An Introductory Latin Book

Ax INTRODUCTORY JjATIX BOO ok on the Infler

h. D.,

3?:-

LATIX GRAMMAR,

and Colleges. By ALBERT HARKXESS, Ph. D., Professor in University.

A LATIX READ

union to tl witli Ref-

inns, Notes, -.. \KKXKSP,

l.'nivi 1'h. I)., Professor in Brown 12iiio.

FIRST GL

Pro- I., Buuri

IF. C. CHEWETT & C

17 and 19 KINO STREET EAST, TORON v 77. 0. CUEWETT & CO:S PUJJUCA 77.-?

A Latin Grammar for Schools olleges.

By A.. UARKNESS, PH.D., Profc^ser in BrS^ Unwpll

To explain the general plan of the work, the Pub> of touchers to the following extracts from the Preface

1. This volume is designed to present a systematic arrangement of the great facts and laws of the Latin language; to exhibit not only grammatical forms and constructions, but also those vital principles which underlie, control, and explain them.

2. Designed at once as a text-book for the class-room, and a book of reference in study, it aims to introduce the beginner easily aud pleasantly to die first principles of the language, and yet to make adequate provision for the wants of the more advan:

3. By brevity a, < \oice of phraseology ?nd compact-

ness in the arran" . the author lias L;

> compress will , . , .ivenient manual an amount of carefully- suited gi; herwise till a much larger volume. h 4. He ivored to present the whole subject m ti light of mo'.'.. 'iip. Without encumbering hi spages with ?r necessary di i to enrich them with the practical of the recent tabors in the '.' Id of philology.

5. Syntax i :M-I special attention. An attemp;

to ; been made exhibit, i')Io, that beautiful system of u. which the genius of the I of all grammatical authorit

' 6. T : . 1 illustration are first presented in thck>

.ore the separate points are discu

i i : M .-ulows all the Lading features of an

: ig a completeness and vividness to the impm-v ion of i ;:i)der any -^-nt. /

7. Special cure hr..- n to oxplai:i ate with the

yjjess all diliiculi and In;. [ctive V**d that n st trial of i: nee lias!;; in a j, \y ped, form at oacc siuu tions, >,., or in linv. 12mo. '

f J nJu/r^^r^^

The "AUTHORIZED TEXT BOOK" Series.

LA.THST EEADEE,

INTENDED AS A COMPANION

TO THE

AUTHOR'S LATIN GRAMMAR.

WITH

REFERENCES, SUGGESTIONS, NOTES, AND VOCABULARY.

BY ALBERT HAEKNESS, PEOFESSOR IN. BROWN TTNIVEESITY.

A-.THOB OP

"A 1ATIN GBAMMAE/' "A FIBST LATTX "A I( EOOK," SECOND LATIN BOOK," A I'fTvST (iBEEK BOOK," ETC.

TORONTO: W. 0. CHEWETT &

l'( & 19 KING STEEET EAST. 1868. ENTERED, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1SC5, by ALBERT HAKKNESS, lu the Clerk's Office of the District Court of KLode Island. PBEFACE.

THE Latin Reader now offered to the public is intended as a companion to the author's Latin Grammar. It comprises to the and a Reading Lessons, Suggestions Learner, Notes, Vocabulary. The Reading Lessons are abundantly supplied with references to the Grammar, and are arranged in two parts. Part First presents a progressive series of exercises illus- trative of grammatical forms, inflections, and rules. These exercises are intended to accompany the learner from the very outset in his progress through the Grammar, and thus to furnish him the constant luxury of using the knowledge which he is acquiring. They have been carefully selected from classical authors.

Part Second illustrates connected discourse, and comprises Fables, Anecdotes, and History. The Anecdotes have %een selected from various classical sources the other have ; portions been derived chiefly from the Lateinisches Elementarbuch of Professors Jacobs and Doring, though, in the Grecian History, Arnold's Historiae Antiquae Epitome, founded upon the work of Jacob and Doring, has furnished a few extracts. The His- torical selections were, with a few exceptions, derived originally from the Latin historians Eutropius, Justin, and Cornelius Nepos. IV PREFACE.

The Suggestions to the Learner are intended to direct the unskilful efforts of the beginner, and thus to enable him to do for himself much which would otherwise require the aid of his teacher, and to do easily and pleasantly much which wr ould otherwise be difficult and repulsive. They aim to point out to him the process by which he may most readily and surely reach the meaning and the structure of a Latin sentence, and then to teach him to embody that meaning in clear idiomatic English. Experience has abundantly shown the need of some such direc- tions. The beginner's first efforts to solve the problem presented by a Latin sentence are too often little better than a series of unsuccessful conjectures," while his first translations arc purely mechanical renderings, with little regard either to the thought of his author or to the proprieties of his mother tongue. The Notes aim to furnish such collateral information as will enable, the learner to appreciate the subject matter of his reading lessons, and such special aid as will enable him to surmount real and untried difficulties. Grammatical references can be employed only to solve grammatical difficulties; and, though for this purpose they are absolutely invaluable, it is yet a mis- take to -suppose that they can ever supply the place of com- s mentary.

In the Vocabulary, the aim has been to give to each word the particular meanings which occur in the reading lessons, without omitting, however, its essential and leading signifi- cation. At the solicitation of many eminent classical Professors and Teachers, the author has it in contemplation to publish an In- troduction to Latin Composition, consisting of two parts, the first intended for the beginner, and the second for the more advanced student. Accordingly, the present work has been PEEFACE. V

have made simply a Header, and all Exercises in writing Latin been reserved for a future volume.

With, this statement of the design and plan of the work, the author commits it to classical instructors, in the hope that, in their hands, it may render some useful service in the important work of classical instruction.

PROVIDED-, ^Lv;/. Si--/, 18G5.

Syntax of Particles 40 nrsc micriaca ior me oc^mncr, ana inc second for the more advanced student. Accordingly, the present work has been .-

COISTTEIN'TS.

PAET FIKST. GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES. PAGE Nouns 1

Adjectives ? 3 Pronouns 4 Verbs 5

Syntax of Nouns 9 Agreement of Nouns 9 Nominative 10 Vocative 10 x Accusative -. . 10

- Dative 13

Genitive .*. 16 Ablative 19

Syntax of Adjectives 26 Syntax of Pronouns 26 Syntax qf Verbs 28 Agreement 28 Indicative 28

Subjunctive 29 Imperative 35

' Infinitive 35 Gerunds and Gerundives 37

Supines SO

Participles c 39

Syntax of Particles -. 40 viii CONTENTS.

PAET SECOND. LATIN SELECTIONS. PAGE Fables 41 Anecdotes 45

Roman History 52

Period I. Italian and Roman kings 52

II. Roman Struggles and Conquests 58 III. Roman Triumphs 65 IV. Civil Dissensions 72

Grecian History 80

Period I. Grecian Triumphs . 80

II. Civil Wars- in Greece f 84

III. Graeco-Mcwedonian Empire > 89

Suggestions to the Learner 99 Notes 109

Latin-English Vocabulary 139 PART FIE ST. GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES.

NOUNS.

31-35 37-41. DEFINITION, GENDER, ETC. ; FIRST DECLENSION. 42.

NOTE. Before reading the Latin Exercises, the pupil is expected, in every instance, to learn carefully those portions of the Grammar which are embraced in the large type of the sections designated.

1 1.1. Ala, ala, alae, alam, alilriim, alls, alas. 2. Victoria, victoria, victoriae, victoriam, victoriarum, vic- toriis, victorias. 3. Causae, fortunae, portac. 4. Causa, fortuna, porta. 5. Causam, fortunam, portam. 6. Cau- sarura, fortunarum, portarum. 7. Causis, fortunis, portis. 8. Causas, fortunas, portas.

SECOND DECLENSION. 45.

II. 363 2. KULE Appositives. ; 352, 2. 1. Dominus, dommi, domino, dommum, domme, dominorum, dominis. 2. Gener, generi, genero, generum, generorum, generis, gcneros. 3. Ser;vi, aimi. 4. Pueri, soceri. 5. Agri, magistri. G. Templi, belli. Y. Servis, annis. 8. Puero, socero. 9. Agrurum, ma- gistroruin. 10. Templa, bella. <

1 When the same Latin form may be found in two or more cases, the pupil ia expected to give the meaning for each case. 1 2 LATIN KEADEE.

11. Lucus, stella. 12. Luci, stellae. 13. Lucum, stellam. 14. Luco, Stella. 15. Lucorum, stellarum. 16. Lucis, stellis. IT. Lucos, Stellas. 1 18. Dionysius tjrannus. 19. Dionysio tyranno. 20. Dionysium tyrannum. 2J. Tullia regma. 22. Tulliae reginae. 23. Tulliam regmam. 21. Puer Ascanius.

THIRD DECLENSION. CLASS I. 48-50.

RULE XVI. Genitive. 395.

3. 1. Nubis, nubiiim. 2. Avi, avibus. 3. Urbem, urbes. 4. Regis, militis. 5. Regi, militi. 6. Eege, milite. Y. Eeges, milites. 8. Eegiim, militum. 9. Eegilms, inilitibus. 2 2 10. Yirtus regis. 11. Yirtutes regum. 12. Yin- dex libertfitis. 13. Yindices libertatis. 14. Custoclibus urbis. 15. Lux soils. 16. Luce soils. IT. Eomiili mors. 18. Eomiili morte. 19. Yictoria regis. 20. Yictoriae regis. 21. Ala avis. 22. Alae avis. 23. Alae avium. 24. Eegis filia. 25. Tullia, regis filia.

THIRD DECLENSION. CLASS II. 51.

RULE XXXII. Cases with Prepositions. 432-435.

4. 1. Soli, sole, solibus. 2. Leonis, leones, leonnm. 3. Carmini, carminibus. 4. Consulis, passeris. 5. Con- sulum, passermn. 6. Consulibus, passeribus. T. Lcfmi, virgmi. 8. Leones, virgmes. 9. Patrem, pastorem. 10. Patres, pastores. 11. Opus, corpus. 12. Opere, corpore. 13. Operuin, corporuin. 14. Cicero consul. 1 15. Ciceronis eonsulis. 16. Ci-

1 ceronem consiilem. IT* Nepos consulis.'" 18. Nepotes

1 See Grammar, 363. 2 395. ADJECTIVES consulis. 19. Nepotes consulum. 20. Pater judicis. 21. Pat res judicum. 22. Patribus judicum. 1 23. Post Romuli mortem. 24. Apud Herodotum, patrem liistoriae. 25. Ad virtutem. 26. Ante lucern. 2 27. Contra naturam. 28. Sermo de amicitia. 29. Pro In 3 32: In bello/ patrifu 30. Sine la^e. 31. aninem.

FO'URTII

5. 1. Fructus, corn us. 2.- Fructibus, cornibus. 3. Caiitum, currum. 4. In currum. 5. In curru. 6. So- ils ortus. 7. Ab ortu ad oceasum. 8. Ante soils occusum.-

FIFTH DECLENSION. 1 1 9 .

6. 1. Acies, aciem, aciei. 2. Diei, faciei. 3. Rci. spei. 4. Diem, faciem. 5. Eem, spem. 6. Die, .facie. 7. Re, spe. dttriM 8. In aciem. 9. In acie. 10. Facies urbis.. 11. Spes fortunae. 12. Contra spem. 13. Sine spe.

ADJECTIVES.

FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS. 148.

RULE XXXIII. Agreement of Adjectives. 438.

7. 1. Servus bonus. 2. Servi boni. 3. Servo bono.

4. Servnm bonnm. 5. Serve bone. G. Servorum 1 rum. 7. Servis bonis. 8. Servos bonos. 9. Regliiii bona. 10. Regmae bonae. 11. Reginam bonam. 12. Regmil bona. 13. Reginfirum bonarum. 14. Regmis bonis. 15. 16. Reglnas bonas. . Exemplum bonum. 17. Exempli boni. 18. Exempla bona.

1 3 3 432, 4 33. 43'2,'13i. 435, 1. 4 LATIN READER.

19. Puer pulcher. 20. Puella pulchra, 21. Tectum pulchrum. 22. Pueri pulchri. 23. Puellae pulchrae. 24. Tccta pulchra. 25. Yera amicitia. 26. Gladius longus. 27. Magna gloria, 28. Spes falsa. 29. Sine rnagno labore. 30. Modius aureumm annulorum. t

THIRD DECLENSION. 150-153.

8. 1. Dolor acer. 2. Sine dolore acri. 3. Dolores acres. 4. Hostis cnidelis. 5. Hostem crudelem. 6.

Hostium crudelium. 7. Iliems glacialis. 8. Hiemein glacialem. 9. Carmen dulce. 10. Carmina dulcia. 11. Innumerabiles fabiilae.

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 160-162.

9, 1. Triumphus clarus. 2. Triumplms clarior. 3. Triumplms clarissinius. 4. Triurnphi clari. 5. Tri- uniplii clariores. 6. Triumphi clarissinii. 7. Yir fortis. 8. Yir fortior. 9. Yir fortissimus. 10. Sapiens vir. 11. Sapientior vir. 12. Sapientissimus vir.

. 13. Fortissimi viri. 14. Fortissimorum viromm inultitudo. 15. Peiitus dux. 16. Peritissimi duces. 17. Bella funestissima.

PE01NTOIJE'S.

CLASSIFICATION AND DECLENSION OF PRONOUNS. 182-191.

UULE XXXIY. Agreement of Pronouns. 445; 445,1. ' 1 10. 1. Mci. 2. Tibi. 3. Inter se. 4. Ad tc.

5. Pro nobis. 6. Post me. 7. Ante nos. 8. Patria 2 '11.' Tuii mea. 9. Nostra patria. 10. Magister tuus. niens. 12. Xostri milites. 13. Nostrae amicitiae.

2 1 -152. 438, 1. VEEBS.

' 14. Ad salutem vestram. 15." Ad vitam suam. 16. Hie viiv, IT. Haec urbs. 18. Hoc regnum. 19. Hujus viri. 20. In hac urbe. 21. Haec regiia. 22. Illi viri. 23. Pro illis viris. 24. Ante hunc diem. 25. Snb hoc rege. 26. Pastor illms regionis. 27. Idem locus. 28. In etindem locum. 29. Circa eandem horam. 30. Id 2 tempus. 31. Ab ipsa natura. .32. li ad quos. 33. Quae civitas ? 34. Ab aliquo. 35. Faustiilus quidam.

YEEBS.

INTRODUCTION. 192-197; 199-203. VERB SUM. 204.

RULE III. Subject Nomina live. 3 6 7.

RULE XXXV. Agreement of Verb with Subject. 400.

RULE I. Predicate Nouns. 362.

' 4 b * 6 11.1. Aristides Justus fuit. 2. Justus cst. 3. 6 Justus erat. 4. Justi sumus. 5. Justi fuerfimus. 6. J^ti erimus. 7. Justi simus. 8. Justi fuissemus. 9. Cato sapiens- erat. 10. Sapiens fuerat. 11. Sapicn- tes eritis. 12. Sapientes fuistis. 13. Sapiens es. 14. Sapientes este. 15. Lex brevis est. 16. Lex brevis esto. IT. Leges breves sunt. 18. Leges breves sun to. 7 19. Ego consul fui. 20. Cicero consul fuit. 21. Cicero consul fuerat. idlti

FIRST CONJUGATION. 205, 206.

- RULE V. Direct Object. Ml. "X

12. 1. Amat, amant. 2. Amiibat, amabant. 3.

of cst. Justus agrees with the pronoun is, he, the omitted subject 4 6 M38, 1. 438. 460; 400, 2. 2 445. 5 460. ' 362. '367. LATIN KEADEK.

Amaverat, amaveraiit. 4. Amaverit, amaverint. 5. Amet, amcnt. 6. Laudat, 'laudfitur. 7. Laudant, laudantur. 8. Lau- dabat, laudabfitur. 9. Laudabant, laudabantur. 10. Laudet, laudetur. 11. Laudent, laudentur. 1 12. Orationem laudo. 13. Orationem laudamus. 14. Orationes laudabimus. 15. Oratio laudatur. 16. Oratioiies laudantur. 17. Virtutem aniatis. 18. Vir- tutem amabitis. 19. Virtus amiltur. 20. Virtus 2 amfita est. 21. Ego patriam liberuvi. 22. Patriam liberaverunt. 23. Patria liberata est. 24. Ancus ur- 2 bem amplifivit. 25. Marius fugatus est. 26. Fugati erant. 27. Socrates accusiltus est.

SECOND CONJUGATION. 207, 208. 13. 1. Moneo, nioneor. 2. Monebam, monebar. 3. Monebo, monebor. 4. Moneam, monear. 5. Mone- rem, monerer. 6. Monui, monuimus. 7. Monuerat, monuerant. 8. Monueris, monuerltis. 9. Monueriia, momtus sim. 10. Monuissemus, moniti essemus. 11. Monete, monentor. 12. Terrebat, teiTebatur. 13. Terrebant, terreban- tur. 14. Terrerct, teiTeretur. 15. Terrerent, terreren- tur. 16. Territus sum, torrid sumus. 17. Territus es,

I estis. 18. Territus est, territi sunt.

1 3 . Gloriam veram' habes. 20. Gloriam habebis.

( Cr i ]quites gladios liabebant. 22. Gladios habueruut. Gladium habuisii. 24. Homo liabet memoriam.

-<<). Cum Rornanir- i lialmimus. 26. Pacem habuc- rfiiuu:?. 27. Pacem liabebimus. 28. Cyrus omnium in cxereitu* suo niilituni nomina ten'Gbat.

1 371. * 400, 1 . VERBS. 7

THIRD CONJUGATION. 209, 210.

RULE LI. Use of Adverbs. 582.

14. 1. Rego, regor. 2. Regimus, regmrur. 3. Re- git, regitur. 4. Regunt, reguntur. 5. Rege, regite. 6. Regendi, regendo. 7. Recttis eram, recti eriimus. 8. Spero, pareo, duco. 9. Speras, pares, duels. 10. Speramus, paremus, dueimus. 11. Sperabam, parebam, ducebam. 12. Sperubant, parebant, ducebant. 13. Spe- ravi, parui, duxi. 14. Speravimus, paruimus, duximus. 15. Speraverunt, paruerunt, duxerunt. 16. Deus omnem hunc mundum regit. IT. Deus 1 mundum semper rexit. 18. Deus mundum regebat. 2 19. Deus mundum reget. 20. Cicero ad Atticum scri- bit. 21. Ad te saepe scribam. 22. Cicero multos 3 libros scripsit. 23. Ad amlcum de amicitia scripsi. 24. Librum de senectute scripserat. 25. Quid dixisti ? 26. Nihil dixi. 2T. Quid dixistis ? 28; 'Multa de ami- citiil diximus. 29. Ilaec recte dixistis. 30. Hie liber ad te scriptus cst.

FOURTH CONJUGATION. 211, 212. \p 15. 1. Audiebat, audiebant. 2. Audiebfitur, audie- bantur. 3. Audiam, audiemus. 4. Audiar, audiemur. 5. Audivit, audiverunt. 6. Auditus est, audlti stint. 7. Audiveram, audiveramus. 8. Auditus eram, audlti eramus.

9. Sperat, paret, ducit, scit. 10. Sperant, parent, ducunt, sciunt. 11. Sperabat, parebat, ducebat, sciebat. 12. Sperabamus, parebamus, ducebiimus, sciebamus. 13. Sperfibo, parebo, ducet, sciet. 14. Tullus bellum finivit. 15. Bellum finiverat. 16.

1 082. 2 433. 3 434. 8 LATIN EEADEE.

Bellum finitum cst. IT. Hie dies Graec^ae libertfitem finiet. 18. Gives templum custodhmt. 19. Templa cus- todiemus. 20. Templum custodite. 21. Bmtus Mace- don iam. custodiebat. 22. Hanc provinciam custodimus. 23. Hoc audivimus. 24. A vobis audlmur.

VERBS IN IO, THIRD CONJUGATION. 213-215.

16. 1. Roman! urbem capiunt. 2. Urbes capiGbant. 3. Urbem capiemus. 4. Haec urbs capietur. 5. Urbes capientur. 6. Regiilus captus est. 7. Milites arma capiunt. 8. Scipio Garthaginem cepit. 9. Praefecti regii Eretriam ceperunt. 10. Regis pater fugit. 11. Fugie- bat. 12. Lacedaemonii fugiunt. 13. Fugenmt. 14. Xerxes in Asiain fugerat.

DEPONENT VERBS. 221-226.

l 17. 1. Coriolfmus popultitur agrum Romfmum. 2. PyiTlius Carnpaniam depopnlatus est. 3. Milites agros depopulabantur. 4. Hoc facinus rex miratur. 5. Hoc miranmr. 6. Puer laudem meretur. 1. Laudem mere- ris. 8. Laudem merentur. 9. Gloria virtutem sequitur. 10. Ascanium secutus est Silvius. 11. Justitiam sequi- mur. 12. Justitiam sequemur. 13. Cum Scipione lionorem partimur. 14. Id opus inter se partiuntur.

PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATION. 227-231.

18. 1. Virtutem laudaturi sumus. 2. Virtus lau- j. danda est. 3. Quid laudaturus es ? 4. Bonitatem lau- 2 3 datums sum. 5. Omnia sunt laudanda, quae con- jimeta cum virtute sunt. G. Quid vituperandum cst? 7. Omnia sunt vituperanda, qnae cum vitiis conjuncta

s 1 S71. 3 441. 445. SYNTAX OF NOUNS.

sunt. 8. Gloriam veram habiturus es. 9. Gloriam ' veram habituri sumus. 10. Cicero ad Atticum scriptu- rus erat. 11. Epistola scribenda est. 12. Orator audi- endus est. 13. Senatores Ciceronem audituri erant.

SYNTAX OF NOUNS.

AGREEMENT OP NOUNS.

RULE I. Predicate Nouns. 362.

19. .1. Merc-mius nuntius erat. 2. Furius consul

1 " erat. 3. Homo eum. 4. Bacchus erat vini dens* 5. Somrms est imago mortis. 6. Hjstoria testis temponrm habetur. 7. Historia magistra* vitae liabetnr. 8. So- cr&te&jparms pliilosophiae dicitur. 0. Brutus homo mnp;- nus evaserat. 10. Nos causa* belli sumus. 11. Nautius et Furius consults* erant.

RULE II. Appositiucs. 3G3.

20. 1. Dionysius tyrannus cxpulsus e?l. 2. D'ema- ratus, regis pater, fugit. 3. Apud Ilerodotum, paire in. historiae, sunt innumerabiles fabulae. 4. Hannibal Sa- guntum, foederfitam urbem^ expugnfivit. 5. Themistb- 7 des veni ad te. 6. Cato litteras Graecas senex* didicit^ 7. Junius aedem Saldtis, quam consul voverat, dl a dedicfivit. 8. SocrHtem, sapientissimum mrum, Atlie-. nienses interfecerunt.

1 4 7 460, 2. 362, 1, 1). 363, 2. 2 5 8 395. 362, 1, 2). 363, 3. 3 6 45, 6. 463, II. 162. 10 LATIN BEADEE.

NOMINATIVE.

RULE III. Subject Nominative. 367.

21. 1. Cuncta Graecia liberata est. 2. Pat-rid me*

1 c s t inundus. 3. Paulus consul regem ad Pydnam. superfivit. 4. Philosophia inventrix legum fuit. 5. Om- 2 nium malGrum stultitla est mater. 6. ]S"on omnis error stultitia est. 7. Quot homines? tot sententiae.

VOCATIVE.

RULE IV. Case of Address. 369.

4 22. 1. Disco, puer, virtutem. 2. Tu, mi Cicero, liaec ac'cipies. 3. Te, Minerva, custos 'urbis, precor ac

>. 4. Audit e, ji'.dlccs. 5. Disee, puer, virtutes. 6. Amid, diem perdlui. 7. Conservate, judices, Imnc Iiominem.

ACCUSATIVE.

RULE V. Direct Object. 371.

23. 1. Accepi tuas cpisiUas. 2. Labor omnia vincit. 3. Animus regit corpus. 4. JSTostra nos patria delectat. 5 5. ]\liltiades totam Graeciam liberfivit. 0. Sophocles tmgoedias fecit. Y. Studia adolescentiam alunt, sencciitr iblectant. 8. Romtilus JRomam condidit. 0. Ava- >rolittitcm subvertit. 10. Yirtus conciliat amicitios.

irtus amicitiam gignit. 12. Yestri patres cam vitam vixcrunt. 13. Minim somnium* somnirivi. 11. Pacem] desperavi. 15. Se-

6 371, 1, 3). 7 -71, 3. a 460, 3. SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 11

1 quani Ariovisti crudelitdtem horrebant. 10. Urutum Romanae matronae luxerunt. 17. Milites invadunt ur- a ~bem? 18. Aciem circumvenerunt. 19. Caesar agrum 3 Picenum percurrit. 20. Periculosissimum locum sum praetervectus. 21. GermUm flumen transierunt.

RULE VI. Two Accusatives Same Person. 373.

24. 1. Ciceronem universus popiilus consulem declaravit. 2. Romulus urbem JBomam vocfivit. 3. Fecit * heredem filiam. 4. Socrates totms mundi se civevi ?a*- bitrabatur. 5. Cato ccllam penariam rei publicae nostrae, nutricem plebis Romanae Siciliam nominfivit. G. Praesta tevirum. /T. Senatus Ccutilinam tiostem judicavit. 8. Senatus Paulum consulem creavit. 0. Socrdtem Apollo 5 sa2)ientisslmum judicavit. 10. Meso2)otamiamfertilem efficit Euphrates. 11. Tiresiam saplcntem fingunt poetae. 12. Polycratemfellcbn appellabant.

RULE VII. Two Accusatives Person and Tiling. 374.

25. 1. Te tti&fata docebo. 2. Hoc me docuit usus, 1 .magister egregius. 3. Fortuna belli artem metes' docet. 4. Augustus nepotes suos litteras docuit. 5. Antigoims 8 iter omnes celat. 6. Pacem te poscimus. 7. Boeotii auxilia regem orabant. 8. Cato interrogates est sententiam. 9. Marcius omnes artes edoctus fuerat. 10. Auxilium a Caesdre* petienint. 11. Te illucc* admoneo. 12. Te id consiilo. 13. Hannibal nonaginta

1 371, 3. 12 LATE* HEADER.

1 1 millia peditum Herum traduxit. 14. Belgae Ithc- 1 transducti sunt.

RULE VIII. Accusative of Time and Space. 378.

2 26, 1. Serving Tullius regnavit annos quattuor et* qaadraginta. 2. Appius Claudius caecus annos multos fuit. 3. Quaedam bestiolae unum diem vivunt. 4. Dio- nysius quinque et viginti natus annos dominfitum occu- pfivit. 5. Caesar duas fossas quindecim pedes latas perduxit. 6. Milites aggerem altum pedes octogintu exstruxernnt. 7. Arabes gladios habebant longos quaterna ci<a. 8. Urbs quinque dierum iter abest.

KULE IX. Accusative of Limit. 379.

27, 1. Cicero Atkenas venit. 2. Ilegulus Cariluii/i- nem rocllit. 3. Hannibal Capuam concessit. 4. Ciccvro 4 maxiimim numerum fruienti Romam misit. 5. Dio- nysins navigabat Syracusas, 6. Curius elephantos quattuor Romam dnxit. 6 T. Auriini domwn* comportant. 8. Ego rvs ibo. 0. Yeni consiilis domum. 10. Verres Delicti .venit. II. Pansaniam Cyprum miserunt. 12. Hannibal in 1 liiberna' Capuam concessit. 13. Legicnes ad ' addiicit. 14. Darius in Asian* rediit.

EULE X. Accusative of Specification. 380.

s 28, 1. tromit artus. 2. Aeneas caedit ni- Eqims ^ 9 10 : juvencos. 3. Jovem lacnmis o

;, G. SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 13 sufi'Qsa nitcntes al loquitur Yciius. 4. Hannibal femur G. ic'rm cccidit. 1 5. Hannibal ammum inqengus es.t. So 8 s dens obtiilit 1 omnia Mcrcurio siurilis^ vocemqu. colo- wftquck \ TTllaec vis valet multum* 8. Haec vis %fc?ra potest. 9. Nervii nihil possnnt. 10. Thebani nihil moti sunt. 11. Quid liostis potest? 12. Quid venisti? 13. Quid 5 plura disputo ?

RULE XI. Accusative in Exclamations. 381.

29, 1. O praeclaram vitam! 2. O spectaculum mi- serum ! 3. O temporal,) o mores ! Senatus conjuratiunem 6 intelligit, consul v.idet. 4. O ^/m maxim am erroris !

5. O clementiam admirabileni ! /. lieu me infelicem ! 7. Hanc audaciam !

DATIVE.

RULE XII. Dative with Ycrlts. 384.

30. 1. j^Ton scholae, scd vitae dis-jTr-iTip. 2. Omnes homines liberidti student. 3. Germfni ritiae student. 4. Ego pliilosopldae semper vaco. 5. Pietdti 7 b 'gumma tribuenda laus o.^t. G. Non solum w^^s divites suinus, sed lweris,(nmcls, maximcque rci pitbiicac. 7. Philosophise nos tradunus. 8. Graeci liommcr- res tribuunt iis'r ?>/.>', (jiti tyrannos nccaverui^..

Kon plac: ira quici-eni". 10. qiiiun valeinus, recta consilia atfgroiis* damns.

1 4 7 202, 2. - 380, 2. 163, 3. 2 5 " 391. 165, 1. 231. " 9 '587, 1.3 & 5. 165. 441, 14 LATIN READER.

3 1, DATIVE OF AND ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE. 385. 1 1. Probus invide t nemmi. 2. Homines hominibus prosunt. 8. J^Tocet. alteri. 4. Consulatus meus placuit Catoni. 5. Dioni crudelitas tyranni displicebat. G. Themistocles persuasit populo. 7. Parti* civium consii- lunt. 8. Milites non mulieribuS) non infwnffibus peper- cerunt. 9. Nemo liber cst, qui corpbri servit.

32, DATIVE WITH COMPOUNDS. 38G. 1. Pelopidas omnibus si&mt 2^ericulis. 2. Natura sensibus* rationem 4 4 acljunxit. 3. Leges omnium. salutem singulorum saluii 5 6 antepununt. 4. Parva magnis saepe co'nferuntur^ A

- 5. Hannibal terrurem injecit exwcitlri-' 'Rbfa&iiwvi&fy

- 6. Aristldes interfuit pugnae navali apud Salammem. , 7. Consiliis interdum obstat fortuna. s "3: HoMiies

7 ' plurimum et prosunt et obsunt. 9. Consulcs 8 libertati suas opes postfereban^i.."l&.I;>ona existimatio * dimtiis praestat. 11. Tu virtutern praefer *cwbitii& 9 12. Quidam succumbunt doloribus. 13. Neque deefo" '*> 9 neque superero

33, DATIVE OF POSSESSOR. 387. 1. Fuere Lydis 10 multi reges. 2. Non semper idem floribus est color. " 3. Omnibus inter se virtutibus amicitia est. 4. Est lionos cloquentiae. 5. Ei morbo nomen est avaritia. 12 C. Trojae liuic loco nomen est.

34, DATIVE OF APPARENT AGENT. 388. 1. Caesdri erant agenda. 2. Diligentia colenda est n .uita videnda sunt oratori. 4. Cm non sunt Laec .adita?

1 441. SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 15

1 35, ETHICAL DATIVE. 389. 1. Quid ait ndbis Saniiio ? 2. Hie mihi quisquam misericordiam nomi- nat ? 3. Hie ^2iM_Furms pacis commoda commemorat ? 3 4. Quid sibi* verba ista volunt ?

KULE XIII. I^o Datives To Which and For Which. 390.

C|$. 1. Virtutes hominilus decori sunt. 2. Virtutes * hominibus gloriae sunt. 3. Probitas est omnibus amori. 4. Crudelitas est omnibus odio. 5. Virtus neque datur 5 neque accipitur. 6. Pausanias, rex Lac6daemoni- venit Atticis auxilio.. j 6 1 7. Hoc mtio mihi dant. 8. Idne alteri' crimini duas 8 da"bis/ quod- tu ^ipse fecisti? 9. Caesar legipnes castris 'praesidio .relinquit. 10. Hunc siof domicilio locum" d eleerunt.

K- Dative with Adjectives.- 391.

8 1. Ycritas mihi grata est. 2. GratissTmae mihi w tuae littera'e fuerunt. 3. Patria Ciceroni eratrcatfe- 11 12 siina. 4. Id Deo est "proximum, quod est optimum. 13 5. Minime sibi quisque notus est. 6. Morti niliil est 14 cultura tarn simile, quam somnus. T. HomTmim generi agrurum est salutaris. 8. Belgae proximi sunt Germdnis. est. 10, Pax 9. &9, <^ui vendunt, j%etftia/ necessajrfa '

>. nobis omnibus fuit . optabilis. ,

KULE XV. Dative with Derivatives.-^392.

38, 1. Esto obtemperatio instiiuiis populomm.

1 297, H. 1. 2 389, 2. ^ 16 LATEST READER.

2. Insidiac consuli non procedubant. 3. Convenienter naturae vivmrns. 4. Philosopkus sibi constanter conve- nienterque dicit.

GENITIVE.

KULE XVI. Genitive with Nouns. 395, 396.

J 39. 1. Pietas fundamentum est omnium virtutum. 2. Ira est initium insaniae. 3. Sapientia est rerum divi- nfivum et humanurum scientia. 4. JSTona diei liora crat.

' 2 I. SUBJECTIVE GENITIVE. 1. Yultus sermo quidam 2 tacitns mentis est.* 2. ISTostri inilltes impetum hostiwn sustinuerunt. 3. Tbemistocles non effugit cimum suO- nmi invidiam. 4. Yentorwn pater reg'it iiavcm. 5. Bin- " loruin facilitates divitiao suut civit

II. OBJECTIVE GE^irnvE. 1. CreB(4t*'amor m>;

2. Ainrni morbi sunt cupiditiites dlvitidrum, gloriae,

III. PARTITIVE GENITIVE. 1. Justitia nihil expetit niliil 2. wt.'.*,, prdli. Conon pecuniae quinquaginta talenta civibus snis donavit. 3. Permagnmn pondus ar- 3 4 fuit. 4. Socrates genti omnium . sapientissimus judicfi- tus ps=t. 5. Galluruin omnium fortissimi sunt JBel^ac.o 6 6 :u gentium sumus ? 7. Satis doguentiae fuit, parum.

IY. GENITIVE OF CHARACTERISTIC. 1. Tarqumius 7 fratrcm liabuit Aruntem, initis ingenii juvencm.

6 1 3 III. 362. 396, III. 3) (2). 390, 4) (2). 2 4 438; 438, 1. 102. 5, III. 4) (1)1 SYNTAX OF NOUNS. -O

1 1 2. Atlienienses belli ducern elTgunt Periclern, spectatac 2 virtutis virum. 3,. Classem* septuaginta* navium Atlienienses Miltiadi 3 dederuiit.

6 V. GENITIVE or SPECIFICATION. 1. Cyri nomen accepit. 2. Quid sonat vox voluptdtis f 3. Yirtutes <%>??- 6 tinentiae, gravitdtis, justitiae, fidei, omni Lonore dignae sunt. 4. Germaniae vocabiilum, recens est. 5. Domini 7 appellationem semper exhorruit Augustus.

RULE XVII. Genitive with Adjectives. 399.

40, 1. Avida e&peri&uli virtus. 2. Haec aetas vir- 8 tutum ferax est. 3. Conscia mens recti famae menda- 9 10 " cia ridef. 4. Roman i appetentes gloriae atque avidi 13 laudis fuerunt. 5. Multi contentionis sunt cupidiOres qnam veritdtis. 6. Epaminondas .fuit peiitus,^^^', veri- ta,iis diligens. 7. Conon prudens rei . militiiris erat. 13 8. Socrates^se omnium .rerum nescium fingit." 1). Tlie- ia mistocles peritissimos lelli pavalis fecit Atbenienses. l * 10. Homo rationis est particeps, 11. Plena errorum 1B sunt'omnia. 12. Ornnes virtutis compotes bead sunt. 10 13. Viri propria est fortitude.

RULE XVIII. Predicate Genitive. 401-403.

1. v$>k 41, Damnatio jud/icitm ; .poena, legis. 2. Im- 8 boeilli a-mmi est superstitio. 3. Xerxis classis mille et dncentili tun navium fuit. 4. Claudmsfterat somni bre- vissinii. 5. Permagni momcnii est ratio. 18 LATIN READER.

l est florentis actdtis ; prudentia, senescentis. 7. Praeda 3 3 parvi yyretii fuit. 8. Thebae populi Roman! factae * sunt. 9. Yoluptatem virtus minimi facit. 10. Divitiae 5 * a me minimi putantur. 11. ISTulla possessio phiris quam virtus aestimanda est. 12. Yendo meum frumen- 7 tuin non pluris, quam ceteri. 13. Mentiri non est 8 meum* 14. Tuum. est mill! ignoscere.

RULE XIX. Genitive with Certain Verbs. 406-408.

10 11 " 42, \.Eorum miserere, qui in miseriis sunt. 13 2. Animus meminit praeteritorum" praesentia ccrnit, futura praevidet. 3. Reminisceie pristmae virtutis ilel- 15 16 vetiurum. 4. Deorum immortalium beneficia recorder. 5. Obliti sunt injuridriim. 6. Habetis ducem memorem vestri, oblltum sui. 7. Aliorum vitia cernit, obliviscitur sudrum. 8. Flagitiorwn suoruni recordabi- tur. 9. Plane! meriti recorder.

17 ie 10. Magni rei publicae interest omnes copias con- venire. 19 11. Illud mea** magni interest. 12. Hoc tiia " 21 nihil referebat. 13. Tua et mea maxime interest te valere. 14. I^on refert, quam multos libros, sed quam bonos habeas. 23

RULE XX. Accusative and Genitive. 410.

43. 1. Te veteris amicitiae commonefacio. 2. T'il>Q- riusjudices legum admonebat.

' 575. SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 19

1 3. Te convinco non Inhumanltdiis solum, sed etiam amentiae. 4. Fannius Verrem insimulat avaritiae et audaciae. 5. Cicero Verrem avaritiae coarguit. 6. Orestes accusatur matricidii. T. JSTicomedes furti damnatus est. 2 2 8. Nonne te iniseret mei f 9. ]STum hujus te gloriae poenitebat ? 10. Me non solum piget stultitiae meae, sed etiam pudet. 11. Me civitatis marum* piget tae- 4 detque.

ABLATIVE.

RULE XXI. Ablative of Cause, Manner, Means. 414.

44, I. CAUSE. 1. Caesar 'beneficiis ac mwiificentia 6 magnus liabebatur, integritdte vitae, Cato. 2. Quidam mills suis gloriantur. 3. Gubernatoris eu'&.utilitdtc, non arte laudatur. 4. Avaritid et luxurid Itonuma civitas " laborabat. 5. Mmio gaudio paene desipiebam. G. 7 Adolescentes senum praeceptis gaudcnt. T. Laetus 6 sprte tua vives sapienter. 8. Campfaii fuerunt superbi ~bonitdte agrorum.

8 II. MANNER. 1. Miltutcles samma ae-quitate rea Chersoi"iqgi constituit. 2. Atlieniense^ v', summa, proeli- " um comnl'iseriin't. 3. Sidera c iv. us suos conficiunt 10 maximii celeritdte. 4. Atlienicijces cum silentio" audlti sunt. 5. Cum virtilte viviinus. C. Pausaaiias epulabfi- tur 7??.^ Persiiruin.

III. MEANS, INSTRUMENT. 1. Servius Tullius virtyte

1 587, I. *. 20 LATE* EEADEK.

l regnum tenuit. 2. Nemo fit casu bonus. 3. Arams animus nullo satiatur lucre. 4. Trahiinur omnes studio

' 2 laudis. 5. Magnos homines virtute metimur, non for- 3 tana. G. Dido vitain suam gladio fin Ivit. 7. Voluptate 4 capiuntur homines, ut liomw pisces. 8. Minuuntur atrae carmine curae. 9. Boni nullo emolumento impelluntur in fraudem. 6

IY. AGENT. 1. Alcibiades erudltus est a Socrate* 7 8 2. A Deo omnia facta sunt. 3. Sacra ab Nurna insti-

1 tiita sunt. 4. A munis' ipsa virtus coiiteninltur.

RULE ^KII.Al.Iaiive of Price. 416.

10 45, 1. Ego spem pretio non emo. 2. Yas Corin- thium magno pretio mercatus sum. 3. Yiginti talentis 11 unam orationem Isocrates vendidit. 4. Si prata magno I2 13 aestimant, quanti est aestimanda virtus ? 5. Fanum u pecunid grandi vendituni est. C. >tium non gemmis venale est.

RULE XXIII. Ablative with Comparatives.- 417.

46. 1. Yilius argentum est auro, mrlitfibus auruni. 2. Lux sonitu est velocior. 3. Amoris simulatio pcj est odio. 4. Kiliil est verittltis luce dulcius. 5. !N"iliil eat 35 raiione melius. 6. JLacrlma nihil citias arescit. 7. Tullus Hostilias fcrocior quam Romulus fait. 15 major est quam terra. 9. Xatiira niliil habet SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 21

1 a praestantius quam honestdtem. 10. Timoleon sapientius 3 tulit secundam fortunam quam adversam. 11. Major 1 fainae sitis est quam virtutis-.

RULE XXIV. Ablative of Difference. 418.

4 4% 1. Patria milii vita mea multo est carior. 2. 1 Pompeius ~biennio major fuit quam Cicero. 3. Hie locus 5 aequo spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat. 4 ISTuma Pompilius annis permultis ante fuit qtiam Py- 7 thagoras. 5. Homeri etsi incerta sunt tempora, tamen annis multis fuit ante Koniiilum. 9

RULE XXV. Ablative in Special Constructions. 419.

