2002 MVEV 4 4 Ilparpa KUNV 0 Nos bled 71 118 115 86 120 116 110 85 146 126 36 1129 Totals MVEV 8 44 8 4 21 2 20 27 26 17 2 2 12 15 11 5 52 5 15 8 0 2 3 309 KUNV 3 4 2 7 4 8 6 10 9 10 8 9 11 13 24 18 27 2 41 8 0 7 7 238 Nos bled 180 372 544 428 491 761 732 900 749 881 1013 824 822 976 1046 974 868 1265 1221 981 484 544 530 17586
Note: The program was revised in 2012, with sentinel chickens only bled between December and June Note: The Kakadu, Alyangula and Alice Springs Ilparpa flocks were discontinued in 2012.
F:\ENTO\ento_files\meb_programs\sentinel_flocks\chickens\summary_tables\conversions by year\serocon by years 92-15 Medical Entomology CDC DoH17/02/2016 TABLE 16:
Mosquito species collected in Nhulunbuy and Yirrkala by ME - all collection methods Mosquito species Mosquito species collected from 1975 to 2013/14 collected in 2014/15 Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ae. ( ? ) species 160 Ae. (Adm) alboscutellatus Ae. (Adm) alboscutellatus Ae. (Cha) elchoensis Ae. (Cha) elchoensis Ae. (Fin) britteni Ae. (Fin) britteni Ae. (Fin) kochi Ae. (Fin) kochi Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Mac) tremulus Ae. (Mac) nr species 121 Ae. (Mol) pecuniosus Ae. (Mac) species 121 Ae. (Och) phaecasiatus Ae. (Mac) species 125 Ae. (Och) vigilax Ae. (Mac) species 76 An. (Ano) bancroftii Ae. (Mac) tremulus An. (Cel) amictus Ae. (Mol) pecuniosus An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Ae. (Muc) alternans An. (Cel) farauti s.l. Ae. (Neo) lineatopennis An. (Cel) hilli Ae. (Och) eidsvoldensis * An. (Cel) meraukensis Ae. (Och) normanensis An. (Cel) novaguinensis Ae. (Och) phaecasiatus Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Ae. (Och) pseudonormanensis Cx. (Cui) pullus Ae. (Och) vigilax Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Ae. (Psk) bancroftianus Cx. (Cux) gelidus Ae. (Rhi) longirostris Cx. (Cux) palpalis Ae. (Stg) katherinensis Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Ae. daliensis Cx. (Cux) sitiens An. (Ano) bancroftii Cx. (Lop) hilli An. (Ano) powelli Ma. (Mnd) uniformis An. (Cel) amictus Tp. (Trp) magnesianus An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Ve. (Ver) funerea An. (Cel) farauti s.l. Ve. (Ver) reesi An. (Cel) hilli An. (Cel) meraukensis An. (Cel) novaguinensis Cq. (Coq) near crassipes Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cui) pullus Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Cx. (Cux) crinicauda Cx. (Cux) gelidus Cx. (Cux) palpalis Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Cx. (Cux) sitiens Cx. (Cux) species 32 Cx. (Cux) vicinus Cx. (Cux) Vishnui group Cx. (Lop) cubiculi Cx. (Lop) hilli Cx. (Lop) species 155 Cx. (Lop) species 167 Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchus Cx. (Ocu) squamosus Cx. (Ocu) starckeae Ho. ( ) species 157 Lu. (Met) halifaxii Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Mi. (Eto) elegans Mi. (Mim) chamberlaini metallica Ml. ( ) genurostris Tp. (Pol) punctolateralis Tp. (Trp) magnesianus Tx. (Tox) speciosus Ur. (Pfc) diagonalis Ur. (Ura) albescens Ur. (Ura) argyrotarsis Ur. (Ura) lateralis Ur. (Ura) moresbyensis Ur. (Ura) nivipes Ur. (Ura) novaguinensis Ur. (Ura) species 82 Ur. (Ura) tibialis Ve. (Ver) carmenti Ve. (Ver) funerea Ve. (Ver) reesi
* Requires confirmation
Note: Other species collected in the East Arnhem region include: Ae. ( )species 161 (Bartalumba Bay), Ae. (Fin) quasirubithorax (Numbulwar), Ae. (Mac) stoneorum (Nabarlek) and Ur. (Ura) species 156 (Alyangula)
Note: Aedes aegypti was detected on Groote Eylandt in 2006 and declared eliminated in 2008.
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Nhulunbuy\species_list_Nhulunbuy_Yirrkala_town_1415\species list_Nhul_Yirrkala_1415 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 17: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM NHULUNBUY. 1 JULY 2014 TO 30 JUNE 2015.
TOTAL NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE SIX CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.
TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES SITE NO. TRAP SITE TOTALS AVERAGE % NO. OF Ae. (Och) vigilax An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. An. (Cel) farauti s.l. An. (Cel) meraukensis Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Other PER TRAP SUCCESSFUL TRAP NIGHTS NIGHT
1 Contractors Village 170 4 55 1 115 877 2 281 1505 8 188.13 17.19
2 Rear Jasper 284 24 43 2 72 2087 47 93 2652 9 294.67 30.29
3 Buffalo Creek 919 65 22 4 10 66 1 119 1206 7 172.29 13.77
4 Wallaby Beach 783 7 192 0 1 638 0 386 2007 8 250.88 22.92
5 Nhulunbuy South 573 2 58 1 34 135 1 221 1025 10 102.50 11.71
6 Industrial Estate 160 0 3 0 3 12 1 182 361 8 45.13 4.12
TOTALS 2889 102 373 8 235 3815 52 1282 8756 50 175.12 100.00
AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 57.78 2.04 7.46 0.16 4.70 76.30 1.04 25.64 175.12
PERCENTAGE % 32.99 1.16 4.26 0.09 2.68 43.57 0.59 14.64 100.00
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Nhulunbuy\rain_disease_species_Nhul_1415\gmss1415 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 18: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM NHULUNBUY AVERAGE NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES
CAUGHT IN FIVE CONTINUOUS CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1994/95 TO 2014/15.
