Inuk Magazine

#83 1998

Inuktitut WJ8N3io7m‰5 wkw5 nN8ax6†5 ce?9oxgw8N6S5 wiui5. s?i WsJxl4, xuhi5 b3ics6g6 mrmtbZ6 xrxt5tK6 iWi5 xuhi5 x0pŒ8q5gi5 ßmJi5.

Talented Inuit carvers continue to arise from their shells. Here is a wonderful, well spirited miniature monument echoing the many voices of many creatures.

Pijunnarnilimmariit Inuit sanannguaqtiit qaqivalliatuinnaqput iniminit. Uvani piujualuk, amisunit tarniqauqtuq makimatitagaq akiatittivuq nipinit amisunit ajjigiinngittunit uumajunit. Inuktitut Inuktitut #83 1998 #83 1998 #83 1998 wloq5 Table of Contents Ilulingit wk4tg5 scoµ6tk5, wk4tg5 To Inuktitut readers, Inuktitut uqalimaaqtinut, Inuktitut ≈6r{hwpu5 2 From Inuktitut editor 2 aaqqissuijimit 2 lw svo6 Looee Okalik Lui Ukaliq nwm8 xNFxW4 Simon Anaviapik of Saiman Anaviapik Mittimata- u5tmbo7usb6 5 Pond Inlet, NT 5 limmiutaq 5 nwm8 xNFxW4 Simon Anaviapik Saiman Anaviapik x8Nsm0JtcD8•Dt\x8Nsm0- The HIV/AIDS Epidemic— Annaumajjutiqarunniiruti/Annaumaj- JtcD8•3i6-w˚2 w2WQ/zA5 31 an Inuk perspective 31 jutiqarunniirniq-Inuup Ippigijangagut 31 „b n8g3{ Peter Saunders Piita Saanturs xrxJ6 eMst 37 The Echoing Drum 37 Akiajuq Qilauti 37 ¬vy w6rM6 Lucasi Eqilaq Luukasi Iqqilaq ≈8ixysDbs?8ifu•5 45 Traditional Medicine 45 Aanniasiurutauvannikuminiit 45 r?9o3usbw5 wkgcw5 Kivalliq Elders Kivallirmiutait Inutuqait scsy3i5 ei3i6 50 Search-a-Word game 51 Uqausirnit Qinirniq 52 µts ˜B∑5 Matthew Lougheed Maatiu Laahiit

≈6r{hwp: Editor: Aaqqissuiji: lw svo6 Looee Okalik Lui Ukaliq gnp: Translator: Tusaaji: ÷vo8 xwSD Jacqueline April Jaakalin Aipuru xuhos6t: Design: Amisuliuqti: ß35lx gn6goEπ5 Earthlore Communications Uutlua Tusaqtulirijiit gÇDtos6t\xs9Mt5tp: Circulation: Turaarutiliuqti/Aullatittiji: osD w84 Laro Inc. Liuru Ink wk4tg5 scoµZ6 ttC6bs?5g6 Inuktitut is a cultural magazine Inuktitut uqalimaagaq titiraqtauvattuq W6fyoE9li r[Z6gwJu5 wk8i5 serving Canadian Inuit. The views piqqusilirilluni kiggaqtuijumit Inunnit vNbusbi5. whm0JbsJ5 wkw5 expressed are not necessarily those Kanatamiutanit. Isumajjutaujut Inuit bW‰4nf8•8Ωz8q5g5. gi3DbsymJ5 of the Inuit Tapirisat of Canada. Tapiriiksakuniinngaanganngittut. ttCZ5, si4√5, Wys/5, x0π5 x7m Submissions of articles, stories, poetry, Tunirrutausimajut titiragat, unikkaat, pisi- tt6gZ5 g8zhxtbsK5. xro6hw•5, photographs and drawings are invited. ujat, ajjiit amma titiqtugat tunngasuatitau- scoµZ6∫c5b3i6 x7ml n6rtbZ3k5 For rates paid, subscriptions and vut. Akiliqsuiniit, uqalimaagaqtaaqattarniq cspQx3F{n6 sKz: advertising, contact: ammalu saqqititagarnut qaujigiarvissaq uvunga:

Inuktitut Magazine Inuktitut Magazine Inuktitut Magazine Inuit Tapirisat of Canada Inuit Tapirisat of Canada Inuit Tapirisat of Canada 510-170 Laurier Ave. W. 510-170 Laurier Ave. W. 510-170 Laurier Ave. W. Ottawa, ON K1P 5V5 Ottawa, ON K1P 5V5 Ottawa, ON K1P 5V5 sçMs5: (613) 238-8181 Phone: (613) 238-8181 Uqaalaut: (613) 238-8181 gxF6g6: (613) 234-1991 Fax: (613) 234-1991 Tuaviqtuq: (613) 234-1991

ISSN 0705-8527 © wkw5 bW‰4n5 vNbu !((* © Inuit Tapirisat of Canada, 1998 1 wk4tg5 scoµ6tk5 wk4tg5 ≈6r{hwpu5

TO INUKTITUT READERS, FROM INUKTITUT EDITOR INUKTITUT UQALIMAAQTINUT INUKTITUT AAQQISSUIJIMIT

B≈W is ÷¡ Gx3ÇA∫6vsu5 dFxhQ5H Happy New Year! Haapi Niu Jaa! (Arraagutaaqqaumit dz2X{y WD6X9od9lyl WFc6- I greet you with a smile and wish quviasugit) tbsJ8Nt9lb bµi x3ÇA∫6vsu5 you a prosperous year in 1998! Qungappassi piruqpaalliqullusilu !((*u5. We learn something new every piviqaqtitaujunnatilluta tamaani arraa- csbµ5tx6 wo2X9ox?4v5b w8Ns- day fortunately, a thing or two we gutaaqqaumit 1998mit. oClx6gb cspmhQ/uiClx5t8i5 figured we already knew or of Qautamaattiaq ilippalliavakkatta s=?¬8i5 xy5b wo6fyctQ8qb5b another cultural value. In this issue, innauliraluaqtuta qaujimasugijaminira- wo6fyz8i5. s?i scoµZ3u5 ttC6- we are given a deeper insight to luattinnit uvvaluunnit asitta iliqqusi- bsymJi5 grytbs¿9oEKA5 whm{n6- things we could consider more for qatiginngitatta iliqqusingannit. Uvani ysDtQJ8Nb5t8i5: our own benefits: uqalimaagarmit titiraqtausimajunit tuk- isititauvaallirivugut isumassaqsiurutigi- ≠ wkw5 wo6fyE?5buiq5 nwm8 • Inuit’s cultural past written junnatattinnit: xNFxWs2 ttC6ym/uizi5, by Simon Anaviapik of ∫8N si4√6 n6r÷Ms6ym7uJ6 Pond Inlet, a reprint from • Inuit iliqqusirivattaminingit wk4t©u5 srx{n6 !(&$u5. INUKTITUT Fall of 1974. Saiman Anaviapiup titiraqsima- ≠„b n8g3{ ttCsycEK6 ci7- • Peter Saunders writes about an jamininganit, taanna unikkaaq m8NE/scyst?o6gu5 wk8k5 illness where there are many saqqijaalauqsimammijuq inuktitu- yM3Jxu5 xu˙t9lQ5, x8Nsm0- on a global scale and are umit ukiassaaq 1974mit. JtcD8•Dt\x8Nsm0JtcD8•3i6. affecting Inuit, HIV/AIDS. •Piita Saanturs titirausiqarivuq qan- ≠ whmui5bs6 si4√6gxos6y- • Fiction story by Lucasi Eqilaq immannarijauqasiutivaliqtumit m7 uJ6 ¬vy w6rM6 nirlx3- of Sanikiluaq titled ‘Echoing inunnit silarjuamit amisuutillugit, usb6 ‘xrxJ6 eMst’. Drum’. annaumajjutiqarunniiruti/annau- ≠wk4t©u5 n6r÷Ms6ym7uJ6 ≈8i- • Featured in INUKTITUT majjutiqarunniirniq. xysDbs?8ifu•5 wk8k5 r?9o3u5. before, traditional medicines • Isumaminittauq unikkaaqtua- in the Kivalliq region. ≠ ra9o6X6 wo8ix6tj5, µts liuqsimammijuq Luukasi Iqqilaq ˜B∑5, ≈6rh6bsymJ6 scsy3i5 • Last, word search game created Sanikiluarmiutaq, ‘Akiajuq ei3i6. 2 by a student, Matthew Lougheed. Qilauti’. x† g8zh9ly ttCc5bE{y sco- Feel free to send in your sub- • Inuktituumit saqqijaalauqsimam- µZ5t8k5 si4√6gxaAi, Wys/sAi, missions whether they are legends, mijuq aanniasiurutauvannikuminiit xg6ym/8i¬8•5 s=?¬8i5 bfJm/{y8i5 poetry, life experiences and/or suggest inunnut Kivallirmit. NlNw6yA8N6gy. something you would like to see • Kingulliqpaaq ilinniaqtimut, Maatiu in the magazine. Laahiit aaqqisuqtausimajuq uqausirnit qinirniq. d/8N¨4 wM8NE?4v{y. Atii tunngasullusi titiraqattarissi Thank you for your cooperation. lw svo6 uqalimaagattinnut unikkaaqtuanguguni, ≈6r{hwp Ms. Looee Okalik pisiujauguni, atuqsimajanniluunniit Editor uvvaluunniit takujumajassinnit nalu- naiqsigunnaqtusi.

Qujannamiik ilannarivakkassi. Lui Ukaliq Aaqqissuiji

3 4 nwm8 xNFxW4 u5tmbo7usb6 w˚o3Fx !(!# w6vsm/ui si4√6g6

SIMON ANAVIAPIK OF POND INLET, NT born 1913 Remembering Old Times

SAIMAN ANAVIAPIK MITTIMATALIMMIUTAQ Inuulirvia 1913 Iqqaumajamini Unikkaaqtuq

nwm8 xNFxW4 btQ/s5txJJ6 wkg- Simon Anaviapik was a respected elder, Saiman Anaviapik tatigijauttiajujuq inu- c6, x∫bQ/sJ6 w5gE/sJ3l xuhk5 father and grandfather of many in tuqaq, ataatagijaujuq itturijaujurlu amisu- u5tmbo7u5, kN5yx3u5. nwm8 kox- Pond Inlet, NT. Simon and past wife, nut Mittimatalimmit, Nunatsiarmit. EJ/zl, yÍM s˜J6, eg3zcJÔ4 Sipporah Ulaajuq had 12 children. Saiman nuliarijujangalu, Sipuula Ulaajuq, doi5 m3Îi9l. nwm8 w˚J8•JJ6 µ{y Simon passed away at a fruitful age of qiturngaqajujuuk qulinit marruunillu. !((@u5 &(i5 x3ÇAco6gi. nwm8 79 in March 1992. In his journal, Saiman inuujunniijujuq Maassi 1992mit ttC6ym/q8i5 vsp4vwK6 s?5t8i5 Simon shares with us the miraculous 79nit arraaguqaliqtuni. Saiman titiraqsi- vmN6goc5b3iuiq8i5 x7ml x{hD3- and struggle-some times he and others majanginnit qaujikkaivuq uvattinnit iE?5buiq8i5 xyqbl XX5tpst9- experienced as keepers and survivors of qamanaqtuliqattarnimininginnit ammalu lQ5 xJZpst9lQ5 slExND8N6gu5 the harsh and giving land of the arctic. assururnirivattamininginnit asingitalu xw5g6gwpsJu9l kNu5 srs6b6gu5. papattijiutillugit ajugaajiutillugit uluriana- I began writing this on November rurnaqtumit aittuqtuijiujumillu nunamit kFWE @, !(^(at9lA E%-&%@ 2nd, 1969. My name is Anaviapik. ukiuqtaqtumit. ttCyKz si4√3lz cspMs6ym/4vi4 Some people my age still use the SwA6X4Lz ho wMzi csp?4Lz. old disc numbers that have been Nuvipiri 2, 1969ngutillugu E5-752 titi- rasivunga unikkaarlunga qaujilauqsima- jakkanik puiguqpaktunga suli ilangani qaujivaktunga. Qanukiaq arraaguqaliq- nwm8 xNFxW4 dFxh5gi Nqctc6f6 kv3ui5 kv6t6Xu5 Nh7u5. tunga aujakkut tuktusiuqsuta immaqaa Simon Anaviapik stands happy with his youngest brother Nashook. Aaggasitiup pigiarningani tariurmit Saiman Anaviapik quviasuttuni nangiqatiqaqquq nukarminit nunamut aullaasivugut tuktusiuqsuta. nukaqtiqpaamit Nasummit. Ataatama nangmangita qaanganiikpak- 5 ckrx6 x3ÇAco3Lz xs/4f5 g4gy- discarded. My number was E5-752. tunga ilaanni pisukpaktunga, anaanama s3Lb w7mç ≈[Zyts2 WQx3izi bE- I am going to tell of my experiences. tasiuqtuninga. s3u5 kNj5 xs9˜yKA5 g4gys3Lb. I cannot remember exactly how Angutit imannaulluti ataataga Angu- x∫bm N1mqb çz•4X4Lz w˜8i old I was, but I do remember that it tirjuaq, Kunuk, Kaukuarjuk, Tuurngaq Wh4X4Lz, xˆNm bys3Liz. was summer when we used to go amma Taqaugaq. Avisimalluta aujaq xat5 wm8Ns9lt x∫bZ xat3J- hunting caribou. I think it was the ukialiqtillugu katigilluta nunainnarmi. x6, fk4, vsfx3J4, ©3z6 x7m bc- beginning of August. We were trav- Kimussiqpaliqtuti amirmik qamutiqaq- sZ6. xFym9lb xs/6 srxo6t9lA elling from the salt water up on the tuta allirarmiittuta sunauvva. Tasirmi vtQ9lb kNw8N3u. rj{y6Xo3Lt xu3u4 mainland. I remember riding on top nunaqalaukaktuta apummik igluqaliqtuta cjtc3Lb x9oC3¨PLb hNs=?. by3u of the load which my father carried tuttuqattaqtutik iqalugasukpaktutiglu kNcMsv4Lb xS7u4 w[lco3Lb g5g- on his back. Sometimes I walked aulasaqtutik. Tupiqput qisik aturunniir- with my mother holding my hand. mat ataatama tasirmut imaaqtuniu aktu- There were six heads of families in naamut nivinngaqtuniuk. Sunauvva ee5txE9lis4 Í6g3LA our camp—my father Angutirjuaq, qamutiliariniaqtanga akunipaluk imaani- itittuniu ullunik qatsinikkiaq. Tautuliri- NSo3F{nq8i4 cN5t8i[l Kunuk, Kukuarjuk, Turnga, Kasaat- teak, and Taqaugaq. We would part vara tasirmit amulluniuk manirarmut cjt9M5∫a6ƒpo3Lt4. in the summer, then meet again in isivittuniu ijjumik ilullisuqtuniuk kug- the fall. luktugu ilugiliqtugit qamusiarilluniuk. We would travel by land only at Qiqittiarilluniuk puuqtuqtugu napulir- It looked like a real sled vissanginnik qanattinniglu qamutillat- even though some parts of it that time of the year. Walking and pulling our goods on a skin sled. First taanguqquujilillutik. Tupiviniqput ijju- had once been our house. we would live by a lake in a tupiq mik ilulliqtuqtunigit qiqilirami surraj- (skin tent) until we could move into jaqtullunilu ijjujualuullutik. Aullaaqpalirilluta kisiani annuraaliuq- Qiqittiarilluniuk an iglu (snow house). The men fished palauqtut nutaanik atigitaaqtutalu, qulit- and shot caribou often. When our puuqtuqtugu napulirvis- taqtaaqtutalu sunauvva utilirmijugut tupiq was no longer required, my sanginnik qanattinniglu tariurmut. Immaqaa Nuuvippirimi tariu- father would put it in the lake for rmut tikitainnaratta maulirasuliqtutik qamutillattaanguq- several days. I saw that my father was nattiqpaliqtutik utaqqiliqtugut. Sunauvva quujilillutik. making a wooden sled frame. I still tikitaugatta Iigarjuarmiunit aujaugatta, remember how he pulled the tupiq Iigarjuarmiilirilluta ukiuqtillugu. Sunauvva skins from the lake and stretched imanna sunagaqaqpaktuviniit aujakkut c5b3Lt4 wclZh4X4Lt[l xsMn3Lt4. them flat on the ground and anchored qukiriarami puukutik igippanngitsugit gW6S5 ey4 xgD8•3m5 x∫bm by3j5 them with rocks. Next he cut them wµ3Lis x4Lˆj5 iF8z3Lis4. hNs=? tamarmittiaq qukiriarutik puukut pivak- into strips and tied the strips to both tugit. Aaqqiksuqpaktugit arjamit nuna- cjtoxEix6bz xfiXl4 wµ•t9- sides of the runners. He made holes jamiglu ilallugit tisisaqtugit sakkuliuq- lis s9li4 c5yi4rx6. bsgoE?C for a cross bar. The cross bar was paktutik. Taanna puukuup sigaqtautiku- by3u5 xj9lis4 miC3j5 wyFPLis made from caribou antlers. It looked lua sanallugu. Sunagallattaanik aksualuk w0Ju4 wl9oh3Lis4 f[l4LA wlQo3LQ5 like a real sled even though some piuqsuaqtutik ilaannikkut puukuuk mar- cjyxE9lis4. ee5txE9lis4 Í6g3- parts of it had once been our house. ruinnakuluuk aujamut naammakpalauq- LA NSo3F{nq8i4 cN5t8i[l cjt9- Before we travelled, my mother tuuk. Imanna 7lik 10ni iluliqaliqpalauq- M5∫a6ƒpo3Lt4. gWFi6S5 w0Ju4 made new parkas and other clothes tuq, maannali 7lik 20nik qipitakuluit wl9o6g3LiQ5 eeoCu h3C0/6g9lil for us. Then we went back to the iluliqaliqpaktuq. Tuktu qukirunnali- w0JJx¬9lt4. coast. I think it was November when raangamijjuk kisiani sanaugaunngittu- xs9˜6XoE9lb ryxi x8kÇos6X- we arrived. The men went seal hunt- mut qukiriaqpaktutik. Qukirlugu kisiani Ms6g5 k∫i4 xtQ∫3Lbl, do5b6- ing and were lucky to catch some. supuuqtuqpaktutiglu ikumamut auma- ∫3Lbl hNs=? sto3uJA5 bEs3j5. They were hunting every day while littunnaratik. Kisiani aumaqaqtutik w7mç ˚F2WEu bEs3j5 trbw8NC5b we waited for the people from ujaqqanit. Paippaakuluk qitummaksatti- msoCho3Lt4 N5t6Xo3Lt4 sb6ro6- Iigarjuaq to come for us. When aqtugu arjaq imirmut auktittugu. Uuna- gA5. hNs=? trbsZ5b ∑Z3Jx3usi5 they came we returned with them juktumut taanna paippaaq tavvunga xs/sZ5b, ∑Z3Jx3öE9lb srs6t9lA. and spent the winter there. itsaktiktugu itsangmat paniqsiarillugu hNs=? wm8N hNZc6X4gF•5 xs/4f5 People who hunted the caribou taimanna aumalippaktutik, kaajuqtutik drExCu Íft4 wQ2X8qPLQ5 bm3u5- with guns did not throw away their agiavinirmut aumaaggiqtaqtittugu. tx6 drExDt4 Íf5 W?4LQ5. ≈6r4- empty cartridges after using them. Taanna paippaaq aumannguraangat h6X4LQ5 x3/u5 kN/u[l wM9lQ5 They made more bullets by mixing supuuqtuutimi ilulingita qaanganut ilil- tyn3LQ5 n4fos6X4Lt4. ∫8N Íƒ2 yZ6- gunpowder and melting lead to make lugu. Ikumallattaamiktauq piuqsuarillu- 6 bstflx nN9lA. hNZ9M5∫i4 x4hxl4 the balls. Two boxes of cartridges tik. Kisiani igagiaraangamik niqiliura- Ws6hx3Lt4 w˜8i4f5 Íƒ4 m3Dw8Nf¬4 containing ten rounds each would suliraangamik ikumamut ikiivallutik. xs/j5 ˆ7m4XMs6©4. wm8N &o4 !)i last for the whole summer that way. Aaqqissaq tavva ajuqtauluaqtutuuvak- wloco6XMs6g6, µ8No &o4 @)i4 Now there are twenty cartridges in tuni. Taimaitillugit taitsumani suqqui- eWbflw5 wloco6X4g6. g4g drD8- each box and we do not have to sulilauqpunga. NoÇzu0J4 ryxi nNsZs8q5gj5 reload them. Amma tavva qangannguqtillugukiaq drEx6X4Lt4. dr3lA ryxi hÍ6g6- I remember when our people Iigarjuarmiilirilluta. Qallunaaqaqtuni X4Lt[l wfmj5 xsmo5g8NCt4. ryxi smoked before there was anything Quvviuginnarmik, Qajaap ataatanganik, xsmc3Lt4 s/6vi5. Xw2Xfl4 eg7m4- like cigarettes. They smoked using umiarjuaq tikinnianngittualuummat n5tx3LA x3/6 wu3j5 xs4tPLA. ßN- bone or metal pipes. They would arraagutillugu sunauvva niqaigutinnir- J4gj5 ∫8N Xw2X6 b=Kz w5n4t3LA use a flint to light their pipes. First mat. Aujakkut tautukpalauqtara sigjami w5n1m5 Xi6yxE9lA bwm8N xsmo2- they softened some paper, mixed pisuqattaqtuq sunauvva qiqquaturasuk- X4Lt4, √J3Lt4 xQxFi3j5 xsµ[Q6- gunpowder in hot water, and put the tuq, uummauninginnik avvuqtuq. b6tPLA. ∫8N Xw2X6 xsm8aÇz5 black mixture on the paper. When the Arraaguuk marruuk aniguqtillugiuqqu- hÍ6©tu wloqb çzk5 wo9lA. paper was dry they used it to light uqtuq umiarjuaqtauliqpuq. Itirlangmit wfm9M5∫u4bs6 Ws6hxE9lt4. ryxi their pipes. When the spark from nunaqalaurilluta qallunaaqarmat Sanni- wZQxÇzu4 ieosChoÇzu4 wfmj5 the flint fell on the paper it caught rummi, tulukkanilu sakirmiaviniq nuna- w®?9lt4. ≈6r{n6 b=? xJ6bslx6- fire. They used real fire when meat qaqtuni Iigarjuarmiiliqtilluta tikitautain- g©?4Li. bwmwt9lQ5 bw5hmi was cooking. naratta umiarjuami Sakirmiaviniq pisuk- h6fwhoMs6Sz. tuni Tulukkaaninngaaqtuni nammaktuni x7m b=? cz8a6t9lArx6 tiriganianit piqatiqaqtuni inummik tikit- ∑Z3Jx3öE9lb. c9lˆc3Li d=FsQ8- tuni Iigarjuarmut. Umiarjuamuaqtuni N3u4, c÷2 x∫bzi4, sux3Jx6 tr8- c9lˆc3Li d=FsQ8N3u4, inuillu tavvaniikkillutik taatsuma Sanni- ix8q5gx¬7m5 x3ÇAt9lA hNs=? c÷2 x∫bzi4, sux3Jx6 rummiutaup ninngautinnirmagu paajua- luulirmatigguuq taannaguuq Sannirum- icwAt8i3m5. xs/4f5 bsg4XMs6bC tr8ix8q5gx¬7m5 y[/u Whc5b6g6 hNs=? e6fxgC- miutaq saalagijakuluginnirmagu tappi- h4g6, ß7msiq8i4 x=K6g6. x3ÇÅ4 taunniqtuni. Umiarjuap angajuqqaangatta m3Î4 xiA6t9lQs6ƒ6g6 sux3Jx6- There was a white man miangata tuglianit iliijaqsuqtaalugilluniu- bso6S6. wt3M1u5 kNcMsE9lb c9- there called Saqqimiaq who guuq angajuqqaangatta saputinniqtu- niuk. Majuaqtuni anaanagalu nunamiit- lˆc3m5 n8iD3u, gl4vil nr3uxFi6 was unhappy because his kNc3Li ∑Z3Jx3ö6t9lb trbsbw8- tutuutillunuk uvattinuarniqtunik qiaru- NC5b sux3Jxu nr3uxFi6 Wh4Li ship did not arrive. luktuniguuq. Taimali kappiasulirama gl4√i8Ω3Li N7m4Li tEZixi5 Wc- qaujimajunniirniqpunga, uvattinni sinik- taniqtuni. Qautillugu majuarnirmata tc3Li wk7u4 trPLi ∑Z3Jx3j5. Qallunaaqaqtuni qallunaat angajuqqaangat qaiqqujaullu- sux3Jxjx3Li wkw9l b=?•4r9lt4 Quvviuginnarmik, Qajaap niguuq uqallaujjaunniqtuni imanna niu- ∫5hm n8iD7usbs2 i8zst8i3mA XJ- ataatanganik, umiarjuaq virluniguuq niqitaarunnaqtuq tiriganiag- x¬o3mt[Å6 ∫8NÅ6 n8iD7usb6 nMQ- giaminugguuq niuvirluni. Imannaaluguuq /flQ8i3mA bWbsi3Li. sux3Jx2 tikinnianngittualuummat uqallagviulluni umiarjuakugguuq ajurmat xzJ6√z5b uxzb g[oxi5 wø/6- maanna. Qimussikkugguuq angirrara- h6∫lQ9lisÅ6 xzJ6√z5b nSt8- suqujaulluni. Ukiuqpat Kuugjuakkuur- i3Lis4. mJx3Li xˆNZl kN¨5g©- I also remember living in Iigarjuaq, luni unatarataaqtualuunnirmata jaama- t9lk4 s?5tkx3i3Li4 exDl4LiÅ6. although I do not know what year it niunnirmat qanukiaq angitigilirniqpunga bwmo v2WxhoCm cspmJ8•3i6Sz, was. There was a white man there tallimaniglukiaq tisamaniglukiaq ukiu- s?5t8i yi4bi3Li. cst9lA mJx3- called Saqqimiaq who was unhappy qalirniqpunga. Mikittukuluutillunga i3mb c9lˆ5 xzJ6√z5 cw6f/s9- because his ship did not arrive. I ilauvalilauqpunga ataatanni, suli liÅ6 sc9Ms0/s8i3Li wm8N isF3- often watched him walking around puiguqpaktunga. liÅ6 ie∫D8N6g6 tEZix[Qxuk[Å6 the seashore, eating kelp. The ship Ukiutillugu niurruaggirmat ataataga isF3li. wm8ˆlÅ6 sc9M[Fs9li finally came a year after we had ilaullunga najagalu angajuqpaavut piqa- sux3Jxf[Å6 xJ3m5 µ8N. ej{y4f[Å6 moved to Tulukkak. Saqqimiaq had tigillugu. Tulukkaanut tikinnatta ataatavut xq3CChd/s9li. srs6X5 ƒ[Jx4ƒ3li moved to Sanniruaq and then to majuarmat ullukkuuratta najangma malik- sNbC∫6gx¬8i3mb ÷mis8i3m5 ckr- Tulukkak. Saqqimiaq and an Inuk tigijumalirmaanga kappiasukkaluaqtunga x6 xqtQo3i6Sz b9omi[lrx6 came on foot to Tulukkak, carrying asuillaak majuaqtunuk isiqtunuk niriti- tnmi[lrx6 srsco3i6Sz. ur5gf- fox skins. The white man went to the taummarialuktuta. Aninialiratta aluuti- ¬t9lz wMs?oMs6Sz x∫b8i, ho ship and while on board got into a kulungmit qaittilluninga aksualuk alianai- SwA6X4Lz. fight with a man from Sanniruaq. gusuktunga sunauvva ataatama najak- 7 kunginnuuqtugut Qimmivimmit nuna- qarnirmata. Taima angirranirmigatta Iigarjuamut, qaujilirivunga Alianakuluup nulianga tuqujuq, sivulliqpaaq tuqumik qaujjitiga amma tavva ataatama anaananga aanniaqtualuulirilluni amma tuqugilluni ningiunguluanngittuni. Upirngaangulirmingmat Kangirmut aullalirivugut tuktunnasugialirmilluta sunauvva nunamut pisulirilluta. Julai nungugiaqtillugu immaqaa taqqit pingasut tuktunnasuktutik. Supuuqtujuikpak- tutik, supuuqtungit qijummik ipuaqaq- paktutik tipaakingata asianik ipuaqaq- paktutik. Tamakkua ipuaviniit supuuq- tuutit agguqtaullutik kisuruluujarnit ilauqtaullutik nunarakulungnik supuuq- tuqtauvaktutik. Sulugaavinirnullu kau- sautigilauqtugit sulluanut supuuqtuuti ilagijauvakkillutik. Utirmigatta tariurmut qimussiqtuta utirivugut. Nunainnarmi tunnurnik uqsuqaqtuta qullirmut. Tuttuup tunnu- anut uqsuqaliqpaktuta utiliqpalauqpugut nunainnarmit tariurmuaqtuta. Tariur- muaratta mauliqpaktuti nattipaktutik nattiup uqsuanik uqsagaangatta aupaq- quujiqattaqtut sivulliqpaamit ikittugu tariurmuasaaqtuni. srst9lA is3Dx[Q3m5 x∫bZ wM- They fought and the white man won. Tavvali qimuksinit tikitauliratta Iigar- s9lz N/Zl xzJ6XK5 WctQ9lA. The second mate intervened and put juamiinngaaqtunit tusaliqtuta niuviqti- gl4√k5 tr8N5b x∫bK5 mJx3m5 s9l4- him in his place. The captain told taqaliqpuruuq Mittimatalingmit qauji- ƒC5b N/1m mo4tQJmo3µz v2Wxh4- the white man to leave and he went mattialiqtillunga, tisamanigguuq niuviq- vlx3Lz xhw9˜4 mJx3Lk4 wy3Lk4 back to shore. tiqaliqpuq kapitaingalu, titiraqtingalu, iEtbs7mExl4Lb. xiixoC5b x¬t- My mother and I were alone on tusaajingalu, puliisilu atausiq tavvani niu- fl1u5 cw5t9liz x4hxl4 xoxNw- the shore when Saqqimiaq came to viqtikkunni taanna puliisi igluqaqataujuq. Ah4Lz hNs[? x∫bm N/4fq8˚6gA5 our shelter. He was weeping. I was Aullaliqtuta tangmaaqpaktuta tikin- e7uF7u5 kNc3i3mb. bwm xq3Ci3- frightened at first but he stayed with natta tavvunga qaiqqujaulluta nirititaul- uZ5b ∑Z3Jxj5, cspoEKz xoxN- us that night. lutalu innait tavvaakitaaqtitaullutik, suru- f¬2 koxz gdJ6, yK9o6X6 gdu4 The next morning the captain of siqtigut uqummiagaqtaaqtuta. Taima cs0ptZ x7m b=? x∫bm xˆNz the ship and some other white people Iigarjuamuaqtuta qallunaaqaraluaratta ≈8ix6gx¬oE9li x7m gdQ9li came ashore to look for Saqqimiaq. tikiqujaulirilluta taakkunanngat kampa- iqsalx8qPLi. They found him with us and they nikkunnit. Tavvaniiliqtuta quviasugvik sW3Ωao3u1m5 vq3j5 xs9MoEKA5 talked to him for a long time. They anigurmat Iglulingmut qimuksiliqtuta. g4g8NhQxo3u9lb hNs=? kNj5 Who- told him that he could not travel with Taanna tusaaji ilaulluni uvattinnut. E9lb. JMw kaQx6t9lA w7mç b6r5 them on the ship. They said there Niuviaksanit usilluta kisutuinnarnik Wzh5 g4g8Nh4Lt4. hÍ6gJw4X4Lt4, was a war on and because the man qukiutiniglu sunagarniglu qimuksinit hÍ6gq5 eJ7u4 wSxc6X4Lt4 tXr- was a German they could not take ikajuqtaulluta marruingulluta. Ammat- zb xyxi4 wSxc6X4Lt4. bm4fx him. They told him to go by dog- tauq puliisiik marruuk atunit inuqaqtutik wSxF•5 hÍ6©t5 x[A6bs9lt4 rhD- team to Churchill when winter came. Kunuk Iigarjuarmit tilijaungmijuq Iglu- lingmut atauttikkuuqatigijavut niuviak- saggirmijuq. Qimussiit 5ngullutik Iglu- lingmit utiliqpugut upirngaksaanguliq- xaNh5t N5t6bui5 WM2S6 e7uq5 bfC8ˆt9lQ5. tillugu usikiliqtuta utiliqpugut. Tiriga- A successful hunter butchers a seal while his dogs look on. nianginnarnik usiliqtuta uqinniqsakkuuq- Angunasutti nattiqtaminit pilappuq qimmingit takurannaatillugit. tuni. Tauvunngaliqtuta usijualuulauqtuta 8 ¬/3i5 wMs6bs9lt4 kNCfl1i4 hÍ6- When I was perhaps four or five niqinillu qimmiqqutiksaniglu niuviak- g6bs?4Lt4. hlZFi3k9l vsnstQMs3- years old, my elder sister and I went saalunniglu. LQ5 h9lxk5 hÍ6©t wMQ/s?4r9lt4. with my father to the trading post Aujarmingmat Atit tikikkilluni sivul- st3uZ5b bEs3j5 ej{y3Lb stE- early in the winter. We were at liqpaulluni. Taaqsiqattaliqtillugu niuviq- KA5. kNw8N3u g8k3i4 s6hc3Lb d9- Tulukkak then. We rode on the sleigh tikkut umiarjuangat Nasikuupi tikittuni. o3j5. g5©2 g8kxk5 s6hco6X4Lb and I remember it was very early in Atit puliisiggiqtuni unupaluktunik taima sto6XMs6SA5 kNw8N3u5 bEs3j- the morning when we arrived at the Kiugaarjuk pijaulluni puliisinit Atitkut x3Lb. bEs3jxC5b mso6X4Lt N5t- post. Though my sister and I were angirraujjauliqtuni. Kampanikkunniiqu- X4Lt4 N5ts2 s6hxi4 s6nZz5b frightened, we decided to follow my jaulirmalli ataatavut ukiaksaanguliqtillugu xsX6ƒpc5b6g5 yK9o6Xu5 wrPLA father into the store. The people gave suli imautillugu qijussaliriqujaulirming- bEs3jxn3Li. us food to eat and when we were mata inuit ataataga angajuqqaarijaulluni b=?o ej4yi5 trbsoC5b ∑Z3Jx- leaving, a white lady gave me a white ukiakkut puuqqaituinnaqtutik ukiurmat ¨8Ω6gi5 gno3Lb isF6tbco6SÎ6 spoon. I was happy to receive it. aiksiqpaktutik qijuksaqarunniiraangatta. u5tmbo1u5 cspm5txo6t9lz, tnm- After we left Tulukkak, we visited Upirngassaangulirmat Iglulimmiut i[Å6 isF6tco6S6 vWbwzl, tt- my aunt’s house at Qimminiq. This tikimmata usikaqtaqtitauliqtuti qijussanit C6tzl, gnpzl, Søyl xbsy6 was a happy time for me because I tununirusirmiullu. Taimali aujammimmat b=?i isF6t4f8i ∫8N Søy w[lc- did not know she was my aunt. Then niuviqti angajuqqaanguniqsaq aullarilluni. cbsJ6. we went back to our old camp at Titiraqtinga angajuqqaanguliqtuni Mit- xs9Mo3Lb b1µ6X4Lb tr8N5b b=- Iigarjuaq. I remember it was there timatalimmit. Ukiassalirmimmat taimanna Kz cw6f/s9lb iEtbs9lbl w8Nw5 that Alianakuluk’s wife died. This was suli qijussalirilirmilluti. Iglulimmiut b=¿r∫6tbs9lt4, hDy6tA5 sd7ux- the first time that a person I knew upirngassaangulirmimmat tununirusir- Z6∫3Lb. bwm ∑Z3Jxjx3Lb c9lˆc- died. My grandmother became very miullu usiqattalirilluti niuviqtikunniingin- ClxC5b trd/soE9lb ∫4fN8z5 v7X- ill too and she died. She was not naliqtuta. Aujammimmat niuviqti aullarilluni, i4f8i5. b=?•o3Lb dFxh[F4 xiA3m5 very old. marruungnik niuviqtitaaqtuta. Sikusi- w[lo1j5 ej4yo3Lb. ∫8N gnp wM- It was spring again when we went maliqtillugu niuviqtit angajuqqaangat s9li s?5t8k5. isFx4ni5 sy9lb west to hunt caribou. When summer Nikusi atinga tununirusirmut aullaaru- rhgw8N3i4 drsti[l hNZ3i[l ej4- came, we walked inland. I believe it malirmingmat qimuksiqtutik ataataga yi5 wvJ6bs9lb m3Dwa9lb. x7m5- was the end of July. We hunted the ilaulluni ammalu Akumalikkuk nuliariik bs6 Sø¥4 m3Î4 xgi5 wkc3Lt4 fk4 caribou there for about three months. qiturngangiglu marruuk. Illauq, Ittukussuk ∑Z3Jx3u5 to/s1uJ6 w[lo1j5 xbs5- Our people used to run out of taakkuak utirumalirniqtutik nunakkut t4ƒctQ/K5 isFx4n[Q3uJ6. ej{¥5 tobacco often. The men used to mix quviasugviup ulluqsiutaani taqqingani. %a9lt4 w[lo1u5 sto6SA5 sW3z- their tobacco to make it go farther. Ataataga uqarniqtuni nunakkuuruma- na o6t9lA syro3Lb sto6SA5. tE- Sometimes they would smoke small Zixq8N3i4 syo3Lb se8i6n4ƒ6Li. nani aqqutaa qaujimannginnamigjuk. leaves. They even smoked with Taanna qallunaaq kiunniqtuni, “Takuguk bsK8zo3Lb syJx¬Ms3Lb iei9l feathers. I remember how they nunannguatigut qanittukulu, qilamiku- e7u6ft4ni[l isFx4nl8i[l. used to smell. luguuq tikikkajaqtut.” Ilaaguuq ataata- xs/3u1m5 xt5 tr4r9li yK9o6X- In the fall, we went back to the ma kiugilluniu, “Nunakkuurasukkutta s9li. ∫6yc5bo6t9lA isF6t4f5 coast by dogteam. We used to light niqikittukuluuliratta qimmivullu niqik- sux3Jxz5 NyƒW trPLi. xt5 Sø- our lamps with caribou fat. When saqanngillutik kaangniaqtualuujugut.” y[Q3Li skXl4gi4 bwm rsZ3J4 W/- we reached the sea the men would Ilaaguuq qallunaangat nunakkuuru- s9li Søyi5 xt5f5 xq3Cs0/so3Li. hunt at the seal holes. When we had mainnaqtuni taatsumaguuq Akumaliup v7Xi4f8•d/so3m9o x∫bK5 srx4na- seal fat it was much better. The flame tappirmagu kattujjaulirami ataataga o6t9lA ho wmst9lA eJ{noEd/- in the lamps was bright red and not uqaqtuniguuq, “Atii qaujiniaqpusi taima so3u1mb wkw5 x∫bZ xzJ6√E/- as smoky as when using caribou fat. nunakkuuliqta.” Uqautikkanniraluaqtu- s9li srx4f5 Í6vwgw8N3Lt4 srs3m5 When we were on the coast a nigigguuq ullukittukuluulirmat aqqutaalu xw4O6X4Lt4 eJ4ncD8•Çz5b. dogteam came for us from Iigarjuaq. qaujimanatigut kaangniaqtualuuvugut. sW3z{nao3m5 w[lo7us5 tr7mb The drivers told us that there were Ilaaguuq qanittukuluunirailirmatik quja- syv6b6tbso3Lt eJ{ni5 gkiDy3- traders at Pond Inlet and my father naaliqtuniguuq. Taimali tammaumalir- us9l. bwmo xs/7u7m5 isF6t xz- decided we should go with them. We niqput qimmimiguuq niqiqarumalirma- J6√ai6n6 xs9ME9l i. ttC6tz had to stop several times on the way. tik uqautillunigik taimali uqautittialau- xzJ6√ao3Li u5tmbo7u5. srx{n- When we arrived we found there raluaqpatsi nunakkuurumananga taimali o3u7m5 bwm8N ho eJ{noEo3u4Lt. were four white men at Pond Inlet — kaagajanngilagut sikukkut utirasulaurut- w[lo7us5 sW3z{nao3u7m5 gkiD- Big Kapitie, his clerk, an interpreter ta qimmivullu kaagajanngilat nattiqpa- y3us9l syc5boE9lt isF6tf8•- and a policeman, they all lived to- gajaratta. Uggualiraluaqtutigguuq tam- q8No3Lb. gether at the Hudson’s Bay Company maaraangami qimmimik tuquttivaliqtutik 9 xs/7u7m5 isF6t xs9ME9li, house. A lady invited us in and gave igallutik uujuliuqpaktutik. Uqsualuqa- m3Î1i4 isF6t∫3Lb. yfymo6t9lA us food. They gave the children runniiramik uqsunik tamainnik nungu- isF6t5 xzJ6√z5 ify xtz candy and the older people tobacco. rutigamik utirumaliraluarmingmatigguuq gkiDy3j5 xs9˜Dmo3u1m5 ej4y3Lt4 We stayed at Pond Inlet until uqautigillugik, “Utirasukkaluarutta tuqu- x∫bZ wMs9li x7ml xfmo4f4 ko- after Christmas at which time we tuinnarnialiqtugut,” utirumajunniiqtuti- x‰4 eg3zq[l m3Î4. w9Ms6, w5g- left for Igloolik by dogteam. The guuq. Taakkuaguuq ilangik malituinna- f{h4 ∫4fx4 stDmo3i3Lt4 kN4f5 dFx- policeman and an interpreter came liqtutik. Taannaguuq inuuqatinga Akumalik h[Fs2 s9l6ys∫i b6rzi. x∫bZ with us on the journey. We carried ningaugilluniuk iglulijunnaillijulluniguuq sc3i3Li kN4ƒDmNi x6f∫ cspm8- merchandise, guns, and ammunition tangmaasaaliraangamiguuq aummisinik q8Nu[J4. ∫8N c9lˆ6 rs8i3Li, for trading at Igloolik. Besides us uliksuqtauvaktuni. Qimuksirasungniruuq “bfA4 kN8axtA5 ci5gf9l, eMu- there was another Inuk with a five- akuniugiliramiuk qimmingillu amiakku- flÅ6 tr4v/6g5.” w˜Å6 x∫bm rs- dogteam who came with us. qarninginni pisugiarumaliqtuni uqautil- Q9lis, “kN4ƒCh4f5b ier5gf¬oC5b It was spring when we got back lunigiguuq pirliqaaqtinnasik inungnut e7uK9l ie4nc8q9lt4 √1ix6gx- from Igloolik. We returned to Pond tikikkuma paqsaqtaulaaqtusik. Asuil- ¬JA5.” w˜Å6 c9lˆz5 kN4ƒDmw8- Inlet with a light load of fox skins. It laaguuq pingummut natsiqpagasuktuni was much lighter than the load we tammaaqsimalluti. Taannaguuq ningaunga had taken with us. We bought sup- maliktuni uqautilluniuguuq utiquliqtu- plies and other goods to take back niuk utirumananiluguuq, utiraluaruni- eJ{noEd/so3u1mb wkw5 to our camp at Iigarjuaq. guuq suvalikiarniaqtuq utiquvalaura- luaqtuniuguuq maliinnarasulirmat suqu- x∫bZ xzJ6√E/s9li When summer came again the Atik (the C.G.S. Arctic) arrived with tigijunniiqtuniuk qimattaalugivaktuniu- a policeman. When they left they guuq utaqqituinnaqpaktuniuk kinnaqu- The white men hired the took a man named Kiugaarjuk with tigituinnaliqtuniuguuq. Sikumugguuq tikinnamik inuit kangingaanganut siku- Inuit to gather fuel for them as a prisoner. It was getting linniqtuni piqatingaguuq utaqqilluniuk dark early when the Nascopie arrived. their stoves akuniruluguuq anngutinngiksuni anngu- The next fall they asked my father tingmagguuq uqautilluniuk tariurmut to go to the Hudson’s Bay post when tikinniraqtuni. Taimaguuq inuit nunaliit Qijussaliriqujaulir- the ice was set. The white men hired unaniipput taannaguuq uqaqtuni akkaaqai. mingmata inuit ataataga the Inuit to gather fuel for their stoves Atii apummik tamuanngualaurit uqaqtu- angajuqqaarijaulluni (from the coal deposits near Pond niguuq. Uqautilluniuguuq ilaaguuq Inlet). In the winter there was fuel manna tariurmit aglusilaurinai. Pijuma- only at the store. When they ran out naniguuq qiajualuugami. Supuuqtuq- of it, they went to get some more, N3Li ∫5hmÅ6 xfmos2 b2W3mA v5g0- tilauqtuniugguuq pisugumalirilluni. hauling it by dogteam. Uqautilluniuguuq tavva isumaginngillu- /soCu x∫bZ sc3LiÅ6, “x† csp- The post manager left when tit pisunnialiqpunga. Inungnut tikikkuma ix6Sy bwm kN4ƒo6b.” scst4v8i- break-up came and his clerk took paqsaqtauniaqputit, pisuliramiguuq mau- Clx3LiQ[Å6 s9lr5gf¬o3m5 x6f∫l over at Pond Inlet. When fall came jaullunilu qimakautigilluniuk. Unnukkut cspmNtA5 √1ix6gx¬KA5. w˜Å6 again people from Igloolik and Pond tikittualuunnirmat nunalingnut tavvali ci5gf¬iCwo3mt4 d/ô3LiÅ6. Inlet sacked up more coal. Spring asivaqsimajut tikinnirmata sinilauratik bwmo b7msmo3i6S5 e7uuÅ6 iec- came and they loaded it on boats. tumingitigut paqsaigiarniqtutik. Asuillaa Dmo3mt4 scst9liQ4 bwmo scst5- My family stayed with the traders all uumatillugit taakkua qimalauqtangit tik- txMsClx6X5y kN4ƒDmNz bwmo summer. After freeze-up the man- itaaluunnirmata ulluungniguuq marru- √Z/8qMA5 yf4f5 stChMsD5b e7u- ager, Niigasi, decided to go to Igloolik ungnik pisuktuq sinilaurani ataataga, K9l √Z/8qM5 N5t6XZ/C5b. s[Axo- by dogteam. My father and his family, tikiujjaummat aksualuk saluktisimalauq- Clx3Lt[Å6 b7µÇzu e7uu4 gd5t- Akumalik and his family, including simajuq. Ilaunninngippagguuq pirlirni- ?o3Lt4 wZ9lt4 ßJos6X4Lt4. s6hx- his children, Idlout and Ittukussuk, aqquuliqtuugaluak taimanna uqaqpa- lcD8•Cu4 s6hi4 bmw8i4 kaDtZu4 went along with the trader. lauqtut. Qallunaangagguuq uujuliura- stDmoClx3u1mt[Å6 scstQ9lQ4, In December that year the trader suliraangamik mikigaqtuqpaliqtuviniq “stCh4vlxD5b gdgw8N3ixo6gA5”, wanted to return by land to Pond qimmimik. stDmJ8•3LtÅ6. ∫4fxÅ6 wMq4 mo- Inlet. My father did not wish to go Ukiungulauqtuni arraagummingmat gw8No3Lt4. ∫8NÅ6 w˚ctz xfmo4 that way because he was not familiar niuviqti angajuqqaaqalirilluni. Amma izsQ9lis4 w[loJ8Nw9oJ9liÅ6 with the route. The white man said tavva niuviqtiup aippanga Kangiqtugaa- b1µnoÇzuÅ6 xs7uyi4 so4h6bs- that the map showed that it was a pingmut ukiukkut qimuksikkut ataatama ?4Li. ej4yCh1iÎ6 xfisQoCus4 shortcut and that we could get there qimuksiutilirmijanga, niuviqtiujaqtuqtu- e7uq9l xux4fc3iq8i WhQxDmo3Li more quickly. My father pointed out ni Kangiqtugaapingmut angajuqqaangu- 10 scst9liQÅ6 W3oç6t8Ny4 wk1k5 that if they attempted to go that way jaqtuqtuq. Ataataga utirmingmat tr4fm X6n6bs˜6gy4. xhw9˜Å6 at that time of the year they might aullaanguliqtuta taikunngaliqpugut. Wa 7j5 N5y6XZh4Li b7µ6ym9lt. ∫8N- all starve. It was a poor time — there Kangiqtugaapingmit niuviqtiqaqtuq Å6 izsz mo4Li scst9lisÅ6 was little food for humans and less atausirmik. Inuqaqtuni atiqaqtuq Matu, stdo3Lis4 stDmNilÅ6, stClxD- for the dogs. The trader still per- nulianga Ijivalluapik irniqaqtuni Maikmik iÅ6 h?orx3ix6g6 std?MsClx3- sisted and Akumalik took the trader’s nukaqaqtuni Muusisimik. Taanna Maik LisÅ6 mø8NCho3m5 hdtQJ8•3Lis4 side in the argument. They outvoted uvannit mikiniqsaulluni surusiuqatigil- em5∫lQ?4LisÅ6 sb6rgw8N6X4Lis4 my father. He at least agreed to go lugu upirngaakkut ilauvaktunuk nattira- r8NdtQgw8No3LisÅ6. yfj[Å6 tr8- but still warned them of the danger. suliraangata uuttunik. Uvanga 22mik Nu4 wkw5 vqΩzk5 yfo8i3Li Wc- When the journey began, the days qukiriaqpaliqtunga taannali Maik tzÅ6 sb6r9lis4 xfiDlÅ6 x8a- were already very short. There were qukiriarunnangiksuni. Aujanngurmingmat tavvani Kangiq- t8q4Li x8at1m[Å6 scst9lis4 no familiar landmarks to follow. Soon tugaapingmit umiarjuaq tikimmat Nasi- bEs3j5 tr8iC3Li. bwmÅ6 wkw5 we ran out of food and were very kuupi ikiqujaulirilluta aullaalirivugut. kNø5 sN•2S5 ∫8NÅ6 sc3Li x4√- hungry. Some of the party became Mittimatalingmi niurailauqtuta aullar- cw. x† xS7u4 bjx8axMsE5 sc3- so hungry they wanted to eat their migatta ataataga angajuqqaanguliqtuni LiÅ6. scst9lisÅ6 w˜Å6 m8N dogs. My father said that if they had umiarjuarmi. Sunauvva Qausuittumua- bEs3u5 x[lyMsENw. WJmNiÅ6 only listened to him and travelled liqpugut inuuqatiqaqtuta Kinngarmiunik: exJx¬Zu. hÍ6g6tMs3Lis[Å6 WhA- by the sea ice they would have seal Putuguq, Ittuluk, Pittiulaaq, taakkua moE9li. scst9lisÅ6 b=? whmQ8- meat for themselves and the dogs. angutiit. 1927-1928ngutilluguluunniit q9lt5 Wh8ixo6Sz. wk1k5 tr4fm The people were very sorry to do nalliakiaq puiguqtara ukiukkut tirigania- X6n6bsix6St5, WhoCuÅ6 ms/s9l- it, but soon found it necessary to kill qaqattaqtualuullutik, niuviqtivut sialaa- il emvstQ9lis4. s8k4f5 tr5gx¬8- some of the dogs if they were to qaqtuni Laapatuarmiutarnik pingasuu- i3m5 kNo1k5 b=?o xy?6ymJ5 tr8- survive. They boiled the dogs and juqtunik (6). i3mb yiMsCt4 guqtA5 X6nwQx3- ate them. They wanted my father to Aujanngurmingmat puliisiit umiar- i3Lt4. xhw9˜ ßmt9lQ5 ∫4fx emM- turn around and take them back to juangat tikittuni, tusaqtuta tikitaujjaa- s6bq5 tr∫¬8i3mb s9¬1iÅ6 m3Î1- Igloolik. There was no more kero- junniiqpugugguuq umiarjuaruuq angi- i4 Wh4g6 yiMsCi x∫bZ, trs0/- sene for the stoves. My father knew juq suraktualuungmat. Tavvani ullillutik