48. I. UTOE, FEUOR, ETC. 1. Multi 'beneficio Dei perverse utuntur. 2. Rccordatione iiostrae amicitiae* 10 11 Iruor. 3. Commoda, quibus utinmr, a Deo nobis dantur. 4. Lux, qua, fruimur, a Deo nobis datur. 5. Yir- tutis munere ftinctus sum. 6. Solus potitus est imperio " 13 Romiilus. 7. Nmmdae plerumque lacte et came ves- cebantur.

l4 II. FIDO, CONFIDO, ETC. 1. Prudentiti consilioqiiQ fidimus. 2. Quis aut corporis firmitate ant fortiinae sta- liludte confIdet ? 3. Juvenis nititur Jiasta.

15 III. PLENTY AND ^"ANT. 1. Abundfirunt semper auro regna Asiae. 2. Capua fortissimorum virorum multitudme redundat. 3. AntiocliTa eruditissimis homi- 22 LATIN READER.

* nibus affluebat. 4. Nihil lionestum est quod yustitid 2 vacat. 5. Nulla vitae pars vacat qfficio. 6. iNunquam erninentia invidia caret. 7. Magna negotia magnis ad* 3 jutoribus egent. 8. Deus "bonis omnibus explevit mun- 4 dum. 9. Hectora vita spoliavit Achilles. 10. Caesari 8 tradita urbs est, nuda praesidio, referta cqpiis. 11, 3 Virtute multi praediti sunt. ^

IY. DIGNUS, INDIGNUS, ETC. 1. Virtus imitation?, non invidia digna est. 2. Quam multi indigni luce 6 sunt, et ta'men dies oritur. 3. Sapientia eo contenta est, quod adest. 4. Inielligentia vestra fretus sum.

V. OPUS AND Usus. 1. Magistratibus opus est. 2. 7 8 Multis duce opus est. 3. Nihil opus est simulatwne. 9 10 4. Nambus consuli usus est. 5. Quantum argenti est tibi opus ? 6. JSTobis exem^la permulta opus sunt.

49. 1. In Italia bellum fuit. 2. Haec ab Eomanis in Graecid gesta sunt. 3. Iphicrates in Thracid vixit. 4. Caesar db urbe proficiscitur. 5. Darius ex Asia in n Eurupam exercitum trajecit. 6. Talis Romae Fabri- cius, qualis Aristldes Athenis fait. 7. Tarquinius Superbus mortuus est Cwnis. 8. E"uma Pompilius CuTibus habitabat. 9. Syracusis est fons 12 aquae dulcis, cui noinen AretMsa est. 10. Demaratus, J3 ,/miiregis pater, fugit Tarquinios CorintJw. 11. 14 " terra marline, gesta sunt. 12. Conon plurimum v lfl vixit 6 ^??^, Timotlieus Lesbi.

M45. SYNTAX OF NOUNS, 23

RULE XXVII. AUatwe^of. Source and Separation. 425.

1 50. 1. Praeclarum a majoribus accepirnus morem. 2 2. Hoc a semlus audivimus. 3. Disce, puer, virtutem ex me, fortunam ex aliis. 4. Ex nimia potentia oritur 3 interitus. 5. Jove nate, Hercules, salve. 6. Abstinent pugna. 7. Lacedaemonii de diutina * contentione destiterunt. 8. Zama guinque dierum iter 5 db Carthagme abest. 9. Ariovistus millibus passuum 6 sex a Caesaris castris consedit. 10. Tu, Jupiter, Cati- linam a teciis urbis, a moenibus, a vita fortunisqwQ civium omnium ai^Qebis. 11. Dionysius tyrannus Symcusis 7 expulsus est. 12\^ris^tldes nonne expulsus est patrial 13. Themjs^o^tes-knperator bello Persico servitute 'Grae- L Robustus animus omni cst liber

EULE XXVHI. Ablative of Time. -426,

8 51. 1. Augustus obiit sexto et septuagesimo -aetfitis 9 anno. 2. Socrates supremo vitae die de immortalitfite animorum multa disseruit. 3. Timoleon proelia maxi- 10 ma natali die suo fecit omnia. 4. Qua node natus est

Alexander, eddem Dianae Ephesiae templum deflagrfivit. 5. Solis occasu suas copias Ariovistus in castra reduxit. 6. Nemo mortalium omnibus horis sapit. 7. Laelius 11 sermonem de amicitia habuit paucis diebus post mor- 13 tem Africani. 8. Roscius liteni decldit ahliinc t

9. no quattuor. Cartliago septingente post | condita erat, deleta est.

i 5 8 378, 2. 163, 3. 6 132. 10 165. 7 " 346, II. 1. 427. 8 295, 8. "71,6. 24 LATE* READEE.

RULE XXIX. Ablative of Characteristic. 428. v A fr^ Y %5tjJli.. l 52. 1. Caesar Procillum, summa virtute adolescen- z tem, ad Ariovistum misit. 2. Aristoteles, vir summo ingenio, sdentia, copia, prudentiam cum eloquentia con- 3 junxit. 3. Cato singuldri fnit prudentia et industrid. 4. Appius homo fuit swnmd prudentia, multd etiam doctrma. 5. Hannibalis nomen erat magnd apud omnes gloria. 6. Agesilaus statura fuit huimli et corpore exi- t/no. Y. Caesar fuit excelsd statura, colore candido, nigris oculis.

RULE XXX. Ablative of Specification. 429.

53. 1. 4 Sunt quidam homines non re, sed nomine. 2. Doctrma Graecia Eomanos et omni litterarum genere 5 supembat. 3. Mardonius, rtatione Medus, a Pausania fugatus est. 4. Helvetii reliquos Gallos virtute praece- 6 dunt. 5. Ancus regnavit aimos quattuor et viginti, 7 8 cuillbet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par.

RULE XXXI. Ablative Absolute. 430 & 431.

54. 1. Cognito Caesaris adventu, Ariovistus legfitos 9 10 ad eum mittit. 2. Ite, dels loenejuvantibus. 3. Py- thagoras, Tarquinio Superbo regnante-, in Italiam venit. " 4. Virtute exceptd, nihil amicitia praestabilius est. 5. 12 ::fini pelllbus utuntur, magna corporiaparte mtdd. 6. ISTatus est Augustus, CicerOne et Antonio consulibus.

1 6 9 163, 3. 414, 5. 205. 8 ' 363. 378. 45, 6. 8 7 " II. 391. 428, 1, 2). 191, ; 417. 4 8 " 302. 163, 3. 419. SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 25

7. Romani, Scipione duce, ponte facto, superaverunt Ticinum numen.

RULE XXXIL Cases with Prepositions. 432-435.

55. I. ACCUSATIVE. 1. Sophocles ad summam senec- tutem tragoedias fecit. 2. Adolescentes senum praeceptis l ad virtutum studia ducuntur. 3. Pietas est justitia adversus deos. 4. Ante lucem galli canunt. 5. Epaminon- das Lacedaemonios yicit apud Mantineam. 6. Legiones Etruscorum cis Padum fusae sunt. 7. Utilitatis dere- 2 lictio contra naturam est. 8. Justitia erga deos religio dicitur, erga parentes, pietas. 9. Ratio conciliat inter 4 se* homines. 10. Amicitia est propter se expetenda. 5 11. Animus per somnum curis vacuus est. 12. Post me erat Aegina. 13. Secundum flumen paucae statiunes videbantur. 14. German! trans Rlienum incolunt.

6 II. ABLATIVE. 1. A prima aetdte me pliilosopliia delectavit. 2. Cantabit vacuus coram latrone viator. 7 3. Sex menses cum Antiocho philosopho ftii. 4. Scipio ob egregiam victoriam de Ilannibcde appellatus est Afri- cfinus. 5. Yirtus ex viro appellata est. 6. Cato prae ceteris floruit T. Caesar castris constituit. % legiones pro 8 8. Vita niliil sine magno Idbore dedit mortalibus. 9. 9 Aqua er&t pectoribus tenus.

III. ACCUSATIVE OE ABLATIVE. 1. In amnem ruunt. 2. Gallia est divlsa in partes tres. 3. Homo doctus in se semper divitias habet. 4. Sub ipsa moenia progress!" sunt. 5. Saepe est etiarn sub pallia sordido sapientia, G. Yirtus omnia subter se habet.

1 4 * II. 231 1. 396, ; 460, 378. 2 6 e 362. 419, III. 384, II. 3 6 448, 1. 441, 6; 166. "434,4. 2 26 LATIN KEADEK.

SYNTAX OF ADJECTIVES.

RULE XXXIII. Agreement of Adjectives. 438, 439.

56. 1. Vera amicitia sempiterna est. 2. Verae ami- eitiae sempiternae sunt. 3. Yenit Mems glacidlis. 4. Fugit irreparable tempus. 5. Nihil est ab omni parto ledtum. 6. Atra nubes condidit lunam. Y. Hora quota est ? 8. Qualis est w mens ? 9. Nemo nascitur dives. ' 10. Stultitia et temerit^s fugienda sunt. 11. Labor a 3 voluptasque, dissimilUmd natura, inter se sunt juncta. * 4 12. JSTon terret sapientem mors. 13. fortes fortuna 6 adjiivat. 14. Primd luce summus mons a Labieno 6 tenebatur. 15. Feriunt summos fulgura montes. 16. 8 9 Roscius assiduus" ruri vixit. 1Y. Pliilosopliiae nos 10 ^^?

~~SYNTAX OF PEONOUNS.~~

~~EULE XXXIV. Agreement of Pronouns. 445.~~

~~12 57. 1. Omne animal se ipsum diligit. 2. Ad quas res aptissimi erimus, in Us elaborabmius. 3. Nihil ex- 1S " pedit, quod non decet. 4. Non est vir fortis, qui laborem fugit.~~

~~58. PERSONAL AND POSSESSIVE. 446-449. 1. Omnia~~

1 460 3. ; 439, SYNTAX OF PRONOUNS. 27 animalia se 2. 5V tua* me delectant mea. t diligunt. 3. Ad amicum de amicitia scripsi. 4. Ego beatus sum. 5. In pliilosophiae studio aetfitem consumpsi. 6. Aris- tides non effugit civiuni suorum invidiam.

~~5 9, DEMONSTRATIVE. 450-452. 1. Haec est tyrannorum vita. 2. ^T^^jIC*eeetaiEatr. 3. file est vir. 4. Ab ipso Gracclio eddem haeo audlmiis. 5. Homo habet memoriam et earn* infimtam.~~

60. RELATIVE. 453. 1. In mimdo Detis est, qui regit, gui gubernat, qui cursus astrurum, mutationes temporuin, rerum vicissitudmes conservat. 2. Riclen- 6 tur, mala gui componunt carmifta. 3. Eddem est utili- 6 7 tatis, quae honestatis, regtila. 4. Servi moribus iisclein 1 erant, guibus' dominus. 5. Animal hoc provkhim, 8 9 sagax, acutuin, memor, plenum ratiouis, quern vccfi- mu3 hominem, gencriitum est a Deo. 6. Perutiles 10 libri sunt Xenophoutis ;> guos legite studiOse.. " 61. INTERROGATIVE. 454. 1. dii imm ortales," quam rem publicam Labemus, in qua, urbe vivunus ? 2. Quae in me est facultas ? n 62. INDEFINITE. 455-459. 1. Exspectfibam cdl- 15 quem meorum." 2. "Veni Athenas, neque me qidsq^iam ibi agnovit. 3. Aut nemo, aut^ si quisquam, Cato sapi- 16 " ens fuit. 4. Suum cuique pnlclirnm est. 5. Optimum 18 19 quidque rarissimum est. 6. Consiilum alter cxercitum perdidit, alter vendidit. ,

~~1 8 M 371. 1. 399, 2, 2).' 441, 2 9 10 441, 1. 445, 4. 379. 3 10 10 452, 1. 453. 384. 4 u 1T 451, 2. 45, 6. 165*; 441, 2. * 12 18 453, 2. 369. 458, 1. >~~

~~1J> 13 451, 5. 468. 149. \ 7 428. 28 LATIN READER.~~

~~SYNTAX OF YEEBS.~~

~~AGREEMENT.~~

~~RULE XXXV. Verb with Subject. 460-463.~~

63. 1. Homines, duin docentj discuni. 2. Tantum scimus* quantum memoriil tenemus. 3. Ego libertatem peperi ; ego patriam liberam? 4. Crescit amor numnii, 3 quantum ipsa pecunia crescit. 5. Pars perexigua Ro- * 6 mam inermes deldU sunt. 6. Uterque eoruin exercitum ex castris educunt.* 7. Corinthus, totius G-raeciae lumen, exstinctum'' est. 8. Ratio et oY&tioconciliat* inter se homines. 0. Castor et Pollux ex equis pugnaverunt? *

~~INDICATIVE TENSES AND USE.~~

~~RULE XXXVI. Use of Indicative. 474.~~

~~64. PRESENT. 466, 467. 1. Virtus condliat amici- tras. 2. Null a habemus arma contra mortem. 3. In proelio cita mors venit, aut victoria laeta.~~

~~65. IMPERFECT. 468, 469. 1. Laelius orationcm suani exornabat. 2. Exspectabam advcntum Menandri. 10 3. Ly curgi leges vigebant. 4. Ut Romae consoles, sic C/irtliagine quotannis bini reges credbantur.~~

~~66. FUTURE AND FUTURE PERFECT. 470, 473. 1. Ro-~~

~~1 460, 2. SYNTAX OF VEKBS. 29~~

~~' 2 mam quum venero, quae perspexero, scriham ad to. 3 2. Ut seinentem feceris, ita metes. 3. Si te rogavero 3 aliquid, non respondebis f~~

67. PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT. 471, 472. 1. Hos- tes, ubi primnm nostros equites conspexeruntf celeriter nostros perturbaverunt. 2. Ipse semper cum Graecis Latlna conjunxi. 3. Civitas haec semper a me defensa est. 4. Lacedaernoniorum gens fortis fuit, dum Lycurgi 5 leges vigebant. 5. Summa, cura, exspectabam adventum 6 Menaadri, qncm ad te miseram. 6. Hannibal tres mo- dios aureOrum annulurum Cartliagmem misit, quos 7 8 manibus equitum EomanGruni detraxerat. ^ \ SUBJUNCTIVE. TENSES AND USE.

~~RULE ^KXyil. Sequence of Tenses. 480, 481.~~

9 63. 1. Ego vos liortor, ut amicitiam omnibus rebus liuinanis antcpondtis. 2. Phllosophia nos clocuit, ut 11 nosmet ipsos nosceremus. 3. Dubitant nonnulli do 13 mundo, casune ipse sit effectm- an mento divlna. 4. 15 .Epaminondas quaesivit, salvnsne esset "clipeus. 5. Epa- minondas rogiivit, essenfaQ fusi liostes. 6. Ego in publicis ita sum versatus, ut defenderim multos.

~~EULE XXXVIII. Potential Subjunctive. 485, 486.~~

~~1C " 69. 1. Quaerat quispiam, cujusnam causa 14 dus factus sit. 2. Videos rebus" injustis j~~

~~'370. 30 LATIN READER.~~

' 2 maxime dolere. 3. Equidem vellem? ut redlres. 4. * Forsitan quaeras qui iste terror sit. 5. Hoc sine ulla 5 iitiunc confirmavcrim. 6. Quid facidtis f 7. 6 haec faciat f 8. Quid mdeatur Deo magnum in rebus 'humanis ?

RULE XXXIX. Desire. 487 488. Subjunctive of ; 70. 1. Imltemur majorcs nostros. 2. Valeant cives mei s-int sint beati sfe haec urbs ; incolumes, ; praeclara. 1 8 3. Eeligio et tides anteponatur' amicitiae. 4. Orator 9 imitetur Demosthenem. 5. Is qui imporat aliis serviat 10 ipse nulli cupiclitati. 6. In rebus prosperis superbiam arrogantiamquej^t^ttTmw?. 7. Xe qnis, tanquam parva, faslidiat grammaticae elemeirlS.

~~RULE XL. Subjunctive of Purpose or Result. 489. T 71. UT AND ]S E. 490-493. 1. Eomiini ab aratro~~

11 abduxerunt Cincimiatum, ut dictator esset. 2. Phaetlion 12 " optavit, ut in currum patris ttiUeretur" 3. Caesar 1 * adLamiani scripsit, ut ad ludos omnia^x/rr?;^. 4. Ti- moleon oravit omncs, no id 'facerent* 5. DecrGvit senfittiSj ut consul viderc-l" no quid res publlca detri- 1

T T 72. L T AND L T NON. '494-496. 1. Tanta vis probi- tatls cst, nt earn in hoste etiam diligdmus. 2. Dives est, 1!J cui tanta possessio est, ut nihil optet amplius. 3. Epa- 20 21 mi;ioiidas adeo fuit veritfitis diligens, ut no joeo qui-

~~1 2 105. 305, ; SYNTAX OF VERES. 31~~

1 dem mentiretur. 4. Quis est tarn miser, ut^lion Dei 2 munificentiam senserit f 5. Alcibiades erat ea sagacitate, 1 ut decipi non posset*

73. Quo, Qura, QUOMINUS. 497-499. 1. Lex brevis est, quo facilius ab imperltis tenedtur. 2. Nunquam 6 accedo ad te, quin abs te abeam, doctior. 3. Quis dubi- 6 tet, quin in virtute divitiae sint ? 4. Quid obstat, quominus Deus sit beatus ?

74. RELATIVE. 500, 501. 1. Caesar equitatum, qui sustineret hostium impetum, misit. 2. Kon tu is es, quern nibil delectet. 3. Ego is sum, qui nihil unquam 7 mea, potius quam meoru^\ civium causa, fecerim.* 4. Nihil est quod Deus efficere non possit. 5. Nullum est animal praeter hommem, quod habeat notitiam aliquam. 10 11 Dei. 6. Inventi sunt multi, qui non modo pecuniam, 12 I3 sed vitam etiani profundere prp patria parati cssent.

~~RULE XLI. Subjunctive of Condition. 503-513.~~

~~14 75. DUM, MODO, DUMMODO. 505.- 1. Oderint, dum 10 meiuant. 2. Multi 'omnia recta negligunt, dummodo potentmmrconsequantur. 3. Omnia postposui, dummodo 15 praeccptis~~

76. Ac si, UT si, QUASI, ETC. 506. 1. Tu similiter 10 " facis, ac si me rogesr cur te duobus contuear ociilis. 2. Patres nietus cepit," velut si jam ad portas liostis es 3U 20 3. Quid testibus utor, quasi res dubia sit f

~~1 602, III 2. 32 LATIN READEK.~~

77. Si, NISI, ETC. : Qui=Si is, ETC. 507-513. 1. 1 Anirnum rege, qui, nisi paret, imperat. 2. Si beatam 3 vitam volumus* adipisci, virtu ti opera danda est. 3. orationes latulo imitari Thucydidis ego ; neque possim* * si velim* nee velim fortasse, si possim. 4. Non possem vivere, nisi in litteris viverem.* 5. Consilium, ratio, sen- 6 7 8 9 tentia nisi essent in senibus, non summum consilium

~~' majores nostri appellassent senatum.~~

~~EULE- XLII. Subjunctive of Concession. 515, 516.~~

11 78. LICET, QUAMVIS, ETC. 1. Licet ipsa vitium sit 12 ambitio, frequenter tamen causa virtutum est. 2. Non e^t inagims pumilio, licet in inQnte constiterit. 3. Quam- 13 14 lb vis se ipso contentus sit sapiens, amicis illi opus est. 4. Ego, qui sero Graecas lift-eras attigissem, tamen com- 16 17 plures Atlienis dies sum commorutus.

10 79. ETSI, TAMETSI, ETIAMSI. i. Eloquentiae stu- 19 r dendum est, etsi efi quidam pen erse abutuntur. 2. etiamsi nobilitatum non sit tamen lionestum est Hoc, ; 2l etiamsi a nullo laudetur, est laudabile.

~~RULE XLIII. Subjunctive of Cause. 517-520.~~

~~80. QUUM, Qtn. 518, 510. 1. Quum vita sine ami- 22 amicitias cis metus plena sit, ratio ipsa monet compa- v'e. 2. Quum sint in nobis consilium, ratio, prudentia,~~

~~'508. SYNTAX OF VEKBS. 33~~

' 2 necesse est, Deum haec ipsa habere majura. 3. Quum 3 4 5 venissem Athenas, sex menses cum Antiocho, nobilis- 7 - snno philosopho, fui. 4. Caninius fuit mirifica vigil an 8 9 tia, qui suo toto consulatu somnnm non viderit.

81. QUOD, QUIA, ETC. 520. 1. Plato eseam" malo- 12 nnn appellat voluptatem, quod ea, homines capiantur, velut hamo pisces. 2. Nemo nnquam.est oratorein, quod Latme loqueretur+admirdtus. 3. Mater irata est, quiti non redierim. / \ O cgO- RULE XLIY. Subjunctive of Time wXk Cause. 521-523.

82. 1. Dum reliquaa naves convenirent, ad lioram 13 nonam exspectavit. 2. Quievere milites, dum praefec- 14 tus anna inspiceret. 3. Tragoedi quotidic, antcquam ]5 pronuntient, vocem sensmi 'excitant. 4. Ante videmus fulgnrationem, quam somim ^aiididimts. 5. Caesar ad 10 fompeii castra pervenit^^rTusquam tompeius senfirct" ,

~~RULE J/fff. Subjunctive in Indirect Questions. 525.~~

83. 1. Nescis^'quantas vires virtus haleat. 2. No- :o men tantum virfcutis usurpas ; quid ipsa valeat, ignoras. 20 3. Lepidus declaravit quantum halcret odium servitutis. ai 4. Caesar equitatum omnem praemittit, qui videant," quas in partes iierfaciant. 5. Non intelligunt liomines, 23 quam magnum vectlgal sit parsimonia." G. In orato-

1 9 645 6 42G. ; 45, a 549. 3 %L8, II. 1. 4 379. S 378. 6 162. 7 363. 8 428. 34 LATIN READER. ribus Graecis, admirabile est, quantum inter omnes unus ' 2 excelled. 7. Mihi non minor! curae est, qualis res publica post mortem moamfotura sit, quam qualis liodie sit.

~~RULE XLVI. Subjunctive by Attraction. 527.~~

84. 1. Me admones, ut me integrum, quoad possim, 3 servem. 2. Quid est, cur non orator de rebus iis elo- 4 quentissime dicat, quas cognorit. 3. Jussit ut, quae 3 venissent, naves Euboeam peterent. 4. In Horteiisio mempria fuit tanta, ut, quae secum commentdtus esset, 5 6 7 ea.verbis iisdem redderet, quibus cogitavisset. 5. Re- s 9 cordatione nostrae arnicitiae sic fruor, ut beate vixisse videar/ quia cum Scipioiie vixer.im.

~~RULE XLYII. Subjunctive in Indirect Discourse. 529.~~

~~11 12 85. 1. Socrates dicebat, omnes in eo, quod sclrcnt^ 13 11 1> satis esse eloquentes. 2. Apud Hypanim fluvium, 10 Aristoteles ait, bestiolas quasdem ^nasci, quae unum~~

' 7 diem vivant. 3. Ariovistus Caesari respondit : quid 18 sibi vellet f cur in suas possessiones venlrct f jus esse 19 belli, ut, qui vicissent, iis, quos vicissent, qiiemadmo- dum vellent, imperarent. 4. Legationi Ariovistus respon- 20 dit : si quid ipsi a Caesare opus esset^ sese ad eum 21 venturum fuisse; si quid ille a se velit, ilium ad se " venire oportere. 5. Divico ita cum Caesare cgit : si 23 paceiri popLilus Romanus cum Helvetiis/^cc/^, in earn

~~165. SYNTAX OF VERBS. 35~~

~~' 3 ' partem ituros Helvetios, ubi eos Caesar esse voluisset ; * sin bello persequi perseverdret, reminisceretur pristmae 5 virtutis Helvetiorum.~~

~~IMPERATIVE TENSES AND USE.~~

~~RULE XLVIII. Imperative. 535.~~

86. 1. Sperne ;voluptates. 2. Consulate vobis," Pa- Ires conservate '[conscript i, 'prospiciie patriae, vos," conju- vestras RonuTni noinen beros, ibrtunasque ; popiili 9 3. Vive inemor leti liora. ndite.^ ; fngit 4. Yaletndinein tuani cura diligenter. 5. Yirtutes excita, si forte dormiunt. C. Poemata. dulcia sunto. 1. Im- ll 12 13 pius ne audeto placare donisiram deuruin.. 8. Con- stiles militiae summum jus Jiabento^ nemmi parento. 9. J4 14 Noll te oblivisci CicerOncin esse. 10. Cura ut quam 15 10 primum venias. .

~~.INFINITIVE TENSES AND USE.~~

~~Tenses of Infinitive. 540-544.~~

~~EULE XLDL Subject of Infinitive. 515.~~

~~Predicate after Infinitive. 546, 547.~~

~~Infinitive g& Subject* 549.~~

~~87.1. Virum lonum esse, semper est.utile." 2. Om- 18 nibus bonis expedit, salvam esse rem publicam. 3. A " 13 Deo mundum necesse est regi. 4. Concedendum est~~

1 I. 3 295. 530, ; 545, ; 36 LATE* HEADER. in virtute sola positam esse bedtam vitam. 5. Laelium ' doctum fuisse traditum est. 6. Lcctltavisse Platonem 1 2 studiuse Demosthenes dicitur. 7. ]STon esse cupidum 3 pecunia est. 8. Non esse cmdcem vectlgal est. 9. Con* 4 5 tentum suis rebus esse maximae snnt divitiae. 10. Di' 6 7 3 ligere parentes prima naturae lex est. 11. Lycurgi 8 temporibus Homerus fuisse dicitur. 12. Imperdre sibi maximum est imperium. 13. Parentes suos non amarc* impietas est. 14. Constat ad salutem civium invented 9 10 csse leges. 15. Pecuniam praeferre amicitiae sordidum 11 est. 10. Niliil est tarn angusti animi, quarn amdre divitias. 17. Ex malis eligere minima oportet.

Infinitive as Object.--550, 551. 83. 1. Ferre laborem constietudo docet. 2. Vincere 13 13 scis, Ilannibal, victoria uti nescis. 3. Magister tuus " J5 :6 te magna mercede nihil sapere docuit. 4. Niini sum vel Graece loqui, vel Latine docendus? 5. Ken n Je omnes sciunt referre beneficium. 6. A Graecis Galli 10 urbes moenibus cingere didicerunt. 7. Kon utilem arbitror

~~19 414. 2U 531. 21 396, 2, 3). 22 547, I. 23 414. 21 289. 25 544. 25 293. SYNTAX OF VERBS. 37~~

~~Infinitive in Special Constructions. 553.~~

l 89. 1. Consilium erat continudre JDellum. 2. Bene et beate vivere est honeste et recte vivere. 3. Postumio 3 negotium dabatur videre? ne quid res publica detri- 4 5 ment! caperet. 4. Fuit fama Themistoclem venenum 8 7 siui sponte sumpsisse. 5. M$ non cum bonis esse f 6. 8 9 Tene hoc, Atti, dicere, tali prudentia praeditum ? 7.

~~Adeone esse ut sum ! hominem infellcem quemguatny ego~~

~~SUBJECT AND OBJECT CLAUSES. 554-558.~~

90. SUBJECT CLAUSES. 555, 556. 1. Quaeritur, quid 10 n faciendum sit. 2. Yerum est aniicitiam inter bonos 13 13 esse. 3. Eeliquum est, ut certemus officiis inter nos. 1 * 15 4; Accedit quod patrem amo.

91. OBJECT CLAUSES. 557, 558. 1. !Non dubito, tu 10 16 quid responsurus sis. 2. Rogavi pervenissentne Agri- gentunj. 3. Sentlmus nivem esse albam; dulce, mel. 4. Democritus dicit innumerabiles esse mundos. 5. Me- 17 1- mmi gloriatum esse Hortensium, quod nunquam bello 19 'civlli interfuisset.

~~GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 559-5G6.~~

20 92. GENITIVE. 563. 1. Sapientia ars vivendi pu- 21 tanda est. 2. Caesar loquendi finem facit. 3. Mini discmdi, tibi docendi facultatem otium praebet. 4. Le- gendi semper occasio est, audiendi, non semper. 5. Epa-

~~1 553, I. LATIN READER.~~

2 minondas studiosus erat audiendi? 6. Maxime sum s cupidus te audiendi. 7. Demosthenes Platonis studiosus audiendi fuit. 8. Multi propter gloriae cupiditatem cupidi sunt ~belldrum gerendorum. 9. Exercendae memo- 4 6 6 riae gratifi, quid quoque die audierim, commemoro vespere.

~~1 93. DATIVE. 564. 1. Crassus disserendo' par non erat. 2. /Solvendo* civitates non erant. 3. Numa sacer-~~

~~dotibus* creandis animum adjecit. 4. ~Mo-aspec6ri bonus alendo erat. 5. Consul placandis diis dat operam. 6. Sunt nonimlli acuendis puerorum ingeniis non imitiles lusus.~~

10 94. ACCUSATIVE. 565. 1. Homo ad intelligendum et ad agendum est natus. 2. Breve teinpus aetatis satis 11 longum est ad bene vivendum. 3. Bene sentire recte- ia que facere satis est ad bene beateque vivendum. 4. 13 Pythagoras Lacedaemona ad cognoscendas Lycurgi leges contendit. 5. Ubii iiaviuin magnam copiam ad transpartandum exercitum poHicetei|a'. 6. Catilina, 14 nobilisslmi generis vir, sed ingenii pravissimi, ad delen- dampatriam conjuravit cum audacissimis viris.

5 16 95. ABLATIVE. 566. 1. NihiP agenda homines 17 male agere. discunt. 2. Lycurgi leges laboribus erudi- nnt juventutem, venando, currendo, algendo, aestuando. 3. Omnis loquendi elegantia augetur legendis oratoribus 18 ^tpoetis. 4. Yirtutes cernuntur in agenda. 5. Multa ,.e bene beateque vivendo a Platone disputata sunt.

~~1 399, 2, 2). SYNTAX OF VERBS. 39~~

~~SUPINE. 567-570.~~

~~L. Supine in TJM. 569.~~

~~Supine in u. 570.~~

96. 1. Lacedaemonii Agesilaum lelldtum miserunt in 1 Asiam. 2. Themistocles Argos hdbitdtum concessit. 2 3. Hannibal patriam defensum reYocatus est. 4. Yei- entes pacem petltum oratores Romam mittunt. 5. Quod 3 4 optimum factu videbitur, facies. 6. Quid est tain ju- cundum coynttu atque audttu, quam sapientibus senten- 5 6 tiis ornata oratio ? T. Pleraque dictu, quam re sunt 7 faciliora.

~~PARTICIPLES. 571-581.~~

~~8 97. 1. Alexander moriens anniilum dedit Perdiccae.~~

2. Hippias in Marathon ia pugna cecidit, arm a contra patriam fevens? 3. Apelles pinxit Alexandrum Magnum fulmen tenentem in templo Epliesiae Dianae. 4. Sol 10 " occidens noctem conficit. 5. Terra mutdta non mu- ia tat mores. 6. Dionysius tyrannus, Syracusis *expulsus, 13 M Corinthi pueros docebat. T. Hannibal impcrfitor foetus omnes gentes Hispaniae bello subegit. 8. Sacer- dos vincta in custodiam datur. 9. Regibus exactis, con- 1& siiles creati sunt. 10. Perffitis rebus omnibus, tamen 1G 1T ipsa virtus se sustentare potest. 11. Athenienses, non 19 19 exspectdto auxilio, in proelium egrediuntur. 12. Sperne

~~J 379. 40 LATIN KEADEL'.~~

nocct dolore l 13. voluptfites ; empta voluptas. Dilapsi 3 sunt in oppkla moenibus se defensuri? 14. Pueris 3 sententias ediscendas damus. 15. Lentiilus attribuit 4 urbem inflammcCndam Cassio, totam Italiam vastandam Catillnae.

~~SYNTAX OF PAETICLES.~~

~~RULE LI. Use of Adverbs. 582-585.~~

~~CONJUNCTIONS, 587, 588.~~

6 98. ADVEKBS. 1. Sapient/is animus semper vacat 6 vitio, nunqiiam turgescit; nunquam sapiens irascitnr. 7 8 9 %. Semper in proelio iis maximum est periciiliim qui 10 maxime timent. 3. Ut secuncla moderate tulimus," sic adversam fortim&m fortlter ferre deberrius.

99. CONJUNCTIONS. 1. Horae cedunt et dies et menses 12 et anni. 2. N'eque pecuniae neque tecta magnifiea ne- " que opes neque imperia neque volnptates in bonis rebus numerandae sunt. 3. Atticus neque mendacium dicebat neque pati poterat. 4-. Yirtus nee eripi nee surripi potest 14 incendio amittitur. unqnam ; neque naufragio neque 13 5. A.ut ]abores aut sumptus suscipere nolunt; 6. Est 10 " philosophi liabere non vagam, sed certain sententiam. 18 7. Jus sua est denim omnes viri sponte expetendum ; Loni jus ipsum amant.

~~J 416. ''Tret-~~

~~PAUT SECOND. LATIN SELECTIONS.~~

~~FABLES.~~

NOTE. It is recommended that, in reading the Fables and Anecdotes, special attention should be given to Gender and to the Formation of Cases, especially of the Genitive Singular of the Third Declension. 44, 47, 55- 90, 99-115, 118, 120,

~~The Kid and the Wolf. 100. stans * in tecto 2 3 Hoedus, domus, lirpo praeter- " 4 " eunti maledixit. Cui lupus, Non tu" inquit, sed tectwn mihi maledicit"~~

~~5 6 7 Saepe locus et tempus homines timidoa audaces 8 rccldit,~~

~~The Oxen.~~

9 10 11 101.- In eodem prato pascebantur tres boves in ia maxima, concordia, et sic ab onvni ferarum incursiune 13 " tuti erant. Sed dissidio inter illos orto, singiili a fcris petit i ct laniilti sunt. ir> Fabiila dooct, quantum boni sit in concordia. 42 LATIN EEADEE.

~~(. DL The Woman and the Hen.~~

1 102. Mulier quaedam Labebat gailmam, qtiae ei a 3 quotidie ovum pariebat aureum. Hinc suspicari coepit, illam auri massam intus celare, et galllnam occldit. Sed * niliil in eu, repent, nisi quod in aliis galllnis reperlii 5 6 7 solet. Itaque duni majoribus divitiis inhiilbat, etiam minores perdidit.

~~The Peasant and the Mouse.~~

~~8 103. Mus a rustico deprehensus tarn acri morsu 9 lit ille ejus digitos vulneriivit, eum dimitteret, dicens : " 10 Niliil, mehercule, tampusillum est, quodde salute des-~~

~~perare debeat" modo se defendere vdit .~~

The Fox and the Grapes. " 104. Yulpes uvam in vite conspicata ad illam sub- 14 1 siliit omnium virium surirum contention e, si earn forte attiugere posset. Tandem defatigata inani labore disce- " dens dixit : At nunc etiam acerbae sunt, nee eas in via, ** 1T rcpertas tollerem" Haec fabiila docet, multos ea contemnere, quae se 18 assequi posse desperent.

~~The Wolf and the Crane.~~

~~J0 105. In faucibus lupi os inhaeserat. Mercede igitur 20 11 conducit gruem, qui ilUid extraliat. Hoc grus longi- 21 tudine colli facile eff ecit. Quum autem mercedem~~

~~1 384, II. 43~~

~~1 3 postularet, subrldens lupus et dentibus infrendens, " " 3 Num tibi" inquit, parva merces videtur, quod co- " put incolume ex lupifaucibus extroxisti ?~~

Trumpeter. 4 " 106, Tubicen ab hostibus captus, JW me" inquit, " * interfidite / nam inermis sum, neque qiddquam ha- " leo praeier licmo tubam" At liostes, Propter hoc " ipsum" inqniunt, te interimemus, quod, quum ipse 7 8 pugnandi sis imperltus^ olios ad pugnam incitdre *d<%? 9 Fabula docet, non solum nialeficos esse pimienclos, 10 sje.d etiam cos, qui alios ad male faciendum irrltent."

~~The Husbandman and Ms Sons..~~

12 13 107, Agricola senex, quum mortem sibi appro- 14 15 10 pinqufire sentlret, filios convocfivit, quos, ut 'fieri solet, interdum discordare noverat,"" et fascem Tirgulfirum 1B afferri jubet. Quibu^allatis, filios liortfitur, ut liunc, 19 fascem Iran gerent. Quod quum facere non possent,, distribuit singiilas virgas, iisque celeriter fractis, docuit 20 21 illos, quain firma res esset concordia, quamque imbe- cillis discord ia.

~~^ The Mice. 108, Mures aliquando liabuerunt consilium, quo- 23 modosLbi" a fele cav-erent. Multis aliis propositisjx~~

~~1 518, II. 44 LATIN EEADEB.~~

2 omnibus ci* tintinnabulunrannecterGtur sic placuit,mt ; 3 enim ipsos sonitu admomtos earn fugcre posse. Scd inter mures feli quum jam qiiaerfcretrir,* qui tintin^aj luni annecteret, nemo repertus est. 8 7 Fabiila docet,.in suadeiido, plurhnos esse auXliuces, seel in ipso periciilo thnid-j:-.

~~__ * The Enemies.~~

8 9 109, In eadem navi vehebantur duo, qui inter se 9 10 capitalia odia exercebant. Unus eorum in prora, alter - " in puppi residebat. Orta tempestiite ingenti, quum vita, in omnes de desperarent, interrogat is, qui puppi utram sedebat, gubernatorem, partem nawsprius sub~^ a mersum iri existimMret. Cui gubernator, JProram" " respondit. Turn ille, Jam mors mihi non molcsta est, quum inimlci mei mortem adspeciurus sim"

~~The Tortoise and the~~

110. Testudo aquilam magnopei^wabat, ut sese. 13 14 volare doceret. Aquila ei ostendebat^quidem, e-^.m ai 1C 17 rcm naturae suae contrariam sed ilia j\milo petere ; minus instabat, et obsecrfibat aquilam, ut so yolufrem 18 facere vellet. Itaque ungulis arreptani aqujl.; 13 in sublime, et,demisit illam, ut per aerem ferrctur. Turn in saxa irtcideris comminUta interiit." Haec fabula docet, multos cupiditatibus suis occ. tos consilia prudentiGrum respuere, et iii exitium riiyre 20 stultitia sua. FABLES. 45

~~The Lion.~~

l 111. Societiitem junxerant leo, juvenca, capra, ovis. Praeda autem, quam ceperant, in quattuor partes aequa- 2 " 3 les divisa, leo, Pr-ima" ait, "meaest; debetur enim haeo praestantiae meae. Tollam et secundam, quam 4 & 6 meretur robur meum. Tertiam vincTicat sibi egregins 8 labor meus. Quartern, qui sibi arrogdre valuer itJ is 10 " iat* se habiturum meinimicuitYi,sibi" Quid facerent imbecilles bestiae, ant quae sibi leonem infestum liabere vellet? 11

Anaxagoras. 13 a 112: Ankxagoram fenmt, nuntiatil morte filii, 13 dixisse : "'Sciebam me genuisse mortdlem." TMlcs. 14 " esset . life. Tliales interrogatus, quid Deus, Quod" " intjuit, initio etfine caret" 16 114. Thales interrogatus, quid esset difficile, ."/Sb 1T esset facile : ij}stim" inquit, "nosse" Interrogatus, quid " Mierum" inquit, "admonere" 115. Thales rogatus, quid maxime commune esset 1B " " Jiano enim et illi ha- Jrominibus, Spes" responclit, lent, qui aliud nihil" 10 116. Quum. Thales interrogaretur, quid esset omnium vetustissinram, respondit: "Deus, quod nunquam ' esse coepit" 46 LATIN EEADEE.

~~Socrates.~~

in ar- 117. Socrates, ponrjDii quum magna vis auri 1 " gentique ferretur, Quam multa non desidero" inquit. 2 3 118. Sapientissimus Socrates dieebat, scire se ntftil, * praeter hoc ipsum^ quod nihil sciret : rellquos hoc etiam ncscire.

~~Scipio Africanus.~~

119. Scipio Africanus nunquam ad negotia publica 5 6 accedebat, antequam in templo Jovis precatus esset. 7 120. Scipio Africanus Ennii poetae imaginem in 8 sepulcro gentis Corneliae collocari jussit, quod Scipionuin 9 res gestas carniinibus suis illustraverat.

~~Antigonus and the Cynic.~~

10 121. Ab Antigono Cynicus quidam petiit talentum. 11 ia 13 Respondit, plus esse^ quam quod Cynicus petere de- foret.* Eepulsus petiit denarium. Eespondit rex, mi- " nus" esse quam quod regem deceret dare.'*

~~Cicero.~~

~~15 16 122. Cicero Dolabellae dicenti, se triginta annos 17 " " ]iabere, Verum.est" inquit, nam hoc jam ante viginti annos audlvi" The Lacedaemonians.~~

~~le 123. Lacedaemonii, Philippo minitante per litte- 19 ras, se omnia quae conarentur proliibiturum," quaesi- 1 verunt, hum se esset* etiam mori prohibiturus.~~

~~1 518, II. ANECDOTES. 4:7'~~

124. Leonidas, Lacedaemoniomm rex, quum Xerxes 1 " " Veniet scripsisset, Mitte arma;" respondit, cape" ' 1 125. Qimm ad Leonidam quidam militum dixisset, " " " 3 " Hostes sunt prope nos ; Et nos" inquit, prope illos."

