Independent Civil Society Organizations Center for Policy Analysis in the Horn ISCO CPA Horn www.iscosomaliland.org www.centerforpolicy.net [email protected] [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction...... 05 Facts about Extension...... 06 Facts and figures about Somaliland’s Democratization process...... 07 Timeline of Extension...... 08 Timeline of Election Process from 2001 to 2019...... 12 Annex I: Election and Voter Registration Results...... 24 Annex II: Commission and Committee for Democratization Process...... 42 References...... 54 ABOUT CPA the constitutional principles and international standards. ISCO Somaliland is committed to sustaining an independent and The Center for Policy Analysis (CPA) think tank, was established vibrant network of civil society actors and groups that are re- in December 2014 to help the countries of Horn of Africa region sponsive and accountable to the people. to build peace, democracy, human rights and effective gover- nance systems where all citizens are equal. CPA which is the Every independent civil society organisation can be a mem- first think tank in Somaliland is working for the advancement ber of ISCO Somaliland. The member organisations share a of social, political and economic analysis as a fundamental common vision of engagement based on participation, trans- approach to the understanding and explanation of social phe- parency, accountability, inclusion, fairness and trust; using nomena and as a necessary prerequisite for the decision-mak- commonly agreed on benchmarks, members will apply them- ing processes through research, debates, conferences, dia- selves to the most dynamic connotation of this vision, and logues, workshops, and trainings. affirm an engagement that is complementary in purpose,

constructively critical in method and transparent in motive. The Center is researching in depth an issue of public concern, it The following civil society organisations (listed in alphabetical can be an issue of ongoing political debate or an issue that has not order) are the current members of ISCO Somaliland: yet gained the attention of policymakers. The Center is provid- ing alternative policy options to policymakers and other stake- 1. Centre for Policy Analysis holders through quality research and balanced assessment of 2. Centre for Youth Empowerment, options that policy makers could pursue to resolve the problem. 3. COMPAD Human Rights and Community Organization CPA is encouraging regional democracy, peace, human rights, 4. Garsoor Social Development organisation and stability through international relations and to be a lead- 5. Horseed Organisation ing voice in the political discourse, constantly engaged in dia- 6. Hope Development organisation logues on increasingly more complex issues. 7. Human Rights Centre 8. Solidarity Youth Voluntary Organization (SOYVO) ABOUT ISCO SOMALILAND 9. Somaliland Street Children Rehabilitation Centre The Independent Civil Society Organisations Coalition (ISCO 10. Somaliland Women Association (SOWA) Somaliland) is a coalition for the independent civil Society or- 11. Somaliland Women Development Centre (SOWOD) ganisation of Somaliland to cooperate on areas of democracy 12. Voice for Somaliland Women Minority and civil rights. ISCO Somaliland will always act in accordance Organisation (VOSOMWO) for the best interest of democracy and civic space based on 13. Hodan Women Relief Organization

4 INTRODUCTION

On 18 May 1991, after suffering 21 years of the brutal military dic- voter registration processes in Africa, according to Abdikadir Iman tatorship of General Siyad Barre and experiencing three decades Warsame, Chairman of the National Electoral Commission (NEC) of marginalization as part of the united Somali Republic, Somalil- of Somaliland, in which an iris-based biometric system was used and unilaterally reclaimed its pre-union independence from So- for one of the first times anywhere in the world. malia. In the following years, a nascent democratic system was established. A National Charter was approved by consensus soon Although Somaliland has been exercising multiparty democracy after the withdrawal of the union, in which it was agreed that for almost 18 years now, it has in many ways failed to institution- government would be based on a system of power-sharing be- alize this system. Of the several major setbacks and shortcomings tween clans. This transitional arrangement was then superseded of the democratic process, one of the most serious and intracta- by a national constitution of the republic, which was confirmed ble is repeated election delays, in which extensions are granted near-unanimously by a national referendum in 2001, in which to the term periods of Somaliland’s representative institutions. 97% of voters approved. With its approval, the constitution legal- Such delays have occurred at all levels of government, from the ly ushered in the progression for a clan-based politics to a multi- executive and legislative to the local. party democratic system. According to the revisions of the election timelines, Somaliland’s Since then, Somaliland has held six successful democratic elec- National Election Commission, become the only institution that tions, including three presidential elections (in April 2003, June never being extended their term during the last 17 years. The 2010 and November 2017), one parliamentary election (in Sep- House of Elders extended their own term in 10 times. They were tember 2005) and two local council elections (in December 2002 selected in clan conference held in on 1997. The House and November 2012). All aforementioned elections were conduct- of Elders also extended 10 times extended the term of the House ed in a peaceful and inclusive manner, a very rare occurrence in of Representatives, 7 times the term of the President, and 3 times this volatile Horn of Africa region, which is overwhelmingly dom- for the term of Local councils. The Political Parties delay their inated by long-sitting, undemocratic and authoritarian leaders. Central Committee conferences different times. Beyond that, in 2016, Somaliland conducted the most advanced

5 FACTS ABOUT EXTENSIONS Facts and Figures about Somaliland’s Democratization Process

• Somaliland held 1 Referendum, 6 elections (3 Presidential, 2 Local Council Elections and 1 Parliamentary), 2 times of voter registration and two times of voter card distribution. Somaliland carried out nearly 11 election related activities since 2001.

• The House of Elders made nearly 30 extensions of terms during the last 18 years, including 3 times for Local Councils, 7 times of presidents, 10 times for the House of Representatives and 10 times for their House of Elders. The total of extensions that the House of Elders (Guurti) has made during the last 18 years was 49 years, 11 months and 2 days in total

• The tenure of the current members of the Local Councils expired in 2017. The term of the House of Representa- tives expired in 2010. The term of the House of Elders lapsed in 2003.

• The term of the committee responsible on regulating political parties, the Committee for Registration and Approval of Political Associations/Parties, expired in 2014.