u5tbmo4, kN5yx6 v0÷N6gx¬K6 bw{hmi wkr5t9lA. Beautiful Pond Inlet, NWT, in the days of few. Mittitamalik, Nunatsiaq kajjaanaqtualuuvuq taissumani inukittillugu. 11 that turning around would mean marruungnik tusakkannirasuktutik, certain death. He told them that tusattiaramik qallunaavut ikiqujauliqtutik they had to go on. He left them and uvagullu inuktigut Aaktivvaimillu igluli- travelled alone ahead of the dogs. He juqalaurmingmat taakkuattauq ikillutik was searching for a hunting camp. uvagut Mittimatalingmut niujaulluta. He told the people he would find Ukiuqtillugu aullaaqtuta tiriganiarasuk- help and send it to them. tuta upirngaksaalimaami, Mittimataling- My father knew he could travel mualirilluta. much faster if he went alone, but Aujammingmat umiarjuaq mikittuq against his wishes, his brother-in- tikikkilluni Puajimisi atiqtaaqtuq. Ilau- law came too. But he slowed the qujaulirilluta aullarmigatta ataataga qau- pace down because he kept lagging jimajitaulirilluni Qausuittumut. Ungataa- behind and my father would have nuurniarlutali aqqusaaqtuta Aaktivvai- to wait for him. mullu qijuksanit usilikkaniqtuta niuvir- nwm8, yKos6tst9lA xsµloEF7u5 My father reached sea ice. He vivinirmiglu 1928nguqquuqtillugu eJ{ni5, u5tmbos2 yMt5txzi5. could tell by the signs around that usilirmilluta. Amma suli siqinirmut Simon, while team leader of a he had gone past an Inuit hunting tikinnatta qijuksanik usilikkaniqtuta coalmine at Qijussat, outskirt of camp. He waited for his companion inungmiglu nuliariingnik Ataguttaaluk Pond Inlet, NWT. but he did not come for a long time. Atuaq, maanna suli inuujuq taanna Saiman, sivuliuqtiutillugu When he finally arrived, my father Atuaq. Ukiaksaliqtillugu nuqqaqpugut aumaalulirivimmit Qijussanit, told him that they had reached salt Kangiqtukulungmut ikulliaqtillugu nuna Mittimataliup silatittianganit. water. The man did not believe it qanittukuluuliqtugu sukkaittukuluulluta until he tasted the snow. My father ingirralluta nuna qaniktummarikuluul- luni nausaaqujaugami 15nik itininga told him to look for seal holes while nuqqaliqtuta ikaarilluta kinguppiarasuli- s7m5 x4hxl4 nl4tymMs6ymJ6. wM- he went to look for the hunting raluaqtuni ajuliqtuni majuaqtaulluta s8i8q2X[Å6 W3o3ix6ƒo6©Zlx4 bw- camp that must not be far away. inuktigut sunauvva ulinnganniqtuni m8N sc6XMs6g5. c9lˆz[Å6 ßJos- The man was just too cold and tiniliqtunilu umiarjuaq uviqpallialluni ChoÇzu4 urZ6g6Xo6gFi6 e7uu4. hungry to hunt so my father left niuraigaluaqtuni igluksaniglu ulluq srsaMs3Li x3ÇA7u1m5 isF6t him, promising to send someone nunguttugu unnuliqtillugu uvialuktuni. xzJ6√coE9li. x7m b=? isF6ts2 for him if he found help. Qautillugu kisiani puktaliqpuq qattau- xw2Xz vq3LZW1j5 srs4f5 ej4y4f5 My father arrived at an Inuit janik aktunaamut ataagut attungiqsuq- x∫bm ej4ysto3u/z, isF6ts/6- sealing camp during the night. The taulluni umiarjuarmut ulimmat puktal- g3Li vq3LZW1j5 xzJ6√a/6g6g6. men had just returned from hunt- x∫bZ st3u1m5 xs9ão3Lb bwf8- laktuni saavakkanniqtuniuk kisaqtuni. ing. My father told them what had Tavva tavvuuna ilulliinasuliqtutik amma zo6SA5. vq3LZW1u5 isF6tc6g6 happened. The men harnessed their tavva kapitainga umiarjuap aullaruma- xbsy3u4. wkc3Li xtc6g6 mg, dogs and left to look for the rest of liqtuni ikumalingmut angijumut qullil- koxz wp?9lxW4 w3ic3Li mw4u4 the party. They followed his tracks. ingmut naksaqtattinnut aullalirillutik. kvc3Li ∆yyu4. ∫8N mw4 s?8i5 They found the people who had been Ataataga ilaulluni suli ungammut anga- uri6ns9li hDysctQ9lA sW3Ω4f5 walking slowly for two days. They juqqaammaringallu niuviqtilua aajiir- wMs?4Lk4 N5tChoÇzb ß5gi4. would have frozen to death had they niarngatalu piqataa sialaangalu ilangat s?z @@u4 drEx6Xo3Lz ∫8No stopped walking. They were very ataatagalu inuktatuulluni. Sunauvva mw4 drExD8NqPLi. weak. They then knew the wisdom Uqsuqtumuarasuktut kinguningani xs/8a3u1m5 b=?i vq3LZW1u5 of my father’s words. If he had not inungnit tikitaujualuugatta kappiasu- sux3Jx6 tr7m5 NyƒW wrd/soE9l b left them, all would have perished. lauqpunga aksualuk Nattilingmiunik xs9õEKA5. u5tmbo1u isCwMs3Lb The Inuit often talked about the takujariuqtunga. Tikittutik uqallalirmata, xs9M3uZ5b x∫bZ xzJ6√ao3Li white man who had been with them suurluukua mitiit. Taimanna isumalauq- sux3Jx3u. hNs=? cshw5gjxo6SA5 and how he had cooked the dog meat simavunga sunauvva kappiananngittut w˚ctc3Lb r8z3usi4: SgA6, w5g- and eaten it while it was still almost inullarialuulauqsimajut taitsumani taikkua. l4, W5ts˜6, ∫4fx xa†5. !(@&- raw. A year later he was replaced by Kisuqanngittut taakkua aullaaqsimajut — !(@*at9lA¬8•5 N9oxrx6 SwA6bC a new manager and my father took akunialuuqtutik sikuligaatillugu tikitain- srs4f5 tEZixcc5b6gx¬9lt4, him to Clyde River to be the trader. naqtutik, sunauvva kasurasuktuviniit isF6tK5 yx˜c3Li ˜Xgx3usb3i4 My father took me to Clyde River ungataanilu Uqsuqtuup tavvanngat Wz˙J6gi4 G^H. with him. There was one trader there tikimmata alianailauqsimavuq aksualuk. xs/8a3u1m5 Sø¥5 sux3Jxz5 and an Inuk whose name was Matuk. Sikuliqtillugu igluliangat pijariiqtunijjuk trPLi, gn3Lb trbs0÷J8•6SA[Å6 His wife was called Ivaluapik. They qimuksiqattaqtutik usiqattaqtutik nuna- 12 sux3JxÎ6 xqJ6 hC4gx¬1m5. b=?i had two sons — one called Mike and mut imiqtaqpaktutiglu ilauqattaliramalu s9o9lt4 m3Î1i4 gn4v8iCh4Lt4, gn5- a younger one called Moses. In the quviasuktunga mikijjiriaqtulirmatiglu txCu4 c9lˆK5 wrd/so3Lt4 s?A9l spring we often went seal hunting ataatakkukka Ataguttaalukkuk. Arnat- wk4tA5 ≈4t=?wu9l w[loJcMs3u1m5 with the men. I had a .22 calibre rifle, tiarlu aullarmigannuk uqautilluninga ∫4fx5bs6 wr9lt4 s?A5 u5tmbo1j5 but Mike was not allowed to shoot. unnuliqtillugu takkuunguna nanualuk is/s9lb. srs6t9lA xs9˜3Lb tE- When summer came to Clyde uqaqtuni ukpirinngitsugu qiviarama ZixCh4Lb sW3z4noµu, u5tmbo1j- River, the ship Nascopie arrived. I was taannalu nanuq aggiqtuq qanittukulu- xoE9lb. growing up. They asked me to go on uliqtuni qimminik ilanginnik ipiiqtiqtu- xs/7u1m5 sux3Jx6 ur5g6 tr4- the ship to help. We went to Pond ni ullaksilluni. Maliliqtunga qimuksiq- r9li Sxpuy xt6∫6g6. wMsd/s- Inlet to unload and left again. My tunga tumialuuqattarmata tautuktaullu- oE9lb xs9M3uZ5b x∫bZ cspmpb- father became foreman of the un- nilu taanna Arnattiaq maligasukkaluaq- soE9li cshw5gj5. sz∫˚3ix3lbo loading gang. I was surprised to see tugu saniqqunnasuliqtutik sangujunnail- x6fn3Lb ≈4t=?wj9l eJ4ni5 syo4- that we were going to Resolute Bay. ligama qiasunngujualuuliqtunga. Qim- vi3Lb isF3FFi3u[l !(@*a6ƒ6t9lA There were three men with us from mimik naattuqarmat nuqqarmata qim- syo3u9lb. x7m ho yei3j5 tr8N5b Cape Dorset — Putuguq, Ittuluk mikka savikuluk tiguallaktugu piqatiga eJ4ni4 syo4vi3Lb wk1u[l kox- and Pitsiulaaq. That was in 1927 or maliksaqtugu turlulaaqpaktunga utaqqi- ‰1i4 xbA5∫l4 xgx6, µ8N ho 1928, I cannot be sure which. jaujumallunga kappiasuktualuuliqtunga w˚J6 ∫8N xgx6. srx4no6t9lA Our manager at that time had taaqsilirmallu takuksauttiarunniiqtuni, k6v6SA5 vq3Lfl1j5 wf9ox6t9lA six Inuit with him who came from ullaktualuugaluaqtunga kativallialirakku kN ci5gf¬o3LA h4vw5gf¬9lb Labrador. They wanted to become sunauvva nuqqarmat, alianailauqsimavuq. wq3C9lb kN ci4g7mEf¬9li Ns- trappers at a place where no one lived Utilirannuk nanurlu angujunnaillillugu nd/sZu !%i4 wtiz k6vo3Lb qimmillu ajuqsaqtutik nanurmik nuq- w√E9lb ra2WxChoClx3Li xJo3Li qatittijunnangitsuti qimmiiqsiqtunuk mJx6bs9lb wk4tA5 hNs=? so8z8- ilanginnik. Angirraliqtunuk tikigannuk i3Li tio3Lil sux3Jx6 sF6X9o- taakkuali qimaksimajavuk nannungniq- x9li isCwZlx3Li w[l4ni[l s9l6 tutik tusuliqtuguk. ka PLA s8ko6t9lA sFxl4Li. cs- wrd/soE9l b Ukiuqtillugu piqatigiinnaqtugu t9lA ryxi S4bo6S6 c5bs/i4 xs9õEKA5. Arnattiaq ningaugigakku najannik nuli- x4Lˆj5 x∫A5 x5gq6h6bs9li aqarmat. Piqannarillugu ilaannit inutu- sux3Jx3j5 so7m5 S4b9M3Li n?4v8- uliraangannuk qinukkaqpaktuninga aki- i3Lis4 rn3Li. b=? b=N wl9ø- I was growing up. manasuktaalugivaktugu qiasungaliqtunga Nho3Lt4 x7m b=? vWbwz sux3Jx2 They asked me to go on akimaqattaqtaaluga. 7vainnarnik qimmi- xs9MDmo3Li wfmo1j5 xqJj5 d9o- the ship to help. qaliqtunuk. o1j5 N4n6b5t8k5 xs9MoE9lt4. x∫bZ Ukiuqtillugu supuujuunginnaujaliq- tuta patiujanullu ikumaqattaliqtuta. wMs9li ho sz7j5 xzJ6√7mEz9l Ikiqujaulirilluta Nattiqtuqarunnangittiaqtuni nattirasuk- isF6tl ≈π3ix3zbl Wc∫ yx˜zl pakkaluaqtutik mauliqtutik. 7 nungum- wMz5 x∫bZl wk4b©9li. hNs=? aullaalirivugut. mata atausirmik qimmirivalirilluta qim- s6h6g∆xCh4g5 raizi wk1i5 miqaqtuta suli uuktuqalirniaqtuviniq. trbsJx¬Z5b v2WxhMs6Sz x4hxl4 Qallunaat nunamiittuinnauliqtutik umi- N5to1usi4 bf/Es3Lz. trPLt4 arjuavut inuqarunniiqtuni. sc9Mo3mb, ˙3¬fx u†5. bwm8N whm- Tavva upirngaksaliqtillugu tikitau- Ms6ymKz hNs=? v2WxN8q5g5 wk9- and hunt for the Company. Some of valiqtuta Uqsuqtuuliaqtunik niuviriaq- MEx¬Ms6ymJ5 bw5hmi bw4fx. rh- the people got off at Arctic Bay and tutik ilangit nuqqaqtutik quviasuktualu- c8q5g5 ∫4fx xs9˜6ymJ5 — xfi- other places, always unloading lumber. uvaktutik nuqqaqtuqaqtuni Nattiling- x¬3Lt4 yfoZt9lA trbw8N3Lt4, hN- We travelled all summer. One man, miutarmik angummik. Uqsuqtuumut s=? vhCh4gF•5 sz∫il s6h6©2 Ataguttaaluk, and his wife Atuaq sikuiqpat aatauniaqtuni uvattinnut b=?8z5 tr7mb xoxNwMs6ymK6 (she is still living) came aboard. We taikunngautilauqtutigut utirasualiqtuta x4hxl4. yfo6t9lA w[loxz5 W/‰3- stopped at a small island. The season Mittimatalingmut. Sikualungmut ajuli- Li0J4 ej4yc5b3Lt4 syc5b3Lt4 was getting late and the weather was ratta utilirmilluta Uqsuqtuumut. Ukiu- kNj5 wu6b6X4Lt[l wMsc5boCml bad. We were going very slowly mut niqivut mikilualangalirmata qallu- dFxh4Lz ur0pEx6go3mt[l x∫b4- but suddenly we stopped. We were naat niqingit Uqsuqtuumiilirilluta. 1929 f4v xbA5∫l4f4. x3N5tx3l xs9M3uZ8k4 stranded on a sandbar. The water tavvani umiarjuak marruuliqtutik. Tavvani scst9liz s8ko6t9lA b4ƒaN Nk- was only fifteen inches deep. They Uqsuqtuumi ukiijuuk aippanga ullurakku xl4 sc3Li s4WE8qPLA eFxCm tried to take the ship backwards but tiriganialialuungmat niuviaksairutillutik. ∫8Nl Nk6 x[Q6g6 ci5gf¬o3Li it would not go. Ta marmik qallunaat niqinginniglu 13 e7ui4 wMq8i4 w„6t3Li s9M4y9li. While the tide was out we got off nungurutillutik. Taakkuali qallunaavut moo3Lz ej4y3Lz gux¬c5b3mb bs- the boat. The men unloaded the upirngaqtillugu angunasuktualuuliqtutik g4bs9lil ∫8N x3N5tx6 moZh4vl- supplies and lumber. It took nearly all tingmianiglu iqalungniglu sukaigutillu- x3LA ni6f8Nho3Lt4 naJ8Nw9oZm day. In spite of this, the boat tipped tiglu tiingirutillutiglu immuqarunniiq- exh8aJx¬o3Lz. e7uu4 ˆ5gc3m5 over in the evening. Oil drums were tutiglu piuqsualiqtutik tuuvaangiliqtil- k6v3mb e7u4v nFfl4 tAx9M4LA attached to the bottom of the boat lugu umiarjuakulungmit tikitaulluta WctZ mo4n3LA g3L˜6X4Lz sb6r- with ropes. When the tide came in, tujuijumik niqinik, uqsualummiglu umi- /sJm9lz v2Wxh4gx¬o3Lz ∫6yo3m9l the boat started to float. Then began arjuap uqsuksanganiglu qijuksaniglu bf4ns5txD8•3Li, s9M4gx¬Zlx3Lz the job of reloading it. usiliqsuriirutta aullaarumaalirmilluta vt?9oxoC4f hNs=? k6v3m5, xoxN- Next we went to Gjoa Haven on utimut aqqutiqattialiqtuta utiqpugut. wMs6ymK6. stoC8k4 Nk3l xaJ8- King William Island. We were to Tavvaniiliqtuta Uqsuqtuumi qallunaat- Nw9o9lA e7u9l xJ6n3Lt4 Nk3u4 spend the winter there with the trader tinnut ikajuliqtunga. Kuunganut ukiak- k6vt5tJ8NqPLt e7¨6y3Lk4 wM- and his clerk. Our family were the saakkut ikajuliqtunga aujallugu niriqa- q8i4. xq3Co3Lk4 trZ8k4 ∫4fxo only Inuit. My father and the trader taunginnaqtungalu qallunaattinni. travelled a lot that winter. During Sunauvva qallunaat uqausingit nalunaq- one absence, people from Netsilik tualuit, maannali tukiqanngittialiqtunga arrived. I was very frightened when qallunaatut. I saw them for the first time. Their Utiratta Mittimatalingmut nattiriuq- trPLt4 sc9Mo3mb, way of talking reminded me of eider punga mauliamik uuttumiglu upirngatil- ˙3¬fx u†5. ducks just before they learn to fly. lugu 1930utillugu. Mittimatalimmiiliqtuta They were the ‘the people of the place 1931mi titiraqtimik piqatiqaqattaliq- punga mikitsiniaqtunuk qimuksiqattaq- Their way of talking possessing seal’ and the only ones who were still living by the old ways paliqtunga. Upirngarmat uutturasuk- paliqtunga nukannik piqattiqaqtunga reminded me of eider without southern equipment which alianaigusukpalauqpunga qimuksiqattal- ducks just before they we were now almost accustomed isaaqtunga aksualuk. Upirngaksaakkut learn to fly. to using. inungnit aiksiqsunga akkakkunnik qijuk- My father and the trader were salirinialiqtillugit nattirasulauqtuta. away for a long time. The ice was Tikittutik Aullaaliqtuta Mittimatalingmut taakkua about to freeze up when they finally aijaakka marruit qamutiik ingirraliqtuta uqallalirmata, returned. They had attempted to go qanniqtuni nunaup akianut ikaaliqtuta suurluukua mitiit. to every camp to trade and encourage nittailiqtuni anurrakaallaktualuungmat the people to come to Gjoa Haven ingirralluta qimuksiit piggajuvut taimali where the new house had been built. takuksaujunniikautigillutik. Sangugaluar- I always liked to go hunting with niratta qaujinngiksuta aksualuk piqsiq- em4ym/K4 N8k1i3Lt4 gho6gA4. my father. It was from him and tuni kappianaqsipaluktuni qimmiillu srs6t9lA WctŒ8N3LA x3N5tx6 Ataguttaaluk that I learned how to takuksaujunniiqpaktutik. Nuqqaqtuta izsQZ4f N/8i4 koxc3m5. Wc8N- trap fox. Once when I was hunting akkaga uqaqtuni tammaqquulirattaguuq E9lA w˜8i5 wk©oÇz8k4 ek4v6X4- with Angnattiaq, it was growing dark. maniraalukkuuqtutalu piqsiqtualuulluni Liz xrmNh4∫lQ?4LA exhzo3Lz He said to me, ‘Look at that big polar taimaliguuq upagasuktavut paani aggu- xrmc5b6∫lZ. &?w8N3i4 e7uco3Lk4. bear!’ I thought he was trying to fool ngaattinni aggumut ingirrajumaliqtuni srs6t9lA hÍÔq8Ns/o3Lb Xts- me and I did not believe him. But nunataqanngiktunilu uvangali inutuul- /k9l wfmc5bo3Lb. N5t6gcD8Nq5- when I looked to one side there it lunga qamutiingni. Taakkuali qiturn- tx3Li N5tCh4X4vlx3Lt4 mso3Lt4. was and very close. I was going to gariit nuliangalu ingirralaukakpakkalu- &ka7mb xbsy3u4 e7uE?oE9l b shoot at it but the dogs were excited aqtuta qimmivut pisugumajunniiqattar- e7uc3Lb ho ß4gco3ix6gFi6. and I had to control them. Angnattiaq mata ijingit nilauliraangata tautugunni- c9lˆ5 kN¨5gw8Nso3Lt4 sux3JxK5 started to run after the bear. I went iqattaqtut. Nuqqaqtuta piijalauqtugit wkcD8•3Li. after him as soon as I tied up some ingirrasivaksuta. Nunamut tikitainnaratta b=? sW3z4no6t9lA trbs?o3Lb of the dogs. There were so many qimaijumaliqtuni usijattinnik nattirnik s6h6©ox6gi4 isFEx3Lt4 wMq5 tracks that I soon lost Angnattiaq. qimailluta ingirrasigilluta, igluliiviksau- k6v3Lt4 dFxh4gx¬?4Lt4 k6v6gc3- The dogs broke loose and I felt like junniirmalluunniit nunamut uqquijjuu- Li N5to1usb3u4 xa7u4. s6h6©j5 crying because I could not handle migatta uqquutarnaqsingmat tiiliuliqtuta. yfw6X5 ≈bsix3Li s?5t8k5 bwf8- them. It was now very dark and I Nunamik saalialiratta kappiasuluarun- zstMs3LtA5 stChxo3lb u5tmbo1- could not see or hear Angnattiaq. niirama asiuniaqtugijunniirama taanna j5. yfxl1j5 xJoC5b sto3u9lb s6- Finally he found me. He had not akunigilirakku saniqquksugu ingirra- h6©j5. srsj5 ieK5 urlxMzo3mb been able to shoot the bear but I was silluta qimaktugit unnuaq ingirragama 14 c9lˆ5 ieq5 s6h6©öE9lb. !(@( happy to see him. We had lost a few ullaanguliqtillugu tikilauqpunga b=?i sux3Jx4 m3Îo3Lt4. b=?i s6- dogs. When we returned to camp Mittimatalingmut. h6©u s®Ô4 xw2Xz s9lC4f tEZi- we found that some of the other 1930 iglumit qijuksanik usilluta xox¬1m5 isFx4nwDt9lt4. bm3u4 men had killed a bear. I was a bit qamutiit pingasut saniliriiliqtutik niu- c9lˆ5 ieq8i[l kaDt9lt4. ∫4fxo envious that we were not so lucky. viqtikkut igluqutingannit. Angutiit qim- c9lˆK5 sW3z6t9lA xaNh4gx¬o3- In winter I always went hunting miqaqtut 8ngullutik ilangit qimmiqaq- Lt4 t1uxi[l wcl1i[l hvwAt9l- with Angnattiaq. He was my brother- tut unuqtunit 15nik ilangillu ununngini- t[l †qDt9lt[l w7jcD8•6gt[l in-law and my best friend. Some- qsanit qimmiqaqtut. Qijuksaliriliqtutik Ws6hxo3Lt4 ©¿qo6t9lA sux3Jxf- times when we were alone we would iglugijauniarmat pisuinnaqtuta nunak- l1u5 trbs9lb gJwJu4 iei4, s6- wrestle. He was very strong and I kuuqpugut kuukkut ulluq naallugu kisiani hxl7u[l sux3Jx2 s6h4nzi[l eJ4- would try not to show it when he sinilauqtuta iniksanganut ilijavut. Aksa- ni[l syo6h‰D5b xs9˜Dµo3u9lb hurt me. If I cried he would feel bad. lualiqtugu niuviqtit angajuqqaanguniqsaq stj5 x6ftc5txo3Lb st6SA5. b=?- In the spring we often had visitors Jimi atinga titiraqaqtuni tusaajimik. Tavva •o3Lb s6h6©u c9lˆ5t8k5 wvJo3- at the store in Gjoa Haven. Some tikippalliajuq upirngaksaakkut usikaq- Lz. ƒzk5 srx4n4f5 wvJo3Lz xs- of them stayed for a while, camping taqpaktutik qijuksanit qanurlu kiinau- /9lA iEcbsq8N3Lzl c9lˆ5t8i. nearby. They were happy people. One janik naluluaqtillugit inuit. Sunauvva hNs=? c9lˆ5 scsyq5 NlN6gxl- man who stayed was from Netsilik. Mittimatalingmi inuit katijaraangata w5, µ8No grc8q5txo6gz c9lˆg5. After break-up we took him to Arctic qijuksalirijullu pijariiraangata quviatti- stC5b u5tmbo1j5 N5tEs6Sz Bay. On our way back we planned taaluuvaktutik niuviqtinit ikajuqtaaluul- msoxu4 ß5gu[l sW3zt9lA !(#)- to stop at Pond Inlet, but had to luti nirititaaluuvaktutillu ammalu kisu- st9lA. u5tmbo7ö3Lb !(#!u tt- return because of the thick ice. We ruluujarnit tunijauvaktuti pikkaulaaq C6tu4 Wctcc5bo6Sz ur5yix3Lk4 returned to spend the winter at Gjoa palaugaarmiglu 100 paunnik anginiling- ej4yc5b6Xo3Lz. sW3z3m5 ß5gCh4- Haven again. There, white man’s mik sikiumilu angijumik sunakkaniglu kisutuinnarnik tunijauvaktutik ammalu Xo3Lz kv8i4 Wc5tc3Lz xoxNw- food was available. niuviaksanik parlatitauvaktutik niu- Ah4XMs6Sz ej4yc5bon3Lz x4hxl4. In 1929 two boats came to Gjoa viqtikkunnit akiqanngiktugit. Ikpiarjuk sW3z4n4f5 wk1i5 xw4O3Lz x4v4f8i4 Haven. One stayed for the winter. qijuksamit sanallutik atausiq .50sanmit eJ4noEixo6t9lQ5 N5tChMs3Lb. Fox were plentiful that year. All the taimanna akiqaqpalauqtuq niuviqtikkunni, xs9õ3Lb u5tmbo1j5 ∫4fx xw÷4v white people ran out of food; even akiqaqtitaujuq kiinaujangit qanuigiva- m3 Dw5 cj†4 wq3Co3Lb c8i3Li kNs2 sugar, tea and milk. The white people launngitavut inuk atausiq ikpiarjungnik xrxk5 w√o3Lb i5bwo3Li xk3C√9- lived in our camp and went hunting puuqsigami imannanik 20nik $10.00, M4gx¬1m5 wq3C9lb ej4¥5 W[ZJK5 with us. They were glad for the spring pinasuarusiik marruuk sanavalauqtut. bwmo bf4nsJ8•vstQ9lt4. naZl- when the ducks, geese, and other birds Inuit, unulaanguvalauqpunga nukaralu x3iC5b csp8qPLb x4hxl4 W6y3Li came and they could go fishing. v2Wx N6yXl4Li e7¨9l bf4nsJ8•6- Taqaugaq taitsumani puuqtattinnit anga- After the break-up, a small boat juqqaanguvaliqtunga sanajunit ataataga X4Lt4. k6v3Lb x4vZ sc3Li b7m6- came near the shore with supplies. tuqungaliqtillugu. 1953mi angajuqqaari- ƒoC5bÅ6 miÇl4ƒ3Lbl W6y6gx¬9li Food was the first thing taken off jauliqpunga qijuksalirijunut ikpiarjungnik bwmoÅ6 sXZh4bK5 Xi x[AΩ5t8i and then oil and lumber. After we unuqtunik pijumavaliqtutik angutillu x[Aj5 wq3CJmo3Li kNbc8q4Lil loaded our boat we took the sup- qulillu marruuglu sanavaliqtutik. Atausiup x[Aj5 wq3CNho3Li s?zo wk©9- plies into the post. My father left kiinaujanga mikigiluaqpalirakku niuviq- lz cj†1i. ∫4fxo eg3z‰5 ko- with the boat but I stayed with the timut uqaliqpunga kiinaujanga mikigilu- xzl wq3CMsv4X4vlx3Lb e7uK5 white people. I worked with them arniraqtugu ammalu uvanga aksuruluar- WhAmJ8•c5b3mb wpq5 iMsoÇzb and ate with them. I tried hard to ninnik qujannamiiqtauqattarumallunga bsgA8•c5b6g5. k6v3Lb „/Ms3LQ5 learn their language. It was very hard kiinaujamik. Ammalu qijuksaq akitturia- wq3Cy?4Lb. kNj5 trbw8NC5b emw- and I still do not know it. qullugu asuillaak niuviqti angiqpuq anga- Jmo3Li sy/5t8i4 N5t3i4 emw9lb I returned to Pond Inlet in the juqqaangat, ikpiarjuk atausiq .85saraa- wq3CyQ9lb, w[løF4nsJ8•3m9¬8•5 spring of 1930. It was then I killed liqtuni. Suli kinguningagut angigligia- kNj5 s6fw0ÔuZ5b s6ƒb3N6y1m5 my first seal. There were many of qullugu uqarivunga inuuqatikkattauq †oso3Lb. kNu4 noxoC5b v2Wxhlx- them lying out on the ice in the ikajurasuktugit asuillaak ikpiarjuk atausiq D8•Cm xysix6gQJ8•Cm ∫8N xfi- warm sun. I used to be very excited $1.00nguqpuq tavvunga ilakkannijjaa- QoC4f ni6fPLA wq3Cy9lb em4LQ5 when I first started going out alone junniiqpuq uqaqtuni niuviqti. Tavva s8kx6 wq3CZm s9ão6t9lA trM- by dogteam. One spring I went out ilakkannilaurunniiqtuni kiinaujangit s6Sz u5tmbo1j5. from Pond Inlet to get my uncle and naammanniraqtauliqpuq qijussait ikpia- !(#) w[lu5 eJ4ni4 sy9lb some other men to help gather coal juk atausiq $1.00ngurmat. Quvianaq- cj†5 Wzh5 nio‰o3Lt4 isF6t4f5 for the post at Pond Inlet. On our tummarialuulauqsimavuq sanajullu w[ldtz8i5. xa†5 e7uc6g5 *a9- way back we stopped to hunt seal amisuuvaliqtutik angutit imannaullutik 15 lt4 wMq5 e7uc6g5 sk6gi5 !%i4 for food. We were travelling on the 11ngullutik (qulillu atausirlu). wMq9l sk8qi6ni5 e7uc6g5. shore ice when the weather became 1957ngutillugu aujakkut qikiqtamiit- eJ4noEo3Lt4 w[lQ/six3m5 Whw8- stormy. There were times when we tuta Qimivvingmit ukiutillugu qanima- N3Lb kN4ƒ6SA5 ƒ4f5 s9l6 ˆ9lA could not see the dogs in front of us. jualuugama Viivvuariup pigiarningani ryxi yiMs3Lb wi4nzk5 wo/K5. My uncle decided we should stop. Maajjinnguqtillugu pijunniiqtunga x4nlxo3LA isF6t5 xzJ6√ai6n6 We thought we were lost and had saluktualuuliqtunga mattittautinnut nat- pu xtz ttCc3Li gnpu4. b=? moved too far out on the ice. After tiqpaktutik qiturngakka nunalituugatta tr2X9oxJ6 sW3z4n4f5 syv6b6X4Lt4 a while my uncle walked some dis- kaanngiktuta. Qangatasuukkut luuttaanit eJ4ni5 ck3l ®Ns/i4 Nllx6t9- tance to see if he could discover any takunaktuqaqpuq Maajjiutillugu nunatta lQ5 wkw5. hNs=? u5tmbo1u wkw5 landmarks. When he returned he told tamarmik mippaktutik puliisikkut qan- vt/Çzb eJ4noEJ9l W/‰Çzb us we had to go against the wind. gatasuungannut, sivulliqpaamit taimait- dFx5t∫¬?4Lt4 isF6ti5 wvJ6∫- It was very slow. The women and tuqaqpuq. ¬9lt iEt∫¬?4Lt9l x7ml rhD¬- children stayed on the qamutit. It 1958mi iqaluqaqtumiiliqpunga iqalu- /3i5 gi/s?4Lt W4vs˜6 XMsZ3u[l was very difficult and sometimes the gasuktunga kuummit saputiliuqtugu !)) Xs8i4 xqio1u4 yrsul xq- dogs stopped because their eyes were naammaktumik ikaluksunga ukiuqtillugu Ju4 hN4vi[l rhgw8N3i4 gi/s?4Lt4 blinded by the snow and frost. They niqiqaqtuta iqaluinnarnik uqsuqanngik- x7ml isFx4ni4 X3Mtbs?4Lt4 would not move again until it was tuta nattirmik, iqaluup uqsuanut ikumaar- isF6t4f8i5 xrc8q4LQ5. w4Wx3J4 removed. When we finally reached jukpaktuta. Taaqpakkaluaqtuta kaanngi-