* 126. E Lacedaemoniis unus, quum Perses hostis in 1 "Solem 5 colloquio dix^set glorians, prae jaculorum 6 " multitudine et sagittaruin non videbitis," In umbra " igitur" inquit, pugndbimus" 1 127. Lacedaemoriius quidam quum rideretur, quod T " " claudus in pugnam, iret, At mild" inquit, pugndref nonfugere estpropositum"

~~Solon. T 1 128. Solon quum interrogaretur, eitr nullum sup- 9 10 plicitim constituisset in eum, qui parentem necasset, " respondit, s& id nemmem facturum putasse.~~

~~TheopJirastua, the PJiilostpncr. / L -- 129. Theophrastus ad quendam, qui in convivio " silebat "Si stultus prorsus ; es? inquit, re^facis sapientem ; si sapiens, stultain"~~

~~Theocritus, the Poet. L^ , 13 130. Miser poeta praelegerat Theocrito verstfe"suos. 14 Turn interrogabat, quosnam maxime approbfiret," " 16 Quos omisisti" respondit.~~

~~1 518, II. 48 LATIN EEADEE.~~

~~Cornelia.~~

131. Cornelia, Graccliorum mater, quum Campana illam 1 matrona, apud liospita, ornamenta sua pulcher- 2 3 4 rima, ipsi ostenderet, traxit earn serin one, donee e scholfi redlrent 6 " " liberi. Turn, Et haec" inquit, mea sunt ornamenta"

~~Themistocles.~~

132. Memoriam in Themistocle fuisse singularem femnt. ei Itaque quum Simonides artem memoriae pol- 3 " 6 " 7 liceretur, OUivionis" inquit, mallem ; nam me- mmi etiam, quae* nolo ; oblivisci *non possum, guae volo"

8 133. Themistocles quum consuleretur, utrum bono 8 viro pauperi, an minus probato diviti filiam collocaret, " " 10 Ego vero" inquit, malo virum, gui pecunid egeat quam pecuniam, guae viro" 12 134. Themistocles interroganti, utrum Achilles" 14 " esse mallet, an Homerus, respondit : Tu vero mal- 18 16 lesne fa in Olympwo certamme victorcm renuntidri, " " anpraeco esse, gui victorum nomma proddmat"

~~Diogenes, the Cynic.~~

~~18 135. Diogenes Cynicus Myndum profectus, quum 3 19 videret magnificas portas et urbem exiguam, Myn- 20 39 dios monuit, ut portas clauderent, ne urbs egrederetur.~~

~~363. ANECDOTES.~~

TTirasybulus. 136. Quum. quidam Thrasybulo, qui civitatem Athe- x niensium a tyrannorura dominatione liberavit, dixisset : " " Quantas tibi gratias Athenae debent ! ille respondit : " Diifaciant? ut quantas ipsepatriae debeo gratias, tan- 3 tas ei videar retulisse"

~~Xerxes.~~

~~4 137. Xerxes refertus donis fortunae, non equitatu,* non pedestribus copiis, non navium multitudine, non in- 6 finlto pondere auri contentus, praemium ei proposuit, 7 qui invenisset novam voluptatem.~~

~~Metcllus Pius.~~

~~8 138. Metellus Pius, in Ilispania bellum gerens in- 9 10 " terrogatus, quid postero die facturus esset ? Tumcam " 11 meam" inquit, si- id elvqui posset, coniburerem"~~

Pullius Rutilius Eufus. 139. Publius Rutilius Hufus quum amici cujusdam 13 1 14 injustae rogatiOni resisteret, atque is per summam " 15 indignationem dixisset, Quid ergo milii 6pus est ami- 15 16 " " citifi tua, si, quod rogo, non facis ? Immo" in- " milii quit, quid tud^ si propter tc allquid injustc " facturus sum 9

~~Philip.~~

~~140. Mulier quaedam a Philippo, quum a convivi.^~~

~~1 518, II. 50 LATIN" EEADEE.~~

~~1 " temulentus recederet, darnnata, A Pliilippo" inquit, " temulento ad Philippum sobrium provbco."~~

~~Titus.~~

141. Titus amor et deliciae generis humani appellatus est. Beeordatus quondam super coenam, quod nihil a 3 4 cuiqnam toto die praestitisset, memorabilem illam " merituque laudatam vocem edidit : Amid, diem perdidi"

~~XenopJion.~~

1 142. Xenophon, quum solemne sacrum faceret, 6 filium apud Mantiueam in proelio cecidisse cognovit. Coronam deposuit, sed, ut audlvit fortissime pugnantem 6 7 8 interiisse, coronam capiti reposuit, numina testatus, se majOrem ex virtiite filii voluptatem, quam ex morte dolOrcm

~~Diagoras, the Rliodian.~~

143. Diagoras Rhodius, quum tres ejus iilii in Indis 1 Glymp*is victores renuntiati essent, tanto affectus est 9 10 gaudio, nt in ipso stadio, inspectante popiilo, in filiorum " 12 manibus animam redderet.

~~Euripides, tlie Tragic Poet.~~

144, Atlienienses quondam ab Euripide postulabant, 13 nt ex tragoedia sententiam quandam tolleret. Ille autem in scenam progressus dixit, se fabulas componero 1 * 15 Eolere, ut populunr doceret, non ut a popiilo disceret.

~~1 518, II. ANECDOTES. 51~~

~~Tiberius, tSTRomah Emperor.~~

* 2 145. Tiberius praesidibus onerandas tribfito pro- 3 4 " vincias suadentibus rescripsit : Boni pastoris* est, 6 tondere pecus, non deglulere" 7 8 " 146, Tiberius, Iliensium legatis paulo serius de morte filii Drusi consolantibus, imdens, se quoque, re- 10 spond it, vicem eorum dolere, qiiod egregium civem Hec- n torem amisissent. Effluxerant autem turn plus quam " mille anni a morte Hectoris.

" " 147. Quum de Simonide quaesivisset tyrannns 16 " Hiero, quid esset Deus;' deliberandi sibi unum diem 18 15 postulavit. Quurn idem ex eo postridie quaereret, biduum petivit. Quum saepius duplicaret numerum ie cur ita faceret diemiDj admiransque Hiero rcquireret, ; " u 10 Quia" inquit, quanto diutius considero, tanto miJd res videtur obscurior"

~~1 2 70, ; 384. ROMAN HISTORY.~~

NOTE. It is recommended that, in reading the Roman History, special attention should be given to the Synopsis of Conjugation and to the For- mation the Parts the Verb. 216-226 240-242 246-260. of of ; ;

~~PERIOD I. ITALIAN AND ROMAN KINGS.~~

~~FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO TIIE BANISHMENT OF TARQTTIX, 510 B. C.~~

~~Early Italian Kings. Aeneas in Italy.~~

~~1 3 148. Antiquissnnis temporibus Satnrnus inltaliam 3 venisse dicitur. Ibi hand procul a Janiciilo arcem con- 4 6 dklit, eamque Saturniam appellavit. Hie Italos primus e 7 agricultural!! docuit.~~

14. Postea Latmus in illis regionibus imperilvit. Sub lios rege Troja in Asia, eversa est. Hinc Aeneas, 8 AncliTsae filins, cum multis Trojanis, quibus ferrum 9 10 ' GraecM'Tum peperce^at, aufugit, et in^Itaiiajn perve- 10 11 n it. n$i Latliius rex ei benigne reqepto flliain Lavi- 9 niain in matrimonium dedit. Aeneas urbeiii condldit, 12 quam in lionorem eonjiigis Lavinium appellavit.

~~^feantt 150. Post S^ regmnn accepit. ! ROMAN HISTORY. 53~~

1 a transtiilit, urbemque condidit in monte Albano, earn- 3 que Albam Longam nuncupavit. Eum secutus est Silvius, qui post Aeneae mortem a Lavinia genitus erat. 4 5 Ejus posteri omnes, usque ad Romam conditam, Albae regnaverunt. 151. Silvius Procas, rex Albanorum, duos filios reli- 6 7 8 quit, Numitorem et Horum minor natu, v j^mulium. Amulius, fratri optionem dedit, utrum regnura liabere 9 10 11 vellet, an bona, quae pater reliquisset. JSTumitor pa- l tern a Amulius obtinuit. bona praetulit ; regiium

~~Birth of Romulus and Remus.~~

12 152. Amulius, ut regnuin firmissrme possideret, 13 Numitows filium per insidias interemit, et n'Jiam fra- 13 fecit. tris, Rlieam Silviam, Yestalem virginem Kaui 14 his Yestae sacerdotibus non licet viro nuboro. Sed haec a Marte geminos filios, liomiiluui et Remum, pepe- 15 10 rit. Hoc quum Amulius comperisset, matrem in " vincula conjecit, pueros autein in Tiberiin abji'ci 18 jussit. 8 153. Forte Tiberis aqua ultra ripara so effuderatj in 19 20 et, quum pueri vado essent positi, aqua remiens cos 21 in sicco rellquit. Ad, eoi'um vagltum lupa accurrit, videns S eosque uberlbus^uis aluit. Quod" ^Faustiilus 1 et uxGri qui (lain, pastor illiu^regionis, pueros sustulit, Accae Laurentiae ni

~~1 253, E 14 385, 2. 15 254 ; 254, 16 518, II. 54: LATIN KEADEK.~~

~~Rome founded, 'ToB JJ.C.~~

154. Sic Romulus et Remus pueritiam inter pastores 1 2 transegerunt. Quum adolevissent, et forte comperis- 8 sent, quis ipsorum avus, quae mater fuisset, Amulium interfecerunt, et Numitori avo regiium restituerunt. Turn urbem condiderunt in monte Aventlno, quam Ro- mulus a suo nomine Romam vocavit. Haec quum moenibus 4 2 circumdaretur, Remus occisus est, dum fratrem irrldens moenia transiliebat. -

~~Seizure oftJie /Saline Women.~~

5 155. Romulus, ut civium numerum augeret, asylum pateteeit," ad quod multi ex civitatibus suis pulsi accur- 7 rerunt. Sed novae urbis civibus conjuges deerant. Itaque festnm JSTeptuni et ludos instituit. Ad hos quum 8 multi ex finitimis populis cum mulieribus et liberis 2 venissent, Romfmi inter ipsos ludos spectantes virgmes rapuerunt. Lel- 156/Populi illi, quorum virgmes raptae erant, 10 ad'versus raptures susceperunt. Quum Romae ap- propinquiirent/ forte in Tarpeiam virghiein incidermit, quae in arce sacra procurabat.' Hanc rogabant, ut viam in arcem monstraret," elque permiserunt, ut munus sibi 12 13 poscerct. Ilia petiit, ut sibi darent," quod in sinistris 14 15 manibus gererent, annulos aureos et armillas signifi- At hostes in arcem ab efi perducti scutis Tarpc-iam oljruerunt nam et ea in sinistris manibus ; gerebant.

~~^SS; 253, 1. ROMAN HISTORY. 55~~

~~The Salines are received into the City. DcatJi of Romulus.~~

157. Turn Romulus cum hoste, qui moritem Tarpe- iiun tenebat, pugnam conseruit in eo loco, ubi nunc 1 2 forum Romfmum est. In media caede raptae processe- runt, et hinc patres, Line conjuges et soceros complecte- 3 bantur, et rogabant, ut caedis iinem facerent. Utrique liis precibus commoti sunt. Romulus foedus icit, -et Sa- bmos in urbem recepit.

4 158. Postea civitatem descripsit. Centum senato- 6 res legit, eosque quum ob aetatem, turn ob rcvcrentiam ' iis debitam, Patres appellavit. Plebem in triginta curias distribuit, easque raptarum nominibus nuncupavit. An- no regni tricesimo septimo, quum exercitum lustraret, 7 8 inter tempestatem ortam repente ociilis liominum sub- 9 ductus est. Hinc alii eum a senatonbus interfectum, 10 alii ad deos sublotum esse existimaverunt.

~~Numa Fompilius.~~

159. Post Romiili mortem unius anni interregnum 11 12 fuit. Quo elapso, E"uma Pompilius Curibus, urbc in agro Sabinoruin, uatus rex crefitus est. JEIic vir bellum 8 nullum nee minus tamen civitiiti quidem gessit ; profuit. r l\ et am leges dedit, et sacra plurima instituit, ut populi 13 barl)ari et bellicosi mores molllret. Omnia autem, quac faciebat, se nymphae Egeriae, conjugis suae, mo- nitu 14 facere dieebat. Morbo decessit, quadragesnrso tertio imperii anno. 56 LATIN EEADEE.

~~Tullus Uostilius.~~

~~1 160. Numae successit Tullus Uostilius, cujus avus se in bello adversus Sabinos fortem et strenuum virum~~

2 3 pniestiterat. Rex creatus bellum Albania indixit, id- quo trigeminorum, Horatiorum et Curiatiorum, certa- imne finlvit. Albam propter perfidiam Met;i Suffetii 4 5 diruit. Quum triginta duobus annis regnasset, fulmino 8 ictusjjum dorno sui^ arsit.

~~Ancus jjfarcius.~~

161. Post liunc Ancus Marcius, Numae ex filiii ne- poSj.suscepit imperium. Hie vir aequitate et religiune 7 8 avo -sirriilis, Latinos bello domuit, urbem ampliavit, et 9 10 nova ei moenia circumdedit. Carcerem primus aedi- ficavit. Ad Tiberis ostia urbem condidit, Ostiamque vocavit. Yicesnno quarto anno imperil morbo obiit."

~~Lucius Tarquinius Prisons.~~

162. Deinde regnum Lucius Tarquinius Priseus accepit, DemarJIti films, qui tyrannos patriae Corinthi fugiens in Etruriam veneivit: Ipse Tarquinius, qui nonien 12 ab ilfbe Tarquiniis accepit, aliquando Romam profectus" erat.

14 6 163. Quum Eomae cbmmoraretur, Anei regis familiaritfitem consecutus est, qui eum iiliorum suOrum / J5 ' tuturem rellquit. Sed is pupillis regnurn intercepit. S^natoribus, quos Itomiilus creaverat, centum alios ad- KOMAN IIISTOKY. 57 didit, qui minorum gentium sunt appellati. Phira bella * feliciter gessit, nee paucos agrps, liostibus adernptos, 2 urbis tcrritorlo adjunxit. Primus triumplians urbem 3 intnlvit. Cloacas fecit; Capitoliuin inclioilvit. Tri- 4 5 cesimo octavo imperil anno per Anci filios, quibus reg- .num eripuerat, occlsus est.

~~Sermus Tullius.~~

~~164. Post hunc Servius Tullius suscepit imperium, gonitus ex nobili femma, captlvil tain en et. famula. 6 Quum adolevisset, rex ei filiarn in matrimonium dedit.~~

165. Quum Priscus Tarquinius occlsus esset, Tana- 7 quil de superiure parte domus populum allocuta est, dicens: regem grave quidem^ sed non letale vulnus accepisse / enm petere, ut populus, dum convaluissei* Ser- vio Tullio obedlret? Sic Servius regnare coepit, sed bcne imperium administravit. Montes tres urbi 10 adjunxit. Primus omnium censum ordinavit. Sub eo Roma babuit octoginta tria millia civium cum his, qui in agris erant. interfectus est scelcre Ttilliae et 166. Hie rex filjae ' ' ' -r- *. f ' filii cui Servius successe- Tarquinii v Superbi, cjus regis, rat. Nam ab ipso Tarquinio interfectus est. Tullia in properavit, et pryria conjugem regem salutavit. foruii^ " Quum domum redlret, aurlgam super patris corpus, in 12 via jacens, carpentum agere jussit.

~~Banishment of Tarquinius Superbus, 510 B. 0. 13 167. Tarquinius Superbus cognomen moribus me- 14 ruit. Bello tamen strenuus plures finitimorum popu-~~

~~^SG. 58 LATIN READER.~~

~~1 Ln-um vicit. Templum Jovis in Capitolio aedificfivit- 2 Postea, dum Ardeam oppugnabat, urbem Latii, imperium perdidit.~~

168. Lucius Brutus, Collatlnus, alilque nonnulli in 3 4 exitium regis conjurarunt, populoque persuaserunt, ut 6 ci portas urbis clauderet. Exercitus quoqufe, qui civihT- tem Ardeam cum rege oppugnabat, emu rellquit. Tugit itaque cum uxore et liberis suis. Ita Romae septc ges regnaverimt annos ducentos quadraginta quattuor.

~~. PERIOD II. ROMAN ST. AXD CONQUESTS.~~

~~FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE C :. ALTH TO THS I'lUST TUX~~

~~R. C.~~

~~f, 509 7?. C.~~

r 6 7 169. . io cxpulso, consulcs coepcre pro nno 8 rcgo duo creilri, ut, si unus mains esset, alter eum cocr- cGret.' Annuu-iii iis imperiuni tributum cst, ne. per diuturnitiltem pbtestiitis insolentiores redderentnr. FaG- runt igitur anno primo, expulsis regibns, consules Lucius Junius Brutu 'tis vindex, et T; 11 nius Collatlnus. Sed Collatino paulo post dignitas

~~1 " sublata est. PLicuerat enim, ne quis ex Tarquiniornm 13 fainilia Roinao mancTet. Ergo cum omni patrimonfo KUO ex urbe migriivit, et in ejus locum Valer.ius Publi- :i cula consul ilictus cst.~~

~~2. , , 2 4G8. 3 234. 4 252. 5 10 492, 2. 163, 1. ROMAN HISTORY. 59~~

1 170. Commuvit bellum urbi rex Tarquinius. In primfi pugna Brutus consul, et Aruns, Tarquinii films, sese invicem occiderunt. Roinani tamen* ex eii pugna 3 victores recesserunt. Brutum Romanae matronae, quasi 1 communem patrem, per annum luxerunt. Valerius 3 Publicola Spurium Lucretium, collegam sibi* fecit; 5 quuin morbo exstinctus esset, Publicola Horatium Ptil- 8 villum sibi collegam sumpsit. Ita primus annus quinque consules liabuit.

~~. War with Porscna, 508 B. C.~~

171. Secundo quoque anno iternm Tarquinius bel- 7 lum Romanis intiilit, Porsenii, rcge Etiuscorum, anxi- 8 lium ei ferentc. In illo bello Horatius Codes solus 9 et bostes donee pontein ligueum defendit, cobibpit ? pons 10 u a tergo ruptus esset. Turn se cum armis in Tiberim conjecit, et ad suoa transnavit.

, 172, Dum Porsena urbem obsidcbat, Quintus Mu- cius Scaevola, juvenis fortis aiiimi, in castra bostium se 12 13 contiilit eo consilio, ut^regera occideret. At ibi scri- bain regis pro ipso rege interfecit. Turn a regiis satcl- litibus compreliensus et ad regein deductus, quuin 14 15 Porsena eum ignibus ailatis terreret, dextram arao 10 accensae imposuit, donee flammis consumpta esset. 16 Hoc facmus rex miratus juvenem dinaisit incoliimem. 17 Turn bic, quasi beneficium. referens, ait, trecentos alias juvenes m eum conjurasse. Hac re temtus Porsena

~~1 252, 3. GO LATIN EEADEK.~~

~~1 pacem cumRomanis fecit, Tarquinius autem Tusculum 2 se contulit, iblque privatus consenuit.~~

~~Secession to the Mons Sacer, 494 B. C.~~

3 173. Sexto decimo anno post reges exactos, popiilus Ronnie seditionem fecit, questus quod tributis et militifi a senatu exhaurirOtur.* Magna pars plebis urbem rell- 6 6 quit, et in montem trans AniC-nem anmein secessit. Turn patres turbati Menemum Agrippam mist-runt ad. 7 plcbem, qui cam senatui conciliaret. Iliq. iis inter alia fabiilam narravit de ventre et humani membris corporis ; 8 qua populus commotus est, nt in urbem redlret. Turn prim ;i 111 triouni plebis crefiti sunt, qni plebern advcrsum 7 nobilitatis superbiam defenderent.

~~Banishment of Coriolanus, 491 B. C.~~

1 74. Undevicesimo anno post exactos regcs, Marcius, Coriolanus dictns ab urbe Yolscorum Coriolis, 9 qtiam bello ceperat, plebi invlsiis fieri ebepit. Quare 10 urbe expulsus ad Yolscos, aceiTimos*Ronianorum hos- 11 tes, contendit, et ab iis dux exercitus factus Romanes saepe vicit. Jam usque ad quintum milliarium urbis accesserat, nee ullis civium suoriim legationibus fleet! 13 8 pott-rat., ut patriae parctret. Denkpe Yeturia mater 13 ct uxor ex urbe ad eum venGrunt Yolumnia ; quarum 8 fletu et precibus commOtus est, ut cxercitum removeret. 14 9 Quo facto a Yolscis ut proditor occlsus esse dicitur. TM 61

~~The Falii cut off at the Crcmera, 477 B. 0.~~

175. Romani quum adversum Yeientes bellum ge- 1 3 rerent, familia Fabiorum sola hoc bellum suscepit. 8 4 Profecti sunt trecenti sex nobilissimi homines, cluce 5 1 Fabio consule. Quum saepe hostes vieissent. apud Cremeram iluvium castra posuerumy ylbi, quumlYeien- 6 7 tes dolo usi eos in insidiaspellexissent, in proelioixorto omnes perierunt.< *TJnus superfuit ex tanta familia, qui propter aetatem puerllem duci non potuerat ad pugnam.A Ilic genus propagavit ad Quintum Fabium Maximum ilium, qui Hannibalem prudentj ciinctatione debilitavit.y R ^ n - 'alli Senones ad urbem veil Grunt, Romanos [unen Alliam vicOnmt, et urbem etiam occupfi- Jam nihil praeter Capitolium defendi potuit. Et 8 esidium fame laboriibat, et in co erant, nt pa- 9 10 rallis auro emerent, quum CrraSlluti c.iin manu milituin superveniens/fe^stcs magno ]v;>elio B

~~Tor-- fojj 361 jV. C.~~

\ Anno trecentesimo noragesimo tertio post urbem "conditam Gaili iterum ad urbem accesseraut, et " quarto milliario trans Aniencm fluvium' consederant. Contra eos missus est Titus Quinctius. Ibi Gallus qui- 12 dani eximia, corporis magnitiKline fortissimum Ro'manQ- rum ad certamen singulare provocilvit. Titus Manlius,

1 518, II. 62 LATIN nobilissimus juvenis, provocatiunem accepit, Gallum 1 occidit, eumque torque aureo spoliavit, quo ornut us erat. Hinc et ipse et poster! ejus Torqudti appellati 2 simt. Galli fugam eapessiverunt.

~~Beginning of Samnite Wars, 843 B. C.~~

3 178. Postea Roman! bellum gesserunt cum Samni- t-jbus, ad quod Lucius Papirius Cursor cum honure dic- 4 tatoris profectus est. Qui quum negptii cujusdam causa 5 Ivomam Fabio "m'a- redlret, praecepit Quinto Rulliano, gistro equiturn, quem apud exercitum rellquit, ne pug- 6 nam cum lioste committeret. Sed ille occasionem 7 nactus felicissime dimicavit, Saramtes delevit. Ob 8 lianc rem a dictatare capitis damnatus est. At ille in 9 10 urbem confugit, et ingenti" favOro militum et populi " liberatus est in autern tanta est ; fapirium exorta 12 seditio, ut paene ipse interficeretur. ^

~~The Roman Army is made to pass under the yoke, 321 B. C. The Samnites are conquered, 290 B. C.~~

13 179, DuObus annis post Titus Yeturius et Spurius Postumius consules bellum advers^n Samnites gerebant. Hi a Pontio Thelesino, duce liostium, in insidias induct! u sunt. Kam ad Furculas Caudlnas Romanes pellexit in angustias, unde sese expedire non poterant., Ibi Pontius patrera suum Ilerennium rogavit, quid faciendum } pu- 115 tarct. Ille aut occid* , respondit, omnes ndos esse, ut

~~1 419, 2, 1). EOMM. niSTOEY. 63~~

IZomandrum $iresfrangerentu^^mut omnes dimittendos, ' 2 \ut "beneftclo oWi.garentuA Pontius utrurnque consilium improbfivit, omnesque sub jugum misit. Sammtes denique post bellum uudequjnquaginta annorum superati sunt. W^^^Vr^ QQ /

War with 281 B. C. ^ Pyrrlius, 3 180. Devictis Samnitibus, TarentTnis Bellum indic- 4 tuni est, quia'legafis Romanorum injuriam fecissent. Hi Pyrrhum, Eplri regem, contra Romanes auxilium 5 Is mox in Italiam venu1 poposcerunt. , tumqtie primum Roman! cum transmarine hoste pugnavenmt. Missus y est contra eum consul Publius Valerius Laevmus. - Hie, 6 quum exploratores Pyrrlii cepisset, jussit ebs per castra * duci, tumque dimitti, ut renuntiilrent PyrrLo, quaecun-

~~' uue a Romanis agerentur.^ % . %~~

181. Pngna coramissa," Pyrrlms . auxilio elephanto- iiimr vicit. N"ox proelio finem dedjt. Laevmus tarn en per noctem fugit. Pyrrhus Romiinos mille octingentos 9 10 ccpit^ eosque summo lionore tractavit^ Quum eos, qui in proelio interfecti erant, omnes adversis vulneribuii et truci vultu etiam mortuos jacere videret," tulisse- ad coelnm manus dicitur cum liac voce: "Ego cum talibus " 1 * " viris lirem orbem terrarum siibigercm." Postea omnia ferro 182. Pyrrlms Romam perrexit ; vastavit ad ignoque ; Campaniam depopulatiis est, atque 13 14 Praeneste venit, milliario ab urbe octavo decimo.y 16 Mox terrore exercitus, qui cum consule scquebatur, in Campaniam se recepit. Legiiti ad Pyrr]u\m de captivis

~~1 49U Gi LATIN IIKADEE.~~

~~2 redimendis l inissi honorificc ab eo sunt suscepti ; captl-~~

~~vos sine pretio rcddidit. TJnuin ex legfitis, Fabricium, sic admiratiis est, nt ei quartain partem regni sui pro- 3 * 5 si ad se translret scd aFatiricio mittxT.et, ; conteniptus~~

~~' est.~~

103. Quiim jam Pyrrlius ingcnti Romanorum admi- ratifme teneretur, legatuin inisit Cineam, praestantissi- 7 niuin viruin, qui pacem peterct efi conditiune, lit F^rrhus cam partern Italiae, quam armis occupaverat, retinOret." JRomfini respondGrunt, eum cum Ivomanis 9 pacem liabC-re non posse, nisi ex Italia redessisset. Cineas qiium rediissct, Pyrrho euni interrogauti, qualis ipsi " Roma visa esset, respondit, se regum patriam vidisse"

184. In altero proelio Pyrrlijis vulnerutus est, clc- ])lianti intcrfecti, viginti millia hostium caesa sunt. Pynims Tarentum fugit. Interjecto anno, Fabricius contra eum missus est. Ad Imnc medicus Pyrrlii nocte 12 Tenit promittens, se Pyrrhum veneno occisurum, si 4 imimis sibi daretur. Hunc Fabricius vinctum rcduci

jussit ad dommum. Tune rex admiriltus ilium dixisse " fertur : Hie est Fabricius, qui difficilius ab honestcitc, quam sol a cursu suo averti potest." Paulo post Pyr- 13 rlius, tertio etiam proelio fusus, a Tarento recessit.

~~1 II. 566, ; 580. EOMAST niSTOKT. 65~~

~~rn PERIOD ill. ROMAN TRIUSIPHS.~~

~~FROM THE FIRST PUNIC WAR TO THE CONQUEST OF GREECE, 146 B. C. * < First Punic War, 204 B. C'.~~

185. Anno quadringentesimo nonageslmo post urbcm conditam Komanoruni exercitus primum in Siciliam tra- 1 jecerunt, regemque Syracusarum Hieronem, Poenosque, qui multas civitates in eil insiila occupaverant, superaverunt. Quinto anno liujus belli, quod contra Poenos gerebatur, primum Romani, Caio Qjaillio, Cnaeo Cor- 2 3 nelio Asma consulibus, mari dimicaverunt. Duillius 4 Cartliaginienses vicit, triginta naves occupavit, quattu- 5 ordecim mersit, septem millia liostium cepit, tria niillia occldit. !Nulla victoria Eomanis gratior fuit.

~~-' ' First Punic War. continued. Invasion of Africa, 256 B. C.~~

~~186. Pan cis annis interjectis, bellum in Africam est translatum. Hamilcar, Cartliaginiensium dux, pug- nil navali est snperfitus ; nam, perditis sexaginta qnattu~~

1 6 1 I. foot-note. 4 234. 461, ; 200, 2, 1). 243, 1, 252, ; 2 f 10 431. '513, II. 453. 7 J1 '.422,1. 165, 1. 518. 4 8 253, 2. 85, 2. GO LATIN EEADER. miserunt, qui Romanum exercitum magno proelio vicit. Regulus ipse captus et in vincula conjectus est. 187. Non tamen ublque fortuna Carthaginiensibus 1 2 favit. Quum aliquot proeliis victi essent, Regulum ro- 3 gaverunt, ut Romam proficiScerettir, et pacem captivo- runique permutatioiiem a Komanis impetraret. Ille quum Romam venisset, inductus in senatum dixit, se 4 desiisse JZomdnum esse ex ilia die, qua* in potesiutem 7 Poenorum venisset.^ Turn Romanis suasit, ue pacem 8 cum Cartliaginiensibus facerent : illos ehim tot casilus 9 10 fractos spem nullam nisi in pace lidbere : tanti non esse, ut tot mttlia captivorum propter se unum etpaucos^ 11 qui ex Romanis capti essent* redderentur. Haec sententia obtinuit. Regressus igitur in Africam crudelissi- 12 mis suppliciis exstinctus est.

~~End of the First Punic War, 241 B. C.~~

188. Tandem, Caio Lutatio Catulo, Aulo Postumio consulibus, anno belli Puinci vicesimo tertio magnum proeliuin navale commissum est contra Lilybaeum, pro- inontorium Siciliae. In eo proelio septuaginta trcs Carthaginiensium naves captae, centum viginti quinquo 13 dcmersae, triginta duo millia liostium capta, tredecim inillia occlsa sunt. Statim Carthaginienses pacem pcti- H erunt, eisque pax tributa est. Captivi Romanorum, qui tenebantnr a Cartliaginiensibus, reddlti sunt. Poeni Italiain Sicilia," Sardinia, et ceteris insiilis, quae inter nmqiic jacent, decesserunt, omnemque Ilispraiiam, quac citra Iberum est, Romanis pcrmiserunt.

~~6 " 1 270. 531. 4C5, 2. a 7 IS 518, II. 2C9. 276, 1. ir 3 2 4. fc 2. III. 492, ; 374, 492, 273, mcrgo. * 9 234. 530, 1. 273, II. 6 10 J0 42G. 402, 1. 434, 1. KOI'-IAN HISTORY. 67~~

~~Siege of Saguntum The Second Punic War, 218 B. G.~~

1 189., Paulo post Punicum bellum renovatum est 3 per Hannibalem, Carthaginiensium ducem, quern pater 3 4 Ilamilcar novem annos uatum aris admoverat, ut 5 odium perenne in Eomanos juraret. Hie annum agens vicesimum aetatis Saguntum, Hispaniae civitatem, Ho- 6 7 rn finis amicam, oppugnare aggressus est. Huic Eomiini 6 9 per legates denuntiaverunt, ut bello abstineret. Qui 10 quum legatos admittere nollet, Eomiini Carthagmern 5 iniserunt, ut mandaretur Hannibali, ne bellum contra 11 eocios popiili Eomani gereret. Dura responsa a Car- tliaginiensibns reddita. Saguntmis interea fame victis, Eomiini Cartlia^iDiensibus bellum indixerunt.

~~Hannibal crosses the Alps, 218 B. G. Battles of the Ticlnus, Tre- bia, and Lake Trasimenus. Battle of Gannae, 216 B. G.~~

190. Hannibal, fratre Ilasdrubale in Hispanifi re- 12 licto, Pyrenaeum et Alpes transiit. Traditur in Italiam millia et millia octoginta peditum, viginti equitum, septem et triginta elepliantos abduxisse. Interea multi Li- 13 giires et Galli Hannibali se conjunxerunt. Primus ci occurrit Publius Cornelius Seipio, qui, proelio ad Ticl- 12 num cornmisso, superatus est, et, vulnere accepto, in castra rediit. Turn Sempronius Gracchus connixit ad 14 Trebiam amnem. Is qiioque vincitur. Multi popiili se Hannibali dediderunt. Inde in Etruriam progrc , 14 Flaminium consulem ad Trasimenum lacum suporat.

~~1 418. 68 LATIN READER.~~

~~Ipse Flaminius interemptus, RomanOrum viginti quinque millia caesa sunt.~~

191. Quin gentesimo duodequadragesimo anno post urbem conditam Lucius Aemilius Paulus et Caius Te- rentius Yarro contra Hannibalem inittuntur. Quam- quam intellectum erat, Hannibalem non aliter vine! 1 posse quam mora, Varro tamen, morae impatiens, apud Cannae in vicum, qui appelliltur, Apulia pugnavit ; umbo consoles victi, Paulus interemptus est. In el pugna consuliires aut praetorii viginti, senatorcs triginta 2 aut occisi inilitum capti ; quadraginta millia, equitum. tria millia et quingenti perierunt. In his tantis malis nemo tamen pacis mentionem facere dignfitus est.- 3 2 Servi, quod nunquam ante factum, manumissi et milites facti sunt.

192. Post earn pugnam multae Italiae civitates, quas Eomanis* paruerant, se ad Hannibalem transtule- 5 ruiit, Hannibal Eomanis obtiilit, ut captlvos redimtj- rcnt; responsumque est a senatu, cos cives non csse necessaries, qui armciti capi potuissent? Hos oimies illo postea variis suppliciis intertecit, et tres moclios au- 8 reorum annulorum Cartliaginem misit, quos maiiibus 9 equitum Eomanorum et senatorum detraxerat. Interea in Hispania frater Hannibalis, Hasdriibal, qui ibi reman- 10 SLTat cum magno exercitn, a duobus Scipionibus vin- 11 Citur, perditque in pugnfi triginta quinque millia lioniinum.

~~13 193. in Sicilifi res prospere gesta est. Marcellus magnam hujus insulae partem cepit, quam Poeni occu-~~

~~3 5 9 399, 2. 292, 2. 248, I. 1.~~

Poenorum ducem, apud Agrigentum cepit ; quadraginta civitiites in deditionem accepit, viginti sex expugnavit. 3 Ita omni Sicilia recepta, cuui ingenti gloria Romam regressus est. 194. Interea in Hispaniam, ubi duo Scipiones ab Hasdrubale interfecti erant, missus est Publius Cornelius 4 Scipio, vir Romanorum omnium fere primus. Hie, puer duodeviginti annorum, in pugna ad Ticmum, patrem singulari virtute servavit. Deinde post cladem Cannen- v sem multos nobilissimorum ji:v"T'iini Italiam deserere 6 cupientium, auctoritate suil ab hoc consiiio dote:;nit. 8 Yiginti quattuor annos natus in Hispaniam missus, die, qua, venit, Cartliagmem Novam cepit, in qua omne aurum et argentum et belli apparatum Poeni habebant, 7 nobilissimos quoque obsides, quos ab Hispanis acceperant. IIos obsides parentibus reddidit. Quare omnes fere 8 Ilispaniae civitates ad eum uno ammo transierunt.

195. Anno quarto decimo postquam in Italiam Han- nibal venerat, Scipio consul crefitus, et in Africam missus est. Ibi contra Hannonem, ducein Carthaginiensium, 9 prospere pugnat, totumque ejus exercitum delet. Se- cundo proelio undecim millia hommum occldit, et castra cepit cum quattuor millibus et quingentis militibus. 10 3 Qua re audita, omnis fere Italia Ha,nnibalem deserit. Ipse a Cartliaginiensibus in Africam redlre jubetur. Ita Italia liberata est.

~~1 & 8 379. 577. 414, 3. 4 c 282. 426. 260, I. 8 7 J0 431, 2, (3). 70, 2. 453. 4 166. 70 LATIN KEADEB.~~

~~Battle ofZama, 202 B. 0.~~

196. Post plures pugnas et pacem plus semel frustra ad tentutam, pugna Zainam committitur, in qua peritissimi duees copias suas ad bellum educebant. Scipio victor recedit; Hannibal cum paucis equitibus evadit. Post hoc proelium pax cum Carthaginiensibus facta est. 1 Scipio, quum Rornam rediisset, ingenti gloria triumplifi- vit, atque Africaims appellatus est. Sic finem accepit secundum Punicum bellum post annum undevicesiinum 9 quani coeperat.

~~f1 War with Philip. ynosceplialae, 197 B. C.~~

~~197. Finito PunicoJ^lo, secutum est Macedonicum cor^-vn. PMiippum regem. Superiitus est rex a Tito Quinctio Elaminio apud Cynosceplialas, paxque ei data est.~~

~~War with Perseus. Pydna, 168 B. C.~~

198. Philippo, rege Macedoniae, mortuo, iilius ejus Perseus rebelliivit, ingentibus copiis paratis. Dux Ilo- manorum, Publius Licinius consul, contra cum missus, gravi proelio a rege victus est. Rex tamen paceni 3 petebat. Cui Eomiini earn praestare nolucrunt, nisi liis conditionibus, ut se et suos Roimlnis dederet.* Mox Aemilius Paulus consul regem ad Pydnam superfivit, et viginti millia peditum ejus occldit. Equitfitus cum rege fugit. Urbcs Macedoniae omnes, quas rex tenuerat, rmis se dediderunt. Ipse Perseus ab amlcis desertus in Pauli potestatem venit. Hie, multis etiam aliis rebus 5 in gcstis, cum ingenti pompaRomam rcdiit navePersei, innsitatae magnitudmis ;" nam sedecim remorum ordines

~~x 3 6 618, II. 453, 431, 2, (3). 2 4 6 427, 3. 495, 3. 390, IV. KOMAJS HISTORY. <1~~

~~1 habuisse dicitur. Triumphavit magnificentissime in 2 ciirru aureo, duobus filiis utroque latere adstantibus. Ante currum inter captlvos duo regis filii et ipse Perseus ducti sunt.~~

~~Third Punic War, 149 B. C.~~

199. Tertium deinde bellum contra Carthaginem susceptum est. Lucius Marcius Censormus et Manias Manlius consiiles in Africam trajecerunt, et oppugnave- runt Carthaginem. Multa ibi praecliire gesta sunt per 3 4 Scipionem, Scipionis Africani nepotein, qui tribunus in Africa militabat.

200. Quum jam magnum csset* Scipionis nomen, tertio anno postquam Roniani in Africam trajecerant, consul est crefitus, et contra Carthaginem missus. Is 6 7 lianc urbein acivibus acerrime defensam cepitac diruit. Ingens ibi praeda facta, plurimaque inventa sunt, quae multfirum civitatuni excidiis Carthago collegerat. Hacc omnia Scipio civitatibus Italiae, Siciliae, Africae reddidit, quae sua recognoscebant. Ita Cartliago septingentesimo anno, postquam condita erat, deleta est. Scipio 8 nomen Africani junioris accepit.

~~1 305 ; 164. -LATIN EEABEK.~~

~~PERIOD IV. CIVIL DISSENSIONS.~~

~~FROM THE CONQUEST OF GREECE TO THE DISSOLUTION OP THE ROMAN COMMON- WEALTH, 31 B. C.~~

~~Numantia taken, 133 R C.~~

201. Delude bellum exortum est cum Numantinis, ' civitate Hispaniae. Yictus ab his Quintus Pompeius, et Caius post eum Hostilius Manemus consul, qui pacem cum iis fecit 2 infamem, quam popiilus et senatus jussit infringi, atque ipsum Mancinum hostibus tracli. Turn Publius Scipio Africanus in Hispaniam missus est. Is militem et correxit 3 turn primum ignfivum. corruptum ; multas Hispaniae civitates partira bello cepit, partim in deditionem accepit. Postremo ipsam Numantiam fame 4 ad deditionem evertit coegit, urbemque ; reliquam provinciam in fidem accepit.

~~Mithridatic War. First Civil War.lTarius, Sulla, 88 B. C.~~

202, Anno urbis conditae sexcentesimo sexagesimo sexto Komae bellum civile exortum est eodem primum ; anno etiam Mitliridaticum. Causam bello civlli Gains Marius dedit. Nam quum Sullae bellum ad versus Mith- 5 6 ridatem, regem Ponti, decretum esset, Marius ei hunc honorem eripere conatus est. Sed Sulla, qui adliuc cum legionibus suis in Italia morabatnr,' cum exercitu Romain 8 venit, et adversaries quum interfecit, turn fugilvit. Turn rebus Romae utcunque compositis, in Asiam prefect us a est, pluribusque proeliis Mithridatem coegif] ut pacem

~~1 4 7 460, 3. 441, 6. 468. 2 8 463, 3. 518, II. 587, I. 5.~~

~~9 fi 260, 1, 1). 386, 2. ROMAN HISTORY. 73~~

~~1 Romanis peteret, et Asia, quam invaserat, relicta", regni a sui finibus contentus esset.~~

~~Civil War, continued.~~

203. Sed dum Sulla in Graecia et Asia Mithridatem 3 vincit, Marius, qui fugatus fuerat, et Cornelius China, 4 6 tmus ex consulibus, bellum in Italia repararunt, et in- gressi Romam nobilissimos ex senatu et consulares viros interfecerunt multos Sullae ; proscripserunt ; ipsms domo 6 eversa, filios et nxoreni ad fugam compulerunt. Uni- versus reliquus senatus ex urbe fugiens ad Sullain in 1 Graeciam venit, orajis, nt patriaeTubvenlret. Sulla in 7 Italian! trajecit, hostium exercitus vicit, mox etiain 8 urbem ingressus est, quam caede et sanguine civium 9 replevit. Quattuor millia inermium, qui se dediderant, interf'ici duo millia et senaturum jussit ; equitum pro- 10 scripsit. Turn de Mithridate triumphfivit. Duo Laec bella funestissima, Italicum, quod et sociale dictum est, et civile, ultra centum et quinquaginta millia hommurn, viros consulares viginti quattuor, praetorios septem, aedi- 11 litios sexaginta, senatores fere ducentos consumpserunt.

~~War of the Gladiators. Spartacus, 73 R 0.~~

204. Anno urbis sexcentesimo octogesimo primo " novum in Italia bellum commotum est. Septuaginta 13 enim quattuor gladiatores, ducibus Spartaco, Crixo, et u Oenomao, e ludo gladiatorio, qui Capuae erat, effuge- runt, et per Italiam vagantes paene non levius bellum,

~~1 492, 2. 74: LATIN HEADER.~~

1 9 quam Hannibal, moverant. J^am contraxerunt exercitum fere sexaginta millium armaturum, multosque duces et duos liomanos consules viccrunt. Ipsi victi sunt in Apulia a Marco Licinio Crasso proconsule, et, 3 post multas calamities Italiae, tertio anno Imic bello finis est impositus.

