GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES
GROUND, AIR AND OFFSHORE SURVEYS WWW.RAMBOLL.COM/GEOPHYSICS PDAC 2019 Meet us at Booth #413-415 GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS
GEOPHYSICAL “TOOLBOX”
MAG MOBILE 3D GPR Metaldetector LASER SCAN DUAL-EM (GCM)- SLINGRAM PACES
0-3m 0-3m Surface Electric conductivity 0-10m Electric resistivity 0-30m
2D GPR MASW VSP TTEM ERT
Geology 0-30m S-Velocity0-40m P/S Velocity 0-100m 5-65m Electric resistivity 0-120m
REFRACTION SEISMIC NMR Depth of investigation Depth of investigation SKYTEM
Depth to Bedrock 0-120m Water Content 0-120m
Geophysical TDEM SEISMIC REFLECTION Borehole Logging
Acoustic Velocity 30-100m Various parameters Electric conductivity 5-500m 0-1500m
2 GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL
Geophysical measurements comprises different non-destructive methods to measure various parameters of the soil or terrain. The meassurements can be carried out on the ground, in the air, on the water or in boreholes.
Ramboll has conducted geophysical measurements for more than 25 years on various projects regarding:
• Infrastructure • Environmental assessments • Mining • Oil and gas • Offshore constructions (wind farms, cables, harbours etc.)
Ramboll is today Scandinavia's largest geophysical consultant outside the offshore and oil/gas industry.
Ramboll use and master a variety of methods, which means that we have the best opportunities to advise on the best method to be used for the various purposes.
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL 3 GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL
Geophysical borehole logging
Seismic surveys: • Reflection and Refraction Seismic • Shear and Surface Wave • Borehole seismic (VSP)/Crosshole • Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL)
Electric and electromagnetic methods
Georadar, Metal detector, Magnetometer Malmö Citytunnel Holma TBM Starting wall
Laserscanning
Magnetic Resonance Sounding (NMR/MRS)
Marine surveys: • Hydrographic surveys • Seismic surveys – SBP • Side scan sonar and magnetometer • Cable tracking
Malmö Citytunnel. Cored 146mm borehole. Broyzoan limestone
4 GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL
BOREHOLE LOGGING & SEISMIC OFFSHORE MEASUREMENTS GEORADAR & MAGNETIC Logging Truck Storstrommen Brigde 2014 GPR 100MHz
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTROMAGNETIC METHODS SEISMIC SURVEYS Slingram 6m depth SkyTEM Seismic profiles in 3D Landstreamer seismic All examples in this presentation are from Ramboll projects
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL 5 GEOPHYSICAL BOREHOLE LOGGING
GEOPHYSICAL BOREHOLE LOGGING
25.3
Kiruna
25.4
Logging sondes
25.5
Virtual core (3D caliper) from acoustical televiewer with re- sults from optical televiewer Optical Televiewer Borehole Forsmark SKB folded around wall 360 degree
6 GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL GEOPHYSICAL BOREHOLE LOGGING
GEOPHYSICAL BOREHOLE LOGGING - LOGS
A great advantage of borehole logging compared to core measurements, it gives a more complete continuous series of undisturbed measurements, no missing sections! Additionally it is much faster and cheaper!
Ramboll services includes: Geological interpretation, Hydrogeology, Physical properties, Elastic parameters, Fissure zones, Log stratigraphy, Optical televiewer – virtual core, Acoustic televiewer, Deviation measurements
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL 7 GEOPHYSICAL BOREHOLE LOGGING
GEOPHYSICAL BOREHOLE LOGGING - FLOWLOGS
<- The black curve is showing the water inflow, before ce- menting the uppermost part of the borehole. The red/blue curve is the results after the cementing.
On the background of app. 15 flowlogs, it could be documented that there would be a significant reduction in water-inflow, if the upper most part of the formation were grouted.