w9lusctŒ5 e7¨9l, xaNh8Ntx6t9lA. Family and dogs, at a time of good hunting. Illumiuqatigiit qimmiillu, angunasunnatiaqtillugu. 16 eJ4nu5 nN9lt4 xbsy6 .%)n8u5 land we took the seal catch off to natta igaqaqtuta sanallunga qattaujavi- bwm8N xrc6XMs6g6 isF6t4f8i, lighten our load. The snow was too nirmik. Maujaaluuliqtuni ungasiktumullu xrc6tbsJ6 ®Ns/q5 ckwQ?Ms8- fine and blowing to build a house qimuksirnarunniimmariktuni. Nattirun- qbK5 wk4 xbsy6 w4Wx3J1i4 Í6- with. We made a small shelter and naillilluta qamutivullu ilangit qijugivak- yZu wm8Ni4 @)i4 ¢!).)), WNhx- boiled water for tea. While we rested, tutigu nungukasaktutigut. Upirngaannguq- D¥4 m3Î4 nN?Ms6g5. wkw5, sk˜- the wind died down. We knew we tuni avvupakkaluaqtuta qijuksanik, qal- a?Ms6Sz kvCl bcsZ6 bw5hmi were on the right trail. We travelled luniaqpanngiktutalu sapirnalirmat. Í6b5t8i5 xzJ6√a?o3Lz nNJi5 through the night and reached Pond Anuraarunnanngittiaqtuni Maajjiuliq- x∫bZ gdzo6t9lA. !(%#u xzJ6- Inlet in the morning. tillugu anuraaqtualuungmat maujaqa- √E/so6Sz eJ4noEJk5 w4Wx3J1i4 In the spring of 1930 the ice runniiqtuni aullaaliqtuta nattiqaqtumua- sk6gi4 WJm?o3Lt4 xat9l do9l extended far out and did not melt rasuliqtuta qikiqtakulungmut nunaaqtuta m3Î[l nN?o3Lt4. xbsys2 ®Ns/z all summer. We unloaded lumber ukaliqsiuqtunga tisujualuugama pisugun- urQlx6XoC4f isF6tj5 sco6Sz that arrived for the Hudson’s Bay naillillunga niuga illua surakasangmat ®Ns/z urQlx3iC3LA x7ml s?z Company. We used six dogteams pisungniq ajuliqtunga. Qallipaluktutalu, x4hDlx3i8i4 d/8N¨6bsc5bDm9lz to haul it from the ship to the post. aijaungmigatta Mittimatalingmuaqpugut ®Ns/u4. x7ml eJ4n6 xr5gExd9lA The work was hard and the hours sanajaqtulirilluta qijuksamik Aipirimi xhw9˜4 isF6t xq6S6 xzJ6√z5, long. We would come home late at suli pisuggaqtunga. w4Wx3J4 xbsy6 .*%nÇo3Li. ho night and get up early in the morn- 1959nguliqtillugu aujarmingmat suli raizA5 xq[oQxd9lA scEKz ing. After we had brought the timber iqalugasulirivunga. Nuliaralu nunalitu- w˚ct4v5bs6 wvJCh4LQ5 xhw9˜4 the manager had us pile it ready to uliqtunuk qiturngavuglu. Nukaralu tuk- w4WxJ4 xbsy6 ¢!.))a6S6 b=Kz load again the next spring to be sent tunnasuktunuk irnira angajuksiqpaaq wM4v8i0÷J8•6S6 sc3Li isF6t. to other trading posts. After we fin- piqatigilluniuk Aaggasitiup pigiar- b=? wM4v8iMsD8•3Li ®Ns/q5 ished our work in the spring they ninganit aullaqtutik. Aaggasiti 14mi saputiliulirivunga kuungmi suli tavvani ˆ7 m8i C6bso6S6 eJ{nw5 w4Wx3J4 threw a big party for us. It was a nunamit majulirmingmata iqaluit iqalu- xbsy6 ¢!.))a3m5. dFxN6g7mEx- happy time for everyone. The traders qattalirmitsuta. Atausirmi qingniliqtilluta ¬Ms6ymK6 nNJ9l xu˙?o3Lt4 xat5 were good to the Inuit. They gave us Aaggasiti 23mit aijaulluta puliisikkunnut. wm8Ns9lt4 !!a9lt4 Gdo9l xbsy3lH. food; baking powder, flour, sugar, Umiakkut umiarjuaq Sii Tii Hau tikin- !(%&at9lA xs/4f5 er6b¨PLb tea, and many other things. nialirmat Mittimatalingmut puvalirijau- eu=F1u5 srst9lA cimJx¬Zm Ï=- The Hudson’s Bay Company jaqtuqtuta utaqqijatuulluta. Mikittumik KxEs2 WQx3izi µ0p8a6t9lA employed our people to dig stove iqalukkaluaqtuta qimakkillutigu. Sitim- WJ8•3Lz nl4gx¬o3Lz m5t5bst8k5 coal. They paid us fifty cents for a piri qitinganit utirilluta umiarjuaq aul- N5t6X4Lt4 eg3z4v kNo©Z5b bag. My father was in charge of this larmat. Saputillu suraktauniqtuni qim- √8q4Lb. czb˙4f5 ¬5∫i5 bfN4g- work until he died in 1953. Then c6S6 µ0pst9lA kN5b bm3u4 u2X4- mitinnut majurillutiglu iqaluit aittaangu- I took over his job. My brother, galuaq. Ukiuqtillugu nattirasuinnaqtuta Lt4 Søy4f5 czb˙z8k5, yK9o6Xu5 Takugaq and I always managed to fill kaalaunngikkaluaqtuta tasirmillu mattit- bwmw5gc6S6. more bags than the others. When taqtuta ukiuq naallugu Aipiri tikittugu. !(%*u wclc6gö6Sz wclZh4- a man filled twenty bags he would 1960uliqtillugu asianuaqpugut nukak- Lz ƒ7u5 nStos3LA ˆ7m4gu4 wvl4- receive ten dollars. After some time kalu nunaqqatigiiktuta tiriganialikulung- Lz srs6t9lA iec3Lb wclw8N3i4 fifty cents a bag did not seem like mut. Ukiuqtillugu naalautitaaqtunga s6hc8q4Lb N5t3u4, wc¬2 s6hxk5 enough for all the work that had to umiaqtaaqtungalu aulautiqanngittumik wfµ3J4X4Lb. ∫6X4vLx3Lb √8qN5b be done. The manager agreed to tiriganiaqtunga 103nik. Taitsumani mat- wZc3Lb nN9lz c5bs/Fi3u4. ms÷- give us eighty cents. By the end of tittaqpaktuta ukiungutillugu mauliq- ¬o3Li szy4gj9l ej4y3ND8•7mE4- the season, I managed to convince panngitsuta niqitaqattiaqtutalu. Li. N5tD8Nw9o9lb cjtK9l wMq5 the manager that we should have 1966mi Mittimatalingmi nunataaq- eJQ?4LtA kavn4LtA5. sW3Ω8a3Li more still. He agreed to one dollar punga. Inuit igluksangit sanajaungmata x=KX4vlx3Lb eJ4ni4, c9lix6X8- a bag and that was the limit. I was ilinniarvialungmiglu sanallutik angiju- q4Lbl nW3No3m5. xkÇD8N8q5tx3Li happy about this. There were eleven mik. Igluksattinnut isisaaqsuta unnuaq µ0pso6t9lA xkÇ6gx¬1m5 ms/cD8- men digging and bagging coal. sinittianngilanga iglumik piuksaluarni- •3Li xs9õ3Lb N5tc6gjxCho3Lb In 1957 we lived on an island kumut. Uvannik talurukkutimut isumal- er6bfl1j5 kˆ3Lb svo6ys3Lz during the summer. Then we moved lunga iglu sungiutiniaqtavut atutuinna- thJx¬Zm WhA8Nw9o9lz isZ w9lx to Qimmivik. I became very ill during rattigut kappiasupalukpasaarama sungiu- hCvn1m5 Wh1i6 xJo3Lz. c9oXl4- February, but by March I was feel- tivalliagama taimaittunniittarniqpunga. Lbl, xw/s1uZ5b u5tmbo1jx6SA5 ing much better. I had become very Amma tavva quvvikput aktaqtauvalisaaq- nN/6goE9lb eJ4nu4 xwWEu ho thin but soon regained my strength. tillugu ualuanguvakkaluaqtuni taimai- Wh[Z3Lz. While I was sick my children caught tauvannginatta, nillataaqtauvaktutalu 17 !(%(ao6t9lA xs/3u1m5 ho seals in nets. We were never hungry ualuanguvalaurmitsuni. Maanna sungiu- wclZhoEKz. koxCl kNo©o3Lk4 because we were the only family tinnirmigama qanuittunniirivunga ika- eg3zK[l. kvCl g4g8Nh4Lk4 w3iC living there and we did not have juqtaunivut gavamakkunnit qujanaqtu- xzJ4O6X6 WctQ9lis4 ≈[Zyts2 to share our catch. aluuvuq atuqpalaunngitavut atuqpalir- WQx3izi5 xs9M3Lt4. ≈[Zyt !$u In March 1958, an airplane landed mata. Taimanngat qaujilaurama silar- nStosoEKz ƒ1u ho b=?i kNu5 at our camp. It was the Royal juaq ajjigiiqquujijunniiqpalliavuq suurlu mJ o3u1mb wclw5 wclc5bo3uPLb. Canadian Mounted Police officer. anuringa sanngiktippaliaqquujivuq. xbsy3u e1io6t9lb ≈[Zyt @#u5 He was taking a doctor to all the Ammalu suli tukisinnginnama uumajui- xw/s9lb Søy4f8k5. sux4f5 sux3Jx6 camps. Our camp was located on a gutivalliangmangaat tamanna nunavut ¥†Bxs tr8ixo3m5 u5tmbo1j5 S?oE- river and I had caught enough fish tununiq najuinnarakku. Arraagumik /s/6g3Lb sb6r/©9lb. ur5gu4 wc- to last us for the winter. We had no amisuunngittunik asianiippalaurama l4vlx3Lb em4r9ltA. yt7WE etzi5 seal oil for our lamps so we spent a tavvatuarli qaujimajannit tununirmit stE9lb sux3Jx6 xs9M3m5. nSt9l great deal of time in darkness. We did iqalukiliqpaalliqtuq. Taanna Mittimata- hC4bsi3Li e7ut8k5 mJE9lt[l wc- not mind this as long as we were not lik qaujilaurama iqaluktualuuqattaqtut lw5 xw5∫aZlx6. srs6t9lA N5t- hungry. I had a stove made out of an mattittautinut, aujakkut umiakuluit qil- Chw8N3Lb √Ms8q4vlx3Lb by3u9l old oil drum. The snow was deep, amikuluk tatappalaurmata. Maannali m5t5b3Lb srs6 ˆ9lA xwWE trPLA. that it was impossible to travel. We taimainngiliqtuq. Upirngaakkullu aulas- !(^)so6t9lA xyxkx6SA5 kv4vl were unable to get seal because the aqtuta amisunik iqalunnalauqtuq taimain- kN6vtŒ4Lb tEZixofl1j5. srs6- deep snow had covered their breathing ngiliqturli asiali surranngittuugaluaq. t9lA ˆMst∫3Lz sux6∫3Lzl xs- holes. We used part of our sleigh for Taanna upinnarani taimanngat qallu- Mstc8q5gu4 tEZix3Lz !)#i4. fuel. The deep snow lasted until naaqalirmat nunagijaulirami iqalungit bw5hmi m5t5b6X4Lb srsat9lA March, 1959. It became very windy. pijaujut amisualuungmata arraaguta- mso6X8qPLb iebc5tx3Lbl. Finally we were able to leave to maat. Qimmiqautiksanikpalauqtullu ukiurmut naammaktutik niuviqtillu, !(^û u5tmbo1u kN∫6Sz. find a place where we could get ajuriqtuijikkullu, iksirarjuarlu, puliisillu wkw5 w[l4nq5 nN/s1mb wo8ix3F- seal. We set our tents up on a small qimmiqaqpalisaaqtillugit. xl1u[l nN9lt4 xqJu4. w[l4n5t8k5 island. I was hunting rabbits when Maannali taakkua iqalungmut aturun- wyn3Lb s8kx6 yi5tx8qMz w[lu4 I took a severe cramp in my leg and niiqtuugaluat inuinnait niqiksanigasuk- Ws4nlx3ifj5. s?8i4 blD4ftj5 wh- couldn’t walk. We were just about paliqtut aujakkut ajurnapaluliqtuq mikit- m9lz w[l hqstix6bK5 xggw8- out of everything when some people tunik iqalukpaliqtut mattittautingit ami- NC5tA5 v2WxhXl4XnCm hqst?9oxZm came for us. We returned to Pond suuniqsaaluuqattaqtuugaluat. Immaqaa bwmw5g8•PI3i6Sz. x7m b=? d=F4S5 Inlet in April and got some work Mittimataliup iqalungit amisuuluarun- x4b6bs?on6t9lA sxlxa?4vlx3Li from the post manager. I still had niiqtut, isumatuinnaqpunga asingilli bwmwbs?8qN5b, i9M∫6bs?4Lbl trouble walking. sxlxa?Ms3uPLi. µ8N hqst8i3uZm surrangittut. Taitsumani tamaani tunu- When summer came I went fish- nirmi kaakpalauqtunga tusaumajunga ckw5g8•EKz wvJ6bsiK5 Z?m4- ing again. We were alone in the camp ukiukkut uumajukimut, maannali tuktu- f8i5 d/N6gx¬K6 xg6XMs8qbK5 then because my brother had taken lialuuliqtuq. Taitsumani sivunittinni xg6Xo3mb. bwm8z5 cspMsCm yM3- my oldest son on a caribou hunt. I taimaittuunnirami maanna taimailirmi- Jx6 x0pŒ6ƒpJ8•6X9oxK6 ˙3L xk- went to the river during the first week juq tuktukittualuuvalauqtuq tuktuit Ez n8q4t2Xox6ƒpK6. x7ml ho of August to prepare our fishing tikippallialilaurmata 1961mi tamaani gry8q8Nm ßmJwAt?9ox1mΩ5 bm8N ground. Every year you have to set up arraagumi. Maanna 1971mit nunattinni kNK5 gki6 NJw8NC4f. x3ÇAu4 xu- new stones to divert the fish into a tuktulialuuliqtuq. Tusaqpalauqtunga ˙8q5gi4 xyx•2XMsCm b=?gx3o small trap called saputi. The fish were ittualuuliqtumit Qalluttiamik atiqaqtuni, cspm/8i5 gki3u5 wclro6X9o6g6. all going upstream and I caught a tununiruuq iliqqusirinngitanga tuktu- ∫8N u5tmbo4 cspMsCm wcl4gx- great many and hung them up to dry. qaqpagunniirmat. Taitsumaniguuq tuk- ¬c5b6g5 m5t5bstk5, xs/4f5 sux- Near the end of August a police tulialuulaurmat qangannguqpagguuq flw5 eMufl4 bb2XMs3mb. µ8No boat came for us. They said that the tuktulialuulaarmijuq, inutuqait uqausingit bwmw8qo6g6. sW3Ω4f9l xsMn3Lb Canadian government ship C.D. sallunngittut qaujimaniqsaaluungmata. xuhi4 wcl8NMs6g6 bwmw8qo6- Howe was coming to Pond Inlet Tamanna uppirijara inutuqait uqausingit. g3o xyxo h3C8q5©Zlx6. ∫8N and that they were taking X-rays of Taitsumani niqinik agguttiaqpalauqtut, sW8NCi bwm8z5 c9lˆco3m5 kNQ/- all the people to check for tubercu- inuit angunasugiaqtuqtut tikittaraangata soCu wclq5 W/sJ5 xuhx¬1mb losis. We stopped fishing and left atauttikkut nirivaktuti taakkua nattiun- x3ÇAbµ5. e7ucst4ni4XMs6g9l sr- with the police. It was the middle ngittumik naksaraangata ammalu ukiuk- s3j5 ˆ7m4Lt4 isF6t9l, xJE6gwp4- of September before we got back to kut maulirasuktutik nattiqtaujut agguq- f9l, w4yC3Jx3l, Søy9l e7uc6Xo- the river. The dogs that we had left tauttiaqpaktutik. Nunaqaqtut atausirmi n6t9lQ5. behind had ruined our fishing dam nattiup niqinga uqsualu agguqtauva- 18 µ8No ∫4fx wcl1j5 xgD8•6©Z- trying to feed themselves. We would lauqtut nunguttiaqtugu. Taanna nattiqtuq lx5 wkw8Nw5 ie4niZh4Xo6g5 xs- have only what we had dried and atausiujaraangat nattiraangami ukiukkut /4f5 xJ3NXlo6g6 ur5gi4 wcl4- cached out of their reach. mauliqtuti aglukkut tavva nattiqtuq taanna Xo6g5 m5t5bstq5 xu˙i6n¬c5b6- That was a good winter for upaktaulluni taakkununga mauliqating- ©Zlx5. w7mç u5tmbos2 wclq5 hunting. We hunted seal and set ingni amungmagu niriliqtutik, tingungit xu˙lxD8•6g5, whmgw8N6Sz xyq9o nets through the ice. I caught one piiqtaullutik. Niqingalu, uqsungalu, amiq- h3Cq5g5. bw5hmi bµi gki3u √4- hundred and three foxes and in qaqtutik taimaippalauqput, inaluangillu XMs6gz gnsmJz srs4f5 ßmJrj5, the spring bought a radio and an piiqtaullutik. Taakkunanngat mauliqtunit µ8No g4gox¬o6g6. bw5hmi yKi5- outboard motor. agguqtaullutik quaqsiarijaullutik angir- t8i bwmw5©8iCu µ8N bwmwo3uJ6 In 1966 we moved to Pond Inlet rarutik nulianginnut nirijauqullugit. g4gr5gx¬?Ms6g6 g4gw5 tr2X9o- because the Government built a big Tinguqtuqtuti amiqqaqtutik (imanna tavva xoMs3mb !(^!u bµi x3ÇAu. µ8N school for our children and a num- tingungmik inuk tigusigami tamualluni !(&!u5 kN5t8i g4gox¬o6g6. ber of houses for the people. We asiminut tunillugu) uqsukulungmiglu gn6XMs6gz w5gx¬o6gu5 c9l5t- moved into our house right away. I taquaqtutik tingua nungutaujaraangat xu4 xtc3Li, gkiÎ6 wo6fyE8q- was so excited that I did not sleep niqimik amiqqalirillutik. Tavva taimanna bz g4gc6XA8•3m5. bw5hmiÅ6 g4- well for a few nights. I was worried silami nirivalauqtut. Tiituqpangiktutigli gox¬Ms3m5 cz8a6X[Å6 g4gox¬- that we would not be able to keep it silami. Taitsumani supuujuuqpalaunngit- ˜3 uJ6, wkgcw5 scsyq5 n9l8q5g5 clean, but it did not take long to get tut imaqautiqaqtutik qisingmit sanasima- used to it. It was quite a surprise jumik puuqaqtuni tuktujamik ukiulisaar- when a man first came to take out mik qiqitittailimamut nirilauqtutik mau- our toilet bucket. Later another man likkanniliqpaktutik. Angirrarami nattiq- tuqarmat tavva angutit tavvunngaramik d=F4S5 came with blocks of fresh water ice for drinking. We are grateful to the nirillutik mikikkamik. Taatsuma nulianga qulitsiqtuni qajua auliqtugu nattiup x4b6bs?on6t9lA Government for all they have done aunganik. Taakkua nirijariiramik niqiku- sxlxa?4vlx3Li for us. We have a much better life lungmik angirraujjillutik uqsukulung- than we ever had before. miglu. Tavva qulitsiqtuq uuttijaraangat Ever since I can remember, the It was quite a surprise tavva uinga anilluni tuqtulalirilluni world has been changing. The imanna ‘Uujuuq’, tavvunngaalirillutik when a man first came to weather seems to be getting milder. nunaliit angutingit uujuqturiaqtuqtutik take out our toilet bucket. I often wonder if the animals are amiqqaqtutillu, qajurmiglu amiqqaqtutik. getting scarce in the North. I know Tavva ullaannguqpat uujuqturiaqtur- the fish are more scarce around Quvvikput niarillutik mauliriarniaqtut. Ilaannit niqi Pond Inlet. I remember when the aktaqtauvalisaaqtillugu amigaqtillugu siqquliuqtutik aungmik people used to catch a lot of fish in ualuanguvakkaluaqtuni ilallugu qajua qajuqtuqpaktutik suurlu the summer. They used to fill their suuptuqtut. Tavva upirngaksaarulirami boats in a short time. Now this does imailiqpakillutik nattiaqalirami nattiaq- not happen anymore. No wonder siutuinnaliqtutik atunit tasiguaqtutik the fish are getting scarce. Since the qimmini atausirni. Ilangit marruungnik cspmi6n¬1mb. bm8N s2WE/C wkg- white man came he has never stopped nattiaqsiaraangamik tuqtulaktutik qiniq- cw5 scsyq5. fishing. When the traders, mission- tauliqpaktuni pijaujaraangat kisiani asianit bw5hmi iei4 x[A5tx6XMs6g5, aries, and police were using dogs ulluq unnuannguqtugu uirngaqpaktuu- wkw5 xaNhQx6g6g5 tr5bÇzb they used to get enough fish to last galuat iqqumainnaqtutik angirraqpak- xbs5t4f5 iE?4Lt ∫4fx N5ts8q5- their teams all winter. They only tutik taimaippalauqtut angujaraluakka gu4 N4nÇzb x7ml srs4f5 msoCh4- fish for themselves now. Inuit only nattirasuluaqpaktillugit ukiukkut. Lt4 N5t6bsJ5 x[A6bs5tx6X4Lt4. fished for food but we have started Aujakkut imaippattuviniit tamakkua kNc6g5 xbsy3u N5ts2 iez using nets more now and boats that makkungningit ilangit tuktunnasukpak- s6hxl x[A6bs?Ms6g5 ka5tx3LA. can take farther out. tutik, aujaq nunguttugu Attuupamut. ∫8N N5t6g6 xbsys/Çz5 N5tÇzu At one time there were few animals Taakkuali tariurmiittut qajaqaqtut qilalu- srs4f5 mso3Lt x[l4f5 b=? N5t6g6 at Pond Inlet during the winter. Many garasukpaktutik qilalugaraangamik ∫8N sX4bs9li ∫4fkz msoctq1i people went hungry. Now the caribou nunaliit taakkua atausirmit agguqtaulluni xj1mA iEo3Lt4, taq5 „6bs9lt4. seem to be coming back. They started qilalugaq niqinga maktaangalu piruqtaul- iezl, s6hzl, xu6v3Lt4 bwmw2- coming back in 1961 and now there luni avittiapaktutik. Taanna qilalugaqtuq XMs6S5, wNlxq9l „6bs9lt4. are quite a few. angilaangutuinnaqtuni. Ugjuktuqara- ∫4fN8z5 mso6gi5 x[A6bs9lt4 I used to listen to Qalluttiaq, an angallu qisinga aktunaaksaliarillugu. dx6yxE/s9lt4 xq3CDt4 koxq8k5 old man, talking about the caribou. Taanna ugjuktuq qitinganit aktunaak- 19 iE/sd9lQ5. ta6g3Lt xu6v3Lt4 He said it was unusual that there sanikpaksuni sililaamit taimaippalauqtut Gwm8N b=? ta1u4 wk4 tAyZu bj- were no caribou but that they would niqingattauq agguqtauvaktuni. x9li xyuk5 gi9lAH s6hfl1u[l be back in time. I think the older Taakkuali tuktunnasuktut utiraanga- bdx3Lt4 tax kabs/Çz5 ieu4 people knew a lot about these things. mik angutiit tuktuttangit katitaulluti xu6voE9lt4. b=? bwm8N yMu iE- Qalluttiaq was certainly right. annuraaksamingnik niruaqpalauqtut. ?Ms6g5. †g6Xq4Lt[o yMu. bw5- In earlier days when the Inuit went Miqquttiariktunik ilangit miqqungillu hmi hÍÔ6XMs8q5g5 wmcstc3Lt4 hunting, they would share the kill ajjigiingnik marruungnik qulittaksa- ey1u5 nNymJu4 Íc3Li g4g/u4 with all their neighbours. If they minik turruningit ajjigiiktutik amauti- srson3u4 eet5bwomj5 iEMs3Lt4 were out hunting seal and a man miiliqtutik. Ukiukkut maulirasuktut mso4v8io6X4Lt4. xq3CCu N5t6g- shot one, he would go to his com- nunaqaqtutik taitsumani ikajuqatigiittiaq- c3m5 b=? xat5 b=K8zCu4 iE9lt4 panion and get him to help clean it. tualuulauqtut akiliivanngitsutik niqinik ur4vu4. ∫5hm koxz do5y3Li Then they would share the liver, meat angutiit arvaktuviniit. Innarmik anga- cJx xso3LA N5ts2 xszi4. ∫4fx and fat. When they had enough they juqqaaqaqpaktut taimailauqtuviniit. iE/ˇ‰Cu4 iefl1u4 xq3Cs0p9lt4 would freeze the rest and take it Ammaluttauq tavvaakimik agguqpalauq- s6hfl1u[l. b=? do5y6g6 ß5t/- home to their families. When they tut imanna tavva tavvaakiqarunniiraan- Çz5 b=? swz xi9li g3LMoE9l i got home they would invite the other gata inuit ilangit immaqaa tavvaaki saat- wm8N ‘ßÔ6’, b=K8ΩoE9lt4 kNø5 families and the men would eat raw tuutikuluullugu inungnut agguqtugu xatq5 ßJ6gEx6g3Lt4 xu6v3L- meat. The women would take some amisunnguqtugu atausikuluk supuuq- t9l, cJ3u[l xu6v3Lt4. b=? s9˜8- of the meat and cook it along with turluk ilulliqtugu pulaaqtunit amiqqa- a6X5 ßJ6gEx6g3ixE9lt4 msoE- some seal blood. Everyone shared in paktutik. Taanna supuuqtuq atausiq amiq- x3ix6g5. w˜8i5 ie xuZ6t9lA this meal. Anything that was left over qarutaulluni taimaippalauqtut. Angu- y6fos3Lt4 xs1u4 wM9lA cJx would be eaten for breakfast by the laurakkit takuvalauqtunga pittiatummar- cJ6g6X4Lt4 ˙3l ˙2g6g5. b=? hunters before they went out again. ialuunniiqput taitsumani. Agguttiaqpak- tuviniit inuuqatigiit sunatuinnarnik. sW3z4nDoCu wmwo6Xr9lt4 N5txc- Except in the winter, people always Upirngaanguliraangat qulangiqsivaktutik oCu N5tx6ysgw8No3Lt4 xgi5 byA- ate outside. Before they had primus (imanna aglu aputiqarunniiraangat qul- x3Lt4 e7ui xbsy3i. wMq5 m3Î1i4 stoves it took quite a while to make liqarunniiqtutik) nattiqtualuuvaktutik N5tx6yxÇzu4 g3LMPLt4 ei6bs- tea. They carried water in caribou skin qisingmut ungilaktugu. o6X4Li W/s/Çz5 ryxi xyxi5 bags. This left the water lukewarm. Taitsumani inuit pikkaaluunniqpulli s9l6 s8kx8a3LA sw3z6X4©Zlx5 When fresh meat was running low maannali taimaigunniiquurmata ilangil- w6fmw8N3Lt4 xq3C6X4Lt4 bwmw2- they would melt ice and mix it with luunniit tuktunit anngutijunnaqtuviniit XMs6g5 xa/Clx4v N5tChlx6X4- seal blood. This was a very good ullaktutik qimaajunik sanngivaktutiglu. t9lQ5 srs4f5. soup and good for little children. Maanna taikkutituna ajuqquuliqpulli xs/4f5 wmw2X5gF•5 bm4fx m4f1- In the spring we would take our iq5 wMq5 g4g8Nh4X4Lt4, xs/6 kanngusukpaktuviniit pijunnarningit dogs and hunt for baby seals that sanngijullu uqilajullu kanngusuluaq- ka PLA x5©Xj5. ∫4fxo bEs3¨5g5 would be laying on the ice in the pangniqpullu tuqutitaujumanatik angak- c/c6g5 eMlZCh4X4Lt4 eMlZÇzu4 warm sun. Sometimes we went for kunut. Maannali taimainngiliqtuugaluat kNø5 ∫4fx xbsy3u5 x[A6bs9li days without sleep while looking for angakkuqarunniirmat. Ajurniqsauliqtut eMlZ6 iez m4∫zl WD6bs9li them. In the summer the young men sanngijualuqaqpagunniiqtunilu uqilajua- xF5txX4Lt4. ∫8N eMlZ6g6 xq˜- went out with qajaq to hunt caribou luktaqaqpangitsunilu taikkutitut sivuliti- agw8N3Li. s[J4gcÇz9l eyz x4L- when they were crossing streams. tut, sanngivaktuugaluat ilangit kanngu- ˆ4noxE9lA. ∫8N s[J4g6 etzi5 The Inuit on the coast used their sunnginniqsaulluti nannugasukpaktutiglu x4Lˆ4ni4X4Li yo˜u5 bwmw2XM- qajat to hunt whale. When a whale upirngaksaakkut, ittuuningit paillutik s6g5 iez5bs6 x[A6bs?4Li. was caught it was shared with all the qimuksiruluujaqpaktuviniit tamaani ∫4fxo g4g8Nh4g5 stÇzu4 xa- people in the camp. The lucky hunter nunattinni. Ilaanni quviananngittua- †5 g4g5bq5 vtbsPLt x8kÇ4nu1i4 got the biggest portion. Besides the luuvaktuviniit. iDx6XMs6g5. u6f5txE4gi4 wMq5 white whale and the narwhal, some- Unikkaaqpunga ilangillu qaujimajakka u6fq9l x0pŒ1i4 m3Î1i4 do5b4- times we were fortunate and got ilangit tusaumatuinnaqtakka taakkua nui4 g3Diq5 x0pŒ4Lt4 xmstö3- square flipper seals. The skin of this kisiani ukpirijakka unikkaaqpakka, uppi- Lt4. srs4f5 msoCh4g5 kNc3Lt4 seal is very good for making lines and rinngitakka unikkaaruma saglutuinnara- bw5hmi wvJctŒ5tx6gx¬Ms6g5 ropes. The man who shot the seal jaqpunga. Ilangit tammaqsimaqquuqtu- xrø?8qPLt4 iei4 xa†5 x3?4g- always got the middle part of the skin. ugaluat taututtiaqpagunniiqtunga F•5. w8N3u4 xzJ6√c6X4g5 bwm- This means a longer rope. The meat taimainnarmat igluanik ijittiarinngin- wMs6gF•5. x7ml5bs6 b=¿ru4 was shared among the hunters. nama iggamut tavva takuttiapaktunga x[A6XMs6g5 wm8N b=? b=¿rcD8- When the caribou hunters re- iggaangittunga taututtianngittualuulirama. •Çzb wkw5 wMq5 w7mç b=¿r turned, they would gather the hides Maanna nuqqatuinnaqpalirama uuma- 20 juqsiuqpagunniiqtungalu ilaannikkut aakkauguluaq nattiraksukpaktungalu. Ukiukkut aglukkut