AVERAGE NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES COLLECTED PER TRAP NIGHT SPECIES 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 Ae. (Och) vigilax 14.45 75.69 35.18 44.26 84.29 43.45 32.97 95.74 65.02 98.65 135.04 105.34 66.36 50.62 42.59 52.07 130.94 169.37 322.96 61.66 48.73 An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. 1.74 1.85 2.27 3.07 1.39 1.30 1.60 4.82 3.38 3.39 3.87 2.16 1.98 3.56 11.47 6.62 5.91 4.04 5.54 8.91 6.61 An. (Cel) farauti s.l. 2.37 4.56 2.61 9.61 9.39 9.89 3.86 5.78 1.58 3.44 9.98 2.19 13.64 2.88 9.16 5.15 3.64 2.47 1.38 4.00 1.82 An. (Cel) meraukensis 0.69 0.77 0.80 0.54 0.81 0.45 1.14 0.33 0.24 0.96 1.60 0.69 1.08 1.04 2.34 1.14 0.66 0.27 0.04 0.21 0.14 Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster 1.59 3.10 3.29 1.69 7.66 3.14 8.00 4.61 5.32 22.21 16.59 9.37 23.63 8.46 21.39 17.17 85.24 15.08 3.63 10.61 4.14 Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* 19.74 24.39 26.30 36.52 39.25 34.05 37.67 100.55 115.81 52.83 81.96 73.59 43.09 52.54 95.79 136.56 116.34 66.52 98.16 73.07 67.91 Ma. (Mnd) uniformis 5.15 12.83 8.88 9.97 22.84 29.44 36.62 19.58 0.77 8.45 32.23 4.48 11.26 10.51 14.64 17.26 33.06 4.27 3.86 5.80 0.91 Other species 7.07 10.73 9.55 12.41 14.35 13.41 15.96 37.42 9.70 12.41 13.69 19.50 14.86 19.91 35.49 38.42 36.65 25.44 34.89 34.89 34.89
TOTALS 52.79 133.91 88.88 118.09 179.97 135.13 137.82 268.83 201.82 202.34 294.96 217.32 175.89 149.51 232.87 274.39 412.43 287.47 470.45 199.16 165.16
Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* includes Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis.
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Nhulunbuy\rain_disease_species_Nhul_1415\GMaver7sp94_15_(contin_sites) Medical Entomology CDC DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 19: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM NHULUNBUY TOTAL NUMBER OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE
SIX CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR YEARS 1990/91 TO 2014/15.
SITE TRAP SITE TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES COLLECTED PER YEAR NO. 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 1 Contractors Village N/S N/S N/S 2685 3745 3998 3666 3823 3326 3452 4350 19073 8401 8160 7557 6345 4629 5200 7022 4540 6375 2488 2903 2209 1505 2 Rear Jasper 6649 9522 6287 8630 3268 6829 6163 9015 12992 11128 14672 18719 16090 5458 8787 8478 7176 6589 7625 8859 13718 1638 3722 2228 2652 3 Buffalo Creek 5194 3980 2673 5311 1723 5477 2261 6226 6045 5121 4727 2889 2670 4517 4550 4102 3043 2633 1400 3976 4094 1087 1623 732 1206 4 Wallaby Beach 10236 8599 10531 10094 2770 13531 7892 7375 20780 11601 7647 14828 11019 16331 14744 9355 6143 9258 6456 8766 6754 13886 16504 4068 2007 5 Nhulunbuy South 2991 5438 3241 3739 1216 3911 2504 3909 3830 3021 1404 4172 2587 3169 4181 5187 3106 1588 1948 2396 5353 1886 1593 1736 1025 6 Industrial Estate N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S N/S 1249 2687 2194 2290 2933 1717 2714 1189 936 467 361
TOTALS 25070 27539 22732 30459 12722 33746 22486 30348 46973 34323 32800 59681 40767 37635 41068 36154 26291 27558 27384 30254 39008 22174 27281 11440 8756 TOTAL TRAP NIGHTS 184 179 203 222 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 153 177 160 169 125 127 106 88 67 61 50 AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 136.25 153.85 111.98 137.20 52.79 139.45 92.53 124.38 191.73 139.52 132.79 240.65 163.72 150.54 268.42 204.26 164.32 163.07 219.07 238.22 368.00 251.98 407.18 187.54 175.12 N/S = Traps Not set
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Nhulunbuy\rain_disease_species_Nhul_1415\GMTOTSP90_15_(all_monit_sites) Medical Entomology CDC DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 20:
Mosquito species collected on Groote Eylandt (Alyangula, Angurugu and Umbakumba) by ME - all collection methods. Mosquito species Mosquito species collected from 1977 to 2013/14 collected in 2014/15 Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ae. ( ) species 161 Ae. (Fin) kochi Ae. ( ? ) species 160 Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Adm) alboscutellatus Ae. (Mac) tremulus Ae. (Cha) elchoensis Ae. (Och) vigilax Ae. (Fin) kochi Ae. (Stg) katherinensis Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus An. (Cel) meraukensis Ae. (Mac) nr species 121 Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Ae. (Mac) species 121 Cx. (Cui) pullus Ae. (Mac) species 76 Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Ae. (Mac) tremulus Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Ae. (Mol) pecuniosus Cx. (Cux) sitiens Ae. (Muc) alternans Cx. (Cux) Vishnui group Ae. (Neo) lineatopennis Lu. (Met) halifaxii Ae. (Och) normanensis Tp. (Pol) punctolateralis Ae. (Och) phaecasiatus Ae. (Och) vigilax Ae. (Rhi) longirostris Ae. (Stg) aegypti* Ae. (Stg) katherinensis Ae. daliensis An. (Ano) bancroftii An. (Ano) powelli An. (Cel) amictus An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. An. (Cel) farauti s.l. An. (Cel) hilli An. (Cel) meraukensis An. (Cel) novaguinensis Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cui) pullus Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Cx. (Cux) crinicauda Cx. (Cux) gelidus Cx. (Cux) palpalis Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Cx. (Cux) sitiens Cx. (Cux) species 32 Cx. (Cux) vicinus Cx. (Cux) Vishnui group Cx. (Lop) cubiculi Cx. (Lop) hilli Cx. (Lop) species 155 Cx. (Lop) species 167 Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchus Cx. (Ocu) squamosus Ho. ( ) species 157 Lu. (Met) halifaxii Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Mi. (Eto) elegans Ml. ( ) genurostris Tp. (Pol) punctolateralis Tp. (Trp) magnesianus Tx. (Tox) speciosus Ur. (Pfc) diagonalis Ur. (Ura) albescens Ur. (Ura) lateralis Ur. (Ura) moresbyensis Ur. (Ura) nivipes Ur. (Ura) species 156 Ve. (Ver) funerea Ve. (Ver) reesi * Note: Ae. (Stg) aegypti was detected in Alyangula in October 2006, and declared eliminated in May 2008.
Note: For other mosquito species collected in the East Arnhem region see the Nhulunbuy and Yirrkala species list.
Medical Entomology CDC DoH F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Alyangula\species_list_Alyangula_Angur_Umbakum_1415 17/02/2016 TABLE 21: MOSQUITO MONITORNING PROGRAM ALYANGULA 1 JULY 2014 TO 30 JUNE 2015.
TOTAL NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.
TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES TOTALS NO. OF AVERAGE Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Och) vigilax An. (Cel) farauti s.l. Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Other SUCCESSFUL PER TRAP SITE NO. TRAP SITE TRAP NIGHTS NIGHT %
1 Mine Site 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00
2 Township Site 2 7 0 0 2 0 0 1 10 2 5.00 27.78
3 Alyangula Golf Course Site 3 2 2 0 0 7 0 15 26 2 13.00 72.22
TOTALS 9 2 0 2 7 0 16 36 4 9.00 100.00
AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 2.25 0.50 0.00 0.50 1.75 0.00 4.00 9.00
PERCENTAGE % 25.00 5.56 0.00 5.56 19.44 0.00 44.44 100.00
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Alyangula\rain_disease_species_Alyangula_1415\grootess1415 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 22: MOSQUITO MONITORNING PROGRAM ALYANGULA
AVERAGE NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THREE CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1995/96 TO 2014/15.