Example from Malmö harbour and Malmö Citytunnel
8 GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL GEOPHYSICAL BOREHOLE LOGGING
GEOPHYSICAL BOREHOLE LOGGING - TELEVIEWERS
Acoustic Optical Core Fracture dip/azimuth Induration Fissures
Example of fracture analysis, comparing the core with results form logging with acoustical- and optical televiewer logs. Cityringen in Copenhagen
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL 9 BOREHOLE SEISMIC – VSP - FORMATION PARAMETERS
VSP fieldwork on Borehole Seismic - Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) Bermuda The dynamic parameters of the formation: G – Module, Young and Poisson ratio; can be calculated using the measured densi- ty and Shear (S-wave) and P-wave velocity of the formation.
For landstreamer seismic the VSP measurement is typical done using a Hydrophone cable with 20 hydrophones which is lowered into the borehole. The source is typical the seismic vibrator.
10 GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL CROSSHOLE SONIC LOGGING - CSL
CROSSHOLE SONIC LOGGING (CSL)
Variations in the concrete in deep foundation piles and concrete walls can be deter- mined). Prompted by industry demand for a method to test the structural integrity of concrete in foundation piles Ramboll has invested in the SCXT3000 crosshole sonic logging system.
VIBRATION MEASUREMENT WITH SEISMIC VIBRATOR
MiniVib 3.5 tons seismic vibrator for estimation of vibration level. Sweeps between 10-350 Hz
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL 11 SUBSURFACE MAPPING WITH SEISMIC INVESTIGATIONS
SEISMIC METHODS
Mapping of overburden, delineation of ore depos- its, structures and faults in bedrock.
Ramboll offers a comprehensive suite of seismic methods:
Land streamer vibroseis – pioneered by Ramboll. High resolu- tion shallow reflection seismic primarily performed on all types of roads. As well as off-road - depending on conditions.
2D reflection P & S-wave surveys: High resolution surveys with up to 120 channels, utilizing different sources: minivib (10- 500Hz), explosives, accelerated weight drop or hammer.
Refraction surveys: Mapping of top of bedrock both land- and marine survey
Surface Waves surveys: Very shallow (0-50m), mapping of overburden, calculation of geotechnical dynamic parameters
Borehole seismics: VSP or cross-hole tomography, calculation of seismic velocities, Crosshole Sonic Logging
Marinstreamer – Multichannel seismic: High resolution shallow offshore reflection seismic
Isua Greenland
12 GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL REFRACTION SEISMIC - DEPTH TO BEDROCK
Onshore Offshore (marine)
PEG-40 Hammer
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL 13 SUBSURFACE MAPPING WITH SEISMIC INVESTIGATIONS
REFLECTION SEISMIC – LANDSTREAMER VIBROSEIS
The Hermitage Palace Dyrehaven north of Copenhagen IVI Vibrator 3.5 t Geophones
Sand/gravel groundwater reservoir Example of land steamer reflection seismic recorded on road. The profile is 5km long and app 1km high. The purpose with the survey was to find sand/gravel struc- tures which can be potential groundwater reservoirs.
App. 1000m deep
Example from south Jutland in Denmark.
14 GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL SUBSURFACE MAPPING WITH SEISMIC INVESTIGATIONS
REFLECTION SEISMIC - CARLSBERG FAULT
LEGEND
Top Bryozoan limestone Top Chalck Fault Start of drag from fault
Example of why it is a good idea to measure deeper than depth of construction. The fault (red lines) is 300m deep and can clearly be seen on the data. This would not had been seen if the investigation had only gone to the construction depth of 40-50m. Recorded in 4 hours with crew of only 2 Ørestad Copenhagen.