kisiani ilaannillu qukiriarasugiaksaq taututtianngiluaq- pakkama. Irniqarama pinasunngiluaqqu- uqpunga niqiksaqsiuqtiqarama ammalu titiraarjugunnarama qujaliqattaqpunga angilaangujumik uppirviqaratta Jiisusi- mik piulijittinnik. Tamanna ukpirijavut tamaani nunattinni tuksiarnivut miksi- qaqtuungmat ukpiqtitaunnirmata qujanaqtummariuvuq. Ajuriqsuijikkut qujanaqtummariujut ajuriqtuijiqainna- rumagaluaqpunga ilaak inungnit ilisa- juqaliqtuq kinguliksavut ukpitiarlutik Guutimut ikajurmaatigut qaujimat- tialiqpugut. Ilangit tusaruminaqtut taakkua titiqqat unikkaaqtakka tavva ataatama unikkaaqpalauqtanga. Unikkaarniaqpara puigunngitara. Taitsumaniguuq surusiul- n5©tf¬9lA wk1k5 x[A3LA xuh8a3LA and choose the ones they wanted for lunuk ukiukkut maulirasuktutik sikumiik- xbsyfl4 hÍ6g3l4 wl9o3LA S˜6gi5 clothing. Two hides were needed tutik nattirasuktut anuraaqtualuutillugu- xu6vX4Lt4. ∫8N hÍ6g6 xbsy6 for a man’s parka. The meat was guuq sikuiqtualuungmat saavujjaullutik xu6vDbs9li bwmw2XMs6g5. xaM- distributed around the camp. One of unupaluktutiguuq piqalujarmugguuq sC4r5 bf?Ms6gz W5txg7mEx¬8- the older men was usually in charge. qavviqtutik siku suralirmat, taannaguuq •6S5 bw5hmi. x[A5tx6X4gF•5 w˚- When a man had tobacco he would piqalujaq aputilialuummat iglutaaqtuq- ctŒ5 hNgw8N3i4. sW3ΩaoÇz5 share it with his companions. This tutigguuq nunagilirniqpat, imainnaaluu- dMq6y?4Lt4 Gwm8N x[l xStcD8•- was the old kind of chewing tobacco. liqtuniguuq. Atausiguuq angakkuqtaqar- Çz5 d9ocD8•3Lt4H N5t6gx¬?4Lt4 He would cut a plug of it into small niqtuni tavvaniingujalirniqput. Taanna- ey1j5 sqM4LA. pieces, press them into a pipe and guuq piqalujaq marluuliqtuni (imanna bw5hmi wkw5 W4√¬8i6S9o µ8No when it was lit, pass it around to each piujunniiqtuni ippaliqtuni suurlu) saka- bwmwA8•∂3mb wMq9¬8•5 g4gi5 man in turn for a few puffs. juruuq taanna uqaqtuni, piqalujaugguuq x8atJ8N6gF•5 s9M4Lt4 eµJi4 In the spring when seals were inua ijurusulirmat taannaguuq piqalujaq n8q?4Lt[l. µ8N bw4ftgN xJ6ƒo6- plentiful, the skins were fashioned surrakuuqattaliqpat taatsumaguuq angak- S9o v8ah4X4gF•5 WJ8N3iq5 n8q- into containers for storing lamp oil. kuup iniqtiqsimaniqaqtuniuk inuigguuq J9l seMJ9l v8ahlx6X1i6S9l This was done by making holes kappiasuktualuuqattalirmata suuqaim- gdtbsJmNt4 xz4fk5. µ8No bwm- around the outside edge of the skin. mat suraktualuuliqpat inuujjaannginnami w8qo6©Zlx5 xz4fcD8•3m5. xJ3i6- Then a line was threaded through namunngarviksaqanngittut sikuttainnak- nso6g5 n8qJxlc6XA8•3Lil seM- the holes to draw the skin together to kugguuq aullarasuliqtutik qimaktugulu Jxl4bc6XqPLil bw4ftg5 yKo- make a pouch. In those days, Inuit suli qanittukuluullutik suraktualuulirmat, tg5, n8q?4©Zlx5 wMq5 v8ah8- made most of their own utensils and taakkuaguuq aullaqtillugit. Taannaguuq q8i6ns9lt N8kZh4X4Lt[l sW3z4n- tools. Today this is not so. Most of angakkuq kappiasuktualuulaunngittuq 4f5, w5©iq5 Xw9lt4 ej4yD¬/6X4- them are bought. sikumuaramiguuq tuvarmut aksualuguuq gF•5 bµi kN5t8i. w˜8i dFx- The Inuit men were much stronger quviasuliqtutik maniqqamiguuq aksakaa- N8 q5gx¬?4gF•5. and swifter in the past. It was not kataktualuuliqtut nunamualaalirami si4√6Sz wMq9l cspm/4v uncommon for a man to outrun a quviaktutik taanna nunngugivaa unikkaap. wMq5 gnsmgw8N6b4v ∫4fx ryxi caribou. Men were careful about Amma suliguuq arraaguuk marruuliq- s4WE/4v si4√6X4v, s2WE8qb4v displaying their strength because it tillugik anginiqsauliqtuni Kangiqtuuguuq si4√Dm n[lgw8NC/6Sz. wMq5 sometimes displeased the shamans. qinnguaniittutik angutingit tuktunnasuktutik upirngaakkut. Taannaguuq arnaq uiqanngittuq innauliqtuq imaaqtilirmag- guuq aullarnialiqtutik kangiqtuup paanga- srs6b6gu5 wk4 xgw8Ns/Exc6f6 Nox4 yM b=?st9lA. nut qulangiqsijumalirmata angutiit. One has to be prepared for all seasons in the north. Taannaguuq tumiit timittianganut miq- Ukiuqtaqtumit inuk atuinnaujariaqaqquq naliak sila tavvautillugu. suriaqtuqsimajuq talisimalluni parnalir- 21 b7m6ym6ƒ6©Zlx5 bsg5tx6XA8•3Lz mataguuq atilirniqpuq. Taanna arnaq bwmw8N3m5 w[lxi4 wp5txE8q8Nm aullaliqtutigguuq uqaqtuniguuq, ulluni- w[Zj5 b=? bf5txX4gz w[ZqPLz guuq puigurniraqtuniuk sunauvvaguuq bsg5tx8q5gx¬oCm. µ8N k6vgw8- saglulluni. Taimaguuq aigiaqtuniuk qai- N6XoCm ßmJ6ys6XA8•3Lzl w˜8- junniilirmagguuq paqsaqtaulluni nanijau- i4f5 ≈4vsAlx6 N5tC4h4X4Lzl. sr- naniguuq tumingigguuq takujaungmata s4f5 x[l4f5 ryxi w˜8i9l drExC- nunainnarmugguuq ullaktuvinaaluk akut- hQx4n6 bsg5tx8qlx6X4vm. w3icCm tujualuullutiguuq tumingit. Tavvaguuq WNh8qlx6ƒ6Sz ie4n6ys6tcCm sapiliqtaugami qiniqtaujunniiqtuni. Taimali x7ml ttÇ3JA8NCm d/oc5b6Sz qimainnaqtaunniqtuni sunauvvaguuq xqãJu4 s2W3FcC5b πhyu4 Wso- tununirmut, Mittimataliup ilanganut p5t8i4. bm8N s4WE/K5 bµi kN5- qanigijaanut pisugiaqtuq kangiqtuapiup t8i g4yx3iK5 u4yc6©1m5 s4W6tb- ungataanit qilamikuluguuq tikittuviniq s8i3mb d/N6g7mEsK6. xJE6hwp4f5 tamaunga. Pisuktugu sapirnaqtualuk. d/N6g7mEsJ5 xJE6gwpcw8NDmZl- Tainna atiqaqtuq imanna Atuaruluk. x6Sz w˜4 wk1i5 wonJco6g6 1933miuqquuqtuq nuliaqtaaqpunga. rao4nK5 s4Wtx3lt4 Åtj5 wvJ3- Ukiurmat Mittimatalingmit sanianut µtA5 cspm5txo6SA5. nunataaqtuta ataatakkukkalu tiriganiara- wMq5 gnDuN6g5 ∫4fx tt6v5 suktunga marruungnik siniktaqpaktunga si4√6b4v b=? x∫bm si4√6XMs6- quviasugvik aniguqsimaliqtillugu Viiv- bz. si4√3ix6XC SwA8qbC. bw5- vuarimi nunagijatta asianut aullarivugut. hmiÅ6 hDys9lk4 srs4f5 msoCh4Lt4 Niqiksaqarunniiratta nattirnaqtumut aingmigatta qimiqqutiksaqalirmigatta yf¨PLt4 N5tCh4g5 xkÇ6gx¬t9lAÅ6 d3l6gus6 wkgc6 xa5 S©EK6 mikigiakka upagasualirillugit tiriganiali- yfw6gx¬1m5 nK0/s9lt4 skXl4LtÅ6 nsi3u5, ∫8N wo6fys0Jygw8N- kuluungmat pinasuarusiq naallugu aulla- Wcl/3j[Å6 c=F3Lt4 yf hCo3m5, ∫8N- s?JJ6. Å6 Wcl/6 xStox¬7m5 w[l∫6g3L- qsimavaktunga. Qimmiqartunga 14nik. An elderly man of Kugluktuk Upirngaksaanguliqtillugu ataataga pulii- t[Å6 kNQo3i6X5, wmw8ˆ¬o3LiÅ6. (Coppermine) descent drills a hole on xbsyÅ6 xz4f6bc3i3Li b=?•a/- sikkunni qimuksiqataulluni aullaqsimatil- a bone, a regular routine back then. lunga aullaniqtuni Kangiqtugaapingmut. o3i6S5. ∫8NÅ6 Wcl/6 m3¬o3Li Qurluqtumiuq inutuqaq angut 1934mit tununirusirmut qallunaaqan- Gwm8N WsJ8•3Li w2Xo3Li ˙3LH nvJ- putuurivuq saunirmit, taanna ngittumut aullalirivugut. Aujanngurmat Î6 ∫8N sc3Li, Wcl/s[Å6 wkx iliqqusiujjusituinnauvajujuq. wJDho3m5 ∫8NÅ6 Wcl/6 h3Cƒc5b- tuktusiuqatauvunga taqqiik marruuk o6X5 ∫5hmÅ6 xz4ƒ2 wi6t6ymic3- Aagassiti Sitimpirilu annuraaksanigasuk- Lis4 wkw[Å6 v2Wxh4gx¬c5bo3mb tuta. Ataatakkukka tariurmiittutik natti- rasuktutik nattiggaqpangniqtutik anuri- ˙cw7m5 hC4gx¬o6X5 w˚0÷8q8Nu It was said that the shaman would get mullu nattikittunilu sikuliqtillugu niqi- Nj8z3F4nc8q5g5 yf5bw8N4f[Å6 jealous and could cause the death of qattiaqpagunniiqtuta. Ukiuqtillugu xs9MCho3Lt4 em4LAl ho ci5gf¬9- a man. Now there are no shamans aullaqpallialirilluta niqiqattianngialuktuta lt4 hC4gx¬o3m5, ∫4fxÅ6 xs9M6t9- and the men are not as strong as upirngaalisaanit qingniluaqtuta igunain- lQ5. ∫8NÅ6 xz4f6 v2Wxh4gx¬M- they used to be. naullutik. Mauliqpakkaluaqtuta nattirun- s8q5g6 yfjxCuÅ6 g?3j5 x4hxlÅ6 Springtime was the best time nattianngimmariktuta kaammarinngik- dFxho3Lt4 mi6vuÅ6 x4n√vb4gx¬- for polar bear hunting. The older kaluaqtuta, igunainnarnik niqiqaliratta o6g5 kNjxõCu dFx4Lt4 ∫8N men felt sad at this time of the year nungulirmingmata aullalirilluta Ivalaak- k8aQ¿ si4√2. because they could remember when kunuaqtuta. Inungillu unupaluktutik x7m hoÅ6 x3ÇÅ4 m3Îo6t9lQ4 they were young and strong enough niqiqaqtutuullunilu tavvunga katikkatta xqi6nso3Li vq6©Å6 e8ax•P- to join in the most exciting hunting niqiqanngittutigut tavvanngat niqitaaq- Lt4 xatq5 g4g8Nh4Lt4 sW3Ω4f5. there was to be had. titaulluta. Nattiq atausiq illuungnut ∫8NÅ6 x3N6 swc8q5g6 w8Nso6g6 The story I have told involves me marruungnuk niqitaanguvaktuni nattira- wµ6to3m[Å6 xs9M3ixo3Lt4 vq3Ò2 personally in part and the other stories suktualuugaluaqtuta nattiqtuqarunnat- Xzk5 dMq6yJmo3mb xa†5. ∫8N- were told to me. My eyesight is very tiarani. Aijaugatta ataatakkukka usijaul- Å6 g¨5 tu5txzk5 u6hEx6g6ymJ6 poor now and I have probably made lutik qimuksiqtunga nattirmik atausirmit boym9li X3No3mbÅ6 xto3i6S6. many mistakes with my pencil. How- niqitaaqtitaulluta qimmiirillutalu. Tang- ∫8N x3N6 xs9Mo3Lt[Å6 sc3LiÅ6, ever, I hope you have been able to maaratta qimmikka tuquvalliallutik. s9liÅ6 SwA3iC3Lis4 hNs=?Å6 follow my story without too much Ulluq qimaktaungmigannuk nuliaralu n[l9li. bwmÅ6 xwQx3Lis4 cwJ8- difficulty. Now that I am older, I tangmaaqtunuk. Qautillugu anuraaqtu- •o3m[Å6 X6n6bs9li Ni/sNiÅ6 only occasionally hunt seal through aluulirmat ulliillunuk nuqqangallunuk 22 guq[Å6 bf/s1mb kNw8N3j[Å6 the ice. My son is the one who niqiqarunniiqtunuk anuraaqtualuulluni. s9M4gFˆl4 xf5gJx¬9ltÅ6 guq5. provides me with fresh meat. Iqqummarannuk nirigillunu aullalirivu- b=?Å6 nWo6bsZu ei6bsJ8•3Li. I would like to speak on another guk. Pingasukulunni qimmiqaliqtunga bwmo emw8N6bs8i3Li hNs=?Å6 subject now. Before the missionaries uniaqtungalu tammarmigannuk ilulii- gki3j5, u5tmbos2 wMzk5 ciQ÷k5 came, we prayed to the spirits. Now jariirama igallunga illuup iluani imiqtu- WhQx6g6 vq6gxWs2 sz∫i5 eM- they have converted us to Christianity. nuk nirinngitiaqtunuk. Iqqumarmigannuk uflÅ6 tr5gFi6 bmsz. Wh4LA We are very thankful to the mis- igagillunga uunaqtumik imirillunuk. nW3N6gxl4. bw8N xtc6g6 wm8N sionaries who taught us to believe Ullunngurmingmat aullalirmigannuk xgxDl4. in God. I know that the Inuit are and uniaqtunga pingasunik qimmiqaqtunga !(##us6ƒ6g6 kox6∫6Sz. will in future generations be good nirilauqsimanatik. Taima tangmaarmi- srs3m5 u5tmbo1u5 nixk5 kN∫3Lb Christians because we believe that gannuk igagillunga imiqpaktunuk uunaq- x∫b4f4vl tEZixCh4Lz m3Î1i4 God can and has helped us in a tumik taqqiutillugu Tisimpiri quviasug- yi4b6X4Lz dFxh[F4 xiA6ymo6- great many ways. viup taqqingani ullukiluaqtillugu. Ullukkut t9lA Ï=KxEu kNQ/5b xyxk5 Here are a few short stories that taaqtillugu ingirralirmigannuk qimaiju- xs9MEKA5. ie4ncD8•C5b N5t3N6gj5 you will find interesting. When my maliqtunga qamutittinnik isumaliqtunga xw1uZ5b eu6ft4nco3uZ5b urQx4v nangmagumallunga qipittinnik tikisaali- sXZhxoE9lQ5 tEZixof¬1m5 WNh- junnariaksattinnit inungnut. Tusasaarama xDy6 ˆ9lA xs9M6ym?4Lz. e7uc3- qimmiuvaluktumik qimmikkalu qiviaqtu- Lz !$i4. sW3z4nao6t9lA x∫bZ xbsyÅ6 tik nuqqaqtunga naalaliqtunuk, suqquit- Søy4f8i ej4ycbs9li xs9M6ymt9- tiaqtugu ataatama nipinga sukasaqpaluktuq lz xs9Mi3Li vq6gZW1j5. xz4f6bc3i3Li qimuksiqtuni taaqtillugu suli ullaakkut !(#$u5 gkiDy3j5 c9lˆc8q5gj5 tuqtulaaliqtunga tusaqtinnasuktugu. Unga- xs9MoEKA5. xs/8a3m5 g4gyscb- There was an invisible sigvalattingmat asuillaak qaivalattiliqtuni, tavvali qiuliqtunuglu nuliaralu kaaktua- sKz b6®4 m3Î4 ≈Z{yt yt7WEl monster living in this x8kÇ4niZh4Lb. x∫b4f4v bEs3¨PLt4 luuliqtunuglu suuqaimma ulluni pinga- N5tCh4Lt4 N5t[Z6X1i3Lt4 xkEj9l iceberg suni nirinngittuguk. Imiqpakkannuk tav- N5trPLil yfo6t9lA iec5tx6XA8- vatuaq igallunga qamutima napunginnik •3Lb. srs6t9lA xs9M6X9oxoE9l b Atausiguuq qijuqaqtunga aksualuk alianaigusulauq- ie c5tx8qxl4Lb sW3Ωoni5 e1i- angakkuqtaqarniqtuni simavunga, qiakasakpasaaqtunga tusaran- lx3Lb wANw8Ns9lt4. mso6X4vl- nuk qimuksiuvaluktumik, quvianalauqsi- x3Lb N5tD8N5tx8q7mE4Lb √7mE8q4- mavuq aksualuk. Tainna ukiuq ajjiqaq- vlx3Lb, wANw8N3i4 iecoC5b ka- panngilaq uvannut mikittukulungmik nirillunuk aqiattulauqsimavuguk, pinga- o3u1mb xs9MoE9lb w?˜4fkx3Lb. father was a small boy, he often went wkq9l skXl4Lt4 iec6g©9lil sut ulluit nirinngittutiguk kaalaunngit- seal hunting with the men. On one tuguk imirutuinnaqpaktunuk. Qimmivut b=Kz vt4v5b iec8q5gtA5 b=- of these trips the wind came up strong. nungukasaktutik pingasukulungnit qim- ?8z5 ie∫6tbs9lb. N5t6 xbsy6 This caused the ice to break up and miqaliqtunga. Inunnuaratta niqilialung- w9¬1k5 m3Î1k4 ie∫a?4Li N5tCh4- they drifted out into open water. nut qimmiqtaaqtitaullungalu nattiqpaliq- gx¬Zlx3Lb N5t6gcD8N5txCi. xw- When they were close enough to tutalu ajurnaqquujijunniirillutik nattiit. /sZ5b x∫b4f4v sy/s9lt4 ej4y3Lz an iceberg they were able to climb Siqiniqaliqtillugu niuviqti paliisilu tikit- N5t3u4 xbsy3u5 ie∫6tbs9lb e7- up on to it. There was a lot of snow tutik Mittimatalingmiingaaqtut. Uvagulli Ë9lbl. b1µC5b e7u4v gd?9ox9- on the iceberg and were able to build Aaktikvaimiilauqtuta Maajjinngurmat lt4. s9l6 em4bs1uZ8k4 koxCl a shelter. It was very wet but it was qimuksiqtuta aullaalirivugut Mittimata- b1µ3Lk4. cst9lA xkÇ6gx¬o3m5 a shelter. There was an invisible liliaqtuta ammalu tamarmik inuit nuna- s9ø9lk4 k6vz9lk4 iecD8•3Lk4 monster living in this iceberg and liit Aaktikvaimiut, qimmiqalirillunga. xkÇ6gx¬9li. w6f7mC8k4 iEQ9lk when the iceberg looked as though 1935mit Mittimatalingmiilauqtuta xs9MoEKA4. Wzhfl8i e7uco3Lz it would break up, Saqqajuq, one of utilirivugut Aaktikvaimut tununirusir- six3Lzl b7m3uZ8k4 wlø/‰Cm the men, said that the monster would mut amisuullutik qimuksit suuqaimma wZ9lz w9¬2 wlxi wu3Lk4 iE8q- not let this happen because it would qallunaaqanngittuq. Aujarmingmat tx3Lk4. w6fm3uZ8k4 wZQ9lz ßN6gu4 drown as well. Finally, the sea ice froze suli tuktusiulirivugut taqqiik marruka- wuE9l k4. s9l8a3u1m5 xs9Mo3uZ8k4 into a solid mass again. When they saak aippanga nappaulluni tuktukit- six3Lz Wzhi4 e7uc3Lz iEM- left the iceberg it began to break up. tualuullunilu. s6ymNt4. bwm b1µ3uZ8k4 wZQ9lz This is another story. Two years Ukiurmingmat aullaalirilluta sikumit wu6X4Lk4 ßN6gu4 b6rst9lA ty7- later when my father was bigger and nunaqaliqtuta maulirasuktuta ilaannit WE dFxh=Fs2 b6rzi s9lrlx6- living on an island and there was ullaakkut nirinngittuta aullaqpaktuta. t9lA. s9l4f5 ∫6t9lA wq3Co3uZ8k4 plenty of food, he went to the main- Kisiani nattiqtuqaraangat niritainnaq- 23 emwJmo3Lz cjt5t8i4 whmo3Lz land to hunt caribou with a man and paktuta amisupaluullutik inuit atausir- N1mAm9lz eW5t8i4 trnoJ8NEx4- his wife and an old unmarried lady. miittuta anuraaqtualuutillugu qanniin- n5t8i5 wk1k5. gnnCm e7us?l4gu4 When they were ready to leave and naaluktunilu, maujaliqtualuungmat apu- e7u4vl eFx3Lt4 k6v3Lz ˆMo3Lk4, return home to the island, the old tialuuliqtunilu siku imaruujjaaluuqattali- h6fw5tx3LA x∫bm iWz hvn6X- lady who had been doing some sewing ratta siku masaktualuungmat asianut l4g6 ej4y3Li ∫6t9lA ho s9˜4f5 told them she had forgotten her ulu iglutaaqpakkaluaqtuta aputikittukkut, g3Lõ3Lz gn6t8Nh4LA. szy=?M5- (woman’s knife). She ran back for it. masaktualuuliraangat asianuuqpaktuta t1m5 xhw9˜4 cw?M5to3Li, b=?o When she did not return to the boat, ammali tavva aullaalirilluta nunaliktigut eso3Lk[l koxCl √4gx¬o3Lk[l one of the men went to look for her. ullukittukuluullunilu quviasugviup taq- ˙cw7m s9li Wzhi iE8q5gA4. He saw tracks that showed she was qingani qimmivullu saluktutik pirliqtu- wu6X4v8k4 b=?gx6 wZ9lz cjtm qalaunngittuni qimmimik nattirnaqtu- NSq8i4 eJc3Lz x4hxl4 xoxNw- mut tikittarivugut. Uvagut sinaangata AhMs6ymKz, exvn4Xn3Lz gnC8k4 qanigijaanuuqtuta. 1956nguliqtillugu ej4ys?l4gu4, dFxNMs6ymK6 x4h- tamanna makkuluaqtungalu tirigania- xl4. bw8N srs6 x0pc6X8qM6 qattaliqtungalu nattiqpaktutalu quvia- s?8k5 ur5gfl1u4 iE9l k4 xex5g- ie 4ncD8•C5b sulirilluta siqiniqalirmat alianailiqtuni. Ms6ymKA4, Wzh5 s9lw5 iE8qPL- 1950nguqtillugu arraagu imaittuu- tA4 √Ms8q5gA4 wuDgw8N6X4Lk4. lauqsimavugut aujakkut umiaqtuqtuta e7uK5 kavn4Lt4 Wzhfl1i5 e7u- pingasuulluta uvanga umiannut angiju- co3Lz. wk8kxC5b ieoxl1k5 e7- We had no mut tingirrautalingmut aulautiqanngit- u6∫6tbs9lzl N5t6Xo3Lbl xJ3- food tuq aiviqsiuqtuta qikiqtakulungmut anu- N6ƒpJ8•E9lt4 N5†5. yeico6t9lA raaqtualuungmat nuqqangaaqtuta nan- isF6t Xøyl trPLt4 u5tmbo1¨- nuktuta marruungnik pingasunik aiviq- Ω6g5. s?A9o ≈4t4?w¨Ms3Lb µ0p8- tuta. Utiriaratta marruungnik usilluta a3m5 ej4y3Lb xs9õEKA5 u5tm- Niqiksaqarunniiratta aivirnik, atausiq qimaktutigut anurilua- boox3Lb x7ml bm3u4 wkw5 kNø5 lirmat qikiqtakululiaqtugu niqinga uti- ≈4t4?wus5, e7ucoE9lz . liqtuta. Aksualuk mallilirmat anuraaq- !(#%u5 u5tmbo1¨Ms3Lb stoE- tualuuliqtuni nangiapaluktuta. Aivialuillu KA5 ≈4t4?wj5 gkiDy3j5 xu˙9lt4 aqqusaaqpaktutigut uqqumiikkatta ingir- rajualuulluta tingirrautaq mikilaamuura- ej4y5 ˙cw7m c9lˆc8q5g6. xs/3- running into the interior. He followed luaqtuta nuvungmut tikinnatta mallilu- u1m5 ho g4gysoEKA5 b6®4 m3Dvn4 for a while but she was nowhere in anngimmat nunamuaqtuta ikullaqsiilluta xw2Xz N2Xs9li g4gr5gx¬9lil. sight. Finally they had to leave with- siniliqtuta. Iqqummarmigatta aullarilluta srs3u1m5 xs9õE9lb yfu5 kN- out her. She was found much later. co3Lb msoCh4Lb w˜8i5 s9˜4f5 suli anuraaqtualuutillugu qulliqpaaku- She had walked all the way from near lungmut tingirrautaqaqtuta uqqumuuq- iE8qPLb xs9M6X4Lb. ryxi N5t6- Pond Inlet to Clyde River. It is still tuta nunattinnut tikiliqtuta. Sanguja- gcÇz5 iEbw8N6X4Lb xuhX¬9lt4 considered impossible to do this. riaksaq nangialiratta tingirrautaq katak- wkw5 xbsy3¨PLb xkÇ6gx¬t9lA The lady’s name was Atuaruluk. tilauqtugu sangulluta nuvukuluup c8•8ˆl4Lil, ms/o6gx¬1m5 xSt- I believe it was in 1933 that I got uqquanganut nunamuarutta ajjaa suli x¬o3Lil yf wmÎ0÷¬c5boC5b yf married. We moved near Pond Inlet ilangani umiarmik ikumalingmik tiki- mn4gx¬1m5 xyxk5 w[l∫6X4vlx3Lb for the winter with my father. When taugatta ningauvut tikimmat uvattinnu- xStr5g4f5, mn4gx¬oÇz5 xyx˚6X4- I was trapping for fox, I would be aqtunuk. Lb x7mo b=? xs9õE9lb kNo4- away by myself for days. In February Maajiup taqqinganit aullakatalirivunga tA5 s9lr5gf¬9lil dFxh[Fs2 b6r- that year we moved to where there Mittimatalingmuaqpallialirilluta tavvaa- zi e7uK9l nl4Lt4 W3o6gcMs8- were seals. We had no food. I re- kiiruttualuullutik inuit supuuqturuma- qPLi e7uu4 N5t3N6gj5 trPMIE- turned after for my traps. Fox were jualuullutik uvangali ajurama supuuq- KA5. s?A5 yˆzb ciQ÷˚3Lb. plentiful that year and I stayed away turniq tigutuinnaqtunga. !(%âo6t9lA bm8N m4flx3Lzl for more than a week. While I was 1936 taima inuit tuqujut ittuinnait tEZixc5bo3Lzl N5t6X4Lbl dF- trapping my father went with a police- 3ngullutik. Mittimatalingmut tikinnatta xhoE9lb yeico3m5 xoxNwo3Li. man to help him get to Pond Inlet. nuqqaqujauliratta ataatakkukka niuviq- !(%)a6t9lA x3ÇA wmw5©Ms6- When summer came we went tinit ikajuqujaulirmingmat. Uvanngat ymKA5 xs/4f5 sux6g3Lb Wz˙9lb caribou hunting for the months of qanigijannik nunataaqtunga nuliama s?z sux8k5 xqJj5 tq3Csbo1j5 August and September. We needed ataatakkunginni. Aujanngulirmat tuk- xsMstc8q5g6 xwF6ys3Lb er6- a supply of skins for clothing. My tunnasuliqtunga Aaggasitilu Sitimpiriup bfl1j5 xkÇ6gx¬1m5 k6vΩ3Lb father stayed on the coast to hunt qitingani utiqtunga. Sikungmat qallun- N8k4Lb m3Î1i4 Wzhi4 xwF3Lb. seal but he did not get many because nialirivugut nunaliit Nuvipiri ilangani. 24 stExC5b m3Î1i4 sy9lb xwF3i4, of bad weather. Food was low when Asianik niuviqtiqalirmijut atausiulluni. xbsy6 em4LtA5 xkElxo3m5 er6- winter came. We went to get some Ukiuq tiriganiakialuktuni iqalulialuulluta bflox3LA iez sto3Lb. x4hxl4 meat we had cached away earlier aujakkut saputiliuqtuqarnirmat naammak- m9oo3m5 xkÇ6gx¬o3Li NqxXl4Lb. but it had become rotten. We were tumik iqaluqaqtuta. Upirngaangulirmat xwFxlw9l x6fn6X4LtA5 s6f¨4v5b hungry but still had a hard time to nunalituuliqpuguk nuliaralu Mittimata- wq3CJx¬9lb tq3Csb6 ur˜∆Cl- eat the bad meat. When we ran liup qanigijaanit. Umiarjuaq tikilangalir- x3Lb kK1j5 tr8N5b m9olx8q7m5 completely out of food we moved mat Nasikuupi Mittimatalingmuaqujau- kNjx3Lb wf9M6¥9lb yio3Lb. w6- to Ivallak’s camp. There were many lirmigama aullaalirivunga. Tavvani niu- f7m3uZ5b xs9ME9lb ho xkÇ6gx¬- people there and they had plenty of viqtikkunni iqqanaijaqtunga. Sikungmat t9lA d9o6Xfl1j5 tq3Csbc3Lb food. They gave us some and we aullaarumalirivunga tiriganiarasugvin- s6f∆3Lb kN5t8k5 tro3Lb. na/Ex4- returned home and shared one seal. nut tiriganiaqpaktunga tiriganiaqatain- n6 NqxoC5b tq3Csb6 vb4tMs3LA Later on some people came with narmat ukiurlu naammattiaqtuni. na 9lb kKf¬2 s6fxzk5 kNjxD5b my father to fetch us. I was the only 1937ngutillugu upirngalirmingmat x0÷ ho wMzi sux3u4 wfmo1u4 one with dogs. It was a long journey ataatakkukka qimaksimallugit suli tuktu- trbsZ5b izsK5 tr7m5 s?5t8k- and they began to die of starvation. siulirivunga angutaulluta pingasuulluta x3Lk4. My wife and I got behind the other pisukkatta tangmaaqtuta iqalungnik niriq- µps2 b6rzi5 xs9MvboEKz people. My dogs were down to three qaaqtuta qaungmingmat aullarmigatta u5tmbo1jx6X9oxoE9lb b=¿®D5gx- and I had to help them pull the sleigh. suli katimalluta pingajugiliqtangani tang- ¬9lt4 wkw5 hÍ6gDmJx¬9lt4 s?- We lost our way. In the morning of maarilluta. Silarujualuulirmat nuunngit- zo xJCm hÍ6g3i6 tAgw8N3Lz. the second day that we were alone, suta nittangittualuungmat. Marruungnik !(#^ bwm wkw5 gdJ5 w5g- we had nothing but warm water for ulluungnik tavvaniiktuta niqiqarunniiq- w8Nw5 #a9lt4. u5tmbo1j5 tr8N5b our stomachs. It was in December, tuta silaluinnaaluktuni tuktuqanngitsuni, k6vd/soC5b x∫b4f4v isF6ti5 the month of Christmas. The days tumisiqattaliratta aviktuta. Nunanganit nirinasukpaktuta. Atausirmik qiturnga- wvJd/so3u1m5. s?8z5 ciQ/8i4 were very short. I was just going to qaqtunga piqatiga taanna marruungnik kN∫3Lz koxm x∫b4fq8i. xs/8- abandon our equipment and take pingajuvut marruungnittauq, Illauq ao3m5 g4g8Nho3Lz ≈[Zytl yt7W- our blankets and walk. I thought I Amarualik angutauqatigijara aujaq piqa- Es2 etzi st3Lz. yf1m5 c9l8i- could reach people more quickly tigiinnarniaqtara. Pinasuarusiq naallugu xoEKA5 kNø5 kFWE wMzi. by walking. Suddenly I heard dogs tuktusiulauqsimanngittunuk, nunaqqanik xyxi4 isF6tco3uJ5 xbsys9li. barking in the darkness and my dogs nirinasukpaktunuk qungulirnik igallugit, srs6 tEZixrxl4Li wclox¬9lb raised their heads. We listened. I qungulirnik taijavut niqituavut. Suli tuk- xs/4f5 nStos6gc3i3m5 ˆ7m4gu4 could tell it was my father by the tuqaqtumuarasuktuguk. Ullaakkut piqa- wclc3Lb. sW3Ωao3m5 kNo©o6SA4 sounds he used to make his dogs go tigijara tupaatuinnaqtugu aullalirillunuk koxCl u5tmbos2 ciQ÷i5. sux3- faster. It was very dark although it Jx6 trMzo3m5 NyƒW u5tmbo1jxd- nuliaralu malingniarmat. Taakkua nulia- was morning. I shouted with all my riik nukaralu qinngummigalirmigama /so3uZm xs9õEKz. b=?i is- strength to let my father know where tuktunik takujualutainnaugama 8ngullu- F6t4f8i w6vNw/3Lz. yf1m5 xs9- we were. tik. Kuup akingaangani ilavuk utaqqil- ˜DmoEKz tEZixCh[F8k5 tEZix6- We could not have gone farther lugit nirilauqsimannginnatta pinasua- X4Lz tEZixcbw8N3m5 srs3l ˆ7m5- with the sleigh. I had used the cross rusiq naallugu sukkalijunnattiarunnii- tx3Li. bar for fuel. We had taken nothing rannugluunniik kaaluamut nuliavuk !