VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY MUSIC ACADEMY Department of Music Theory and Pedagogy

CHUNQIU JIAO

APPLICATION OF CHINESE TRADITIONAL MUSIC IN MODERN MUSIC TEACHING Master thesis KINIJOS TRADICINĖS MUZIKOS TAIKYMAS ŠIUOLAIKINĖJE MUZIKOS MOKYMOSE Magistro darbas

Title of the study programme: Performing arts (6211PX027) Field of studies: MUSIC (C001)

Advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rimantas Astrauskas ______2020-06-09

Defended: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Saulius Gerulis ______2019-06-06

Kaunas, 2020 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION...... 3 Glossary of concepts...... 6 1.THE ORETICAL ANALYSIS OF CHINESE TRADITIONAL MUSIC AND MODERN MUSIC...... 7 1.1. The concept of Chinese traditional music...... 7 1.2. Factors affecting the development of Chinese traditional music...... 10 1.2.1. Analysis of the current situation of Chinese traditional music...... 10 1.2.2. The value of traditional Chinese music culture...... 13 1.2.3. Application and development...... 17 1.2.4. Inheritance and innovation of traditional music in modern music teaching...... 21 2.APPLICATION OF CHINESE TEADITIONAL MUSIC IN MODERN MUSIC TEACHING: THE RESULTS OF CASE STUDY IN UNIVERSITIES25 2.1. Methods of the research...... 25 2.2. Analysis of Chinese traditional music in modern music teaching: students attitude...... 25 2.3. Interview on some important aspects of the application of Chinese traditional music in modern music teaching...... 39 CONCLUSIONS...... 45 REFERENCES...... 47 ANNEXES...... 50

2 INTRODUCTION

Relevance of the research. According to Y. Li (2018), Chinese traditional music is composed of the essence and characteristics of the fifty-six nationalities in China. So there are places that our contemporary music can't touch. Moreover, although the current music is well-known and widely spread, the depth of music has no great significance. Therefore, our modern music should be in line with the traditional music, and strive to make better music. Therefore, learning music teaching should contact more with traditional music, in order to make a better foundation and preparation for the future development of music. In accordance with Z. Wu (2016), Chinese traditional music is broad and profound, has a long history, and has a high historical and cultural value and aesthetic value. The inheritance and development of traditional Chinese music is an integral whole. In today's society, music teaching should be combined with traditional Chinese music. Only in this way can the young generation understand traditional Chinese music and make it develop well. According to X. Zhou (2010), in modern society, people's entertainment has changed, and TV, film and other entertainment has become the mainstream way. However, many traditional cultural heritages representing China's own nation have been impacted more and more. Since the end of last century, traditional music has been in a state of continuous decline, the living space has been shrinking, many musical instruments, plays and even have been lost. So how to protect, inherit and develop Chinese traditional music effectively is what educators should think about for a long time. X. Y. Li (2016) believes that music, for any nation in the world, is a good carrier of civilization. China has a history of five thousand years. In the process of historical inheritance, the contribution of music is indispensable. Up to now, many ethnic groups still choose to use music to carry their own national culture. It carries the history of the Chinese nation, transmits the knowledge accumulated by the people in their long-term life, and is the accumulation of national development. Music, in some ways, can also teach people to set up correct values. Therefore, in the process of modern music teaching, Chinese traditional music contains a lot of historical information, which needs us to learn and inherit. Z. X. Cai (2015) believed that music is the comprehensive emotional embodiment of human thought, art and aesthetics. Chinese traditional music has a long history and distinctive national characteristics,After thousands of years of accumulation, precipitation and development, it has formed rich content, unique style and cultural heritage behind it, and bloomed in the world's music halls.The current era of digital media is the era of the Internet. The popularity of mobile phones and networks has a great impact on traditional music and culture education. Digital media has the characteristics of immediacy, repeatability, initiative, communication, freedom, etc. it has a great 3 advantage for contemporary students to get their favorite music. Based on the importance of traditional music and culture education to college students,It is one of the important contents of the current quality education to strengthen the education of the contemporary students' Chinese traditional music culture and to raise the quality cultivation of the contemporary students' music culture. Therefore, it is of great significance to systematically analyze the current situation of Chinese traditional music culture in music education in the era of digital media, and put forward corresponding suggestions and Countermeasures for the innovation of Chinese traditional music culture. According to Q. M. Zhang (2015) Chinese traditional music contains a lot of cultural essence. Many traditional music have ancient philosophy and cultural traditional ideas, and pursue smooth, natural and implicit educational thoughts and spiritual interests.In the process of modern music education, we should improve the ability to appreciate traditional music, dig out the excellent thinking of traditional music, and improve the teaching quality of modern music.The integration of traditional music ideas in modern education can cultivate students' interpersonal communication ability, improve students' innovative spirit and enhance students' music comprehension ability. L. Yu (2016) believes that, music as a carrier is a means of inheriting human culture, and is also a crystallization of cultural heritage. Traditional music is a medium that is rooted in life and naturally releases emotions. At present, with the development of society, traditional music has become marginalized. Although many scholars are trying to redeem it, many places have not paid much attention to the inheritance and development of traditional music. Modern music education bears the heavy responsibility of inheriting traditional music culture. While imparting new ideas, we must also pay attention to the cultivation of traditional music. Only in this way can we effectively inherit and develop the traditional music of the Chinese nation. T. T. Guo (2012) pointed out, Chinese music has a long history. Traditional Chinese music is an important form and carrier of Chinese culture. Traditional Chinese music contains the rich cultural heritage and philosophical thinking of the Chinese nation. Inheriting Chinese music culture and finding the educational ideas contained in it can even promote national music. It also has special educational value for how to cultivate students 'social activities and interpersonal communication skills, and finds that students' wisdom and innovative spirit. Therefore, by studying the ideas of traditional Chinese music culture and Chinese traditional music culture, it plays an important role in modern music education. M. Z. Wang (2019) pointed out, that traditional Chinese music has great vitality and still has a strong guiding role in social practice today. Continuously improving the status of traditional culture and promoting the integration of traditional culture and modern education are the inevitable situation for the development of China's education. As far as modern music teaching is concerned, 4 the integration of traditional music culture in the classroom can continuously cultivate students' cultural heritage, improve students' aesthetic ability, enhance students' national self-confidence and pride, and comprehensively improve student cultural literacy. According to W. W. Zhang (2017), China's modern music education industry is continuously progressing. At present, Chinese educators are more concerned about how to introduce traditional music culture in the process of modern music teaching.Introducing traditional music culture into the modern music teaching process can help students to improve their overall quality while acquiring rich music knowledge. Therefore, in the process of organizing classroom activities, we must pay attention to the scientific integration of traditional music culture, do not ignore the inheritance of traditional music, and take reasonable teaching measures based on the actual learning situation of students to inherit and promote China's outstanding traditional music culture. To promote the smooth development of teaching. The problem of the research: In the process of modern music teaching, how to apply Chinese traditional music better? The object of the research：The particularity of Chinese traditional music and its integration with modern music teaching. The aim of the research：Reveal the particularity of Chinese traditional music and think about the best way and form to integrate it into modern music teaching. The objectives of the research: 1. Analysis of scientific literature on traditional Chinese music in modern music teaching. 2. Discover the particularity of traditional music in modern music teaching. 3. Reveal the factors that influence the transmission of traditional Chinese music. Research methods: ● The analysis of scientific literature ● Questionnaire. ● Interview. ● Data analysis：quantitative (absolute and percent) and qualitative (content analysis).

5 Glossary of concepts

Chinese traditional music: Chinese traditional music refers to the music created by Chinese people in their own way, in their own form and with their own characteristics. It includes not only the ancient works produced and handed down in history, but also the contemporary works. It is an extremely important part of Chinese national music (Liu, 2001). Modern music: Modern music refers to music created in the late 19th and 20th centuries using traditional non-functional harmony systems as the theoretical support, and new composition techniques, music theory, and musical language. (Zhao, 2006) The difference between traditional Chinese music and modern music: Chinese traditional music is an extremely important part of Chinese national music. The difference between traditional music and new music is not in the sequence of creation time, but in its expression and style characteristics. It can be seen that traditional music includes Chinese music but not new music, but they are all Chinese music.Traditional Chinese music includes folk music, literati music, religious music, and court music. The folk music includes folk songs, folk instrumental music, folk songs and dances, opera music and rap music. Literati music includes Guqin music, poetry recitals, and literati self-song songs. Religious music includes Buddhist music, Taoist music, and other religious music; court music includes sacrifice music, court music, and banquet music (Du, 2004).