SPECIES AVERAGE NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES COLLECTED PER TRAP NIGHT 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus 2.18 3.03 2.26 10.00 5.89 3.21 0.84 2.50 2.89 1.56 4.26 5.26 0.37 0.46 0.62 0.63 0.51 0.61 0.52 n/a Ae. (Och) vigilax 9.27 15.94 16.34 14.44 1.84 4.13 9.58 43.20 37.48 3.56 16.28 9.64 11.11 17.98 4.41 1.23 7.93 5.00 9.18 n/a An. (Cel) farauti s.l. 0.76 0.14 0.29 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.89 1.85 2.38 1.05 0.48 0.41 0.36 0.20 1.85 0.31 0.30 0.16 0.09 n/a Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster 0.79 0.06 0.23 1.23 0.64 1.19 1.32 1.31 0.75 0.37 0.29 0.13 0.41 0.07 0.15 0.38 0.85 0.43 0.09 n/a Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* 3.06 1.66 5.14 2.35 2.52 2.68 2.89 7.11 5.09 1.97 6.26 2.53 1.74 2.05 2.59 0.15 1.34 1.00 0.61 n/a Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus 8.61 13.54 10.57 4.33 11.43 10.34 5.63 20.50 10.42 7.18 1.69 14.40 9.50 10.76 4.18 2.21 1.34 1.43 1.00 n/a Other species 2.67 1.94 4.34 7.28 6.02 2.79 3.21 10.46 11.00 4.84 9.26 6.43 4.00 4.05 5.38 6.56 3.67 9.10 1.48 n/a
TOTALS 27.33 36.31 39.17 39.81 28.55 24.53 24.37 86.94 70.02 20.53 38.52 38.80 27.50 35.56 19.18 11.46 15.95 17.73 12.97 n/a
Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* includes Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis. Note: In 2014/15 trapping was very limited due to staff unavailabillity (see table 21)
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Alyangula\rain_disease_species_Alyangula_1415\groote_aver6sp90_15 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 25/02/2016 TABLE 23: MOSQUITO MONITORNING PROGRAM ALYANGULA 1 JULY 1995 TO 30 JUNE 2015.
TOTAL NUMBER OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.
SITE TRAP SITE TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES COLLECTED PER YEAR NO. 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 1 Mine Site 1 233 448 466 249 537 546 172 1711 1470 821 393 1236 880 623 260 236 290 365 128 0 2 Township Site 2 195 403 425 780 336 203 86 1417 1193 86 573 746 400 520 225 227 634 293 212 10 3 Alyangula Golf Course Site 3 474 420 480 683 383 404 205 1567 1818 366 1538 734 645 315 167 87 109 211 88 26
TOTALS 902 1271 1371 1712 1256 1153 463 4695 4481 1273 2504 2716 1925 1458 652 550 1033 869 428 36 TOTAL TRAP NIGHTS 33 35 35 43 44 47 19 54 64 62 65 70 70 41 34 48 61 49 33 4
AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 27.33 36.31 39.17 39.81 28.55 24.53 24.37 86.94 70.02 20.53 38.52 38.80 27.50 35.56 19.18 11.46 16.93 17.73 12.97 9.00
Note: In 2014/15 trapping was very limited due to staff unavailability.
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Alyangula\rain_disease_species_Alyangula_1415\grooteTOTSP90_15 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 24:
Mosquito species collected in Katherine town by ME - all collection methods Mosquito species Mosquito species collected from 1977 to 2013/14 collected in 2014/15 Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ae. ( ? ) species 160 Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Adm) alboscutellatus Ae. (Mac) tremulus Ae. (Cha) elchoensis Ae. (Muc) alternans Ae. (Cha) wattensis Ae. (Och) normanensis Ae. (Fin) britteni Ae. (Och) vigilax Ae. (Fin) kochi An. (Cel) amictus Ae. (Fin) mallochi An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Ae. (Mac) nr species 121 Cx. (Cui) pullus Ae. (Mac) species 121 Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Ae. (Mac) species 76 Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Ae. (Mac) stoneorum Cx. (Cux) Vishnui group Ae. (Mac) tremulus Cx. (Lop) hilli Ae. (Mol) pecuniosus Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Ae. (Muc) alternans Tp. (Pol) punctolateralis Ae. (Neo) lineatopennis Ae. (Och) eidsvoldensis Ae. (Och) normanensis Ae. (Och) phaecasiatus Ae. (Och) pseudonormanensis Ae. (Och) sapiens Ae. (Och) species 159 Ae. (Och) vigilax Ae. (Och) vittiger Ae. (Psk) bancroftianus Ae. (Stg) katherinensis An. (Ano) bancroftii An. (Ano) powelli An. (Cel) amictus An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. An. (Cel) farauti s.l. An. (Cel) hilli An. (Cel) meraukensis An. (Cel) novaguinensis Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cui) pullus Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Cx. (Cux) australicus * Cx. (Cux) crinicauda Cx. (Cux) gelidus Cx. (Cux) palpalis Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Cx. (Cux) sitiens Cx. (Cux) species 32 Cx. (Cux) vicinus Cx. (Cux) Vishnui group Cx. (Lop) hilli Cx. (Lop) species 155 Cx. (Lop) species 167 Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchus Cx. (Ocu) squamosus Cx. (Ocu) starckeae Lu. (Met) halifaxii Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Mi. (Eto) elegans Mi. (Mim) chamberlaini metallica Tp. (Pol) punctolateralis Tp. (Trp) magnesianus Ur. (Ura) albescens Ur. (Ura) nivipes Ve. (Ver) funerea Ve. (Ver) reesi * Requires confirmation Note: Other species collected in the Katherine region include: Ae. (Fin) quasirubithorax s.l., Ae. (Mac) species 125, Ae. (Mac) species 126, Ae. (Mac) species 70, Ae. (Mac) species 71, Ae. daliensis, Cq. (Coq) near crassipes, Cx. (Cux) species 92, Ho. ( ) species 157 and Ur. (Ura) argyrotarsis. Note: Ae. aegypti was collected in Larrimah in Feb 1980 and subsequently eliminated.
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Katherine\species list_Katherine town_1415\species list_Kath_town_1415 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 25: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM KATHERINE. 1 JULY 2014 TO 30 JUNE 2015.
TOTAL NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE FOUR CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.
SITE NO. TRAP SITE TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES TOTALS NO. OF AVERAGE % Ae. (Och) normanensis Ae. (Och) vigilax An. (Cel) amictus An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Cx. (Cui) pullus Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Other SUCCESSFUL PER TRAP TRAP NIGHTS NIGHT
1 Dairy Dam 20 0 1 0 7 48 3 5 84 5 16.80 17.95
2 Meatworks 146 0 3 2 0 8 18 6 183 5 36.60 39.10
3 Katherine Sewage Ponds 9 1 6 5 0 19 1 36 77 5 15.40 16.45
4 O'Keefe Residence 5 4 0 11 20 7 5 72 124 6 20.67 26.50
TOTALS 180 5 10 18 27 82 27 119 468 21 22.29 100.00
AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 8.57 0.24 0.48 0.86 1.29 3.90 1.29 5.67 22.29
PERCENTAGE % 38.46 1.07 2.14 3.85 5.77 17.52 5.77 25.43 100.00
Note: In 2014/15 trapping was very limited due to staff vacancies.
