Fairfield County Community Wellbeing Index 2016 Indicators of Social Progress, Economic Opportunity, and Population Well-Being in Fairfield County Neighborhoods
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RANKINGS Fairfield County POPULATION Community HOUSEHOLDS Wellbeing Index 2016 HEALTH OUTCOMES Indicators of social progress, economic opportunity, and population well-being in Fairfield County neighborhoods SUBSTANCE ABUSE CIVIC LIFE HEALTH CARE ECONOMY EARLY CARE EDUCATION A CORE PROGRAM OF In partnership with Fairfield County’s Community Foundation and a Community Health Needs Assessment for the towns served by Bridgeport Hospital, Danbury Hospital, Greenwich Hospital, Norwalk Hospital, St. Vincent’s Medical Center, and Stamford Hospital Fairfield County Community Wellbeing Index 2016 Indicators of social progress, economic opportunity, and population well-being in Fairfield County neighborhoods Major Funders 2015 DataHaven Community Wellbeing Survey Funders The Fairfield County Community Wellbeing Index makes extensive use of the DataHaven Community Wellbeing Survey, which completed in-depth interviews with 16,219 randomly-selected adults in Connecticut last year. In addition to the major funders listed above, supporters of the survey’s interviews with 4,962 adults in Fairfield County included the Greater Bridgeport Primary Care Action Group, United Way of Coastal Fairfield County, City of Norwalk Health Department, Connecticut Health Foundation, Connecticut Housing Finance Authority, and Valley Community Foundation, among others. Please see ctdatahaven.org for a complete list of statewide partners and funders. Lead Authors Mark Abraham, Executive Director, DataHaven Mary Buchanan, Project Manager, DataHaven Co-authors and Contributors Ari Anisfeld, Aparna Nathan, Camille Seaberry, and Emma Zehner, DataHaven Amanda Durante and Fawatih Mohamed, University of Connecticut Health Center Linda F Cantley, Deron Galusha, and Baylah Tessier-Sherman, Yale Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, Yale School of Medicine Don Levy and Meghann Crawford, Siena College Research Institute Connecticut Hospital Association ChimeData Cyd Oppenheimer, Consultant Brian Slattery, Consultant Jeannette Ickovics, Yale School of Public Health Nancy Von Euler, January Reissman, and Karen Brown, Fairfield County’s Community Foundation Design by KUDOS Design Collaboratory™: John Kudos, Creative Direction, Ashley Wu, Production Design Please contact DataHaven for permission to reproduce any of the text, images, or graphics in this report. We strongly encourage requests from organizations that wish to use this information or conduct further analysis to benefit community action. Contact information is listed on the back of the report. Nothing in this report should be interpreted to represent the official views of any of the participating organizations. Abraham, Mark and Mary Buchanan. (2016). Fairfield County Community Wellbeing Index. New Haven, CT: DataHaven. Available at ctdatahaven.org. Contents 1 Introduction 2 INDICATORS IN THIS REPORT 2 ABOUT THE DOCUMENT 4 MEASURING HOW COMMUNITIES SHAPE WELL-BEING 5 STATE RANKINGS 8 2 A Changing Region 9 THE FAIRFIELD COUNTY POPULATION 9 HOUSEHOLDS AND INCOME IN FAIRFIELD COUNTY 17 3 A Healthy Region 22 HEALTH OUTCOMES 24 SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND MENTAL HEALTH 36 ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE 39 4 A Region of Opportunity 41 EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH 44 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY IN FAIRFIELD COUNTY 53 COMMUNITY LIFE, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT 60 5 Conclusion & Endnotes 67 CONCLUSION 67 A COMMUNITY INDICATORS APPROACH 68 ENDNOTES 68 DataHaven Fairfield County Community Wellbeing Index 2 Indicators in this Report RANKINGS IN HEALTH FAIRFIELD COUNTY OUTCOMES 1.1 Personal Wellbeing Index and 3.1 Fairfield County Trends Community Index 3.2 Well-Being and Chronic Disease 1.2 Community Index Components Risk Factors Data Values 3.3 Infant Health Indicators 1.3 State Rankings 3.4 Leading Causes of Death THE FAIRFIELD 3.5 Causes of Premature Death COUNTY POPULATION 3.6 Heart Disease, Hospital Inpatient Encounters 2.1 Population and Growth in Fairfield County 3.7 Heart Disease & Lung Cancer Inpatient Encounters by Age 2.2 The Changing Age Structure of Fairfield County 3.8 Nutrition, Obesity, and Diabetes 2.3 Race and Ethnicity in Fairfield County 3.9 Diabetes, All Hospital Encounters 2.4 Fairfield County’s Foreign- 3.10 Injury Mortality by Type Born Population 3.11 Homicide and Purposeful Injury, 2.5 Characteristics of Immigrants in All Hospital Encounters Fairfield County 3.12 Childhood Asthma, All Hospital Encounters HOUSEHOLDS & INCOME IN FAIRFIELD COUNTY 3.13 Selected Infectious Diseases 2.6 The Changing Household Structure of Fairfield County SUBSTANCE ABUSE & MENTAL HEALTH 2.7 Income and Income Inequality in Fairfield County 3.14 