(#&at9lA sW3zo3u1m5 x∫b4- but warm water for three days. The qimaktugik upagiaqtutigut uqautillugik f4v em4ym9lQ5 ho g4gysoEKz sound of my father’s team coming tupiqullugik kuukkut ikaajjaangimmatik xabs9lb Wz˙9lb Wh4v5b b1µ3Lb was the greatest sound I had ever kuuktualuungmat. Tasiuqtunuk ikaaran- wcl1i4 iE6√3Lb cs1u1m5 xs9M3u- heard. We were almost in tears. nuk tuktuttualuugannuk marruuk pin- Z5b ho vtm9lb WzJQo6bzi When we returned to our people ngiksugik tuavirasukkaluaqtunuk nang- b1µE9l b. yMDJx¬o3m5 ˚8qPLb they had lots of food. They also gave maktunuk niqimik nuliavuk upaliqtuti- i5bq5gx¬1m5. m3Î1i4 s9¬1i4 us dogs so I could go seal hunting guk. Piqatiga qimaajalirakku uqautillugu b=?•PLb iecD8•3Lb yMlw8ˆl4Li again. We were at Arctic Bay. nuunngilluta nirisimainnarluta qaukkan- g4gc8qPLi, guyc5boC5b xFPLb. When the sun came out again nirmat aullalirilluta. Tuktusiqattalirannuk kNzi5 iENh4X4Lb. xbsy3u4 eg3- after the long winter a trader and a tariumit aullalauqtunuk Aaggasiti atuli- zc3Lz WctZ ∫8N m3Î1i4 WzJK5 policeman came from Pond Inlet. saaqtillugu. Tuktuqattaliqtunuk qauta- m3Î1i5bs6, w9Ms6 xmDxo4 xab- We went back with them for a short maakasak Aaggasitiup taqqinga nungu- sctQ/C xs/6 WctŒ8N3ix6bC. time. We thought Arctic Bay might liqtillugu tuktusiuqtunuk qimmivuk WNhxDy6 ˆ9lA g4gysMs6ym8qP- have more game so we came back. tamarmik naksaqtutikkuk nuliavut qimak- Lk4, kN6vi4 iENh4X4Lk4 dao3i4 There were many dogteams now. tugik amirnik paniqtittinasuktutik. wZ9lQ5, dao3i4 bw/K5 iegxK5. Game continued to be scarce. We Aullaqtunuglu anuraaliqtualuungmat 25 maquttualuuliqtunilu. Kuuraaluk ikiqtu- jualuk akiani takugannuk tuktunik 4nik nunavullu ungasiksilluni ikaarasualiq- tunuk piqatiga aliggiqtuni qarlingni nangmagumallunigik qausinngittuungnit aturniaramiguuq ikaarunnuk. Tamanna kuuk itijualuunniqtuni maqualuktunilu qimmivuk tasiguaqtutigu. Qimmiqaq- tunga 9nik piqatiga 10nik qimmiqaqtil- lugu. Suijaliqtutik sakkuttutikkuk qitiqtitaaliqtunuk. Piqatiga sivulliulluni nangmaktangit imaaguuliqtutik qukiu- tarli asuillaa takuksaujunniiqtuni. Kap- piasupaluliqtunuk qiulirannuk sunagak- kuvinga puuqattanga kingmiaqtugu imaaguuqtilirmijanga. Puktallakasaqat- talirannuk nuna qanigligaluaqtugu qimmivuglu ikaaramik utirumajunniirmata ho g4gc6gjxCh4gA4. s9˜4f5 Wc- got very few caribou in the summer, asuillaak ikaaqtualuugannuk taaqsiliqtu- tQ/C gXgw8N3LA xs9MoE9l k4 k o - and when freeze-up came, we caught nilu annuraavuglu qausiqtualuuliqtutik xCl mo1ix3m5. ∫4fx kox‰4 kvCl very few seals through the ice. Some- tamarmittiaq, maqualuktunilu upaga- e8a7uZo3uZm g4gi4 bfJxlbw8N- times we left early in the morning suktavut qagligaluaqtugit taaqsingmat sZm *a9lt4. ƒ2 xrΩzi wMK4 without anything to eat and would unnuaqtusillunilu ujarasugjuruluup kig- sb6r9lQ5 iEMs6ym8q8N5b WNhx- stay hungry until someone har- linganut uqquiqsimanasuktunuk siniga- Dy6 ˆ9lA h4voJ8N5txD8•C8k[¬8•4 pooned a seal. Our dogs were thin suliqtunuk. Sinilaukakpakkaluaqtunuk √lxj5 koxK4 em4LQ4 sXQx3LtA5 but we did not have any starve to qaumaarjulirmat piqatiga tupaaqtugu scst9lQ4 gWd9lQ4 ƒ4f5 w√0÷- death. Things were getting better. aumajjaksigumaliqtunga nikuvigiaraluaq- q7mt4 ƒ4gx¬1m5. bys3Lk4 w√C8k4 In 1936 we trapped fox and seal. tunga urrullunga amma piqatiga nikuvi- g4g5gx¬Z8k4 m3Î4 W8q4LQ4 gxF- It was pleasant in the month of March giarmigami urrugilluni qiuluamut, niku- Ch4vlx3Lk4 N1m4Lk4 ieu4 koxK4 so we travelled to Pond Inlet to trade. vikkaluarmigannuk urrugillunuk niku- sXo3LtA4. WctZ eµ/oC4f scst9lA The people had all run out of tobacco. vinnannuk suruluujalirannu pisugasuliq- ˚8q9lb iEymw8N3lb cs4v8i3m5 I did not smoke, but I sure wanted tunuk tavvani sukkaittukuluullunuk xs9MoE9lb. g4gyc5boC8k4 bEsu5 to have a cup of tea. pisuqattalirannuk aumajjaksillunuk anu- raaqtunilu usiimalu qiugiannguapiktuguk. xs9MMs3Lk4 ≈[Zyt xgon6t9lA. In 1936 three people died. They Urrujattunniirannuk qimmivuk qimak- g4gc5bo3Lk4 csbµvn4 ≈[Zyts2 b6- were all adults. When we arrived at tugit qukiutivuk tigutuinnaqtugit pisu- rz ka o6t9lA g4gys3Lk4 e7uK4 Pond Inlet the people asked us to stay liqtunuk tamaungatuinnaq tuktusiuq- bm3u4 N4n3Lt4f4 koxK5 em4LQ4 with them. The trader hired my father tunuk ullakpaktunu piggarunniirannu xu3i4 Xi6t5tNh4Lt4. xs9M3Lk[l to work for him again. My father-in- taqajaraangannuk pisutuinnaliqpaktunuk xkÇo6gx¬1m5 md5gx¬o3Lil. ƒÇl4 law and I moved to a place near Pond nuqqalauqsimananuk qaumattialirmat wr6gJxl4 xrxi bfZ8k4 g4gi4 $i4 Inlet. I was able to hunt caribou that akuniruluk pisuktunuk. Qinngummiga- kNK9l szy4y9li w√Chxo3Lk4 Wc- summer and when freeze-up came, lirama nuqqatainnarannuk tuktunik takul- tZ xo[Q3Li c3o1i N1mAm9liQ4 we went to Pond Inlet for supplies. lunga unuqtunik 20ullutik. Ullaangung- csy8q5©1i5 xg3ixCuÅ6 w√D8k4. There was another trader in the area. bm8N ƒ4 wtJx¬8i3Li mdxl4Lil mat pisukpalliajut uqquktinnuglu pisuk- There were very few foxes that winter palliangmata tuavikkanirviqanngituin- e7uK4 byAx3LtA. e7uc3Lz (i4 but we did get a lot of fish. naliqtunuk uqquusijualuugannuk annuraavuglu qausialuktutik tamarmik piijaq- tutikku. Tamarmik qukiqtugit atunit nwm8 x{˙Q/sJ6 SÇ4 wo8ixF0Jx3u5 WoE5tx6ymizk5 wvJ6gwymiz- 10nik tuktuktunuk katiktugit 20raaq- k9l kNui5 xw5gbs9li Xw2Xu5 xto7u5 Doctor of Law c9lˆ•5gi puguk. Piqatiga qimmiqsiuriaqtuni aak- nw85 √gE8{, ≈8tsEsu5. turasuliqtunga akuniruluk qainngimmat Simon is acknowledged for his creditable work back home receiving a Doctor sunauvva ungasiksinnirmata qimmivuk, of Law certificate from Brock University in St. Catharines, Ontario in 1983. qiujarnikumullu akuniiqtuq. Tavvani Saiman assuugijaujuq Puraak Ilinniavijjuarmit pilirittiaqsimaninganut sinigasuliqtunuk annuraavuglu panira- ikajuqtuisimaninganullu nunaminit aittutaulluni paippaamit atilimmit suktutik utirniksamik sivuuraliqtunuk. Doctor of Law qallunaaniittuni Saint Kaaturins, Aantiuriumit. Sinilauqtunuk angirraliqtunuk nuliat- 26 WctZ !)i4 e7uc6t9lA. hw/o3Lt4 The next year my wife and I were tingnuk. Kuuraaluk taima itijuruluulaur- n4fPLt4f4 et6t∫o3Lk4. WctZ yK9- living all alone near Pond Inlet. mat atunit amirnik qausiqtunik nang- os9li N1m4bq5 wµÅo3Lt4 drsb3o Someone made a trip out to find us maktunuk. Qimmivullu tunnurnik iva- xhw9˜ bf4nsJ8•3Li. v2WxhXlo3Lk4 and tell me that the Hudson’s Bay luniglu nangmaktutik. Kuuk tikinnattik- esoC8k4 hNZ4fFz Íc5bz r1ux3LA Company supply ship was coming kuk taakkua nangmaktavuk uniarumaliq- wµÅ6to3u/z. S4b9Mvnc5boC8k4 kN and they needed me. I worked for the tugit kuukkuuqtunuk. Siurainnaullunilu ci[oZlx3LA e7uK[l w√Cu4 stDm- Company all that summer. In the fall ujaraqajaanngitsuni. Amiit tuktut amingit J8•3mb xhw9˜4 w√6gx¬Z8k4 ∫6yo3- I asked if I could return to my traps atausirmut katittugit ungirlaktugit qim- Lil x8kÇK[l csy6gx¬o3Lt4 bm3- because all the signs looked like a millu nangmangit puuqtugit kiviniara- u5tx6, mdxl4Lil sXZh4bK5 c[oZ- good year for fox. sugillugit puijjuliqpata sunauvva ikkak- lx3LQ5 ∫6y1m5 s8kx6gy9lil s/C- In the summer of 1940 three of us tukuluulirniqtuni. Uniaqtualuulirannu h[JD¬2 r[ozk5 s6fw6ymNh4Lk4 went sailing in my boat. I did not have ikiqtujualuungmat tamanna kuuk taqa- yiZho3Lk4. yiMsv4X4vlx3Lk4 csµ- a motor, but had rigged a canvas sail. lauqsimavunga aksualuk. Nuqqangagian- 3Jo3m5 WctZ gX3LA xsm0/4yAmo3Lz We were hunting walrus. There ngitsunilu angirrarmigannuk tamaunga ifFQxClx3Lz s3D9lz x7m WctZ were many walrus on a small island. aullarillunuk kuuraalungmut. Akingaan- ifFQx3uZu s3DQ9li eslxj5, if- We only got three of them because ganit tuktuqaqattarmat ikkanningalu F4vlx3uZ8k4 s3DQ9lk4 ifF8N8k4 hD¬- of the high wind. Later we shot two qaujigattikku kappianarunniiqtuni /oC8k WhZho3Lk4 b=?i h4vw5gf¬9- polar bears. On our way back it was ikaarmigannuk pangniinnarnik tuktukil- lk4 Whc5boC8k4 xsm0/4y3Lk4 xk- windy and the waves were high. There lunuk. Taanna piqatigijara nalimugit- Ç3Lil s¥ml esQx8axW4gA4. s3D- were many walrus in the water around tiarakku atauttikkut inuunnirannuk uki- /5g8•C8k4 e7uK4 em4LQ5 drstK4 us. We shortened our sail to keep uqatigigakku piqatima uqautilluninga tAgw8N3LQ5 Who3Lk4 bmszgw8N6 from upsetting until we came to a nangmagumalluni iluittumik pangnim- g4gys3Lk4 s9M4X4Lk W[ZD8•C8k point where we could anchor for the mik atangittiarluguguuq irraviggirlugulu aaktutuinnarlugu. Taimaak pijumangmat bc/Çz8k4 Whgw8No6X4Lk4 k6vM- night. I guess we were lucky to make qanittumuugaluaq sinigviginiaqtatting- s6ymNk4 csm5txo3m5 xfiDl4 Wh4- it back to our camp the next day. nut avisimaarjuktunuk aakturannuk Lk4. e8a7uZoCm k6vbw8NC8k4 There were now three of us, all pangniup aippanga aakturakku nangmiuq- g4gi4 bf9lz sk6gi4 @)s9lt4. friends, working and hunting together. tugu talingata iglua piiqtugu taannatuu- s9 ˜8a1m5 Wh4X9oxJ5 s6f4t8k[l I had one child, and the other men galuaq nikuvigunnarniaqtuginanga nak- Wh4X9ox1mb gxF4vi3Fc8qgw8No3- had two children. Our wives helped sarasukkillugit tamarmik tunnungalu Lk4 s6ƒyJx¬Z8k4 x8kÇK[l csyx- each other with the children while igluktut nangmaktaalugigakku ikajuq- ¬4Lt4 bm3u4 „/3Lt4f. bm3u4 dr3LQ5 we did the hunting. One summer tiqanngitsunga siniktarviksattingnut xgi5 !)i4 g4g4Lk4 vtPLQ5 @)- we ate a lot of mushrooms because nuqqalaurnanga tikittunga. Sunauvva Ç6SA4. WctZ e7u6ysEx3Li ≈4gC- caribou were scarce. We decided to ho3Lz xfiDl4 cw8q7m5 hNs=? talinga piinngitsugu nammagunnaq- go inland. One morning I woke up taraluara. Tavvaniiliqtillunga piqatiga szy4y8i3mb e7uK4, es/3ifj9l early. I woke my companions up so qaitainnaqtuni, uqquujukuluk kiinanga xf•6g6. b=?i yiZho3Lk4 x8kÇK[l we could get an early start. We left sarratualuk suurluuna imaarataaqtuviniq XiCh4Lt4 st3i4nu4 yCo3Lk4. our families sleeping. I was ahead inna pikkauniqsaujumajuq. Pikkauqqu- yiMs3Lk4 xq3Co3Lk4 kox5t1k4. quite a bit when I saw eight caribou siutivalauqtuguk nalimugiingnivuk ƒÇl4 bwm wtJD¬Ms3m5 xgi5 xu3i4 feeding across a stream. We got six isumagillugu. Sannginiqsaaluullunilu csy6gi4 N1m4Lk4. e7uK9l g8k3i4 caribou out of the eight. We were wet uvannit ullaliraangannuk qimakpaktugu w?li[l N1m4Lt4. ƒ4 tr8N5t4f4 ∫4fx and shivering from crossing the stream uqilaniqsaungmat uvannit quviasukpa- N1m4bK4 sixDmo3LQ5 ƒ4ƒ3Lk4. ysC- but we were so very happy. Our wives lauqtuguk aksualuk makkuktunuglu. w8Ns9lil s/Cc÷8qPLi. x¨5 g4g5 set up camp near the stream and we 1938ngutillugu tariurmut utirialiq- xuq5 xbsy3j5 vtPLQ5 sq3M4LQ5 carried the meat across to them. We tunuk Sitimpiri 11mi aputialuulirmat e7u9l N1mq5 Í3LQ5 rFixChQ9lQ5 had eaten only mushrooms and fungus tamanna upaksimajavut maujaaluuliqtuni Sw0J o6Xb hNs=? w4v4gf¬o3i3Li. for a week. What a feast we had! tuktuttunga 27nik piqatiga 28nik. Tamar- six6gx¬oC8k wr6gJx¬1m5 bm8N Hunting improved and for the first mik nangmaktugit amingit qimmivuglu ƒ4 bcMs6ymKz x4hxl4. k6vzQ- week of August we shot caribou nearly niqiniglu tunnurniglu nangmaktutik. x8qPLil xq3C3uZ8k4 bmsz xs9- every day. Our wives were busy Aaktusaaqtunuk pinasuarusiik marruuk ME9l k4 ƒÇl1j5. xrΩzi5 g4gc- cleaning hides. We rounded up all naallugit utirasukpuguk tariurmut atunit c5b3m5 w4v8izl cspZ5t4f v2WxN- our dogs and got them ready for nunaqaqtunuk. Tariurmiiliqtunuk sikung- D8•3Li w√3uZ8k4 X1•8N3i4 g4gr9- the coming winter. mat Mittimatalingmualiqtunga ataatak- lk4. ∫8N WctQ/C NojQ5txC4f When hunting is good you have kukka Mittimatalingmiimmata aullaqtuta xbs5t4f5 w˚8iC8k4 srsctQZ4f to keep going. With one companion qamutiingni pingasuulluta najaga naksaq- Wctm scst9liz N1mAm9li wl- I set out one day in search of four tugu qamutikkuuqattarmat qimmiqaq- 27 w5gu4 X1i7u4 xbq5tx3lAÅ6 w3C- caribou that I had seen in the dis- tunga 14nik. Taaqsiliqtillugu maniilarmut F[Q3lAl ≈4ggw8N3lA. bwµ4 WJm1m5 tance. When we saw them again they putumut kikturarmatik qimmiiqsiliqtuta ci5g∆Zlx6 yi[FQix6b5t1k5 xFy- were on the other side of what seemed qimmivut quviasukkamik nuqqarunnajan- µ3J4Lk4 ≈4gC8k4 X1is2 xw2Xz a small stream. The water was much ngimmata qimulisaaramik. Ullaksillunga ≈4gC4f N1us3LA bozb w[lx „3LA deeper than we expected and we saniagut ungataanuurasuktunga aksualuk ∫8N©Zlx6 ifFA8N3ix6gQNz N4n- nearly drowned. My friend lost his ullalauqsimavunga. Angunngikkukkit Ch4r9lQ5 bm3u4 g8kzl w[l4g5 packsack and his gun. It was getting nuqqajaanngimmata asuillaak sivuninga- N1m4∫lQZ4f wvJ6tc8qPLz yi4b3- dark and we had no way to make a nuuqpunga unnukkut tikittuta. Tavvaniip- F4n5t1k5 k6vMs3Nz trPLz. hNs=? fire. We just had to huddle down palaurilluta qatsinik siniktuta pinasuaru- boz „8qPLA N7mA8N6bClxC. b=?- and try to sleep. It was so cold I sirmi. Utirasualirillunga qilalugarmik •o6t9lz WctZ cwbw8N3Li, s6ƒJ- thought we would freeze. As soon usiliqtunga iluittumik. Taaqsitillugu fl4 ®Nz n3Cgxl4 ˙3¬N wµC∫6g- as there was a little light we got up qamutivut kataktualuungmatik siku saat- Fi6 w8N W4vsi6nsJmJ6. W4vs6- and started running to get warm. tukuluunnirmat niullungalu piqatikka fyst?Ms6gA4 NojŒ1iK4 whmQ9lA. Suddenly we saw a herd of caribou ikimallutik imaaqtuti, qamutiiglu nusuk- n8qi6n¬9lil s?8i5 s9MoÇz8k4 and forgot our discomfort. I shot ten taujunnaillillutik upagiaqpakkaluaqtugit em4X4LA seMi6ns1m5 s?8i5 dFx- of them and my companion took my kataqattatuinnarama qiuniarasugillugit h4XMs6gA4 x4hxl4 m4f4Lk[l. rifle and got ten more. After this I uimmangnirama tuksialauqtunga upa- !(#*at9lA bEs3j5 stExo3Lk4 began to skin the animals while my giarmigakkit mauvakkaluaqtunga qamu- yt7WE !!u xStx¬o3m5 bm8N sX4- friend went to bring our dogs. He was tingnuaqtunga. Tavvunga qilullunga ym/K5 ms÷¬o3Li g4gPLz @&i4 gone a long time for we had not qaqitittugit qamutiingnut tavva sikumut WctZ @*i4. bm3u4 N1m4LQ5 xuq5 realized how far we had run. We were utirumalirmigami qilamikuluk qakiqa- e7uK[l iei[l g8k3i[l N1m4Lt4. strong and healthy in those days. taugama nangianngittialiqtunga anung- ≈4gn3Lk4 WNhxD¥4 m3Î4 ˆ9lQ5 stC- What a load of hides, fat, sinew and migama tamaunga katangnanngittumut tullirama nuliara iparautarmut qitinga- h4SA4 bEs3j5 xgi5 kNc3Lk4. bE- meat we brought home! All the dogs gut qiluaqtugu qaiquliqtugu imaaraluaq- s3ö3L k4 yf1m5 u5tmbo1jxo3Lz were loaded down and we each had pat nusungniarakku. Asuillaak allurarmat x∫b4f4v u5tmbo1¨7mb xs9M3Lb all we could carry! We found an easier katakkaluaqtuni nusuktugu najaga tavva- cj†1i Wz˙9lb N/Z N4n3LA cjt4- way to cross the stream and reach tuuliqtuni qamutingniittuq. Qamutiik ƒc5b3m5 e7uc3Lz !$i4. ∫6yo6- the camp where the women waited aquagut qilaktunigik nusugasulirakkit t9lA m•M3j5 Sgj5 r4gC3mt4 e7¨6- for us. nusuktugik. Qilugillugu usijualuungma- yo3Lb e7uK5 dFxh4vu4 k6vD8N- We reached the coast in September tik qamutiik qaangirnasukkaluaqtugit /8q7mb ejonCu4. s9M4y9lz nixA5 and there was already a heavy snow- ajurnakasalirmatik tamarmittiaq qausiq- sz∫˚Ch4Lz x4hxl4 s9MMs6ymKz. fall. During the summer we had tualuuliqtutik taakkualu piqatikka qau- xa8q4f4r5 k6v÷8q7mb xhw9˜4 gathered so many caribou — fifty- yKiz˚6Sz s8k4f5 trPLb. b=?•2- siqtualungnik atuqtutik. Igluksaqattiaq- five — that our loads were heavy tunilu utiriaqtuta usivut qimaktugit XMsE9lb c5yi4 yi4Lb WNhxDy3u. and the journey to the coast took qiukasaktut piqatikka. Utirasuarliqtutalu stChxoE9lz eMlZ3u4 syo3Lz two weeks. We stayed on the coast nuvujjiqtualuulluni niglasugunniiqtuni. wlw5gu4. ∫6yt9lA cjtK5 vb4g- for a while and when the ice froze, Inungnut unnuakkut tikittaqpugut. Taima x¬1mt4 yf n5gf¬8i3m5 is9lzl continued to Pond Inlet to trade kappianapalulauqsimajuq ilaannit kappia- Wct4v wrm9lt4 wµ3Lt, cj†[l kh4- and see my father. napalukpalauqtuq atuqpalauqtara ilanga. bsJ8Nw9o9lt4 sXQx6X4vlx3LQ5 vb- When it was time to leave Pond Taakkua nunaliit atausiq iglu utirvigillu- c5bgw8NCm esixChQ9lQ5 sw7m1iCm Inlet again and go to my trapping tigut tatattualuullutik siniktut natinga- g4yxMs3Lz sXQx3uZ4r5 ms?4vlx3- camp, I asked my sister if she could luunniit tutiviksaqanngiksuni tupaktugit Lz cjt1kx3Lz. b=Kz el9lz come with us and she agreed. There inunga tunnganalauqsimajuq aksualuk cetPLQ5 cj†1k5 b=? yfj5 stDm- were three dogteams in our party. I qujagilauqsimavara nuliariik Malakkuk o3uZu eMufl4 crcbsZm Nqx8q5- had a long sled and fourteen fine dogs. Qillaapiglu. Taakkualu nuliangalu txo3Lz xk1uZm bmsz vb1N8q5- On the trip I harpooned a white najangalu annuraangit tamarmittiaq gj5 g9oCm koxC wXCsb3j5 et- whale and loaded it whole on our masaaluktutik tuktunik annuraaqaramik zA5 elx3LA cwdo3LA wµClx6X5 already heavy sled. My family were aullaqtutik iglungani panirasuktuta ullu- kh1ixC4f. xhw9˜4 x9lC3m5 vb4vl- all riding on the sled and I was run- ungnik marruungnik aullarmigatta qau- x3Li kh4LA N/Z b=?©o3Li cj- ning ahead of the dogs. It was just mattialiqtunilu. Taanna imaarvigilauqta- t1•5g6. cj†4 xdxA5 eM4LiQ4 growing dark when we hit a patch of vut aqqusaaqtugu usivut qimalaurattigut khZhoC4r5 kh4LQ4. elQ9lA syJx- thin ice and the sled began to sink. tavvunga ilangit usiliutillugit nunattin- ¬1mt4 cj†4 çq3Nh4vlx3LQ5 xJ3- The dogs couldn’t pull it. I ran back nualauqpugut. Nvno3mt4 bm3u5tx6 csy6gx¬o3Lt4 to my family but the ice kept break- 1939 taanna arraaguutillugu, upirn- ∫4fxl Wct4v csy6gxl1i4 xg3- ing under me. I was praying as I gaksaangulirmat qimuksilirivunga niu- 28 Lt4. w[l4nc5tx3Lil stEx3Lb sy- worked to try and save them. I got my viqtimik piqatiqaqtunga. Marruinaullu- K5 em4LQ5 esvn4g5 Wct4v. stCh- footing on some broken but floating nuk Kangiqtugaapingmut aqqutingalu x3o3Lbl kK0p6gx¬9li i[MhA8•3- ice and threw the end of my long atulauqsimanagu qimuksikkut 8nik Li. wk1k5 s8kx4f5 trPI6SA5. bwm dog whip to my wife. She tied it tangmaaqtunuk tikippuguk tavvunga v2WxNXlMs6ymJ6 w˜8i5 v2WxNXl4- around her waist. She tried to run upaktattingnut. Qimmivullu kaaliqtutik XMs6g6 xg6XMs6bC wMz. ∫4fx toward me but kept sinking in the qimiqqutiksaqanngimmat sinilautuin- kNø5 xbsy6 w[l st3FQ9ltA5 bb5- broken ice. I pulled and pulled and naqtunuk nattirasugialirillunga sinikta- gx¬9lt4 yi4g5 Ntz¬8•5 gtF4n- finally got her to safe ice. She was riaqtunga. Qimmivut nuqqangaqugalu- c8q4Li gX3LQ5 wkz g8zNMs6- chattering with the cold. I threw the armagit uqautillugu, nuqqangagaluaqpata ymJ6 x4hxl4 d/QMs6ym?C kox‰4 whip back to my sister and pulled nirijjaanginniraqtugit angituinnaqtuni. mM4f4 e9˜W[l. ∫4fxl koxzl her in the same way. Asuillaak aullarama inungmik piqatiqaq- N/zl x8kÇq5 bm3u5tx6 mnl4Lt4 The sled was lighter now and by tunga nattiqtunga atausirmik. Tangmaaq- g4gi4 x8kÇcCu4 xs9M3Lt4 w[lzi adding my strength to that of the tunuk iqqumarmigannuk atausirmik suli XiCh4Lb s9¬1i4 m3Î1i4 xs9M3uZ5b dogs, I was able to save our sled nattirillunga angirraqtunu tavvunga qal- csm5txo3Lil. ∫8N wµ3FQMs6bK5 which was piled with everything we lunaaqaqtumut. Pinasuarusiik marruuk x6fn3LA syK5 emMsC5tA5 b=Kz owned. I quickly unloaded it and naallugik tavvaniittunuk titirainnaqtunuk. wMq5 syost9lQ5 kN5t8kxMs6SA5. piling my family on it raced through Titirariaqtuqsimagami utilirmigannuk !(#( ∫8N x3ÇÅt9lA, sW3z4na- the night to where our camp was. 8nik tangmaarillunuk Mittimatalingmut o3m5 ej4yoEKz isF6tu4 Wct- We reached it in early morning. tikilirivuguk. Taitsumani tiriganiaq aki- c3Lz. m3DwNs9lk4 vq6gZW1j5 There were people there and they kittukuluullutik $3.00raaqtutik suungu- x6ftzl xgMs6ymNA ej4y4f5 *i4 were all asleep. I awakened a very naqpalauqtuq qisik nattiaviniq $1.00mik b1µ3Lk4 tr2SA4 b=Kz sX4b5t1k5. friendly man and his wife. Their akiqaarjuktutik. Akikiapiktillugit tiriga- e7uK9l √o3Lt4 eu6ft4nc8q7m5 names were Malaku and Kidlaapik. niarasuppalauqpunga aksuruqtunga. Maannauliqtuq aksuruqpagunniiqpunga yiMsgw8N3Lk4 N5tChQxoE9lz yi4- His wife changed my wife’s and sis- innarniglu irniqauliqtunga. Gavamakkut bEx3Lz. e7uK5 k6vzdZlx3mQ5 ter’s clothes which were frozen solid qujanaqput aksualuk igluqaqtitaunir- scst9lA, k6vzZlx6Xb iE0÷q8- on the outside. We stayed with them miglu nattiullu uqsuanut uqsuqaqpagun- iC3LQ5 xqgw8N3Li. xhw9˜4 xs9MCm for two days before our things were niiqtuta. Taitsumani aullaqsimallunga wk1u4 Wctc3Lz N5t3Lz xbsy3u4. dry. Then I returned for the supplies ukiukkut nuqqangajunnalaunngittunga b1µ3Lk4 w6fm3uZ8k4 xbsy3u4 ho I had left on the shore ice. pinginnaqpaktutiglu ilaannillu uqsuqat- N5tE9lz xq3C3Lk b=Kz c9lˆ- Long ago one fox skin would bring tiaqpanngitsuta ukiukkut. c6gj5. WNhxD¥4 m3Î4 ˆ9lQ4 b=?- three dollars. We trapped very hard. 1940ngurmat tamanna arraaguuliqtil- •PLk4 ttCw8N3Lk4. ttCEx6g6ymZu A seal skin was a dollar and you got lugu kisutuinnaq ajurnalualaurmingmat. sto3uZ8k4 *i4 b1µE9l k4 u5tmb- the same price for baby seal killed o1j5 troEKA4. bw5hmi tEZix6 Amma Viivvuari taqqinganit qitingani in the spring. Looking back now, it qimuksilirivunga suli Kangiqtugaaping- xrr5gf¬9lt4 ¢#.))Ç3Lt4 ˙aN6XM- seemed we always worked hard to mut marruinnaullunuk qimmiqaqtunga s6g6 ey4 N5txFi6 ¢!.))u4 xr- stay alive. Now that I am old I am 12nik taqqilimaaq Maajji nunguliqtil- ç3J4Lt4. xrrxW4t9lQ5 tEZixCh2X- grateful for a warm house and a son lugu utiqtunuk. Ms6Sz x4hD3Lz. µ8Nso6g6 x4h- who provides me with country food. D6XA8•6Sz w8N3i[l w3icso3Lz. Once I never stopped travelling Z?m4f5 d/N6S5 x4hxl4 w[lc6tbs- now I am content to stay home. i3u[l N5ts9l s6hxk5 s6hc6XA8- •3Lb. bw5hmi xs9M6ym9lz srs4f5 k6vzJ8NMs8q5gz Wq8N6X4Lt[l w˜8i9l s6hc5tx6X8qPLb srs4f5. !($)a3m5 bm8N x3ÇÅo6t9lA rh- gw8N6 xJ3NlxMs3u1m5. x7m Ï=KxE b6rzi5 etzi ej4yoEKz ho vq 6gZW1j5 m3Dw8Ns9lk4 e7uc3Lz !@i4 b6roµ6 µ0p kao6t9lA st3Lk4.