6 1.THE ORETICAL ANALYSIS OF CHINESE TRADITIONAL

MUSIC AND MODERN MUSIC

1.1. The concept of Chinese traditional music According to the research by X. Guan (2019), traditional Chinese music has formed and accumulated in a long agricultural society, innovated and developed in the inheritance of the music culture of various ethnic groups in history and the integration with foreign music culture. In China, music that had been formed before the Qing Dynasty is often classified as part of traditional music. Traditional Chinese music includes contemporary Chinese people's own methods that have been inherited from their own ethnic groups, and that have been created using their own indigenous forms, and have musical forms that are inherent to their ethnic groups. However, it does not include music that was introduced into China from the West in the recent historical period. Chinese traditional music is a study of traditional Chinese music. So the study of traditional music is called traditional musicology. According to Y. H. Wang (2010), the structural characteristics of traditional Chinese music, The first is the structure level of traditional Chinese music based on the cavity, The second is the variability and regularity of the music level, The third is the gradual characteristics of traditional Chinese music thinking and creative methods. Its philosophical concept is that the Tao has one life, one life two, two life three, three life, and the doctrine of the mean, that is, the Tao is the foundation, the one is the foundation, the shape is the essence, and the middle is the rule. J. F.Yuan (2000) summarized the system of Chinese traditional music research. The first is the five categories of folk music, folk and ancient songs, dance and dance music, rap music, opera music and folk instrumental music. The second is the division of syllogism such as historian fault theory, pre-Qin bell and drum music, medieval trick music and modern secular music. The third is regional color theory. The fourth is the theory of cultural flow. The fifth is the four categories of traditional Chinese music, folk music, literati music, court music and religious music. The sixth is the theory of national music. There are different purposes, tasks and pertinences under different titles. B. Chen and B. Y. Wang (2017) proposed that, Chinese traditional music is secular music and belongs to a kind of folk culture. Its original function was court ritual and entertainment, and it later became the spiritual and cultural form of the whole society. Music is a product of ideology. According to Hegel, music is a concrete form of spiritual practice. With the development of society, many changes have taken place in the function of music. From the original pure expression of emotions to the current commercial entertainment function, the instrumental change has been 7 unknowingly completed, and the traditional music and modern There are many conflicts in human spirituality. For example, the music of mountains and rivers is so incompatible with the modern scene of life. Therefore, from the perspective of modern philosophy, traditional Chinese music is essentially natural music or natural life music. The ancient Z. Lao pointed out, traditional Chinese music pursues subtle beauty, attaches importance to the combination of reality and reality, complements yin and yang, and coexists imagery as the highest artistic realm. This concept is a product of Taoist thought. Taoism proposed that music should pay attention to the experience of nature, life, society, and the heart. This aesthetic orientation that emphasizes inner perception not only affects the aesthetics of traditional music, but also accords with today's appreciation of re-creation. W.Gao (2011) pointed out that in practice, traditional Chinese music often uses melody to abstract and unrealize the theme's expression, which is different from the West's use of harmony, polyphony, and orchestration to make the theme concrete and realistic. It can be said that western music is mainly expressed as profound, and traditional Chinese music is mainly expressed as profound. The depth of traditional Chinese music refers to the experience and comprehension shown in musical thinking. As far as the artistic conception of music is concerned, the traditional Chinese music seeks to be gentle, deep, subtle, and thin, and the time is based on the feelings of the soul. Chinese traditional music is dynamic and moving. It can not rely on rationality, but on perception and intuition. It is an aesthetic quality outside the theme. The ancient B. Wang (434) pointed out, the beauty of imagery has a profound impact on the aesthetic appreciation of traditional Chinese music. In the creation of the beauty of traditional Chinese music, it is concentrated on freehand painting and realism in freehand writing. The pursuit is a field that is similar to the realm of religion, but has a subtle difference from religion. That is, in the artistic conception, the emotion and the scene blend into each other. The deep emotions are discovered by the scene. Illusions, which constitute a unique universe and a brand new image.Because the highest state of traditional Chinese music is the beauty of imagery, it requires creators and viewers to use the abstract sound, rely on their inner feelings, exert aesthetic associations, and pursue the sound beyond the strings to get the deep meaning. Ancient S. Y. Lu (347) proposed, traditional Chinese music is not simply expression, but a new method beyond expression and reproduction, which is freehand. Interpretation of the rhythm of life and its own charm through the processing of tone colors and the fluctuations of the tone sequence. This is an in-depth experience, feeling, capture and expression of the inner rhythm of life. The charm and interest of traditional music. Ancient Z. Zhuang (221) proposed, the most beautiful music in the world, and the purest music is the natural and simple inner voice. Music has to create a distant, hazy, and vast void. This 8 imaginary artistic conception constitutes traditional Chinese music. The artistic conception expressed by Chinese traditional music is an ethereal state. Such aesthetic categories as emptiness and artistic conception are one of the important aesthetic characteristics of traditional Chinese music. Ancient Confucius (541) believed that, music is a means of shaping sentiment. Music can regulate human behavior and etiquette. The ultimate purpose of music is to educate people to become moral people. Music can satisfy spiritual enjoyment, improve people's aesthetic values, improve their comprehensive ability, and increase their knowledge. Studying music can cultivate an optimistic attitude, bring aesthetic experience to people, strengthen interpersonal communication, teach people to establish correct ideas, and improve people's understanding of nature. Music can change the social atmosphere and is a means to realize political thought. Music must show goodness and beauty, and emotional expression must be peaceful and temperate. These constitute the basic ideas of traditional Chinese music. L. Ma (2010) believes that, as a cultural behavior, traditional Chinese music must have its aesthetic ideals, that is, the aesthetics of music embodies the unique humanistic concepts, value care, and meaning of life in traditional Chinese culture. From the perspective of humanistic value, traditional music has important humanistic significance in the construction of human existence and personality. Chinese traditional music fully emphasizes the social function of music, constructs an ideal personality in a unique way, and changes the style with the beautiful music. The sense of artistic mission and responsibility of the humanistic spirit plays an important role in enlightening the development of music art today. Chinese traditional music, as one of the foundations of the formation of Chinese traditional culture, has profoundly reflected the humanistic meaning of Chinese music in aesthetic thinking and artistic expression. This humanistic meaning is unique with the traditional charm and thoughts of the Chinese cultural spirit, forming its own unique cultural world and spiritual space. Traditional Chinese music consciously pursues the ideal state of existence in the realization of the aesthetic function of unifying the release of emotions and the development of the mind, expressing the fundamental meaning of cognitive existence, and embodying the affectionate care for life. In short, China is a country with a long history and has a profound cultural accumulation and diverse cultural forms. Chinese traditional music is based on Confucianism and Taoism in ancient Chinese feudal society. After a long period of practical development and change, it has formed national music. Traditional Chinese music has been inherited and evolved through a long history, and now it is presented to the world today with an image of ancient charm and outstanding personality. We must protect Chinese traditional music, make it more durable, and obtain better development, and let Chinese traditional music exude its own artistic value. 9 1.2. Factors affecting the development of Chinese traditional music 1.2.1. Analysis of the current situation of Chinese traditional music According to Y. Zou (2015), in modern teaching, Chinese traditional music faces a difficult breakthrough. Students' understanding of traditional music is seriously inadequate, and there are great misunderstandings in the appreciation and inheritance of traditional music. According to the current school curriculum design, most schools have almost no arrangements for traditional Chinese art courses, which is largely detrimental to the establishment and cultivation of students' interests. All these conditions show that China's traditional cultural status is at stake. In modern culture education, many young teachers do not have a clear love for traditional culture, and students have a weaker understanding of traditional culture. This situation has seriously affected the development of traditional Chinese music. In terms of appreciation of music, they tend to prefer current popular music or western music, while little is known about classical Chinese classical music. In modern music teaching, we should increase the curriculum of traditional music, and strengthen teachers and students' understanding of traditional music. According to Q. M. Zhang (2015), in the contemporary education system, few people can actively learn traditional music when choosing music. The lack of traditional music culture has led many people to lose their excellent traditional culture. Aesthetic formalism prevails in society, and traditional beliefs are difficult to find. The prospect of traditional music is worrying. In social life, many young people do not realize the importance of traditional music and ignore the spread of traditional music. As a result, the level of traditional music has become narrower and narrower, and many traditional music has lost its transmission. In the teaching of modern music, traditional music is rarely applied. Many modern music lack nationality, which makes music lose its cultural character. Therefore, whether modern music can integrate and apply traditional music and create a more exciting cultural situation has a long way to go. According to R. H. Liu (2010), the development of traditional Chinese music is slow, and there is a feeling of powerlessness in the face of the rise of modern music, unable to adapt to the development trend of modern music. At the same time, there is a certain deviation in the current concept of music teaching. Music artists have certain misunderstandings when they appreciate music, which has caused problems in social appreciation of music. In modern times, many people think that traditional Chinese music has certain gaps with western music in terms of performance, artistry, and ideology. As a result, more and more people like Western music and ignore the development of traditional Chinese music. This situation is very detrimental to traditional Chinese music teaching. Therefore, when conducting music teaching, we must recognize that Chinese and Western music have their own strengths. Teachers should strive to apply traditional Chinese music to modern music teaching when conducting modern music teaching. 10 Z. Wang (2019) pointed out, the traditional music culture of the Chinese nation has a long history. In the course of development, due to historical and social reasons, Chinese traditional music culture has been damaged to varying degrees. However, Chinese traditional music culture now has strong vitality and has a strong guiding role in today's music education. Promoting the application of traditional music in modern music teaching is an inevitable trend in the development of Chinese education. The application of traditional music culture in modern classrooms is an important means of modern music teaching. Q. H. Gong (2017) pointed out, judging from the current situation of music teaching in universities in China at this stage, there are widespread teaching disadvantages that focus on Western music culture and ignore Chinese traditional music culture. School teachers do not pay attention to the development and innovation of traditional music, and do not form a correct understanding of traditional Chinese music. Therefore, a correct understanding and a deep understanding of the excellence of China's traditional music culture will help music teachers to change their minds, increase their attention to traditional music culture, protect and develop traditional music. According to T. T. Sun (2006), Chinese traditional music has been impacted in many ways in modern society, making its development facing a crisis. There are certain problems in the curriculum setting of traditional music in school education, which makes students lack of understanding of traditional music, which leads to students being unable to recognize the artistic charm of traditional music. Therefore, it is a very important task to bring into play the role of school education and introduce traditional music into modern music teaching. According to K. X. Li (2015), at present, the attention of Chinese schools on traditional music teaching is not ideal, and there is a disconnection. The teaching of music majors in most schools is more focused on the explanation of western music theory, and less attention is paid to the traditional music in the country. Taking western music art theory as the starting point for music cognition, it has weakened the charm of traditional Chinese music. In modern music classrooms, teachers often give students concrete examples of Western music when imparting theoretical knowledge. Instead, they push Chinese traditional music farther and farther. Although some experts have asked to improve the status of traditional Chinese music, the effect is not ideal. Therefore, to truly develop Chinese traditional music, we must establish the important position of traditional music in modern music education, and truly treat Chinese traditional music as an important content of music education. M. Li (2014) pointed out, in the digital media era, the immediacy, repetitiveness, initiative, communication, and freedom of online music dissemination make modern music life colorful and bring serious challenges to the dissemination of traditional Chinese music culture. At the same time, 11 the school does not pay enough attention to the development of Chinese traditional music culture. In the current era of open and diversified digital media, the immediateness of online music dissemination and initiative allow students to choose their favorite music at will. Most students choose to listen to popular songs , almost no one will listen to traditional music. It can be seen that the lack of development of traditional music culture in modern music education has led to the predicament of traditional Chinese music and caused serious faults in the development and innovation of Chinese traditional music culture. In today's social environment in which the times are changing, traditional music education in school music education must be strengthened, and the development and innovation of traditional Chinese music culture must be strengthened through effective channels. According to T. Guo (2012), a survey of some young people born in the 1980s and 1990s shows that this generation of young people is clearly insufficiently aware of traditional music culture. The prospects for the development of traditional culture are worrying. In the survey on traditional music and art, only a few students expressed their preference for traditional music, and considered that more than half of the students were not interested. This questionnaire survey shows that current students know almost nothing about traditional Chinese music, and Chinese traditional music is also disappearing from the perspective of modern students. It can be seen that with the growth of the younger generation, their recognition of traditional music Knowledge and identification seem superficial and fragile, and their prospects are worrying. In the context of the new era, we should refine the essence of traditional music, inject new vitality into traditional music, give them positive connotations, and make traditional music meet the requirements of the times and meet the needs of young people. According to J. L. Liang (2002), The modern Chinese music teaching model is centered on European music. On this teaching model, the group of music teachers trained in China has begun to lack the basis of traditional music teaching, and the understanding of the music system has therefore focused more on Western music culture. In actual teaching, they are also very inclined to use their own knowledge system that lacks the foundation of traditional music to affect their students. This situation is very detrimental to the development of traditional Chinese music. We must begin to pay full attention to the education of traditional music culture in modern music teaching, and also update and improve related education models to apply traditional music to modern music teaching. J. Han (2014) pointed out, excellent traditional music in China has not been well developed in modern music teaching, and students have very little knowledge of traditional music. Most of them don't know which excellent traditional music exists in China, so it is difficult to develop. They prefer to get in touch with the current pop music. This has a lot to do with the teaching of teachers, because the music teachers were asked in the survey of the teachers, and their answer was that they 12 did not know what traditional music is in China. Therefore, the lack of teacher knowledge does not affect music teaching. Involves the teaching of traditional Chinese music. Only by strengthening teachers' understanding of traditional music can we better develop traditional Chinese music. According to T. T. Sun (2006), in China, western music theories occupy a dominant position in the current school music education system, and there is no systematic study of traditional music knowledge. Many students major in piano, vocal music, and basic music theory during their studies, ignoring the study of traditional Chinese folk songs and folk instruments. Therefore, the development of traditional Chinese music is facing great difficulties. Chinese traditional history has a long history, and there is a certain cognitive distance from students. So now we need to use traditional music in the teaching process easily and lively, comfortably and fun, and protect it Chinese traditional music culture. The development status of traditional Chinese music in modern music teaching is not very good. However, Chinese traditional music contains a large number of cultural spirits and plays an important role in training students' healthy personality. In modern music teaching, we must improve our ability to appreciate traditional music and discover the excellent ideas in traditional music. Applying traditional music to modern education can improve students 'innovative spirit and enhance students' ability to understand music.