~~Pompey puts down the Pirates, G7 B. C. Is appointed successor to Lucullus. Death of Mitliridatcs, 63 B. G.~~

205. Per ilia tempora piratae omnia maria infesta- 4 orbe 6 bant ita, nt Homanis, toto terrarum victoribus, 6 sola navigatio tuta non esset. Quare id bellum Cnaeo intra menses incre- Pompeio decretuna est, quod paucos 7 dibili felicitate ct celeritate con fecit. Mox ei delfitum 8 bellum contra regem Mithridfitcm et Tigranem. Quo nocturno fiuscepto, Mithridatem in Armenia MinOre castra et millibus pro^lio vicit, diripuit, quadraginta cjus et duos occl'sis, viginti tantum de exercitu suo perdidit 9 centuriOnes. Mitliridates fugit cum nxore et duobus 11 comitibus," neque multo post, Pharnacis filii sui sedi- 151 13 tiOne coactus, venenum liausit. Ilunc vitae finem habuit MitLriclates, vir ingentis industriae atque consilii. 14 Eegnavit anriis sexaginta, vixit septuaginta duobus: contra Romanos bellum habuit annis quadraginta.

~~Victories of Pompey over Tigranes : lie takes Jerusalem, C3 B. C.~~

~~206. Tignlni delude Pompeins bellum intulit. Ille se ei dedidit, et in castra Pompeii venit, ac diadema~~

~~1 270. /A VMlj\*v IIISTOKY. 75~~

BUurn in cjns manibus collocfivit, quod ci Pompeius re- 1 posuit. Partd regni euin multavit et grand! pecunia. Turn allos etiam reges et populos superavit. Armeniam 2 Minorem Deiotaro, Galatiae regi, donavit, quia auxilium contra Mitbridatem tulerat* Seleuciam, vicmam Antio- 3 2 clilae civitatern, libertate donavit, quod regem Tigrfi- 4 nem non recepisset. lade in Judaeajn transgressus, llierosolymam, capvit gentis, tertio mense cepit, dnode- cim millibus Judaeorum occisis - ceteris in fklem 3 receptis. 6 His gestis iinem antiquissimo bello iinposuit. Ante triumphantis currum ducti sunt filii Mitliridatis, tilius Tigranis, et Aristobulus, rex Jtidaeoram. Praelata ingens pecunia, auri atque argent! infimtuin pondus. Hoc teinpore nullum per orbcm terraruni grave bellum erat.

~~Catiline's Conspiracy, 63 R C. .~~

6 207. Marco Tuilio Cicerone oratore et Caio Anto- 7 nio consulibus, anno abnrbe condita sexcentesimo nonagesimo priino Lucius Sergius Catillna, nobilissimi generis 8 vir, sed ingenii pravissimi, ad delendam patriam conjuravit cum quibusdam claris quidem, sed audacibns viris. 9 A Cicerone urbe expulsus est, socii ejus depreliensi et in carcere strangulati sunt. Ab Antonio, altero consule, Catillna ipse proelio victus est et interfectus.

~~Caesar Consul, 59 R 'C. : .in Gaul, 58 R 0.~~

~~208. Anno urbis conditae sexcentesimo nonagesimo quinto Cains Julius Caesar cum Lucio Bibulo consul est 19 11 factus. Quum ei Gallia decreta esset, semper vinceudo~~

~~1 425, 2, 2). T6 LATIN KEADEE.~~

1 2 usque ad Oceanian Britannicum processit. Domuit autein annis novem fere omnem Galliam, quae inter Alpes, flumen Ehodanum, Rhenum et Oceanum est. 3 4 Britannis mox bellum intulit, quibus ante eum ne nomeu Romanorum 5 erat quidem cognitum ; Germa- nos quoque trans Rhenum aggress us, ingentibus proeliis vicit.

~~Civil War of Pompey and Caesar, 49 B. C.~~

1 209. Bellum civile successit, quo Romani nommis fortuna mutata est. Caesar enim victor e Gallia rediens, absens alterum consulatum 6 coepit poscere ; quern quuni 7 multi sine dubitatione deferrent, contradictnm est a Pompeio et aliis, jussusque est, dimissis exercitibus, in urbem redire. Propter hanc injnriam ab Arimmo, ubi 8 8 milites congregates babebat, infesto exercitu Koraam contendit. Consules cum Pompeio, senatnsqne omnia 10 atque universa nobilitas ex urbe fugit, et in Graeciam transiit dum senatus bellum contra Caesarem ; et, para- bat, hie vacuam urbem ingressus dictatorem se fecit.

~~Defeat of Pompey^ party in Spain. Battle of Pliarscdia, 48^. C. Death of Pompey.~~

210. Inde Hispanias petiit," ibique Pompeii legiones turn in Graecia adversum /uperiwit ; Pompeium ipsnm " dimicavit. Primo victus est et cvasit proelio fugatus ; tamen, quia, nocte intei'venientc, Pompeius sequi no- 13 luit nee scire et ; dixitque Caesar, Pompeium vincere, illo tantum die se potuisse superari. Deinde in Tlies- 14 salifi apud Pharsalum ingentibus utrimque copiis coin-

1 4 6 " 248, 1. 2, . 453. 234. 2 7 " 262. 518. 273, III. 3 8 13 292, 2. 388, 1. 293. 4 " 391. 414, 7. 414. 6 10 575. 463, I. ROMAN HISTORY. 77 missis dimicaverunt. Nunquam adhuc Eomanae copiae 1 convenerant. rnajures neque melioribus ducibus Pug- 2 3 naturn est ingenti contentione, victusque ad postremum Pompeius, et castra ejus direpta sunt^ Ipse fugatus 4 cui tutor a se- Alexandrlam petiit, ut a rege Aegypti, 5 natu datus fuerat, acciperet auxilia. At hie fortunam magis quam amicitiam secutus, occidit Pompeium, caput 7 Caesar ejus et annulum Caesari misit. Quo conspecto, 8 lacriinas fudisse dicitur, tanti viri intuens caput, efc ge- 9 uen quondam sui.

~~Caesar assassinated in the Senate-House, 44 B. C.~~

211. Quum ad Alexandrlam venisset Caes'ar, Ptole- maeus ei insidias parare voluit, qua de causa regi bellum 10 illatum est. Eex victus in Nilo periit, inventumque u est corpus ejus cum lorlca aurefi, Caesar, Alexandria 12 inde potltus, regnum Cleopiitrae dedit. Turn profec- G tus Pompeianarum partium reliquias est persecutus, 13 u bellisque civilibus toto terrarum orbe compositis, Eo- 15 16 anam rediit. Ubi quum insolentius agere coepisset, conjuratum est in eum a sexaginta vel amplius senatori- bus, equitibusque Eomanis. Prajecipui fuerunt inter " conjuratos Bruti duo ex genere illlus Bruti, qui, regibus expulsis, primus Eomae consul fuerat. Ergo Caesar, quum in curiam venisset, viginti tribus vulneribus con- fossus est. io LATEtf EEADEE.

~~The Second Triumvirate, Octavius, Antony, andLcpidus, 43 B. 0. Death of Cicero.~~

212. Interfecto Caesare, anno urbis septingentesimo decimo bella civilia reparata sunt. Senatus favebat 1 Caesaris percussoribus, Antonius consul a Caesaris par- tibns stabat. Ergo turbatia re publica, Antonius, multis 2 sceleribus commissis, a senatu hostis judicatus est. Fnsns fngatnsqne Antonins, aniisso exercitu, confugit ad a Lepidum, qui Caesari magister equitum fuerat, et turn millturn habebat a est. grandes copias ; quo susceptus Mox Octavifmus cum Antonio pa'cem fecit, et quasi A'in- dicatunis patris sui mortem, a quo per testamentum fuerat adoptiitus, Romam cum exercitu profectus extor- 4 6 sit, ut sibi, juveni viginti annorum, consulatus daretur. Turn junctus cum Antonio et Lepido rein publicam armis tenere coepit, senatumque proscripsit. Per hos etiam 8 Cicero orator occlsus est, multlque alii nobiles.

~~Battle of FTdlippi, 42 B. C.~~

213. Interea Brutus et Cassins, interfectores Cae- 7 8 eos saris, ingens belluni inoverunt. Profecti contra Caesar Octavianus, qui postea Augustus est appellfitus, et Marcus Antonius, apud Philippos, Macedoniae urbem, 9 contra eos pugnaverunt. Primo proelio victi sunt An- 10 tonius et Caesar tamen dux nobilitatis Cassius f periit ; secundo Brutum et infinitam nobilitfitem, quae cum illis n bclltim susccperat, victam interfecerunt. Turn vic- 12 tOrcs rein publicam ita inter se divisC-runt, ut Octavia-

~~1 6 385. 492, 1. 403, II. 2 6 10 3G2. 460, 2. 295, 3. 3 7 " 390, 2. 270. 579. 4 e 12 209, torquco. 439. 273, III. | \ ROMA!? HISTORY. 79~~

~~l nus Caesar Hispanias, Gallias, Italiam teneret : Anto- nius Orientein, Lepidus Africam acciperet.~~

Battle ofActium, 31 B. C. 214. Paulo 2 sorore Cae- post Antonius, repudiata v saris Octaviani, Cleopatram, reglnam Aegypti, uxorein duxit. Ab hac incitatus ingens bellunreommovit, dum Cleopatra cupiditate muliebri optat Eomae regniire. Yictus est ab Augusto navali pugna clara et illustri 3 apnd Actium, qui locus in Eplro est. Ilinc fugit in omncs ad Aegjptum, et, desperatis rebus, qtram Augus- 4 6 ta in translrent, se ipse interemit. Cleopatra quoque 6 aspidem sibi admlsit, et veneno ejus exstincta est. Ita 7 bellis toto orbe confectis, Octavianus Augustus Romam rediit anno duodecimo postquam consul fuerat. Ex eo inde tempore rem publicam ,per quadraginta et quattuor 8 annos solus obtinuit. Ante enim duodecim annis cum Antonio et Lepido tenuerat. Ita ab initio principatus ejus usque ad finem quinquaginta sex anni fuere.

~~1 4 7 494. 518. 422, 1, 1). 2 6 e 418. 279, emo. 378, 1. 3 445, 8. 276, sticguo. GRECIAN HISTORY.~~

~~NOTE. It is recommended that, in reading the Grecian History, special attention should be given to Irregular, Defective, and Impersonal Verbs. 287-301.~~

~~PERIOD I. GRECIAN TRIUMPHS.~~

~~FROM THE PERSIAN INVASION, 490 B. C., TO THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR, 431 B. C.~~

~~Darius invades ScytMa, : prepares to invade Greece.~~

215. Multis in Asia feliciter gestis, Darius Scythis 1 a bellum intulit, et armatis septingentis millibus homi- 3 num. Scythiam ingressus, quum Lostes ei pugnae potes- 4 tatem non facerent, metuens, ne, interrupto ponte Istri, 5 reditus sibi intercluderetur, amissis octoginta millibus hominum, trepidus refugit. Inde Macedoniam domuit : et quum ex Europa in Asiam rediisset," hortantibus 7 amicis ut Graeciam redigeret in snam potestatem, clas- Bern quingentfirum navium comparavit, eique Datim" et 9 ducenta praefecit Artaphernen ; liisque peditum millia, et decem equitum dedit.

~~battle of Marathon, 490 B. C.~~

~~216. Pracfecti regii, classe ad Euboeam appulsa, celeriter Eretriam ceperunt. Inde ad Atticam accesse- runt, ac suas copias in Campum Marathona deduxGrunt.~~

~~1 4 ' 292, 2. 518, II. 492, 2. 8 ' 5 8 414, 7. 492, 4. 85, 4. 1 e 9 371, 4. 295, 3. 93, 3. GRECIAN niSTOEY. 81~~

Is abest ab oppido circiter millia passuuin decem. Hoc l in ternpore nulla civitas Atheniensibus auxilio fuit, Plataeenses ea mille 2 misit militum. praeter ; Itiique norum adventu decem millia armatorum completa sunt : 8 quae manus mirabili flagrabat pugnandi cupiditate. * Athenienses copias ex urbe eduxerunt, locoque idoneo castra fecerunt deinde sub .mentis radicibns ; postero die, proelium commiserunt. Datis etsi non aequum locum 6 videbat suis, tamen, fretus numero copiarum suarum, confligere cupiebat. Itaque in aciem peditum centum, equitum decem millia produxit, proeliumque commisit. 6 In quo tanto plus virtute valuerunt Athenienses, ut de- 7 cemplicein numemm Lostium profligarint ; adeoque perterrnerunt, ut Persae non castra, sed naves petierint. niliil est nobilius nulla enim tarn Qua pugna ; unquam exigua manus tantas opes prostravit.

~~invades Greece, 480 B. 0.~~

217. Quum Darius, bellum instauraturus, in ipso 8 apparatu decessisset, films ejus Xerxes Europam cum tantis copiis invasit, quantas neque antea neque postea habuit quisquam : hujus enim classis mille et dueenta- 10 rum navium long'arum fuit, quam duo millia onerariii- rum sequebantur : terrestres autem exercitus septingen- torum millium peditum, -equitum quadringentorum " millium fuerunt. Cujus de adventu quum farna in Graeciam esset perlata, et maxime Athenienses peti 12 dicerentur, propter pugnam Marathoniam, miserunt 13 14 Delphos consultum, quidnam facerent de rebus suis.

~~1 6 " 390. 418. 453. s 7 I2 178. 234; 482, 2. 549, 4. 3 e J3 445, 8. 518. 569. 4 14- 422, 1, 2). 371, 4. 525. 6 10 419, IT. 4Q1. 82 LATIN READEI5~~

'Deliberantibus Pythia respondit, nt moembus ligneia 1 se miinlrent. Id responsuin quo valeret, quum intelli- geret nemo, Themistocles persuasit, consilium esse Apol- 2 ilnis, ut in naves se suaque conferrent : eum enim a deo

SLgnin'cfiri murum lignemn. Tali consilio probfito, ad- dunt ad snperiores totideni naves triremes : suaque om- 3 nia, quae moveri poterant, partim Salanrina, partiin arcein sacerdotibus ina- Troezcina, deportant ; paucisque 4 ac sacra 5 tradunt jorilms natu, procuranda ; reliquum oppidum relinquunt.

~~Actions at Thermopylae and Artemisium, 480 B. C.~~

218. Ilnjus consilium plerisque civitatibus displice- 6 bat, et in terra dimicari magis placebat. Itaqtie inissi 7 sunt clelecti cum Leomda, Lacedaemoniorum rege, qui 8 Tliermopylas occupfirent, longiusque barbaros progredi 9 non paterentur. Hi vim liostium non sustinuerunt, 10 eoque loco oinnes interierunt. At classis communis 11 Graeciae trecentarum navium, in qua ducentae erant Atneniensium, primum apud Artemisium, inter Euboe- am continentemque terrain, cum classiariis regiis con- 12 fiixit : angnstias enim Themistocles quaerebat, ne mul- 13 14 titudinc circumiretur. Ilinc etsi pari proelio discesse- J5 rant, tamen eodem loco non sunt ausi manere, quod erat periciiluni, ne, si pars navium adversariorum Eu- boeam 16 " superasset, ancipiti premerentur periciilo. Quo 18 factum est, ut ab Artemisio discederent, et exadversum Athenas, apud Salamina, classem suam constituerent.

~~J . 492, 2. GRECIAN HISTORY. 83~~

~~Battle of Salami*, 480 R C.~~

219. At Xerxes, Thermopylis expugnatis, protmus 1 accessit astu, idque, nullis defendentibus, interfectis sacerdotibus, quos in arce invenerat, incendio delevit. Cnjus fama perterriti classiarii qunm manere non aude- rent, et plurimi* hortarentur, ut domos suas quisque 3 se defenderent Themistocles discederent, moenibusque ; 4 unus restitit, et, universes pares hostibus esse posse aie- 6 bat, disperses testabatur perituros, idque Eurybiadi, regi 6 Lacedaemoniorum, qui turn summae imperii praeerat, 8 fore' affirmabat. Quern quum minus, quam vellet, 1110- 9 10 veret, noctu de servis suis, quern habuit fidelissimum,

ei suis verbis : ad regem inisit, ut nuntiaret adversaries " ejus in fuga esse, qui si discessissent majore cum Icibore, el longinquivre tempore helium confecturum quum singulos consectdri cdgeretur ; quos si statim ag- grederetur, Irevi universes oppressurum. Hoc eo vale- 14 bat, ut ingratiis ad depugnandum oranes cogerentur. Hac re audlta, barbarus, nihil doli subesse credens, pos- 15 tridie alienissimo sibi loco, contra opportune ssimo hos- 16 tibus, adeo angusto mari connixit, ut ejus multitude 17 navium explicari non potuerit. Yictus ergo est magis consilio Themistoclis, quamarmis Graeciae.

~~Xerxes flies laclc into Asia.~~

~~220. Hie etsi male rem gesserat, tamen tantas habe- 18 bat reliquias copiarum, ut etiamtum Ms opprimero~~

1 128, 1,3); 371,4. 84 LATDT READER. posset hostess Iterum ab eodem gradu depulsus est. 1 Nam Themistocles, verens ne bellare perseveraret, cer- a 3 tiorem eum fecit, id agi, ut pons, quern ille in Ilelles- 4 ponto fecerat, dissolveretur, ac reditu in Asiam exclu in deretur. Itaque Asiam reversus est, seque a Themis- 6 tocle non superatum, sed conservatum judicavit. Sic 11111113 viri prudentia Graecia liberata est.

~~Battles ofPlataca and Mycole, 479 B. C.~~

221. Postero anno qnam Xerxes in Asiam refugerat, Graeci, duce Pausania, Mardonium, regis generum, apud 7 Plataeas fuderunt : quo proelio ipse dux cecidit, Bar_ barorumque exercitus interfectus est. Eodem forte die in Asia, ad monteni Mycalen, Persae a Graecis navfili proelio superati sunt. Jamqre omnibus pacatis, Athe- 8 nienses belli damna reparare. coeperunt.

~~PERIOD II. CIVIL WARS IN GREECE.~~

~~FROM THE PELOPOXNESIAN V,*AR TO THE ACCESSION OF PIULIP OF MACEDON, 360 B. C.~~

~~The Pdoponnesian War, 431 B. C. Pericles.~~

9 222. Hoc bellum, quo nullum aliud florentes Grae- et ciae res gravius afflixit, saepe susceptum depositum est. Initio Spartani fines Atticae populabantur, hostes- que ad proelium provocabant. Sed Atlienienses, Periclis^ 10 se consilio, ultionis tempus exspectantes intra rnoenia

1 5 B 492, 4. 545, 3. 297. - 6 9 551, 3. 279. 417. 3 7 10 76; 110,1. 280. 414, 2. 4 495, 3. GRECIAN HISTORY. 85 continebant. Deinde, paucis diebus interjectis, naves totam conscendunt, et, nihil sentientibus Lacedaemoniis, Laconiam depraedantur. Clara quidem haec Periclis est habita sed multo clarior expeditio ; privati patrimonii contemptus fuit. Nam in populatione ceterurum agrorum, Periclis agros hostes intactos reliquerant, ut aut in- 1 vidiam ei apud cives concitarent, aut in proditionis suspicionem adducerent. Quod intelligens, Pericles diebus agros rei publicae dono dedit. Post haec aliquot 2 est. Yicti Lace- interjectis, navali proelio diniicatum 3 daemonii fugerunt. Post plures annos, fessi mails, pacem in annos quinquaginta fecere, quam non nisi sex annos 4 servaverunt.

~~Expedition of the Athenians against Sicily, 415 B. C.~~

6 223, Bello inter Catinienses et Sjracusimos exorto, 6 Atlienienses Catiniensibus opem ferunt. Classis ingens decernitur creantur duces Alcibiacles et Laina- ; Nicias, chus vires in Sicilian! effasae ut iis ; tantaeque sunt, 7 ipsis terror! essent, quibus auxilio venerant. Nicias et 8 Lamaclms duo proelia pedestria secundo Marte pug- nant urbi 9 ; munitionibusque Syracusarum circumdatis, 10 incolas etiam maiinis commeatlbus intercludunt. Qui- JI bus rebus fracti Syracusfmi, auxilium a Lacedaemoniis 12 petiverunt. Ab his mittitnr Gylippus, qui auxiliis partim in Graecia, partim in Sicilia contractis, oppor- 13 tuna bello loca occupat. Duobus deinde proeliis vic-

~~1 6 10 491. 292; 467, III. 386, 1. a 7 " 301, 3. 390. 279. 3 M 165, 1. "414,3; 705,11. 276, III. 4 M 378. 396, V. 141. * 286, 2. 86 LATIN KEADEK. f~~

~~1 tus, tertio liostes in fugam conjecit, sociosque obsidione liberilvit. In eo proelio Lamachus fortiter pugnans occlsus est.~~

~~Successes of Alcibiades against tJie Lacedaemonians.~~

2 224. Alcibiades summa curfi classem instruit, atquo in belluin adversus Lacedaemonios perrexit. Hac expe- 3 ditiune tanta subito rerum eommntatio facta est, ut La- cedaemonii, qui paulo ante victores viguerant, perterriti * victi enim erant terrestribus pacem peterent ; quinque proeliis, tribus navalibus, in quibns trecentas triremes amiserant, quae captae in liostium venerant potestatem. Alcibiades simul cum collegis receperat loniam, Helles- pontum, multas praeterea urbes Graecas, quae in ora, sitae sunt Asiae : quarum expugnaverant quam plurimas, in his minus multas consilio ad ami- Byzantium ; neque 5 citiam adjiinxerant, quod in captos clementifi fuerant 6 usi. Inde praeda, onusti, locupletfito ex.ercitu, inaximis rebus gestis, Atlienas venerunt.

~~Cyrus favors Lysander and the Lacedaemonians, 407 B. C.~~

225. Dum haec geruntur, a Lacedaemoniis Lysan- classi et rex der belloque praeficitur ; Darius, Persarum, filium suilm, Cyrum, loniae Lydiaeque praeposuit, qui Lacedaemonios auxiliis opibusque ad spem fortunae 7 8 tur viribus 9 Alcibiadem cum prioris erexit. Aucti igi 10 centum navibus in Asiam profectum, dum agros popu- 11 et in- Ifitnr, repentmo adventu oppressere. Magnae opimltae cladis nuntius quum Atlienas venisset, tanta

~~1 B 425, 3. 419, I. 429. 2 6 J0 414, 3. 419, III. 282. 7 u 294. 1G6. 235. 4 494. e 2G9. 87~~

~~.Atheniensium desperatio fuit, ut statim Cononem in Alcibiadis locum mitterent, ducis se fraude magis quam 1 belli fortuna yictos arbitrantes.~~

~~fatal defeat of the Athenians at Aegospotamos, 405 B. C.~~

226. Itaque Conon classem maxima industrial ador- nat sed navibus 2 exercitus deerat. ut numerus ; Nam, militum expleretur, senes et pueri arma capere coacti sunk Pluribus itaque proeliis adverso Marte piignatis, tandem Lysander, Spartanorum dux, Atlieniensium ex- * exi- ercitum, qui, navibus relictis, in ten-am praedatum 4 erat, ad Aegos Hum en oppressit, eoque impetu totum bellum iinlvit. Hac enim clacle res Atlieniensium peni- tus inclinata est.

~~Ailiens surrenders to Lysander, 404 B. C. The Thirty Tyrants.~~

227. Lysander Athenas navigavit, miseramque civi- fame 6 tfitem, obsidione circumdatam, urget. Athenienses, 9 multis fame et ferro amissis, pacem petivere. Quum 1 nonnulli noraen Atlieniensium delendum, urbcmqne 6 inccndio consumendam censerent, Spartan! negarunt, 7 ut ex duobus Graeciae oeiilis alter erueretur se passuros, ; si muri pacemque Atheniensibus snnt polliciti, longi bra- 8 cliia traderent si res dejicerent, navesque ; denique publlca triginta rectores, ex civibus deligendos, acciperet. His legibus acceptis, tota civitas subito mutari coepit. Triginta rectores rei publicae constituuntur, Laced aemo- 9 in cives niis et Lysandro dediti, qui brevi tyrannldem exercere coeperunt.

~~1 4 7 545, 3. 295, 3. 495, 1. 2 6 8 386, 2. 414, 4. 509. 3 6 9 569. 518, H. 384. 88 LATIN KEAJJLK.~~

~~Thrasylulus occupies Pliyle, 404 B. C.~~

228. Quuin triginta tyranni, praepositi a Lacedae- moniis, servitiite oppressas tenerent Athenas, Thrasy- l 8 b fil us Phylen confugit, quod est castellum in Attica 3 munitissimum, quum non plus secum haberet, quam triginta de suis. Hinc, viribus paulfitim auctis, inPirae- 4 um transiit, Munychiamque munivit. Hanc bis tyranni oppugnare sunt adorti, ab eaque turpiter repulsi protinus in urbem, arinis impedimentisque amissis, refugerunt. 5 In secundo proelio cecidit Critias, triginta tyrannurum acemmus. 6

~~Epaminondas. Battle of Leuctra, 371 B.C. : of Mantinea, 362 B. C.~~

229. Epaminondas, dux Thebanus, apud Leuctra superavit Lacedaemonios. Idem imperator apud Man- 7 tineam graviter vulneratus concidit. Hujus casu all- quantum" retardati sunt Boeotii, neque tamen prius 10 pugna' excesserunt, quam hostes profligarunt." At 'Epaminondas quum animadverteret, inortilenim se vul- 12 nus accepisse, simulque, si ferrum, quod ex hastlli in 13 corpore remanserat, extraxisset, animam statim emissu- 14 rum, usque eo retinuit, quoad renuntiatum est, Yicisse Id u Boeotios. postquam audlvit, "Satis" inquit, mxi ; invictus euim morior." Turn, ferro extracto, contestirn exanimatus est.

~~1 43, 379. GRECIAN HISTORY. 89~~

~~PERIOD III. GKAECO-MACEDONIAN EMPIRE.~~

~~FROM THE ACCESSION OP PHILIP TO THE DEATH OP ALEXANDER, 823 B. C.~~

Decline of the Grecian States. Rise of the Macedonian Power. 230. Post Leuctncam pugnam Lacedaemonii se refecerunt et 1 nunquam ; Tliebae, quod, quamdiu Epa- 3 minondas praefuit rei publicae caput fuit totius Grae- ciae, post ejus interitum perpetno alieno paruerunt imperio. Atbenienses, non ut olim in elassern et exercitum, sed in dies festos apparatusque ludorum reditus publicos effundebant, frequentiusque in theatris quam in castris versabantur. Quibus rebus effectum est, ut obscurum 3 antea Macedonum nomen et obses emergeret ; Philippus, 4 triennio Tbebis babitus in Epaminondae domo, bujus praestantissimi viri et Pelopidae virtutibus erudltus, Graeciae servitutis jugum imponeret.

~~Extension of Philip's power.~~

231, Philippus, qrram magnam gloriara apud omnes 6 nationes adeptus esset, Olyntliios aggreditur. Hanc ur- 6 bem antlquam et nobilem exscindit, et praedfi ingenti fruitur. Inde auraria in Thessalia, argenti metalla in Tliracia occupat. His ita gestis, forte evenit, ut eurn fratres duo, reges Thraciae, disceptatidnum suarum judi- 7 3 cem eligerent. Sed Pliilippus ad judicium, velut ad 8 9 bellum, instructo exercitu supervenit, et regno utrumque spoliavit.

~~1 445, 4. 90 LATIN" EEADEE.~~

~~Battle of Oliaronca, 888 B. C:~~

1 232. Quum, in Scythiam praedandi causa profec- 2 dolo vicisset diu tus, Scythas y dissimulatum bellmn 3 Atheniensibus infert, quorum causae Thebani se junxe- runt. Proelio ad Chaeroneam commisso, quum Atheni- 4 enses longe majore militum numero praestarent, tamen 5 assiduis bellis indurata Macedonum virtute viucuntur. Kon tamen immemores virtutis ceciderunt pristinae ; 7 8 quippe adversis vulneribus omnes loca, quae tuenda a ducibus acceperant, morientes corporibus texerunt. Hie 9 dies universae Graeciae et gloriam dominatiunis et ve- tustissimam libertatem finlvit.

~~Philip prepares to invade Persia.~~

233, IIujus victoriae callide dissimulata laetitia cst. 10 solita sacra ilia die fecit in convi- Non Philippns ; non " vio risit non coronas aut ; unguenta sumpsit ; et, quan- 12 tum, in illo fuit, ita vicit, ut victorem nemo sentlreT. AtLeniensibus et captives gratis rernisit, et bello con- 10 sumptorum corpora sepulturae reddidit. Compositis iii- Graecia rebus, omnium civitatuui legatos ad formandum 13 H rerum praesentium statum evocari Corinthum jubet. Ibi pacis leges universae Graeciae pro mentis singularum civitfitum statuit, conciliumque omnium, veliiti UDum senatum," ex omnibus legit. Auxilia deinde singularum nee Persa- civitatnm describuntur ; dubium erat, cum rum impcrium et suis et Graeciae virib us impugnaturum esse.

~~'563. GRECIAN HISTORY.~~

~~Death of Philip, 3G6 R C.~~

1 234. Interea dum auxilia e Graecia coeunt, miptias fece- Cleopatrae filiae, et Alexandri, quern regem Eplri rat 3 celebrat. Ubi ? magno apparatu quum Philippus ad ludos spectandos, medius inter duos Alexandros, 3 filium et generum, contenderet, Pausanias, nobilis ex Macedonians adolescens, oecupatis angustiis, Pliilippum in transitu obtruncat. Hie ab Attalo indlgno modo frustra tractatus, quum saepe querelam ad Philippum 4 detulisset, et lionoratum insiiper adversarium videret, iram in ipsum Pliilippum vertit, ultionernque, quam ab adversario non poterat, ab iniquo judiee exegit.

~~Alexander tJie Great succeeds to the Macedonian Throne. SCO B.C.~~

5 235, Pliilippo Alexander films successit, et virtute" ' et vitiis patre major. Vincendi ratio utrlque diversa. 8 9 Hie aperta vi, ille artibus bella t-ractabat. Deceptis 10 11 ille gaudere liostibus, hie palam fusis. Prudentior 12 ille consilio, hie aniino magnificentior. Iram pater dis- etiani vincere Lie ubi 13 simulare, pleruinque ; exarsisset, " nee dilatio ultionis, nee modus erat. Yini uterque nimis avidus sed ebrietatis diversa ratio. Pater de con- ; vivio in liostem procurrere, manum conserere, periculis se offerre non in sed in suos temere ; Alexander hostem, saevlre. ille cum amicis volebat hie in amleos Regnare ; ^regna exercebat. Amari pater malle, hie metui. Lit- 15 terrirum cultus utrlque similis. Sollertiae pater ma- Lie joris, liie n'dei. Yerbis atque oratione Philippus,

~~1 295, 3. 92 LATIN READER.~~

l rebus moderation Parcendi victis filio animus promp- 2 tior ille nee sociis abstinebat. lux- ; Frugalitfiti pater, 3 uriae filius inagis dedltus erat. Quibus artibus orbis imperil fundamenta pater jecit, operis totlus gloriam filius consummavit.

~~Beginning of Alexander's Eeign.~~

236. Imperio suscepto, prima Alexandro cura patcr- fuit in ante omnia caedis 4 narum exsequiarum ; quibus conscios ad tmnulnm patris oceldi jussit. Inter initia multas rebellantes 6 orientes regni gentes coinpescuit ; nonnullas. seditiOnes exstinxit. Deinde ad Persicum bellum proficiscens, patrimonium omne suum, quod in Macedonia, et amicis divlsit sibi Europa liabebat, ; 7 8 Asiam sujficere praefatus. l^ec exercitui alius quain 9 regi animus fuit. Quippe omnes obllti conjugum libc- rorumque, et longinquae a domo militiae, nihil cogi- 10 tabant nisi Orientis opes. Quum delfiti in Asiam n essent, primus Alexander jaciilum velu't in hostllcni 12 " terram de navi similis jecit ; armatusque tripudianti 14 prosiluit, atque ita hostias caedit, precatus, no so rejoin 15 10 illae terrae invltae accipiant. In Ilio quoquo ad tu- 17 mulosberoum, qui Trojano bello ceciderant, parentavit.

~~Battle of the Gramcu&> 334 B. C.~~

~~237. Inde liostcm petens militesa populatione Asiae 18 proliibuit, parccndum suis rebus praefatus, nee per- GRECIAN HISTORY. 9i>~~

l denda ea, quae possessuri venerint. In exercitu ejus fuere peditum triginta duo millia, equitum quattuor millia quingenti, naves centum octoginta duae. Hac 2 tarn parva manu universurn terrarum orbem vincere est aggressus. Quum ad tarn perieulosum bellum exer- 3 citum legeret, non juvenes robustos, sed veteranos, qui cum patre patruisque militaverant, elegit : ut non tarn 4 militcs, quam magistros militiae electos putares. Prima cum lioste congressio in campis Adrastlae fait. In acie Persarum sexcenta millia militum fuerunt, quae non minus arte Alexandri quam virtute Macedonum super- ata, terga yerterunt. Itaque magna caedes Persarum fuit. De exercitu Alexandri novem pedites, centum cecidere rex Immatos viginti equites ; quos magnifice statuis donavit eorum autem im- equestribiis ; cognatis 5 munitates dedit. Post yictoriam major pars Asiae ad 6 cum defecit. Ilabuit et "plura proelia cum praefectis Darii, quos jam non tain armis, quam terrore nominis stii vicit.

~~Battle oflssus, 333 B. C.~~

233. Interca Darius cum quadringentis millfbus peditnm ac centum millibus equitum in aciem procedit. Commisso proelio, Alexander non ducis magis quam 7 militis munia exsequebatur. Macedones cum rege ipso in equitum agmen irrumpunt. Turn vero similis rulnae strages erat. Circa currum Darii jacebant nobi- lissmii 8 duces, ante oculos regis egregiii morte defunct!. Jamque qui Darlum veliebant equi, confossi liastis et dolure tf efierati, jugum quatere et regem curru excutere

~~1 4 7 578, Y. 486, 4. 131, 4.) 2 5 8 106, 2. 165. 419, I. 3 6 9 518, II. 165, 1. 434, 1, 94: LATDT EEADEE.~~

l coeperant : qnum ille, veritus ne vivus veniret in lios- 2 tium potestatein, desilit, et in equum, qui ad hoc ipsum sequebatur, impomtur. Turn vero ceteri dissipantur metu. Inter captives castrornm mater et uxor et filiae 3 duae Darli fuere : in quas Alexander ita se gessit, nt 4 omnes ante eum reges et continentia et dementia, vinceret. 5

~~Alexander in Egypt, 382 J3. C. He visits the Temple of Jupiter Ammon.~~

239. Aegyptii, olim Persarum opibus infensi, Alex- 6 7 8 andrum laeti receperunt. A Memplii rex in interiora rebus nt nibil ex penetrat ; compositisque ita, patrio Aegyptiorum more mutaret, adlre Jovis Ammoiiis ora- 8 ciilum statuit. Quatriduo per vastas solitudines ab- 10 snmpto, tandem ad sedem consecratam deo ventum 11 est, undique ambient ibiis ramis contectam. Regem pro> 13 plus adeuntem maximus natu e sacerdotibns FILFDM appellat, hoc nomen illi parentem Jovem reddere affirmans. 13 Ille se vero et accipere ait et agnoscere, Immanae sor- 14 tis oblitus. Consalit deinde, an totlus orbis imperium ia sibi destinfiret PATEE. Aeque in adulationem composi- tus, terrarum omnium rectorem fore ostendit. Post haec institit qnaerere, an omnes parentis BUI interfectores poenas dedissent. Sacerdos PAEENTEM ejus negat ulllus scelere posse violari, PHILIPPI autem omnes luisse sup- plicia. Sacrificio deinde facto, dona et sacerdotibns et 16 deo data, permissnmqiie amlcis, ut ipsi quoque consu- 17 15rcnt Jovem. Niliil amplius quaesiverunt, quam an

~~1 492, 4. GRECIAN HISTORY. 05~~

1 anctor esset sibi divlnis honoribus colendi stium regcm. 2 Hoc quoque acceptum fore Jovi vates respondit. Eex 3 ex Ainmone rediens elegit urbi locum, ubi nunc est Alexandria, appellationem traliens ex nomine auctoris.

~~Darius malces his last proposals of Peace.~~

240. Jam Darius pervenerat Arbela* vicum, nobilem sua clade facturus. Earo in ullo proelio tantum 6 sanguinis fusum est. Tandem. Darii aurlga, qui ante ipsum sedens equos regebat, hasta transfixus est; nee aut Persae aut Macedones dubitavere, quin ipse rex esset 7 occlsus. 6 Cedere et laxare ordmes non Persae, ; jamque pugna, sed caedes erat, quum Darius quoque curmm suum in vertit victori Alexandro Asiao fugam ; impe- 8 rium obtigit.

~~Disturbances in Greece.~~

241. Dum liaec in Asia gerebantur, Graecia'fere 1 omnis, spe recuperandae libertatis, ad arma concurrent, auctoritatem Lacedaemoniorum secuta. Dux hujus belli 9 Agis, rex Lacedaemoniorum, fuit. Quern motnm Anti- 10 pater, dux ab Alexandro in Macedonia relictus, in ipso ortu oppressit. Magna tamen utrimque caedes fait. Agis rex, quum suos terga dautes videret, dimissis satel- " litlbus ut Alexandro felicitate, non virtute inferior 12 13 videretur, tantam stragem hostium edidit, ut agir.ma interdum fugaret. Ad postremum, etsi a multitude victus, gloria tamen omnes vicit.

~~1 563. 96 LATIN KEADEK.~~

~~Alexander invades India.~~

242. Post liaec Indiam petit, lit Oceano finiret imperium. Cui gloriae ut etiam exercitus ornamenta con- venlrent, phaleras equorum et arma militum argento l inducit. Quum ad Nysam urbem venisset, oppidanis non repugnantibus parci jussit.

Alexander returns to Babylon, 324 B. C. 243. 2 Ab ultimis oris Oceani Babyloniam reversus, 3 conviviura solemniter instituit. Ibi quum totus in lae- titiam effusus esset, recedentem jam e convivio Medius Thessalus, mstauratii comissatione invitat. Accepto po- inter ciilo, bibendum* veluti telo confixus ingerauit, elatusque e convivio semiammis, tanto dolore crucitltus 5 est, ut ferrum in remedia posceret. Yenenum accepisse creditur.

~~Death of Alexander, 323 B. G.~~

244. Quarta, die Alexander indubitatam mortem sentiens, agnoscere se fatum domus majorum sudrum, ait, namplerosque Aeacidarum intra tricesimwn annum 6 defunctos. T umultuantes deinde milites, insidiis periisse regein suspicantes, ipse sedavit, eosque omnes ad con- 7 spectum suum admisit, osculandamque dextram por- 8 9 rexit. Quum lacrimarent omnes, ipse non sine lacrimis tan turn, verum etiam sine ullo tristioris mentis argu- roento fait. Ad postremum corpus suum in Ammonis templo condi jubet. Quum deficere eum amlci viderent, faciat heredem I0 quaerunt, quern imperii ; respondit,

~~1 6 8 385. 494. 200, 1, 1). 2 6 8 166. 295, 3. 618, L 3 7 I0 443. 578, V. 373. 4 565, 1. GRECIAN HISTORY. 97~~

Dignissimum. Hac voce omnes amlcos suos ad aemu- lam regni cupiditatem accendit. Sexta, die, praecliisa 1 voce, exemptum digito annulum Perdiccae tradidit, quae res gliscentem amicurum discordiam sedavit. Nam 2 electus s etsi non voce nuneupatus lier'es, judicio tamea esse videbatur.

~~Remarks on iJie character of Alexander.~~

245, Decessit Alexander mensem umim tres ct tri- 4 5 ginta annos natns, vir supra humamim moduin vi animi praeditus. Qmma quaedam magnitudinem ejus in ipso ortu portendisse existimabantur. Quo die nattis victoriarum est, pater ejus nuntium duarum accepit ; alterius, belli Illjrici, alterius, certammis Olympiad', in quod quadrlgas miserat. Puer acerrimis litterilrum stu- diis erudltus fuit. Exactfi pueritia, per quinquennium Aristotele, pliilosopLo praestantissimo, usus est magistro. Accepto tandem imperio tantam militibus suis iiduciam 6 fecit, ut, illo praesente, nullius hostis arma timerent. Itaque cum nullo lioste unquam congressus est, quern non vicerit 7 nullam urbem non ; obsedit, quam exptig- naverit. in- Yictus demque est non virtute liostlli, sed sidiis suoruni et fraude.

~~1 434, 1.~~

~~SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEAENER~~

~~I. The preparation of a Reading Lesson in Latin involves I. A knowledge of the Meaning of the Latin. * 2. A knowledge of the Structure of the Latin Sentences. 3. A translation into English.~~

~~MEANING OF THE LATIN.~~

~~II. Remember that almost every inflected word in a Latin sentence requires the use of both the Dictionary and the Grammar to ascertain its meaning.~~

The Dictionary gives the meaning of the word without reference to its Grammati- of cal properties of case, number, mood, tense, etc., and the Grammar, the meaning the endings which mark those properties. The Dictionary will give the meaning of of tables the Grammar alone will the force mensa, a table, but not of mensarum, ; give of the ending arum.

III. Make yourself so familiar with all the endings of inflection, with their exact form and force, whether in declension or conjugation, that you will not only readily distinguish the different parts of speech from each other, but also the different forms of the same word with their exact and distinctive force.

IV. In taking up a Latin sentence, 1. Notice carefully the endings of the several words, and thus determine which words are nouns, which verbs, etc. 2. Observe the force of each ending, and thus determine case, number* voice, mood, tense, etc.

This will be found to be a very Important step toward the mastery of the sentence. By this means you will discover not only the relation of the words to each other, but also an important part of their meaning, that which they derive from their endings.

V. The key to the meaning of any simple sentence (345, I.) will be found in the simple subject and predicate, i. e., in the Nominative and its Verb. Hence in looking out the sentence, observe the following order. Take 1. The Subject, or Nominative. 100 LATIN READER.