THE TOTAL EXTENSIONS MADE BY GUURTI, DURING THE LAST 18 YEARS. # The institution that was Time of Extension Time in office without Number of extended his term extension** extensions Years Months Days 1 House of Representatives 14 8 4 Not found 9 Times

2 House of Elders (Guurti) 19 8 5 Not found 9 Times

3 Presidential Elections 6 7 23 Not Found 7 Times 4 Local Councils 8 11 0 ** 6 Years and 11 Months 3 times Total 49 11 2 28 Times Local Councils remained in office, without having extension after their legal elected term expired. 7 TIMELINES OF EXTENSIONS

8 Time of Extension According to the available 12 Months From data, Guurti extended the 23 February 2002 Ending term of local councils, 23 February 2003 presidential and the Entension Date 12 January 2002 Time of Extension parliament, nearly 28 times. 12 Months Entension Date Below are the timetable with From 10 April 2008 06 May 2008 dates and time, that Guurti Ending Entension Date 06 May 2009 extended the term of the 13 March 2019 institutions. Time of Extension 5 Months 23 Days Time of Extension From 9 Months 07 May 2009 From Entension Date 25 September 2005 Ending 30 October 2009 29 October 2009 Ending 27 July 2010 Entension Date 11 May 2015

Time of Extension 21 Months Time of Extension From 28 July 2015 6 Months Entension Date From Ending 27 April 2017 January 2017 28 April 2017 Ending Entension Date 27 October 2017 PRESIDENTIAL EXTENSIONS 3 June 2017

Time of Extension 6 YEARS 7 MONTHS 2 Months 23 DAYS From 28 October 2017 Ending 27 December 2017 9 04 ---

EXTENSION DATE 24 NOVEMBER 2019 10 TIME OF EXTENSION The Extension 2 YEARS From: 12 January 2021 Time-Table Of The Ending: 12 January 2023 EXTENSION DATE EXTENSION DATE EXTENSION DATE 06 MAY 2006 25 SEPTEMBER 2010 15 APRIL 2013 House Of Elders TIME OF EXTENSION 03 TIME OF EXTENSION 05 TIME OF EXTENSION 48 MONTHS 44 MONTHS 24 MONTHS 27 DAYS From: October 2006 From: October 2010 From: 29 June 2014 EXTENSION DATE Ending: June 2014 Ending: 27 July 2016 (Guurti) – From Ending: October 2010 21 JANUARY 2019 09 TIME OF EXTENSION 9 MONTHS 15 DAYS January 2001 From: 29 April 2020 Ending: 12 January 2021

EXTENSION DATE To January 2023 EXTENSION DATE EXTENSION DATE 04 MARCH 2017 25 MAY 2005 11 MAY 2015 TIME OF EXTENSION TIME OF EXTENSION TIME OF EXTENSION 02 06 18 MONTHS 4 MONTHS 23 DAYS 21 MONTHS From: 28 April 2018 From: 25 May 2006 From: 28 July 2016 Ending: 28 October 2019 EXTENSION DATE Ending: 27 April 2018 Ending: 15 October 2006 03 JUNE 2017 TOTAL EXTENSION 08 TIME OF EXTENSION 6 MONTHS From: 28 October 2019 19 YEARS 8 MONTHS Ending: 28 April 2020 5 DAYS EXTENSION DATE 03 MARCH 2003 TIME OF EXTENSION 07 36 MONTHS 01 From: 25 May 2003 Ending: 25 May 2006

10 ---

The Extension EXTENSION DATE 24 NOVEMBER 2019 10 TIME OF EXTENSION Time-Table Of The House 2 YEARS From: 12 January 2021 Of Representatives Ending: 12 January 2023 From April 2002 To January 2022

TOTAL EXTENSION 14 YEARS 8MONTHS 4 DAYS

11 TIMELINE OF ELECTION

PROCESS2001—2019

12 DATE ACTIVITY

Nomination and Approval of first Committee for Registration and Approval of Political Associations/Parties, the 10 February 2001 President nominated all the seven members of the Committee.

Somaliland conducted the referendum of the Constitution, more than 1 Million citizens voted, 97% of them approved 31 May 2001 the constitution while 3% rejected.

13 June 2001 Somaliland Supreme Court Approved and declared the result of the Referendum of the Constitution

The Committee for the Registration and Approval of Political Associations/Parties announced that 7 Political Associa- 25 September 2001 tions were registered to take part the upcoming local council elections. UDUB, UCID, SAHAN, Hormood, Ilayska, Birsol and UMMAD were the 7 political associations who registered.

November 2001 House of Representatives Passed the Election law of local councils and presidential elections.

January 2002 The first National Electoral Commission (NEC) was formed

First Presidential Extension after the constitutional referendum, Guurti extended the term of the president for one-year 12 January 2002 time, the new term of the president will be expiring 23 February 2003.

the Committee of Registration and Approval of Political Associations announced that five of the 7 registered political association are passed the conditions and can take part the upcoming local council elections. also, the Committee announced that they reopened the registration of political associations, for another two months and registration will 18 March 2002 end 18th May, 2002. During the reopening of the registration of political associations, ASAD and Kulmiye registered, the committee announced that six political associations were approved to take part the upcoming local council elections of December 2002.

27 April 2002 Guurti extends the term of the House of Representatives by one year, their new mandate will expire 25 May 2003.

13 President Mohamed Haji Ibraahin Egal died in Pretoria, South Africa, during a medical treatment. The vice president 3 May 2002 Daahir Rayaale Kaahin, became the new President, while he selected a new Vice President from the House of Represen- tatives.

Somaliland’s first local council elections were held. Six political associations contested to become one of the main 15 December 2002 three political parties of Somaliland; UDUB, Kulmiye and UCID worn the election, and received the certification of being the only recognized three political parties in Somaliland.

Another time Guurti Extended the term of House of Representatives to two years, so the new term of House of 03 March 2003 Representatives will end 25 May 2005.

President of Somaliland Daahir Rayaale Kaahin, submitted the parliament, a bill about indirect election of Guurti. House of Representatives approved the bill, but Guurti rejected it. The Indirect Election Bill was proposing how to select the Guurti Members. It was later on postponed the Elections of Guurti, and extended their term to one year after 27 March 2003 the House of Representatives. On 29/03/2003 Guurti passed, one article into law, (Article 19) that was mentioning that the term of House of Elders (Guurti) shall always expire one year after the term of House of Representatives. This was the beginning the new Era of Extension based democracy. So, the term of the Guurti will Expire after one year of the term of the House of Representatives.

After delays, finally Somaliland’s first presidential election was held after. The sitting President Daahir Rayaale Kaahin and presidential candidate of UDUB Party was elected another 5 years after he won only 80 votes margin against the 14 April 2003 opposition party of Kulmiye Candidate Ahmed Mohamed Siilaanyo. On May 11th 2003 the Supreme court announced that the margin vote is 217 votes.

February 2005 Parliament has passed an Election law, but only after intervention of Constitutional Court.

House of Elders (Guurti) extended another time, the term of the House of Representatives 143 days from 25 May 2005 28 May 2005 to 15/10/2005.

Somaliland’s National Election Commission announced 14 members from different sectors of the society who will 06 September 2005 be the Election Monitoring Board. This committee will oversee the election process during the 2005 Parliamentary Elections.

14 Somaliland’s first elections of the House of Representatives was held after multiple times of extension, afterthe supreme court removes the barriers of holding the election, and House of Representatives approved an Electoral Bill proposing that the current seat allocation will be used only this election. The Ruling party of UDUB won 33 seats out 29 September 2005 of the 82 members of the House, but the opposition parties secured the House leadership, Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi from UCID Party was elected the speaker of the House, while Kulmiye MPs was elected the two deputies of the House.