1.2.2. The value of traditional Chinese music culture According to L. Wang (2016), the origin of traditional Chinese music and art has a long history, and as early as in the distant mythological era, Chinese music concepts and forms already existed. The development process has gone through ancient times, middle times and modern times. In ancient times, music, dance and poetry were tightly coupled. In the Middle Ages, the country began to set up music institutions to train music talents and collect music materials from various places. Music has developed slowly in modern times. The historical value of Chinese traditional music is mainly reflected in the long history and cultural traditions, and also in the form of musical works throughout the historical development process. It plays an important role in the development of world music and plays an important value. Y. W. Zhang (2019) pointed out, the development of music has a social function. In the development of Chinese history and real life, traditional music culture plays an important role in maintaining social stability, maintaining social life, prospering social civilization, nourishing traditional emotions, and fostering traditional aesthetics. Traditional music is the foundation of spiritual sustenance and emotional identity for survival and development. According to C. M. Meng (2004), traditional Chinese music was mainly influenced by the ancient Taoist and Confucian ideas. Confucianism began to form at the end of the slave society and 13 was an important ruling thought in feudal society. The idea of ritual music is advocated by Confucianism. It mainly puts music under the system and is a subsidiary of the system. Under the influence of Confucianism, traditional Chinese music emphasizes the social nature of music and strengthens the influence of music on the people. There are some differences between Taoism and Confucianism. In development, Taoism considers music as a way of self-cultivation, so many pieces of Chinese traditional music have a very important role in improving personal cultivation. Under the influence of Confucianism and Taoism, traditional Chinese music advocates for music to influence people, influence people, pay attention to social order, and allow members of society to develop harmoniously. According to M. Zheng (2017), as a country composed of multiple ethnic groups, China has a long history of traditional music culture development, and music culture also shows rich forms according to different ethnic and cultural characteristics. Chinese traditional music culture originates from the real life of the Chinese people themselves. It has very distinct national characteristics and reflects the national spirit. Traditional music carries the history of China in the most authentic mode, expresses the national will, and highlights the sense of identity in cultural values in a modern environment. According to D. Zhao (2011), Chinese traditional music culture has a very high cultural value and is an important spiritual civilization. It embodies the essence of China's five thousand years of culture, it is a cultural memory that we can't erase in our hearts, and it affects people from generation to generation. Absorbing outstanding musical cultural achievements and promoting the cultural value of traditional Chinese music requires us to study and discover. Z. X. Guo (2007) pointed out, Chinese traditional music art is a very unique art form. In the thousands of years of civilization, the Chinese nation has created a large number of outstanding national music cultures and formed a national music system with profound connotations and rich content. If we want to understand Chinese music and truly understand the connotation of Chinese music, we cannot just sing some Chinese songs and listen to a few traditional pieces of music. We need to understand its position and historical value in the Chinese music system. China is a country with a history of thousands of years of civilization. Chinese music is one of the earliest music in human history. According to archeological excavations and historical records, our ancestors have made bone flutes and potteries about 7,000 years ago. Such a wind instrument. String instruments such as Guqin were invented, and the theory of temperament appeared. The invention of these musical instruments shows that at that time, they had the creative ability and aesthetic ability to music, which shows that traditional Chinese music has very high historical value. According to S. Shen (2011), after a long history of development, Chinese traditional music has gradually matured, forming a Chinese music system based on five-tone mode, rich in content, 14 complete in theory, and distinctive in characteristics. This system is not only reflected in the music culture of various nationalities in China, but also spread to many countries and regions in the world, and has become an important part of the world music system, which has great significance for the development of world music. According to Z. H. Feng (2017), music culture is the product of the times, and it will constantly change with the development of the times. In the process of music culture change, communication is the most important aspect. Diverse cultural education can be spread in a variety of ways and channels. It was under the spread of multiculturalism that traditional Chinese music was passed on. In the process of dissemination and education of Chinese traditional music, it absorbed a lot of music style, technology and spirit, and innovated on the basis of these, finally formed a unique music culture. Chinese traditional music has a clear national connotation, which can make people feel the traditional virtues, historical development and changes, etc., and has great cultural value. Y. P. Chen (2015) pointed out, from the aspect of aesthetic characteristics, as a systematic structure of Chinese traditional music, its aesthetic characteristics are formed on an inseparable and unified organic whole. In China, there has always been an alternating phenomenon between Confucianism and Taoism. It is reflected in traditional Chinese music creation and constitutes a multi-layered and systematic aesthetic feature. It is a harmonious spirit and is expressed in a streamlined state. It's like merging one's body, life, and soul together. The aesthetic characteristics of traditional Chinese music are both rich and multi-layered. Richness indicates that each aesthetic characteristic is formed by the interaction of multiple factors. Hierarchical characteristics explain the aesthetic characteristics of these elements in traditional Chinese music. The system structure is not chaotic. As a spiritual and cultural music art, it always changes with the development and change of society. The aesthetic characteristics are also constantly enriched and improved as the times advance. Therefore, Chinese traditional music is a kind of music art that has undergone continuous development and has unique artistic value. According to Y. Qiu (2018), music is not only an expression of melody, but also an expression of emotion. The reason why traditional Chinese music has a unique style charm and has a different personality from Western music is because Chinese traditional music applies unique techniques to simple melodies. Traditional Chinese music displays each note in a different way, just like a continuous loop of freely extending curves, and more emotional colors will be reflected in the free time music space. Chinese operas and folk songs have exaggerated their singing styles, beautifying tones, and changes in tone have made music richer and more emotional. This has become the aesthetic pursuit of traditional Chinese music, which has formed the aesthetic value of traditional Chinese music. 15 K. M. Wang (2016) pointed out, in Chinese values, music has always been an expression of thought and emotion. Through this form of music to convey emotions, thoughts, etc., the humanistic humanistic spirit of traditional music has gradually formed. Guided by this humanistic spirit, traditional Chinese music is more free, and it can combine people's psychological activities and feelings, so as to convey the humanistic spirit with human text. Traditional Chinese music is more inclined to linear thinking, and melody thinking is the main way of musical thinking. From the perspective of rhythm, the rhythm of traditional Chinese music is very rich, and the pitch of individual tunes also changes. From the perspective of the overall idea of music, the independence of the melody of traditional Chinese music is more obvious. The melody is the overall performance of music. For example, the representative of traditional Chinese music, the plaques and banquets in traditional operas are actually a melody change. The expression of traditional Chinese music comes from human emotion and human heart, which also reflects the humanistic spirit of traditional Chinese music from another angle. The discussion of J. K. Chen (2011), music is an indispensable language for human beings, and it is also the sublimation of human soul. Chinese traditional music was developed on the basis of ancient Chinese ideology and culture. Its music thought contains vitality, and it is gradually formed in the development of the spirit of Chinese traditional culture. Traditional Chinese music has very strong vitality, because traditional Chinese music has played a great role in maintaining the morality of society. People regard music as a very important function to promote morality. Traditional music is characterized by harmony, stability, and order. It expresses the love of life. It contains rich beauty of tragedy, beauty of mood and harmony. Therefore, the formation and development of Chinese traditional music largely reflects the fundamental spirit of Chinese traditional culture. According to Q. L. An (2017), Chinese traditional music shows different development characteristics in different periods, which is an important manifestation of people's constant change in aesthetic concepts. The spirit of music has different expressions in different periods. The appearance of different music forms will affect the development of music in different ways. The various spirits contained in these music are expressed in rich and diverse music forms. The value that constitutes the spirit of Chinese traditional music culture. During the long history of development, Chinese traditional music has accumulated profound cultural content and information. These contents and information have very strong national characteristics. As one of the representatives of China's main art forms, Chinese traditional music art has created countless splendid music cultures after a long period of practical development. The rational use of the value of traditional music in modern music education can not only improve the spiritual value and aesthetic orientation of the people, but also improve people's artistic literacy. In addition, Chinese traditional music sequence is a cultural phenomenon. The greatest value of 16 existence is that it expresses the deepest emotions of human beings, and the content it expresses is also related to the national spirit. So the value of Chinese traditional music is very great.