The ending will in most instances enable you to distinguish this from all other words, except the adjectives which agree with it. These may be looked out at the same time with the subject. Sometimes the subject is not expressed, but only implied, in the ending of the verb. It may then be readily supplied, as it is always a pronoun of such person and number as the verb indicates; as, audio, I hear, the ending io showing that the subject is ego; audllifi, you hear, the ending itis showing that the subject is vos.

~~2. The Verb, with Predicate Konn or Adjective, if any.~~

~~This will be readily known by the ending. Now combining this with the Subject, you will have an outline of the sentence. Ail the other words must now be associated with these two parts.~~

~~3. The Modifiers of the Subject, i- e., adjectives agreeing with it, etc. nominatives in apposition with it, genitives dependent upon it,~~

But perhaps some of these nave already been looked out in the attempt to ascertain the subject. In looking out these words, bear in mind the meaning of the subject to which they belong. This will greatly aid you in selecting from the dictionary the true meaning in the passage before you.

~~4. The Modifiers of the Verb, i. e., (1) Oblique cases, Accusatives,~~

~~L'.Vilvv.-?, etc., dependent upon it, and (2) Adverbs qualifying it.~~

~~Bear in mind all the while the force of the case and the meaning of the verb, that you may be able to select for each word the true meaning in the passage before you.~~

~~VI. In complex and compound sentences (345, II., III.), discover first the connectives which unite the several members, and then proceed with each member as with a simple sentence.~~

VII. In the use of Dictionary and Vocabulary, remember that you are not to look for the particular form which occurs in the sentence, but for the l\om. Sing, of nouns, adjectives, and pronouns, and for the First Pcrs. Sing. Pres. Indie. Act. of Verbs. Therefpre, 1. In Pronouns, make yourself so familiar with their declension, that any oblique case will at once suggest the Norn. Sing.

~~If vobis occurs, you must remember that the Nom. Sing, is tit,.~~

~~2. In Nouns and Adjectives, make yourself so familiar with the case-endings, that you will be able to drop that of the given case, and substitute for it that of the Nom. Sing.~~

~~Thus, mcnsibus; stem mens, Nom. Sing, mensis, which you will find in the Vo- cabulary. Bo urbewi, writ, urbs. SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEAENEB. 101~~

~~3. In Verbs, change the ending of the given form into that of the First Pers. Sing, of the Pres. Indie. Act.~~

~~Thus, smdbat; stem am, First Pcrs. Sing. Prec. Indie. Act amo, which you will find in the Vocabulary. So amaverunt ; First Pers. Perf. amcm, Perf. stem amav,~~

~~Verb stem am ; amo. To illustrate the steps recommended in the preceding suggestions, we add the following Model.~~

~~VIII. Themistocles imperutor servitute totam Graeciam liberuvit.~~

1. Without knowing the meaning of the words, you will discover from theirforms, 1) That Themistocles and imperdtor arc probably nouns in the Norn. Sing. 2) That servitute is a noun in the Abl. Sing. 3) That totam and Graeeiam are either nouns or adjectives iu the Accus. Sing. 4) That liberavit is a verb in the Act. voice, Indie, mood, Perf. tense, Third Person, Singular number. 2. Now, turning to the Vocabulary for the meaning of the words, you will learn, 1) That Themistocles is the name of an eminent Athenian general : THEMISTOCLES. * 2) That libero, for which you must look, not for liberdmt, means to liber-

~~ate .' LIBERATED. Themistocles liberated. 3) That imperdtor means commander ; THE COMMANDER. Themistocles, the commander, liberated.~~

~~4) That Graeciam is the name of a country : GREECE. Themistocles the commander liberated Greece.~~

~~5) That totus means the wJiole, all : ALL. Themistocles the commander liberated all Greece.~~

~~6) That sermtus means servitude : FROM SERVITUDE. Themistocles the commander liberated all Greece from servitude.~~

~~STRUCTURE OF THE LATIN , SENTENCE.~~

~~IX. The structure of a sentence is best' shown by analyzing it and parsing the words which compose it.~~

~~Analysis. X. Tell whether the sentence is simple, complex, or compound.~~

~~In a XL analyzing Simple sentence (345, I.), name, 1. The Subject and Predicate, (1) in the simple form, and (2) in the complex form (347, 350). 102 LATEST EEADEE.~~

~~2. Modifiers The of the Subject, (1) in the simple form, and (2) ia the complex form (352). 3. The Modifiers of the Predicate, (1) in the simple form, and (2) in the complex form (354-356).~~

~~If the ModiSers are complex, the analysis may be continued till all complex elements are explained.~~

~~Model In XII. his castris Cluilius, Albunus rex, moritur. Cluilius, the Allan king, dies in this camp.~~

1. This is a simple sentence. 2. Cluilius is the simple subject, and moritur, the simple predicate. Cluilius Albdnus rex, is the complex subject, and in Ms castris moritur is the complex predicate. 3. Rex is the simple modifier of the subject Cluilius, and Albdnus rex, the complex modifier, as rex is modified by Albdnus. 4. In castris is the simple modifier of the predicate moritur, showing wJtere he dies, and in his castris is the complex modifier, as castris is modified by Ms.

XIII. In analyzing a Complex sentence (345, II.), 1 1. Name the sentence, or clause, used as an element in it with its connective (357). 2. Analyze the sentence as a whole, like a simple sentence. 3. Analyze the subordinate clause (345, 2).

~~Model.~~

~~XIV. Donee eris felix, multos nmnerubis amicos. So long as you are prosperous, you will number many friends.~~

1. This is a complex sentence. 2. Donee eris felix, is a clause introduced as a modifier of numerdbis, showing when you will number. 3. in is the numerates is the Tu, implied numerdbis, subject ; simple predicate, donee erisfelix, multos numerdbis amicos is the complex predicate. 4. Amicos is the simple object of the predicate numerdbis, and multos amicos the complex object. Donee eris felix is the adverbial modifier of the predicate. 5. Donee eris felix is a simple sentence, with the connective donee. Tu, the implied in eris, is the subject, and eris felix, the predicate, eris being copula (353) on& felix the predicate adjective.

~~1 If the sentence is abridged, show wherein (858, 850> SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEAKNER. 103~~

~~XV. In analyzing a Compound sentence (345, III.)) 1 1. Separate it into its members and name the connectives. 2. Analyze each member as a separate sentence.~~

~~Model.~~

~~XVI. Sol ruit et montes umbrantur. The sun descends and the mountains are shaded.~~

~~1. This is a compound sentence (345, III.). 2. The members are sol ruit and monies umbrantur, connected by th conjunction et. 3. The members are simple sentences, and are analyzed accordingly.~~

~~Parsing.~~

XVII. In parsing a word, 1. Name the Part of Speech to which it belongs. 2 2. Inflect it, if capable of inflection. 3. Give its gender, number, case, voice, mood, tense, person, etc. 3 4 4. Give its Syntax and the Eule for it.

~~Model.~~

~~XVIII. Romani ab aratro abduxerunt Cincinnfitum, ut dictator esset, The Romans tooJc Cincinnatus from the plough, that lie might ~be dictator.~~

~~1. a,\\ decline fiomdniis adjective: IZomanus, a, um, STEM, Roman ; (148). It is in the Nbm. Plur. Masc., is used substantively (441), and is the subject of abduxerunt. Give Rule III.~~

2. Abduxerunt is an active verb : ab-duco, ab-duccre, ab-duxi, ab-ductum, compounded of ab and duco (313, II.); STEM, ab-duc, PERFECT STEM, ab-dux. Give synopsis of the mood (218, I. 2). Inflect the tense, i. e., the Indicative Perf. Act. (209). It is in the Active voice, Indie, mood, Per/, tense, TJdrd person, Plur. number, and agrees with Eomdni. Give Rule XXXV. 3. Cincinnfitum is a noun of the Second Dccl. STEM Proper (31, 1), ;

1 If the sentence is abridged, name the compound elements. 2 Inflect, i. e., decline, compare or conjugate. 3 That is, such of these properties as it possesses. 4 No special Rule is deemed necessary for Prepositions, Conjunctions, or Interjec- tions. Propositions are provided for by the rule for Cases with Prepositions. Con- junctions arc mere connectives, and are quite fully explained under Moods. Interjections are only expressions of emotion, or mere marks of address, under Cases. 104 LATIN EEADEK.

Cincinnat; decline (45), used only in the singular (130, 1). It is in the Accus. Sing. Masc., and is the direct object of dbduxsrunt. Give Rule V. 4. Ab is a preposition used with the Abl. Aratro. 5. is a of the Decl. STEM aratr decline It is Aratro noun Second ; ; (45). in the Abl. Sing. JXeut., and is used with the Prep. ab. Give Rule XXXII. 6. Ut is a conjunction of purpose (491), connecting abduxerunt and esset.

7. Esset is an intransitive verb : sum, esse,fui (204). Give synopsis of the mood, and inflect the tense, i. e., Subj. Imperf. It is in the Subj. mood, Im- perf. tense, Third person, Sing, number, and agrees with the pronoun is, he, implied in the ending (460, 2). Give Rule XXXV. dictator decline 8. Dictator is a noun of the Third Decl. ; STEM ; (51, II.). It is in the Rom. Sing. Masc., and agrees, as Predicate noun, with the omitted subject of esset. Give Rule I.

~~TRANSLATION.~~

~~XIX. In translating, render as literally as possible without doing violence to the English.~~

In many important idioms of the Latin, a literal translation would not only fail to do justice to the original, but would also be a gross perversion of the mother-tongue. The following suggestions are intended to aid the in of such cases in it is recom- pupil disposing ; but even these, earnestly mended that he should first construe literally, in order that he may be made to feel the force of the Latin construction before attempting a translation.

~~Participles.~~

XX. These are much more extensively used in Latin than in English; hence the frequent necessity, in translating them, of devi- ating from the Latin construction. They may generally be rendered J in some one of the following ways (571-551) :

~~1. Literally:~~

~~Pyrrhus proelio fusus a Tarento reccssit, Pyrrlius having leen defeated in battle withdrew from Tarentum.~~

~~2. I>y a Relative Clause :~~

~~Oumcs aliud agcntes, aliud simulantcs improbi sunt, All who do one thing and pretend another are dishonest.~~

~~3. By a Clause with a Conjunction :~~

~~1 The pupil must early learn to determine from the context the appropriate rendering in each instance. SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEARNEE. 105~~

~~1). With a Conjunction of Time, while, when, after, etc.~~

~~Uva maturata dulcescit, 27te grape, when it has ripened (Laving ripened), becomes sweet.~~

~~2). With a Conjunction of Cause, "Reason, Manner, as, for, since, etc.~~

~~Milites perfidiam veriti reverterunt, The soldiers returned, because they feared perfidy.~~

~~8). With a Conjunction of Condition, if.~~

~~Accusatus damnabitur, If he is accused, he will be condemned.~~

~~4). With a Conjunction of Concession, though, although.~~

~~Urbem acerrime defpysam cepit, He took the city, though it was valiantly defended, or~~

~~4. By a Verbal $"oun : Ad Romam conditam, to thefounding of Rome, lit. to Romefounded. Ab urbe condlta, from the founding of the city. Post reges exactos, after the ion of the Icings.~~

~~5. By a Verb :~~

~~Rex ei benigno recepto filiam dedit, The king received him "kindly and~~

~~r, lit. gave his daughter to him kindly received.~~

~~XXI. Participles with non or nihil are sometimes best rendered by Participial nouns dependent upon without : Non ridens, without laughing.~~

~~XXII. Future Participles are sometimes best rendered by Infini- tives, or by Participial Nouns with for the purpose of:~~

~~Rediit belli casum tentaturus, lie returned to try (about to try) the fortune of war.~~

~~XXIII. The Ablatjve Absolute is sometimes best rendered (1) a by Clause with, when, while, after, for, since, if, though, etc.,~~

(2) by a Noun with a Preposition, in, during, after, ~by, from, through, etc., or (3) by an Active Participle with its Object : Servio regnante, while Servius reigned, or in the reign of Servius (lit. Servius reigning). Duce Fabio, under the command of Fabius (lit. Fabius being commander). Sometimes, as in the last example, a word denoting the doer of an action can be best rendered by the word which denotes the tiling done. Thus, instead of commander, consul, king, we have command, consulship, reign. 106 LATIN HEADER.

~~Subjunctive.~~

~~XXIV. This may be rendered as follows :~~

~~1. With the Potential signs, may, can, might, could, would, should (485) :~~

~~Forsitan quaerutis, Perhaps you may inquire. Hoc nemo dixerit, No on would say this.~~

~~2. By the English Indicative. This is generally the best rendering~~

~~1) In clauses denoting Cause, or Tune and Cause (517", 521) :~~

~~Quum vita metus plena sit, since life is full of fear. Quum Komam renissct, when he had come to Rome.~~

~~2) In Indirect Questions (525) : Quaerltur, cur dissentiant, It is asked why they disagree.~~

~~8) In the Subjunctive by Attraction (527) :~~

~~Vcreor, ne, dum minuere velim laborem, augeam, Ifear I shall increase Hie lalor, while I icish to diminish it.~~

~~4) In the Subordinate Clauses of Indirect Discourse (531) :~~

~~Hippias gloriatus est, annulum quern haberet se sua manu confecisse, Hippias ooasted that lie had made with his oivn hand the ring which he wore (had).~~

~~5) In Eelative Clauses defining indefinite antecedents, and sometimes in clauses denoting result (501, 494, 495) :~~

~~Sunt qui putent, there are some who think. Ita vixit ut Atheniensibus esset carissimus, He so lived, that he was very dear to the AtJienians.~~

~~6) Sometimes in Conditional and Concessive clauses, and in clauses with Quin and Quo-minus (510, 515, 498, 499) :~~

Dum metuant, if only (provided) they fear. Si voluisset, dimicasset, If he had ^o^shed, he would have fought. Ut desint vires, tamen est laudanda voluntas, Though the strength fails, still the will should be approved. Adest nemo, quin videat, There is no one present wJio does not see.

~~3. By the Infinitive. This is often the best rendering~~

~~1) In Relative Clauses denoting Result : hence after dignas, in^ dignus, idoneus, aptus, etc. (501) :~~

Non is sum qui his utar, I am not such a one as to use (he who may use) these things. Fabulae dignae sunt, quae legantur, The fables are worthy to be read (which, or that they, should be read). SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEAKNEE. 107

~~2) Sometimes in Kelative Clauses denoting Purpose, and other~~

~~clauses denoting Result (500, 494) : Decemviri creati sunt qui leges scriberent, Decemvirs were appointed to prepare the laws (who should prepare).~~

~~Infinitive.~~

~~XXV. The Infinitive has a much more extensive use in Latin than in English. The following pointe require notice (539 ff.). 1. The Infinitive with a Subject is rendered by a Finite verb with that :~~

~~Dixit se regem vidisse, He said that Jie had seen, the Icing.~~

~~2. The -Historical Infinitive (545, 1) is rendered by the Imperfect~~

~~Indicative :~~

~~Iram pater dissimulare, Thefather concealed his anger.~~

~~8. The Infinitive is sometimes best rendered by a Participial noun with of, with, etc. Insimulatur mysteria violasse, He is accused of having violated the mysteries.~~

~~Miscellaneous Idioms.~~

~~XXYI. The following Miscellaneous Idioms are added : 1. Certiorem facere should be rendered, to inform, and certior fieri, to ~be informed :~~

~~Caesar certior factus est, Caesar was informed.~~

~~2. Inter lit. se, between themselves, is often bcs^rendered, from each other, to each other, together.~~

~~Omnes inter se diff erunt, They all differfrom each other.~~

~~3. Ne quidcm, with one or more words between the parts, should be rendered, not even ; or even not:~~

~~% Ne nomen quidem, not even the name.~~

4. "When two or more verbs stand together in the same compound tense, the copula (sum) is generally expressed only with the last, but in rendering, the copula should be expressed only with the first :

~~et in Captus vincula conjeetus est, lie was taken and thrown into chains.~~

~~5. lit. as Quanta tanto, ~by much as J)y so much, is often best rendered before comparatives, the the : 108 LATIN EEADI::;.~~

~~Quanto diutms considcro, tanto res vidCtur cbscurior, the longer (by aa much as the longer) / consider the subject, tlie more obscure (by so much tho more obscure) does it appear.~~

6. A Clause with quominus, by which, .or that, the less, may generally be rendered by a Clause with that, by the Infinitive, or by a Participial noun. ~wiih. from. Per eum stetit quominus dimicaretur, It was owing to 7dm (stood through him) that the engagement was notwiade. Non recusavit quominus poenam sublret, He did not refuse to submit to punishment. Regem impediit quominus pugnuret, lie prevented the Icingfromfighting. NO TE S.

~~GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES.~~

~~For Explanation of References, see page ix.~~

~~PAGB~~

I. Ala* As the Latin has no article, a noun may, according to the 1 in connection which it is used, be translated (1) without the article; as, ala, wing; (2) with the indefinite article a, or an ; as, ala, a wing; (3) with the definite article Ike ; as, ala, the wing. 4, 23. Post Rosmli mortem. For the position of the preposition, 3 see 602, II. 3. Y. Scrvns bsans. In Latin the adjective generally follows its noun, as in this example, though sometimes it precedes it, as in English. When the is before its vcra ami- emphatic adjective placed noun ; as, cilia See 598 2. (7, 25). Grammar, ; 598,

II, 18. Leges . . . snnto, let the laws be, etc. The third person of 5 the Future is often best rendered shall. Imperative by let, iusteJ^pf 13,28. Omninm. This agrees with 'militum. " 19, 2. Consul. See note on Cons&les" (169). 4. Via! dens. 9 The ancient Romans recognized a great number of gods and goddesses. Almost every object in nature was under the special care of some one of these fabulous deities. Bacchus presided over the cultivation of the vine, and w0 the god of festivity. 6. Testis tempornm, the witness of times, i. e. competent to testify in regard to them. Tempora, times, involves events. is 9. from cvado. Hafeetar, regarded. Evaserat j 1. est from 2. refers 20, Expulsus ; expello. Kegis pater. Regis to the fifth of 6. Bidicit from Tarquinius Priscus, king Rome. ; ' " 1 1 disco. 7. Dictator. See note on Cum lionore dictatoris' (178). Voverat from vovco. inter ; 8. Interfeecrnat ; from fido. 21, 5. Malornai. This depends upon mater. 1O 6. Perdidi 22, ; from pcrdo. 6. made render or 8. 23, Fecit, lit, ; composed, wrote. Condidit $ from condo. 12. Yixoruat; from vivo. 16. Laxernat; from 110 LATIN EEADEJG.

~~PAGE -20. 11 luyco. Sam practcnccf as ; from praticrvcho. 21. Transie- transeo. See 3. rant ; from 295,~~

~~24, 5. Natrieeia . . . SidHaci. The ancient Romans annually re-~~

ceived large supplies oi' grain from Sicily. Hence the epithets here applied to it. 25, 3. Belli; construe with artem, the art of war. 9. Edoctab fneraf, from cdoceo. 10. Petiemct; from pcto: See 234, 276, III. 12 13. Iberaia tradnxSt. Sin's was at the beginning of the second Punic war, 218 B. C. The Ebro was the boundary between the Ro- man and the Carthaginian possessions in Spain. Tradaxit, from traduco. 14. traiisduco. Transdncti sant J from 26, 3. Bcstiolac. This refers to the insect known as the ephcmeran.

4. 6. > Naias ; from nascor. Exstraxcraat ; from cxstruo. 7. Loagos qnatcrna eabita, each four cubits long. Quaterna is a distributive. See 174, 2, 1). 2. from 3. 3. from concldo. 27, Rcdiit ; redeo, 295, Concessit ; 4. Naiaeram, quantity. The word generally means number. BJisit from mitto. 8. ; Ibo ; from eo, 295. 3. from with VCWIR. 4. B.3 28, Saffasa 5 Participle snffundo, agreeing Ictns; from ico. Cecidit; from cado. 5. Inccnsns est; from incendo.

~~29, 3. Vidct, seek it. The object is the pronoun understood, referring to conjurativhcm.~~

30, 9. JVon 'dat, does not allow; lit. give. 10. Orancs. This agrees with nos implied in damus. 14 31,6. Persaasit; from persuadeo. 8. Pcperesnrat; fromparco. 32, 1. AMk from adsiun. For the assimilation of d before/, see ad. 2. 338, 1, Adjnnxit; from adjungo. 3. Singnloram, of individuals it ; depends upon saluti. 5. Tcrrorcia iojetitj he struck

terror i. into, e. inspired with terror; lit. threw terror into. Injedt; from injicio. 6. Pngaae .... Salinuncm. This v/as the famous victory gained, 480 B. C., by the Greeks over the Persians. 5 35, 2. Hie, here. Mihi, to mij surprise. 36, 10. Dclegcrant; from detigo. 37, 2. Taac littorae, your letter. This is the common meaning of the of this word. 5. plural Notas j Participle from nosco, used ad- jectively, 575. 38, 1. Esto, let there be. it was. 1. 2. IG 39,4. Erat, Sastinncrnat ; from smtinco. 4.

YentornEi pater. Aeolus is meant : he was the god of the winds, and ruled at 5. them pleasure. Siugutoram facnltaJes, the resources of individuals. See 441, 1. IV. 1. Tarqainins. Tarquinius Superbus, 17 the last king of Rome, is meant. 3. Dederaat$ from do. V. 2. NOTES. Ill

~~PAGE~~

Scuat, lit. sounds ; here expresses, means. -Vox TGlnptatss, the u-ord IT pleasure; lit. the uord of pleasure. 5. Exliorruit; from exhorresco. 40, 3. Famac mendada, the falsehoods of report, i.e. the falsehoods circulated by report, 8. Kcsciam fingit. Socrates, one of the most eminent philosophers of antiquity, had such a contempt for all pedantry and conceit of that he claimed to know one knowledge, only thing ;

viz., that he knew nothing. 1. 2. 8. i.e. of. 41, Peena ; supply est, 460, Fuit 5 t"as, consisted 4. Eratsoiaiii} supply mow in rendering. 6. Scnesecntis; sup- 1 aetatis from the clause. 12. ply preceding Ccteri ; supply vendunt. 42, 7. SuoruEij his own, i. e. faults (vitiorum], 9. to 43, llnjns ; belongs gloriae. 19 I. 1. habebatur clause. 44, Cato ; supply magnus from preceding

II. 1. ECS . . . eonslitoit, managed the a/airs, etc. He was governor of the Chersonesus. III. 7. Pisces; supply capiuntur. 2O IV. 3. Sacra, sacred rites. King Numa was the reputed founder of the early religious institutions of Rome.

45, 3. Vigiati lalentis, twenty talents, more than $20,000, a high price for an oration, but the purchaser was a wealthy king, and the author of the finished of the Attic orators. ono most Yendidit $ from vcndo.

40, 1. Inrnrn; supply vilius est from the preceding clause. 10. 11. that virtue. It dc- Adversara ; supply fortunam. Yirtntis, of 21 pends upon sitis understood. 2. lit. render older. 3. 47, Majer ; greater ; Cacsaris 5 supply castris.

I. 5. from 9. 48, Fnnctus snm ; funyor. HI. wtora .... 22 icliilles* These were the two most eminent warriors in the war Trojan ; the former a Trojan, the latter a Greek. 49, 2. Gesta snnt; from gcro. 3. Vlxit; from vivo. 5. Tra- from 6. Aristidcs. were both dis- jecit 5 trajido. Fabricms, They tinguished for rare integrity and uprightness. The latter was surnamed the Just. With Fabridux supply fuit. 7. Mortaus CStj hommorior. 12. Timothens; supply vixif. Destiternnt from dcsisto. 11. from ex- 50,7. ; Expntsns cst; 23 pello. 13. Bello PersiCO, in the Persian war, i. e. the war with Per- ria. Thcmistocles gained the celebrated victory of Salamis, 480 B. C. 51, 4. Qua HQClC cadCCl=t'6?(/ei node, qua, on the same night in which. The antecedent node is incorporated into the relative clause to 9. according 445, Dianae .... tenijilnr.i. This temple of Diana at Ephcsus in Ionia was celebrated for its beauty and magniScencc.

~~9. Condita erat ; from condo. 2. 52, Conjimxit ; from conjungo. 24 112 LATIN READEB. PACE~~

~~1. i. e. some not 24 53, Qnidam, some, persons. Ron re, in reality.~~

5. Far ; agrees with Ancus. 1. from 4. 54, Cogliito; cognosce. Excepta; from exclpio. G. Natns from nascor. Cicerone .... estj consulilms ; XXIII. " " " " See also notes on Consulcs (169) and Duillio (185). 25 55, I. 1. Ad sninmam senectnteia, till extreme old age. 5. VIcit; from vinco. 6. Fnsaesnnt; from fundo. 8. Erga parcntcs, pie- t&S=justitia erya parentes pielas dicitur. II. 4. Africannsj so called because of his great victory at Zama in Africa. 5. Ex Tiro, i. e. from the word vir, man. 6. Floruit; from florcsco, 281, I. 1. 8. De- dit; from do. III. 2. Divisa cst; from divido. r4. Progress! snnt; from progredior. 5. Est, there is. Sub pallio sordido, under a soiled coat, i. e. in the poor man, among the poor. 2S 56, 5. Ab onmi partc; lit. from every part ; render, in all respects. 6. 9. is Condidit ; from condo. Dives, This a predicate adjective: is bom rich. 11. Dissiffiillima natnra, very dissimilar (things) by nature. 57, 2. Ad qnas res, in iis=ra Us rebus, ad guas, in those things for " which. See note on Qua node, eadcm" (51, 4).

~~2. dclectant. 3. a i. e. 27 58, Tna ; supply Amicnm, friend, my friend omitted to 447. 5. from ; possessive according Consnmpsi $~~

~~' consumo. .~~

~~is the seasons. GO, 1. Dens est, there a God. Temporum, of events. 2. Mala construe with carmma. 3. Hones- Rcrmn, of j~~

tatis; depends upon regtila understood, 397, 1, (3). 4. Demliios; supply crat. lit. or mine. 2. 62, 1. Meonun, of my friends, of my, AgnoTif ; 3. 5. from agnosco. Si quisqnam ; supply sapiens fuit. Optimnru qnidqne, lit. every best thing ,- render, all the best things, whatever is the best 1. 6. from best, or thing ever, 458, Perdidit ; perdo. 3. from 280. 5. Delati snnt from S 63, Peperi ; par>, ; dcfcro, 292, 2. 6. Excrcitnm, his army. Observe the omission of the pos- est from to extin- sessive, 447. 7. ExstinctUEl ; cxstinguo, put out, a is the beautiful guish, applicable to light. The language figurative ; city of Corinth is represented as a light, lumen. 3. venit. 64, Victoria ; supply bini crcabantur from the next clause. 65, 4. Consoles \ supply

i. e. two each 2. Bin!, two by two, year, distributive, 174, 29 GG, 1. Perspexcro; from pcrspicio. 67, 1. I'M prinmm, whenfmt, i. c. as soon as. 2. Cera Graecis u-ith Latin studies with Latina, lit. Latin things Greek things ; render, from 4. Greek studlcx. Conjnnxi 5 conjwtgo. Lycnrgi leges. Lycurgus was the great Spartan law-giver. His laws contributed much NOTES. 113

PAGB to the prosperity and greatness of Sparta. 6. Aareornsi annnlornm. 29 The wearing of gold rings was one of the special privileges of senators and Detraxerat from detruho. knights. *, 68, 3. Nonnnlli, not none, i. e. some, 585, 1. Casime; msw with enclitic ne from the interrogative appended. Sit cSbctns ; efficio. 4. Qnaesivlt; from quaero. Sahusnc . . . ciipcus. This was his question when mortally wounded at Mantinca. Ancient warriors took special pride in preserving their shields. 5. Egsent fusi; from in suits at law. fundo. 6. In cansis, redeo. 69, 3. Redires ; from 3O 70, 7. Tanqnam parva, as small, i. e. unimportant. 71, 1. Abdnxernnt; from abduco. Cineinnatimu Cincinnatus, vho was thus summoned from the plough to the dictatorship in an hour of great national peril, acted with such remarkable promptness and energy, that in a few days he conquered the enemy, entered Rome in triumph, and was rewarded with a golden crown. lie then quietly re- signed his dictatorship and returned to his farm. Dictator. See note " " on Cum honore dictatOris (178). 2. Patris, of his father, i. e. for the Sun. The story is, that he asked his father, the sun, the use of his chariot for a day, but that he found himself unable to manage the

~~steeds. 5. decerno. . . . . fiery Dccrevit ; from Ut consul ne~~

~~. , . . eaperet. This was the usual formula by which a Roman citizen might be clothed with the power of dictator.~~

~~. . . 4. from 72, 1. Dt diiigamus; XXIV. 2, 5). Scnscrit; 31 sentio.~~

~~2. 4. 73, Qaln .... atoam ; XXIV. 2, 6). Qnominus sit; lit. by which, or that, the less God should be ; render, tiwtiJG-od should~~

~~be, or Godfrom being, XXVI. 6. 74, 1. Qni sustiaeretj lit. ivho should sustain; render, to sustain,~~

~~XXIV. 3. 1 Quod . . . possit; XXIV. 2,5). 6. lavcatisont; from invenio.~~

~~1. 75, Dnia metinmt ; XXIV. 2, 6). 4. 77, Kisi in litteris, if not in letters, i. e. in literary pursuits, stu- 32~~

~~dies. 5. Non . .- . senatnm* Senatus, senate, is derived from scnex^ and meant originally an assembly of old men.~~

~~2. Constiterit 4. . . . 78, ; from comisto. Qni attigissein, though I had commenced Greek studies XXIV. (touched) (letters) ; 2, 6).~~

IttigisscEa ; from attingo. 1. 80, Qmnn ... sit; XXIV. 2, 1). 2. Necesse est. The subject is the clause, Deum .... majdra. Hence neccwe is neuter, S3 3 III. 2. 1. Ilaee 438, ; 35, Denm .... hafecre; XXV. habcre Biajsra, lit. to have these greater, i. e. in a higher degree. 4. SRO

~~toto . . . nan Yidsrit. As the term of the consular office was a year, 114 LATIN READER.~~

PAGE * truth 33 tliis seems a very remarkable statement. But the is, Caniniu? was appointed only to fill a vacancy of a few hours at the very end of the consular year. Hence the remark is only a playful one. 81, 1. Malormn, of evils ; from malum. Qncd .... capian- that the reason is tar$ XXIV. 2, 1). The Subjunctive implies assigned Plato's 2. in on authority. Pisces \ supply capiantur. Latine, 3. 3. Latin. Bedicrid ; from redeo, 295,

82, 1. Bum .... csnTcnircnt; XXIV. 2, 1). Ad horan nonam, till the ninth hour, i. e. till 3 P. M. For the divisions of the 2. from 3. Totem Roman day, see 711. Quievcre ; quicsco. the ancient . . . excitant^ The immense audiences before which trage-

dians acted, rendered this precaution quite indispensible. 1. XXIV. 2. 83, Qsantas .... habeat ; 2, 2). Tantrra, only. in !:. 4. Qaj .... vidcantj XXIV. 3, 2). Qnas partes, what parts ; render, in what direction. 6. Huns, one, viz. Demos-

~~34L thcnes. 7. Est. The subject is the clause, quails res . . . sit, 555.~~

i. in 84, 1. Ft ... servem, that I should Jcccp myself neutral, e., respect to the civil wars. 2. Qoas cognorit. XXIV. 2, 3). Cog- for 2. 3. Jnssit 269. norit; cognoverit, 234, 5 fromjubeo, Quae; refers to naves, as its antecedent. 5. Ft videarj XXIV. 2, 5). . from vivo. Yixisse 5 Reference is 85, ]. Quad seirent; XXIV. 2, 4). 2. Bestiolas. as 3. here made to the insect known the ephcmcran. Rcspondit j the from respondeo. SIM, SUSS. Here sibi refers to Caesar, subject cf the subordinate clause, while suas refers to Ariovistus, the subject of the clause. See II. TieiSSC&t from viaco. i. principal 449, *, Si ... CSCt .... foi'SSCi In the direct discourse, this would have the Imperfect Subjunctive in both clauses, the third form of the condiLi-jnal sec sentence (510). For changes in the conclusion, 533, 2, 2).

i. e. Caesar. i. c. Ariovistus. 5. !l!e, he, A gc, from himself, Egit ; In the direct 35 from arjo, treated, argued. Reminiscerctar. discourse, here this would have been in the Imperative : hence the Subjunctive according to 530, II. used in 86, 2. Patres conscript!, conscript fathers, often addressing 5. to vir- the Roman senate. Donaiant ; supply pronoun referring

let be. 8. Militiae saoiaum the tulcs, they. 6. Santo, them jns, control Paresto supreme of military affairs. j supply pronoun, 10. .ring to consulcs. 9. Te; subject of csse. Qaaa primum, as soon as possible, 444, 3. 4. CSf^C from 5. TiV.dltnni from trado. SO 87, Positaitt ; JP0710. CGi; Ace. Masc. with the 7. Capidani 5 Sing, agreeing atiquem, any one, csse. 9. Sols rebas with one's own RUM omitted subject of ; things. of csse. Sent attraction with refers to. the omitted subject } agrees by NOTES. 115 PAGE

Pred. Norn, divitiae, instead of the subject clause, 462. 11. Lyenrgi 3G 14. temporibns. This was in the ninth century B. C. Ismntas CSSC ; from invenio. 16. Anmre; supply est. 17. Minima; the smallest, i. e. the smallest evils (mala). to' in Greek. 8,4. Graece loqai, speak Latinc ; supply logui. 6. from disco. 13. Essc bonus. Didicenmt; 5 supply 89, 3. Yiderc .... caperet. This was the duty, or business, ne- 37 ffotium, assigned to Postumius. The language is the usual form of decree by which the Dictator was clothed with extraordinary, power, in " " order to save the state. See note on Cum honore dictaloris (178). Postumius was Dictator. 4. from sumo. 6. Tenc Smapsissc ; \ the pronoun te with the enclitic nc. Teae hoc dicere, that you should or is it that this ? 7. adeo and ne. say this, possible you say Adconc ;

00, 3. later BUS ; lit. between ourselves ; render, with each other. 4. Aceedit quod^ lit. it is added that, \. e. there is the additional fact that. J 1. of sis. 2. 91, Ta } subject rcsponsurus PervcsisseEtBe ; per- vcnissent and nc. 3. Blel of csse understood. 5. latcr- ; subject from fnisset ; inicrsum. 3. 4. Andiendi 92, Biscendi ; supply facultatem, 397, 1, (3). ; supply occasio. 7. Platonis andiendi, of hearing Plato ; lit. of Plato 3 to be heard. Platonis depends upon studiosus, while the gerundive au- 9. have heard. dicndi agrees with it, 562. Quid Gudicrioi, what I 3. lit. to to be 93, SaeerdGtibaS creandis ; priests appointed ; render, to the appointment of priests, 580. Adjccitj from adjicio. 6. Kenan!!;, sonic, 585, 1. 1. lit. to to under- 94, Ad islsHigendmn 5 understanding ; render, stolid. nr.tGS lit. has been born is Est 5 from nascor, ; render, born, 471, 3. 4. Ad cagnosceatias .... leges; lit. to the laws to be

learned; render, to learn, or study the laics, etc. Lyeargl IcgCS. The laws of Lycurgus, the great law-giver of Sparta, were very famous in antiquity. 6. Catilina .... COUJnravit. This iniquitous conspiracy was formed during the consulship of the orator Cicero, 63 B. C., by whom it was fortunately discovered and defeated. 95, 1. MM! ageado, by doing nothing. 2. CODCCSSit from concedo. 3. from 96, ; DsfenstlJH ; defendo. 39 5. the is antecedent of 6. Fades ; object id, the omitted quod. from cst from the Cognitu; cognosco. Oratio ; supply jitcunda preceding clause. 97, 2. Ilipplas. He had once been tyrant of Athens, but having been driven from the throne, he repaired to the Persian couit and the Persian cause. cado. o. espoused Cccidit | from Pinxit ; frompingo. Temple .... Eianae* See note en the same, (51, 4). 116 LATIN READER. PAGE

~~39 5. Terra malata; lit. earth, or land, having been changed; ren- 580. 6. 7. der, change of country, Expulsns ; from cxpcllo. Faetns from Pass. from 5 fado, Jio. S^begit ; subigo. 8. Vinc-~~

from vincio. 9. exactJS lit. the been ta, Regibus 5 dings having or the were expelled; render, when, after, kings expelled, 431, 2, (1). This refers to the overthrow of the regal form of government at Rome the banishment of by Tarquin, 510 B. C. See below (167, 1G8). 40 12. from emo. 13. from Empta; Dilapsi sant ; dilabor. 3. 98, Sccunda ; prosperous things, i. e. prosperity. 99, 2. In bonis re*ms$ lit. in good things ; render, among good i. e.' as things, blessings. 4. Eripi, sturripi. Eripio means to 'MT to away forcibly ; surripio, take away stealthily.

~~FABLES.~~

100. Praeterencti Dative 41 ; Sing. Part, of practerco, 295, 3. In- u quit; the object is the clause, or sentence, Non .... maledixit," 357, I. 101. Orto; from orior. Qnantnin boni, lit. how much of a good how much thing ; render, good, 396, 2, 3). Both adjectives are here used substantively, 441, 2. 102. she 42 Coepit, (the woman) began. Illam, that she, i. e. the hen. Minores divittas. didit ; supply Per ; from pcr'do.

103. from Ulelicrcule lit. Hercu- Dcprcheasns; deprcliendo. ; % les ; render, indeed, 589, 590. 104. from subsilio. SI .... she- Snbsiliit; pOSSCt ; if perchance might be able, i. e. to ascertain whether she might, a dependent question, 525, 1. Acerbae snnt; they are sour, agreeing with uvae understood. Repertas; from repcrio. Qnae; depends upon asscqui. Qnac dcspercnt; XXIV. 2, 5). 105. Inliacscrat from inhaereo. extrahat lit w7io ; Qni ; may it that he remove or to remove ; render, may it, remove it, XXIV. 3, 2). Hoc, this, i. e. the removal of the bone. Qnnm .... postnJaret; the is the cxlrax- 413 XXIV. 2, 1). Yidctnr ; subject clause, quod .... isii. cxtraho. Extraxisti ; from 103. Proptcr llOC ipsnsi, on account of this very thing, or for this very reason. QanilJj though. EOSJ supply csse punicndos. as is 107. Qaam .... seatiret; XXIV. 2, 1). lit fieri solet, Solct is wh/t-h u-ont to happen. used impersonally. QuibDS cllaiis, NOTES. 3 1 7

PA(!B having been brought, i. e. when these were brought, 431, 2. Qailms; 43 see 453. Allatis from 2. or i. e. ; affcro, 292, Quod ; which, this, the of the bundle of rods it refers to the ut . . . . breaking ; clause, fran- Iinbedliis res esset from the clause. gcrent. ; supply preceding

108. i. e. to determine how. Qnornodo, how, Propositis 5 from Posse a verb of understood propOno. $ depends upon saying ; for 44 would be thus, they said, they able, etc., 530, 1. Nemo repertns est, no one was i. e. who would do it. found, Repertns est $ from rcperio. 109. Unas; supply rcsidlbat. Grta$ from orior. Quuci .... desperarent, while all despaired, etc., 518, II. laterrogat. The two objects are gubernatorem, and the clause, utram .... existimaret, 374, 4. iri Fut. Pass. Infin. of be SubiaerscHi ; submergo, would submerged, mould go down. Prorani. The full form would be : Proram prius submersion iri existimo. 3. Hie ; supply dixit, 367, Qanm ..... sini from Sim ; XXIV. 2, 1). Adspecturns ; adspido.

~~i. e. tortoise. to her 110. Ilia, she, the Se volucrera facere, make~~

i. c. from winged, to teach her to fly. Arreptam ; arripio, agrees with illam : the eagle carried her, seized in his talons = seized, her in his talons and carried her; XX. 5; 579. Sostniit; from totto. In snMifES, on high. 111. Ovis ct before this word. Jaaxeraat , fromjungo. ; supply 45 the of arro- Prima ; supply pars. Qnartam ; supply partem, object gare. na])Unriim; supply csse, 545, 3.

~~ANECD OTES.~~

~~112. Sciebam .... mortalcm; object of dixisse, 357, I. Gen- from with eum nisse 5 gigno. Mortalem ; agrees understood. 113. Quod, that which. The full form would be, Dcus est ict quod, etc.~~

~~1 14. gc est. for ipsnin nosse ; supply difficile Nosse ; novisse. 115. communis etc. Spes ; supply est, Q&i$ supply habent.~~

116. Dens; supply est, etc. 117. In pocipa* In the sacred processions, so common at the rcli- 46 gious festivals at Athens, the consecrated vessels of gold and silver were often displayed. " 118. Scire .... nihil. See note on Ncscium fingit" (4*0, 8). 119. Scipio AMcanas. This is the celebrated Roman general who Hannibal at " conquered Zama. See below (196) and note on Africa- mis (196). Antequam preeatns csset 5 XXIV. 2, 1). 118 LATIN READER. PAGE

~~46 120. Gentis Corncliac* This was the gem to which Scipio belonged. Jnssit; from jubeo. Res gestas, lit. things done, i. e. deeds, achievements. Gestas, participle from gero.~~

~~121. Pins that i. e. the was essc, it, talent, more. Qnod, that which ; supply id.~~

~~122. Se . . . . habere, that he had thirty years, \. e. was thirty years old. 123. XXIV. from Quae conarsntcr; 2, 4). Qnaesiverunt ; quaero.~~

~~124. from scribo. i. e. 47 Seripsissetj Cape 5 supply ea, them, arms (arma). 125. sumus. Qnam dixisset; XXIY. 2, 1). Nos ; supply 126. Prae .... cinltitudinc, because of the multitude.~~

127. Est propositnni ; frompropdno. the 128. Solon 5 great law-giver of Athens. Cur .... ccnstitnis- sct; XXIV. 2,2). 129. Sapientem; this agrees with rem, and stultam, with rem un- es. derstood. Sapiens 5 supply 130. those which cos. Qaos ; ; supply 131. refers to Cornelia. from traho detained. 43 Ipsi 5 Traxit$ ;

i. e. the chil- Donee redirent; XXIV. 2, 1). Haee, these, dren. It is attracted from hi to haec, to agree with the Fred. Noun, ornamenta, 445, 4. 132. Fernnt, they report, say. For the omission of the subject, see 2. artem. those which ; 460, Oblivionis ; supply Qnae, things supply ea. a 133. Bono Tiro panperi, lit. to a good poor man ; render, to good to one less man who was poor, 442. Minus probato diviti 5 upright, rich. a not his Yironi* who was Filiam 5 daughter, daughter. Vir means man in the noblest sense of the word, the true man.