President proposed another extension of Guurti, he earlier requested the Constitutional court to support his proposal, 6 May 2006 then Guurti approved the proposal of the president and extended their term up to four yours. The new term of Guurti will Expire October 2010.

House of Representatives approved “The Guurti Election Bill” but Guurti rejected that bill on a two third majority by 23 16 September 2006 September 2006.

The Term of the first Somaliland’s National Electoral Commission ended, without having new Electoral Commission. 11 January 2007 Selection, nomination and approval of the Second NEC members took nearly 8 months, and finally they were approved 3 September 2007.

A new Voter Registration Act came into force. The new law required not to hold any elections without voter registra- tion. In June 2008, NEC and Political parties agreed together to amend the voter registration, to speedy the process. 8 July 2007 Later on President Rayaale called and extraordinary meeting of the House of Representative to approve the proposal of amending the Voter registration, and the parliament approved the bill on 21 June 2008, and acting president signed at 23 June 2008.

9 September 2007 NEC II was sworn in the office after the mandate of the first NEC ended January 2007.

After discussions between the new National Electoral Commission and political parties, they have agreed 4 points including, to conduct and complete the voter registration before 10th June 2008, to postpone the local council 11 October 2007 elections, which was expecting to held December 2007, to 1st July 2008, and the Presidential elections which was expecting to happen April 2008 to postpone till 31st August 2008.

One day after the agreement between NEC II and Political Parties, the House of Elders of Guurti Extends first time the 12 December 2007 term of local councils till 1st July 2008, the mandate of local councils was expiring December 2007.

15 The National Electoral Commission and Political Parties agreed a second time postponement of Elections, both sides 9th April 2008 agreed that the voter registration to be completed 5th October 2008, the local elections to happen 06 October 2008, and the Presidential Elections to held at 31st December 2008.

One day after the agreement between the political parties and NEC, Guurti Extended the term of the president for one year until 6 May 2009 starting from 15th May 2008, which was the date that the term of the President was expiring. 10 April 2008 Guurti did not follow the agreement of Political Parties and NEC but instead their own decision to extend the term of the president more that the term that both NEC and Political Parties agreed one day earlier. The opposition parties opposed the decision.

NEC II Announced 15 Members of National Election Monitoring Committee, who will oversee the Registration Process 19 April 2008 and upcoming elections.

NEC and the three political parties have reached 8 points agreement, including to postpone the local council elections 9 June 2008 indefinitely, but to held the Presidential elections, to suspend any articles of Voter Registration Act which are obstacle of holding the election and to hold presidential election before 6 April 2009.

After many delays, finally Voter Registration begun in Somaliland, it ended up 31 December 2009. NEC announced 21 October 2008 that 1,236,946 voters registered the first phase of the voter registration, while another 138,714 voters registered at the second phase of the voter registration, so the total registered voters were 1,375,660.

Another time, Guurti Extended the term of the President until 29 October 2009. Also Guurti said that presidential 13 March 2009 Election should happen 29 September 2009. opposition parties opposed the new extension of Guurti to the Presiden- tial Term.

after negotiations, finally Opposition Parties, accepted the extension of the Guurti to the President, but they requested 29 April 2009 that the president to sign a proposal about, that no more extensions will happen, but the president called the proposal unconstitutional.

Government rejected the result of the voter registration, and called it unreliable with fraud, but the opposition parties accepted the Voter Registration. Later on the National Electoral Commission announced that the Voter Registration 27 July 2009 will not be used the upcoming presidential election, but the International community told that they will not fund an election without voter registration

16 Two groups of from the members of the House of Representatives, submitted two different motions, one for impeach- ing the sitting president and the other for impeaching the speaker of the House. Violence erupted during the session 08 September 2009 and security forces interfered the session. The new political deadlock reached that police forces take the control of the parliament and the opposition parties arranged more rallies.

Opposition Parties threatened if Guurti extends another time the term of the president another time, they will not 24 September 2009 recognize the Leadership of the President, and they will nominate their own government.

After long night of negotiations between the President, the two opposition parties and other neutral members including the donors who fund the elections, finally a consensus was reached. the Friday morning of 25 September 2009, 77 25 September 2009 Members of Guurti extended the term of the President without setting new date, but instead they mentioned that the term of the president will end one month later of the Election Date. So, all sides agreed that the current NEC to leave the office and the upcoming New NEC to set the new Election Date.

October 2009 All members of NEC II have resigned, and new National Electoral Commission were nominated and approved

NEC Announced the final revised voter registration, after months of reviewing and removing the double voting and 22 June 2010 underage registered voters.

Somaliland’s second presidential election is held after a delay of two years and one month. Kulmiye candidate Ahmed 26 June 2010 Mohamed Silanyo defeats incumbent president .

Another Time another Extension, the House of Elders extended the term of the House of Representatives by 2 year and 8 months, from 29 October 2010 to 29 June 2013. This parliament were elected 29 September 2005, and their 25 September 2010 mandate was expired October 2010. Also Guurti automatically extended their term by 3 years and 8 months, from October 2010 up to June 2014.

17 The appointed a national consultative committee from the Parliament, Political Parties, Professionals and Civil Society Organizations, assigned to visit all to ask the people if they are favour of reopening the registrations. After they visited all regions of Somaliland, the 18 members 7 June 2011 committee, finally announced that 57% of the people they interviewed supported to reopen the registration of the political parties. The committee recommended to hold the local elections within 18 months and to finalize all election related acts.

The President of Somaliland nominated the seven members of the Committee for the Registration and approval of the 4 September 2011 Political Associations/parties, and he submitted their names to the House of Representatives

26 September 2011 the House of Representatives approved the committee and they take the office at October 4th 2011

After the House of Representatives amended the 2007 voter registration, the President of Somaliland has waived the 13 December 2011 voter registration and to hold the upcoming local council elections without voter registration.

The Committee for the Registration and Approval of Political Associations/Parties, announced that 15 Political Associations were registered to take part the upcoming local council elections, those 15 Political Associations are: 29 December 2011 Wadani, Dalsan, Nuur, Jamhuuriya, Nasiye, UDHIS, NDP, Umadda, Gurmad, Damal, Horyaal, Badbaado, Rays, SSCD and Xaqsoor, and also the registered three political parties.