1.2.3. Application and development According to M. Zhang (2015), when conducting modern music teaching, we must closely connect with the ideological connotation of traditional music, so that we can not only appreciate music on the surface, but also imagination and association, and analyze the social background and customs of the time at the depth of the work , can appreciate the humanistic background of society from music appreciation. Going deeper into the work and understanding the author's thoughts is the most successful part of music appreciation. In the process of teaching modern music, we must strengthen the thinking comprehension ability of traditional music education, appreciate the differences between traditional Chinese music and western music systems, and better grasp the development direction of modern music. Strengthening the thinking and comprehension of traditional music has a great effect on the education of modern music. Music based on national music is really good music. C. B. Cai (2017) pointed out, music as an art form emphasizes the cultural nature of its development. If modern music loses its cultural character, it will lose the significance and role of teaching. When conducting music education, we must recognize the cultural dissemination of music culture and base ourselves on traditional Chinese music in order to better teach modern music. Music, as a carrier and form of art form and culture, applies the content of historical development to melody tunes. It is the product of human ecology and natural ecology, and constantly seeks the source of development on the basis of culture. Music itself is a kind of culture, and it plays an important role in cultural transmission. Modern education should embody cultural heritage, be good at analyzing music, explain music, and study modern music using the perspective of traditional music culture. From the perspective of globalization, modern music must stand up to traditional music, find the direction of Chinese music, form a unique style in world music, and show the charm of Chinese music. L. Liu (2009) pointed out, in modern music teaching, due to social and historical reasons, modern Chinese music has not placed traditional music in an important position, and has not placed the development of traditional music in its proper place in cultural positioning, and has spread it in music Traditional music also faces difficulties. When teaching modern music, we must recognize the dominant position of traditional music, emphasize the basic role of traditional music culture, and strengthen the dominant position of traditional music according to the needs of the development of traditional Chinese culture. First, we must reflect on the role of traditional music culture, understand the development relationship of traditional music, and get rid of a fixed thinking mode. In the 17 teaching of modern music, a development model centered on traditional Chinese music is established to allow traditional Chinese music to spread in modern society. Music teachers should understand the charm of traditional music culture, feel the role of traditional culture, and discover the value of traditional music and music itself. Putting traditional music as the main body can reflect national will, national dignity, and national nature. This is the embodiment of national spirit, and it is also a place that should be paid attention to and promoted in modern music teaching. Only by strengthening the innovation of modern music and traditional music can we meet the needs of the development of the times. According to J. M. Zhong (2004), the current educational reforms in China require continuous innovation of teaching models in modern education to improve the quality of teaching. In music teaching, the application of traditional music culture is an innovative teaching method. The 21st century is the information age. The development of informatization has brought huge changes to social production and life. The application effect of informatization in education is also very significant. Modern teaching equipment has been applied to education. The application of multimedia teaching equipment in teaching Greatly promoted the improvement of modern teaching quality, not only enriched the content of the classroom, but also effectively attracted the interest of students. In music teaching, to achieve the integration of traditional music, teachers must make full use of multimedia teaching equipment to assist teaching. By playing the form of national music for students, let students understand the characteristics of national music and by letting students understand the development process of national music. Let students feel the charm of national music and strong vitality. At the same time, we can also use modern teaching methods such as micro-lectures to continuously stimulate students' interest in traditional music culture, so as to apply traditional music to modern music teaching and achieve the purpose of enriching the cultural connotation of students. According to M. Z. Wang (2019), the ability to perceive music is the basis for students to learn good music knowledge, and it is also the prerequisite for the integration of traditional music culture and modern music teaching. Cultivating the ability to perceive music lies in listening more and singing more. In daily teaching, teachers should create opportunities for students to understand traditional music, let students understand the changes of music in different periods, and allow students to fully understand the charm of traditional music. At the same time, to cultivate students 'good music literacy and encourage students to practice. Only by constantly listening and singing can we improve the students' ability to perceive music and realize the perfect combination of traditional music and modern music teaching. T. T. Sun (2006) pointed out, whether it is traditional music culture or modern music teaching, the reason music can move people is because emotion is incorporated into the music. Whether it is a 18 music creator or a singer, only when emotion is incorporated into the work can real music transfer be achieved The ultimate purpose of music creation and singing. To integrate traditional music culture in modern music teaching, you need to integrate your own emotions in the learning process, use your own emotions to experience the emotions that music wants to express, and cultivate a good sense of music for students. In addition, we must continuously cultivate our own music literacy and music perception ability, and realize the integration of traditional music culture and modern music teaching. Q. H. Gong (2017) pointed out, judging from the work of modern music teaching, the first task is to establish a scientific and comprehensive teaching concept, and recognize the important status and learning significance of traditional music in the music knowledge system. The application of traditional music in modern music teaching should start from the actual teaching needs, observe the students' different personality characteristics, hobbies, and develop targeted and differentiated teaching plans to help students cultivate their passion for traditional music learning. The development of music provides momentum. H. Zhang (2012) pointed out, there is a lot of historical knowledge and music theory knowledge in traditional music. When schools are teaching, they should combine teaching content, operate teaching methods flexibly, and carefully design teaching programs to integrate traditional music knowledge into teaching activities, thereby effectively improving the quality of classroom teaching let students experience the fun of learning traditional music knowledge. In the process of music teaching, we should combine traditional music, naturally join in, use teaching methods and teaching tools flexibly, and improve the fun of classroom teaching activities. For example, you can use inquiry teaching methods or situational teaching methods, use advanced multimedia tools, and intelligent teaching equipment to help students understand music works, analyze traditional music works, and improve the emotional experience, appeal and influence of classroom teaching. According to Y. Bao (2011), School music teaching work should maintain the teaching concept of integration and development, on the one hand to ensure the development of excellent Chinese traditional music culture, on the other hand continue to promote the integration of traditional music culture and other music culture, remove the bad parts of traditional music culture, ensure that traditional music culture can meet the needs of the development of the times, and integrate the essence of traditional music culture into modern music, and continue to develop. We should respect traditional music culture and promote the integration of traditional music culture and other music concepts. We must have a clear concept of traditional music culture integration and development. We must pay attention to the teaching of traditional music culture and join other types of music culture to guide students to development, improve comprehensive music literacy. L. Li (2014) said, in the process of modern music teaching, traditional music culture, as a new 19 teaching task, can only be realized through the setting of teaching courses and the improvement of teaching mechanisms. Traditional music culture cannot be introduced to students in a new subject, it should be integrated into the existing curriculum. Avoiding the creation of new courses adds to the teaching burden of learning, and also prevents students from creating excessive learning pressure, but instead loses their interest in studying traditional music culture and reduces the learning effect. The correct approach is to adjust the structure of music knowledge and add traditional music knowledge based on existing curriculum arrangements and teaching content. For example, teachers can combine modern music with traditional music culture, and add traditional music knowledge when teaching modern music knowledge. You can also add some representative works of traditional music culture when you appreciate music works to help students form an overall perception of traditional music culture. This can cultivate students' interest in learning and achieve the integration of traditional music culture and modern music teaching. According to L. Yu (2017), the purpose of music teaching is to help students form healthy and correct cultural values. In the process of music teaching, the integration of traditional music culture and western music types should be promoted. We must not only see the correlation between traditional music culture and western music types, but also the uniqueness of traditional Chinese music culture, and promote the development of traditional music culture with the fusion of Chinese and western music cultures and music types. Find common points between traditional music culture and western music types, and promote the diversified development of music culture based on the integrated music development perspective. J. Wang (2011) pointed out, emotional expression is an important content of traditional Chinese music culture. On the one hand, traditional music culture reflects the social life of social groups and represents the spiritual civilization of different regions and different nationalities. It is a description of the scenes of labor and life, as well as an artistic expression of real life. Because there are many ethnic groups in China, traditional music culture is also diverse and has changing artistic characteristics. On the other hand, many traditional musical works use different languages and perform with local representative instruments. Therefore, it is necessary to guide students to understand the masses of different regions and different nationalities, to express their emotions through musical works, and to elicit the ideas of musical works with emotional teaching. Combining different historical backgrounds, to help students understand the emotions of musical works, based on emotional understanding, analyze the values and connotations of traditional musical works. In modern society, traditional Chinese music has been impacted in many ways, putting its development at risk. The current education is indifferent to traditional music. Modern music education is responsible for the development of traditional music culture. We must attach 20 importance to the application and development of traditional music in modern music teaching, play the role of education, create a good environment, and promote traditional Chinese music.