Qnac ; supply egeat. of the the 134. Achilles, Homcrns. The former is the hero Iliad, the contest. The latter, its author. Olympico certamine, Olympic Olympic Games were celebrated once in four years at Olympia in Elis, and were the most famous games in Greece. To be crowned victor at an humble these games was a coveted honor, while the herald had but office. videret XXFV. 135. Profectns; from profitiscor. Qnnm ; 2, 1).

Egrederetnr ; from cgrcdior. 49 136. Tyrannorum dominatione. This refers to the oppressive rule See of the Thirty Tyrants appointed over Athens by the Spartans. the heroism of below (228). The city was liberated from them by Thrasybulus. Qnantas gratias, t&nt&$=tantas gratias, quanta*. NOTES. PAOE

137. Proposuit; from propono. Qni inrenisset, wfio should 49 discover. The Pluperfect is explained by the fact that the discovery must precede the giving of the reward. 138. Id, that, \. e. what he intended to do.

i. e. friend. . . . with 139. Is, he, the Per indignationem, (lit. the tua est through) greatest indignation. Quid miM ; supply opus amicitia from the preceding question. Tua agrees with amicitia to be thus supplied. 140. Philippo. This is Philip, king of Macedonia.

~~141. Titus amor . . . human!. Titus was the most beloved of the 5O~~

Roman Emperors. Quod nillil praestitisset, that he had rendered no service. The Subjunctive implies that this fact was the reason which the writer would give on the authority of Titus for the exclamation, II. from Amid .... perdldi. See 520, Praestitisset ; praesto.

Edidit ; from edo. 142. from Cecidissc ; fromcado. CognoTit; cognosco. Coro- naiii. Crowns, or wreaths, were often worn by the ancient Romans on sacred and festive occasions. Deposnit ; from depono. Yolnpta- tern; depends upon sentire. " " 143. la Ind. 01. Victores. See note on Olymplco certarriine

(134). Affcctns cst; from afficio. Static, race-course. Races formed a prominent feature in the Olympic contests. *t 144. from tra- Progressus ; progrcdior. Fabnlas, fables ; here gedies. Ut . . . doceret. This implies that he aimed to instruct, rather than to please the people. 145. Praesidibus, the presidents, or governors, i. e. of the provhfces. 51 Praesidlbus esse. depends upon rescripsit. Onerandas ; supply 146. Vicem eornm, their fate. Hectorem, Hector, the most famous warrior. Effliixerant this with Trojan ; agrees anni. Plus quaiii miile, more than a thousand years. Plus, when thus introduced, has no effect the construction otherwise upon ; we might expect the verb effluxerant to be put in the singular. See 41*7, 3. 147. from the Quaesivissct ; quaero. Idem, same thing, i. e. the same question. Petivit, he, i. e. Simonides, asked. DupHcaret below has the same subject. Quanto dintius tanto ofcscurior, the longer the more obscure. Quanto tanto, lit. by as much as by so is often best much, rendered before comparatives, the the, XXVI. 5. 120 LATIN READER.

~~IIISTOKY.~~

~~52 148. In Italiam. What construction would be used with the name~~

~~of a town ? 379.-Janicnlo : a hill on the west side of the Tiber, not one of the seven hills of Eome, though included within the wall built by Aurelian hi the third century.~~

~~149. Troja . . . eversa est. This refers to the famous Trojan war, said to have taken place in the twelfth century B. C. -Eversa cst ; from cverto. - hence, i. e. from from Hinc, Troy.-Pepereerat ;~~

~~-Ei recepto . . . lit. to him re- parco. benignc dcdit, gave kindly ceived : render, received him kindly and 579. -Laiinicni a gave, $ town in Latium a few miles south of Rome.~~

~~53 150. Msnte Albano. Mount Albanus is about 1 G miles southeast of Rome.- i. e. Ascanius.-Genitus crat E[ini,7m, $ fromyiffno.- EjttS. For whom does this pronoun stand ?~~

~~151. lit, smaller in Minor natu; respect to lirth, or age: render, - lit. younger. BGHa, good things=gocds, property. 152. Ycsteiem Yirgiueni. The Vestal Virgins were the priestesses~~

of the Vesta : in goddess they ministered her temple, and, by turns, watched the perpetual fire upon her altars night and day. They were bound by an oath of chastity, whose violation was punished by death. Yiro indirect after to to veil 5 object nubere, marry one's self for, in allusion to the custom of the bride's wearing the veil at the

marriage ceremony.-Pcperit ; from i. e. the pario.- this, Hoc, fact spoken of in the sentence. - .... preceding Qnnci cocjperisset. XXIV. 2, 1). - ; from Comperisset compcrio. 153. Effadcrst ; from - . . . . ess?nt cffundo. Qnnm pcsiil;

~~XXIV. 2, -Esscat positi ; Sico loco. 1). - frompono. ; supply 541 154. Sic, thus, i. e. as explained above.- from Transegerunt;~~

~~-- adolcvisscnt . . . XXIV. tramlgo Quad cooperissent ; 2, 1). - Adolevisscnt from adolesco. of ; -Qn!s ; subject understood. fidssct~~

- . . . XXIV. 2, one of the seven faisset; 2). - Qnac Aventino; hills of Rome. According to the best authority, Romulus founded his city not on the Avcniine as here stated, but on the Palatine, which stands a little to the north of it. - .... Qunm cii'cnculiircta,r,

~~XXIV. 2, 1). 155. Asylum. This was a place of refuge where exiles and even criminals might obtain shelter and protection. -Qnnm .... Tenis-~~

~~XXIV. 2, 1). -later in the midst the ecnt; \V$QS\VL&Q$) of very games. NOTES. 121~~

~~PAGE~~

156. . . . In Qunm appropinquarent ; XXIY. 2, 1). Tarpeiam 54 etc. . . . incidemnt. They fell in with, or met Tarpeia, Annul os .... armillas. Rings and bracelets were often awarded to soldiers who had distinguished themselves in battle. 157. Tarpeiam. This was one of the seven hills of Rome: it was 55 also called Capitolinus. The Capitol was built upon it. Forum Romannoi* This was an open space in the form of an irregular quad- rangle between the Palatine and Capitoline Hills. In this were held the great public meetings of the Roman people. In media caede, in (he the 6. mulieres. midst of slaughter, 441, Raptae ; supply

Hinc .... bine, on the one side . ... on the other. Foedns icit, made a compact. Ico, lit. to strike, has reference to*striking and slaying the victim in ratification of treaties, compacts, etc. In nrbcm reccpit,

~~lit. into the : the he tliem into citi- received city meaning is, received full zenship. 158. from descrlbo. not Dcscripsit , Qnnm .... turn, only~~

. but also. Instraret XXIV. ... Qunm .... ; 2, 1). Lustrarct, reviewed, lit. purified, as there were certain ceremonies appointed for the review of a from orior. Interfectom Roman army. Ortam ; ; from interfaio. Supply esse. 159. Interregnum. This was the interval between the death of In this in- one king and the accession of his successor to the throve. the senate. stance the government was administered by Elapso ; from elabor. nascor. from aero. Natns ; from Gessit ; Egc-

~~riae monitn . . . dicebat. This was the device of Numa to give sanc- tity to his institutions, as Egeria was a goddess. Morbo dccessif^it, died from disease, i. e. died a natural death.~~

160. Snceessit; from succedo. Praestitcrat ; from praesto. 50 Horaticrnm ct Curiatiorcin. After the necessary preparations for hos- tilities had been -made both by the Albans and the Romans, and the two armies were already drawn up face to face, it was agreed to decide the question of supremacy by a combat between the three brothers, the Horatii, on the part of the Romans, and the three Curiatii, also broth- all slain ers, on the part of the Albans. The Curiatii were ; one of the Horatii survived his in ; victory therefore decided the question favor of Rome. See Schmitz's Hist. Rome. Perfidiam Metii Snffetii. Metius Suffetius, dictator of the Albans, having been summoned by the Romans to aid them against the Veientines, drew off his forces at the very moment of battle, and awaited the issue of the engagement. For this perfidy he was put to death, and Alba was razed to the ground. See Schmitz's Hist. Rome. Annis. What is the common construc-

~~tion for duration of time ? 378. 161. Nova ei mocnia (ireamdedit, The same thought may be ex- 6 122 LATIN HEADER.~~

PAGE 56 pressed thus: Novis earn moenibus circumdedit ; in which mm is the ablative of means. II. 1. direct object, and mocmbus, the 384, Morbo obiit* Compare morbo decessit (159). 162. Qni .... Tarqniims accept. He was called Tarquinius from in he lived the city Tarqumii Etruria, where many years.

1 or scnaturcs. Nee 5 ?" 163. Miaoruai gentium, supply patrcs, paueos, not a from adimo. lit. nor a few ; render, and few. AdemptOS, Triumpbans, triumphing in triumph. The honor of entering Rome with an imposing triumphal procession was, in later times, often award- some- ed to victorious generals. Capitoliam* The term Capitol was times applied to the temple of Jupiter, and sometimes to the whole

1 Capitoline Hill, including both the temple and the citadel. Per And filios. What is the usual construction for the agent after passive verbs ? 414, 5. 164. Genitns; from gigno. Adolevisset; from adolcsco. the de- 165. Tanaqnil . . . dieens, regem . . . obediret. This was vice which Tanaquil, the widow of the murdered Tarquin, employed to place her son-in-law, Servius Tullius, upon the throne. Her success was complete. Dkens. What is the direct object of this transitive par- from convalesco. trcsi The ticiple ? 550. ConyaMsset ; Monies

Vii'iiinal, Esquilme, and Codian Hills are undoubtedly meant, though the Codian was probably added under the reign of Ancus Marcius. The and other four of the seven hills, the Palatine, Capitoline, Quirinal, Avenline, were already occupied. Ceasnni. The census was taken every five years for the purpose of ascertaining the number of citizens,

~~etc. in the i. e. in the coun- tb-i- amount of property, la agris, fields,~~

~~try, or territory about Rome.~~

~~163. laterfedas est;' from intcrfido.* Qrnini . . . redirct;~~

~~XXIV. 2, 1).~~

. . because his 167. Cogaosiea mcrtut; he was ^called Superbus, the title. the difference of character deserved Moribns ; observe meaning between the singular and the plural, 132. 168. lit. into the destruction the destruc- 5. la cxitinci, ; render, for tion. What cases does in admit, and with what significations ? 435, 1. Ei, against him, indirect object. 169. Consoles. The consuls were joint presidents of the Roman Commonwealth, with all the power and most of the insignia of office which the kings had assumed. AE^HSEI, for one year. Placacrat, lit. it had pleased, seemed good ; render, it had lecn determined. Tarqninionra fcmllla. Collatinus belonged to this family. He was

~~accordingly deprived of his office and went into exile. In ejns Isjcnia, lit. into his place: here, by a difference of idiom, it must be rendered, in his place. NOTES. 123~~

PAGE 170. Sesc invkcEJj lit. themselves in turn ; render, each other. 50 Lnxeruat; from lugco. Qainqac esnssles. One consul had been deprived of his office during the year, one had been slain in battle, and Another had died. 171. Horatius .... cssfit. This achievement of Horatius Codes, arid that of Mucius Scaevola, mentioned below (172), became famous in tlie annals of Rome. They have been celebrated in prose and verse.

See of Ancient Rome. . . Macaulay's Lays Donee .. ruptns CSSCt, to his XXIV. 2, 1). -Aft snos, friends, companions. 172. Castra; observe difference of meaning between the singular and the plural. 132. Scribam pro rege. He mistook the secre- tary for the king. Terreretj endeavored to terrify. 469, 1.

~~Douce .... coBsazapta essct. XXIV. 2, 1). Censenuit; from 6O~~

I consencsco. ,J , ty 173. from from Exaetos; dzigo. Qasstss ; qucror. Quod sccedo. .... cx&anriretnr ; XXIV. 2, 1). Seeessit; from Fa- see above .... trcs, senators, (158). Qui conelUaret ; XXIV. 3, 2). Tribnai pleMs, The tribunes were at first two in number, then five, and finally ten. Their persons were sacred and they were clothed with great power. They might at any time, by their power of veto, arrest the action of the magistrates, or even of the senate. 171. MilHarinm urbis, lit. milestone of the city ; render, milestone "> from the city. The Roman roads were furnished with milestones mark-

~~ing the distance from the city. 175. Daec Fabio CGnsalc, lit. Falhp the consul (being) leader ; Qj~~

under the Fabius the . . . render, command of consul.- Qaina . Y:- XXIV. PeUexissent from cissent, 2, 1). 5 frompcllicio. -Excrto; cxorior. Pcriernnt from Potucrat from ; perco. 5 possum. Prndenti cnaetationc, by prudent delay. Fabius, in the second Punic

~~r v, av, deliberately adopted the policy of weakening Hannibal by delay, i. c. by not allowing him an engagement. His policy was entirely succes~~

176. la co erast, nt . . . . emerent, they were in this, i. c. in such that a condition, they would purchase ; the meaning is, tlicy "Mere on the point of purchasing. -^ . 177. Magaitndmc. What other case might have been used ? 39G, IV.

PrOTOCavit, challenged. liinc, hence, \. c. from the fact of taking the torquis and adorning himself with it. Torquali is derived from torquis. the 178. Cnni tonorc dSetefcfis, m(k rank of dictator. The dictator was appointed only in times of great danger, and was invested witli d-

most unlimited power for a period of six months. ISlagistro eqaltaci. This is the title of an officer always appointed in connection with the dictator, or by him. Occ^sisneni naetas, taking advantage of a fa- 124 LATTNT EEADEE. TAGE

~~62 vorable NactuS from nanciscor. lit. the opportunity. *, Capitis, of I ; render, to death.~~

179. Post, afterwards. Quid .... pntaret; XXIY. 2, 2). What is the direct 550. 63 Ecspondit. object? Dimittendes 5 supply esse. Sal) jngnm. The yoke was thus useft as the symbol of sub- servitude it consisted of a mission and ; spear supported horizontally by two others placed in an upright position. 180. Qnia .... fedsscat. If this reason had been given on the authority of the narrator, the indicative would have been used. The subjunctive implies that this was the reason then alleged for waging the

war. See 520, II. Priianm . . . transmarine) hoste. Their previous wars had been waged with various nations in Italy and Gaul. XXIV. .... Qimm .... eepisset 5 2, i)> Qnaccunque agercn- turj XXIY. 2, 3). 181. luxilio clephantornffl. The Romans had never before met elephants in battle, and indeed were unacquainted with the animal. The battle was in Lucania the Romans called the ele- fought ; accordingly phants Lucanian oxen, bovcs Lucae. Per DOCtem, during the night. idrersls Yulnsribss, with wounds in front: it was a disgrace to receive a wound in the back. Etiaai mortncs, even in death. Ego in with vocc. .... snbigereo ; apposition 182. Perrexit; from pcrgo. Octavo decimo. What other form lit. con- C>4 of this numeral is common ? 174. Be captivis redimendis ; to treat cerning captives to be ransomed: the meaning is, concerning was celebrated for the ramoming of capihes. Fabricrara. Fabricius hi* integrity. See note on "Fabricius" above (49, 6).^-l't .... XXIV. cst from contemno. prcmitteret ; 2, 5). Centcraptas ;

. . . 183. Qama . , . . tcaeretnr; XXIV. 2, 1). Qni prcte- : that he or to ask XXIV. rctj lit. who should secJc render, might ask, ; This clause the con- 3, 2). rt Pyrrlras .... obtineret. expresses dition on which Cineas was to ask peace, and may accordingly be regarded as in apposition with condiliGne. 495, 3. Ex Italia. What construction would be used, if the name of a toicn should be substituted here? 421, II. Rediisset; from rafco, 295, 3. Pyrriio; indirect object of rcspondit ; the direct object is the clause, se regum patnam vidisse. 550. Quails .... visa essct. XXIV. 2, 2). sunt. from 184. lltero, second.- Intcrfectij supply Yiactmn 5 " vincio, bound, or in chains. Illc . . . al) honestatc . . . potest." This entire sentence, as a direct quotation, is the object of dixissc, 357, 1. 531c CSt Fabrieios qBi. Falriciu* -is that one who, i. e. the man,

~~v,-ho. averti A Tarcnto. What is the HonestAtc *, supply potest.~~

~~I. 1. from recldo. common construction? 423, ; 423, Rcccssit; the C5 185. Post urbem ccnditain, lit. after the city built ; render, after NOTES. 125~~

PAGE building of the city, 580. Rome, the city here spoken of, is said to 65 have been founded 753 B. C. Primam . . . dimieavcrant. This was the first naval engagement of the Romans. Their previous wars had been waged only on land. Daiilio . . . CGasalibas. The date of an event was generally denoted by the names of the two consuls for that in the Duillius and lit, year ; considship of Asina, Duillius, Asina, consuls, or being consuls. These names are thus put in the Ablative Absolute, generally without the connective et. Mersit; from mergo.

186. Paai'is . . . iaterjectis, lit. a few years having been thrown bciicten / render, after a few years had intervened, or after an interval a 2. of few years, 431, Est traasMam ; from transfcro. Scxs- ginta qimitaor. May quattuor stand before scxaginta ? If so, would ct be or 3. expressed, omitted? 174, foot-note Yiginti daas ; supply naves. from amitto. . . . veukseat Amiscnmt ; QKKHI , XXIV. 2, 1).- la fideia aeeeperaat, received under their protection, though as states. cst from next clause. also subject Capias ; supply See 66 4. XXVI. Coajectas cst ; from conjkh. 187. Favit. How is the Perfect of this verb formed ? 270. How is the Perfect regularly formed in the second conjugation ? 247, II.

Qimm vieti esseat; XXIV. 2, 1). Hi . . . profieisceretar . . . et impctrarct. Verbs of asking take two Accusatives, or Objects : these clauses may accordingly be treated as one of the objects of royavlrunt, while at the same time the of the 2 they express purpose request. 492, ; * S74 4. DIxlt. Give the direct of this 550. ? object verb, BciiLse ; from dcslno. Ilia die. What is the usual gender of dies ? 120.

IIlos, that they, i. e. the Carthaginians. IHos .... aalterc. This infinitive-clause does not strictly depend upon suasit, but upon a verb, cr to involved in it. 1. participle, signifying say, 530, Fractos ; from Taati that it was not so much frango. DOH CSC } of importance^ worth the while.

188. Panici, Punic, i. e. Carthaginian. The word is derived .from Pocni. Captac, demcrsaC) capta; supply sunt from occlsa sunt. from on this side the Demersae ; demcrgo. Citra Ibcrnm, of Ebro, i. e. on the side toward Rome, the northern side. Dceegenmi$ from dccldo.

189. NOTCin aaaos nataiH, lit. havwgliccnborn nine years: render, G7 r ::< ,< he was nine old 3. . . . years ; XX. Hie aetatis, he lii-iiia, or ]:assiag the twentieth year of his age ; render, lie when in his tiucnticih pear ; XX. 3. Qai qusia, when he, i. e. Hannibal, 453. BRscract. The object is legatos understood, though it is scarcely necessary to sup- it in (he ply translating. Socios, allies, meaning the citizens cf Sa- sunt. guntum. Rcddita ; supply

~~190. Fratre . . . relicto. Hannibal left his I- rot tier in Spain to 120 LATIN READER. PAOR~~

67 take care of that province in his absence. Transiitj from transeo* 295, 3. Traditar, he, i. e. Hannibal, is said, Se conjunxernnt. is se here rather than eos or illos ? I. Dcdidernnt Why used, 449, ; 6 from dedo. Progresses; from progredior. Intcremptas; from intcrtmo ; supply cst. 191. Q&mgeEtesinio dnodeqnadragesinio. For combination of nu- sec 4. from infinitive- merals, 174, latcllcctum erat J intclliyo. The

clause, Ilannibalcm . . . posse, is the subject. Mora. The Roman general, Fabius, had adopted with great success the policy of weakening Ilannibal by delay, i. e. by not allowing him an engagement. See above (175). Yieti, capti, occisi; supply sunl with each participle. from This relative does not relate to Perscnmt ; pcrco. Quod. any particular word as its antecedent, but to the leading proposition, or the fact mentioned in it the relative is as clauses used ; accordingly neuter, take that III. 2. substantively uniformly gender, 35, Factazi ; supply erat.

192. from Here obtulit takes Romania as its i;i- OMuEt ; offtro. dircct object, while the direct object appears in the form of a clause, viz. ul captlvos rcdimcrcnt. This is plainly the offer made to the Ro- mans but this clause also states the of the viz. that ; purpose offer, they ?niyht ransom the prisoners. Hence the subjunctive rcdimercnt. 492.

~~. . . been able Qci potnissent, who had ; XXIV. 2, 5). Armii. The senate regarded it as a disgrace, that any should be captured so long as they had arms to defend themselves. AnresFEn annrJornia.~~

See note on the same (67, 6). lies CffiKCS. Observe position at the beginning of the sentence to mark emphasis. 594, I. Dctraxerat; from detraho. -How is the Perfect formed ? 248, I. 1. Uasdrnbal exercitn. Sec above line from rc- .... (190, 1). ncraaHserst ; maneo. DnoIiES Scipi-SEibcG. These were Cnaeus Cornelius Scipio and Publius Cornelius Scipio, the latter the father of Publius Cornelius

Scipio Africanus, who defeated Ilannibal at Zaraa. See below (196). 193. Res prospere gesta CSt, a successful battle was four/hi. In a military sense, rcmgcro frequently has this meaning. Magnam hnjcs 09 iiiSKlac partem. For arrangement of words, sec 598, 3. Jade, tlicnce, i. e. from Syracuse. In Macedonia. What construction would have been used, if this had been the name of a town instead of t'ujit of a country? 421, II. In deditloiicsi acecpit, lit. receive .-aider a ; the meaning is, accepted the terms of surrender. from gressns est ; rcyrcdior. 194. Duo ScipiORCS. See duobus Scipionihus (192) and note on the same. They were both slain in battle within a month of each other, in the year 212 P>. C. Hie, pner dnodcvigiati amiornci, he when a boy eighteen years of aye, 3G3, 3. Pest cladCd CaHUCliSCra, after the NOTES. 127

PAQTI defeat at Cannae (191). Viginti qnattnor .... natns, lit, having 9 been born twenty-four years ; render, when twenty-four years of age. Cartbagineia Novam, New Carthage, a city in Spain, founded soon after the first Punic war by Hasdrubal, brother-in-law of Hannibal. It after in Africa its name is was named Carthage ; present Carlhagena. to their Parcntibns, parents. -Transierunt ; from transeo. 195. Creatns; supply est. Millibns . . . miiitibns. When is millia followed by the Genitive and when by its own case ? 178. Qua re audits, lit. which thing having been heard ; render, having heard this, or on hearing this, 431, 2, 3). 196. Plus svmtl=plus quam semel, more than once. Ad Zamani, 70 near Zama. Pcritissimi dnces, Hannibal and Scipio are meant. 7do.s Scipio Victor recedit, lit. withdrew victor ; render, left thefe riclor, or simply was victorious. Ingenti gloria trierapIiavH. Compare cum

ingenti gloria . . . rcgressiis cst (193). Afrkaims. This title was conferred upon Scipio in commemoration of his victories in Africa. See also nomen Africani junioris (200). 197. Finite Punico bcllo. Which Punic war is meant? (185 and bellum. This 189). Macedonienm ; supply Contra Pliilippnm. limits bellum understood, the war against Philip, 352, II. KegCfflt Philip was king of Macedonia. 198. Rebellavit, rebelled, i. e. renewed the war against Rome. ? from dedo. Rex. What king Bcderet, dedidernnt ; Remornm ordiacs, banks of oars. These were arranged, one above another, so that the oars belonging to the highest ordo, or bank, were much longer than those belonging to the lowest. War-vessels generally had three

banks, and were accordingly called triremes (tres, remi\ but it was no uncommon thing to see vessels with four or five banks, and some are said to have had thirty or forty. Ante cnrrum, before the chariot, 71 i. e. of the conqueror. In the triumphal procession, the captives and spoils preceded the chariot of the victor, while the victorious army followed it.

199. from i. e. in Africa. Snsccptam CSt ; suscipio. Ibi, there, Per Scipioneu. What is the common construction for the Agent of passive verbs ? 414, 5. Tribnnns, tribune, an officer in the army commanding a part of a legion. The number of tribunes to each legion was at first three or four, afterward six. Nepotetn, grandson, but only by adoption. He was the son of Aemilius Paulus, the celebrated general, who conquered Macedonia. See above (198). 200. Qnam , . . esset . . . nomcn, when now the name of Scipio was had est. (or, become) great ; XXIV. 2, 1). Missus; supply lit. most Accrrinie defensam, valiantly defended ; render, though (it was) most Facta cst. valiantly defended. ; supply Plzmnia, very many 128 LATIN READEK. PAGE

^1 things, referring especially to the works of art, statues and votive offerings, which the Carthaginians had taken from the temples of the conquered cities in Sicily. cst cxorior. 72 201. Exortam ; from Civitate. Logically this is in with Numantia in Numan finis. apposition implied Victns ; supply est. Paccfi} infamcm. The terms were that Numantia should

~~remain free and independent. Tradi ; depends upon jussit in the line above. Militcm lit. the individual ; soldier, representing the class Corrcsit from Partiin ; render, soldiery.- ; corrigo. par-~~

~~lit. either or. These tim ; partly partly ; render, words may, how-~~

~~ever, be often best rendered by some others, followed by of. Thus, he captured some of the many cities of Spain and accepted others, etc. la deditioncm aeeepit. See note on the same (193).~~

202. Anno urbis conditae . . . sexto, in the six hundred and sixty- sixth or the the con- year from, after (lit. of) founding of city. Urbis dltae is here equivalent to post urbem condltam (185), or ab urbe condita (207). Roiaac. What case would have been used, if this had been a noun of the third declension ? II. 421, Mithridatienm 5 supply bcllum. Marius, Snliae. These generals were the leaders of rival political parties. Marius was supported by the common people and Sulla by the nobles. Adversns Mithridateai. This limits bcl-

4. . . . decretnia essct the is : (he lum, 398, Qnuffl ; meaning when management of the war had been entrusted to him by a decree of the is Senate. The Subjunctive here rendered according to XXIV. 2, 1). *

essct from decerno. i. e. Sdlae. Decretum ; El, Qunra turn. not but also both etc. Usual meaning, only ; and, ; render here either or. from est Compositis ; compano. Profectus ; from projicis- T3 cor. Asia, qn&m invascrat. Not all Asia, but that portion of it which he had invaded, referring especially to those portions of Asia Minor west of his own dominions. 203. In Graecia et Asia. Mithridates, emboldened by his success in Asia Minor, had sent an army into Greece. Athens and Thebes were at this time in his possession. Fngatns facrat. Marius had been for some time in concealment. Unns CX, one of; lit. one from. from Multos Ingrcssi *, ingrcdior. prest'ripserunt, proscribed many. In the civil wars, Sulla caused lists of the names of those persons whom he wished to have killed to be exposed to public inspection. Those whose names were on these lists were outlawed or proscribed, and one them and claim a reward their was any might slay ; property confiscated, and their descendants were excluded from all offices of honor and trust. See Smith's Diet, of G. and 12. Antiquities ; also Hist, Home. from San- Schmitz's of Compulcrnnt ; compdlo. guine. Gender? Civium. Genitive plural, how formed ? 89,3,1). NOTES. 129

PAOB De, lit. concerning ; render in this instance, over. Italicnm, 73 this is the cmlc ; supply bcllum. Socialc dictum cst ; predicate of the relative clause. Viros consulares, men who had been consuls, i. e, men of consular rank or dignity =cx-consuls. The consuls, it will be remembered, were two in number, were elected for one year, and had " " all the powers of king. See note on Consules (169). Praetorios, those who had been praetors. When the office of praetor was first insti- tuted, only one was appointed, who was to act as a kind of third consul with the in the administration of about a leading part justice ; century later a second was added, called praetor percgrinus, to administer justice among foreigners and strangers resident at Eome. The number of praetors was increased from time to tune, until at the beginning of the civil wars of Sulla and it was six and in the of Marius, ; dictatorship Sulla it was raised to eight. See Smith's Diet, of G. and It. Antiqui- ties, and Schmitz's Hist. Rome. Aedilitios, those who had been aedilcs. The aediles (from aedes} were Roman magistrates who had charge of the public buildings, highways, etc., and acted as city police. They were at first two in number, afterwards more. See Smith's Diet. Scnatores. The Roman senate (from scnex) was regarded as a body of elders or fathers (patres). The number was at first 100 (see 158), then 200 (see 163), and finally 300, which continued to be the number until the time of the civil wars between Sulla and Marius. The number was then increased to 500 or 600 by the election of a large body of Roman knights. See Smiths Diet.

204. Commotntn est ; ftomtommoveo. Gladiatorcs. Gladiators were men who fought for the amusement of the Roman people. They consisted mostly of prisoners, slaves, and malefactors; they were trained in the skilful uso of weapons at schools established for the pur- at pose (ludo gladiatorio}. Capnae, Capua. Hannibal ; subject 74 of movit understood. from contra/to : for- Centraxernnt ; explain mation of the I. 1. Perfect; 248, Yicenmt ; from vinco. Pro- consnlc. The proconsul, as the name implies, was one who acted with the power of a consul. Those who had been consuls (viri consularcs) were often allowed to assume the government of provinces, and to exercise in these all the of a consul were provinces powers ; they then called proconsuls. Staliae. Is this genitive objective, or subjective? 896, II. 205. Per ilia tempera. How could tempera be governed without the preposition ? 378. Per makes the idea of duration more promi- those times. rule for Norn. Plur. ? nent, throughout Maria ; ending of 88, II. 2. Id feellnra, thin war, i. c. that against the pirates.- De- est from dccerno. For the " cretnm j meaning see note on Quum .... dfcrltum asset" (202). -Meases; give gender, 106, 2. Contra 130 LATIN EEADEK. PAGE This limits 74 rcgCEl. bettum. Quo snsccpto, lit. which having been undertaken; undertaken this render, having ; 431, 2, (3). Tantnm, Coactns from only. ; cogo. Ilansit ; from haurio. Hime Titae fincnii For the order of these words, see 598, 3, and for their position at the beginning of the sentence, see 594, I.

206. llle se ei. What nouns are ? represented by these pronouns ". 5 Dedid.it from dcdo. a ; Grandi petunia, large sum of money, to according Plutarch, 6,000 talents, more than $6,000,000.* ; : dam libertato donavit. What two constructions occur ? 384, 1.-

~~. Qnia . . tnlcrat ; quod . . . recepisset. These are both causal cl;~~

The first,, with the Indicative, states the reason as a, fact, while the second, with the Subjunctive, implies that the reason was assigned % 520. Oecisis from occldo. lit. Pompey. 5 His gestis, by means of these things done, i. c. by these achievements, Abl. of Means, 414, 4. ^ ~" Antiqnissiino bello* This war continued nearly thirty years. Ante triumpbantis enrrnm, lit. before the chariot of (him) triumphing ; render, before his chariot, as he triumphed, referring to the triumphal procession. Filii Mitbridatis. They were five in number. In- finitam pondns. According to Plutarch, this amounted to 20,000 talents, more than $20,000,000. Orbcm tcrrarnizi, strictly the vorlJ, but sometimes used by the Romans with special reference to the Ro- man Empire. 207. Ciccrcne ct Antonio ccnsulilms, lit. Cicero and Antony (being) consuls : render, when Cicero and Antony iccre consuls, or, in the con- sulsh'tp of Cicero, etc. Beprcbcnsi; from dcprchcndo. Supply sunt from the next clause.

~~208. Qaniil .... dccreta CSSCt, ichcn. Gaul had been assigned to him~~

~~i. e. as a Yincendo by decree, military province ; XXIV, 2, 1). prc-~~

TO CCSiit, proceeded by conquering, i. c. advanced victoriously.- Gceannra British Ocean, i. c. the English Channel. Gniiicia Gal- etc. Not all but that which is bounded as qnac 9 Gaul, portion described. Jfc noisen quidem, not even the name ; C02, III. 2. from Cognitnm ; cognosco. 209. AbscnSt It was unlawful for a general, while in command of an army, to offer himself as a candidate for the consulship, and indeed for any one to do so while absent from PiOmc. Caesar was both absent

~~from Rome and in command of an army. QnCBi qnnm . . . dcfer-~~

rcntj COHtradictaDi CSt, etc., u'hcn many would confer this, etc., opposi- tion was missis from dimitto. Transiit (or, objection) made. Di ; ; " " from tranKco. BictatorCCl. See note on Dictatoris (178).

~~210. Untie, thence, \. c. from Rome. liispanias, Spam. The plural is often used, as the country was divided into two parts, viz.~~

~~cilcrivr, on this side of the Ebro, i. e. on the side toward Rome, and NOTES. 131~~

PAG a ulterior, beyond the Ebro. Bfec .... snpcrari* This entire clause 76 is the object of dixit. 650. Jfec, and not, 587, I. 2. Yincere. This is the object of scire ; Caesar said that Pompey did not know (what ?) to conquer, or how to conquer. Ingentibns .... comraissis, on both sides. battle icas with great forces engaged Pngnatnm est, the 77 sunt from fought. Direpta ; diripio. A rege Aegypti. This king last the Ptolemies and was the of the brother of Cleopatra. Occidit ; slew, though not with his own hands. He employed men to do it. had married the of Caesar while she Gcneri. Pompey Julia, daughter ; lived, she was, of course, a strong bond of union between the two, but she had died six years before the battle of Pharsalia. 211. Qna de causa, for which cause. For the order of words, see 602, II. 1. Pompeianamra .... reliquias, the remnant of Pompey's - party. Insclentins agere. He allowed himself to be proclaimed consul for ten years, imperator and dictator for life. This was a virtual overthrow of the Roman Republic. Conjoratnm est; a conspiracy was formed. Sexaginta Tel amplins, sixty or more. Inter conja-

~~ratCS lit. the i. e. the 5 among having conspired, among conspirators.~~

~~Bmii dno ; viz. Marcus and Decimus. lllius Brnti. See above~~

~~(169). Regibns expnlsis, lit. the kings having been banished; ren-~~

~~the banishment the . . . XXIV. der, after of kings. Quillll VCflJSSCt ;~~

~~2, 1). Confossns est ; from confodio. 212. Interfecto ; from intcrficio. A Caesaris partibas stabat, 78~~

~~favored the party of Caesar (stood by the party, etc.). Magistcr " " r~~

~~i. e. his father Julius Caesar. from ex- Sill, by adoption, Extorsit j~~

~~torqueo. Ut . . . daretur. This clause expresses both the direct extorsit object of and the purpose of the action : Caesar extorted (what ?)~~

that the consulship should be given, and (for what purpose ?) in order that it might be given. See 492, 1. Vigintt aanorirm. The age required by law was forty-three. -lunctns; from jungo. Proecrip- " " sit. See note on Proscripslrunt (203). Per lies. By whom ? 213. Profecti. This is in the plural to agree with Octavianus ct Antonius. Secnndo $ supply proelio. InfinUam nobilitatcra, qnae, lit. the infinite nobility, which ; render, the countless nobles, who.

Yictam iilterfeeernnt, lit. they slew (them) being conquered ; render, they conquered and slew. See 579. Hispanias* See note on this word (210). Galiias. The plural is used because the Romans divided 79 the country into two parts, viz. Gallia ulterior or Transa^pma, or Gaul beyond the Alps ; and Gallia citerior or Cisalplna, or Gaul on this side of the Alps ; i. e. on the sido toward Rome. 132 LATIN EEADEE.

T9 214. Kepndifita sorore. Antony had married Octavia, tlie sister of Octavianus.-Uxorem duxit, married, lit. lead as wife. The language is explained by the fact that the bride was usually conducted to her " new home by her husband and friends. See note on Nubere" (152-). -Qni locus. The relative here has only the force of an adjective. -DesperatiS rebus, lit. things having been despaired of ; render, as from interimo. Ms cause was (or hopeless).-Intercmit ; - desperate Ex CO ittde terapcre, from this time, or from this time forth. Inde need not be translated.- Adverb, before, or previously. Ante;

~~GEECIAN HISTOEY.~~

~~J 215. PugKae .... faccrent, did not give him an opportunity of r to \ . the coming an engagement. XXI 2, 1). Ponte Istri, bridge~~

over the i. e. the Danube lit. the the Ister. Ister, ; bridge of Qaum rediisset XXIV. II. Ei refers to the fleet. ; 2, 1) ; 518, Eique. 216. Praefecti regii, the royal commanders, i. e. Datis and Arta- from In into phernes. ippulsa ; appello. Campnm Marathona, 81 the plain of Marathon. For ending a, see. 93, 1. Ab oppido, from

the city, i. e. from Athens. Circiter .... dcccin* The distance by any suitable road was somewhat greater than this. Ea, this, i. e. this state civitas. .... the number ten ; supply Dceem complete Snnt, of

~~thousand armed men was completed, or filled up. . Thus there were 9000~~

Athenians and 1000 Plataeans. Sab mentis ittdicibns, at the base of. the from committo. his mountain. Coiamiscrunt 5 Sms5 for men, 441, 1. Tanto pins, so much more. 217. Qnum Darius decessisset, when Darius had died; XXIV. from dcccdo. in the midst 2, 1). Decessisset; in ipso apparatn, of his very preparations, i. c. while actually engaged in preparing for a

the this i. e. Xerxes second invasion. Ilnjns classis, feet of one, ; called be- render 7iis f-cct. Navium longarnm, ships of war, longae, cause they were built much longer than the ships of burden (onerariu-

. . . . i. e. consisted etc. runi). NaYinm .... fait, was of ships, of, De adventa. This is an attributive modifier of fama, the report of his approach. Pcti, to be aimed at. Miscrunt Bclphos, they sent to Delphi ; object omitted, sent messengers. The Delphic oracle was the most famous in Greece. DC rebus SnIs, lit. concerning their what this answer 82 things, i. e. for their safety. Id .... Yfilcrct, after meant. Ut .... ccafcrrcst. This clause is the predicate c.s.se, NOTES. 133 PAGH as it states what the design was. Enm lignenm, for that that 82i wooden wall was meant, etc., i. e. that that was the wooden wall meant, " " etc. Triremes. See note on Remorum ordines (198). Majo- riibus natn, old or aged men, elders. 218. Ilajns cousiliuDi, the plan of this one, i. e. Thcmistocles. Delccti, picked men.- Qui occnparent; XXIV. 3, 2. Tner- mopylas. Thermopylae is a narrow pass between Locris and Thessaly, immortalized as the scene of one of the most remarkable instances of heroic daring and self-sacrifice recorded in history, that of Leonidas and his three hundred Spartans, here mentioned. Barbados, Barbarians, 1. e. the Persians. The term was applied to all who were not Greeks. Non sasthmcnmt. They were unable to resist the overwhelming force brought against them, but they pettbrmed prodigies of valor unsur- passed in the annals of war. Classis .... navinra, the common Greece of all etc. feet of (i. e. the fleet Greece), consisting of, An- gnstias. The narrow channel, Eurlpus, between Boeotia and Euboea, is here meant. Ancipiti pericnlo, by a double danger, i. e. by being confined in the channel with one foe in front and another in the rear.

~~-ExildTCrsnin Athcnas, over against Athens. Exadversum, like ad- rcrsum, admits the Accus., 433.~~

219. see the i. e. Athens.' Thertnopylis ; above (218). Astn, city, 3 The word is often thus applied. Idqne, and this, i. c. the city of Athens.sx^Cnjns, of this, i. e. of the burning of the city. Tliemis- tsi'les aims rcstitit, Themistocles alone stood firm, objected. tlniver- SOS, all together,. united. Idqne .... affirmabat, lit. he affirmed to

~~Eurybiades that this would be, etc., i. e. he assured him that this would be the result. SnmmaCj dative depending upon praecrat. 3SG. De SCms snis, quCK3,~~

in his i. e. in his him. Nuntiaret. This fcis, words, name, from verb has d as its indirect object, and all the rest of the sentence after verbis as its direct refer- object. 650. Confccturum ; supply cum, to the eo ring king. Oppressnrnm ; from opprlmo. Hoc Yalebat, the object of this icas. Barbarns, barbarian, meaning Xerxes. Contra, on the contrary, on the other hand. Explicari, to be unfold- ed, i. e. to be brought into successful action. 220. Hie etsi .... gesserat, although he (Xerxes) had fought an III. It .... llCStes XXIV. unsuccessful battle; 516, posset *, it 2, 5). Ab eodem, by the'same one, \. e. Themistocles : codcm, 4 must be observed, does not belong to gradu. Gradu, fnmi his position. Certiorem fecit 1. lit. that it was ; ; XXVI. Id agi, doing render/ was in contemplation. In Uellesponto, over the Hellespont.