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Katherine\rain_disease_species_Kath_1415\kmss1415 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 26: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM KATHERINE 1 JULY 1990 TO 30 JUNE 2015
AVERAGE NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN THE 3 CONTINUOUS CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS
SPECIES AVERAGE NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES COLLECTED PER TRAP NIGHT 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 Ae. (Och) normanensis 2.50 0.26 8.03 1.28 3.51 4.03 4.60 0.55 1.36 3.05 6.02 2.01 1.24 11.03 1.87 15.16 2.50 0.49 7.66 11.36 16.69 41.18 2.87 191.38 11.67 Ae. (Och) vigilax 1.34 0.26 0.60 1.17 1.41 0.09 0.51 0.30 2.15 1.37 0.13 0.34 0.66 2.09 0.05 0.61 0.53 0.65 0.97 0.69 0.15 5.04 0.8 0.77 0.07 An. (Cel) amictus 63.16 2.93 10.34 7.77 2.89 5.78 7.60 6.93 7.01 3.95 3.53 3.92 1.58 1.80 4.65 12.53 1.86 1.52 5.27 4.72 22.42 101.50 2.33 5.62 0.67 An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. 1.24 0.15 0.87 0.94 0.49 0.34 2.35 3.31 0.50 0.88 0.25 0.34 0.39 2.25 1.02 2.66 0.34 0.48 1.66 0.49 2.69 0.96 0.13 0.85 0.47 Cx. (Cui) pullus 4.58 0.15 2.43 5.66 16.52 0.59 8.69 18.32 7.25 22.53 50.96 33.66 19.42 38.17 1.40 134.59 12.19 40.46 48.90 54.15 18.19 1.93 4.93 4.54 0.47 Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* 196.34 30.43 129.91 88.95 107.84 25.69 65.93 117.62 37.60 59.62 60.75 207.29 41.64 55.17 8.56 84.69 23.36 57.89 45.37 39.49 28.58 27.04 0.00 155.38 5.00 Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus 2.84 0.98 0.87 1.45 1.82 1.09 2.94 1.26 1.28 1.37 4.34 5.91 1.80 17.01 6.16 6.36 12.03 11.35 5.57 1.15 0.38 0.46 1.6 0.38 1.47 Other species 2.87 0.67 1.00 0.55 2.53 1.34 2.69 0.81 5.39 14.72 22.15 13.21 3.09 9.05 3.50 69.85 7.86 6.33 21.91 6.46 11.23 6.21 0.8 5.08 3.13
TOTALS 274.87 35.85 154.06 107.77 137.01 38.97 95.32 149.11 62.54 107.49 148.13 266.68 69.83 136.58 27.21 326.46 60.67 119.17 137.30 118.51 100.35 184.32 13.47 364.00 22.93
Note: Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* includes Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis. Note: Continuous trap sites includes Dairy Dam, Meatworks and Katherine Sewage Ponds Note: Since 2010 trapping is only conducted in the wet season between October and May Note: In 2013/14 trapping was conducted between December and May. Note: In 2014/15 trapping was very limited due to staff unavailability (see table 25)
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Katherine\rain_disease_species_Kath_1415\KMaver7sp90_15_(3Continsites) Medical Entomology CDC DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 27: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM KATHERINE. 1 JULY 1990 TO 30 JUNE 2015
TOTAL NUMBER OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS
SITE TRAP SITE TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES COLLECTED PER YEAR NO. 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15
1 Dairy Billabong 8959 2218 3956 3700 5487 275 3656 3975 2458 8619 11106 10681
2 Dairy Dam 4218 405 3042 2537 6166 620 2779 1858 1667 3635 4108 13905 2386 3408 756 8400 736 3609 3914 3508 596 745 53 1723 84
3 Meatworks 491 731 5983 2640 2046 1146 1973 4108 1604 1641 1583 2817 505 4224 544 10887 1536 2640 3266 427 764 1197 61 1550 183
4 Katherine Sewage Ponds 5736 513 1759 1720 1790 728 2111 5068 1232 3108 8085 3546 2416 2748 387 4871 1611 1259 2019 687 1249 3219 88 1459 77
5 Hickey's Farm 2271 887 1507 2388 70 6970 435 1081 541 237 425
6 O'Keefe residence 204 1801 1567 974 5481 761 1229 673 296 526 527 158 536 124
7 Second Street - Govt. Centre. 21 417 183 412 186 45
TOTALS 19404 3867 14740 10597 15489 2769 10519 15009 6961 17003 27153 32040 8615 14335 2752 37026 5262 10230 10599 5333 3560 5688 360 5268 468 TOTAL TRAP NIGHTS 55 62 94 83 97 85 97 99 97 105 135 105 107 109 90 137 112 113 97 68 42 39 20 19 21
AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 352.80 62.37 156.81 127.67 159.68 32.58 108.44 151.61 71.76 161.93 201.13 305.14 80.51 131.51 30.58 270.26 46.98 90.53 109.27 78.43 84.76 145.85 18.00 277.26 22.29
Note: Since 2010 trapping is only conducted in the wet season between October and May
Note: In 2013/14 trapping was conducted between December and May. Note: Hickeys Lake trap not set since 2011/12 as the area no longer floods and is used for hoticulture.
Note: In 2014/15 trapping was very limited due to staff unavailability.
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Katherine\rain_disease_species_Kath_1415\KMTOTSP90_15_Allsites Medical Entomology CDC DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 28:
Mosquito species collected from Tennant Creek town by ME - all collection methods Mosquito species Mosquito species collected from 1973 to 2013/14 collected in 2014/15 Ae. ( ? ) species 160 Ae. (Mac) species nr 147? Ae. (Fin) mallochi Ae. (Mac) tremulus Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus * Ae. (Muc) alternans Ae. (Mac) nr species 121 Ae. (Och) normanensis Ae. (Mac) species 121 Ae. (Och) pseudonormanensis Ae. (Mac) species 125 Ae. (Och) vigilax Ae. (Mac) species 76 An. (Cel) amictus Ae. (Mac) species nr 147? An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Ae. (Mac) tremulus An. (Cel) hilli Ae. (Muc) alternans Cx. (Cui) pullus Ae. (Neo) lineatopennis Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Ae. (Och) eidsvoldensis Cx. (Cux) gelidus Ae. (Och) normanensis Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Ae. (Och) pseudonormanensis Cx. (Lop) kuhnsi ? *** Ae. (Och) species 159 Lu. (Met) halifaxii Ae. (Och) species 71 Ae. (Och) species 85 Ae. (Och) vigilax Ae. (Och) vittiger Ae. (Psk) bancroftianus Ae. (Stg) aegypti ** Ae. (Stg) katherinensis An. (Ano) bancroftii An. (Cel) amictus An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. An. (Cel) hilli An. (Cel) novaguinensis # Cx. (Cui) pullus Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Cx. (Cux) australicus Cx. (Cux) crinicauda Cx. (Cux) gelidus Cx. (Cux) palpalis Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Cx. (Cux) Vishnui group ## Cx. (Lop) sp. ?cubiculi ### Cx. (Lop) cylindricus Cx. (Lop) species 155 ^ Cx. (Ocu) bitaeniorhynchus Cx. (Ocu) starckeae Lu. (Met) halifaxii Tp. (Pol) punctolateralis Ve. (Ver) reesi * Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus has not been collected in Tennant Creek town since the Ae. aegypti elimination program in 2004. ** Established in Tennant Creek in 2004 - 2006 and 2011 - 2014 - now eliminated. # Known from a single damaged specimen - confirmation required. ## Features rubbed - confirmation required. ### Tentatively identified as Cx. (Lop) cubiculi - collected 7/2/2014 - confirmation required. ᶺ Collected for the first time in the Barkly region on 21/3/14 - confirmation required. ***Cx (lop) kuhnsi collected for the first time 06/03/15 -confirmation required.