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL 15 REFLECTION SEISMIC – REFRACTION ANALYSIS Recorded on roads in Copenhagen and Helsingborg
The depth to limestone is interpreted to follow the 2500m/s line. Copenhagen centrum
Limestone depth
Tomographic Refraction analysis, first arrivel picking from landsstreamer seismic
Sand - and shalestone Helsingborg Sweden. Interpreted faults and structures. All profiles (roads) shown in 3D plot 4km long 2km wide
16 GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL SURFACE WAVES – MASW AND S-WAVE REFLECTION Formation parameters
The Shear wave velocity soundings used for geotechnical calculations overlaying a Shear (S) wave reflection profile. The example is from the port to the Storebælts tunnel in Denmark.
Geological profiles after interpretation of the sand structures. The original boreholes was not deep enough to reach the depth of the sand reservoir. The investigations resulted in new deeper boreholes to verify the results from the seismic data.
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL 17 GEOPHYSICS – SURFACE AND AIRBORNE METHODS
Resistivity - ERT/PACES/DualEM: Mapping of overburden and/or shallow targets in the bedrock
Electromagnetic - TEM: Mapping of low resistivity zones and mineralisa- tion’s
Airborne method - SkyTEM: Regional mapping
Ground penetration radar - GPR: Mapping of top of bedrock and shallow targets in the bedrock
Gravimetric/Magnetometer: Regional mapping of structural features, high den- sity ores or magnetic material
18 GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL SERVICES FOR THE MINING INDUSTRY Integrated Consultancy Services
WWW.RAMBOLL.COM
SERVICES FOR THE MINING INDUSTRY 1 SERVICES FOR THE MINING INDUSTRY Sustainable solutions for the mine lifecycle
OUR EXPERTISE Ramboll works closely with mining clients to manage their most demanding environmental and social challenges and practical solutions for our clients’ most pressing issues.
We understand that mining is an industry of relationships, opportunity and obstacles, of upturns and down-turns. Success in this highly cyclical landscape requires knowledge, extensive technical skill, strategy and science.
Our integrated engineering and environmental services cover all phases of the mine life. Our global network of experts support clients ranging Our innovative new technology, SiteSee, offers from some of the world’s largest mining companies to startups and clients a better understanding of a mine site through private ventures in remote areas of the world, including Myanmar, image analytics and machine learning, enabling more Suriname and north of the Arctic Circle. informed decision making. For more information about SiteSee, visit:
www.sitesee-ramboll.com
FROM LEFT Master plan for the restoration of abandoned mines in the Guizhou Province, China. Limnological baseline studies in a clear water lake in Greenland. Geophysical explorations in ISUA, Greenland.
2 SERVICES FOR THE MINING INDUSTRY SERVICES FOR THE MINING INDUSTRY Main areas of expertise PROPECTION ESTABLISHING CLOSING • Work plan • Infrastrucure • Mine closure planning • Geophysical investigations • Dam construction and dam safety • Remediation plans • Geotechnical investigations • Energy production • Decommissioning • Geology and rock mechanics • Water and waste management • Stakeholder engagement and • Concessions and permits • Tailings storages facilities and authority liaison clarification ponds • Tailings storages facilities and PLANNING clarification ponds • Hydrology and hydrogeology OPERATION • Baseline studies • Water and waste management • Master planning • Environmental and social • Environmental due diligence and • International Cyanide Management corporate social responsibility Code (ICMC) certification • Logistic studies • Dischange control • Environmental and social baseline • Air quality and meteorological management • Environmental and social assessments (ESIA) • Ecosystem services analysis FROM LEFT GPR survey – Faroe Island Luossajoki – Sweden Dam instrumentation - Boden Swe Pyhäsalmi mine – Finland Tailings dam – Kittilä Finland Nautanen mine site - Sweden
SERVICES FOR THE MINING INDUSTRY 3 SERVICES FOR THE MINING INDUSTRY
RAMBOLL CONTACT
Ramboll, including OBG, is a leading engineering, design and consultancy company employing more than 15,000 experts in the Nordics, North and South America, the UK, Continental Europe, Middle East and India, supplemented by a significant representation in Asia, Australia, South America and Sub-Saharan Africa. We constantly strive to achieve inspiring and exacting solutions that make a genuine difference to our customers, end- users and society as a whole.
www.ramboll.com
4 SERVICES FOR THE MINING INDUSTRY ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY (ERT)
RESISTIVITY - GEOELECTRICAL PROFILING – ERT/IP
Method for mapping of geological structures down to depth between 25 - 120m (depending of the field setup).