29 g{yx3i6, czoµ6, nw7m3ÔuN6f6 rN sdmw5g4ƒDi, wMwDi s=?¬8•5 dFxh5t9lA. A prayer, always, has a solemn effect at a time of one’s need, loss or joy. Tussiarniq, qangalimaaq, saimmarjuuminaqquq kina uqumaittukkuuruni, ilairuni uvvaluunniit quviasuttillugu.

30 x8Nsm0JtcD8•Dt\x8Nsm0JtcD8•3i6 — w˚2 w2WQ/zA5

THE HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIC — AN INUK PERSPECTIVE ANNAUMAJJUTIQARUNNIIRUTI/ ANNAUMAJJUTIQARUNNIIRNIQ INUUP IPPIGIJANGAGUT

ttC6g6 „b n8g3{ by Peter Saunders Titiraqtuq Piita Saanturs wk4tg5 scoµZ6 NlNw6yJmK6 INUKTITUT magazine expresses Inuktitut uqalimaagaq nalunaiqsijumavuq d/oi3ui vNbu5 kNc6√6gk5 x8N- their thanks to Canadian Aboriginal qujalinirmini Kanatamit Nunaqaqqaaqtu- sm0JtcD8•Dtk5 WoEF7u5 eu3DM- Aids Network (CAAN) for reviewing nut Annaumajjutiqarunniirutinut piliri- s3iq8k5 woz5txClx3mΩ3u sN the article for accuracy. Our warmest vimmit qimirrulaurninginnit ilingattiar- ttCZ6. d/QFst4r?K5 ttC6tQM- gratitude goes out to Peter Saunders who aluarmangaarmi una titiragaq. Qujagi- s6bK5 „b n8g3{ whmQ/c5tx6ym7m5 cared enough to inform his fellow Inuit viutikkivavut titiraqtigilauqtavut Piita NlNw6yQx6gi w˚ctui5 x8Nsm0- on the facts of HIV/AIDS. Peter, as of Saanturs isumagijaqattiaqsimammat nalu- JtcD8•Dtu5\x8Nsm0JtcD8•i3u9l. the summer, has returned to his home naiqsigiaqtuni Inuuqatiminit annaumajju- „b, xs/i5, kNuk5 st6ymo6f6 community of Goose Bay in Labrador. tiqarunniirutimit/annaumajjutiqarunnii- Å{ Xw, ˜Xgxj5. nirmillu. Piita, aujanit nunaminut utiqsi- First we are told that we are at risk maliqquq Guus Pai, Laapatuamut. yK9o3u5 scs0/sKA5 slExN6gu[Å6 to a world killer, a disease which gd5tJ8N6gu5 ≈8ixbco3m5, s9lu today plagues many Aboriginal Sivullirmit uqaujjauvugut ulurianaqtu- kNc6√6g5 kNoq8k5 yx3mo6gi, communities, tuberculosis. Now migguuq tuquttijunnaqtumit aanniata- S?9l8i6. s9luo slExN3in7mExl7u5 we are at high risk and vulnerable qalirmat, ullumi nunaqaqqaaqtut nuna- x7ml xw5g3¬bsJ8N6gu5 gd5tJ8- to a more deadlier virus, Human linginnut siarmaliqtuni, puvallunniq. Ni6n7mE7u5 Wbco3m5, x8Nsm0Jtc- Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Ullumili ulurianarnisammarialummit D8•Dt Gxtc6tbs7uJ6 xnW∫Dtu5H. The HIV virus is known to later ammalu aittuqtaunariakittumit tuqutti- x8Nsm0JtcD8•Dt cspm÷aJ6 cause Acquired Immuno Deficiency junnaniqsammariulluni, annaumajjuti- raixA5 x8Nsm0JtcD8•DbsJ8N6g6 Syndrome (AIDS). I, myself as a qarunniiruti (atiqaqtitaummijuq asapi- Gxtc6tbs7uJ6 xnWu5H. s?zo frontline worker in the Aboriginal taarutimit). w6vNw/6t9MEs9lz kNc6√6gu- community in Ottawa, have seen first Annaumajjutiqarunniiruti qaujima- sbk5 ≈g¿u5, bfymo6Sz wk8i5 hand the humiliation and destructive jaangujuq kinguniagut annaumajjutiqa- 31 c9lˆ•5gi5 x8Nsm0JtcD8•Dtc6gi course of the HIV virus on our Inuit runniirutaujunnaqtuq (atiqaqtitaummi- v8an6bs?8iq8i5 x7ml h4fpxa- people in urban settings. juq asapimit). Uvangali iqqanaijaqtillari- ?8iq8i5 x8Nsm0JtcD8•Dtc3iq8k5. In order to better understand ullunga nunaqaqqaaqtumiutanut Aatu- grysm5tx3ixD5tA x8Nsm0JtcD8- those who are infected or affected vaamit, takusimaliqpunga Inunnit qallu- •Dtø5 s=?¬•5 N9o5tQ/q5, wo4v8- with the HIV virus, we must first be naaniittunit annaumajjutiqarunniiru- iExgFst2SA5 x8Nsm0JtcD8•Dtu5\ educated on the HIV/AIDS virus. tiqaqtuni kanngusaaqtauvanninginnit x8Nsm0JtcD8•i3ul. v2WxQ/cExc8- We must not fear our fellow com- ammalu sukkujianguvanninginit annau- q5gA5 kN6vt5t8i5 x8Nsm0JtcD8•- munity members infected with HIV. majjutiqarunniirutiqarninginnut. Dto8i5. yK9o6Xu5 cspm/Exc6fA5 The first thing we all need to know Tukisiumattiarniaruttigu annaumajju- csp4vwQxc6fA9l hdtQ/c8q5gi5 and to pass onto others doubting tiqarunniirutiliit uvvalu nallittigijangit, x8Nsm0JtcD8•Dtu5 ck6 xw5g3¬- the HIV virus is the transmission ilikkanniriatuviutippugut annaumajjuti- tsJ8N3mΩ5. s=?sfx cspm÷ao6g5 modes. The known transmission qarunniirutimit/annaumajjutiqarunnii- xw5gy0JbsJ8N6g5 x8Nsm0JtcD8•Dtj5: routes for the HIV virus are: nirmilu. Kappiagijaqariaqanngittugut 1. Unprotected sex, HIV is found nunaqqatittinnit annaumajjutiqarunnii- in vaginal secretions, sperm or rutilinnit. Sivulliqpaamit qaujimajaria- semen. qaqqugut qaujikkaigiaqaqqugullu suqu- x[Zt5 sxn5txC/6vt5 tigijaqanngittunit annaumajjutiqarunni- tuF9¬8•5 xyxA5 Ns4f5 2. Blood or Blood products, although irutimit qanuq aitturluutiujunnarman- since 1985 the Canadian Red Cross xs7ut6gui4f5. gaat. Uvvaukua qaujimajaanguliqtut ait- has been able to screen all blood, tusijjutaujunnaqtut annaumajjutiqarun- blood products, method being niirutimut: Ensure you wash your very low from this risk. 1. Sapuulutaqannginniq kujannikkut, 3. Breast milk, and during the hands and any part of your annaumajjutiqarunniiruti aittusijju- birthing process, an infected body well should you taujunnaqpuq kujannikkut: uttukkut, mother may be able to pass the contact blood. ittikkut uvvaluunniit qapatigut. virus to her baby. 2. Aukkut uvvaluunniit aunut atuutinut, In order to avoid contracting Aggatit uasattiarajaqqatit 1985minilli Kanatamit aulirijiit tali- HIV, do not participate in unpro- timivilluunniit sigunnaqsisimaliqtuugaluat augijauju- tected sex either vaginal or anal, nit, aunut atuutinit — taimailiqtillugit asiagut naukkut this is considered to be a very high attanannginiqsausimaliqtuugaluaq. aumitiqtuminikkut. risk. Insist on using a condom, not only does it protect you from HIV, it 3. Arnaq anaanaujuq qanimalik will protect you from other sexually iviangingita immunganit, irniliqtil- transmitted diseases. luguluunniit nutararminit aittuqsijun- !. nÍlbc8q8i6 f/8i4f5, x8Nsm0- Never share needles with anyone, naqtuq annaumajjutiqarunniirutimit. JtcD8•Dt xw5gy0JbsJ8N6S6 this is also a high risk. This not only applies to intravenous (IV) drug use, Annaumajjutiqarunniirutiqattailiniar- f/8i4f5: s5g4f5, w5t4f5 s=?¬8•5 lutit usummit puurmit atuqunaqqutit cXtA5. but also if you inject steroids into your body, do not share needles kujanniaruvit uttukkut itikkuluunniit, @. xs4f5 s=?¬8•5 xsk5 x©tk5, with anyone. taakkua aqqutaulluti attanarniqpaangum- !(*%ui9o vNbu5 xsoEπ5 boy- When and if you have contact mat qanimmataarniq. Usummut puurmit A8N6yymo3iq8k5 xsQ/sJi5, xsk5 with blood or blood products, be aturumainnaqpagit, saputigajarmaatit x©ti5 — bwmwo6t9lQ5 xw5g- careful if you have an open cut or arnaumajjutiqarunniirutitaarnirmit wi6 x5bN8qi6nsymo6©Zlx6. entry wound, for the virus can enter ammalu asinginnit qupirrinaqtunit. Kapuutimillu atuqtausimajumit atuj- #. x3N6 xˆNsJ6 cimo4 wFxq- your body. Ensure you wash your jaiqsimavagit, taannattauq ulurianaviu- qb w7jzi5, w3io6t9lA¬8•5 hands and any part of your body well timmimmat. Tamanna immisuqtaujju- kbC3ui5 xw5g6yJ8N6f6 x8Nsm0- should you contact blood. tinut attuatuinnangittuq asiaguttauq JtcD8•Dtu5. When entering a new relationship or having casual contact, it is impor- aangajaarnaqtunut kapuutikkut atuqtau- x8Nsm0JtcD8•Dt∫5bwoix3lt5 tant to know your partner or at least vattunit atuttailivanniaqqutit atuqtausi- sh7j5 Í3u5 xgdN6St5 f/8ixDF5 insist on a condom for protection until majunit aittutauttailiniarlutit. s5g4f5 wt4f¬8•5, ∫4fx x6fbs9lt you have both been cleared with an Taimalu aummit uvvaluunniit aummut x5bN3i6Xa7mt4 ∫{hjz ci7mN3j5. HIV test, then you and your partner atuutinit attusinniruvit kilirniqarlutit sh7j5 Í3u5 xgDmw8N6XQ5, nStZ/3- can engage in sex without a condom. uvvaluunniit matuingajummit qiliruqa- 32 µt5 x3Nsm0JtcD8•Dt∫3i3u5 x7ml Avoid sexual situations under the ruvit ippigittiarajaqqutit annaumajjutiqa- xyq8i5 dW3EN6gi5. influence of drugs and alcohol. Drugs runniiruti tamauna timinnuurunnarmat. vÍtu9l xg6bsymJu5 xg0/w6- and alcohol impair one’s judgement Aggatit uasattiarajaqqatit timivilluunniit ym?Q5, ∫8N5bs6 slExNFst7u7m5. and in most circumstances people tend asiagut naukkut aumitiqtuminikkut. bm8N w7uh6bs0Jtk5 x5gxgw8Nq5g6 not to protect themselves from unsafe Taimalu piqannaataaqpallialiruvit xyxA5bs6 ≈z÷3N6gk5 vÍt4f5 xg6- sex while intoxicated or on drugs. kujappalirlusilu, pillariuvuq usummut bs?5gi5 xg5bwo?8ixdNEKt5 We must also be able to care for puurmit atullarillusi sapuulutarilugu xg6bsymJi5 xw5gbs5bwoixCF5. community members who are HIV qaujisaqtaunissinnit qanuinnginniraq- bwml xs7u5 s=?¬8•5 xs7j5 taugasunnisinnit annaumajjutiqarunnii- x©ti5 x5gy8iDF5 ro3ic3lt5 s=?- rutimit. Kinguniagut aippariittusigu usum- ¬8•5 m2W6ymJu5 eoDcDF5 w2WQ5t- mut puurmit aturiatugajagunniiqqusi. xC/6ft5 x8Nsm0JtcD8•Dt bmsN kN6vtK5 Kujattailivanniaqqutit aangajaarnatu- tu8˚D8N3m5. x[Zt5 sxn5txC/6vt5 x8Nsm0JtcD8•Dtø5 qtusimalutit imiqsimalutilluunniit aanga- tuF9¬8•5 xyxA5 Ns4f5 xsut6g- w˚ctQ5txExc6XK5 jaaqtuni suqutissarunniinarmat isumat- ui 4f5. tiarnarunniisuungullunilu saputigianga bwml Wc8ˆ∫6X9oxoDF5 f/2Xo3- annaumajjutiqarunniirutitaarnirmit. lyl, W9MEsK6 sh7j5 Í3u5 xg9M- We must embrace our Nunalittinnit ippigijaqattiariaqarivu- E9ly nÍlbElA cspn6bsi{y8i5 community members gut annaumajjutiqarunniirutiqaqtunit, ckw8q8iC6bsZh8iy8i5 x8Nsm0J- infected with HIV ippigilittiarunnaqqavut imminik tukisiti- tcD8•Dtu5. raixA5 xw2X‰5gyA giarutta annaumajjutiqarunniirutitaarun- sh7j5 Í3u5 xgExgZ/A8•6fy ck- Nunaqqativut nanginnatta/annaumajjutitaarunnangin- w8qf{y. f/5bwo?8ix6ft5 ≈z÷3Ng6gym- annaumajjutiqarunniirutiliit nattataakkunanngat. Qanimalinnullu pim- lt5 wu6ymlt9¬8•5 ≈z÷6gi hd- inuuqatigittiariaqaqpavut mariuvuq tukisiqujigami annaumajjuti- t{nD8•N3m5 whm5tx3ND8•˙a9lil qarunniirunnanginnatta ukutigut: nStQxz x8Nsm0JtcD8•Dt∫3i3u5. 1. Iqippanikkut kNo5t8i5 w2WQ/c5txExcEKA5 infected, we can accomplish this by 2. Kunissanikkut x8Nsm0JtcD8•Dtc6gi5, w2WQ5tx- basically knowing that we cannot 3. Tigumiarnikkut D8N6vK5 w7ui4 grytQx3lb x8Nsm0- get HIV/AIDS from them. It is 4. Attuanikkut JtcD8•Dt∫D8Nq8N5b\x8Nsm0Jt∫D8N very important to them for you to 5. Niriqatigivallugit paliangannit uvvalu- q8N5b ∫4fN8z5. cimo8k9o W7mE- understand that we will not get unniit niuqsinikkut imiutinginnit sK6 gry/sdp9lt x8Nsm0JtcD8•- infected by: D8Nq8N5b sftA5: Nunaqqativut annaumajjutiqarunni- 1. Hugging them irutiliit inuuqatigittiariaqaqpavut kanngu- !. we2Xi4f5 2. Kissing them saanngillutigu suuqaimmat anigijavut, @. fi{ni4f5 3. Holding them najagijavut, anaanagijavut ammalu ataa- #. tAux3i4f5 4. Touching them casually tagijavut, kinatuinnaujunnarngat taak- $. x5gxi4f5 5. Eating/Drinking out of the same kuangunngikkaluarluti. Takutigiaqaqpa- %. iEctc3i4f5 Xoxq8i5 s=?¬8•5 plate or glass. vulli ippiginirmit ammalu naalagiaqaq- is6yi4f5 wustq8i5 We must embrace our community tutigu. Piluaqtumit pinngijaivvigigiaqan- kN6vtK5 x8Nsm0JtcD8•Dtø5 members infected with HIV and we ngitavut iqqaqturiaqarnatigullu annau- w˚ctQ5txExc6XK5 v8an8q9ltA must not shun them from commu- majjutiqarunniiruti, ippigigiaqaqpavulli ˙cw7m5 xiQ/K5, N/Q/K5, xˆNQ/K5 nities, after all they are our brothers, taimaalluaq ippigijaujumagajaqtutut, x7m¬8•5 x∫bQ/K5, rNgw8NsJ8N3z5 sisters, mothers and fathers, they can tatigilugit tukisiumalugillu. ∫4fxa8q4vlx3lt. csp4vExc6X- be anyone listed or not listed above. Gavamanit iqqanaijaqtivut Kanatamit K9o w2WQsti3u5 x7ml ˆMQxc6- We must be able to just show we still aanniaqtulirijiit uqaqsimammata nuna- gtA. Wlx6gu5 W8q/w=FQQxc8q- care for them, and we need to just qaqqaaqtut attanarniqpaamiinniraqtuni- bK5 w6v6gExc3NtA9l x8Nsm0Jt- listen to them. Most importantly we jju annaumajjutiqarunniirutimit. Ullumi cD8•Dt, w2WQQxc6XK9o bwµ9lx6 must not let ignorance or judge some- amisuruqpalliatuinnarmata tuaviqtumit w2WQ/sJmZ/6gg5, btQlQ5 grys- one infected with HIV, treat them annaumajjutiqarunniirutiliit/annaumaj- mlQ9l. the way we desire to be treated, jutiqarunniiqtut saqqiqsimalirmata arnait vNbu5 Z?mi5 w6vNw/6tK5 with respect and understanding. ammalu surusiit attutaulluti suliilaa quv- ≈8ix6goEπ5 sc6ym7mb kNc6√6g5 Our government officials in the vapalliavut amisuunilinnit tamatumunga x5bN3i6X¨8iC6gi0J x8Nsm0JtcD8- federal Health department has said aanniamut. Gavamatuqakkut ammalu •Dtu5. s9lu xuhD6X9oxgw8N3mb native people are at high risk to HIV. avittuqsimajuit pilirivingit turaagaqarma- 33 gxF6gu5 x8Nsm0JtcD8•Dt∫6g5\ The numbers continue to rise at an ta annaumajjutiqarunniinirmut asijjiqsi- x8Nsm0JtcD8•g9l x3Nw5 x7ml hD¥5 alarming rate, today the face of manngittumit, ingirrajjutissait taikungas- x5g6bsJ5 d=?y2X9oxK5 bmgjz HIV/AIDS has taken a different sainnaq turaaqtitauvattuti annaumajjuti- ≈8ixj5. Z?mgc4f5 x7ml xF5g6ym- path, women and children are now qarunniinirmut pilirivinut, taakkuattauq Jw5 WoEÏ5 gÇZc3mb x8Nsm0Jtc- making up the alarming rates of new turaagaqaqtuti taassumingatuaqtauq inu- D8•i3j5 xy0p6ym8q7m5, wq3C0Jt{- infections. The focus by the Federal limaanit pijittiraqtuti. Arnait ammalu suru- nw5 bwfz{nw8N6 gÇ6tbs?7mb and Provincial government AIDS siit tamatumunga tigumiaqtauvanniaqtut x8Nsm0JtcD8•i3j5 WoEFk5, ∫4fx5- programs remain the same, funds suli ulurianaqtumiippallutillu gavamak- bs6 gÇZc6gt ∫{huz{nw8N6 wk- are still pouring in for AIDS service kut turaagangit asijjinginnilimaanginnit. oµi5 Wp5tC6gt. x3Nw5 x7ml hD¥5 organizations, whose mandate remains Sapunniapanniarutta annaumajjutiqarun- bmgjz tAux6bst9lQ5 slExN6g- the same to serve only one commu- niirutimit/annaumajjutiqarunniinirmit, ¨q8Nix6S5 Z?m4f5 gÇZq5 xy0p- nity. Women and children will stay iqqaumagiaqaqpaniaqpugut attarnaruti- q8ioµq8i5. nS8ixX8ixD5b x8Ns- vulnerable and at risk unless govern- nginnit inuusiqattiarniarutta. m0JtcD8•Dtu5\x8Nsm0JtcD8•i3u5, ments respond to their needs. In w6vsmQxc3ix6SA5 x5b3NDtq8i5 order to protect oneself from the w˚yc5txixD5b. HIV/AIDS virus, we must remember to take a few precautions. ttCDmAF5 gryQxDmAF9¬8•5 x8Nsm0- Titirarumaguvit tukisigiarumaguvilluunniit JtcD8•Dtu5\x8Nsm0JtcD8•i3u5 For correspondence or further informa- annaumajjutiqarunniirutimit/annaumajju- cspQxD8N6ft5 xF5g6ymJF5 vNbu5 tion on HIV/AIDS, contact the office of tiqarunniinirmit qaujigiarunnaqqutit avit- kNc6√6g5 x8Nsm0JtcD8•i3j5 vtm- your regional Canadian Aboriginal Aids tuqsimajuvit Kanatamit nunaqaqqaaqtut psJ2 x9M=Fzk5: Network Inc. Board of Directors at: annaumajjutiqarunniinirmut katimajiujup allavvinganut:

Albert McLeod — w{y?sb6 Albert McLeod — Chair Albert McLeod — Issivautaq c/o Manitoba Aboriginal AIDS Task c/o Manitoba Aboriginal AIDS Task c/o Manitoba Aboriginal AIDS Force Force Task Force 181 Higgins Avenue 181 Higgins Avenue 181 Higgins Avenue Winnipeg, MB R3B 3G1 Winnipeg, MB R3B 3G1 Winnipeg, MB R3B 3G1 Ph: (204) 957-1114 Ph: (204) 957-1114 Ph: (204) 957-1114 Fx: (204) 943-2033 Fx: (204) 943-2033 Fx: (204) 943-2033

Margaret Horn —w{y?sbs2 gqoz Margaret Horn —Vice Chair Margaret Horn —Issivautaup Tungilinga c/o National Indian/Inuit Community c/o National Indian/Inuit Community c/o National Indian/Inuit Community Health Representatives Health Representatives Health Representatives Organization Organization Organization P.O. Box 1019 P.O. Box 1019 P.O. Box 1019 Kahnawake, QC J0L 1B0 Kahnawake, QC J0L 1B0 Kahnawake, QC J0L 1B0 Ph: (514) 632-0892 Ph: (514) 632-0892 Ph: (514) 632-0892 Fx: (514) 632-2111 Fx: (514) 632-2111 Fx: (514) 632-2111

Darcy Albert — ®Ns/oEp Darcy Albert — Secretary Treasurer Darcy Albert — Kiinaujaliriji c/o Two Spirited People of the First c/o Two Spirited People of the First c/o Two Spirited People of the First Nations Nations Nations Suite 201A - 45 Charles Street Suite 201A - 45 Charles Street Suite 201A - 45 Charles Street To ronto, ON M4Y 1S2 To ronto, ON M4Y 1S2 To ronto, ON M4Y 1S2 Ph: (416) 944-9300 Ph: (416) 944-9300 Ph: (416) 944-9300 Fx: (416) 944-8381 Fx: (416) 944-8381 Fx: (416) 944-8381

Renee Masching Renee Masching Renee Masching Atlantic First Nations AIDS Task Atlantic First Nations AIDS Task Atlantic First Nations AIDS Task Force Force Force P.O. Box 47049 P.O. Box 47049 P.O. Box 47049 Halifax, NS B3K 2B0 Halifax, NS B3K 2B0 Halifax, NS B3K 2B0 Ph: 1-800-565-4255 Ph: 1-800-565-4255 Ph: 1-800-565-4255 34 Fx: (902) 492-0500 Fx: (902) 492-0500 Fx: (902) 492-0500 w8kQxo4 Vacant Innugialik Pauktuutit Pauktuutit Pauktuutit (Inuit Women’s Association) (Inuit Women’s Association) (Inuit Women’s Association) 194 Bank Street, 2nd Floor 194 Bank Street, 2nd Floor 194 Bank Street, 2nd Floor Ottawa, ON K2P 1W8 Ottawa, ON K2P 1W8 Ottawa, ON K2P 1W8 Ph: (613) 238-3977 Ph: (613) 238-3977 Ph: (613) 238-3977 Fx: (613) 238-1787 Fx: (613) 238-1787 Fx: (613) 238-1787

Brenda Thomas Brenda Thomas Brenda Thomas c/o Assembly of First Nations c/o Assembly of First Nations c/o Assembly of First Nations 1 Nicholas Street 1 Nicholas Street 1 Nicholas Street Ottawa, ON K1N 7B7 Ottawa, ON K1N 7B7 Ottawa, ON K1N 7B7 Ph: (613) 241-6789 ext. 320 Ph: (613) 241-6789 ext. 320 Ph: (613) 241-6789 ext. 320 Fx: (613) 241-5808 Fx: (613) 241-5808 Fx: (613) 241-5808

Laverne Monette Laverne Monette Laverne Monette Ontario Aboriginal HIV/AIDS Ontario Aboriginal HIV/AIDS Ontario Aboriginal HIV/AIDS Strategy Strategy Strategy 201B-45 Charles Street 201B-45 Charles Street 201B-45 Charles Street To ronto, ON M4Y 1S2 To ronto, ON M4Y 1S2 To ronto, ON M4Y 1S2 Ph: (416) 941-9481 Ph: (416) 941-9481 Ph: (416) 941-9481 Fx: (416) 941-8381 Fx: (416) 941-8381 Fx: (416) 941-8381