RAC announced that only five of the 15 political associations, are passed the conditions and eligible to take part the 20 April 2012 upcoming local council elections, those five political associations are: Xaqsoor, Umadda, , Rays and Dalsan.

the National Electoral Commission announced that the upcoming local elections will held on WEDNESDAY, 28 12 August 2012 NOVEMBER 2012

13 September 2012 NEC and seven political parties/associations have signed the code of conduct of the local councils election

The five Political Associations (of Xaqsoor, Waddani, Umadda, Rays and Dalsan), the two political parties (of Kulmiye and UCID), and the Committee for Registration and Approval of Political Associations/parties have signed together a 09 October 2012 code of conduct about the conditions of selecting the three political parties after the local council elections. All signed political associations/parties were needed their commitment of accepting the outcome of the selection process.

18 Somaliland’s second round of local council elections are held. More than 2,368 candidates contested nearly 379 seats. 28 November 2012 More than 820,160 voters elected 323 local council members of 19 districts in Somaliland.

Committee for Registration and Approval of Political Associations/Parties announced that UCID, Kulmiye and Waddani 26 December 2012 have succeeded to the new three political parties of Somaliland in the coming 10 years.

another time, Guurti Extends the term of the House of Representatives up to June 2015 and their term will expire after 15 April 2013 one year of the House of Representatives.

President Ahmed Siilaayo officially requested the political parties to nominate their member of NEV IV before two 1 September 2014 months of the term of NEC III

the opposition parties called that they will boycott if not separated the civil registration process from the voter registra- 9 September 2014 tion. On 24th September 2014 the government and political parties have agreed the process after weeks of negotia- tions

10 October 2014 Political parties and government finalized the nomination of NEC IV and they submitted to the parliament.

15 October 2014 Political tension between the two Houses of the Parliament delayed to approve the national Electoral Commission.

One Month after the term of NEC III Expired, the House of Representatives approved the new members of NEC IV, and 29 November 2014 sworn in after 7 days.

Opposition Parties warned to delay the upcoming presidential election, and suggested to form a transitional national 11 March 2015 unity government if elections cannot happen on time, but the ruling party called the suggestion of the opposition parties as an unconstitutional.

After negotiations between the Government, Opposition Parties and NEC, finally the President submitted the Guurti a 25 April 2015 proposal letter suggesting that NEC can hold the Presidential and Parliamentary elections at the coming June 2016.

Guurti did not follow the Proposal and the timeline that the president submitted and also both NEC and Political parties approved, but they extended the term of the president from 28 July 2015 up to 27 April 2017, while they extended the 11 May 2015 term of the House of Representatives from 28 July 2015 up to 27 April 2017. Also Guurti Extends their term up to 27 July 2018.

19 after a mass demonstrations and political deadlock, finally the three political parties reached a consensus that the 28 May 2015 election should happen in December 2016, but Guurti refused to amend the extensions it made.

the President extended the term of the Commission for Registration and Approval of Political Associations/Parties 26 September 2015 after the House of Representatives approved. Their mandate was Expired 2013, now he renewed two years term.

January 2016 A New Voter Registration begun.

April 2016 President suspended the Voter Registration due to the severe droughts in the country, and resumed in May 2016.

September 2016 The voter registration process is completed, with the required six months.

Guurti Extends the term of the President up to six months, after the three political parties agreed the postponement 04 March 2017 due to the droughts in the country. and the parliamentary elections should happen October 2018, Guurti has the usual one year extension.

April 2017 Voter card distribution starts

Guurti extends the end of the president’s term by two months, from October to December 2017, and extends the term of the House of Representatives and local councils from October 2018 to 28 April 2019. The reason given is the drought 3 June 2017 affecting Somaliland in mid-2017. Implicit in this is that the Guurti has extended its own term by at least one year and eleven months, until 28 April 2020. (check dates). The NEC sets the presidential election date as 13 November 2017.

September 2017 The distribution of the Voter Registration card is completed

10 October 2017 NEC announced the Result of Voter Registration

Somaliland’s third presidential election is held. of Kulmiye Party, Abdirahman Irro from Waddani Party 13 November 2017 and Faysal Ali Warabe of UCID contested the election. Muse Bihi Abdi of Kulmiye Ruling Party won nearly 55% of the election.

Guurti Extends the term of House of Representatives by 8 months and 15 days, and set the election date to 12/12/2019, 21 January 2019 while the term of House of Representatives shall end 12/01/2020, and Guurti term will expire 12/01/2021.

28 April 2019 Term of local councils expired, with no extension.

20 The House of Elders extended the term of the House of Representatives two more years, starting from January 12, November 24, 2019 2020 till January 12, 2022. The Term of the House of Elders will expire one year later of that date.

The three Political Parties of Kulmiye, Wadani and UCID have reached an agreement of holding the local and parliamen- tary elections in the year of 2020.

President Bihi and the two Opposition have agreed that the sitting National Election Commission to delegate most of February 27, 2020 its duties of conducting the elections to a new election body called Technical Election Management Unit (TMU).

The TMU was designed to include the former 7 National Electoral Commission Members and three non-voting members appointed by the International Partners.

July 12, 2020 The three political parties have reached a new agreement concerning the upcoming local council and parliamenta- ry elections. They have also amended some of the previous agreements and they agreed that the current National Electoral Commission have the full authority of administering and holding the Elections. According to the agreement, the three political parties of Kulmiye, UCID & Wadani have agreed to use the Law No. 20-2/2005 in the upcoming parliamentary election, including article 12 which is mentioning the same seat allocation in the current sitting parliament.

August 23, 2020 After a series of consultations with the Election Stakeholders, the National Electoral Commission announced that both the Combined Elections of Local Councils and Parliamentary Elections and also the Voter Registration could happen within 9 months if the Law is approved and Financial issues is solved.

August 27, 2020 The Constitutional Court of Somaliland has issued a final ruling on the seat allocation issue after they received the President’s request. The Constitutional Court ruled that the Law No. 20-2/2005 to use the upcoming Parliamentary Elections with the same seat allocation in Article 12 of that act.

September 27, 2020 The House of Representatives reject the Quota for Women and Minority Groups that was included the Combined Election Bill.

October 2020 Both Houses of the Parliament approved the Combined Election Bill and the President signed.

November 7, 2020 The National Electoral Commission announced that the Voter Registration will start on November 29th 2020 and will end on January 13th 2021.