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Tennant Creek\species_list_Tennant_town_1415\species list_Tennant_town_1415 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 29: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM TENNANT CREEK 1 JULY 2014 TO 30 JUNE 2015.
TOTAL NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.
TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES SITE NO. TRAP SITE TOTALS NO. OF AVERAGE % Ae. notoscriptus Ae. normanensis An. amictus Cx. annulirostris Cx. quinquefasciatus Other SUCCESSFUL PER TRAP NIGHTS TRAP NIGHT
1 Tennant Creek Sewage Ponds 0 378 18 883 0 284 1563 5 312.60 100.00
TOTALS 0 378 18 883 0 284 1563 5 312.60 100.00
AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 0.00 75.60 3.60 176.6 0.00 56.80 312.60
PERCENTAGE % 0.00 24.18 1.15 56.49 0.00 18.17 100.00
Note: Trapping was carried out between January 2014 and June 2015 Note: Ae. notoscriptus not collected in Tennant Creek town since the Ae. aegypti elimination program in 2004.
Note: The sewerage ponds site is the only remaining routine CO2 site. Roving BG traps in town have replaced other CO2 traps sites to enhance exotic mosquito surveillance.
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Tennant Creek\rain_disease_species_Tennant_1415 Medical Entomology DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 30: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM TENNANT CREEK AVERAGE NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN 3 CONTINUOUS CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2013/14.
SPECIES AVERAGE NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES COLLECTED PER TRAP NIGHT 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 Ae. (Och) normanensis 11.00 0.00 20.74 9.17 3.67 n/a 6.40 1.17 n/a 15.90 439.76 28.76 94.35 56.52 0.13 9.31 5.35 0.48 1021.38 n/a 243.67 n/a 0.61 9.38 Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.56 n/a 3.00 0.25 n/a 7.57 19.15 2.04 0.50 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 n/a 0.00 n/a 0.00 0.00 An. (Cel) amictus 71.50 0.08 2.64 2.13 0.00 n/a 57.20 1.88 n/a 2.10 3.91 0.67 16.65 0.74 0.88 6.97 13.41 1.65 21.54 n/a 1.00 n/a 0.00 0.38 Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp* 86.00 3.00 44.26 5.97 1.11 n/a 75.60 9.21 n/a 118.33 744.18 29.33 130.35 12.26 1.86 24.26 21.19 25.25 86.85 n/a 90.33 n/a 2.33 14.49 Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus 0.50 0.83 18.31 7.10 17.78 n/a 14.60 7.88 n/a 5.29 3.33 2.41 14.70 7.48 1.00 3.91 8.04 1.35 10.85 n/a 7.93 n/a 2.77 8.84 Other species 4.25 0.42 2.79 0.50 0.44 n/a 8.60 0.33 n/a 28.33 6.64 2.33 4.08 9.37 0.95 24.86 3.82 3.65 8.08 n/a 9.40 n/a 0.19 1.36
TOTALS 173.25 4.33 88.74 25.03 23.56 0.00 165.40 20.71 n/a 177.52 1216.97 65.54 260.63 86.63 4.82 69.31 51.82 32.38 1148.69 n/a 352.33 n/a 5.89 34.45
Note: Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp.* includes Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis. Note: No traps set for 1995/96, 1998/99, 2009/10 and 2011/12 Note: Continuous trap sites include, Turner St, Hospital Grounds and Tennant Creek Sewage Ponds. The Turner steet trap was previously located at Kittle Street (2008/09-2012/13) and Ford Crescent (prior to 2008/09). Due to their close proximity, the data from these previous sites is included. Note: Trapping is generally conducted in the wet season only but was conducted regularly in 2013/14 due to ME presence in Tennant Creek for the Ae. aegypti elimination program.
Note: Data for 2014/15 not availalble due to reduction of CO2 traps
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Tennant Creek\rain_disease_species_Tennant_1415\TMaver3sp90_14contin Medical Entomology DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 31: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM TENNANT CREEK TOTAL NUMBER OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL WEEKLY CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2014/15
SITE TRAP SITE TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES COLLECTED PER YEAR NO. 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15
1 Turner Street 0 0 762 128 83 n/a 60 103 n/a 907 4263 404 1429 377 80 995 573 152 6 n/a 66 n/a 57 211 n/a
2 Hospital Grounds 1 18 519 148 89 n/a 125 126 n/a 742 5700 222 2355 359 47 566 547 128 1405 n/a 585 n/a 44 239 n/a
3 Tennant Creek Sewage Ponds 692 34 2446 475 40 n/a 642 268 n/a 2079 30197 2389 6641 1603 244 5924 2404 1015 13522 n/a 4634 n/a 276 1927 1563
TOTALS 693 52 3727 751 212 n/a 827 497 n/a 3728 40160 3015 10425 2339 371 7485 3524 1295 14933 n/a 5285 n/a 377 2377 1563 TOTAL TRAP NIGHTS 4 12 42 30 9 n/a 5 24 n/a 21 33 46 40 27 77 108 68 40 13 n/a 15 n/a 64 69 5
AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 173.25 4.33 88.74 25.03 23.56 n/a 165.40 20.71 n/a 177.52 1216.97 65.54 260.63 86.63 4.82 69.31 51.82 32.38 1148.69 n/a 352.33 n/a 5.89 34.45 312.60 Note: No traps set for 1995/96, 1998/99, 2009/10 and 2011/12 Note: The Turner Street trap was previously located at Kittle Street (2008/09-2012/13) and Ford Crescent (prior to 2008/09). Due to their close proximity, the data from these previous sites is included.
Note: EVS CO2 trapping at Turner Street and Hospital Grounds ceased on 30 April 2014 following the Ae. aegypti eliination program. The Turner and Hospital Grounds routine traps were replaced by roving BG traps.