Joan Ferguson Joan Ferguson Joan Ferguson Ontario First Nations HIV/AIDS Ontario First Nations HIV/AIDS Ontario First Nations HIV/AIDS Education Circle Education Circle Education Circle 387 Princess Avenue 387 Princess Avenue 387 Princess Avenue London, ON N6B 2A7 London, ON N6B 2A7 London, ON N6B 2A7 Ph: (519) 434-2761 Ph: (519) 434-2761 Ph: (519) 434-2761 Fx: (519) 679-1653 Fx: (519) 679-1653 Fx: (519) 679-1653

Arlo Yuzicapi Fayant Arlo Yuzicapi Fayant Arlo Yuzicapi Fayant All Nations Hope AIDS Network All Nations Hope AIDS Network All Nations Hope AIDS Network 1852 Angus Street 1852 Angus Street 1852 Angus Street Regina, SK S4T 1Z4 Regina, SK S4T 1Z4 Regina, SK S4T 1Z4 Ph: (306) 924-8424 Ph: (306) 924-8424 Ph: (306) 924-8424 Fx: (306) 525-0904 Fx: (306) 525-0904 Fx: (306) 525-0904

Catherine Blackstock Catherine Blackstock Catherine Blackstock Healing Our Spirit BC First Nations Healing Our Spirit BC First Nations Healing Our Spirit BC First Nations AIDS Society AIDS Society AIDS Society 415B West Esplanade 415B West Esplanade 415B West Esplanade N. Vancouver, BC V7M 1A6 N. Vancouver, BC V7M 1A6 N. Vancouver, BC V7M 1A6 Ph: (604) 983-8774 Ph: (604) 983-8774 Ph: (604) 983-8774 Fx: (604) 983-2667 Fx: (604) 983-2667 Fx: (604) 983-2667

Dennis Peter Dennis Peter Dennis Peter c/o AIDS Yukon Alliance c/o AIDS Yukon Alliance c/o AIDS Yukon Alliance 7221-7th Avenue 7221-7th Avenue 7221-7th Avenue Whitehorse, YK Y1A 1R8 Whitehorse, YK Y1A 1R8 Whitehorse, YK Y1A 1R8 Ph: (403) 633-2437 Ph: (403) 633-2437 Ph: (403) 633-2437 Fx: (403) 633-2447 Fx: (403) 633-2447 Fx: (403) 633-2447

35 36 xrxJ6 eMst

THE ECHOING DRUM AKIAJUQ QILAUTI

ttC6g6 ¬vy w6rM6 by Lucasi Eqilaq Titiraqtuq Luukasi Iqqilaq

¬vy w6rM6 nirlx3usb6, kN5yx3u5 Lucasi Eqilaq of Sanikiluaq, NWT in Luukasi Iqqilaq Sanikiluarmiutaq, Nunat- nirlx2 er6bq8•5gu5. ßuz the Belcher Islands wrote this interest- siarmit Sanikiluaq qikiqtanginniittumit. ≈6rh6ym/ui5 ttCMs6ymK6 mw ing fiction story in May of 1995. Lucasi Uuminga aaqqisuqsimajaminit titiralauq- !((%u5. ¬vy $)i5 x3ÇAo4 dFx- is 40 years old and enjoys writing fiction simavuq Mai 1995mit. Luukasi 40nit Q/c6gi ttC3i3u5 WFcoCwZu. stories during his leisure time. arraagulik quviagijaqaqtuni titirarnirmit piviqaliraigami. ye8a/6 whmNMs8qM6 yM6rj5 Time meant nothing to Silaqqiq w{y?Jj5 s/Ch0J7u5 wk{˙2 niÇ•5- sitting on a bed-rock hill by an Siqinngujaq isumanalaunngilaq Silaq- gu5 eu3D9li gM5bF7u5 srs6b6©2 Inuksuk which overlooked a small qimut issivajumut ujarasujjumit inussu- swAymFzi5 (Arctic Circle). yM6rs2 harbour above the Arctic Circle. up saniraaniittumit qimirrulluni tulat- s9lz WQx3icMs6f6 yei6 xM4v- His day began when the sun came tavimmit ukiuqtaqtuup uigusimavinganit o6t9lA whoMs6gil yei6 iW5- up and ended when it went down (Arctic Circle). Silaqqiup ullunga pigiar- t9lA, bwµ4 wo6fyEMs3m0J wkw5, just as it had for all Inuit who had niqalauqquq siqiniq makiliqtillugu isu- ekwn4v7mEx¬9lt ∫4fx ckwosDyo- unbelievable patience in everything lilauqtunilu siqiniq nipittillugu, taimaak µq tA5. wk{h7u5 mrmJgcsMs6ymK6 they did. The Inuksuk was already iliqqusirilaurmajju Inuit, qinuisaakkam- h6fwho3i3ui, rN¬8•5 h6fwh8qM6 erected when he grew up as a child. marialuulluti taakkua qanuiliurusilima- rN mrt5tMs6ym7mΩ3u x7ml cz Nobody remembered who placed it angigut. Inussuk makimajutuqaulauqsi- ≈6r5bsMs6ym7mΩ5 ryxi5bs6 mrb- there or when, but it represented a mavuq suqquisulirnirmini, kinaluunniit iz r[Z6gwMs6S6 xaNh8N5tx¿¬- good late spring hunting ground for suqquisunngilaq makitittilauqsimam- izi5 yM34rj5 wkq8k9l sW3zn4f5 Silaqqiq and his people ever since mangaarmi inussummit ammalu qanga cΩli4rx6. he started remembering. aaqqittaulauqsimammangaarmi kisianit- yM6r6 vu{ymMs6S6 csyo3Nq5- Silaqqiq wore a pair of waterproof tauq makitaninga kiggaqtuilauqpuq angu- ©8i4, c3o{ym9lil g5gC÷8i4 x7ml skin kamiik (kamiks), caribou-hide nasunnattiavaaluuninganit Silaqqimut

dFxh5gt ju6g5 yMlo3z5, yMl4 kNj5, wk8k5, ßmJk9l W8NN6gi w˚0Jtscbs7m5. Dancing with joy as rain, a miraculous source of life, fulfills the need of the earth, man and animals. Quviasuttuti mumiqtut silalulirngat, silaluk nunamut, inunnut, uumajunullu pinnanaqtuni inuujjutiuqataummat. 37 do5b6ym9li eyZ/7u5, k/q5 br9- pants and a sealskin pullover parka, inunginnullu upirngasaakkut qangaalu- lt gwq8˚z9lt. ´c8qM3¬8•5 with his long hair down to his nikkiaq. x3ÇAcExroClx6t9lA sxB≈8NMi5. shoulders. Not a sign of grey hair Silaqqiq kamissimalauqpuq qausilir- bsg5txD8•Cu xaNhA8Nw9oMs6f6 existed on his head despite the fact nangittuunnik, qarlissimallunilu tuttura- xa†5 wMQ9liQ5 bwmw7m5 t7uxi5 that he was almost a century-old. His jaannik ammalu qulittaqsimalluni qisiga- WNhZcgw8NoMs6S6 x7ml kv2Wxi5 eyesight had become so poor that he jammit, nujangit takilluti tuinginnuun- wonw?o6gi Wo7m{nt5to6gi. could not go hunting with the men galluti. Qiiqanngilarluunniit arraaguqa- x[Zui5 eMsto/6S6 W/‰/6gis. anymore so he made himself useful riakiliraluaqtillugu uahaannalanit. Tautut- kN6vtq5 w9lusctŒ5 Wzh5 ho by trapping birds like the seagull plus tiarunniirami angunasugunnaillilauqquq mrMs6t8NQ5 yM6r6 w{y?o‰6S6 talking and training young boys. angutiit ilagilunigit taimaimmat timmi- c6vu5, wMcDmNi x3Ni5 scWlD- In his hand, he had a traditional anit pinasugaqatuinnalilauqpuq ammalu ¬/6gi5, u6ht9lQ5 c/3u5 w3abuk5 drum on which he was putting the nukappianit ilisaivaliqtuni pilimmassa- xt5yj5. xt5y xaNh5tD6X9oxo3m5. finishing touches to the handle. He tittiliqtuni. yM6rDl4 ifF2S6 eMst nsu7ui5 had been sitting on the hill before the Aggaminit qilautilijaqpuq pijariijaq- x[Zu•t5gis xNstz bo6Wx•t5- three families even woke up knowing tuniu. Nunaqqatingit illumiuqatigiit gis. xhw9˜ W8N/5gi eMs0/o6f6 that he did not want to be around pingasut suli makilauqtinnagit Silaqqiq n8 z9li xrxJj5 gM5bF7j5. xkEZi, gossiping women sewing sealskins issivaliriiqpuq qaqqamit, ilaqarumanani bµi x3ÇAu wo6fyE7mA. to a qajaq (kayak) for his grandson, arnanit uqapiluruluujaqtunit miqsutil- xrxJu5 gM5bF7u5 mrm5tx6S6 Atitsi. Atitsi was just coming of age to lugit qajarmit irngutanganut, Atitsimut. er6∫4 m3Î4 xf8izi5 Xz•5gi become a full-fledged hunter. Old Atitsi angunasuttiruqpallialirninganut. ciQ÷i5 m9o6bc6gi xy0pZJ5gu5 Silaqqiq stood up with the drum in his Silaqqiruluk nikuvippuq qilauti saumim- so5b3izk5. m9o4vsizk5 ßmJ6bc- left hand and the beater in his right. minit aggaminiitittuniu anautinga taliq- CJ2S6 wkw5 xs9MgJ5 ßm0JtQ?5b- He then gently started beating the pianiitittuniu. Asuillaa pinnajattuni qilauj- q8i5 sW3zn4f5. srs6 etCo6t9lA drum facing Echo Harbour. It was jaliqquq saanngalluni akiajumut tulatta- x7ml xs/4f5 Wlx6XJJ6 x7ml windless as it usually was at that vimmut. Anurigani tamaani arraagumi x6fbsq8N6XJ9li xs9˜oCwZu time of year. iliqqusirimmagu. kNj5 xyxk5. Echo Harbour stood well guarded Akiajumit tulattavimmit makimattiaq- b=?i wkw5 kNc6XMs6ymK5 yf by a couple of islands at the entrance puq qikiqtaak marruuk akunningannit xsZhx3izi5 s=?¬8•5 g?wCw7m5 xk- with a nearby current that changed paanganiittuni qanigijaanit malliqtaqaq- Ej5. ∫4fx xs9˜CJ5g5 wkw5 wkQx8- directions with the tide. The current tuni asijjigajuttumit ulittarninganut. ic6XJK5 w9lusctŒi5 Wz˙J6gi5 always had an abundance of animals Mallikkauninganut uumajuqtaqarajuppuq xbsy3u5. srs4 m3Î4 yK3zA5 wkQ- that the nomadic Inuit depended on Inuit aullatujut uumajjutigivattanginnit x8i6nsMs6ymÔZlx5; tnm5 w9lusc- in the spring. It was in the center of upirngasaakkut. Ukiuq qitiraliqtillugu tŒ5 nbsMs6ym7mb n8qJxl7u5 xk- their winter and summer grounds and ammalu aujakkut piluaqpajujuq ammalu Et9lA. xkE n8q0JtclxMs6ymK6 it always had to be passed during aqqutaunginnaqpajulluni aullaaliraigami m9oi5 w9lusctŒi5 ∫8N dx6nEM- their moves. nunamut asianut. s6ym9li bwml gn3Nv8iMs6ymZt Here, the Inuit (people) would stay Tavvani Inuit nunaqaqpalauqsimavut bw4fx cb8atŒ5. xux4f©J5 w9lus- until all ice melted or was swept away siku augasuarninganit uvvaluunniit tuvai- ctŒ5 n8qJmi3uk5 ßmMs6ymK5, cs- by a current. This nomadic group of raimmat anurimut. Taakkua aullaarajuttut pmZu whµlAtclxDt szlxDt9¬8•5 Inuit had consisted of seven families Inuit inugianniqaqpajuvut illumiuqatigi- ydu8ix3m5 xbsysctŒ8iE/z5. until two winters back; four families init pingasuujuqtunit atausirmit. Ukiuk s9l3u5 ∫{hmi kK0pq5tx3m5 xk- had been swept away when a freak, marruuk sivurngagut inugianniqsaulauq- EZil b6rtx6gx¬9li ryxio kN- strong, gusty wind shifted to the sea simajuugaluat; tisamat illumiuqatigiit os2 yMt4v8ixi5 yM xy6XlQQ¿ suddenly. The wind with the help of saataulauqsimammata sanngijualummit szy8ic6gu5 !)) „5i5 kNs2 a strong current surprised the poor anuritillugu. Anuri sanngijjutiqalualauq- r9ozi5. gM5b3F4 b{yDtclxMs6g6 families and they were never heard of simavuq malirnit, illumiuqatigiinit taanna yfv9M8i5. w2WQMs6S3l ˙3l vmN6g- again. Only a strong sense of survival quaqsaarilauqsimavuq taimalu tusarna- ¨5g6 yM3Jx3u5 sW8NCi wm6 wZ˜- kept the remaining families sane, kannilauqsimagati taikkua qatanngutigiit. a6ƒp9li s6hx6gF0Jxfl4. knowing too much worrying and Amiakkutuujut illumiuqatigiit sanngiju- dXkx6 s/Ch0Ô2 çz•5gi e7- grieving would only cause problems manirminut uumalauqsimavut qaujima- us2 u6fq8i5 ®7ux6S6. wms2 r9o- with the unity that was needed all gami isumaalugutiqaluaruti ungaluarutil- zk5 bfC8ˆ6gi xt5yu5, xt5y s/- the time. luunniit siquminniarmat atausiuqatigiin- Cs2 n5©2 çzi5 Nq6gi e8ax- It was a cloudless, windless day and nirijangat. •2S6. x3ÇAbµ5 xisZ6bc6t9lA ho the moon was visible but the weather Ullurmit taassumani nuvujjingittiar- dXkx5 yK9oXs9lt trC6XMs6g5. was just the opposite starting one mat anuriganilu taqqitiaqtualuulluni 38 sW3z{~DCw7m5 dXkx5 trÎbCw7mb hundred feet from the shore. There kisianili nunaliup silatikkannianit sila W6yg3JxÇ¬÷q8N6XJK6. vmN6XMs6- it was, foggy caused by the ice pack asiqpaalugigivaa ungasinniqaqtumit 100 S3l ckxl4 ßm?Ms3mΩb. ∫8N9lxb6 in the harbour. It was like being in piitnit nunaup killinganit. Tulattarvik dXkx6 WrsosMs6f6 s/Cs2 x∫i an enchanted world with glass-like tassirutiqalualauqtuq sikukallannut. Imaiq- wiQ˙ui5. cspmZu wk4 ckwoy0÷- water ever so calm. quujilauqpurlu suurlu kamanaqtumiittuq q5g6, s/Cs2 x∫˚Ms6S6 xi4vi6- A snow bunting with a dog fur in silarjuarmit upinnarani imaq igalaanguq- gil e7us2 u6fq8i5 xw{y6gi, its beak stood on top of a small quujilluni uqsuaqtuvijjuakuluk. e7¨5 u6fw/6t9lQ5 bm8N ˆ7mˆ3m5. boulder by the shore looking at Qupanuaq ujarasujjuup qaanganiittuni xt5y cwEnw9li c/zb wÍt- Atitsi standing on a flat bedrock at qimmiup miqqunginnit kiimmiaqpuq. zi5 brio7u5 !$ „5u5, eMstu5 the point. The snow buntings were Imaup killinganut takurannaaqtuni xrxJu5 gno6S6 ß7mt7ui5 t9o3ic- the first small birds that arrived every Atitsimit, Atitsi ujaraup saattuup qaan- ctc6gu5 gnCus9l dzMs6S6 kNj5 year when there was still snow. There ganit nangiqtuni qinnguaniippuq. eFxCu x∫b5txEZus, yM6r6. s9l6 always seemed to be a strong spring Arraagutamaat aniugaqtaqaqtillugu suli bwmwt9lA, xrxJ6 gn6nsJ8NMs6S6 blizzard after they arrived. It was a qupanuat sivullipaulluti tikiraqpalauqput. N6ns2 gM5b3Fzi5 x7ml ci5©8i4 wonder how they survived. The snow Upirngassaaruraimmat qupanuat tiki- m3Î8i4 nq8•5g5 er6∫8i4. c6vs2 bunting was building a nest under a ruutaraimmata piqsiturjuaraaluuqquuji- ciQ÷i5 ho xisZ6bc6gi; hD¥5 rock where they nested. Seeing that innaqpalauqpuq. Kamanaqpalauqpurlu s/C8i5 m2W6tEc5b6S5 xF8zix6- the human was no harm, it quickly qanualuk uumavalaurmangaata. Taan- gt, bm8N dFxQMs6ym/z xt5ys2 went under the rock only to emerge nalluataq qupanuaq pikiuliulauqquq uja- hDyst9lA µ8ND¬÷Ms6ymJ6. wµ4 wo6- again to look for more dog fur that raup ataani inigisuuminit. Qaujimagami fy5t8i5 W0Jyc6gt xF8z3ix˙a7mb, was becoming abundant since the Inuk qanuilisijjaangittuq, ujaraup ataa- dogs were losing their winter fur. nuulauqpuq anikkaniqtunilu qimmiup Atitsi, smoothing his 14 foot miqqunginnit aissiqtuni, qimmiit miq- xux4f©J5 w9lusctŒ5 qajaq paddle, heard the echo of the quijaqtillugit tamanna naammanaarmat. drumbeat which seemed to rhyme Atitsi qairisailluni qajangata ipuutin- n8 qJmi3uk5 ßmMs6ymK5 with his heart and he smiled looking ganit takinilimmit 14 piitmit, qilautimit landward at Silaqqiq, his grandfather. akiajumit tusaaliqpuq uummatimminit Only a strong sense of On the day like it was, the echo could tillirniqaqatiqaqtumit tusaramiullu qun- survival kept the remaining be heard in the valley-like harbour galauqpuq nunamut qiviarami ataatat- right to the islands not too far away. tiarigamiu, Silaqqiq. Ulluq taimaitillugu, families sane Looking around, he could see the akiajuq tusaqsaujunnalauqpuq naqsaup children on the side of a nearby hill tulattarvinganit ammalu qanittuunnik Amiakkutuujut still with some snow; the children marruunnik saanginniittunu qikiqtaannik. illumiuqatigiit were turning stones in search of Qaqqaup qanigijaanit suli aniugaqtaqaq- sanngijumanirminut lemmings, an activity which he had tuni; surusiit ujarannit mappiqtiriqattaq- so enjoyed not too long ago. The put avinnganiaqtuti, tamanna quviagi- uumalauqsimavut idea was to find and catch lemmings lauqsimajanga Atitsiup surusiutillugu before the husky pups could get them. maannaruluujaalauqsimajuq. Imaak Both boys and girls took part. He iliqqusittinnit pijjusiqaqtuti avinngarni- xF8z6√Chx6gt e7uk5 W/sMs8q8- spied just as they started running, a asuungummatta, avinngaqqaarasuaqtuti iq8i5. kv2Wx5 x3Nw9l xF8z3ix˙- couple of children tripping with qimminut pijaulaunnginninginnit. Nukap- aK5. bfoEK3o s9M{ynEx6gi5 hD- laughter as they chased a lemming. piat arnaillu avinngarniasuunguvut. y3i5 wMq5 ˆ5gt w7ui9l w9MstQg- The children were neatly covered in Takulirivurli ullassisaariaqtunit surusirnit w8N6S5, xa÷E5tQKi˜ xF8z3i5. hD¥5 their animal clothing. ilangit naattuti imminillu illautigituinnaq- x8kÇ6g6ym5tx6S5 eyZ/8i5 xu3i9l. He also glanced at the women in put, angujaarittigivunilaa avinngarnit. xyxk5 eFxCu bfoEK6 x3Ni5 their amauti yapping away as usual Surusiit annuraaqtuqsimattiaqput qisiga- xmst6ymJi5 scWlD¬/6gi5 W/‰- just finishing up on his brand new, jannit amirnillu. /6X9oxJi5 k∫u5 c/EQs3ix6b- first qajaq. He was filled with excite- Asianut qiviarami takulirivuq arnanit zi5 xt5ys2. xt5y dFxh5tx6gi5 ment inside but as a man he tried not amautiqsimajunit uqapiluruluujaqtunit w2WQ0JtcMs6S6 cspmt5t5bwom9li to show it. He had been told to stay pijariijaqpalliajunit nutaamit qajarigiurni- xats0Jtui5 g6f6yym9li. xq3C6- behind by his father, who with other aqtanganit Atitsiup. Atitsi quviasuttiaq- ymd/symZu x∫buk5, x∫bz xs9M6- men did not come back yesterday tuni ippigijjutiqalauqpuq qaujimatittit- ymcbs9li c/6g6gt ho trMsCt from hunting in their qajat. It could tailimallunilu angutiujjutiminit tuqquq- w2X{nzi5. xbsys8q5gu5 w7mc mean a couple of things; they might sisimalluni. Angirraqsimaqujausimagami W0Jtc6g5; yf4f5 x6ftcD8•os6vJ5 not have been able to get through the ataataminut, ataatanga aullaqsimaqatau- 39 s=?¬8•5 eMlZ6guisJ5 si8z0Jt- ice or they might have had success vuq qajaqtuqtunit suli tikilaurati ippas- clxgw8NExø5. eMlZ6gc3m5 m5∫z in their hunt for migratory beluga. sanganit. Atausiunngittumit immaqa ie QN6f6 x7ml iez xqÔ9li Beluga meant mattaaq, it’s skin and the pijjutiqaqtut; sikukkut aqqutiqarunniili- iE/s˙a9li Wlx6gu5 i4f{yxE/- meat, a lot of food especially when uqqajut uvvaluunniit qilalugaqtuminiu- s9li SÔ6tbs˙a9lil. m5∫z sr- it was dried and smoked. The skin guti uninngajjutiqaluatuinnarialiit. s4f5 vuoxE9lA vu5tx¿¬?JK6 Ws- made good winter kamiit which Qilalugaqtuqarmat mattaanga niqiginaq- i6n7mEs?JJ6 eyZ/8i5. hdtQ5bw- seemed to last longer than the seal- quq ammalu niqinga angijuulluni niri- omMs6Xw5 x3Nw5 WF5gi ryxi5- skins. He tried to avoid the women as jausuungulluni piluaqtumit nikkussiari- bs6 ci{nChx6y8ˆ5 WMs6S6 gnN- much as possible but made sure he was jaulluni pujuuqtitausimalluniluunniit. h5gi WJm0Jtq8i5 ˙3l wZQxc3m- close enough to hear their demands Mattaanga ukiukkut kamiliarillugu Ω3u x7m¬8•5 eJ5bExc3mΩ5. eJ5- such as starting a fire or searching kamittiavaaluuvajuvuq piuniqsammariu- ∫5 xu˙7mb kx5tym5bstQoMs6S6 of driftwood. The driftwood was vajulluni qisigajannit. Atitsi suqutissat- xu˙ˆ6gQ5 x3Nw5 c/os‰Ms8qi3ui5. always in abundance so he made tailimalauqpuq arnanit pivittuni kisianit- x3Ni5 wMQ/3u5 xtc6gu5 s9l- sure he had a good pile before the tauq qanissarasuaqsinnaalaurivuq tusaa- Ex3u5 WbcMs6S6, ∫8N xt5ys2 women went to the qajaq. nasuaqsinnaat pijumajjutinginnit suurlu wloq8i5 w2W8ixt5t?Ms6g6 ciQ- With the women, there was igagiaqarmangaarmi ammaluunniit qijut- oCw7mA ryxi5bs6 w7ui csp4vwJ8- Ulluriaq, who aroused his inner tariaqarmangaarmi. Qijuttaat amisuum- N6XMs8q5g6 Ws{ni3ui5. gn3N6gc- feelings just by being close to her mata nuattisimattautigililauqpuq amisu- Ms6ymZil xa7u5 bwµ4 sc˙u5. m4f- and he did not have the courage to unaaqtugit arnait qajaliuriilaunnginirminit. i3ui 5 x3Ni bfym/oµq8i5 s9lEx6 let her know that he really liked her. Arnanit ilagijarmit atiqaqtumit Ullu- Wsi6X5txaymK6. bwmw9lx‰5gt4 Besides, it was unheard of to hear riarmit pitaqalauqpuq, taanna Atitsiup x3N6 ∫8N WsJxl4 WJ8N3ioxl4 s9li such words from the mouth of a man. ilulinginnit ippinniatittivalauqtuq qanigi- xu˙8q5gi5 xqJ5tx3ÔZlx6gi. In his eyes, she was the most beautiful liraimmagu kisianittauq immini qaujik- ∫4fx WD6nctŒ8iƒ4 wMŒZt4 xs9M- girl he had ever seen during his young kaijunnaqpalaunngittuq piussanirminit. ctŒ˙a9lt w9lusctŒ5 wMŒZJ˙aZ- life. They were of same age with the Tusarnaqtuqalauqsimaganilu angummit lx6t9lQ wMŒ8qM9o. wµ9ME4 WF5- startlingly young and talented girl a taimaak uqasuumit. Makkunirminit arnani gi h4fcMs6f6 s9lEx3u5 x0psq8- little older by a few days. They had takusimajalimaanginnit Ulluriaq piuniq- ic3izk5. x∫b5txz, eMs0/6g6 grown up together knowing they paattiangusimavuq. Taimailluariittutik scs0pymMs6S6 s9lEx2 sw{nuiCl- were not related which was rare with arnaq taanna piujualuk pijunnarnilialuk xz yfu5 n3?scbsMs6ym7m srs5 families that travelled together. It was ulluni amisuunngittunit angijuttiarjuu- xu˙8q5g5 çq6ymo6t9lQ5 bwµ4 his weakness liking Ulluriaq simply galuaqtuni. Taakkua piruqsaqatigiinni- s9lEx6 xgw8Nsic6S6. xt5y wl4f5 because there was none like her. His kuuvuuk ilagiigatik aullaqatigiisuungul- dFx˙tclxj5 bmguz cspmt5tNh- grandfather, who was beating the luti illumiuqatigiit ilagiigajusuungugalu- Ms8qM6 bs5guA5. gn3NMs6S3o drum much louder, had told him that aqtillugi ilagiinngilalli. Imaallarik pivit- xt5ys2 kox{nuiClxz bfMs6y- the promised family who was to take tuni sukkuqalauqquq Ulluriarmit ajjiun- m8qbz gdMs6ym7u7m5 cspm/sZi Ulluriaq perished in that ice break ginniqarninganut. Ataatattianga qilauj- h8i3mΩ5. xt5y w7ui ˙JEoMs6S6 a couple of winters ago so she was jaqtuq uqaujjisimalauqpuq Ulluriap uis- rx4ro6g6 wms2 yˆ•4vlxCu x9˜- available. That made Atitsi gleeful saminiraluanga sikumit sarvauqataulauq- ¬8•5 i9M∫3ins5bClx3z5 kN6Xy3u5. inside but he tried not to show it. It simamma ukiut amisuunngittut qaangiq- s6ƒyi6nsMs6S3l whmQgw8N6gis was heard that the girl he had never simaliqtillugit taimaak Ulluriaq atuin- N9oQ/i, s9lEx6. xt5yl eFxoMsEK seen before in another region to whom nauniqaqpuq. Atitsi quviasuutiqaluamut wm3j5 iec6t5tJj5. he was promised had died of some tamatuminga qaujimatittinasulaunngilaq u†5 x5t5gu5 czbJ5 wm3u5 unknown sickness. Atitsi found him- tauttumigut. Tusarnalauqpurli Atitsiup X=ÏJ5 wnD3uk5 dMs{yMs6gt ryx- self sweating by the shore which was nuliassaminiraluanga takulauqsimanngi- i5bs6 b{y3j5 b3EŒ6S5. gn6nsK9l cooler than the inland just thinking tanga tuqulauqsimammimmat qaujima- iX6bq5 b{y6g¨t9lQ5 x7ml5bs6 of his first love, Ulluriaq, so he looked jaugani sunnirmangaat. Atitsi immini i3o3u5 iDu5gu5 czbJu5 dMs5g- to the life-giving sea. suujurililauqpuq kiakkiliqtuq imaup c6S6 i0÷9li5bs6; ut6g5 b3E4- Low flying eider ducks flew by sinaaniikkaluarami nillataarniqsautta- rK6 b{y3j5. i3o6 xqi6XaK6 causing a small disturbance to the raluarngat nunaqpasimmit. Uqquusiniq- t7uxi5 st6b˙i5 srs6b6gj5. i3ø5 water with their fast moving wings but saulauqpurlu isumagituinnaqtuniu nal- gdbs˙aK5 iezk5 x7ml wNl8N- quickly disappeared into the fog. Old ligijani, Ulluriaq. Atitsilu qivialilaurivuq q8k5. wNlq5 Xi6tym9lQ5 ≈8ixy- squawks could be heard in the fog and imarmut niqiqaqtittijumut. sDbs˙a7mb. i3os2 wNlq5 Í6bs- a great common loon in its majestic Mitiit attittumit qangatajut imarmit ym˙aK5 i3os2 xuzk5 bwv8Ω3F- self flew over making its haunting pavviijut isarurminut qulaussilauqtuti Q/zi5. xt5ys2 gn4v8iE¿ i3os2 call; like the eider it disappeared kisianittauq tassirmut tarrigiiqput. Tusa- 40 iWz b{y6g¨5g6. rai5txzA5 into the fog. The loon was one of the qsauvullu nipaaqtangit tassiqtumiitillugit dMs{yoMsEK6 xt5yu5 i9ox9li larger migratory birds that came to ammaluttauq nirlirmit nirumittumit ho. xt5y sb6rv8iMs6©Zlx6 i9o- the north. The loon was killed for qangatajumit qulauttuqaqpuq nijjaallu- v8iix6gQ9lis, i9ov8iMs6fq˜. food and their intestines when dried nittauq; mitiqtut tarrikkivuq tassirmut. xa†5 st6X9ox?loMs6S5 bmsz were used for medicine. The loon Nirliq anginiqpaanguvuq timmianit uki- xaNhMs6t9lQ5 ci=?lo6gt9l. intestines were stored in the loonskin uqtaqtumut utiqtasuunit. Nirliit tuqutau- xt5y eFx4v8ioMsEK6 x∫b5yx- from which it came. He heard the suunguvut niqinganut ammalu inalun- uk5 bf¿l ju6ƒpJ6 wk{˙2 ciQ/- sound again in the fog. Just a moment ninginnut. Inalungit paniqtisimallugit z•5gi v5g5gi eMstui5 xsMi- later, it flew over Atitsi again making aanniasiurutausuungummata. Nirliup zl xbsysctc6ƒp7mEo6g6 eM- the same call. Atitsi waited for it to inalungit puuqtausimasuunguvut nirliup stui5. x3Nk5 eFx4v8iCu bfK6 call again in the fog. It did. aminganut taikanngaarvigijanganit. s9lEx3u5 ni6fX9oxJu5 wfxMu5 The men were returning and they Atitsiup tusakkannirivaa nirliup nipinga SJ6 f7jxX9ox9ME5gi yM yM6r6- were not too far in the fog. tassiqtumiittuq. Kingunittiangagut qulaus- gflxW4. s9lEx6 w7u8k5 x[QX9oxK6 Atitsi took another look at his sililaurivuq Atitsimit nillialluni suli. Atitsi wm3j5 x[Zui5 sxnEx6g∂6gi. xt5- grandfather who now seemed to be utaqqikannilauqtuugaluaq nillikanniniaq- ys2 ß7mtz t9o3icFsto6f6 h4vo- dancing near the Inuksuk beating his tugilluniu, nillikannilauqqungilaa. Angutiit Fsto6gi x7ml w2WQo6gi gM5b- drum as if it was a part of him. A utiqpalliavalulilauqput tamaunga angu- F8•5goµ5 gnJw8NsoExqb ß7mt- quick glance at the women showed nasulauqtillugit qanivvaluliqtutillu. zi5. xyxk5 nngw8No6f6 ˙3lo him Ulluriaq walking past a fire with Atitsi qiviakkannililaurivuq ataatatsi- b4fw5gz x7ml rhoE8axn6gi it’s smoke rising straight up due to aminut takuvaalu mumiqquujijuq inus- W/‰6ymJu5 wÍtu5. xhw9˜ gno6S6 the calmness of the weather. She was suup qanigijanganiittuni kattuttuni qilau- iW6f6gy?9oxJu5 s9lEx2 vuq4 coming in his direction to the shore timinit aulaningalu atausiuqatiqaqquu- s/C˜k5 gt?l2X5©4 c9o?9oxJ6 perhaps to wash her hands. Atitsi’s jimmariliqtuq qilautiminit. Arnanut qiviak- wms2 r9ozk5. xt5y xs4v8izgw8- heart pumped much faster and he felt kannirami takuvuq Ulluriarmit saniqqu- No6f6. gn5by8No6gil wmv9M7u5 it might be heard in all of the harbour. palliajumit ikualamit pujuq kummuapal-