21 ANNEX I: ELECTION AND VOTER REGISTRATION RESULTS

22 Somaliland’s Constitutional Referendum was Held in 31st May 2001, here arethe Results of The Referendum

23 15 December 2002: Somaliland’s First Local Elections

# Political Association Number of Votes 1 Unity of Democrat Society Party 179,389 2 Peace, Development and Unity Party (KULMIYE) 83,158 3 Justice and Welfare Party (UCID) 49,444 4 Somaliland Alliance for Islamic Democracy 47,942 (SAHAN) 5 Champions for Peace and Prosperity (HORMOOD) 40,538 6 Alliance for Salvation and Democracy (ASAD) 39,596

40.76% 10.89% TOTAL VOTES CASTED 18.90% 9.21% 11.24% 9% 440,067

24 REGION

# Political Association Number of Votes 1 UDUB 58,939 2 KULMIYE 13,679 3 ASAD 8,727 4 UCID 7,422 5 HORMOOD 7,229 6 SAHAN 4,499

58.65% 7.39% SUB TOTAL OF REGION 13.61% 7.19% 8.68% 4.48% 100,495

25 MAROODI-JEEH REGION

# Political Association Number of Votes 1 UDUB 70,989 2 UCID 30,676 3 KULMIYE 29,923 4 HORMOOD 29,104 5 SAHAN 14,748 6 ASAD 10,943

38.09% 15.62% SUB TOTAL OF REGION 16.46% 7.91% 16.05% 5.87% 186,383

26 SAAHIL REGION

# Political Association Number of Votes 1 UDUB 13,502 2 KULMIYE 5,309 3 UCID 2,900 4 ASAD 2,281 5 SAHAN 2,054 6 HORMOOD 1,188

38.09% 15.62% SUB TOTAL OF REGION 16.46% 7.91% 16.05% 5.87% 27,234

27 REGION

# Political Association Number of Votes 1 UDUB 16,574 2 KULMIYE 13,701 3 SAHAN 11,356 4 ASAD 6,655 5 UCID 3,401 6 HORMOOD 1,409

31.22% 12.53% SUB TOTAL OF REGION 25.80% 6.41% 21.39% 2.65% 53,096

28 SOOL REGION

# Political Association Number of Votes 1 KULMIYE 3,070 2 ASAD 1,707 3 UDUB 1,055 4 UCID 224 5 HORMOOD 154 6 SAHAN 51

49.03% 3.58% SUB TOTAL OF REGION 27.26% 2.46% 16.85% 0.81% 6,261

29 TOGHDHEER REGION

# Political Association Number of Votes 1 UDUB 18,330 2 KULMIYE 17,476 3 SAHAN 15,234 4 ASAD 9,283 5 UCID 4,821 6 HORMOOD 1,454

27.52% 13.94% SUB TOTAL OF REGION 26.24% 7.24% 22.87% 2.18% 66,598

30 FIRST PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION of 14th APRIL 2003

Region The Presidential National Other Candidate (Party) Awdal Hargeysa Saaxil Sanaag Sool Total Valid Vote Daahir Rayaale Kaahin of (UDUB) 43,347 79,328 17,554 23,359 3,715 38,105 187 205,595 Ahmed Mohamed Silanyo of 16,607 81,585 10,271 27,830 5,524 63,506 192 205,515 (KULMIYE) Faysal Ali Waraabe of (UCID) 5,976 47,951 2,712 6,749 463 13,453 129 77,433 Valid Votes 65,930 208,864 30,537 57,938 9,702 115,064 508 488,543 Invalid Votes 2,466 5,092 591 843 83 982 39 10,096

Total Votes 68,396 213,956 31,128 58,781 9,785 116,046 547 498,639

FIRST HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ELECTION of 29/09/2005

Region Party National Total Awdal Hargeysa Saaxil Sanaag Sool Togdheer UDUB 74,691 81,552 21,793 34,727 9,157 39,529 261,449 KULMIYE 26,837 95,881 12,355 36,652 8,964 47,639 228,328 UCID 31,498 75,796 18,331 17,907 2,436 34,583 180,551

Total Votes 133,026 253,229 52,479 89,286 20,557 121,751 670,328

31 SECOND PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS OF 26 JUNE 2010 REGION/District Candidate (Party)

Dahir Rayaale Ahmed Mohamed Faysal Ali Warabe Total Valid Votes Kahin (UDUB) Mohamud Silanyo (UCID) (KULMIYE) Votes Votes Votes Baki 8,826 3,951 370 13,147 Boorama 44,443 9,218 2,584 56,245 Lughaya 2,080 2,074 143 4,297 Saylac 4,256 3,209 184 7,649 AWDAL 59,605 18,452 3,281 81,338 Baligubadle 1,813 4,984 709 7,506 12,341 38,305 1,858 52,504 Hargeysa 40,919 73,884 50,616 165,419 Sallaxley 423 999 9,800 11,222 MAROODI-JEEX 55,496 118,172 62,983 236,651 11,046 8,115 2,048 21,209

32 Sheekh 4,507 2,433 1,062 8,002 SAAXIL 15,553 10,548 3,110 29,211 Badhan 734 126 965 1,825 Ceel Afweyn 2,762 9,313 1,971 14,046 Ceerigaabo 18,349 15,061 4,182 37,592 Dhahar** 0 0 0 0 Garadag 735 4,131 186 5,052 SANAAG 22,580 28,631 7,304 58,515 Caynabo 2,317 13,509 933 16,759 Las Canood 1,717 1,848 554 4,119 Xudun* 0 0 0 0 SOOL 4,034 15,357 1,487 20,878 Burco 16,824 63,554 8,999 89,377 Buuhoodle 309 7,252 149 7,710 Oodweyne 4,480 4,940 5,146 14,566 TOGDHEER 21,613 75,746 14,294 111,653

NATIONAL TOTAL 178,881 266,906 92,459 538,246

33 SECOND LOCAL COUNCIL ELECTIONS 28/11/2012

District Valid Invalid Region Umadda UCID Kulmiye Dalsan Rays Waddani Xaqsoor Grand Votes Votes Total

Awdal 12,477 14,101 39,803 8,795 6,465 24,239 8,579 114,459 861 115,320

Maroodi-Jeex 28,544 55,185 84,834 24,578 19,053 56,109 46,360 314,663 4,083 318,746

Saaxil 2,362 14,562 21,859 1,426 4,026 10,306 2,710 57,251 835 58,086

Togdheer 29,144 9,541 47,228 3,185 27,097 38,624 5,641 160,460 2,067 162,527

Sool 5,241 3,876 16,740 2,092 7,039 8,907 5,488 49,383 298 49,681

Sanaag 16,921 7,840 34,331 4,604 19,916 25,604 5,426 114,642 1,158 115,800

National 94,689 105,105 244,795 44,680 83,596 163,789 74,204 810,858 9,302 820,160 Total