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Tennant Creek\rain_disease_species_Tennant_1415\TMTOTSP_90_15 Medical Entomology DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 32:
Mosquito species collected in Alice Springs town by ME all collection methods. Mosquito species Mosquito species collected from 1973 until 2013/14 collected in 2014/15 Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Fin) alboannulatus Ae. (Mac) species nr 147? Ae. (Fin) mallochi Ae. (Mac) tremulus Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Muc) alternans Ae. (Mac) nr species 121 Ae. (Och) eidsvoldensis Ae. (Mac) species 121 Ae. (Och) normanensis Ae. (Mac) species 125 Ae. (Och) pseudonormanensis Ae. (Mac) species 126 Ae. (Och) species 71 Ae. (Mac) species nr 147? Ae. (Och) species 85 Ae. (Mac) tremulus Ae. (Och) species 159 Ae. (Muc) alternans Ae. (Och) vigilax Ae. (Och) eidsvoldensis Ae. (Psk) bancroftianus Ae. (Och) normanensis An. (Cel) amictus Ae. (Och) pseudonormanensis An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Ae. (Och) sagax Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Ae. (Och) sapiens Cx. (Cux) australicus Ae. (Och) species 159 Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Ae. (Och) species 71 Cx. (Lop) cylindricus Ae. (Och) species 85 Ae. (Och) vigilax Ae. (Och) vittiger Ae. (Psk) bancroftianus Ae. (Stg) katherinensis An. (Ano) bancroftii An. (Cel) amictus An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Cq. (Coq) linealis * Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cui) pullus Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Cx. (Cux) australicus Cx. (Cux) gelidus Cx. (Cux) globocoxitus Cx. (Cux) palpalis Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Cx. (Cux) species 92 Cx. (Lop) cubiculi ** Cx. (Lop) cylindricus Cx. (Ocu) starckeae Tp. (Pol) punctolateralis * Cq. (Coq) linealis was collected for the first time in Alice Springs on 8th December 2011 in the Swamp B trap. ** Requires confirmation.
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_information\annual_reports\anrp_2009_10\reg anrp 0910\Darwin\species_list_Alice Springs_town_1415\species list_Alice town_1415 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 33: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM ALICE SPRINGS. 1 JULY 2014 TO 30 JUNE 2015.
TOTAL NUMBER OF SELECTED SPECIES OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.
NO. OF TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES SUCCESSFUL AVERAGE An. (Cel) amictus An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Cx. (Cux) australicus Cx. (Cux) globocoxitus Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Other TRAP PER TRAP SITE NO. TRAP SITE TOTALS NIGHTS NIGHT %
1 Ilparpa Swamp A 105 10 290 8 0 42 6 461 28 16.46 24.48
2 Ilparpa Swamp B 27 13 232 43 0 20 5 340 27 12.59 18.06
3 Bloomfield Street 2 3 2 11 0 143 7 168 31 5.42 8.92
4 Old Timers 11 0 44 1 0 92 3 151 32 4.72 8.02
5 Lilliecrapp Road 81 5 98 0 0 23 17 224 31 7.23 11.90
6 Greatorex Road 229 14 220 7 0 12 57 539 30 17.97 28.62
TOTALS 455 45 886 70 0 332 95 1883 179 10.52 100.00
AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 2.54 0.25 4.95 0.39 0.00 1.85 0.53 10.52
PERCENTAGE % 24.16 2.39 47.05 3.72 0.00 17.63 5.05 100.00
Note: trapping moved from fornightly to weekly in October 2014.
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Alice Springs\rain_disease_species_AliceSprings_1415\amss1415 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 34: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM ALICE SPRINGS AVERAGE NUMBERS OF SELECTED SPECIES CAUGHT IN THE CONTINUOUS CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2014/15.
SPECIES AVERAGE NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES COLLECTED PER TRAP NIGHT 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 An. (Cel) amictus 1.02 0.30 0.18 1.45 0.55 0.00 39.09 0.09 0.16 10.62 15.56 4.31 3.61 0.44 0.05 0.08 1.32 0.21 0.27 0.88 2.31 0.52 0.03 0.06 1.23 An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. 29.34 16.71 13.94 27.73 19.44 2.97 10.78 1.22 15.95 8.82 12.70 0.90 2.49 2.65 0.54 0.09 0.28 0.17 0.50 0.77 3.54 0.63 0.03 0.15 0.22 Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp* 98.01 28.84 30.13 23.59 129.59 4.21 116.63 6.38 76.32 315.48 433.47 96.79 67.42 23.75 0.60 0.62 12.88 7.17 9.39 28.65 35.67 11.99 0.40 0.61 4.81 Cx. (Cux) australicus 158.95 12.89 31.54 47.20 32.45 22.44 12.10 9.40 19.18 10.75 1.03 1.04 1.89 14.85 0.37 2.75 0.84 1.24 1.26 1.58 4.83 1.98 0.62 1.54 0.53 Cx. (Cux) globocoxitus 20.76 439.82 78.54 45.18 25.02 91.97 25.89 26.49 259.82 116.90 162.29 212.52 81.09 100.48 75.75 10.15 0.12 0.00 0.02 0.33 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus 468.91 27.96 14.69 13.28 27.95 7.25 9.58 4.26 4.42 12.63 4.04 5.51 5.58 5.96 1.33 6.01 3.46 3.03 16.08 5.60 3.28 1.33 0.81 4.73 2.52 Other species 0.40 8.02 1.35 1.34 2.00 0.19 1.06 0.31 0.79 8.79 7.44 2.81 2.41 1.15 0.12 0.74 0.51 0.18 0.21 1.71 3.32 1.38 0.11 0.08 0.18
TOTALS 777.39 534.54 170.36 159.78 236.99 129.04 215.14 48.16 376.63 483.99 636.51 323.89 164.48 149.28 78.75 20.43 19.42 11.99 27.73 39.53 52.98 17.84 1.99 7.17 9.49
*Cx. (Cux) annulirostris grp includes: Cx. annulirostris and Cx. palpalis.
Note: Mosquitoes included in the table are female mosquitoes only Note: Trapping moved from weekly to fornightly in April 2014
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Alice Springs\rain_disease_species_AliceSprings_1415\AMaver6sp90_15_(contin_sites) Medical Entomology CDC DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 35: MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM ALICE SPRINGS TOTAL NUMBERS OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR FINANCIAL YEARS 1990/91 TO 2014/15.
SITE TRAP SITE TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES COLLECTED PER YEAR NO. 1990/91 1991/92 1992/93 1993/94 1994/95 1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15
1 Swamp A 48077 29732 18183 8418 4862 8353 10788 1630 25480 17755 40127 26737 20221 18497 9316 1412 1812 846 2344 3210 5011 1525 73 247 461
2 Swamp B 74229 57547 9273 16834 26602 11146 21131 6096 33337 62831 75104 25080 9466 7030 2781 857 1301 1033 504 3604 1944 1153 137 159 340
3 Bloomfield Street 2026 4138 1769 2076 2770 1320 1738 695 956 1546 2015 2607 1138 1442 454 1243 571 286 1062 512 598 155 74 168 168
4 Old Timers 7825 9077 2802 780 4089 3170 6117 905 4578 7683 9057 9710 2417 2153 3278 553 141 209 1441 738 1242 182 32 508 151
5 Lilliecrapp Road 4580 10729 6111 18204 1398 6953 25330 21186 10664 1501 2525 2347 1435 149 118 462 495 3011 172 53 117 224
6 Greatorex Road 3088 12194 907 15540 36385 35686 25159 6884 9285 8595 2175 613 262 1999 5957 5811 663 50 63 539
7 5 Mcminn Street 44 11
TOTALS 132157 100494 32027 32688 49052 33188 70172 11631 86844 151530 183175 99957 41627 40932 26815 7686 4587 2754 7812 14516 17617 3850 419 1262 1883
TOTAL TRAP NIGHTS 170 188 188 218 200 255 267 292 255 284 300 299 302 291 345 302 296 297 288 310 253 251 236 225 179
AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 777.39 534.54 170.36 149.94 245.26 130.15 262.82 39.83 340.56 533.56 610.58 334.30 137.84 140.66 77.72 25.45 15.50 9.27 27.13 46.83 69.63 15.34 1.78 5.61 10.52 Lilliecrapp Road commenced 28/7/1993 Greatorex Road commenced 4/10/1995 5 Mcminn Street commenced 13/10/2004, ceased July 2005.