1.2.4. Inheritance and innovation of traditional music in modern music teaching L. Yu (2016) pointed out, traditional music has always been a subject of concern to everyone, reflected in the educational process, academic theoretical research and practical research. Traditional music, as a symbol, is created by the people through long-term historical development, such as life practice. It represents the culture, customs, language, and aesthetics of a nation, and it also reflects the national spirit. There are many societies about traditional music in China, such as the Chinese Traditional Music Society, which regularly organize related academic exchanges and inspections. There will also be many schools that invite experts and scholars to lecture at the school, which has increased the awareness of traditional music to a certain extent, and it also shows that people attach great importance to traditional music. According to S. Zhou (2012), curriculum is the core of education. In most colleges, the curriculum of traditional music is mainly focused on professional compulsory and public electives. Major compulsory courses are mainly required courses for music students. n terms of theory, there are courses such as the theory of traditional Chinese music, Chinese folk music, polyphonic folk songs, and ethnomusicology. Although the names of courses offered by each school are different, they have a certain role in promoting the study and development of traditional music. In terms of professional skills, different colleges offer different majors. Because traditional music has a unique regional character, local ethnic colleges and universities will pay more attention to the traditional music of the region. For example, in Inner Mongolia, majors such as long, short, Humai, Matouqin will be set up. At the same time, the continuous emergence of textbooks and monographs has promoted the education of traditional Chinese music to a certain extent, and most of these works are used for teaching. These are the conclusions of a series of studies conducted by experts and scholars on traditional Chinese music for a long time. And summary, it plays an important role in the inheritance and development of Chinese traditional music. X. R. Hu (2018) pointed out, according to the requirements of the new curriculum standard: "Take the outstanding traditional music works of various nationalities in China as an important teaching content, so that students can understand and love the music culture of the motherland, enhance national awareness, and cultivate patriotism." This clearly shows that we must attach great importance to the education of traditional music, learn international advanced culture and art on the basis of inheriting traditional music culture, conduct a thorough analysis of musical expressions, innovate in education, and give up Traditional music has a certain appeal and vitality, guides students to experience traditional music, uses the unique artistic charm of traditional music to subtly 21 educate students, and strengthens students' traditional music culture and national identity. M. Bai (2017) pointed out, in the process of teaching Chinese traditional music, we need to explore new teaching models. In the process of teaching Chinese traditional music, we need to explore new teaching models. You can use national musical instruments for theoretical teaching, such as sight-singing and ear-training courses, and you can use a combination of piano and national musical instruments. There are compulsory theoretical courses related to the nation. For example, in the teaching of professional skills, most of them are vocal music, instrumental music, and piano. We can choose some traditional and excellent folk music works. While learning and strengthening skills, it integrates the education of traditional music so that students understand the cultural connotation and charm of traditional music. Y. Bao (2011) pointed out, to inherit and protect traditional music, we need to approach it and feel it. Education is the most direct and effective link to protect and inherit traditional music. Schools have become an important place to inherit Chinese traditional music culture. Through a diversified teaching system, the process of teaching traditional music face to face, and striving to create a traditional music cultural atmosphere with certain characteristics, to a certain extent, stimulate students' interest and enthusiasm for learning, which is more conducive to learning traditional music. At the same time, traditional music has been raised from the level of skills and theory to a spiritual and cultural level. While allowing students to receive vivid traditional music education, they have improved their skills and quality, strengthened their national emotions, and inherited excellent traditional music culture. According to M. Liu (2010), in the current digital media era, multiple cultures coexist, and any kind of culture must be based on the national traditional culture in order to have its own position in the fast-developing era and to enter the world. At present, Chinese traditional music culture has begun to enter the world stage. The advantages and cultural connotation of Chinese traditional music culture have been affirmed by more and more foreigners. As a Chinese who grew up in the atmosphere of traditional music culture, he should take on Responsibility for inheritance and innovation of Chinese traditional music culture. For example, we can use multimedia technology in classroom teaching to make students understand Chinese traditional music more vividly. You can also link the Internet according to the lecture content to make the classroom content more vivid and rich. In addition, each school has its own practice and experience in the inheritance and innovation of traditional music culture. Schools can learn from each other's music education experience and carry out music education in accordance with local conditions. According to Z. X. Cai (2010), in modern music education, if traditional Chinese music is to be developed, students should be provided with more opportunities for stage practice, so that students can better inherit Chinese traditional music culture in practice. In various music 22 performances and performances, traditional Chinese music repertoire can be creatively adapted to give traditional music modern features, which can also better enhance students' understanding of traditional music. In addition, for various measures to inherit and innovate traditional Chinese music, local folklore activities are also a good way to lead students to participate in folklore activities, deeply experience and understand traditional music, and further master traditional music cultural materials. M. Su (2008) pointed out, According to the Ministry of Education's opinions on the application and management of traditional music, it is necessary to focus on students' cultural quality education and professional core courses, and construct online open courses with high content quality and good teaching effects suitable for network communication and teaching activities. The inheritance and innovation of traditional music can use this to divide the course into modules of traditional music theory teaching, folk music appreciation, and folk instrument appreciation. Hire well-known teachers and well-known musicians to the school for guidance, and produce online open courses. The school learns through the combination of students' online learning and classroom teaching. This teaching reform conforms to the development of the times and innovates the spread and popularization of traditional music culture. X. L. Guo (2008) pointed out, to inherit Chinese traditional music, we should inherit Chinese traditional music performance art, the theoretical knowledge of traditional Chinese music, the aesthetics, values, and national cultural identity of traditional Chinese music. The inheritance of traditional Chinese musical performance art refers to the inheritance of traditional Chinese vocal singing, traditional Chinese musical instrument performance, and comprehensive performing arts. The study of Chinese traditional music theory is a weak link. Therefore, the inheritance of Chinese traditional music theory needs to strengthen the study and study of traditional music theory and modern music theory in Europe, America and other countries. The similarities and differences between national music theories continue to advance the discipline construction of traditional Chinese musicology. The inheritance of music aesthetics and values is the inheritance of the highest level. The existence of each national music culture is supported by the aesthetics and values formed by the nation during its long historical development. Our task is to allow students to continuously discover its beauty and understand its value in the process of inheriting traditional Chinese music, so that students can perceive it, recognize it, love it, and use it as an indispensable part of life. Traditional music, as an integral part of a country's culture, contains deep cultural heritage and is the crystallization of the wisdom of ancient Chinese people. It is worthy of us to inherit and carry forward. School music education, as one of the main communication channels of traditional music, can not only create a good inheritance method for traditional music, but also improve students' ability to appreciate and create beauty. Traditional music art plays an important role in 23 enriching the content of modern music teaching and promoting the construction of spiritual civilization. By applying traditional music in modern music teaching, it can promote students' emotional cultivation and enrich campus culture.

24 2. APPLICATION OF CHINESE TEADITIONAL MUSIC IN

MODERN MUSIC TEACHING: THE RESULTS OF CASE STUDY

IN UNIVERSITIES

2.1. Methods of the research Participants were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 100 students from Chinese universities who mainly answered the questionnaire. The second group consisted of 10 Chinese Master students that are currently studying at Vytautas Magnus University participated in the interview. Ten students were chosen to be the subjects of my research. The research content is also divided into two parts. In the first part, according to the survey of Chinese college students, analyze the importance of traditional music in modern music teaching to sort out their answers. In the second part, students' attitudes and opinions towards traditional music are reflected in some important aspects in the process of modern music teaching. The investigation will be carried out in the form of self-administration and will include the quantitative analysis method to sort out the data. The questionnaire was published from April 15 to 20, 2019. The distribution and results of the first part of the questionnaire were my responsibility. Approximately ten people were interviewed in the second part. The collected data of the questionnaire accounted for 100% of the answers. According to provided answers in the created and useful questionnaires, the appropriate and corresponding percentage was calculated and the data were examined after the research.

2.2. Analysis of Chinese traditional music in modern music teaching: students attitude Table 1 Gender

Option Subtotal Proportion

Male 45 45%

Female 55 55%

25 Total: 100

In the research (see: Table 1) the proportion of boys accounted for 45 percent, the proportion of girls accounted for 55 percent. In the next part of the research (see: Table 2) we can see the grades of the students who participated in this survey. Table 2 The level of students grades

Option Subtotal Proportion

Bachelor 1 3 3%

Bachelor 2 2 2%

Bachelor 3 4 4%

Bachelor 4 37 37%

Master 1 26 26%

Master 2 26 26%

Doctor 2 2 2%

Total: 100

The 100 students who participated in the questionnaire came from universities in China. In their grades, the first year of the undergraduate class accounted for 3 percent of the total, the second year of the undergraduate course accounted for 2 percent of the total, and the third year of the undergraduate class accounted for 4 percent of the total. The fourth grades accounted for 37 percent of the total, the first year of graduate students accounted for 26 percent of the total, the second year of graduate students accounted for 26 percent of the total, and the doctoral students accounted for 2 percent of the total. Therefore, This shows that college students' understanding of traditional music is mainly concentrated in the fourth grade of undergraduate to the second grade of graduate.

26 Fig. 1. The curriculum

For course offerings (see figure 1), rank them in order of importance (80%); A small percentage (18%) thought it was important; Only two people in the class thought the curriculum was unimportant. Based on this, it can be concluded that curriculum setting is very important, because it is crucial to the traditional music teaching, and the failure of curriculum setting will have serious consequences. On a self-assessment level, that is, attending class on time, almost half felt they were doing a good job (39%), and nearly half felt they were doing a good job (45%); They usually make only a small percentage (14%); Only two felt they were doing a bad job (2%). Although we all believe that the curriculum is very important for traditional music, we can see from the table that there is still a gap in the data of importance and self-evaluation, which also indicates that we should strengthen our improvement in this aspect. Ensure that everyone can attend classes effectively and on time to improve the effectiveness of the course.

27 Fig. 2. Good teaching conditions

According to figure 2, more than half of the students (50%) believe that good teaching conditions are very important. Moreover, thirty percent of the students (30%) believe that the sound condition is important. Only twelve percent of the participants chose the variant labelled “average”. In addition to that collected data, only one student thinks that good teaching conditions is not important. The second part of the table that was called “The level of self-assessment” shows that more than thirty percent of the students (39%) think they have a good teaching conditions. Besides, almost half of the students (47%) think they have a good teaching conditions. The table reflected that only a small number of students (21%) chose the variant called “average”. Finally, only two students think their teaching condition is not good. According to given table, many people believe that it is important for traditional music to have a good teaching condition. In addition, the table illustrates that many students think they have a good teaching environment. After all, good teaching conditions are created by the school, we can improve our understanding of traditional music through the teaching environment in the school.

28 Table 3 The importance of subject: students attitude (%)

Subject Level of importance Level of self-assessment

Very Important Average Not Very High Average Low important important high

Music theory 58 32 9 1 38 46 10 6

Understanding ancient 90 10 0 0 35 40 22 3 history Deep appreciation of 79 20 1 0 40 50 8 2 music

The above three points are basic knowledge about traditional Chinese music. Most people think that it is important for Chinese traditional music to make three points. In the second part of the presented table, which is called the level of self-assessment shows two widely popular answers - "very high" and "high". Moreover, it was noticed that most people strongly believe that theoretical awareness is extremely significant, but unfortunately, they do not have enough knowledge. On the assumption of this fact, students need to strengthen their understanding of traditional music theory.

Table 4 The importance of factors: students attitude (%)

Factors Level of importance Level of self-assessment

Very Important Average Not Very High Average Low important important high

Self-learning 90 10 0 0 30 45 25 0

Analyze the level of 60 30 10 0 45 47 8 0 music Communicate with 55 43 2 0 33 43 24 0 others

Fusion with modern 96 2 2 0 50 33 17 0 music

29 Understanding 95 5 0 0 52 33 15 0 traditional culture

The five shown factors in the table are necessary for learning traditional Chinese music. On the basis of these factors, it was noticed that some more skills should be improved. In the first part of the table named "Level of importance", the accomplished survey showed that most students chose the answers "very important" and "important". In addition to that, very few students chose the answers "average" and "not important". In the self-assessment section presents the most common answers such as "very high", "high" and "average". It was noticed that the difference between the answers " very high" and "high" is very close. The evaluation of respondents was relatively positive, with the majority choosing high and very high. Less respondents think that their skills are at a moderate level, and none believe that their skills are very low. Throughout the analysis of the table, it is obvious what kind of mentioned skills should be improved or mastered better. Additionally, it is very important to underline such aspects as the ability to fusion with modern music (96%) and Understanding traditional culture (95%). Both aspects were recognized as very significant. Furthermore, the survey proves that many people have sufficient good level related to the above two aspects. In addition, it may indicate that learning traditional Chinese music requires an understanding of traditional culture. Traditional Chinese music needs to be integrated with modern music, so as to better understand traditional music. The basic knowledge of Chinese traditional music includes Chinese history and traditional culture. Having a rich theoretical foundation is an important prerequisite for learning traditional music well. The mastery of basic traditional music theory is an important theoretical foundation for understanding traditional music from Chinese traditional music works. Therefore, understanding Chinese traditional culture and history is conducive to the study of traditional music. In addition, modern music is the mainstream music in today's society, and the integration of traditional Chinese music and modern music is also a way to understand traditional music. Only by making full use of modern teaching mode and level and creating a good environment for traditional music, can we develop and inherit Chinese traditional music better.