34 Political Associations Seats by Districts

DISTRICT/REGION UMADDA UCID KULMIYE DALSAN RAYS WADDANI XAQSOOR TOTAL

Baki 2 0 5 2 0 3 1 13 Borame 3 3 7 1 2 4 1 21 Lughaya 0 2 6 0 0 2 3 13 Saylac 1 3 6 1 0 4 2 17 AWDAL 6 8 24 4 2 13 7 64 Balli-Gubadle 0 1 2 1 0 2 7 13 Gabiley 1 4 7 2 2 4 1 21 Hargeisa 3 4 7 2 1 4 4 25 Salaxley 0 5 3 0 1 2 2 13 MAROODI-JEEX 4 14 19 5 4 12 14 72 Berbera 1 5 9 0 2 3 1 21 Sheikh 0 3 4 1 0 4 1 13 SAAXIL 1 8 13 1 2 7 2 34 Burco 3 1 7 0 4 5 1 21 Buuhoodle* 3 2 7 0 3 2 0 17 Oodweyne 7 1 1 1 0 6 1 17 TOGDHEER 13 4 15 1 7 13 2 55 Caynabo 1 0 6 0 4 2 0 13 Laascaanood 2 3 6 1 0 4 5 21

35 Xuddun 5 0 0 2 0 6 0 13 SOOL 8 3 12 3 4 12 5 47 Ceelafweyn 1 1 8 1 3 3 0 17 Ceerigaabo 4 2 5 1 2 6 1 21 Garadag 0 0 3 0 8 2 0 13 Badhan* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dhahar* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SANAAG 5 3 16 2 13 11 1 51

Total 37 40 99 16 32 68 31 323

THIRD PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, NOVEMBER 13TH 2017

Total Total Invalid Total Valid Registered Voter District/Region UCID Kulmiye Waddani Total Voted Registered Votes Votes who didn’t Vote Voters 1 Saylac 66 6,099 3,398 9,903 340 9,563 4,990 14,553 2 Lughaya 65 6,413 1,137 7,686 71 7,615 4,208 11,823 3 Boorame 424 20,817 30,833 52,916 842 52,074 12,086 64,160 4 Baki 62 5,125 5,591 10,931 153 10,778 1,257 12,035 AWDAL 617 38,454 40,959 81,436 1,406 80,030 22,541 102,571 5 Gabiley 339 37,840 2,731 41,507 597 40,910 5,233 46,143 6 Hargeysa 15,342 86,024 54,013 157,977 2,598 155,379 23,949 179,328

36 7 Balli Gubadle 96 5,109 3,474 9,110 431 8,679 2,944 11,623 8 Salaxley 4,018 1,361 2,909 8,636 348 8,288 3,847 12,135 MAROODI-JEEX 19,795 130,334 63,127 217,230 3,974 213,256 35,973 249,229 9 Berbera 485 25,179 10,927 36,883 292 36,591 11,149 47,740 10 Sheekh 78 6,004 5,472 11,652 98 11,554 1,523 13,077 SAAXIL 563 31,183 16,399 48,535 390 48,145 12,672 60,817 11 Burco 973 51,626 42,643 97,442 2,200 95,242 23,169 118,411 12 Oodweyne 186 1,767 15,792 17,932 187 17,745 3,410 21,155 13 Buuhoodle 74 4,106 969 5,263 114 5,149 2,725 7,874 TOGDHEER 1,233 57,499 59,404 120,637 2,501 118,136 29,304 147,440 14 Caynabo 179 14,573 5,494 20,436 190 20,246 10,005 30,251 15 Laascaanood 158 5,060 8,865 14,598 515 14,083 8,939 23,022 16 Xudun 23 781 2,069 2,910 37 2,873 2,429 5,302 17 Taleex 23 1,293 998 2,354 40 2,314 2,809 5,123 SOOL 383 21,707 17,426 40,298 782 39,516 24,182 63,698 18 Gar-adag 145 7,331 1,396 8,937 65 8,872 3,484 12,356 19 Ceelafweyn 149 8,179 4,064 12,662 270 12,392 5,553 17,945 20 Ceerigaabo 243 10,599 22,207 34,084 1,035 33,049 12,749 45,798 21 Badhan 13 623 1,110 1,798 52 1,746 2,489 4,235 SANAAG 550 26,732 28,777 57,481 1,422 56,059 24,275 80,334 TOTAL VOTES 23,141 305,909 226,092 565,617 10,475 555,142 148,947 704,089

37 SOMALILAND’S VOTER REGISTRATION RESULTS:

RESULTS OF FIRST VOTER REGISTRATION (22/06/2010)* Description Registered Voters 1 Total Registered Voters 1,375,660 2 Total Valid Registered voters 1,191,905 3 Invalid Registered Voters 305,746 4 Voters who received their Voter Card, during the 1,069,914 Distribution Period 5 Total Number of Registered Voters who missed 123,867 to pick up their Voter Registration Card *Voter Registration begun in 2008 and finished 2009, due political tensions and disagreements between the stakeholders, the final agreed results were released 22/06/2010, four days before the presidential elections.

38 NEC ANNOUNCED THE RESULTS OF VOTER REGISTRATION ON 10/10/2017 Region Total Registered 1 Awdal 102,571 2 Maroodi-jeex 249,229 3 Saaxil 60,817 4 Togdheer 147,440 5 Sool 63,698 6 Sanaag 80,334 Total 704,089 Somaliland has 23 Electoral

Districts with 249 Local SANAAG REGION Councilors. Erigavo 13 Local Councilors

According the newly approved Local and Regional Badhan 11 Local Councilors Government Law (Law N0. 23/2019) the number of Local Councilors of Election Districts were decreased. Below are the updated number Ceelafweyn 11 Local Councilors of Local Councilors in each district. Laas-Qoray 9 Local Councilors MAROODI-JEEH REGION Dhahar 9 Local Councilors Hargeisa 17 Local Councilors Gar-adag 9 Local Councilors Gebilay 13 Local Councilors Total 62 Local Councilors Bali-gubadle 9 Local Councilors AWDAL REGION Sallax-ley 9 Local Councilors Borama 13 Local Councilors Total 48 Local Councilors Saylac 11 Local Councilors TOGDHEER REGION Baki 9 Local Councilors Burco 13 Local Councilors Lughaya 9 Local Councilors Oodweyne 11 Local Councilors Total 42 Local Councilors Buuhoodle 11 Local Councilors SOOL REGION Total 35 Local Councilors Laascaanood 13 Local Councilors SOOL REGION Caynaba 9 Local Councilors Berbera 13 Local Councilors Taleex 9 Local Councilors Sheikh 9 Local Councilors Xudun 9 Local Councilors Total 22 Local Councilors Total 40 Local Councilors SOMALILAND’s House of Representatives has has 82 members. According to Article 12 of Law No. 20-2/2005 here are the seat allocation of each region.