Note: trapping moved from weekly to fornightly in April 2014.
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\reg anrp 1415\Alice Springs\rain_disease_species_AliceSprings_1415\AMTOTSP_monit_sites_90_15 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 36: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXOTIC MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN 1 JULY 2014 to 30 JUNE 2015
TOTAL NUMBER OF FEMALE MOSQUITOES CAUGHT IN ALL WEEKLY CO2 BAITED EVS MOSQUITO TRAPS.
TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES
NO. OF SITE AVERAGE TRAP SITE TOTAL SUCCESSFUL % NO. PER TRAP TRAP NIGHTS Cx. (Cux) sitiens (Cux) Cx. Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ae. (Adm) alboscutellatus Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus species (Mac) Ae. tremulus (Mac) Ae. vigilax (Och) Ae. Ae. daliensis An. (Ano) bancroftii An. (Cel) hilli Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cui) pullus Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Cx. (Cux) gelidus Cx. (Cux) palpalis Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus Cx. (Cux) group Vishnui Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Mi. (Eto) elegans funerea (Ver) Ve.
QM FRA (RAAF) - Fighter Replenishment Apron 2 1 5 1 14 219 1 2 0 1571 3 1696 1 1 71 72 14 25 2 1 3702 48 77.13 93.89
QM FHW (Fort Hill Wharf) 9 0 1 0 2 80 0 0 1 0 0 129 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 226 52 4.35 5.73
QM APL7 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 15 52 0.29 0.38
TOTALS 11 1 6 1 16 301 1 3 2 1572 3 1833 1 1 73 73 14 26 2 3 3943 152 25.94 100.00
AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 0.07 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.11 1.98 0.01 0.02 0.01 10.34 0.02 12.06 0.01 0.01 0.48 0.48 0.09 0.17 0.01 0.02 25.94
PERCENTAGE % 0.28 0.03 0.15 0.03 0.41 7.63 0.03 0.08 0.05 39.87 0.08 46.49 0.03 0.03 1.85 1.85 0.36 0.66 0.05 0.08 100.00
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\37_quarantine adults 1415\QM darwin_CO2 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 37: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE EXOTIC MOSQUITO MONITORING PROGRAM DARWIN 1 JULY 2014 TO 30 JUNE 2015. TOTAL FEMALE MOSQUITOES IN ALL WEEKLY CO2 BAITED BIOGENTS SENTINEL MOSQUITO TRAPS.
TOTAL NUMBER OF MOSQUITOES
NO. OF SITE AVERAGE TRAP SITE TOTAL SUCCESSFUL % NO. PER TRAP TRAP NIGHTS Ad. (Ady) catasticta Ae. (Fin) kochi Ae. (Fin) notoscriptus Ae. (Mac) nr species 121 (Mac)Ae. species Ae. (Mac) tremulus Ae. (Och) vigilax Ae. (Rhi) longirostris Ae. (Stg) aegypti * Ae. daliensis An. (Ano) bancroftii An. (Cel) annulipes s.l. s.l. farauti (Cel) An. hilli (Cel) An. (Cel) speciesAn. Cq. (Coq) xanthogaster Cx. (Cux) annulirostris Cx. (Cux) gelidus Cx. (Cux) palpalis Cx. (Cux) quinquefasciatus sitiens (Cux) Cx. species (Cux) Cx. Cx. (Cux) Vishnui group Cx. (Lop) cubiculi Cx. (Lop) hilli species (Lop) Cx. Cx. (Lop) species 167 Ma. (Mnd) uniformis Mi. (Eto) elegans metallica chamberlaini (Mim) Mi. mosquitoes unidentifiable (damaged) Ur. (Ura) albescens lateralis (Ura) Ur. moresbyensis (Ura) Ur. Ur. (Ura) nivipes species (Ura) Ur. (Ver)Ve. funerea
BG1 QM BG1 Backloading Shed, TOLL (Perkins), Frances Bay Dv 5 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 7 4 0 0 3075 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3102 10 310.20 17.23
BG2 QM BG2 Quarantine shed (international wharf), TOLL (Perkins), Frances Bay Dv 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 1174 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1191 10 119.10 6.62
BG3 QM BG3 Baker Hughes, East Arm Wharf 2 0 0 0 1 6 551 0 0 2 2 0 0 26 0 6 133 0 0 191 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 969 38 25.50 5.38
BG4 QM BG4, East Arm Wharf 1 0 5 1 0 23 89 0 2 2 6 0 0 56 0 34 96 0 0 4941 5 0 2 0 1 0 0 15 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5284 50 105.68 29.36
BG5 QM BG5, Airport SRA Baggage tunnel 1 0 0 0 0 1 8 1 0 6 1 0 0 1 0 1 7 4 0 36 3 0 2 4 0 0 6 0 1 1 0 2 5 1 18 1 0 111 52 2.13 0.62
BG6 QM BG6 MHS (RAAF), (AQIS adult routine monitoring site) 1 1 260 0 1 106 284 0 0 1 7 0 1 16 0 313 148 0 1 6075 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 4 0 7232 50 144.64 40.18
BG8 QM BG8, East Arm Wharf 0 0 0 0 1 2 19 0 1 1 0 0 0 18 2 0 3 0 0 18 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 29 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 0 1 111 49 2.27 0.62
TOTALS 10 1 265 1 3 140 954 1 3 15 16 1 1 117 2 361 403 4 1 15510 62 1 4 4 1 1 6 58 2 4 1 2 7 1 29 5 3 18000 259 69.50 100.00
AVERAGE PER TRAP NIGHT 0.04 0.00 1.02 0.00 0.01 0.54 3.68 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.01 1.39 1.56 0.02 0.00 59.88 0.24 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.22 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.11 0.02 0.01 69.50
PERCENTAGE % 0.06 0.01 1.47 0.01 0.02 0.78 5.30 0.01 0.02 0.08 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.65 0.01 2.01 2.24 0.02 0.01 86.17 0.34 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.32 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.16 0.03 0.02 100.00
*Both detections were respondend to with enhanbced surveillance and control
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\37_quarantine adults 1415\QM darwin_BG Medical Entomology CDC DoH 25/02/2016 TABLE 38:
MALARIA NOTIFICATIONS IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY 1 JULY 2014 TO 30 JUNE 2015
LOCATION OF FIRST FEVER IN NT LOCATION OF NUMBER NUMBER OF NUMBER PARASITE SPECIES FIRST FEVER OF CASES ENTOMOLOGICAL REQUIRING P. falciparum P. vivax P. ovale P. malariae INVESTIGATIONS MOSQUITO CONTROL Bakewell 1 1 1 Coconut Grove 1 1 Driver 1 1 Karama 1 1 Katherine 1 1 Moil 1 1 The Gardens 2 2 Tiwi 1 1 Yirrkala 1 1 1 TOTAL 10 3 5 0 2 1 1
F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\38_Malcas1415 Medical Entomology CDC DoH 17/02/2016 TABLE 39: INTERCEPTION OF EXOTIC MOSQUITOES IN NORTHERN TERRITORY SEAPORTS JULY 2000 - JUNE 2015
1: PORT OF ORIGIN
PORT OF ORIGIN 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 TOTAL
Indonesia 17 8 27 9 24 8 1 5 2 1BG 0 0 0 0 0 102
East Timor 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 14
Singapore 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 7
Singapore/East Timor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2BG 2BG 1BG 1BG 1, 2BG 0 9
Other 2* 2 4 0 2 0 1* 0 0 0 0 0 1BG 0 3 15
TOTAL INTERCEPTIONS 29 10 34 10 26 9 3 5 3 4 3 3 2 3 3 147 Other = China, Japan, Malaysia, Philipines, USA, Vietnam or unkown.