30 Fig. 3. The importance of learning Chinese traditional music in certain aspects

According to data from Figure 3, more than half of students believe the provided questions are very important. However, a large number of students chose the answer "important" and no one thinks that provided aspects or variants of answers in the questionnaire were useless or insignificant. This also shows that there are some important aspects or problems that should be taken seriously in the teaching of modern music in traditional Chinese music.

31 Fig. 4. The importance of some problems in the process of inheritance of traditional Chinese music

According to collected information presented in Figure 4, more than half of students think the provided issues are very important. In spite of, another large part of students chose the variant "important". Moreover, only a small number of participants chose the variant "average" and no one thinks that provided aspects or variants of answers in the questionnaire were useless or insignificant. It is very important to pay attention to these issues and ensure that they can develop.

32 Fig. 5. The importance of innovation and application of traditional music for teacher teaching and student learning

The issues raised in Figure 5 concern the importance of teachers' influence on the inheritance of traditional music. Almost all students think these issues are very important. Only a few students think these issues are important. Other than that, no one chooses answers such as "average" and "unimportant". According to the collected information, the professional qualities of teachers and the innovation of traditional music have a great influence on the inheritance of traditional music. For the application of traditional music in modern teaching, teacher's teaching plays a very important role. In the process of modern music teaching, teachers apply the contents of traditional 33 Chinese music to their teaching by making use of traditional Chinese music. At the same time, teachers should not only use traditional music, but also innovate traditional music through understanding and feeling of traditional music, so as to better inherit and develop traditional Chinese music.

Table 5 The importance of Chinese traditional music in modern music teaching Categories Subcategories Example of quotes

Edify artistic “Feel the meaning of traditional music”; sentiment “We will strengthen our sense of responsibility to carry forward our national culture”; “Understanding history and culture” The importance of “Improve their own aesthetic taste and music cognitive traditional music Improve the ability”; aesthetic ability of “Exercise logical thinking, enhance the ability of music music perception”; “Appreciate the intrinsic value of musical art”

Promote the “Learn more about the knowledge and connotation of development of traditional music culture<...>”; traditional music “Experience the essence of traditional music, so that culture traditional music is inherited”; “Combine with other music culture to enrich the connotation of traditional music”

On the grounds of Table 5, the importance of traditional Chinese music is obvious. Excellent Chinese traditional music is a valuable cultural wealth, so in Chinese school music education, the status of traditional music is constantly improving. Some students think that by learning traditional music, they can have a better understanding of history and culture, cultivate their artistic sentiment, inspire their artistic inspiration and improve their professional quality. In addition, Chinese traditional music itself embodies the culture and spirit of all ethnic groups, so many students believe that traditional music can help students fully express their inner feelings and improve their aesthetic taste and musical cognition in the process of learning traditional music. This process can stimulate people to understand the connection between music and emotion, and then master the expression skills of music, and improve their own aesthetic cultivation. Briefly, Chinese traditional music can promote the continuous progress of modern music education. By learning traditional music, young people can learn more about traditional culture and combine with the characteristics of The Times to enrich the connotation of traditional music.

34 Table 6 Factors affecting the development of traditional music Categories Subcategories Example of quotes

“School curriculum and learning atmosphere”; Curriculum and “The professional quality of teachers”; professionalism “Teachers' integration and innovation of traditional music”; Factors affecting “Teachers' understanding and treatment of traditional music traditional music works”.

“An excessive focus on western music”; Difficulties in the “It has a long history and is too complex”; development of “Shortage of professional teachers”. traditional music

Development and “Reasonable curriculum”; application “Strengthen the professional quality of teachers”; “The innovation of traditional music”.

From table 6 we can see that there are many factors influencing the development of traditional Chinese music. They can be divided into three categories: the setting of school curriculum, the professional quality of teachers, and the innovative application of traditional music. The development of Chinese traditional music depends on the professional quality of school education and teachers. Schools have a good teaching environment and strong teachers, which is very important for the development of traditional music. In addition, the innovation of Chinese traditional music is also an important aspect of the development of traditional music. As traditional music has a long history and is difficult to understand, modern music education should process and reasonably apply complex traditional music to modern music education. These problems are several problems in the development of Chinese traditional music. In the process of modern music education, teachers and students should make joint efforts to make Chinese traditional music be applied in modern music education, so as to better develop and inherit our traditional music.

35 Table 7 Characteristics of traditional Chinese music Categories Subcategories Example of quotes

“Has the distinct literariness”; “Artistic value is very high”; “Combine with traditional culture”; literariness “Traditional Chinese music echoes the character of the Characteristics of people”; “Traditional Chinese music attaches great importance to traditional music emotional expression and spiritual perception”; “Chinese traditional music stresses artistic conception and individuality”.

“Different places have different music”; The variability of “The musical forms of various places blend into each musical hierarchy other”; “According to the player's mood, feeling, improvisation”; “Chinese traditional music will change and develop within the music structure”.

From Table 7, we can see that many people think that traditional Chinese music has unique literary value and high artistic value, and some people also think that traditional Chinese music echoes the character of the people. Traditional Chinese music and traditional Chinese culture are integrated, emphasizing emotional expression and inner feelings, and emphasizing individuality. In addition, Chinese traditional music will have different music in different regions and have different effects in the form of expression. For the same musical work, the players can improvise according to their own understanding, which will produce different effects. Chinese traditional music also plays a certain role in promoting this traditional culture. Only by correctly treating traditional music and constantly studying the structural characteristics of traditional music can we better develop traditional music.

36 Table 8 The fusion and innovation of Chinese traditional music and western sound Categories Subcategories Example of quotes

“Combine the mainstream music and play the value of traditional music”; “The performance that endows traditional music with The innovation Innovative creativity and vitality stimulates the vitality of traditional and fusion of development music”; “Summarize the same characteristics of different types of Chinese traditional music”; music “Create a contemporary atmosphere of traditional music”; “Discover the modern and historical significance of traditional music”; “Make full use of mainstream media to develop traditional music.”.

“Integration with western music, traditional music to the Integration for world”; development “Strengthen the theoretical teaching content, understand the development history of Chinese traditional music and western music”; “Cultivate correct music perception and aesthetics, and learn to integrate and develop traditional Chinese music and western music”; “Second creation based on Chinese and western music”.

From Table 8, we can see that the innovative development of Chinese traditional music needs to be integrated with modern mainstream music. The use of modern teaching methods to create suitable conditions for the development of traditional music, traditional music to give play to the maximum creativity, in the use of modern teaching methods, we need to pay attention to the combination of different types of music, to find the same. No matter in study or life, we all need a good atmosphere. Only in a good environment can people better discover beautiful things, and Chinese traditional music also needs a good atmosphere for better development. In addition, it is believed that western music, as the mainstream music in today's society, is a good way to integrate traditional Chinese music with western music and apply it to modern music teaching, which also plays a positive role in the innovation of traditional music.

37 Table 9 The relationship between teachers and the development of traditional music culture Categories Subcategories Example of quotes

“The teacher is the soul of the classroom. He decides how much students can learn from traditional music”; “Influenced the development of traditional music”; “In music teaching, the teacher's professional ability will The influence of affect the students' understanding of music”; “The professional ability of music teachers and their teachers' Professional ability understanding and handling of works are directly related to professional the learning effect of students”. ability on the “Innovative application of traditional music”; development of “Using modern technology to improve the quality of traditional music The innovation teaching”; ability “Flexible use of teaching methods, increase the interest of traditional music”.

According to table 9, we can conclude that teachers are important and direct to the development of Chinese traditional music. Teachers, as the soul of the classroom, play a guiding role in the process of music teaching. Therefore, in order to ensure the development of traditional music, it is necessary to ensure that teachers' professional ability is very rich. In modern music teaching, for the application of traditional music, teachers' understanding and processing of the works should also take their own emotions as the starting point to cultivate students' good musical understanding and aesthetic ability, so as to improve the influence of traditional music and create a good environment for traditional music in modern music education. Teachers' innovation in traditional music is also a good way of teaching. By innovating in traditional music, teachers use modern technology to apply their innovation to music teaching, so that students can feel the charm of traditional music. A good music teacher can bring students a better artistic aesthetic level, in addition to have a good professional ability, but also flexible use of teaching methods, which has a great impact on the application of traditional music in modern music teaching.

38 2.3. Interview on some important aspects of the application of Chinese traditional music in modern music teaching Table 10 The main reason for the interest in traditional Chinese music Categories Subcategories Example of quotes “I think traditional music contains traditional culture and needs to be studied more” (student 3); The cultural “As young people, we need to understand traditional connotation Chinese culture and inherit traditional Chinese music” (student 7); “Chinese traditional music has high cultural value” (student 8); “The cultural value contained in Chinese traditional music The main reason needs us to inherit and develop” (student 9). for interest in “I think traditional music is interesting because it is traditional music different from other forms of music” (student 1); “I can learn different kinds of music, different forms of Learn more about music” (student 2); music types “I like the presentation of traditional music” (student 4); “I can learn different styles of songs and learn more types of music” (student 5 ); “ To understand the music types of their own countries and promote the development of traditional music” (student 6); “I like traditional music very much, which can enrich my musical vision” (student 10).

From the answers to the questions collected in Table 10, it can be seen that some students like the traditional culture contained in traditional music, and some students like the music types of traditional music. Chinese traditional music is different from other types of music, with its unique structure and form of expression, and its content is also different from other kinds of music. When studying traditional music, students can learn about Chinese traditional music culture through learning music and form a unique emotional experience. The emergence, innovation and development of Chinese traditional music all developed gradually with the progress of a specific historical period. In the process of learning, the unique content and expression form of traditional music can enrich students' musical accomplishment. Each type of music has a specific historical mark, a specific cultural region as the basis and background, as well as the contributions of various ethnic artists. Finally, in the process of continuous development, music with unique cultural and national characteristics has formed, and in the modern society to release the historical and cultural color. The application and dissemination of traditional Chinese music in modern music education plays an important role in promoting students' musical literacy and music knowledge.