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 2.8 Growing Neighborhood Income Inequality in Fairfield County 3.15 Substance Abuse, All Hospital Encounters 2.9 The Low-Income Population in Fairfield County 2.10 Housing Cost Burden in Fairfield County 2.11 Characteristics of Fairfield County Households 3 ACCESS TO ECONOMIC HEALTH CARE OPPORTUNITY 3.16 Preventable Dental Conditions, 4.13 Movement of Low-Income Workers Hospital ED Encounters (Salary < $40,000) 3.17 Health Care Access 4.14 Movement of High-Income Workers (Salary > $40,000) EARLY CARE 4.15 Financial Security and & EDUCATION Underemployment 4.1 Working Parents, 2000–2014 4.16 Jobs and Wage Trends by Sector, 2000–14 4.2 Availability of Childcare and Education in Fairfield County, 2014 4.17 Changing Industry Footprints 4.3 Affordability of Childcare for Families 4.18 Educational Attainment 4.4 Availability of Childcare and Education Subsidies in Fairfield County, 2014 COMMUNITY LIFE, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT 4.5 Preschool Enrollment in Fairfield County, 2014 4.19 Municipal Financial Capacity in Fairfield County EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES 4.20 Perceived Access and Use of FOR CHILDREN & YOUTH Community Resources 4.6 Race and Ethnicity of Fairfield County 4.21 Perceived Community Cohesion Students, 2014–15 4.22 Voter Turnout in Fairfield County 4.7 High-Needs Students 4.23 Civic Engagement and Government 4.8 Academic Achievement in Fairfield County Schools 4.9 The Opportunity Gap Impacts Achievement at Fairfield County Schools 4.10 Higher Education of Fairfield County Students 4.11 Opportunity Youth in Fairfield County, 2014 4.12 Opportunities for Young People in Fairfield County DataHaven Fairfield County Community Wellbeing Index 4 CHAPTER 1 and prioritizing qualitative aspects of a community, such as perceptions of safety, certain environmental factors, access to community resources, and general optimism about the future. Introduction At DataHaven, we believe that good data can propel community action. We look for numbers that can inform policy and stay relevant to the general public. More public data are available now than ever before, and in this report, our goal is to distill those figures and put them in context to provide a first-order approximation of how Fairfield County is doing. We've included a broad range of information, with input from our gracious partners in local hospitals, foundations, and city agencies. Their assistance throughout the process has helped What does it mean to have a us hone in on the multi-dimensional well-being of healthy economy? How do we the diverse communities in Fairfield County. No indicator is perfect, and ours are no exception. We know if people are doing better expect that feedback from community members will than they were ten years ago? challenge our choices and help strengthen future reports. But we hope that the research here — much How do we measure growth of it published for the first time — enables us, as a community, to see things that we might not meaningfully—in terms of not otherwise see, so that we solve problems that might only dollars and cents, but also otherwise go unrecognized. To return to our original claim, measurements the quality of people’s lives? have power — but only when people care. We hope you dig into the analyses and find trends that Good data and thoughtful measurements can speak to you, share your stories with neighbors, capture our attention, highlight areas for direct start a dialogue about how our communities can be action, and focus efforts to create change. The improved, and take action for the common good. gross domestic product (GDP), which measures the We invite you to engage. value of all goods and services a country produces, Mark Abraham, Executive Director, DataHaven has become a primary gauge of the health of our economy. Its measure guides major decisions for About the Document policymakers, journalists, and residents alike. The We do not claim that this first edition of the raw numbers of the value of economic activity, Fairfield County Community Wellbeing Index is however, do not capture how well people are doing comprehensive; it is a work in progress that we in a common-sense, day-to-day way — how much intend to add to over time based on input from they experience prosperity when (and if) it comes, readers and regional partners. While some of the and how much it hurts when the economy slows topics here have been the subject of other studies, down. In recent decades, alternative indicators have we believe that there has never been a program that been proposed as a way to capture the experiences attempted to synthesize all of them into a single and situations of individuals, neighborhoods, report on the interrelationship of quality of life, and regions. These more sensitive and nuanced health, and economic competitiveness of Fairfield measures of well-being include how people are County and its individual