> from in certain forms. See Reversns CSt ; rcverto, revertor, Dep. 273, III. verto. Unins virij of one man, i. e. Themistocles. 134 LATIff READER. PAGE 221. 3. cut 84 tyuaxL=postquam ; 427, Interfectas est, destroyed, in pieces. 222. Perilis. Pericles, a distinguished orator and statesman of Athens, directed the counsels of state for many years. The period in

" 1 '' which he lived is famous in Grecian history as the Age of Pericles.' from Clara observe its 85 Interjectis 5 interjicio. ; position ; 594,1. Patriraonii contemptns, disregard of patrimony, referring to the fact that he gave his ancestral estates to the republic, as ex- below. of plained Hostes ; subject reliquerant. In saspkionem addncerent eum that him into ; supply ; they might bring suspicion of Navali dimkatnm lit. it was etc. treachery. .... est, fought, ; a battle render, naval was fought. Non nisi, lit. not if not, or unless ; render, not more than, or only. 223. is or authorized. Decernitur, decreed, Effnsac SUttt ; from

Ut . . . esscnt XXIV. i. e. to effundo. ; 2, 5). lis, qnibus ; the Catinienses. Secundo Blartc pngnant, lit. theyfght, Mars being pro- a pitious ; render, they fight successful battle, or successfully. Ab his, i. e. the Lacedaemonians. by these, Contracts ; from contraho. 224. See " 6 Triremes. note on Remorum ordines" (198). In hostinm potestatcm, into the power of the enemy. In is construed with potestdtem. Observe separation, 602, II. 3. Simul cum, at the same time or with. Sitae snnt from sino. with, simply $ Quam plurimas. Quam before a superlative is intensive, and is often best rendered by possible ; as, quam plurimas, the greatest possible number, as as or many possible, sometimes very many. fteque minus multas, lit. nor less many= and not less many and as many more. 225. Darius* This was Darius the Second, and not the one spoken of above 87 (2 15). Ut .... mitterent ; XXTV. 2, 5). In lit. into the locum, place of; render, to take the place of, to succeed. 226. It numcrus .... explerctur, that the number .... might befitted, i. e. to raise the required number of soldiers. Coacti sunt; from cogo. Proeliis adverse Martc pugnatis, lit. battles fought, Mars being adverse ; render, having lost battles, or having fought unsuccess- fully. Res .... inclinata est. The power of the Athenians was utterly overthrown by this defeat. The figure involved in the verb to is incllno, incline, fall, that of a building leaning and ready to fall.

227: Ncmea Athcniensium, the Athenian name Hie Athenian state or nation.-* Ncgarnnt .... passuros, lit. denied that they would. permit ; render, said that they would not permit. PassuTCS. "What is ? III. the object 554, Duobus Ocnlis, the two eyes , these were Athens and Sparta. Longi niuri brachia. Reference is here made- to the long walls which connected Athens with its ports. Triginta NOTES. 135

~~PAGE " rectorcs. These are known in history as TJie Thirty Tyrants" S'J'~~

i. interests of. Dcditi, devoted to, e. to ihe " " 228. Thrasybulus. See note on Thrasybulo (136). Quod. This relative, it will be observed, does not agree with its antecedent Phylen, but with the Predicate noun castellum ; 445, 4. Triginta his his dc snis, lit. thirty from (of) ; render, thirty of associates, or thirty associates. 229. Idem imperator, the same, i. e. Epaminondas, when commander, 303, 3. Boeotii, the Boeotians. They were the inhabitants of Boeo- tia, north of Attica, of which Thebes was the chief city. Ex hastili, from the spear. The iron point, separated from the shaft, had re- mained in the flesh. Extraxisset ; from extraho. Yicisse Boeo- tics, that the Boeotians (his own men) had conquered. 230. Lenctricam pngaara, the battle of Leuctra. This battle des- 9 troyed the power of Sparta and made Thebes the leading state in Greece, but Thebes speedily lost the supremacy after the death of Epa- minondas. AtliCflifiDses, UGH ut oliin. Formerly Athens had been eminent in war and had been for many years the leading state in Greece, but of late the sterner virtues had disappeared from the Athe- nian character, and the love of ease, luxury, and festivity had taken their places. Thus Athens, Sparta, and Thebes, each of which had been in turn the leading state in Greece, had now become weak and degenerate. This state of things enabled Macedonia to rise to power, as mentioned in the next sentence. Obscs .... ThebiSt In the

year 369 B. C., when the power of Thebes was supreme in Greece, Amyntas, king of Macedonia, had been obliged to send his son Philip as a hostage to that powerful capital. 231. mctalla from the next clause. Auraria ; supply Argcnti .... Thracia. There were also gold mines in Thrace near Philippi. 232. Din dissimnlatani. He had long intended to make war upon 00 Athens, but had from policy concealed that intention. Qnornia eassae .... juRXcrtmi, to' whose cause the Thcbans had joined themselves, i. e. with whom they had allied themselves. Osssa, though ; 616, II. AssidttiS belSlS ilMlnrata, hardened, or strengthened by continual wars. Philip had -a well-disciplined army cf veterans, long accustomed to severe and constant service. Advcrsis vnlnerifoBS. See

~~note on the same (181). Sic dies .... finivit. The battle of Cbaeronea reduced Greece to a Macedonian province.~~

233. Enjus victcrtee .... hsciltfa, lit. joy of this victory ; render, joy on account of this victory. Coronas, RiigGCKtn* The Greeks often made use of crowns, garlands, ointments, and perfumes on joyous jincl festive occasions. Qnsntttin. .... fait, lit. as much as was in him ; render, as far as was i:t. /;?> power. Ut .... yietcrem 136 LATIN READEE. PAGE that 9O .... SCiltiret, no one would recognize the victor, i. c. the fact that lie was such. Sello COHSnmpterfiai, of those slain in war, or battle. is used Consumptcrwn substantively ; 575. Ad formaudnui .... lit. to the slate to ad. siatcni, form of present things ; the meaning is, or settle the just posture of affairs. Anxilia, the quotas, i. e. the which the several states were to furnish.- the quotas Erat ; subject is the cum .... esse 549. clause, ; Snis ; supply viribus. 01 234. JUedins inter dnos, in the middle between the two, or simply, between the two. Medius is explained by inter duos. Gccupatls an- gnstiis. He had deliberately placed himself in a narrow passage with the determination to slay the king as he passed. Ab Attalo, by At- tains, one of Philip's generals. Adversarinni, his adversary, meaning Attains. Noa potcrat; supply cxigerc. Ab miquo jndiec, from the unjust judge, meaning Philip. 235. DeceptiS licstlbus, lit. in the deceived enemy ; render, in dcceiv. ing the enemy. 580. Gandere, rejoiced, Historical Infinitive, of

which several other examples occur in this paragraph. Ilic ; sup- the ply gaudtre. Fnsis ; supply hostlbus. !iic .... cxcrcebat, latter was wont to exercise his royal power upon, or against, Jvis friend*. malle. malle. Seller- Aniari ; depends upon llctni ; supply erat. he did not abstain &2 tiae pater ; supply IHc .... abstincbat, e. from or even his allies. from (i. oppressing annoying) Nec=rf non, is here rendered not even. QuibiiS artibas, by these arts, referring to the enumeration just given of the characteristics of the father and son, Philip and Alexander. 236. Caedis conscios .... ocddi jnssit. It was a common custom in antiquity thus to slay murderers and assassins upon the graves of their victims, to appease the shades, or spirits, of the dead. In the same way, in war, prisoners were often slain over the graves of fallen heroes. Sibi .... praeiatas. There is no little ostentation in this

statement. It was of course made for effect. OpCSt Object of cogitubant understood; construed literally, the passage would read thus: they thought of nothing if not the riches, i. e. if they did not think the etc. etc. of riches, ; render, they thought of nothing except the, Abla- In Ilio, in Ilium, i. e. in the district, not in the city ; hence the

tive with in, not the Genitive, as in the rames of towns. Tumnlos licrcnaj. In the vicinity of Troy, mounds are still pointed out as the burial places of herccs, who three thousand years since fell in the Trojan war. 2:)*7. Parccndcm snis rebcs. Alexander thus inspires his soldiers with courage and confidence. He speaks of the country as already 93 his and theirs. la excrcita .... daae. Observe that the copula- live connectives arc omitted between the several subject?. Yeteranes, NOTES. 137 PAGE 441. veterans, used substantively, Electos ; supply esse. In cam- 93 pis Adrastiae, in the plains of Adrastia, in the vicinity of the river

~~Granicus, from which the battle took its name : battle of the Granicus.~~

238. Defunct! ; from defungor. Confossi ; from confodio. Ad hoc ipsum,/or this very purpose. Omncs aate emn reges, lit. all 94 before him kings, i. e. all the kings before him, or before his time. 239. MlhiJ ex .... Aegyptiorum more. Alexander was careful not to give offence by disregarding the customs of the country. Jovis Ammonis oracnlnm. The oracle of Jupiter Ammbn was one of the most celebrated in the world. Sedem consecratani deo. This was situated in a beautiful oasis of the Libyan desert. Parentem Jovcm, parent or father Jupiter, i. e. 7m- father Jupiter. Thus the priest, per- ceiving his ambitious vanity, flattered him with the title son of Ju- piter. Pareutem ejns, his parent, i. e. Jupiter. The priest still continues his flattery. Aa anetor \ . . . eelendi .... regem, lit. whe- 95 ther he, i. e. Jupiter, would be to them the author of worshipping the king with divine honors, i. c. whether he would authorize them to worship their king with divine hornors. 240. Nobilem, famous. ^Qaln . . ,\. essct oecisns, that Hie king himself was slain ; XXVI. 6. 241. Spe libertatis. Greece, it iill be remembered, lost its independence by the battle of Chaeronea. See \ above (232). 242. Cni this gloriae, glory, i. e. that of conquest and empire. 96 243. eum. Recedeatem; supply ftfvitat, invites, i. e. invites him to drink with him. Tt pOSCCFCt ; XXIV. 2, 5). Inter bibendani, while drinking. 244. Aeacidarum. Alexander was, by his mother, a lineal descendant of Acacus, the of grandfather Achilles. Smc nllo .... argn- without mark a more sad raento, any of mind, i. e. without any indica- tion of unusual sadness. -DigaissianHH. Adjective jjsed- sttbstan- 97 of c tively ; object understood. a facer Judicio, % 'tacit decision, opposed to voce. 245. Qao die=r

~~. O LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.~~

~~For Explanation of References and Abbreviations, seepage ix.~~

~~Ac, a shortened form of atquc. And.~~

~~A. An abbreviation of Aulus. Ac si, as if.~~

~~A, ab, abs, prep, with abl. From, by. Acca, ae, f. Acca, a Roman name.~~

Ab-duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To lead Acca Laurentia, ae, f. Acca Lau- away, take away, remove. rentia, the wife of Faustulus, and nurse of Konaulus and Ab-eo, Ire, wi, or ii, itum. To go Remus, away, depart, withdraw from. 295. (153). Ab-hinc, adv. Henceforth, from this Accedo, ere, ccssi, cessum, (ad, cedo). To come accede to tune, before, ago, since. approach, to, ; be added to. it Abjicio, cre,jcci, jectum, (ab, jacio). Accedit, impers., To throw is added, there is the additional away, throw, reject ; fact prostrate, humble. that.

~~Abripio, ere, ripui, reptum, (ab, ra- Accendo, ere, cendi, censuw, (ad, To take off. To set on kindle pio). away, carry candeo). fire, ; " to Ab-rumpo, ere, riipi, ruptum. T$ excite, inflame.~~

~~break offer away, rend, sever. Acccptus, a, urn, part, (accipio). Ac-~~

Absens, entis, part, (absum). Absent. cepted ; acceptable, pleasing. AbstineOj ere, tinui, tentum, (abs, Accipio, &re, cepi, ceptum, (ad, capio). teneo). To keep or hold back, To accept, receive. abstain from. Accurro, ere, curri, (cucnrri rare),

Ab-sum, csse, fui. To be absent or cursum, (ad, curro). To run to, away, to be distant from. 204, 288. hasten to. Ab-sum o, ere, sumpsi, sumptum. To Acctiso, are, avi, atum,, (ad, causa). take from or To call to away ; destroy, con- account, to accuse. sume. acre. Acer, acris, Sharp ; powerful, atum. Ab-wido, are, avi, To abound, valiant; diligent, intense, severe. abound in, superabound, have an 163, 1. abundance.- Acerb us, a, um, (acer). Sour, un- usus Ab-utor, iJi, sum, dep. To use ripe, morose, disagreeable. abuse. up, consume, Achaia, ae, f. Achaia, an important 110 LATIN EEADEE. [ACHILLES

in the northern of province part Adjitio, ere; jcci; jedum, (ad, jacio). the To throw or Peloponnesus. cast to or against, add m. the most to animum to Acldlhs, is, Achilles, ; adjicere, direct or celebrated Grecian hero in the give attention to. son of Peleus and Trojan war, Ad-jungo, fre, junxi, junction. To

~~Thetis, (134). join to, unite with.~~

Acics, ci, f. The order of battle, or Adjutor, is, m. (adjuvo). Aid, battle line of soldiers ar- array ; ; helper, assistant. in battle array. my Ad-juvo,-are,juvi,jiituw. To help, ere, Acquksco, qidtvi, quictum (ad, assist, support. To become to re- quiesco). quiet, Ad-ministro, are, avi, atitm. To ad^ to in. pose ; acquiesce minister, manage. adv. Acr'ltcr, acrins, accrrlme, (acer). Ad-mirabllis, e. Admirable, won- Vehemently, valiantly. 305. derful. n. a Atiinm, ii, Actium, promontory Ad-iniratio, onis, f. (admirer). Ad- and town at the entrance of the miration, respect. Ambracian Gulf on the western Adniiror, ari, ulus sum, dep.. (ad, coast of Greece, celebrated for the miror). To admire, wonder at. of over victory Augustus Antony Ad-milto, crc, misi, Inissum. To send and Cleopatra, (214). to or forward, to admit, receive. utum. To Acuo, ere, id, sharpen, Admodum, adv. (ad, modus). Very, quicken; stimulate. exceedingly.

~~Acutus, a, um, part. (acuo). Sharp- Ad-moneo, ere, ui, Iturn* To admon-~~

~~ened, pointed, sharp, acute, intel- ish, w/irn.~~

~~ligent, clear-sighted. . Admomtus, us, m. (admonco). Warn- with ace. advice Ad, prep, To, towards; ing, ; instigation. until near. ; at, Ad-movco, ire, movi, mat/cm. To~~

~~Ad-do, crc, dldi, dllum. To add, move to, apply to, bring to.~~

~~carry to, appoint to. Adolescens, entis, adj. and subs., in. lead Ad-d'ico, ffzc, duxi, ductum. To and f. (adolesco). Young, grow- induce. a a to, conduct, bring, ing ; young man, youth.~~

~~Ad-co, adv. So, ko such an extent. Adolcsccntia, ae, f. (adolescens). \lurn. Ad-co, ire, ivi or ii, To go Youth.~~

~~to, approach, visit; encounter. Ad-olcsco, crc, olli'i, ultum. To grow, 205. grow up, increase.~~

~~,i'lv. as even fifum. , Thus far, yet, Ad-opto, arc,~~

~~t etc. , >r, Tin', uiiptn.ni, (ad, cmo).~~

'!':; take from, deprive of. Ad-orior, iri, ortus sian, dcp. To at- strive 2. oT) d, odeptus sum, dcp. (ad, tack, attempt, ; begin. 286, To atum. To apiseor). obtain, get : o, arc, clH, adorn, sion of. furnish, equip. AEQUUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.

f. district one has been Adrastla, ae, Adrastia, a Aedilitius, i, m., who and city of Mysia, (237). aedile. The aediles were Roman of the Adspicio, ere, spexi, spectum, (ad, magistrates who had charge specie). To see, look at, behold. public buildings, highways, &c., and acted as Ad-slo, are, stlti, statum. To stand city police. near, stand by. Aeglna, ae, f. Aegina, an island near Ad-sum, esse, fui. To be present Attica, (55). or at hand, assist, stand by. 204, Aegos flumen. Aegospotamos, a 288. river and town in the Thracian

~~Adulatio, onis, f. Adulation, flat- Chersonesus, noted for the defeat tery. of the Athenians by Lysander, Advectus, a, um, part, (adveho). (226).~~

~~Brought, carried to. Aegrotus, a, um. Sick, ill, diseased.~~

~~f. Ad-veho, ere, vexi, vectum. To con- Aegyptus, i, Egypt, (210). subs. duct, convey, import. Aegyptius, a, um, Egyptian ; venlum. an Ad-venio, ire, vcni, To come Aegyptius, , m., Egyptian,~~

~~to, arrive. (239).~~

Adventus, us, m. (advenio): Arrival, Aemilius, ii, m. The family name approach. of several distinguished Romans. Advcrsarius, a, t^m.adj. (adversus). Lwcius Aemilius, surnamed Paul- ' fell in the Opposite, opposing. its, battle of Cannae,

Adversarius, ii, m. subs, (adversus). (191). Another of the same name Adversary, opponent, antagonist. conquered Perseus and reduced Adversus, a, um, part, (adverto). Op- Macedonia to a Roman province, posite, over against, adverse, hos- (198). tile in front. um. Emulous ; fronting, A&mulus, a, ; often

~~Adversus, pr adversum, adv., and used substantively, as, rival, com- prep, with ace. (adverto). Against, petitor.~~

towards, opposite to. Aeneas, ac, m. Aeneas, a Trojan Aeactdes, ae, m. A patronymic de- prince who after the destruction noting a descendant of Aeacus, of Troy is said to have fled into who was the grandfather of Achil- Italy and formed a settlement, les. The name is often applied to (149). Achilles; Alexander the Great Aequalis, e. Equal, like. also it claimed for himself, (244). Acque, aequius, aequissime, adv.

~~or f. Acdes, acdis, is, Temple intJie (aequus). Equally, similarly. but in the sing. ; plur. dwelling, Aequiparo, are, avi, utum. To habitation, house. 132. equal, make equal.~~

Acdifico, are,um, m,(aedes, facio). Acquitas, atis, f. (aequus). Equality, To build. equity, justice. ' or Acdilitlus, aedilicius, a, um, Aequus, a, um. Equal, similar; to the aediles. fair (aedes). Pertaining just, ; favorable, propitious. 142 LATIN KEADEK.

m. The atmo- Aer, aeris, air, Agitdtus, a, um, part, (agito). Agi- sphere. tated, troubled. atum. To Aestimo, are, avi, value, Agito, are, am, atum. To harass, estimate. Parvl aestimdre, to think trouble, think of. little esteem of, lightly. Agmen, mis, n. (ago). An army, Aesiuo, are, avi, atum. To be in generally on the march, band of agitation; to be warm, endure soldiers, troop. heat. Agnosco, ere, novi', nitum, (ad, f. of Adas, atis, Age, time life, life. (g)nosco). To recognize. Ajftro, ferre, attuli, allatum, (ad, Ago, ere, egi, adum. To conduct, fero). To bring, carry to, report. drive, do, act, execute, treat, ar-

~~Afficio, ere, fed, fectum (ad, facio). gue; annum vicesimum agerc, to To affect, influence. be in his (or her) twentieth year. m. Hus- Affigo, ere, fixi, fixum, (ad, flgo). Agricula, ae, (ager, colo).~~

~~To affix, fasten to. bandman, farmer.~~

Affirmo, are, am, atum, (ad, firmo). Agricultura, ae, f. Agriculture. n. To affirm, confirm, ratify. Agrigentum, i, Agrigentum, a and town in Afflidus, a, um, part, (affllgo). Af- large wealthy Sicily. flicted, troubled, prostrated. Agrippa, ae, m. A family name the Affllgo, ere,flixi, flidum, (ad, fllgo). nmong Romans. Menenius To afflict, trouble, overthrow. Agrippa induced the people who

~~Affluo, ere, fluxi, fluxum, (ad, fluo). had revolted at Eome and taken To flow toward abound their ; overflow, up quarters upon Mons Sacer in.. to return into the city, (173).~~

~~Africa, ae, f. Africa, (200). Aio, ais, ait, etc., defect. To say, Africunus, a, um, (Africa). African. affirm. 297, II. 1. Also the surname ^gi^en to the Ala,ae,f. Wing.~~

~~two most distinguished Scipios for Alacer, cris, ere. Active, prompt, their achievements in Africa du- joyful.~~

the Punic f. or Alba f. ring wars, (196, 200). Alba, ae, ; Longu, ae, Ager, agri, m. Field, land, terri- A city of Latium founded by As- tory. canius, (150). um. Alban. Agesildus, i, m. Agesilaus, a Spar- Albunus, a, MonsAl- buii a mountain sixteen tan king, (96). ?;.?, rocky

~~Agger, eris, m. Mound, rampart, miles southeast of Home, (150).~~

~~wall. ;, m. An a citizen ?', Alb;in, r of >or, i, gressus sum, dep. (ad, Alba, (151).~~

~~: or). To approach, attack, All>m,~~

~~Alexander the Great, (241). Alexander, dri, m. Alexander. The AMPLUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.~~

~~most distinguished of this name of two, the other; alter alter, of the was the sou and successor one the other ; alter as~~

Philip, king of Macedonia, (235- numeral = second. 149, 149, 2. second of the same name urn. 245). A Altus, a, High, noble, great ; was of and son-in-law altum substan- king Epirus deep, profound ; of Philip, (234). ;j?XQgp tively, the sea, the deep. f. a amia- Alexandria, ae, jllWKiMria, Amabllis, e, (amo). Lovely, celebrated city of Egypt, built by ble. the Great Ivi or or Alexander ; (239). Ambio, Ire, ii, Hum, (amb, to feel Algeo, ere, alsi. To be cold, ambi, eo). To surround, encom- cold, endure cold. pass. 295, 3.

~~Alias. at another time f. Can- Otherwise, ; Ambitio, onis, (ambio). non alias, on no other occasion. vassing, flattery, ambition.~~

~~Alienus, a, urn, (alius). Belonging Ambo, ae, o. Both. 176, 2, 2. to unfavorable. f. another, foreign ; Amentia, ae, (amens). Folly, AUquando. At some tune, once, want of reason.~~

~~formerly, finally, now at last. Amicitia, ae, f. (amicus). Friend- Aliquantum, adv. Somewhat, in ship.~~

~~some degree. Amicus, i, m. Friend.~~

Aliquis, qua, quod, and quid, (alius, Amicus, a, urn. Friendly, kind. quis). Some one, some. A-mitio, ere, misi, missum. To send Aliquot, indecl. pi. adj. Several, away, to lose. some. Ammon, or Hammon, onis, m. An Aliter, adv. (alius). Otherwise. appellation of Jupiter as worship- Alius, a, ud, (gen. alms, etc.) Other, ped in Africa, (239). another alius one an- River. ; alius, Amnis, is, m.

~~other : alii alii, some others, Amo, are, avi, atum. To love. (149). Amor, oris, m. (amo). Love, affec-~~

~~f. The river a few desire a loved dar- Allia, ae, Allia, tion, ; object,~~

miles north of Rome, (176). ling. cutus Alloquor, loqui, sum, dep. Amphitheatrum, i, n. Amphithe- (ad, loquor). To speak to, ad- atre, in Rome a circular or oval dress. building used for public specta- Alo, ere, alui, alitum or altum. To cles.

support, keep, nourish, strengthen, Ample, ius, issime, adv. (amplus). feed. Abundantly, amply. Alpcs, ium, f. The Alps, a high Amplio, are, avi, alum, (amj.lus). range of mountains north of To enlarge. Italy. Amplius, -adv. (comp. of ample). Alte, ius, istfime, adv. (altus). On More, further.

~~high, high. Amplus, a, um. Ample, spacious, Alter, era, erum, (gen. alterius). One large. LATIN KEADEK. [AMULIUS~~

son of Amulius, ii, m. Araulius, Anlea, adv. (ante, ea). Formerly, Procas of Alba he was the hitherto. king ; brother of Numitor, (152). Ante-pono, ere, posui, positum. To whether. before to An, interrog. particle. Or, place ; prefer.

~~346, II, 2. Antc-quam, adv. Before, before Anaxaaoras, ae, m. Anaxagoras, a that. Greek distinguished philosopher Antiaonus, i, m. Antigonus, king of Clazomenae, (112). of Macedonia, (121).~~

Anazarcfius, i, m. Anaxarchus, a Antiochla, ae, f. Antioch, the chief philosopher of Abdera, who ac- city of Syria, founded by Scleucus, companied Alexander into Asia. and named by him in honor of his Anceps, ancipitis. Twofold, double. father Antiochus, (206). fa- Anchlscs, ae, m. Anchises, the Antiochus, i, m. 1. Antiochus the ther of Aeneas. 43. Great, king of Syria. 2. Antio-

~~m. or Ancus \ the Academic Ancus, ?, ; Martins, ii, chus, philosopher~~

~~m. The fourth king of Rome, and teacher of Cicero, (80).~~

~~(161). Ardiputcr, tri, m. Antipater, one of m. an- Alexander's after the Antjor, 6m, Anxiety, care, generals ; guish. death of Alexander he received~~

~~Angwtia, ae, f. (angustus), used the government of Greece and~~

~~mostly in pi. Narrow pass, diffi- Macedonia, (241). channel. um. culty ; straits, Ant'iquus, a, Ancient, early.~~

~~um. m. and f. President Angustus, a, Narrow, confined, Antistes, itis, ; contracted, small. priest, priestess.~~

f. life. m. Marcus Anima, ae, Breath, Antonius, ii, Antony ; triumvirate Animadvert^ ere, verti, versum (ani- Antonius formed a mus, adverto). To notice, observe, with Octavianus and Lepidus, perceive. (212). Caius Antonius was the in the consul- Animal, cdis, n. Animal. colleague of Cicero

Ammus, i, m. Mind, soul, courage. ship, (207). ' Anio, Anienis, m. The Anio, a Anxictas, atis, f. Anxiety, solicitude. distin- small river of Italy, a tributary of Apellcs, is, m. Apelles, a the Tiber, (173). guished Greek painter in the time

~~Annecto, ere, nexui, nexum, (ad, nec- of Alexander the Great, (97).~~

~~to). To tie to, annex, fasten to. Apcrte, ius, issime, adv. (apertus).~~

~~Annulus, or anulus, i, m. Ring. Openly, publicly.~~

~~Annus, i, m. Year. Apertus, a, um, part, (aperio). Open- a ed manifest. Annuus, a, um, (annus). Lasting ; open, free, clear,~~

~~year, for a year, annual. Apollo, inis, m. Apollo, the god of Ante, adv., and prep, with ace. Be- divination.~~

~~fore, in respect to place or time ; Apparatus, us, m. Preparation, formcrlv. equipment. ARMENIA] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABTJLAKT. 145~~

~~a miles south of Apparatus, a, um, part. (appSro). thing few Rome, Prepared, ready, equipped. Wi- arsum. To be on Appellatio, onis, f. (appello). Name, Ardeo, ere, arsi,~~

title. fire, burn. arsi. To take Appello, arc, avi, atum, (ad, pello). Ardesco, ere, fire, kindle. To call, name. Appello, ere,pidi,pulsum, (ad, pello). Aresco, ere, arui. To become dry, to To drive to, bring to, induce. dry. f. a cele- Appelo, ere, petlvi, petit, petltum, Arethusa, ae, Arethusa, strive brated fountain in near (ad, peto). To long for, Sicily,

after assail : de- ; appetens, entis, Syracuse. Mado siring, desirous of. Argenleus, a, um, (argentum). of silver. ii, m. Appius', a Roman of silver, n. Silver. name. Appitis Claudius, ii, m., Argentum, i, one of the Decemviri, (26). Argos, n. (only in nom. and ace.), or Approbo, are, avi, atum, (ad, probo). Argi, arum, m. pi. Argos, the ca- To approve, favor. pital of the province of Argolis in the the name was Appropinquo, are, avi, atum, (ad, Peloponnesus ; propinquo). To approach, come often applied to the province itself near. and poetically to all Greece, (96). n. Aplus, a, um. Fitted, adapted, suit- Argumentum, i, Argument, sign, ed, proper. mark. n. a town Apud, prep, with ace. At, near, Ariminum, i, Ariminum, among, at the house of, in the in Umbria on the Adriatic, (209). to works of (applied aiilhors). Ariovistus, i, m. Ariovistus, king

~~Apulia, ae, f. Apulia, a province in of a German tribe in the time of~~

~~southern Italy, (204). Caesar, (4*7).~~

~~Aqua, ae, f. Water. Aristldes, is, m. Aristides, an Athe- Aquila, ae, f. Eagle. nian general and statesman, re-~~

Ara, ae, f. Altar. nowned for his integrity, (49). abis. Arabian subs, an m. of Arabs, ; Aristobidus, i, A king Judea, Arabian, inhabitant of Arabia in who was taken fly Pompey and Asia, (26). carried as prisoner to Rome, (206). n. Ardtrum, i, Plough. Aristotcles, is, m. A distinguished Arb'da, orum, n. Arbela, a town in philosopher, and the teacher of Assyria, famous for the victory of Alexander the Great, (85, 245). Alexander over Darius, (240). Anna, Orum, n. pi. Arms, force of Arbitror, ari, atus sum, dep. To arms.

think, judge, regard. Armatus, a, um, part. (anno). Armed. Arceo, arcere, arcui. To inclose, Armenia, ae, f. Armenia, a country restrain, keep from. of Asia, divided by the river Eu- Ardea, ae, f. Ardea, a city of La- phrates into two unequal parts. 14:6 LATIN EEADEE.

~~viz. : the called Armenia nm. eastern, Assiduus, a, Assiduous ; fre. and the called Major, western, quent; continual, incessant, con, Armenia Minor, (205). stant.~~

~~f. Bracelet. Armilla, ae, Assiano, are, avi, atum, (ad, signo). Armo, are, avi, atum, (arma). To Assign, bestow. arm. Asto, for ad-sto.~~

Arripio, ere, ripui, reptum, (ad, Astrum, i, n. Star, constellation. To seize seize. rapio). upon, Astu, n, indec. City, generally ap- Arrogans, anils, part, (arrogo). plied to Athens. n. Proud, arrogant. Asylum, i, Asylum, place of Arrogantia, ae, f. (arrogans). Ar- refuge.

~~rogance, pride. At, conj. But, yet. Arrogo, are, avi, atum, (ad, rogo). Ater, tra, trum. Dark, black, To claim, arrogate. gloomy.~~

Ars, arlis, f. Art, skill. Athenae, arum, f. pi. Athens, the Arlaphernes, is, m. Artaphernes, capital of Attica, (227). of nephew Darius, (215). Atheniensis, e, adj. (Athenae). n. a Athenian subs. Artemisium, ii, Artemisium, ; Atheniensis, is, promontory and town on the is- m., an Athenian, (216).

land of Euboea, (218). Atilius, ii, m. Atilius, a Roman m. rare. limb. See Arius, us, ; sing. Joint, name. Regains. Aruns, Aruntis, m. 1. Aruns, the Atque, conj. And, and also, and brother of the besides both and. Tarquin Proud, ; atque atque, 2. the (39, iv.). Aruns, son of Attains, i, m. Attains, one of Phi- Tarquin, (170). lip's generals, (234). Arx, arcis, f. Citadel, Attica, ae, f. An important state in the son Ascanius, ii, m. Ascanius, Greece, (216). of Aeneas, (150). Allicus, a, um, (Attica). Attic, Athenian subs. m. Asia, ae, f. Asia, (16). ; Attlcus, i, inhabitant At- Aslna, ae, m. Asina, a suniame of An or citizen of Cnaeus Cornelius, who was the tica, (36). in m. a surname of colleague of Duillius the con- Atficus, i, Atticus, sulship in the early part of the the Roman, Titus Pomponius, (99).

firgt Punic war, (185). Attingo, ere, tigi, tacium, (ad, tan-. To enter Aspis, tdis, f. Asp. go). attain, touch, upon, Asporto, are, avi, atum, (abs, porto). undertake, commence. m. a Roman To bear or carry away. Attius, ii, Attius, name, Assignor, scqui, sfcutus sum, dep. (89). (ad, sequor). To overtake, ob- Attribuo, ere, tribui, tribaium, (ad, ascribe tain. tribuo). To attribute to, or im- Asseveratio, Onis, f. Declaration, to, to bestow, to assign, assertion. pute to. BEXEVOLEXTIA] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.

~~Auclor, oris, m. (augeo). Author, Avenfinus, i, m. The Aventine, one founder, approver, adviser, au- of the seven hills of Rome, (154). thority. Avcrto, ere, vcrti, versum, (ab, verto).~~

~~Audorltas, dtis, f. (auctor). Author- To avert, turn from, remove.~~

~~ity, influence. Avidus, a, um. Desirous, eager.~~

~~Audacia, ae, f. (audax). Boldness, Avis, is, f. Bird.~~

~~insolence, audacity. Avus, i, m. Grandfather. Audax, audacis, (audeo). Bold, audacious, desperate. B.~~

~~Audeo, ere, ausus mm. To dare, at- Babylonia, ae, f. Babylonia, a prov-~~

~~tempt. 272, 3. ince of Syria : also Babylon, the~~

~~Audio, Ire, Ivi or ii, Hum. To hear, capital of Babylonia, (243).~~

~~listen to. Bacchantes, ium, pi. (bacohor). Vo- Aufugio, ere, fugi, fugitum, (ab, taries of Bacchus. flee from run atus fugio). To ; away Bacchor, art, sum, dep. (Bac-~~

from. 338, 1, ab. chus). To celebrate the festival Augeo, ere, auxi, auctum. To en- of Bacchus, to revel. Bacchans, large, increase. antis, part, revelling. atus To Auguror, ari, sum, dep. Bacchus, i, m. The god of wine, augur, predict, foretell. (19). in. Augustus, i, Augustus, surname Barba, ae, f. Beard. of Octavius the first Caesar, of Barbaras, a, um. Foreign, barbar- the Roman Emperors. This sur- ous, rude. name was also often to in. applied Barbarus, i, Foreigner, bar- the Emperors, generally, (213). barian. m. a Roman Aulus, i, Aulus, prae- Beate, ius, isslme, adv. (beatus). ' nomen. Happily. Pertain- Aurarius, a, um, (aurum). Beatus, a, um. Happy. to auraria ing gold ; metalla, Belgae, arum. The Belgians, a war- mines. gold like people in the north of Gaul, Aureus, a, um, (aurum). Made of (25). gold, golden. [driver. Betticosus, a, um, (bellum). War- Auriga, ae, m. and f. Charioteer, like. f. Ear. Auris, is, Bello, arc, am, Cdum, (bellum). To n. Gold. Aurum, i, carry on war. Or aut either Aui, conj. ; aut, Bellum, i, n. War. or, partly partly. Bene, melius, optime, adv. Well. Auiem, conj. But, moreover. S05, 2.

Auxilium, ii, n. Aid n. (augeo.) ; plur. Bcneficium, ii, (beneficus, from auxiliaries. bene, facio). Benefit, favor, kind- Avaritia, ae, f. (avarus). Avarice. ness. um. Avaricious. Avarus, a, Bcncvolcntia, ae, f. (benevulens, LATIN KEADEK. [BEXIGNE

be- Great from benc, volo). Kindness, Britain). British, English, nevolence. (208). adv. i m. Benigne, ius, i&frne, (benig- Britannus, t (Britannia). A nus). Kindly. Briton, (208). wwi. be- Benignus, a, Kind, good, Brutus, i, m. Brutus, a Roman nignant. name. Lucius Junius Brutus was Bcstia, ae, f. A beast. one of the first consuls of Rome, Bestiola, ae, f. (bestia). A small (168). Marcus Junius Brutus and animal, insect. Decimus Junius Brutus acted

Bibo, ere, bibi, bibitum. To drink. prominent parts in the assassina- a tion Bibulus, i, m. Bibulus, Roman of Caesar, (211). name Lucius Bibulus was Cae- n. ; Byzantium, ii, Byzantium, a sar's colleague in the consulship, city on the Bosphorus, now Con- (208). stantinople. n. Biduum, i, (biduus). A period C. of two days.

Biduus, a, urn, (bis, dies). Con- (7. An abbreviation of Caius ; Cn. tinuing two days. of Cnaeus. n. Bicnnium, ii, (bis, annus). A \Cado, ere, cecldi, casum. To fall, period of two years, two years. fall in battle, perish.

~~B'iformis, e, (bis, forma). Having Caccas, a, um. Blind.~~

~~two forms, biformed. Cacdes, is, f. (caedo). Slaughter,~~

~~Bini, ac, a, distribute. Two by two, bloodshed.~~

~~two and two. 174, 2. \Caedo, ere, cecldi, caesum. To cut.~~

~~Bis, adv. Twice. kill, slay.~~

Bocoiius, ii, m. (Boeotia). A Boeo- Caesar, uris, m. Caesar, a surname inhabitant of Boeotia in cen- of the Julian Caius Julius tian, family ; tral Greece, (229). Caesar, a distinguished general sur- Boletus, i, m. Mushroom. and statesman. The title, or

~~Bonitas, atis, f. (bonus). Goodness, name, Caesar, was also applied excellence. generally to denote the Roman~~

~~Bonum, i, n. (bonus). Blessing, emperors, (208). m. a prosperity, any good ; pi. bona, Caius, ii, Caius, Roman name. goods, property. See Caesar.~~

~~Bonus, a, urn; melior, opttmus. Calamitas, atis, f. Loss, calamity, Good, noble, brave. 165. disaster.~~

Bos, Bovis, m. and f. Ox, cow. 72, CalMe, ius, isslme, adv. (callidus). 6 2. ; 90, Shrewdly, skilfully. n. fore-arm. Brachium, ii, Arm, Camillus, i, m. Camillus, a distin- Brevis, c. Short, brief; brevi (tern- guished Roman general, (176). pore), in a short time, shortly. Campania, ae, f. Campania, a prov- Britannlcus, a, um, (Britannia, ince in Central Italy, (182). CASTOR] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULAKY.

Campanus, a, um, (Campania). Cam- Captivus, a, um, (capio). Captive, panian, of Campania. Subs, a Cam- enslaved; substantively, a prison- panian, (44, 131). er, a captive. m. field of Campus, i, A plain, Capius, a, um, part, (capio). Cap- battle. tured, taken. urn. Cand~idus, a, White, clear, Capua, ae, f. Capua, the chief city bright, light. of Campania, (204). m. a Ro- n. Caninius, ii, Caninius, Caput, itis, Head, capital ; capi- man consul, (80). Us damnare, to condemn to Cannae, arum, f. plur. Cannae, a death.

~~village in Apulia, famous for the Career, eris, m. Prison.~~

~~great victory of Hannibal over the Careo, ere, carui, caritum. To be Romans, (191). destitute, be free from, be with-~~

Canncnsis, e, adj. (Cannae). Belong- out. ing to Cannae, of Cannae, (194). Carmen, mis, n. A song, poem; Cano, ere, cecini, cantum. To sing, poetry. sound, crow. Caro, carnis, f. Flesh. n. Canto, are, dvi, dtum, (cano). To Carpentum, i, Chariot, car- sing, play. riage.

Cantus, us, m. (cano). Singing, Carthago, inis, f. Carthage, an an- song, melody. cient city in Northern Africa, Capax, ads, (capio). Capacious, (189). Carthago Nova. New- large, comprehensive, able. Carthage, a town in Spain; now Capesso, ere, Ivi, Uum, (capio). To Carthagcna, (194).

~~take, seize; fugam capessere, to Carthaginicnsis, e, adj. (Carthfigo). resort to betake one's self subs. flight, Carthaginian ; Carlhagini- to 2. flight. 332, 2, ensis, is, m. a Carthaginian, (185).~~

~~Capillus, i, m. Hair. Carus, a, um. Dear.~~

~~Capio, ere, ctpi, captum. To take, Cassius, ii, m. Cassius, a Roman~~

~~take possession of, hold, receive. name. Lucius Cassius, one of (he~~

~~Capitalis, e, (caput). Deadly, mor- accomplices of Catiline, (97,~~

~~tal, capitule crimen, a capital 15). Caius Cassius, one of the crime or offence. conspirators against Caesar,~~

Capitolium, ii, n. Capitol. This (213). term is applied sometimes to the Caste, ius, issime, adv. (castus). temple of Jupiter, and sometimes Virtuously, chastely. to the whole Capitoline Hill, in- Castus, a, um. Chaste, pure. both the and the cluding temple Castdlum, i, n. dimin. (ca strum). citadel *of Rome. Castle, fortress. 315, 3. Capra, ac, f. ^A she-goat. Castor, uris, m. Castor, son of Tyn- Capiivitas, dtis, f. (captlvus.) Cap- darns and brother of Pollux, (63, tivity, bondage. 150 LATIN KEADEE. [CASTRA

~~of a Castra, drum, n. (pi. castrum, Celeriter, ius, rime, adv. (celer),~~

castle). Camp. 132. Swiftly, quickly. 305, 2. Casus, us, m. (cado). Fall, misfor- Cella, ae, f. Store-room, store- accident. house cello, tune, chance, ; penaria, granary. Catilina, ae, m. Catiline. Lucius Celo, arc, avi, atum. To hide, con- Sergius Cat'dma, the notorious ceal. conspirator against the Roman Censeo, ere, censui, censum. To government, (207). think, judge, decree.