ERT MARINE - CABLES ON SEABOTTOM
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL 19 RESISTIVITY - GEOELECTRICAL PROFILING – PACES
Near surface resistivity mapping of a large area. App. 15km profile lines pr. day, survey depth 25m.
20 GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL TDEM SURVEYS
RESISTIVITY - WALKTEM – TDEM SOUNDING
High shallow resolution combined with very deep pentration
Thomsen et al. 2004
Data from 518 boreholes Data from 518 boreholes and 1400 TDEM soundings
Aquifer boundary delineation
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL 21 SKYTEM
RESISTIVITY – HELICOPTER EM - SKYTEM
Result, map showing variations in resistivity, used to interpret the presence of water aquifers (high resistivity - red color)
Receiver
Transmitter loop
Resistivity mapping of a large area and along infrastructure (pipeline, roads). Survey speed up TDEM DELINEATION to 150km/h. Survey depth up to more than 500m. OF GROUNDWATER SALINITY
Salt – fresh water interaction in a coastal environment 320 line km of near shore Skytem survey with a 100m line spacing
22 GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL CONTINUOUS SURVEYING - DUALEM-421S
RESISTIVITY - ELECTROMAGNETIC – DUALEM
Measured data
Geophysical interpretation
Geological/geotechnical interpretation
Near surface resistivity mapping of a large area. Recording speed 10km/h, survey depth app. 6m
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL 23 MAGNETIC RESONANCE SOUNDING (MRS)
NMR/MRS – MAGNETIC RESONANCE SOUNDING Method to find groundwater aquifer before drilling 0 - 120m
RESISTIVITY - ELECTROMAGNETIC - SLINGRAM
Slingram - Simple method for finding peat and other soft layer in a area down to app. 5m
24 GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL 3D GPR ROADS
3D GROUND PENETRATION RADAR (GPR) Multiple possibilities for utilization – Roads, bridges, runways, tunnels
Road survey speed 70km/h Cart for small area and indoor Concrete tunnel Rail survey speed 70km/h
Svalbard airport – 80 cm of asphalt thickness Asphalt thickness
Road collaps Concreate bridges Moisture - armouring
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL 25 3D GPR UTILITIES
3D GROUND PENETRATION RADAR (GPR) Screening for possibilities for utilization and archaeological remains
Vojens heating 3D GPR ARCHAEOLOGY
Setup with ATV for larger areas
Lund Cathedral, Sweeden Borgerby Castle, Sweeden Rispebjerg viking ring fortress, Bornholm
26 GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL GROUND PENETRATION RADAR - DEPTH TO BEDROCK
Depth to bedrock:
• The depth to the bedrock on Bog “Myr”
• 50 MHz and 100 MHz antenna with a estimat- ed penetration up to 20 m
• Results: Depth Map
GPR profile with interpretations
Andmyran Norway
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL 27 GPR AND REFLECTION SEISMIC - DEPTH TO BEDROCK
Mapping the thickness of the Inland ice in Greenland using:
• Georadar 40, 80 and 200 MHz with a esti- mated penetration of up to 400 m • Reflection seismic GPR
Seismic. 2km Long, 400m Deep
Mount Isua Greenland
28 GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL GROUND MAGNETIC SURVEYS FOR MINERAL EXPLORATION
GROUND MAGNETIC SURVEY Potassium GEM GSMP35
Caesium Geometrics G859A
Proton GEM GSM-19TW
Total magnetic field grid GRAVIMETRIC SURVEY
Gravity data. Bouguer amomaly Scintrex CG-3M (left)
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL 29 ELEKTROMAGNETIC METAL DETECTOR
ELECTROMAGNETIC METAL DETECTOR – EM61/EMD
Landfield area. Border recorded (red metal/green no metal) Old Military shooting field. Spikes are potential buried UXO
The metal detector is used for control of the cleaning of old military fields, e.g. for placing of boreholes in the area. Another use is finding oil tanks on petrol stations and buried metal objects in fields GRADIOMETER AND MAGNETOMETER SURVEY
Gradiometer Magnetometer anomalies Metal detector anomalies
30 GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL LASER SCANNING - MOBILE - ON ROAD, RAIL AND SEA
Laser scanning on rail for check of installation and free high.