hDys9li dFxh8iscbsF0Jx6f6 thCctc6X5gi hDy3i5. Part of a big childhood joy is sliding with other children. Surusiulluni quviasunniuqatauvijjuaqquq tisuraqatiqaqpattuni surusirnit. 41 w3Dn3?l5gu5 wmv9Mw5 xu˙t9lQ5. He quickly turned around as if he did liallarittuni sila silaqqiqtukuluapik. Ulluriaq bwµÇl4 nJMs6ym6ƒpZi w2WQo6f6 not see anything pretending to stay imminut aggipalliavuq imarmut aggami- ryxi5bs6 µ8N s=?¬8•5 i9oMs6y- busy with his paddle which was fin- nit uasariaqtuquuqtuni. Atitsiup uumma- m8q9li sc3li ryxi Wo6S6 s9l- ished. Soon he heard the pebbles tinga tillirniqaviutiliqquq sukkaliviutiliq- Exj5 W8NNEx3li whmK6. ciz under Ulluriaq’s kamiik getting louder tuni ammalu ippigiliqtuni tulattavinniit- Xi5txo6f6 x7ml x{hD5tx6gi and louder as she came closer and tulimaat tusaajuinnauliriangita uumma- scChx[Z6f6 s9lExj9¬8•5 n8zZi. closer to the shore. Atitsi was sweat- tinganit. Asianut saasaatuinnaliqquq “wm6 s6hxFst5g6 b3Coic7m- ing. It sounded as if, she a few feet suurluli takkuittunga ammalu kisulirin- E5gi x0pyN8qM3o s9lEx2 ®Nzk5,” away, he finally heard splashing sounds nguasaaqtuni pijariiqsimajumit ipuutimit. xt5y wWix6©÷6gi sc6f6. of water from one of the many Asuillaa tusaaliqpuq nipiqquqtusivallia- “w7mcosN xt5y bsg5txD8•o6g6 puddles. He had never been this jumit Ulluriap kamingik ujaralaanut tuti- x∫b5txztg5,” s9lEx6 rsK6 nervous before but it was now or valuppattuuk qallivalliajuq imaup killinga- W8N/5gi. never to finally say something per- nut. Atitsi aukkanningatuinnaliqquq. xt5y dw6h6gi scoEK6, “i3os2 sonal with Ulluriaq. His mouth was Tusattasinnaliqtunilu imakallammit iWxlx WsFst4vlx3z5 s9lEx9o dry and it took extra effort to say irrusarvaluttumit imakallait amisuutil- iWz x0pc8q8iK6.” something without facing Ulluriaq. lugit. Taimaaraaluk sajulauqsimaqquuji- “xt5ysNcw gyMo6gD¬o3uJ6V” “The calm, still, and reflecting gani ippigiliqquq kisianittauq maanna s9lEx6 rsK6 xWEy8ˆ5. sea is nothing compared to the face uvvaluunniit nillilauqsimanngilluni of Ulluriaq,” he finally said in a piliqpuq. Uqarluni kisiani Ulluriamut choked voice. pinnanariarluni piliqpuq. Qaninga “XiZw8ˆ xato/6v, ∫8N “Perhaps Atitsi is losing his sight panittialiqquq ammalu assuruttiaqtuni like his grandfather,” Ulluriaq calmly uqarasuaggaqquq Ulluriamulluunniit xa5 xatsi3ui5 ho replied. saanngagani. bft5tQxc6t9lAV” With a forced cough, Atitsi said, “Imaq uqsuaviutittuq tarraliniqamma- “The call of the great loon at its best rittuni ajjisinanngilarli Ulluriap kiinan- “Is that my daughter with is nothing compared to the voice of ganut,” Atitsi ipiniaqtuujaaqtuni uqaqquq. Ulluriaq.” “Immaqaliuna Atitsi taututtiarunnii- a man who has yet to “Could it be that Atitsi is getting liqtuq ataatattiangatitut,” Ulluriaq kiuvuq prove himself?” deaf also?” answered Ulluriaq with pinnajattuni. a question. Atitsi quiqsuttuni uqalirivuq, “Nirliup “Panigainnaa “Perhaps Ulluriaq should go to nipialua piuviutikkaluarngat Ullurialli angutilijaqqa, taanna angut the hill with the children and if she nipinga ajjiqannginnivuq.” had any part of the qajaq, the stitches “Atitsiunaqai tusilaliqturuluulirmijuq?” angutiunirminit suli will break on Atitsi’s first hunt,” Atitsi Ulluriaq kiuvuq apirisinnaat. takutittigiaqaqtillugu?” spoke again, not wanting to be out- “Immaqauna Ulluriaq qaqqaliariaqa- spoken and hoping she took part in liqtuq surusirnit ilaqarluni ammalu qaja- the sewing. liuqataulauruvit, kakkitijaminiqtiqqai “w7mcsN s9lEx6 c6voxExco6- “Atitsi is not only blind and deaf kiluaqtilaaqtut Atitsiup angunasugiarn- g6 hDy3i5 wMc3li x7ml c/osc- but short of memory too. Ulluriaq gautinganit,” Atitsi uqalilaurivuq, akima- bsMsDF5, v4rt/ui6t6vw rlx6t- is older than Atitsi who does not jaujumagani niriuttunilu miqsuqatauju- ˜6g5 xt5ys2 xaNhQx3zstzi5,” deserve his first qajaq, especially when miniugianga Ulluriaq. xt5y scoMsEK6, xrm/sJmZi iE- Ulluriaq’s first stitches are right “Atitsiuna tautugunniiqquuliqtuq, tusi- s5gil u6hcbsJuisQxz s9lEx6. behind the entrance of the qajaq,” laliqpalliatuinnangittuq allaattaunguna “xt5ysN bsgA8•6ƒo6g6, gyM- softly replied Ulluriaq. suqquisuggaliqtuq. Ullurianguna ulluni o6X9oxgw8Nq5g6 x9˜5bsaN h6- Suddenly, a child on the hill qattikallanikkiaq Atitsimit angijuttiarjuk fwh[Zo6g6. s9lExaN s9li c5- shouted, “Atitsi is talking to Ulluriaq! immaqaliuna qajaqtaariatunngittuugaluaq tv9Mi4rx6 xt5yu5 xqJ5tx3J4 Atitsi likes Ulluriaq!” This been sivulliqpaanganit, piluaqtumit kakkitisi- w7mcosN c/6∫Exg8q5©Zlx6 heard by all except Silaqqiq, startled majakka qajaup paangata illuaniingaaq- yK9o6Xzi5, Wlx6gu5 v4rtym/4v Atitsi, who quickly grabbed a huge tillugit,” kiurajaappuq Ulluriaq. c/s2 Xzb w9lx•Ω6t9lQ5,” rock knowing he would never actually Tavvangassainarlu surusirmit qaigal- rsC÷2S6 s9lEx6. throw rocks at children but needing lattuqaqpuq qaqqamiittumit, “Atitsi b=?z{nwN3l hDy3u5 cwZ9M5gc6- to show his faked anger. The kids Ulluriarmit uqaqatilik! Atitsi Ulluriarmit S6 c6v¨5gu5, “xt5y s9lEx3u5 laughed and ran further, now all were piussaqtuq!” Tamanna kikkutuinnattia- sccto4¡ xt5y s9lEx3u5 Ws{n6- laughing and making fun of Atitsi. nut tusaqtauvuq Silaqqiq qaujjiittutuul- g6¡” bm8N r4fgw8N5txk5 gn6bsK6 Atitsi dropped the rock when a voice luni. Atitsi tusarami quaqsaammarippuq, 42 yM6r6 cs0π5g©9li. xt5y gnCu from the sea erupted, “Is that my ujarammit tigusilluni qaujimagaluaqtuni dx6n7mE2S6, s/C7u5 tAy9li csp- son with a woman?” cried his father milluriajjaanginnirmini. Tusaajut illara- mZlx6gi u9lEx0÷q8i3ui. gnJ5 with laughter. laliqqut tittigusuttuti Atitsimit. Atitsi w9MCMo6f5 t5tAh5gt xt5yu5. xt5y “Is that my daughter with a man ujarammit sakkussivuq nipimit imarmi- s/C7u5 n4f5tn6S6 iWu5 wm3¨Ω6- who has yet to prove himself?” ingaaqtumit tusarami, “Irnirainna arnal- gu5 gnCu, “w3iCw8ˆ x3No/6vV” Ulluriaq’s father replied. This time ijaqqa?” ataatanga qaigallappuq illattaralua. x∫bz cwZ9M2S6 w9M5bClx. all laughed including the women “Panigainnaa angutilijaqqa, taanna “XiZw8ˆ xato/6v, ∫8N xa5 who were all coming to the shore. angut angutiunirminit suli takutittigia- xatsi3ui5 ho bft5tQxc6t9lAV” Atitsi looked at Ulluriaq who qaqtillugu?” Ulluriap ataatanga kiuvuq. s9lEx2 x∫bz rsK6. bm3u5tx6 already was smiling at him. She was Ta marmittiaq aaliqput ilagiliutilluti ≈o6S5 wMQost9lt x3Nw5 wms2 his and it was official, just a matter arnait imaup sinaanganuuqpalliajut. yˆz˚6X9oxJ5. of time, he thought to himself. Atitsi qiviaqpuq Ulluriarmut, Ullu- xt5y eFx6S6 s9lEx3j5, s9l- “Atitsi! Go get your grandfather riarlu qungattuni taassumunga angum- Ex 3l dz5gi ∫{hjz xa7j5. x3N6 and tell him that his drum has done mut. Arnaq pigiliramiu qaujimanaq- WQoCus cspmN6yK6, cz5txa˜- its purpose before you are blinded by sivuq, qangattiangulaaliqpuq imminut o6S6 w7uk5 bwµ4 whmo6gi. Ulluriaq’s beauty!” commanded his taimaak isumaliqtuni. “xt5y, x∫b5tx5 scst/6goD4 father. Atitsi ran past Ulluriaq with a “Atitsi, ataatattiat uqautijaqtuliruk eMstz W0JtQ/zi5 W/E/c3m5 huge smile. “Yes,” he thought. “Yes!” qilautinga pijjutigijanganit pijarijaqarmat bsgA8•oMs8qi3i5 s9lEx2 Wsi- The men returned indeed with tautugunniililaunnginirnit Ulluriap piu- zk5¡” x∫bz scs0pK6. xt5y two butchered beluga neatly placed ninganut!” ataatanga uqaujjivuq. Atitsi ni6fy9li s9lExu5 s9M{yK6 dz- on their qajat and once again food saniqqusilluni Ulluriamit ullassivuq Fst5bClx. “Bsxπ,” whmK6. was plentiful. qungaviutittaralua. “Huajii,” isumavuq. “Bsxπ¡” “Huajii!” xa†5 stxK5 eMlZ6ym9lt ••• Angutiit utiavut qilalugaqsimalluti mar- m3Î8i4 wi/sym5tx6gt c/u8i5, ruunnik inijausimattiaqtuti qajaminnit, x{hi˜ iE/{n6bco6S6. “Atitsi! Aippaa! (Honey), Ulluriaq assunilaa nirijassaqtaqaliqpuq. softly woke up Atitsi who was asleep ••• on a sofa. “You had an appointment ••• with the nurse at 1:00. Your grandson “xt5y¡ xw2X4¡,” s9lEx6 gX6nwK6 has already warmed up the ski-doo. “Atitsi! Aippaak!” Ulluriaq tupaaqsaivuq xt5yu5 w{y?sbf∫7u5 yi5gu5. “≈8i- Here’s some tea. Were you up all Atitsimit issivautakutaammit sinittumit. xys6t bf/Exc3ixoCFs4 ye8a/6 night watching television again?” “Aanniasiuqti takujariaqarnialiraviuk !:))∆6v5. w3abw9o yr©u5 xgw8- asked Ulluriaq. siqinngujaq 1:00muuqqat. Irngutailli ND6nw?Œ3m5. x† sN †gD4. ≈y5 “All beautiful images on television sikituumit atuinnaruqsaivagiirngat. Atii s8kxoµÇl4 bMÏnoMsCÏ5V” s9lEx6 are nothing compared to the face of una tiituruk. Aasit unnualimaaraaluk xWEK6. Ulluriaq,” said Atitsi. talaviisalilauravit?” Ulluriaq apirivuq. “bMÏn4f5 n6r÷6X5g5 WsÔtxlw5 “Perhaps the glasses of Atitsi are “Talaviisakkut saqqijaaqpattut piujuu- s9lEx2 ®Nzi5 x9˜5 Ws8qi6ns7- no longer strong enough,” replied tialuit Ulluriap kiinanganit piunnginiq- uJ5,” xt5y sc6f6. Ulluriaq humbly. saummijut,” Atitsi uqaqquq. “w7mcsfx xt5ys2 w[Zq4 n8œl- “The beautiful sounds of accor- “Immaqaukua Atitsiup iggangik sanngii- xo6©4,” s9lEx6 sc6S6. dions and fiddles are nothing com- lualiqtuuk,” Ulluriaq uqaqpuq. “w8qD†5 x7ml xQxZw5 i0÷tx4- pared to the voice of Ulluriaq,” Atitsi “Inngirutiit ammalu agiagait nijjaatiak- vs5bClx3zb s9lEx9¬8•5 x9˜5 proudly said. kauttaraluarngata Ullurialluunniit allaat iWzi5 Ws8qi6nsQK5,” xt5y “Perhaps the batteries of the nipinganit piunnginiqsaugivut,” Atitsi scEK6 sWAhFst5gi. hearing aids of Atitsi are dying,” uqarivuq upigusuviutittuni. “sfxcw xt5ys2 gn0Jtqb Xb- Ulluriaq said. “Ukuaqai Atitsiup tusaajjutingita paa- øq5 gdo6©4,” s9lEx6 sc6gi. Atitsi, now at the age of 80 strug- taliingit tuquliqtuuk,” Ulluriaq uqaqtuni. xt5y, *)i5 x3ÇAcoCu mr[Zw8- gled to get up and needed the aid of Atitsi, 80nit arraaguqalirami makiggain- No6f6 wvJ6bsli ryxi koxuk5, his wife, Ulluriaq. He got up and gave naliqquq ikajuqtauluni kisiani nuliaminut, s9lExj5. xhw9˜ mr4vu koxi her a strong hug and a kiss when Ulluriamut. Asuillaa makikkami nuliani we2X fi5gis9l eMuDl9l w3abz suddenly one of his grandchildren iqippaa kunittuniullu qilamirulullu irngu- cwZ9M2S6, “bfQ5¡ xt5yDl4f4 s9lE- shouted. “Look! Old Atitsi and tanga qaigallappuq, “Takugit! Atitsiru- x4f4 fi5©4¡” xt5y4f4 s9lEx4f4 ß7- Ulluriaq are kissing!” Atitsi and lukkuk Ulluriakkuk kunittuuk!” Atitsikkuk mtgcDlq4 t9o3ico6Í4 eMsttg5 Ulluriaq’s old hearts pumped just Ulluriakkuk uummatituqarulungik xrxJtg5. like the Echoing Drum. tillirniqaliqpuuk qilautititut akiajutitut. 43 44 ≈8ixysDbs?8ifu•5

TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AANNIASIURUTAUVANNIKUMINIIT

sN gnDuN6g7mE4 W8NN6gil sc- This is a very interesting and valuable Una tusaruminaqtummarik pinnanaqtunilu oµZ3¨Ms6ymJ6 wk4t©u5 xs/6 reprint of an article that was in uqalimaagarmiilauqsimajuq Inuktituumit !(*$u5. ttCo6rQxgN7mE5g6 m4f5- INUKTITUT magazine in Summer aujaq 1984mit. Titiraliqqigiatunammarit- gw5 wkw5 s9lu cspmd9lQ5 x7ml of 1984. It is worth documenting again tuq makkuttuit Inuit ullumi qaujimaqullu- x©tcD8Nd9lQ5 W6fys?JJi5 ≈8i- for the younger generation of Inuit to git ammalu atuutiqarunnaqullugit piqqusiu- xys3i3j5. nwt Bws, ≈g¿usb6 know and abide by if necessary. Sadie vajujunit aanniasiurnirmit. Saiti Hiu, gnp\wk5t©zo6t5tp vt6hwMs6- Hill, Ottawa-based freelance inter- Aatuvaamiutaq tusaaji/inuttituungaliqtit- ymJ6 ∫4fiz cspm0Jti xW6hZ- preter/translator had compiled the tiji katiqsuilauqsimavuq taakkuninga qau- c6gi Wzhi5 r?9o3usbi5 wk8i5 information through phone interviews jimajjutini apiqsugaqalauqtuni pingasunit wkgc3i5: wsE4 xkw, BwxM8 Xs8N6 with three Kivalliq Inuk elders: Eric Kivallirmiutanit Inunnit inutuqarnit: Iurik ∫4fx x3Fx3us∫4 x7ml Cw5h9 x3N4- Anoee and Helen Pownuk of Arviat, Anui, Hialan Paunnaq taakkua Arviar- m5 t6 cmi5gx3usb6, kN5yx3u5. and Rachael Arngnakmaktiq of Baker miutaak ammalu Raitsul Arnakmattiq Lake, NT. Qamanittuarmiutaq, Nunatsiarmit.

wk8k5 W6fygcs?5gu•5 ≈8ixys3i4f5 sfiz W0Jtclx6f5 s?i scoµZ3- The traditional medicinal methods of Inunnut piqqusituqauvattuminiit aanni- u5: rFi6, xJx5, ro3i6, w7m8i6, the Inuit in this article concentrate asiurnikkut ukuninga pijjutiqaluaqqut h3l4f5 xs8i6, iEJmhw8i6, ßN3i6, in the areas of: drowning, boils, cuts, uvani uqalimaagarmit: imaarniq, ajuat, xu3l8i6, xND8Nwos6vi6, nsi4f5 infections, nose bleeds, loss of appe- kilirniq, immanniq, surlukkut aunniq, Nv8i6, w®5, ysyEi6, wp4f5 cf6- tite, treatment of high fever, impetigo, nirijumasuinniq, uunarniq, amirlunniq, t8i6 x7ml k?8i6. ≈8ixys3i3j5 constipation, fractured bones, bullet anarunnailiuqqaniq, sauniq nakanniq, W6fyE/w5 wk8k5 x0pŒ8q8icsEK5 wounds, treatment of ear infections, ikiit, siusiriniq, ijikkut qakuqtinniq xF5g6ymJ•8Ω3iq5 bf9lQ5. cataracts and treatment of colds. ammalu nuvanniq.

kNF7usb6 x3N6 bf6f0pK6 kNC3u5 ≈8ixysDbs˙u5 wkgcw5 vtmic6t9lQ5 vq6hJx3u5 !(*#u5. A Nunavik woman displays a medicinal plant at an Elders Conference in Wakeham Bay, 1983. Nunavimmiutaq arnaq takuqqujjivuq nunararmit aanniasiurutausuumit inutuqait katimaniqaqtillugit Kangiqsujuarmit 1983mit. 45 rFi6 The methods used for medicine vary Kiviniq among the Inuit according to their rN wu3u5 S?7∆pxclx6g6 cspm- regional habitats. Kina imirmit puvammuujiaqaluaqtuq A8•3li, vm0Jys?JJ6 bw{hmi rFv- qaujimajunniirluni, taissumani kamajju- n5gu5 s9luu5 x0pXlQ¿. rFvn8if Drowning siuvajujuq kivikasattumit ullumimit ajji- ˆ3 ui 5 X7m5tbs9li Net6bs?JK6 palugivaa. Kivikasanniku naarminit paam- uEx6tbsZh5gi wu3u5, s=?¬8•5 When a person had taken too much mattitaulluni naqitiqtauvajuvuq miriaq- water into his lungs and was uncon- N9M6tbs9li gkui5 Net6bs9li titaugasuttuni imirmit, uvvaluunniit nal- scious, what people did then was quite ˆ3 uA5 ci4f5 xi6tEtbsNhx6gi, laqtitaulluni tunuminit naqitiqtaulluni similar to what they do today. The bwµ4 x8ND¬/6XJK6 xi6tEo6gi naarmigut qanikkut aniqtirititaulira- rFvnMs6t9lA. person was placed on his stomach and pressed down to get him to start suaqpajuvuq, taimaak annaruluujaqpaju- vuq aniqtiriliqtuni kivikasalauqtillugu. xJx6 throwing up water, or was placed on his back and pressed on his stomach Ajuaq xJx3i5 vmi6 cspm÷a5tx6XJK6 while blowing air into the lungs. bw{hmi; gdbsC∫3iƒ2 xF8zs2 Usually the person would eventually come around. Ajuarnit kamaniq qaujimajaanguttiaqpa- xuz, xqtQic6gA xJx2 x7mJzg5 juvuq taissumani; tuqutaurataarnikuup w9oE/s?JK6 xJx3j5. bwµ4 W9lA Boils avinngaup aminga, angitiginiqaqtugu tyÔiz xJx2 xjx6bso6XJ7m5 ajuap ammajungatut, illirijauvajuvuq x7mJzA5, x7mJz xq9o9li xJx6 The treatment of boils in those days is ajuarmut. Taimaak pillugu tisijuuninga megw8No6gi W?JK6. xJx2 tyÔiz well known; freshly killed lemming ajuap amuaqtauliqpajummat ammajun- xixZw7m5 xJx6∫o6r2XJ8q5g6. skin, the size of where the opening ganut ajuaq maqituinnaliqtuni. Ajuap would be, was placed on the boil. tisijuuninga aniagaimmat ajuaqtaaliq- ro3i6 This was done because it drew the qippajunngittuq. hard part of the infection up closer u6fo7u5 WD6yx3u5 WD˙3u5 xs/4f5 to the surface and widened up the Kilirniq w9oE/s?JK5 ro3•5 m5gy6bsMsCi hole so it could be easily taken out. s=?¬8•5 bjx5gxu5 ro3i3j5 w9oE- When the hard part is taken out Miqqulimmit piruqsiarmit pirusuurmit /s?JK5 ro3i6 m5gy6bs9li g5gC- there is less chance of a re-infection. /j5 xu3j5. wkw5 w˜8i4f5 svø5 aujakkut illirijauvajuvut kilirniit mattu- xNq8i5 Xi6gi5 yd9lwMs6gt Cut siqtaulaurani uvvaluunniit tamuattuamit w9oE?JK5 m5g¥MsCt. bm4fx W6fy- kilirnirmut illirijauvajuvut kilirniq mat- s?JK5 x7ml ro3ii5 xsˆD•3Ôut5- A fungus-like powdery plant that tusiqtauliqtuni tutturajamut amirmut. t?J9lt. grows in the summertime was applied Ilaannikkut Inuit ukaliit ananginnit to the wound before the cut was paniqtunit siqulluilauqtuti illirivajuvut w7m{ymi6 bandaged up, or a whole leaf of mattusiilaurati. Tamakkua piqqusiuvaju- chewing tobacco was put on the cut vut ammalu kilirnirnit aunaarunniirju- w7m{ymJ6 sFi7u5 ci{nCw7m5 vW/s- before a thin layer of caribou skin was umitittivajulluti. gw8N6XJK6 u6f7j5 mgwEx6gA applied. Sometimes people would w7m{ymi6, meo6gil. vmQ/so6XJK6 apply arctic hare droppings that had Immassimaniq XiJw5©tQxo6gA mu=Fc5txd9lA, been crushed into powder before the cut was bandaged. This was done xg6gt uts2 s6hzi5 s=?¬8•5 Immassimaniq uvinimmit qanissaraim- because it prevented the cut from wms2 r9ozi kNcCwZu, N5†5 s6h- mat kapijautuinnaqpajuvuq miqqummut bleeding too much. zi5 xs{¥Ms6gt s6ht6XJ¿5 m5g- matuiriaqtugu immassimaniq, maqiliq- tunilu immassimaninga. Kamagijauliqpa- yo6gi0J. bwmw5gt w7m{ymis2 mez Infection xbo6XJ7m5 s6hj5 Xi6t5tisnA8•6- juvuq panijuittuutigialiqtugu mamivvi- gi w7m{ymizi5. If the infection was close enough to qattiaqullugu, atuqtuti mitiup uqsunganit the surface, a needle was used to open uvvaluunniit imaup killingani nunaqa- h3l4f5 xs8i6 up the infection and let the pus out. raigami, nattiit uqsunganit aussiilauqtuti It was then treated with anything uqsutiqpajuvaat mattusiliqtunijju. Tai- c9lˆ6bu5 csy3u5 ix∂2 gkhzk5 that would keep it from drying up maittuti immassimaniup maqinga ataliq- x7ml cszk5 w9oE?JK5 x7ml the wound too much while it was pajummat uqsumut paniqtittiniusagun- eM{y9lt eMD7u5 uroC3j5. healing, such as geese fat or, if they niiqtuni immassimaninganit. 46 iEJmhw8i6 lived near the coast, seal fat that had Surlukkut aunniq been liquefied first and the gristle vmQ/sZJw2XJK5 iEJmhw5g5 ryxi applied before the bandage. In that Qallunaaqtamit qausirmit niaquup tunu- çq6y?JK5 cimizi5. cimJ6 way the pus stuck to the gristle and sunganut ammalu qaunganut illirivajuvut w˜8i4f5 iEtbs?JK6 g5guis2 wN- it kept the wound from drying up ammalu qilassilluti qilarummit mikili- lxzi5 s=?¬8•5 ßymJu5 sostu5 too much as well. rarminut. iecˆÇ3J5gA. Nose Bleed Nirijumasuinniq ßN3i6 A cold wet cloth was applied to the Kamagijaugajuippajuvut nirijumasuittut i9o N6gu5 c9lˆ6bu5 w9oE?JK5 back of the head and the forehead, kisiani qaangiqsiivajuvut qanimaninganit. ixd6, dzy3l x7ml tus2 rxy- and the ring finger tied with a string. Qanimajuq ilaannikkut nirititauvajuvuq zk5 ßND8•3Ôut5t9lt. tuttuminiup inaluanganit uvvaluunniit Loss of Appetite uusimajumit uliutimit niqiqanaagalaat- xu3l4 tugu. There was really no way to treat loss xu3lw5 vmQ/s?JJ5 sxn6gA xu3- of appetite except to wait for the Uunarniq ¬iz w9oEo6gAl s6hu5, fu5b- sickness to pass. Sometimes the sick wom9lA X=Fo3ixq7m5. mu2X9oxoC- person would be fed caribou stomach Nillinaqtumit qallunaaqtamit illirivajuvut wZu, x¨/6X9oxo6gi x¨/6bsQ- lining, or cooked caribou sinew with niaqurmut, qungasirmut ammalu timiup xc6XJJ6. m5gy6bs?J7uJ6 xu3l4 a little bit of meat attached on to it. kiasinganut uunarunniirjuumitittiliqtuti.

rN ßmJ6guisZw7m5 w¬8Nt kN6vtŒ5 iEctŒ2XJK5 vg0pctŒ5gt. A successful hunt was always shared and had by all. Kina uumajuqtuminiugaimmat iluunnati nunaqqatigiit niriqatigiippajuvut katujjiqatigiittuti. 47 nl7mn6bsMs6t9lA svos2 xNq8i5 Treatment of High Fever Amirluk yd9l6bsymJi5 Xi6gi w9oEo6gA bwµ4 mez xjx6bs?J7m5 mu2X9- A cold wet cloth was applied to the Amirluit kamagijauvajujut uasaqtugu oxo6gi. head, the neck area and the upper part amirluuninga illiriliqtugulu uqsumit, of the body until the temperature kumittailimallugu pavvilirniangimmat. xND8Nwos6vi6 went down. Mamippallialiraigami, amiijaqpallialiq- tuni amiijaqtaugiaqaliqpajujuq. Mattu- s6h6 xs{yxaymJ6 w9oE/s?JK6 Impetigo siqtauvajummijuq amirluk salummasaq- xND8Nwos6vÔ2 xNzb tyizk5 taulauqtillugu ukaliup ananginnit siqul- bwµ4 yd9lwÔuZu xNExr8i6ns?- Impetigo was treated by soaking and luqtausimajunit paniqtuni illiriliqtugu o6XJ7m5. washing the sore and applying animal taimaak maqinga amuaqtauvajummat fat to it, being very careful not to rub piusaqsinaaqtugu. nsi4f5 Nv8i6 the sore to irritate it. As it started to heal, the crust that was peeling off Anarunnailiuqqaniq wk4 isq9oym2X5 bø9oym2X¬8•5, had to be removed. It could also be nsi6 wyFbsMs6gi wizk5 wo/- bandaged up to soak up the pus or Uqsuq aussiangusimajuq illirijauvajuvuq s?JK6. eCbJu5 tylx8q5gu5 wy- powdered arctic hare droppings could anarunnailiuqqajuup anangata tisininga- F0Jtc6tbs9li m5gy6bso6gi. w2W- be applied to the sore because they nut taimaak siqulluijuumigami anari- Q5txExc6XJK6 nsi6 w8iestymt- soaked up the pus much better. akinniqsauliqpajummat. bs5bwo9li x7ml sdmw{n6tbs0/- w6ym9li mu5txd9lA. Constipation Sauniq Nakanniq

w®5 Liquefied fat would be applied to the Inuk niungillisimappat taliillisimappalu- hardened stool and broken down unniit, sauniq isivitaulauqtuni, ininganut n4f ci{nÇz5 sFi7u5, w7mA8N3m5 so the person could start passing ilijauvajuvuq, qiratajumit tisiluanngittu- sFi9l xu9o?9oxA8N6gi. raixA5, stools easier. mit isivijjutiqaqtitaulluni mattusiqtau- w2W8ixic5txD8•t9lA n4f „6bs?- liqtuni. Ippigittiariaqaqpajuvuq sauniq JK6 x7ml wrsJ6 w2WQ/s5txo6gi Fractured Bones inniqiutisimatitauttaililluni ammalu Xilx0/w6ymtbs9li. uqumaissaqtitaujjaiqsimalluni nakasi- If a person had a broken leg or arm, maninga mamittiaqullugu. ysyEi6 the bone was first stretched out and put into place, then wrapped with Ikiit ysyEJc6t9lA ysts2 h9lf∫z tn- anything that was stiff as long as it wzJj5 wu3u5 w3Dn6bs?JK6, wu6 was not too hard. Care had to be Sakku qanissaraangat uvinimmit, imma- ßNlx0/w6ymtbs9li, c9lˆ6bj5 taken that the broken bones did not gunnarmat uvinillu amillivalliagunnaq- megw8No6gi W?JK5 yst xM4vs- overlap and that weight was not put tuni. Kinguniagut, ippinnianiqattiarun- mJ 4f5 SF8qgxCu. on it before it healed. niitillugu sakku piiqtauvajuvuq ammalu ikiujuq ippigijauttialiqtuni paniluajjaiq- simatitaulluni.

Siusiriniq

Siusirijuqaqtillugu siutiup sullukutaanga tisaingajumut imirmit irrusaqtauvajuvuq, imiq uunaluajjaiqsimatitaullunit, maqituinnaliqtuni qallunaaqtamut pivajuvuq siuti alakkaumajukkut puvinngituarami.

Ijikkut Qakuqtinniq

Qakuqtaq ijiup qaanganiituinnatillugu, inuup kumanganut nujamut qilattausi- malluni pisurajattitaulluni piusaivajuvuq ijimmit. Ijiullu qakuqtanga piiqtaujunnaq- pajugivuq tingisuuruqpalliajut kumangin- 48 wp4f5 cf6t8i6 Bullet Wounds nut tisiniqsagalaummat attuqtugit piijai- junnaqtutillu ijiup qakuqtanginnit, uvva- cf6b6 wps2 çz•gw8Nt9lA, w˚2 If the bullet was close to the surface, luunniit inuup nujanginnit imusimajunit fmzk5 k/j5 eM5bsym9li WhC/5t- it could become infected and the skin aturunnaqpajugivut piijaitigijaulluti. bs9li Wsnw?JK6 wp7u5. wps9l would start getting thinner. Later Asiattauq taima atuqtauvajummijuq cf6bz „6bsJ8N6XJQK6 tq˙D6- on, when it became numb to the uusimajunit saunirnit siqulluisimalluti X9oxJ5 fm8k5 tyi6nZMs7m5 xg6gQ5 touch, the bullet could be removed, ijimut illirijaulluni, nipippajummat „/wJ8N6gt9l wps2 cf6bq8i5 the wound had to be treated so it ijimut taimaallu piiqsijunnatiaqpajulluni s=?¬8•5 w˚2 k/q8i5 wjymJi5 would not become too dried out. ijiup qakuqtangannit iluittuullugu. xgD8N6XJK5 „/wtQ/s9lt. xyx5bs6 bwm xg6bs?J7uJ6 ßymJi5 nsi3i5 Treatment of Ear Infection Nuvanniq yd9lwym9lt wpj5 w9oE/s9li, iW2- XJ7m5 wpj5 bwµ9l „6yJ8Ntx6XJ9- The infected ear was treated by Nuvattumit kamalluni qaujimagiatunaq- li wps2 cf6bz8i5 wlw5©9lA. flushing the ear canal with warm pajugivuq nuvattuq kiakkiqtumit aukkan- water, making sure it was not too ningaqullugu. Puvamigut nuvaqaluaruni k?8i6 hot and, if it was running, it was piijarunnanngitaminit, nillijuumiqujau- soaked up with a cloth as long as the vajuvuq taimaak nuvaijaigunnarjuumi- k?5gu5 vm9li cspmQxgN6XJK6 ear was not swollen on the outside junnaqpajummat, pattallaajaullunilu rx4r6g¨d9lA xs4v8izix3z5. S?- as well. tunumigut nipiijjaaqtauvajuvut nuvait uA5 k?clxDi „/D8N8qbui5 i9oÔ- puvanginniittut piijaijunnasillunilu ud/s?JK6 bwµ4 k?w/wA8N3ÔuJ8- Cataracts nuvamminit. N6XJ7m5, X5b9˜/s9lil gkuA5 iW8zJ8•6gt k?w5 S?q8i5 If the white stuff was only on the „/wJ8Ny9li k?7ui5. outside, it was removed by human lice tied to hair and made to walk around on the eye. It was also removed with warble fly larvae because they are rougher to the touch and will pick up the white stuff, or rolled up human hair was sometimes used instead. Another treatment we also used in which a powder made from cooked bones was applied to the eye. It stuck to the cataract and could be removed from the eye with the cataract in tact.

Treatment of Colds

The only treatment of colds was to make sure the person who was ill was warm enough when he was sweating. If he had too much mucus in his lungs that he could not cough up, he was told to try and cool off, because it then became easier to cough up the mucus, and he was patted on the back hard enough to loosen up the mucus so that he could cough it up and out.

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Matthew Lougheed was one of our keen and productive summer students in 1997. Thank you Matthew for your contributions and we wish you and all the many other students across the Arctic well with your studies in the following year. Keep in touch! 51 UQAUSIRNIT QINIRNIQ Sanajuq Maatiu Laahiit

ikpavnusaqissumiqa tguqaj jatakigmqarg vatstui tumikpIismp tqqvklgIsulat lngiu apuanunartrjlirujq ni lgarnkl i jumjajki gnl kunv ippmq a k s t a n anikgiuvqimt j i sutn kqqi s s t iunsur t i tuu kinnanaqtut i lttqjs uisqniasuqnnmuaaja qa j aqtvpi i t ins tnin l urqimgpuklql ipanu uiqgrqur lnjurntnig pginutuqaqmsvrmnqn vivmpqisuqq i l inipa tuinIrstviktklspgv avajununa l i kqqmjq i

angakkuq Inuk nuna qulliq angunasutti inuksuk nunalik sannginiq ikajuqtuiniq inutuqaq pinnanaqtut sivuliuqti iliqqusiq irnisutti qajaq tatissarniq illumiuqatigiit katajjaq qamuti tupiq Inuit katujjiniq qimussiq unaaq

Maatiu Laahiit upirngaamit iqqanaijaqtigiqasiutilauqtavut iligumaniqattiaqtuni pijariijattiapattunilu 1997mit. Qujannamiik Maatiu tunirrutigilauqtannut ammalu ilinnit ilinniattiaqujigivugut ammalu asigalaaluttit ilinniaqtiit ilinnianarmut tikiujjautillusi. Qaujikkautiqattarit uvattinnut! 52 Inside Back Cover