# REGION MEMBERS 1 Marodi-jeh 20 2 Togdheer 15 3 Awdal 13 4 Sool 12 5 Sanaag 12 6 Sahil 10 ANNEX II: COMISSIONS AND COMMITTEE OF DEMOCRATIZATION PROCESS

42 CONSTITUTIONAL COMMITTEES

SUPREME COURT MEMBERS WHO ANNOUNCED THE RESULT OF THE SOMALILAND CONSTITUTIONAL REFERENDUM (13/06/2001) 1 Cismaan Xuseen Khayre Chairman 2 Sh. Mohamed Hassan Duale Member 3 Shawqi Elmi Ali Member 4 Mohamed Yusuf Aynaan Member 5 Sh. Mohamed Abdi Naaleeye Member

SOMALILAND’S CONSTITUTIONAL REFERENDUM COMMITTEE 1 Ahmed Jaambiir Suldaan Chairman 2 Abdulkadir Haji Ismail Jirde Deputy Chair 3 Abdullaahi Ibraahin Habbane Secretary 4 Saeed Jama Ali Member 5 Ali Omar Ahmed Member 6 Adan Ahmed Diriye Member

43 PREPARATION COMMITTEE OF THE CONSTITUTION 1 Sh. Cabdilaahi Sh. Call Jawhar Chairman 2 Mohamed Ahmed Abdulle Deputy Chair 3 Abdulkadir Ismail Jirde Secretary 4 Sh. Maxamuud Suufi Muhumed Member 5 Mohamed Saeed Gees Member 6 Sh. Cali Sh. Cabdi Guuleed Member 7 Faysal Xaaji Jaamac Member 8 Cismaan Xuseen Khayre Member 9 Prof. Faarax Cabdullaahi Fariid Member 10 Prof. Maxamuud Nuur Caalin Member 11 Xasan Cabdi Xabad Member 12 Axmed Macalin Jaamac Member 13 Yuusuf Aadan Xuseen Member 14 Cismaan Cali Blue Member 15 Maxamed Jaamac Faarax Member

REVISION COMMITTEE OF THE CONSTITUTION – HOUSE OF ELDERS 1 MP Saeed Jama Ali Chairman 2 MP Ahmed Nuur Aw Ali Secretary 3 MP Abdullaahi Sh. Hassan Member 4 MP Saeed Abdullaahi Yaasir Member 5 MP Ali Haaji Abdi Duaale Member 6 MP Abdirahman Ahmed Aareeye Member

44 7 MP Mohamed Isse Farah Member 8 MP Yusuf Abdullaahi Awale Member 9 MP Muhumed Aw Ahmed Member 10 MP Mohamed Gaahnuug Jaamac Member 11 MP Mohamed Osman Guuleed Member

REVISION COMMITTEE OF THE CONSTITUTION OF HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1 MP Hassan Ahmed Duale Chairman 2 MP Ali Mohamed Omar Secretary 3 MP Abdirahman Hussein Abdi Member 4 MP Mohamed Hussein Dhamac Member 5 MP Abdi Daahir Amoud Member 6 MP Abdullaahi Ibraahin Kaarshe Member 7 MP Ahmed Abdullaahi Ali Member 8 MP Faysal Haaji Jaamac Member 9 MP Mohamed Aadan Gabaloos Member 10 MP Omar Nuur Aare Member 11 MP Yaasiin Faarah Ismail Member 12 MP Yaasiin Mohamoud Hiir Member 13 MP Ali Obsiiye Dirie Member

45 COMMITTEE OF AUTHENTICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION 1 Ahmed Mohamed Aadan Qaybe Chairman of the House of Representatives 2 Ahmed Nur Aw Ali Secretary (House of Elders) 3 Mohamed Hussein Osman Secretary of the House of Representatives 4 Abdullaahi Sheekh Hassan Member of the House of Elders

Somaliland’s First Electoral Commission from 2002 to 2007

COMMITTEE OF AUTHENTICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION 1 Ahmed Haji Ali Adami Chairman 2 Shukri Haji Ismail Bandare Member 3 Abdullaahi Haaji Omar Member 4 Muuse Mohamed Jama Member 5 Ahmed Aadan Goodir Member 6 Mohamed Sh. Abdullaahi Member 7 Mohamud Garaad Mohamed Member

46 SOMALILAND’S SECOND ELECTORAL COMMISSION MEMBERS (2007-2009) 1 Mohamed Ismail Mohamed Chairman 2 Jama Mohamud Egeh (Later Elected as Chairman) 3 Hersi Ali Haji Hasan (Later Replaced by Ali Mohamed Abdullahi) 4 Mohamed Yusuf Ahmed 5 Ahmed Mohamed Dahir (Later on Replaced by Khadar Mohamed Guuleed) 6 Ismail Muse Nur 7 Hassan Mohamed Omar (Later on Replaced by Hassan Omar Hoorri)

SOMALILAND’S THIRD ELECTORAL COMMISSION (2009-2014) 1 Essa Yusuf Mohamed Chairman 2 Mohamed Ahmed Hersi (Later Elected as Chairman) 3 Ali-khadar Hassan Osman 4 Abdifatah Ibraahin Hassan 5 Faarah Abib Aadan 6 Raabi Abdi Mohamed 7 Abdirahman Mohamed Ismail

47 SOMALILAND’S FOURTH ELECTORAL COMMISSION (2014-2019) 1 Abdulkadir Iimaan Warsame Chairman 2 Mohamoud Hassan Wais 3 Said Ali Muse 4 Abdifatah Ibrahin Hassan 5 Mohamed Jama Mohamed 6 Kaltun Sh. Hassan Abdi 7 Abdirahman Osman Adan

SOMALILAND FIVE ELECTORAL COMMISSION

1 Eng Cabdirashiid Maxamud Cali Chairman 2 Mustafe Maxamed Daahir 3 Kaltuun Sheekh Xasan Cabdi 4 Maxamuud Daahir Jaamac 5 Cabdiramaan Ismaaciil Dixood 6 Cabdifataax Sheekh Ibrahim Xasan 7 Maxamuud Siciid Dalmar

48 FIRST COMMITTEE FOR REGISTRATION AND APPROVAL OF POLITICAL PARTIES OCTOBER 2001 1 Mohamed Jama Bodle (Guun) Chairman 2 Adan Geedi Qeyd Vice Chairman 3 Saleeban Yusuf Cali (Kore) Secretary 4 Mohamed Jama Bodle Member 5 Hassan Ahmed Nur Member 6 Ali Yusuf Ahmed Member 7 Yusuf Omer Mohamed Member 8 Mohamed Ahmed Dualeh Member 9 Abdillahi Bokh Kunshe Member 10 Adan Gedi Qayad Member

SECOND COMMITTEE FOR REGISTRATION AND APPROVAL OF POLITICAL PARTIES (2011) 1 Abdirizak Jamac Omar Ciyaalle 2 Mohamed Abdi Maalik 3 Abdalle Ibraahin Mohamed 4 Aadan Geeddi Qaydi 5 Ismail Abdullaahi Ali 6 Omar Hassan Jaamac 7 Hassan Ahmed Duale (Macalin)

49 ELECTION MONITORING BOARD FROM 2001 TO 2017 National Electoral Commission, nominates every election a neutral people with integrity who independently oversee the elections, & enforces the code of ethics that political parties signed.