39 Table 11 The help of modern music education to the inheritance of Chinese traditional music Categories Subcategories Example of quotes “In my opinion, the teaching mode of modern music Diversity of education is very open, and we can choose the traditional teaching modes music types we like according to our own interests” (student 1); “I think the educational space of modern music education is very rich, which helps me to learn actively” (student 3); “I think modern music education is very creative and conducive to the development of personality” (student 4); “Modern music education adopts a new educational model with rich teaching contents” (student 5). “I think with the application of information technology in The inheritance of Rich teaching traditional music education, it has promoted our traditional music methods understanding of traditional music” (student 2); “Modern music makes full use of multimedia technology to diversify the forms of education so that we can learn more about traditional music” (student 7); “In my opinion, modern music education provides us with abundant learning resources. If traditional music makes full use of these learning resources, we can find more knowledge of traditional music” (student 8). “I think modern music education is helpful to cultivate Creative education creative thinking, which is also what traditional music model needs” (student 6); “Imagination is a characteristic of modern music education. The development of traditional music needs the help of imagination” (student 9); “I think traditional music lacks creativity, while modern music education has this ability, so modern music education can promote the better development of traditional music” (student 10).

From the survey in table 11, We can see that the teaching mode of modern music education adopts an open and diversified way, while traditional Chinese music does not have these characteristics. Modern music education promotes the formation of individualistic and creative individuals from the aspects of educational space and content diversity, and the educated will become active learners. In addition, modern music education makes full use of network technology and multimedia technology to make the expression of music more vivid, which is conducive to improving students' understanding and imagination. Therefore, Chinese traditional music needs the help of the teaching mode and teaching means of modern music education to promote people's experience of traditional music and enrich their imagination and creativity through modern music education activities. Traditional music needs to have the personality of modern music, which has good creative thinking and creativity. Through the application of modern music education technology, Chinese traditional music can be better developed, so that Chinese traditional music can play the greatest value in modern music 40 education.

Table 12 The problems traditional Chinese music faces in modern times Categories Subcategories Example of quotes

“Our traditional music is influenced by some other factors Did not form the in the process of development, which ignores the correct development of traditional music.” (student 1); understanding “When I choose music, I don't choose to study traditional music.” (student 8); “I have a serious lack of understanding of traditional music and a misunderstanding in the appreciation of traditional music” (student 10). Problems faced by “Pop music is my first choice” (student 3); traditional music The impact of “I mainly study western mainstream music, and seldom modern music contact with Chinese traditional music” (student 6); culture “<...> so my major is piano. Traditional Chinese music is not suitable for me” (student 7). “Traditional music is too much trouble, modern music is Lack of innovation simple” (student 2); “Chinese traditional music contains too much history and culture, and learning is complicated” (student 4); “Traditional music is out of step with The Times” (student 5); “Traditional music has too few innovative elements” (student 9).

The Table 12 It reflects that under the impact of modern music culture, the problems faced by Chinese traditional music are mainly lack of innovation and insufficient understanding of traditional music. At present, the society is in an era of rapid development, and more and more other musical cultures have entered people's lives, which has affected the development of traditional Chinese music to a certain extent. In addition, because Chinese traditional music has a long history and is complicated to learn, few people will learn traditional music when choosing music. Because Chinese traditional music occupies an important position in the music art, it can not only enhance the quality of music, but also guide the development of music, so it is very important to strengthen the application of traditional music in modern music education. Strengthening the innovation of modern music and traditional music is necessarily the need of the development of the times. The main feature of the current development of the times is fast. The development of science and technology, as well as the development of culture, are in a state of rapid development. Therefore, if we want to make the development of Chinese traditional music keep pace with the times, we must guarantee the innovation of traditional music. In modern music education, only by combining the development trend of mainstream music, understanding the development

41 relationship between Chinese and western music, and integrating the essence of Chinese traditional music, can Chinese traditional music embody higher artistic value.

Table 13 The way of inheriting Chinese traditional music Categories Subcategories Example of quotes “On the basis of the existing courses, add the courses of traditional music” (student 2); Set up reasonable “Chinese traditional music theoretical knowledge and courses foreign music theoretical knowledge are carried out at the same time” (student 5); “Setting up art practice courses and increasing practice opportunities” (student 8). “Conform to the characteristics of the times and change the The way of Changing teaching single teaching method in the past” (student 1); methods “Adapting traditional music into pop music as teaching inheriting content” (student 4). “Organize students to participate in folk activities and traditional music Conduct field etiquette activities.<...>” (student 3); investigation “Enter the birthplace of traditional music and cultivate love for traditional Chinese music” (student 6); “Go to the birthplace of traditional music and participate in the academic activities of traditional music” (student 9). “Create an online education platform for Chinese Using the network traditional music culture to let more people understand education platform traditional music” (student 7); “Schools can make online courses and use the combination of online learning and classroom teaching” (student 10).

We can see from table 13 that the way of inheritance of Chinese traditional music is mainly reflected in the setting of courses, teaching methods and the use of internet technology. Curriculum is the embodiment of education. Good curriculum plays an important role in promoting the inheritance of Chinese traditional music. The development of the times reflects the characteristics of students, and teaching methods should be innovated with the development of the times. A good social environment is of great significance for the development of education. As a treasure of Chinese art, Chinese traditional music has excellent traditional music in every place. Participate in all kinds of folk activities, perform in the folk, and participate in the academic activities of traditional music organized by various local organizations to find the source of traditional music. Then we use modern Internet technology to spread traditional music, add traditional music on the basis of modern music, and make innovative adaptation of traditional Chinese music, so that the traditional music can become easy to understand and widely spread.

42 Table 14 The influence of modern music teachers' professional quality on Chinese traditional music Categories Subcategories Example of quotes

“It is very important to directly affect the quality of teaching work” (student 1); “Teachers' professional ability is not good, which will affect the development of traditional music.” (student 2); “Ensure adequate knowledge of traditional music, which can produce good classroom effect” (student 4); Professional ability “<...> It has a great influence. First of all, it will affect the The influence of completion of teaching” (student 6). teachers' professional Artistic “Teachers' artistic accomplishment influences students' quality on accomplishment feeling of music” (student 3); traditional music “<...>Better communication” (student 5); “Infect everyone and deeply understand Chinese traditional music” (student 7); “Good influence on students” (student 8); “Affect the atmosphere and effect of learning” (student 9); “Good artistic accomplishment can make students understand teachers' feelings better” (student 10).

From Table 14,we can see that the professional quality of teachers is particularly important for the development of traditional Chinese music. Teachers' professional quality will directly affect students' understanding ability. Only with rich knowledge reserves, can teachers better carry out teaching. The key to the development of Chinese traditional music is to make a deep research on it. If teachers don't do a deep research on it, it may lead to the lack of Chinese traditional music culture for students. Good professional quality can also promote the in-depth study of traditional music, feel the spiritual enjoyment brought by traditional music, stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning, and then make Chinese traditional music better developed. Teachers have a very important influence on the development of Chinese traditional music. In the new era, there will always be new music, and new music needs to have its own characteristics. Teachers in the new era are the main force in the development of traditional Chinese music. By deepening their study of traditional Chinese music, enriching their artistic accomplishment, combining with the characteristics of modern music teaching, with the help of other music advantages, teachers can develop traditional Chinese music. The comprehensive musical accomplishment of teachers determines students' feeling of music. The correct guidance of teachers can help students form the overall perception of Chinese traditional music, play the purpose of

43 cultivating students' interest in learning, and gradually realize the integration of Chinese traditional music and modern music teaching.

Table 15 The problems of Chinese traditional music in the process of modern music teaching

Categories Subcategories Example of quotes

“I think there is too much emphasis on the teaching of western music” (student 1); Unbalanced “The school music class pays attention to the teaching of development western instruments” (student 3); “The teaching of traditional folk music is neglected and rejected” (student 4); “<...> Teaching activities related to traditional music are The problems of not widely carried out” (student 10). traditional music “The classroom atmosphere is dull and uninteresting” in modern music (student 2); teaching “<...>Teaching directly according to the reference content, The teaching lack of new ideas” (student 5); method is “The teaching content is single and lacks the expansion content” (student 6). unreasonable “The teaching form is simple and lacks interesting information” (student 7); “<...>Backward teaching methods lead to poor teaching effect” (student 8); “The teaching method is inconsistent with modern music and lacks innovation” (student 9).

From Table 15, we can see that in the process of modern music teaching, foreign musical forms are widely spread and popularized in China, which affects the development of traditional Chinese music. Therefore, in order to make good development of Chinese traditional music, it is necessary to have a correct understanding of the differences and characteristics between Chinese traditional music and western music, and to integrate the performance skills of western music with the emotional expression of Chinese traditional music, so as to promote all-round development. In addition, innovative teaching methods are also very important for the development of traditional music.In the process of modern music teaching activities, there are many new knowledge with strong interest. On this basis, adding Chinese traditional music factors can promote the diversified development of teaching. If Chinese traditional music wants to have a good development and inheritance, it needs to make use of the advantages of modern music education to continuously improve the teaching content, improve the teaching methods and innovate the teaching form. In this way, we can ensure that Chinese traditional music has a correct development direction and is in line with the times. 44 CONCLUSIONS

1. Through the analysis of a large amount of scientific literature, we can see that. China's traditional music is the wisdom and artistic essence of China's peoples. It has a long history and rich artistic connotation. Under the current background of the times, facing the continuous entry of Western and other countries' music into China, if we want to enhance the development and inheritance of Chinese traditional music, we must pay full attention to the importance of traditional music on the basis of modern music education. In addition, we should combine the characteristics of Chinese traditional music, carry out innovative reform of Chinese traditional music, and apply it in the process of modern music teaching. Due to the abstract nature of traditional music and the need for continuous experience and understanding, the introduction of traditional Chinese music into modern music education requires a variety of ways, so that we can fully understand the connotation of traditional Chinese music, improve students' aesthetic taste of music, promote the further development of traditional Chinese music, and promote the continuous progress of modern music education.

