Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body

Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body

Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D.

CELLS TISSUES ORGANS SYSTEMS

Anatomy of the Systems of the Human Body

Skeletal Muscular Nervous Lymphatic

Digestive CV Respiratory

Integumentary Endocrine Urinary Reproductive

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 1 Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body

Outline 5 6 3 2

Skeletal Muscular Nervous Lymphatic

7 Digestive CV Respiratory 4

Integumentary Endocrine Urinary Reproductive

9 8 1 10 11 System

Cardiovascular

1.

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 2 Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body

Arch of aorta Ascending aorta Left pulmonary artery Pulmonary trunk

Right auricle Left auricle Right coronary Great cardiac vein artery Left coronary artery Circumflex branch Anterior cardiac vein Left marginal branch Right ventricle Left ventricle Marginal branch

Anterior interventricular Tributary to great branch cardiac vein (a) Anterior view

Left subclavian artery Brachiocephalic trunk Left common carotid artery

Superior vena cava Arch of aorta Ligamentum arteriosum Right pulmonary artery

Ascending aorta Pulmonary trunk

RIGHT AURICLE Left pulmonary vein (cut open)

Pectinate muscles LEFT AURICLE RIGHT ATRIUM

Cusp of tricuspid valve LEFT VENTRICLE Chordae tendineae INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM Papillary muscle RIGHT VENTRICLE TRABECULAE CARNEAE

(b) Anterior view of partially sectioned heart

ANTERIOR

Pulmonary trunk Ascending aorta

PULMONARY Right coronary artery VALVE

Pectinate muscle Pectinate muscle of of left atrium right atrium

Left coronary AORTIC VALVE artery TRICUSPID VALVE BICUSPID (MITRAL) VALVE Coronary sinus

POSTERIOR (f) Superior view of atrioventricular and semilunar valves

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 3 Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body System

Lymphatic

2.

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 4 Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body

SUBCLAVICULAR LYMPH NODE

CENTRAL (INTERMEDIATE) LYMPH NODE Pectoralis major muscl

LATERAL LYMPH STERNAL LYMPH NODE NODE

SUBSCAPULAR LYMPH NODE

PECTORAL LYMPH NODE Mammary gland

(b) Anterior view of mostly axillary lymph nodes System

Nervous

3.

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 5 Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body

CRANIAL NERVES:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 Inferior aspect of brain

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 6 Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body

Cranial nerves: an overview

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Larnx (vice box)

Bronchus Lung System

Respiratory

4.

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 8 Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body System Skeletal

5.

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 9 Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body

POSTERIOR ANTERIOR 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 1 4 6 5 5 6 6 7 7 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 2 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 1 Intervertebral 1 2 disc 2 3 3 3 Intervertebral 8 4 disc 4 Intervertebral 5 foramen 5

9 4 5

POSTERIOR

Spinous Facet of superior Spinal process Transverse articular process cord process

Vertebral arch: Lamina

Vertebral foramen Pedicle

Facet for head of rib Body

ANTERIOR

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 10 Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body

(a) Scoliosis (b) Kyphosis (c) Lordosis

Anatomical neck Lesser tubercle Greater tubercle Greater tubercle Head Surgical Anatomical neck Intertubercular neck sulcus (groove) Scapula Humerus Deltoid tuberosity

Body Radial fossa (shaft)

Olecranon fossa Lateral Coronoid fossa Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle epicondyle Capitulum Trochlea Olecranon Coronoid process Head Radius Radius Ulna

(a) Anterior view (b) Posterior view

Hip bone Greater trochanter Head Neck Greater trochanter

Intertrochanteric Gluteal tuberosity line crest Lesser trochanter

Femur

Linea aspera Body (shaft) Lateral epicondyle Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Intercondylar fossa Lateral condyle Medial condyle Lateral condyle Patella Fibula Tibia Fibula

(a) Anterior view (b) Posterior view

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 11 Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body

Gender differences

Structure F M

Size larger smaller

Pubic angle wider narrow

False pelvis wider taller

Pelvic outlet larger smaller

Greater sciatic notch wider narrow

Ischial spine posterior medially

Frontal plane (bone marking) 6 9 (bone) (space) 7 10 (bone marking) Acetabular labrum Ligament of the head of the (bone marking) femur 8 Articular capsule Subcutaneous fat

LATERAL MEDIAL (c) Frontal section

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 12 Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body

Femur Intercondylar eminence Patella Lateral condyle Lateral condyle Medial condyle Head Head Tibial tuberosity

Fibula Tibia Fibula Interosseous membrane Anterior border (crest)

Medial malleolus Lateral Talus Lateral malleolus malleolus Calcaneus

(a) Anterior view (b) Posterior view System

Muscular

6.

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 13 Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body

Mouth Salivary gland Pharynx Esophagus

Liver Stomach Pancreas (behind stomach) System Gallbladder Small intestine Rectum Large Anus intestine Digestive

7.

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 14 Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body

Clinical FYI: Pancreatic Cancer

• Poor prognosis – few early symptoms • unless obstructs pancreatic or bile duct (obstructive jaundice)

– often metastatic at time of diagnosis

– “aggressive tumor” – early lymphatic & portal metastasis • liver and lung metastasis

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 15 Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body System

Endocrine

8. System Integumentary

9. System

Urinary

10.

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 16 Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body

SUPERIOR Midsagittal plane Ovary

Uterine (fallopian) tube

Uterus Urinary bladder

Pubic symphysis Rectum External urethral Vagina orifice POSTERIOR ANTERIOR (b) Midsagittal section

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 17 Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body

SUPERIOR

Seminal vesicle Urinary bladder (opened) Ductus (vas) deferens Pubic symphysis Corpus cavernosum Rectum Body of penis Testis

Bulbospongiosus muscle Corona

Spongy (penile) urethra

POSTERIOR ANTERIOR (b) Sagittal section

Ductus (vas) deferens Seminal vesicle Prostate Penis Ductus (vas) deferens Testis Seminal Systems vesicle Prostate Penis

Testis Reproductive

11.

POSTERIOR ANTERIOR

Seminal vesicle Urinary bladder Ductus (vas) (opened) deferens Prostatic urethra Prostate Ejaculatory duct Pubic symphysis

Membranous urethra Corpora cavernosum penis Rectum Corpus Bulb of penis spongiosum penis Bulbospongiosus Spongy (penile) muscle urethra Testis Glans penis

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 18 Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 19 Back to Basics: Fundamental Anatomy of the Human Body

Pelvic organs. Peritoneum: parietal, visceral and mesentery Round lig. of uterus

Lig. of ovary

Rectouterin fold (rectouterin lig.)

Plate 344 Suspensory lig.

Pelvic viscera, female

ampulla

fundus isthmus uterine ifundibulum

body

cervi x

vagina

Fimbriae Ovary Broad ligament Uterine tube Fundus of uterus Uterine cavity Fornix of vagina Body of uterus Cervix of uterus Urinary bladder Rectum Vagina Pubic symphysis

Urethra Erectile tissue of clitoris Anus Labium minus

External anal sphincter Labium majus

Coding Fiesta 2012 Kyle E. Rarey, Ph.D. September 29, 2012 20