ELECTION MONITORING AND INTEGRITY COMMITTEE 2002 1 DR. Hussein Bulhan 2 Abdirahman Abdullaahi Jama 3 Abdirahman Yusuf Artan 4 Mohamed Ibraahin Warsame Hadraawi 5 Mohamed Hashi Dhamac Gaariye 6 Dr Aadan Yusuf Abokor 7 Rashiid Sheekh Abdullaahi 8 Sheekh Mohamed Omar Dirir 9 Sheekh Ismail Hurre (Dheeg) 10 Ismahan Abdisalaan 11 Amina Mohamed (Milgo) 12 Abdi Yusuf Duale (Boobe)

50 ELECTION MONITORING COMMITTEE FOR 2005 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 1 Hassan Meygaag Samatar 2 Dr. Aden Abokor Yusuf 3 Prof. Abdi Haybe Elmi 4 Aden Muse Jibriil 5 Hussein Ali Nuur 6 Abdillahi Ahmed Qulumbe 7 Yasin Ibrahin Magan 8 Hassan Mohamed Jama 9 Saeed Ali Giir 10 Mohamed Omar Hussein Dhuux 11 Abdullaahi Saed Farah 12 Abdilkadir Ali Hassan 13 Rashid Sheikh Abdullaahi 14 Sacdiya Aw Muuse Ahmed

Election Monitoring Committee of 19th April 2008 1 Adan Baxnan Ibraahin 2 Xuseen Cali Nuur 3 Prof Axmed Maxamed Cadeed 4 Yaasiin Mohamed Ahmed 5 Dr. Aadan Yuusuf Abokor 6 Nuur Ahmed Ibraahin

51 7 Aadan Hirsi Suge 8 Dr Yaasiin Ibraahin Magan 9 Rashiid Sheekh Ibraahin 10 Saado Hashi Awed 11 Hodon Mohamed Jama 12 Sh. Ismaaciil Cabdi Hurre Dheeg 13 Mohamed Abdirahman Qamariye 14 Jama Mohamed Ahmed 15 Abdulkadir Abdi Hassan

NATIONAL ELECTION MONITORING BOARD OF 2010 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS 1 Ahmed Mohamed Cadaad Chairman 2 Nur Ahmed Ibraahin Deputy Chair 3 Ibraahin Siyaad Yoonis Secretary 4 Ali Abdullaahi Daahir 5 Dr. Aadan Yuusuf Abokor 6 Osman Qaasim Qodax 7 Mohamud Abdi Hamud

52 National Electoral Monitoring Board of 2012 Local Council Elections

1 Dr Aadan Yuusuf Abokor 2 Axmed Maxamed Cadaad 3 Cabdi qaadir Cali Dube 4 Nuur Axmed Ibraahin 5 Cabdi Yuusuf Aar 6 Canab Abiib Daahir 7 Mubaarik Ibraahin Aar 8 Suldaan Naasir Cabdi Ismaaciil

NATIONAL ELECTORAL MONITORING BOARD OF 2017 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS

1 Suad Ibrahin Abdi Chairman 2 Mohamed Abdullaahi Bootaan 3 Abdulkadir Osman Hersi 4 Aadan Hussein Muhumed 5 Abdirahman Aadan Muhumed 6 Sh. Ali Adan Samatar 7 Yaasiin Qalinle Kaahin

53 NATIONAL CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE FOR REOPING OF THE POLITICAL PARTIES 2011 1 MP Sh. Mohamud Hirsi Farah 2 MP Saleebaan Yusuf Ali Koore 3 Keyse Hassan Ige 4 Anab Omar Ileeye 5 Abdullaahi Saeed Dheere 6 Hassan Hussein Odyare 7 Barkhad Jama Hirsi 8 Prof. Hussein Hassan Guuleed 9 Dr Mohamed Osman Fadal 10 Mohamed Abdullaahi Duale 11 Amina Abdullaahi Ahmed 12 Khadar Nuur Aw Abdi 13 Kaltuun Sh. Hassan Abdi 14 Jama Mohamud Egal 15 Sh. Almis Sheekh Yahye 16 Suldaan Ahmed Daahir 17 Dr Mohamed Rashiid Sheekh Hassan 18 Mohamed Muuse Abees

54 REFERENCES:

• IRI, Somaliland September 29, 2005 Parliamentary Election Assessment Report • http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/Somaliland%27s%202005%20Parliamentary%20Elections%20 Assessment.pdf (Accessed September 2009) • Kabemba, (2003) Report on the South African Mission on the Somaliland Presidential Elections, EISA MAY 2003 • Final Report of the Initiative & Referendum Institute’s Election Monitoring Team Issued on July 27, 2001, http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Somaliland_Referendum_Report_2001.pdf • Jama, Ibrahin Hashi, (2009) SOMALILAND ELECTORAL LAWS, Somaliland Law Series p.p 19 http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Somaliland_Electoral_Laws_Handbook__2008PP.pdf (Visited 19/09/2019) • African Election Database, http://africanelections.tripod.com/somaliland_detail.html (Accessed September 2019) • Abokor, Kibble, Bradbury, Yusuf, Barret (2005) Further steps to democracy,“The Somaliland Elections)” • Guurti Extension Resolution, Reference Number “JSL/M/GG/81/2-3218/04/2015” 25/04/2015. • Agreement between Political Parties and Government, Reference No. “KDQ/XK/540/08” 09/06/2008. • Code of Conduct for Selection Criteria of the Three Political Parties, Reference No. “GDU/AAS/146/2012” 09/10/2012. • Somaliland National Electoral Comission, “Election Results” https://www.slnec.com/elections/election-results/ • Initiative and Referendum Institute (2005) Final Report on the Election Monitoring Team, http://www.iandrinsti- tute.org/docs/Final-Somaliland-Report-7-24-01-combined.pdf (Accessed September 2019) • Hashi, (2015) Guurti Term Extensions Necessitates Statutory Reforms, Somaliland Sun. http://www.somalil- andsun.com/somaliland-guurti-term-extensions-necessitates-statutory-reforms/ • BBC Somali Report about the Impeachment Motions in the Parliament, https://www.bbc.com/somali/news/ story/2009/09/090908_somaliland.shtml • http://berberanews.com/komishanka-oo-magacaabay-guddida-dabagalka-iyo-habsami-u-socodka-doorashooy- inka/

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