Copenhagen – Høje Taastrup
Bike tracks Laser scanning and blue spot analysis
Laser Waterlevel Multibeam
Laser scanning of harbour con- Bing Map Laser Multibeam struction measured from boat
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL 31 MARINE GEOPHYSICS
MARINE GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS
Ramboll has specialised in providing high quality marine geophysical investigations. Our services comprises acquisition, processing and experienced interpretation of Multibeam, Backscatter, Side Scan Sonar, Magnetometer, Single and Multichannel seismic. DATASET OF IDENTIFIED BATHYMETRY WRECK
Bathymetric Dredging disposal site Harbour entrance SIDE SCAN SONAR SINGLE- AND MULTI-CHANNEL SEISMIC
Side Scan Sonar Sand ripples to fine sediment Multichannel seicmic section, Sparker source, depth app.300m
32 GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL MARINE GEOPHYSICS
MARINE GEOPHYSIC SURVEYS - SUB- AND SEABED
MAGNETOMETER BATHYMETRY SEABED CLASSIFICATION & OBJECTS
Bridge trace
Survey lines & Magnetic Objects Depth to seabed New Storstrommen Brigde 2014 EASY MOBILISATION REFRACTION- AND MULTICHANNEL SEISMIC
Survey vessel Geological model - Depth limestone
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL 33 CABLE AND PIPE TRACKING
CABLE AND PIPE TRACKING – ON- AND OFFSHORE
This survey type provides confirmation of the position of existing cables buried in the seabed or beach and information of the seabed conditions using Electromagnetic geophysical instruments, Multibeam and Side Scan Sonar all mounted on ROV
ROV Crawler Cable - not buried Cable trench 3D Georadar
Orion Cable and Pipeline tracker
34 GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL MARINE - GEOPHYSICAL ”TOOLBOX”
SINGLEBEAM MULTIBEAM MAG SIDESCAN CABLE AND PIPE TRACKING
Bathymetry sea- Bathymetry seabed surface 0-3m Seabed surface bed lines
SBP - SEISMIC ERT - SEABED CABLE
Depth to Bedrock 0-120m Water Content 0-120m REFRACTION SEISMIC SEISMIC REFLECTION Depth of investigation Depth of investigation
Depth to Bedrock, 0–120m Acoustic Velocity 30-300m Buried cable depth, 0–5m
GEOPHYSICAL SERVICES IN RAMBOLL 35 RAMBOLL’S GEOGRAPHICAL FOOTPRINT
13,000 EMPLOYEES 35 COUNTRIES 300 OFFICES
Further information: Uffe T. Nielsen Henrik Ekkert Sabra Max Halkjær Rune Jørgensen Kristoffer Vrang Project Director Innovation and Technology Manager Market Manager Chief Project Manager Head of Department Ramboll Denmark Ramboll Denmark Ramboll Denmark Ramboll Denmark Ramboll Denmark Phone +45 5161 6782 Phone +45 5161 1559 Phone +45 5161 2960 Phone +45 5161 6659 Phone +45 5161 6767 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
WWW.RAMBOLL.COM/GEOPHYSICS