2: MODE OF DETECTION & VESSEL TYPES IMPLICATED IN IMPORTATION
VESSEL TYPE 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 TOTAL
Foreign Fishing Vessel 15 9 31 6 24 8 1 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 100
Cargo Vessel 8 1 2 2 0 1 1 0 0 1, 3 BG 1, 2BG 2, 1BG 2BG 1, 2BG 2 32
On-shore Ovitrap 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4
Other 4 0 1 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
TOTAL INTERCEPTIONS 29 10 34 10 26 9 3 5 3 4 3 3 5 3 3 147 Note that multiple receptacles may be positive within a shipment. Other = barge, motor launch, passenger vessel, data not collected. Note 1: Ae. aegypti larvae were found in a sentinel tyre at Toll Marine Logistics on 14/05/13 following the initial incursion on 3/05/13. The larvae are not recorded in this table. Note 1: Ae. aegypti larvae were found in a sentinel tyre at the airport in Feb 2015 (initial detection). The larvae are recorded in this table as being from an on-shore ovitrap.
3: POSITIVE RECEPTACLES & MODE OF DETECTION
RECEPTACLE TYPE 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 TOTAL
Tyres 0 0 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
Water Receptacle ( 200L Water Receptacle 13 3 16 1 18 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57 On-shore Ovitraps 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 Adult Traps 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2BG 2BG 1BG 2BG 2BG 2BG 11 Other 10 1 11 6 0 0 1 3 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 39 TOTAL INTERCEPTIONS 29 10 34 10 26 9 3 5 3 4 3 3 2 3 3 147 Note that multiple species may be present in one receptacle. Other = machinery, equipment, vehicles, luggage, data not collected. 4: MOSQUITO SPECIES DETECTED AS EGGS, LARVAE OR ADULTS† SPECIES DETECTED 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 TOTAL Aedes aegypti 16 6 31 6 25 8 1* 5 3 1, 2BG 1BG 1BG 2BG 0 1, 2BG 111 Aedes albopictus 1, 1* 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 1BG 1, 1BG 0 0 1, 2BG 0 15 Culex spathifurca 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Other 9, 1* 3 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 19 TOTAL INTERCEPTIONS 29 10 34 10 26 9 3 5 3 4 3 3 2 3 3 147 1. † Note that this is not a species count, since a species may be detected more than once i.e, in different receptacles within a shipment. 2. Larval Collections = Numerals without superscript symbols. 3. Adult Collection Type: EVS (Encephalitis Virus trap - established 1999), BG (Biogents Sentinel trap - established 2010). 4. *Ovitrap Collection. 5. Data on exotic mosquito interceptions in receptacles provided by DAFF. Medical Entomology CDC DoH F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\interception_summary_tables 1415 TABLE 40: MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY MOSQUITO SURVEYS AND TRAVEL JULY 2014 TO JUNE 2015 DATE LOCATION PERSON PURPOSE 6-14/09/2014 Mandurah William Pettit, Allan Warchot Mosquito Management course 18-19/11/2014 Katherine Nina Kurucz, Alexander Endemic and exotic mosquito Roberts survey 19-23/01/2015 Tennant Creek William Pettit, Nadine Aedes aegypti elimination Copley program 22-23/01/2015 Alice Springs Nina Kurucz, Alexander Endemic and exotic mosquito Roberts survey 2-6/03/2015 Tennant Creek William Pettit Aedes aegypti elimination program 11-12/03/2015 Jabiru Jane Carter, Storm Barrett Exotic mosquito survey 14-15/04/2015 Katherine Nina Kurucz, Alexander Endemic and exotic mosquito Roberts survey 27-30/04/2015 Canberra Nina Kurucz National Arbovirus and Malaria Advisory Committee – face to face meeting 27-30/04/2015 Groote Eylandt William Pettit, Jaana Exotic mosquito survey Wenham 18-19/06/2015 Katherine Nina Kurucz, Alexander Endemic and exotic mosquito Roberts survey F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\40_survey_travel_1415.doc Medical Entomology CDC DoH 21/10/2015 TABLE 41: MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY PUBLICATIONS 2014/15 BRANCH REPORTS Medical Entomology Annual Report 2013/14 Katherine and Mataranka mosquito survey report 12 to 14 February 2014 Section 01880 Hundred of Ayers - Wickham Point Construction Workers Camp baseline biting insect assessment report, February 2014 Holtze Baseline Biting insect Assessment report, April 2015 Knuckey Lagoons Baseline Biting Insect Assessment report, February 2015 Noonamah Ridge Estate Biting Insect Assessment report, June 2015 Katherine mosquito survey 14 to 15 April 2015 SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Kurucz N and Pettit W 2015. ‘Detection of the Tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus in Darwin port areas, NT, Australia 28 November and 5 December 2013’ Northern Territory Disease Control Bulletin 22:1:12-14. Kurucz N, Wenham J, Hunt N and Melville L 2014. ‘Murray Valley encephalitis virus detection using honeybait cards in the Northern Territory in 2013’ Mosquito Bites 9:1:14-17. Neville PJ and Kurucz N 2014. ‘Murray Valley encephalitis and Kunjin virus activity in Western Australia and the Northern Territory in 2013/14’ Mosquito Bites 9:1:10-11. Warchot A and Kurucz N 2014. ‘Ross River virus season in Darwin’ Northern Territory Disease Control Bulletin 21:4:11-12. F:\ENTO\ento_files\public_info\annual_reports\anrp_2014_15\ME anrp 1415\Public 1415.doc