2. It can be seen from the results of the questionnaire survey that the attitude of contemporary college students towards Chinese traditional music shows that the professional knowledge of Chinese traditional music theory, the correct understanding of Chinese traditional music, and the integration and innovation of the excellent part of Chinese traditional music and modern music education are important aspects of the development of Chinese traditional music. In the process of modern music education, the application of Chinese traditional music can better inspire students' music art inspiration and improve students' music aesthetic taste. The integration and development of traditional Chinese music and other music can also enrich students' knowledge reserve and further understand more music culture knowledge of China and other countries.

3. The results of the interview reveal some problems and solutions in the process of modern music education of traditional Chinese music. The results show that they are very interested in traditional Chinese music. But there are some problems in the modern music teaching of Chinese traditional music. They think that the development of Chinese traditional music is unbalanced in the process of modern music teaching, ignoring the traditional music teaching. In addition, teachers' professional quality of traditional music is also very important for the development of traditional Chinese music. Only when teachers have rich knowledge of traditional music, can students better experience the charm of traditional Chinese music. They think that the development of Chinese traditional music needs the help of modern network media, making full use of multimedia technology, which plays a very important role in the innovation and inheritance of Chinese 45 traditional music. They think that modern music education is very helpful to the development of Chinese traditional music. The teaching content of modern music education is rich and creative. Chinese traditional music needs to make full use of these to get better development. The research reveals the problems and methods that need attention in the application of Chinese traditional music in the process of modern music teaching: importance, theoretical knowledge and traditional culture, application, professional quality and inheritance consciousness, integration and innovation.

46 REFERENCES 1. Yuan, J. F. (2000). Introduction to Chinese traditional music. Shanghai conservatory of music, 56. 2. Yang, Y. L. (2006). History of ancient Chinese music. People's music press, 60(4), 55-60. 3. Li, X. A. (2003). On the inheritance, variation and innovation of music tradition. Popular music, 424. 4. Zhang, C. Y. (2016). Intercultural communication of the expected connotation of the beauty of Chinese traditional music. Beijing social science news，45. 5. Yang, X. F. (2016). Ethnomusicology for the future. China literature and Art Press ， 66(5), 403-417. 6. Fan, Z. Y. (2008). The current situation and Prospect of music education based on the diversity of music culture in China. China conservatory of music. 7. Zhou, Y. X. (2010). The protection and development of Chinese traditional folk music in the information age. Lanzhou University. 8. Duan, Q. S. (2006). Some problems in the inheritance and development of Chinese traditional music. Lanzhou University. 9. Zhou, W. Y. (2010). Research on the teaching strategy of traditional folk music in primary and secondary schools in China. Northern music. 10. Wang, Y. Z. (2011). On the development of national instrumental music. Popular literature and art, 6(21). 11. Jiang, K. A. (2012). On the Current Situation and Problems of the Development of Chinese National Instrumental Music in Modern and Contemporary Society. Adult literary, 9(75). 12. Dong, X. T. (1992). Protection and inheritance of rap intangible cultural heritage: a case study of yunnan minority rap art. Folklore studies, 26(4). 13. Geng, X. G. (1992). Develop and utilize horqin music cultural resources to construct characteristic courses of ethnic colleges and universities: take the music college of Inner Mongolia university for nationalities as an example. Research on ethnic higher education, 17. 14. Sun, J. N. (1999). A compendium of the general history of Chinese music. Shandong education press. 15. Wang, C. Z. (2004). A new theory of music aesthetics. Central conservatory of music press. 16. Jiang, S. L. (2016). Inheritance of traditional music in music education in normal universities.Hunan science news college, 4. 17. Yang, B. H. (1996). On the assumption of carrying forward traditional music in music education major of normal university. University Of Ji'nan.

47 18. Wang, J. (2005). The status and inheritance of Chinese folk music in music education in normal universities. Xinjiang art college newspaper, 6(20). 19. Li, W. (2006). Sustainable development of traditional music and music education in normal universities. Anhui normal university. 20. Li, M. (2002). Inheritance of folk music in music education in normal universities. Yuxi normal university. 21. Gui, P. (2012). Music education in normal universities under cultural inheritance. Changchun Institute of Science and Technology. 22. Qiao, J. Z. (2004). What can traditional music give us? Rethinking on the teaching reform of Chinese professional music education. The Chinese music, 5(14). 23. Rong, L. T. (2011). On the strategies of traditional music education in higher normal schools. Fuyang normal university. 24. Fan, Z. Y. (1996). Traditional music and school music education. Music study, 57(4), 4-18. 25. Wang, Y. H. (2010). What is Chinese traditional musicology. Xinghai conservatory of music. 26. Yu, Y. H. (2007). Significances of enlightenment. Chinese literary newspaper, 11(6). 27. Liu, L. (2007). The theory of music. Yunnan university. 28. Shen, Q. (1988). Introduction to ethnomusicology. China conservatory of music, 4(63), 7. 29. Dong, W. S. (1985). Ethnomusicology translation anthology. China federation publishing company. 30. Wang, C. Z. (2005). A new theory of music aesthetics. Central conservatory of music, 52(4), 400-419. 31. Cai, Z. D. (2005). A history of Chinese musical aesthetics. Guangdong University. 32. Cai, Z. D. (2003). Notes on the history of Chinese music aesthetics. People's music publishing house, 64(6), 5. 33. Zhu, Y. B. (2003). Music pedagogy. People's music publishing house, 76(7), 8. 34. Huang, J. J. (2009). On the integration of traditional music culture in vocal music teaching in normal university.College of music, hunan normal university. 35. Wang, J. (2011). On the inheritance and development of traditional music in school music education. Journal of musical inquiry, 16(8). 36. Kang, N,Kong. F. Z. (2015). Research on new music curriculum education and teaching. China journal of education, 11(9). 37. Qi, M. (2015). On the reform of music education teaching mode under the background of quality education. Journal of Hubei University of Economics, 9(10). 38. Liu, S. (2014). A comparative study of western model of music education and Chinese model of higher model music education. Qilu normal University. 48 39. Shi, L. X. (2014). The problems and countermeasures of the reform of college music education mode. Chinese Musical World newspaper, 72. 40. Xia, Y. (2014). Exploration and reflection on the innovation of college music education mode. Music time and space journal, 3(26), 3. 41. Ma, Y. (2011). On the musicology specialty music education under the mode of Chinese higher education. Journal of shenyang conservatory of music, 3. 42. Zheng, C. (2016). Research on music teaching and cultural inheritance of folk music in colleges and universities. Art tasting, 26. 43. Tu, J. (2016). Research on music education and cultural inheritance of folk music in colleges and universities. Art tasting, 20. 44. Xu, W. W. (2016). College music teaching and cultural inheritance of folk music. Baoding University. 45. Li, X. Y. (2014). Research on music appreciation of non-music majors in the new media era. Art critic, 7(55). 46. Dai, D. C. (2001). Prospect of music education. East China normal university. 47. Zeng, S. J. (2013). Music communication theory course. Communication university of Beijing. 48. Bian, X. Y. (2010). Investigation and analysis of the status quo of Chinese traditional music education in colleges and universities. Nanjing university of the arts. 49. Wang, Y. H. (2006). Vaughan pursuit. Shanghai conservatory of music. 50. Guo, S. J. (2004). Music education theory. Hunan literature and art publishing house, 60(8), 7. 51. Xiu, L. H. (2000). Ancient Chinese aesthetics. Communication university of Beijing. 52. Zheng, L. (2004). Research on the theory and method of modern music teaching. China conservatory of music.

49 ANNEX 1 QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY Dear students, I'd like to invite you to take part in this questionnaire. The purpose of this survey is to reveal the characteristics of the application of traditional music in modern music teaching. The survey is anonymous and all data received will be used to write the master's thesis. CHUNQIU JIAO 2nd year of Master 1. Study programme (mark “√”) □Bachelor □Master 2. Year of the studies (mark “√”) □ⅠBachelor □ⅡBachelor □ⅢBachelor □ⅣBachelor □ⅠMaster □ⅡMaster 3. Gender (mark “√”) □Female □Male 4. In your opinion, what is the importance of Chinese traditional music in modern music teaching? 5. What do you think of your ability level?(mark “√”) Level of importance Level of self-assessment Statements Very Impor Not Very High Avera Low import tant Aver impor high ge ant age tant

The curriculum Music theory Understanding ancient history Deep appreciation of music

Familiar songs Good teaching conditions Analyze the level of music Communicate with others Fusion with modern music Understanding traditional culture

6 .What do you think is the importance of the following questions in the teaching of traditional music?(mark “√”)

Statements Level of importance Very Important Average Not important important Do you think the love of music is important in music teaching?

50 Do you think it is important to use traditional music in music teaching? Do you think the professional quality of teachers is important for traditional music teaching?

Do you think it is necessary for schools to offer courses on traditional music appreciation? Do you think it is necessary to continue the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese music?

Do you think it is important to learn the understanding of traditional music from traditional culture?

Do you think it is important for students not majoring in music to learn traditional music?

Do you think it is important that schools attach importance to traditional music education?

Do you think learning ethnic instruments is important for the inheritance of traditional music?

Do you think it important to give lectures on traditional music in schools?

Do you think it is important to participate in the theme activities of folk music? Do you think it is important for schools to set up clubs related to traditional music?

Do you think it is important to integrate traditional music with modern popular music?

Do you think teachers' professional quality has an impact on traditional music teaching? 51 Do you think teachers are important to the performance of traditional music?

Do you think it is important to innovate traditional music?

Do you think that learning traditional music has an impact on the inheritance of other traditional cultures?

7. What do you think is the importance of Chinese traditional music in modern music teaching? ...... 8. What factors do you think have influenced the development of traditional music? ...... 9. How do you evaluate traditional music? ...... 10. Do you think traditional Chinese music should be integrated and innovated with western music? Why is that? ...... 11. How do you think teachers' understanding of traditional music culture influences their teaching? ......

52 ANNEX 2 INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 1. What is your major? 2. What kind of music do you like to listen to? 3. Do you know anything about traditional Chinese music? 4. Do you think it is necessary for traditional Chinese music to be passed on and developed? 5. What are you most interested in about traditional Chinese music? 6. Do you think modern music education is helpful to the inheritance of traditional music? Why is that? 7. What do you think are the problems in the inheritance of traditional music? 8. What other good forms do you think Chinese traditional music has in the process of passing on? 9. What abilities do you think teachers need to make better use of traditional Chinese music in modern music teaching? 10. If you were a music teacher, how would you use traditional Chinese music in your teaching? What is important? 11. Suppose you are a music teacher, what do you think should be paid attention to in the teaching of traditional music?

53