~~Catinensis or Catiniensis, is. m. A Censorlnus, i, m. Censorinus, sur- Catinean, a citizen of Catina, a name of Lucius Marcius, a Roman~~

~~city in Sicily, (223). consul in the third Punic war, Cato, onis, m. Cato, the name of (199).~~

~~several distinguished Romans. Census, us, m. Census. The most celebrated was Marcus Centum, indec. Hundred. Porcius Cato, the Censor, (88, 13). Centurio, onis, m. (centum). Cen-~~

~~Catulus, i, m. Catulus, surname of turion.~~

~~Gains Lutatius, a Roman consul Cerno, ere, crevi, crctum. To per-~~

~~at the close of the first Punic war, ceive, see, discern.~~

(188). Certamen, Inis, n. (certo). Contest, Caudlnus, a, um. Caudine; Fi.tr- game, engagement. culae Caudlnae, the Caudine Ccrtdtim, adv. (certutus, from certo). Forks, a narrow defile near Cau- Earnestly, eagerly. in dium, Italy, (179). Certo, are, avi, atum. . To fight, Causa, ae, f. Cause, purpose, busi- struggle, contend, endeavor. suit at law. um. certain ccr- ness, Certus, a, Sure, ;

~~Causidicm, i, m. (causa, dico). tiorcm facere, to inform. advocate Pleader, ; speaker. Ccsso, are, dvi, atum, (cedo). To~~

~~Cauies, is, f. A crag, cliff, rock. cease, pause.~~

~~Caveo, ere, cavi, cautum. To shun, Ccterus, a, um, nom. sing. m. not avoid, guard against; sibi ab used. The other, the rest.~~

~~allquo cavere, to protect one's self CJiaeronea, ae, f. Chaeronea, a town from any one. in Boeotia, the birth-place of Plu-~~

~~Ccdo, ere, cessi, cessum. To give tarch, (232).~~

~~de- f. place to, yield to, withdraw, Chcrsonesus, i, The Chcrsoncsus,~~

~~part. a pcriinsxila in Thracia, west of the Cdcbcr, bris, Ire, Renowned, cele- Hellespont. ' ^brated. Chri*tf&HU) a, um. Christian, often Ccltbro, are, avi, atum, (celebcr). used substantive!;/.~~

~~To celebrate, solemnize. Cicatrix, lets, f. Scar.~~

~~Celer, celeris. Swift. 163, 1. Cicero, onis, m. Cicero, the cele-~~

~~Cdcritas, atis, f. (celer). Celerity, brated Roman orator, (207). a swiftness. Cincinnati^, i, m. Cincinnatus, COEO] LATIN-ENGLISII VOCABULARY. 151~~

renowned Roman citizen and dic- Clades, is, f. Loss, slaughter, de- defeat. tator, (71). struction, Cineas, ae, m. A friend and favorite Clam, adv., and prep, with ace. or minister of Pyrrhus. abl. Secretly, without the know- Cingo, ere, cinxi, cinctum. To sur- ledge of. crown invest. um. round, encompass ; ; Clarus, a, Splendid, renowned,

~~Cinna, ae, m. Cinna, a surname illustrious, clear. Lucius Cor- m. ma- among the Romans. Classiarius, ii, (classis). A nelius Cinna, confederate of Ma- rine, pi. naval forces.~~

~~rius in the civil war, (203). Classis, is, f. A fleet.~~

Circa, prep, with .ace. About, Claudius, ii, m. The fourth Roman around, among. .JV 'U emperor, (41). Appius Claudius, Circiter, prep, with ace. About, one of the decemviri, (25). near. clausum. , f!laudo, daudere, clausi, f Circiwjfc circa. JJ To close, shut. Circum-do, dare, dedi, datum. To Claudus, a, um. Lame. place around, surround, invest. Clemens, entis. Mild, gentle, clem-

~~' Circum-eo, Ire, Ivi or ii, Hum. To ent. go around, surround, encompass, dementia, ae, f. (clemens). Mild- 295. ness, clemency.~~

~~Ci.rcumspicio, ere, spcxi, spectum. Cleopatra, ae, f. Cleopatra, queen .(Xcircum, specio). To look round, of Egypt, (211). Another of the ' look for, seek. same name was the daughter of~~

~~Circum-venio, Ire, veni, venium. Tu Philip of Macedon, (234). sur- come around, encompass, Clipeus, or clypeus, i, m. Shield.~~

~~round, circumvent, deceive. Cloaca, ae, f. Sewer, drain.~~

~~Cis, prep, with ace. On this side Cnaeus, or Cneus, i, m. Cnaeus, a~~

of, within. Roman name; as Cnaeus Pom- Cito, are, avi, atum. To excite, peius. hasten citato at full urge, ; equo, Coarguo, ere, coargui, (cum, arguo). gallop or speed. To arraign, accuse, indict; con-

~~Cito, citius, citissime, adv. (citus). vict.~~

Soon, quickly. Codes, \tis, m. Codes, a Roman Citra, adv., and prep, with ace. On surname. Horatius Codes, a Ro- this side. man, distinguished in the war with Citus, a, um. Quick, swift, rapid. Porsena, (171). domestic. Civllis, e, (civis). Civil, Coelum, i, n. The heavens, sky,

~~Civilitas, atis, f. (civilis). Civility, weather.~~

~~politeness. Coena, ae, f. Principal meal of the~~

~~Civis, is, m. and f. Citizen. Romans, supper, dinner.~~

~~f. CivVas, dtis, (civis). City, state, Coeo, ire, Ivi or ii, Vum, (cum, eo). citizenship. To collect, assemble. 290. 152 LATIN READER. [COKPI~~

def. To Coepi, isli, it, begin. 297. Comburo, fre, bussi, bustum, (cum, Cocrceo, ercerc, ercui, ercllum, (cum, buro = uro, to barn). To burn, arceo). To check, confine, re- consume. strain. Comes, itis, m. and f. Companion. atum. Cogito, arc, avi, To think, Comissatio, onis, f. RevelUng. ponder. Commeatus, us, m. Supph'es. um. subs, a Cognalus, a, Related, Commemoro, are, avi, alum, (cum, relative. memoro). To recall, remember, Cognitus, a, urn, part, (cognosce). commemorate, mention. known. Ascertained, Commenlor, ari, aim mm, dep. To Cognomen, inis, n. (cum, noinen or meditate, muse upon, consider, gnomen). Surname. think, devise, invent. Coffnomlno, are, avi, atum, (cogno- Commigro, are, avi, atum, (cum, men). To surname, call, name. migro). To migrate.

~~Cognosce, ere, novi, nltum, (cum, Comminuo, ere, minui, minutum, nosco or gnosco). To ascertain, (cum, minuo). To dash in pieces,~~

~~learn, recognize. crush ; lessen ; weaken.~~

Cogo, ere, coegi, coactum. To col- Committo, ere, misi, missum, (cum, lect, force, compel. mitto). To bring together, unite, commit commit- Cohibco, ere, ui, Hum, (cum, habeo). intrust, ; pugnam To hold, check, confine. tere, to engage in battle.

~~f. n. Cohors, cohortis, Cohort, tenth Commodum, i, Advantage, bene- part of a legion. fit.~~

~~Collatlnus, i, m. Oollatinus, sur- Commodus, a, um, (cum, modus).~~

~~name of Tarquinius, the colleague Suitable, fit, proper, convenient.~~

~~of Brutus in the consulship, Commonefacio, ere, fed, factum, in (160). (cum, moneo, facio). To put~~

~~Collcga, ae, m. Colleague. mind, remind, impress earnestly.~~

~~Colligo, ere, Ugi, lectum, (cum, lego). Commuror, ari, atussum, (cum,mo- To collect, bring together. ror). To tarry, delay.~~

Colloco, are, avi, atum, (cum, loco). Commoveo, ere, movi, motum, (cum, To erect to in To excite. place, set, ; give moveo). move, marriage. Communis, c. Common. n. adv. In Colloquium, ii, (colloquor). Con- Communlter, (communis). versation, interview. common, conjointly. Colloquor, loqui, locuttts sum, dep. Commutatio, onis, f. Change. (cum, loquor). To converse, talk Compuro, are, uvi, alum, (cum, with. paro). To prepare, make, pro-

~~Collum, i, n. Neck. cure, compare. Colo, ere, colui, cultum. To culti- CompeUo, arc, avi, atum, (cum, pel- vate call. ; honor, worship. lo). To address,~~

~~Color, Oris, m. Color, complexion. Compcllo, ere, piili, puhum, (cum, CONGRESSIOJ LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 153~~

pello). To thrust together, to sum, (cum, curro). To meet, as' semble rush to. force, compel, impel. ; engage, fight ; Compensatio, onis, f. Compensa- Conditio, onis, f. (condo). Condition, tion, exchange, barter. terms.

~~Compcrio, Ire, peri, pertum* To Condo, ere, dldi, d'ttum, (cum, do). find To found hide find, out. ; conceal, ; place,~~

Compes, edis," f. (cum, pes). Fetter, bury. chain. Conduco, ere, duxi, ductum, (cum, cui. To To collect Compcsco, ere, confine, duco). conduct, ; hire, check.. - contract for. colld- Complector, ti, pleZus sum, (cum, Confero, conferre, contuli,

plcctor). To embrace, encompass. tum, (cum, fero). To collect, battle Compleo, ere, cm, '$tum, (cum, pleo). confer, compare ; engage ; se to betake one's self. To fill, complete. conferre, Complures, a. More than one; Confestim, adv. Immediately. several, very many. Conficio, ere, fed, fcctum, (cum, Compono, ere, posui, positum, (cum, facio). To finish, accomplish, pono). To settle, adjust, adapt, make, produce, wear out. compose. Confldo, ere, fisus sum, (cum, fido). Comporto, are, avi, atum, (cum, To trust, confide in. porto). To carry, bear, collect. Conflgo, ere,jixi,jixum, (cum, figo.) fasten Compos, oils, (cum, potis). Having To transfix, together. the mastery or control over any- Confingo, ere, finxi, fictum, (cum, of. To thing ; sharing in, partaking fingo). form, feign, pretend. Comprehendo, ere, di, sum, (cum, Confirmo, are, avi, atum, (cum, prehendo). To seize, arrest, com- firmo). To make firm, strengthen corroborate. prehend. ; encourage ; Concedo, ere, ccssi, ccssum, (cum, Conflsus, a, um, part, (confldo). To to de- cedo). concede, grant ; Trusting, relying upon. withdraw it part, ; pass, impers., Confllgo, ere, flixi, flictum, (cum,

~~is conceded. fligo). To engage, fight. ConcldO) ere, tidi, (cum, cado). To Confodio, ere, fodi, fossum, (cum,~~

~~fall, perish. fodio). To pierce, wound.~~

Concilia, are, avi, atum, (concilium). Confugio, ere, fiigi, fugitum, (cum, To unite, conciliate, procure, win. fugio). To flee for refuge. n. Concilium, ii, Council, meeting. Cortgredior, grcdi, gressus sum, clep. Concio, Cnis, f. Public assembly. (cum, gradior). To encounter,

Conclto, are, avi, atum, (cum, cito). fight. To raise excite rebellion. ; excite, Congrego, arc, avi, atum., (cum, Concordia, ae, f. (concors, harmo- grego). To collect, congregate. nious). Concord, harmony. Congrcssio, onis, f. (congredior). Concurro, ere, curri (cucurri], cur- Engagement, battle. 7* 154 LATIN READER. [CONJICIO

~~Conjicio, ere, jcci, jectum, (cum, nam conscrcre, to join battle, en-~~

jacio). To discharge, hurl, throw, gage in battle. diive. Conservo, are, avi, aturn, (cum, ser- Conjungo, ere, junxi, junctum, (cum, vo). To preserve, watch over, jungo). To join, combine. rescue. Conjuratio, onis, f. (conjuro). Con- Considero, are, avi, atum. To in- spiracy. spect, examine.

~~Conjuratus, a, um, part, (conjuro). Consldo, ere, sedi, sessum, (cum, sido). Having conspired. To encamp, settle.~~

~~Conjuro, are, avi, atum, (cum, Concilium, ii, n. Counsel, advice, juro) To conspire. wisdom, intention, design, council.~~

~~Conjux, ugis, m. and f. (conjungo). Consisto, ere, sttti, stitum, (cum,~~

~~Husband, wife. sisto). To place or station one's~~

~~Conon, dni$, m. Conon, a cele- self, to stand. brated Athenian general, (39, Consolor, dri, dtus sum, dep. (cum,~~

~~111). solor). To comfort, console. Conor, dri, dtus sum, dcp. To en- Conspectus, us, m. (conspicio). deavor, attempt. Sight, presence.~~

Consccndo, ere, sccndi, sccnsum, Conspicio, ere, spexi, spcctum, (cum, (cum, scando). To ascend, em- specio). To see, observe. bark. Conspicor, dri, dtus sum, dep. (con- to con- sec. Conscius, a, um. Privy ; spicio). To behold,

~~scious of subs, confi- f. ; accomplice, Conspiralio, Cnis, (conspiro). dant. Union, conspiracy.~~

~~Conscrlbo, ere, scripsi, scripiwn Constanter, ius, issime, adv. (consto). To to (cum, scribo). summon ; , Consistently.~~

~~order f. Con- enrol, arrange, ; compose. Constantia, ae, (consto).~~

~~Conscriptus, a, um, part, (conscribo). . stancy, firmness. con- Enrolled, assembled. Patres Constat, impers,(consta). It is known, scripli, conscript fathers, i. e. senis an admitted fact.~~

ators. Constituo, crc, ui, ulnm, (cum, sta- atum sa- constitute erect Consccro, arc, <~v>, (cum, tuo). To ; build, ; To consecrate. cro). station, place ; appoint, arrange, Conscctor, dri, fitits sum, dep. (cum, manage.

~~sector). To follow, pursue.. Consto, are, sttti, st'ltnm-, (cum, sto). Conscnesco, crc, scnui (cum, senesco). To stand together, halt.~~

~~To grow old. Coi'sucsco, crc, cvi, ctum, (cum, su-~~

~~Conscquor, scqui, sccatus sum, (cum, csco). To be accustomed.~~

~~sequor). To succeed, follow, pur- Cor.suctndo^ \nis, f. (consuesco). sue obtain. habit. ; secure, Custom, usage,~~

~~Consfro, ti" (cuin, scro). Consul, idis, m. (consiilo). Consul, tan To join together-, man or pit'g- Roman chief magistrate. Co EI OLANUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 155~~

~~e. Consular subs, one Consularu, ; Contraho, ere, traxi, tractum, (cum, who has been consul, one of contraho). To collect, incur, contract.~~

sular rank, Contrarius, a, um, (contra). Con- Consulates, us, m. (consul). Con- trary to, opposite. sulship. Contrucldo, are, avi, atum, (cum, sullum. To con- Consulo, ere, sului, trucido). To slay, kill, mangle. consider with dot. to consult tuitus sult, ; Contueor, tueri, sum, dep.

~~. for one's good. (cum, tueor). To survey, Ice": atum. To fin- behold Consammo, are, dvi, upon, ; consider, ponder.~~

~~ish, accomplish, complete. Convalesco, ere, lui, (cum, valesco). Consumo, ere, sumpsi, sumptum, To gain strength, recover. (cum, sumo). To consume, wear Conveniens, entis, (convenio). Be-~~

~~out, waste, use, employ. coming, fit, proper.~~

~~Contego, ere, texi, tectum, (cum, tego). Convenienter, ius, isslme, adv. (con- To cover. venio). Fitly, suitably, agreeably, Contemno, ere, tempsi, temptum,(cmn, consistently.~~

tcmno). To contemn, despise, dis- Convenio, Ire, vtni, ventum, (cum, regard. venio). To convene, assemble, befit. Contemptus, us, m. (contemno). Con- meet, agree, harmonize, tempt, scorn, disregard. Converto, ere, verti, versuni, (cum, To Contendo, ere, tendi, tentum, (cum, verto). turn, change, alter, at- convert. tendo). To contend, strive, tempt, labor; betake one's self, go. Convince, ere, vici, victam, (cum, Contentio, onis, f. (contendo). Ef- vinco). To conquer, convict. n. fort, contest, struggle, exertion. Convivium, ii, Feast, banquet. con- Contentus, a, um. Content, Convoco, are, avi, atum, (cum, voco). tented. To assemble, call together.

~~f. Contlnens, entis, (contineo). Ad- Copia, ae, Abundance, supply,~~

continuous subs. f. con- ability, joining, ; power; pi. forces, stores, tinent. supplies. and with abl. In Continentia, ae, f. (contineo). For- Coram, adv., prep, the before. bearance, self-control. presence of, f. a of Contineo, ere, tinui, tentum, (cum, Corirethus, i, Corinth, city teneo). To hold, keep, check. Achaia, (162). Co- Continuo, are, avi, atum, (contin- Corinthius, a, um, (Corinthus). subs. m. a uus). To connect, unite, con- rinthian, Corinthius, ii, tinue. Corinthian, (45). m. a sur- Contra, adv., and prep, with ace. Coriolanus, i, Coriolanus, to name to Caius Marcius, de- Against, opposite to, contrary ; given of a on the contrary. rived from Coriuli, the name in Contra-dlco, ere, dixi, dictum. To town which he had taken war, contradict, object to. 156 LATIN READER. [COBIOU

~~a Corwli, drum, m. pi. Corioli, Crucio, are, avi, atom,, (crux). To town in Latium, (174). pain, afflict, torture.~~

f. the e. Cruel. Cornelia, ae, Cornelia, mo- Crudelis, ther of the Gracchi, (131). Crudelitas, atis, f. (crudelis). Cru- m. the name Cornelius, ii, Cornelius, elty. adv. of a distinguished Koman gens, Crudeliter, ius, issime, (crude' Publius including the Scipios ; as, Ms). Cruelly. n. The a cubit. Cornelius Scipio, (190, 194). Cubitum, i, elbow, to f. blame. Cornelius, a, utn. Belonging the Culpa, ae, Fault, Cornelian family, (120). Cultura, ae, f. (colo). Agriculture, Cornu, us, n. Horn, wing of an cultivation, army. Cultus, us, m. Culture, necessaries,

~~Corona, ae, f. Garland, crown. as food, clothing, etc.~~

~~Corpus, oris, n. Body, community. Cum, prep, with abl. With.~~

~~Corrlijo, 8re, rexi, rectum, (cum, Cum, conj. = quum. rego). To reform, correct. Cumae, drum, f. Cumae, an ancient~~

~~Corriplo, ere, ripui, reptum, (cum, city and colony in Campania, on rapio). To seize, lay hold of. the sea-coast, renowned for its~~

~~Corrampo, ere, rupi, r upturn, (cum, Sibyl, (49, 7). rumpo). To corrupt, bribe, seduce. Cunctatio, onis, f. (cunctor). De-~~

~~Crassus, i, m. Crassus, a Koman lay.~~

name, (93). Marcus Licinius Cunctor, ari, dtus sum. To delay, Crassus, a Roman general, (204). hesitate. Creber, bra, brum. Frequent, nu- Cunctus, a, um. All, all together, merous. entire. *"4^ Credo, ere, crcdldi, creditum. To Cuplde, ius, istime, adv. (cupldus). trust, believe. Eagerly.

~~f. a f. Crcmera, ae, The Crcmera, Cupidltas, atis, (cupidus). Desire, river of Etruria, in Italy, (175). wish.~~

~~Crco, are, avi, at urn. To appoint, Cupidus, a, um, (cupio). Desirous, elect, make. having desires, avaricious, covet-~~

~~Crcsco, ere, crevi, crctum. To grow, ous, fond of. ivi increase. Cupio, ere, or ii, Itum. To de- Crimcn, inis, n. Crime, accusa- sire. tion. Cur, adv. Why, wherefore.~~

~~Criniinor, ari, atus sum, dep. (cri- Cura, ac, f. Care, management, mcn). To accuse. anxiety.~~

~~f. the an- '-, is, m. Hair. Cures, ium, pi. Cures,~~

~~Crilias, ae, m. Critias, one of the cient capital of the Sabincs,~~

~~thirty tyrants at Athens, (228). (159).~~

~~a leader in f. Senate-house ward. Crixus, i, m. Crixus, Curia, ae, ; the war of the gladiators, (204). Curlatii, Orwn, m. pi. Tho Curiatii, DEDO] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 157~~

~~n. three brothers who were selected Damnum, i, Loss, damage. a from theAlban army to engage Darius, ii, m. Darius, celebrated in combat with the three Horatii, king of Persia, (215).~~

also brothers, from the Romans, Datis, is, m. Datis, one of the gen- " (160). See note on Horatiorum erals of Darius, (215). et Curiatiorum," (160). De, prep, with abl. From, of, con- a on the over. Curius, ii, m. Curius, Roman cerning, subject of, idum. To name, (27). Debeo, ere, ui, owe, Curo, are, avi, atum. To care for, ought. take care of. Debeor, eri, debllus sum, dep. To

Curro, ere, cucurri, cursum. To be due, belong. run. DebilUo, are, avi, atum. To weak- disable. Currus, us, m. (curro). Chariot. en, cessum. To de- Cursor, oris, m. Cursor, surname De-ccdo, ere, cessi, die. of Lucius Papiriits, dictator in part, withdraw, indecL Ten. the Samnite war, (178). Decem,

~~Cursus, us, m. (curro). Course. Decemplcx, icis, (decem, plico, to Custodia, ae, f. Care, charge of, fold). Tenfold.~~

custody, confinement. Decem-vir, viri, m. A decemvir. de- Custodio, ire, Ivi or ii, Itum, (custos). De-cerno, ere, crcvi, cretum. To To guard, preserve, watch. cide; contend, fight; decree, in- Custos, odis, m. and f. Guard, trust by decree. keeper. Decet, decuit, impers. It is seemly,

~~Cyriicus, i, m. A Cynic philosopher, becoming, becomes.~~

~~Decldo, ere., cldi, clsum, (de, caedo).~~

~~Cynosccpfialae, arum, f. pi. Cynos- To cut off; decide, determine.~~

~~cephalae, "Dogs' Heads," two Decimus, a, um, (decem). Tenth.~~

~~hills in Thessaly, (197). Decipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, (de, capio).~~

~~f. island in Cyprus, i, Cyprus, an To deceive.~~

~~the Mediterranean sea, near Asia De-claro, are, dvi, atum. To make Minor, (27, 11). clear, manifest; declare, pro-~~

~~Cyrus, i, m. The name of two emi- nounce. nent Persian the n. Decree. princes ; Cyrus, Dccrctum, i, (decerno).-~~

~~Great, the founder of the Persian Decus, oris, n. Ornament, honor.~~

~~empire, (13), and Cyrus, the son De-decus, oris, n. Disgrace.~~

~~of Darius, (225), Dedicatio, onis, f. (dedico). Dedica- tion. D. Dedico, are, avi, atum, (de, dico). Damnatio, onis, f. Condemnation. To dedicate.~~

~~J)amno, are, avi^ atum, (damnum). Dedltio, onis, f. (dedo). Surren- To condemn to der. ; capltis damnarc, to condemn death. De-do, crc, dldl, fatum. To surren- 158 LATIN READER. [DEDUCQ~~

~~one's self n. der; devote to, give Delirium, ii, Madness,- dotage, one's self up to. instances of it.~~

~~ductum. To Delos or f. De-duco, ere, duxi, bring Delus, i, Delos, a lead. small island in down, conduct; remove; the Aegean sea, De-fatigo, are' avi, alum. To weary, (27, 10).~~

fatigue. Delphi, orum, m. pi. Delphi, a Defectio, onis, f. (deficio). Failure, town of Phocis, celebrated for the eclipse, defection. temple and oracle of Apollo, Dc-fendo, ere, fendi, fensum. To (217). ward off. defend, Demaratus, i, m. Deinaratus, the

~~De-fero, ferre, tuli, latum. To offer, father of Tarquinius Priscus,~~

~~exhibit, bestow, present : carry or (162). bear away. De-mergo, ere, mersi, mersum. To Deficio, ere, fed, fectum, (de, facio). plunge in, bury in, sink.~~

To fail, spend itself; be eclipsed; De-mitto, ere, mlsi, missum. To let desert, revolt. down, drop, send away, send. m. a De-Jlagro, are, avi, atum. To burn, Dcmocrltus, i, Democritus, Grecian burn down, consume, destroy. celebrated philosopher,

Deformis, e, (de, forma). Deformed, (91). morluus ugty- Demorior, mori, sum, (de, To die. De-fungor, gi,functus sum. To dis- morior). execute die. Demosthenes, is, m. Demosthenes, charge, ; To the. most celebrated of the Gre- De-glabo, ere, , gluptum. flay, to skin. cian orators, (92, 7). adv. At Dem or deinde, adv. Then, after- Demum, length, finalty. a Ho- wards. Denarius, ii, m. Denarius, a rn an silver worth about six- Dciotarus, i; m. Deiotarus, king coin, teen cents. of Galatia, (206). a. Ten ten, ten at a Dfjicio, ere, jld, fectum, (de, jacio) Deni, ae, by time. To throw down, overthrow, slay. To allure adv. Finally. Dc-lecto, are, avi, atum. ; Deniquc, m. A tooth. to delight, please. Dens, dentis, atum. To make Delectus, a, urn, (dellgo). Chosen. De-nudo, are, avi,

Deleo, crc, tvi, etum. To destroy, naked, strip. f. De- efface, put an end to. Dcnuntiatio, onis, (denuntio). De-libero, are, avi, atum. To de- nunciation, warning. de- liberate. De-nuntio, are, avi, atum. To denounce. Dclidae, arum, f. pi. Delights, clare, be- adv. afresh. pleasures; delight, darling, Denuo, Again, To drive loved. De-pello, ere, puli, pulsum.

~~Dcligo, ere, legi, lectum, (de, lego). away, expel select love. positum. To To choose, ; Dc-pono, ere, posui, DlQNUS LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULAKY. 159~~

~~lay down or aside, deposit, de- DetrahOj ere, traxi, tractum, (de, pose. traho). To draw or take away or~~

~~De-populor, ari, aim sum. To pil- from, detract.~~

lage, depopulate. Detrimentum, i, n. Loss, damage, De-porto, are, avi, alum. To carry detriment, harm. off 6. or away. Deus, i, m. God, deity. See 45, atus atum. To Depraedor, ari, sam, (de, prae- De-vasto, are, , devastate,

~~dor). To ravage, plunder. pillage.~~

~~Deprehendo, ere, di, sum, (de, pre- De-venio, ire, veni, ventum. To come~~

~~liendo). To seize, catch, detect, down, arrive, reach. surprise. De-vinco, ere, vici, victum. To con-~~

~~De-pugno, are, avi, atum. To fight. quer. Derelictio, onis, f. (de, relinquo). Dexter, tra, frum. Right, on the Neglect, disregard. right hand.~~

Dc-scribo, ere, scripsi, scriptum. To Dextra, ae, f. The right hand. describe assess See Dis. ; impose ; ; desig- DL nate; divide. Diadcma, atis, n. Diadem. a Desero, ere, serui, serlum, {de, sero). J)iagoras, ae, m. Diagoras, Rho- To abandon, desert. dian athlete, who distinguished in De-sidero, are, avi, atum. To long himself the Olympic games, for, wish, desire earnestly. (143).

~~Desilio, Ire, silui, sultum, (de, salio). Diana, ae, f. The goddess Diana, To alight, dismount. the daughter of Jupiter and La-~~

~~Desino, ere, sivi or sii, tfitum, (de, tona, and sister of Apollo, (97).~~

~~sino). To cease, desist. Dico, ere, dixi, dictum. To say, call.~~

~~Desipio, ere, (de, sapio). To be Dictator, oris, m. (dico). Dictator,~~

~~void of understanding, be foolish, an officer appointed by the Romans be delirious. in times of great danger.~~

~~Dc-sisto, ere, stlti, sfltum. To de- Dido, us, or onis, f. Dido, the foun-~~

~~sist, leave off. dress of Carthage, daughter of~~

~~Dcsperatio, onis, f. (despero). De- Belus, (44, III.)~~

~~spair, desperation. Dies, ei, m. and f. Day. atum. De-spero, are, avi, To de- Difficile, ius, lime, adv. (difficilis).~~

spair. With difficulty. Difficult. Despicio, ere, spexi, spectum, (de, Difficilis, c, (dis, facilis). specie). To despise, disregard. 163, 2. atum. To Desttno, are, avi, destine, Digltus, i, m. Finger.

~~appoint, design. I Dignitas, citis, f. (dignus). Dignity,~~

De-sum, essc,fui. To fail, be wanting. rank, office. De-terreo, ere, ui, itum. To deter. Dignor, art, Cdus sum, (dignus). To Detineo, ere, tenui, tentum, (de, te- deem worthy, deign. neo). To detain, hinder. Diynus, a um. Worthy. 160 LATIN EEADEE. [DlLABOB

~~Di-iabor, labi, lapsus sum, dcp. To Dis-curro,~~

~~Dilutio, CniSj f. Delay, delaying. Dispcryo, ere, spcrsi, spcrsum, (dis,~~

~~Dil;ffcns, cntis, (diligo). Fond of, di, epargo). To scatter, disperse.~~

mindful, diligent, observant. Displicco, ere, plicui, plicitum, (dis, D'digentcr, ins, isslme, adv. (diligens). placco). To displease. Carefully, diligently, earnestly. Dis-piito, arc, dvi, Cdum. To com-

~~f. Dili- estimate investi- Dttigentia, ae, (diligens). pute, ; examine, gence. gate, discuss.~~

~~DiLyo, ere, Icxi, lecium, (dis, lego). DtS'Scro, ere, serui, sertum. To ex- To choose, love. amine, argue, discuss.~~

~~Dimico, are, dvi, atum, (dis, di, Dissidium, ii, n. Dissension.~~

~~mico). To encounter, fight. Dis-similis, e, Unlike, dissimilar. Di-mitto, ere, misi, missum. To dis- Dissimulo, are, am, atum. To dis- miss, let go. semble, conceal, omit.~~

~~Diogenes, is, m. Diogenes, the noted D it-sipo, arc, dvi, atum. To dissi- Cynic philosopher of Greece, (135). pate, scatter.~~

~~Dion, onis, m. Dion, brother-in-law Dis-solvo, ere, sohi, solatum. To de- of the tyrant Dionysius of Syra- stroy, abolish, dissolve.~~

~~cuse, (31). Dis-tribuo, ere, tribui, tributum. To~~

~~Dionysius, ii, m. Dionysius, tyrant distribute.~~

~~of Syracuse, (26). Districtus, a, um, (distringo). Busy,~~

~~Diripio, ire, ripu'i, rcptum, (dis, di, occupied v/ith.~~

~~rapio). To lay waste, pillage. Distringo, ere, strinxi, stricium, (di, at- Diruo, ere, dlrui, diratum, (dis, di, stringo). To occupy, engage~~

~~ruo). To destroy, demolish. tention.~~

~~Dis, or di, insep. prep. Asunder, Dttio, onis, f. Rule, sway. not. Diu, diutius, diutisslme, adv. Long,~~

~~Dis-cedo, ere, ccssi, cessum. To de- for a long time.~~

~~part, retire from. Diutinus, a, um, (diu). Of long du- Disceptatio, onis, f. Debate, quarrel. ration, lasting.~~

~~in- at f. Disdplina, ae, f. Discipline, Diu'urmlas, is, (diuturnus). struction. Long time. um. J)lscipidus, i, m. (disco). A learner, Divcrsus, a, Diverse, unlike, scholar, disciple. opposite.~~

~~Dixco, ere, didtci. To learn. ])'ir~~

~~D'scordia, ae, f. Strife, discord. Divlco, onis, m. Divico, a distin-~~

~~Discordo, arc, dvi, atum, (discors, guished Helvetian general, (85, 5).~~

~~discordant}. To differ, be at va- Divide, ere, dlvisi, divlsum. To di- riance, disagree. vide, allot.~~

~~Discrlmen, mis, n. Danger, crisis. Divlnus, a, um. Divine. EDO] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 161~~

~~Divitiae, arum, f. (dives). Riches, Dubito, are, avi; atum. To doubt wealth. hesitate. 'um. subs, um. Doubtful neut. Divus, a, Divine; god, Dubius, a, ; of- goddess. ten subs, doubt.~~

Dor dare, dcdi, datum. To give, Ducenti, ae, a. Two Hundred. grant, impute, allow. Duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To lead, turn." To teach. conduct with to Doceo, ere, id, ; uxorem, marry. learn- Doctrlna, ae, f. Instruction, Duillius, ii, m. Duillius, a Roman

~~ing, erudition, doctrine. name. Caius Duillius, a Roman~~

~~Doctus, a, um, (doceo). Learned, commander and consul in the first skilled. Punic war, (185).~~

e. Documcntum, i, n. Lesson, proof, Dulcis, Sweet, pleasant, agreeable. specimen, mark. Dum, conj. While, until, provided. Dolabella, ae, m. Dolabella, a Ro- Dum-modo, conj. So long as, pro- man name. Publius Cornelius vided that.

~~Dolabella, son-in-law of Cicero, Duo, ae, o. Two, both. 176, 2. (122). Duodecim, indec. (duo, decem).~~

~~Doleo, ere, ui, itum. To grieve. Twelve.~~

~~Dolor, oris, m. (dolco). Pain, grief. Duodecimus, a, um, (duodecim).~~

~~Dohis, i, m. Artifice, deceit. Twelfth.~~

~~Domesticus, a, um, (domus). Domes- Duodcquadrageslmus, a, um. Thirty-~~

~~tic, private, personal. eighth.~~

~~Domicilium, ii, n. (domus). Habi- Duo-de-viginti, indec. Eighteen. tation, abode. Duplex, ids. Double. Dominatio, onis. Rule, tyranny. Duplico, are, am, atum, (duplex).~~

~~Dominatus, its, m. Rule, sove- To double, increase.~~

~~feignty. Duritia, ae, f. (durus). Hardiness,~~

~~Domlnus, i, m. Master, owner. austerity, rigid temperance, hard-~~

~~Domor arc, ui, itum. To subdue. ship.~~

its or f. um. rude. Domus, i, House, home ; Durus, a, Hard, harsh, domi, at home. Dux, ducis, m.. and f. (duco). Donee, conj. Until. Leader, guide, general. Dono, are, am, atum, (donum). To E give, present with. n. Donum, i, (do). Present, gift. E or ex, prep, with abL From, out

~~Dormio, Ire, wi or ii, itwn. To of, of.~~

~~sleep, slumber, rest. Ebriclas, atis, f. Drunkenness.~~

~~Dos, dotis, f. Gift, dowry. E-disco, ere, didici. To learn by~~

~~Drusus, i, m. Drusus, son of the heart, commit to memory. Emperor Tiberius, (146). E-do, edere, edidi, edttum. To set~~

~~f. Dubitatio, onis, (dubito). Doubt, forth, publish ; do, perform, make, hesitation. utter. 162 LATIN EEADEE. [EDOCEO~~

~~E-doceo, ere, docui, doctum. To Elegantia, ac, f. Elegance, taste, teach one thoroughly, inform, in- propriety.~~

~~struct. Elemcnta, drum, n. pi. The first E-diico, ere, duxi, ductum. To lead principles, rudiments, elements. out or form. Elephantus, i, m. Elephant.~~

~~Efero, are, avi, utum. To enrage, Eligo, ere, elegi, elcctum, (e, lego). madden, render unmanageable. To choose, elect.~~

Ejfcro, ferre, extuli, elatum, (ex, Eloquens, entis, (eloquor). Eloquent. fero). To bring forth, carry forth Eloquenler, ius, issime, adv. (elo- or out elate. ; quens). Eloquently. Ef/icio, ere, feci,fectum, (ex, facio). Eloquentia, ae, f. Eloquence. To effect, occasion, accomplish, E-loquor, ISqui, locutus sum, dep. make, render. To speak out, utter, declare, tell. Effluo, ere, fluxi, jfluxum, (ex, fluo). Emax, ucis, (emo). Eager to buy, To flow out, pass away, disappear. fond of buying.

~~Ejfucfio, ere, ftigi, fug^ltum, (ex, fu- E-mergo, ere, mersi, mersum. To~~

~~gio). To flee, escape from, escape. emerge, come to light, rise in im- Ejfundo, ere, fadi, fusum, (ex, fun- portance.~~

~~To f. ex- do). pour out, pour ; indulge Eminentia, ae, Eminence, in waste. ; squander, cellence.~~

~~Egeo, egtre, egui. To need, to want, Emineo, ere, ui. To stand out, be require, to be without. prominent or conspicuous.~~

Egcria, ae, f. Egeria, a prophetic E-miito, ere, misi, missum. To send from whom Numa forth or let nymph pro- away ; go. fessed to receive instructions, Emo, ere, emi, emptum. To buy, (159). purchase. I. I exer- Ego, mei, Egumet, myself. Emolumentum, i, n. Effort, 3. tion 184, ; gain, profit, advantage. Egredior, egredi, egressus sum, dep. Enim, conj. For, indeed. To or come forth (e, gradior). go out, E-niteo, ere, nitui. To shine ; to go forth, to go, to run away. be distinguished.

~~Egrcgle, adv. (egregius). Excel- Ennius, ii, n. Ennius, a celebrated lently, remarkably. Roman poet, (120). Egregius, a, urn. Excellent, dis- Eo, adv. Thither; therefore; eo~~

~~tinguished. usque, so far, to such an extent.~~

Ejlcio, ere, ejcci, cjectum, (e, jacio). Eo, ire, wi or ii, itum. To go; or To throw drive out, expel; walk, sail, ride, pass. 295. reject. Eodem, adv. (idem). To the same E-lubor, clabi, elapsus sum., dep. To place.

~~slip away, get off, escape. Epaminondas, ac, m., Epaminondas, a E-IabOro, fire, firi, turn. To labor, a celebrated Tbcban general,~~

~~exert one's self. (92, 5). EXCEDO] LATm-EXGLISH VOCABULARY. 163~~

~~Ephesius, a, um. Epliesian, relating Et-nim, "conj. For, truly, because to Ephesus, of Ephesus, born at that, since.~~

Ephesus, (9T). Etiam. Also, even. Etiam-si. Even Epigramma, atis, n. Inscription, if, although. epigram. 90, 1. Etiam-tum, conj. Ev*en then, till a in still. Eplrus, i, f. Epirus, province then, the north of Greece, (180). Elruria, ae, f. Etruria, a country of Central Epistula, ae, f. A letter,, epistle. Italy ; Tuscany, (190). inha- Epulae, arum, f. pi. Food, banquet, Etruscus, i, m. An Etruscan, feast. bitant of Etruria, (171). Et-si. Epulor, ari, atus sum, (epulae). To Even if, although, though. feast. Euboea, ae, f. Euboea, an island in the Eques, itis, m. (equus). Horseman. Aegean sea, (84). [(144). PL cavalry. Euripides,is, m. An Athenian poet, in Equestcr, iris, ire, (eques). Eques- Euphrates, is, m. A river Asia, (24). trian. Europa, ac, f. The continent of Equidem, conj. Indeed, truly, by Europe.

~~all means. Eurybiddes, is, m. A king of Sparta,~~

~~jEJquitqtus, us, m. Cavalry. (219).~~

~~: ex fiquus, i, m. Horse equo, from E-vado, ere, vast, vasum. To go ^ a on horseback. out to turn become horse, ; out, ; escape ;~~

~~Eretria, ae, f. Eretria, an impor- evade.~~

~~tant city on the island of Euboea, E-vcnio, ire, veni, ventum. To come~~

(16). forth, happen; evenit, ut, it Erga, prep, with ace. Towards. chanced, that. adv. Therefore as subs. abl. Ergo, ; E-verto, ere, verti, versum. To pull on account of, for, with gen. down, overthrow.

Ertyo, ere, erexi, erectum, (e, rego). Evuco, are, avi, atum, (e, voco). To To raise up, animate. call forth, summon. ra- Eripio, ere, eripui, ereptum, (e, Evolo, are, avi, atum,, (e, volo). To pio). To snatch or take away. fly or flee away, hasten away. Error, en's, m. Error, deception. Ex, prep, with abl. From. See e

~~Erudio, ire, ivi or ii, itum. To in- or ex.~~

struct, refine, discipline. Ex-adversum or ex-advcrsus, adv., Erudltus, *a, um, part, (erudio). and prep, with ace. Opposite, Learned, instructed in. against. E-rumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum. To Ex-ammo, are, avi, atum. To de- break rush forth. of life or kill. forth, prive spirit ;

~~Eruo, ere, erui, erutum, (e, ruo). To Ex-ardcsco, ere, arsi. To kindle, be root inflamed break as war. out, destroy. ; out,~~

~~f. bait. JEtsca, oe, Food, Ex-cedo, ere, ccssi, cessuin. To retire, et Et, conj. And; et, both and. withdraw. 161 LATIN EEADEE. [EXCELLO~~

~~cclsum. To ele- of 3d arise Ex-cello, ere, ccllui, partly conj. To ; be vate be eminent. derived from. 2. ; excel, 286,~~

Excchus, a, um, (excello). Lofty. Ex-orno, are, avi, aium. To adorn, n. ruin. Excidium, ii, Destruction, beautify, embellish, furnish, equip. ca- Excipio, ere, ~cepi, ceplum, (ex, Exosus, a, um. Hating, hated, pio). To take out, except. odious.

~~Ex,-cito, are, avi, alum. To excite, Expedio, ire, ivi or ii, Itum. To re- arouse, awaken, strengthen. lease, extricate; also to be expe-~~

~~Exclado, ere, clusi, clusum, (ex, clau- dient, or profitable. do). To exclude, shut out, cut off. Expeditio, onis, f. (expedio). Expe- Ex-coglto, are, avi, alum. To devise, dition.~~

think out. Ex-pello, ere, puli, pulsum. To ex- Excutio, ere, cussi, cussum, (ex, qua- pel, drive away, banish. or off. tio). To shake throw Ex-ptto, ere, ivi or ii, Mum. To n. Exemplum, i, Example. seek, request. ivi or itum. Ex-co, ire, ii, To go Ex-pleo, ere, evi, Hum. To fill, make

or forth. full fulfil. from ; alum. To unfold Exerceo, ere, cut, citum, (ex, arceo). Ex-pllco, are, avi, ; settle. To exercise, practise. adjust ; Exercitus, us, m. (exerceo). Army, Explorator, oris, m. Explorer, spy. train. Ex-pugno, are, avi, alum. To take,

~~Ex-Jiaurio, ire, hausi, haustum. To conquer, storm. exhaust, impoverish. Ex-scindo, ere, scldi, scissum. To~~

Ex-horresco, ere, horrui. To dread, destroy. to tremble at. Ex-sculpo, ere, sculpsi, sculptum. To erase. Exlgo, ere, egi, actum, (ex, ago). drive end c. Detestable. To out, expel ; finish, ; Exsecrabilis, demand. Exsequiae, arum, f. pi. Funeral. secutus sum. To Exiguus, a, um. Small. Ex-sequor, scqui, finish Eximius, a, um. Excellent, choice, prosecute, accomplish, ; per- remarkable. form. n. exile. Exlmo, ere, emi, emptum, (ex, emo). Exsilium, ii, Banishment, or from f. Ex- To take away ; exempt ; Exspcctatio, onis, (exspecto). rescue. pectation, high hope. alum. To Exist'nndtio, onis, f. (existimo). An Ex-spedo, arc, avi, awaitj

opinion, judgment, ;. supposition ; expect. stinclum. To reputation. -Ex-stinguo, ere, slinxi, aesti- -to, arc, avi, titum, (ex, extinguish, destroy. slrudum. To mo). To judge, think. Ex*slruo, ere, slruxi, construct. Exitium, ii, n. (cxeo). End, death, build, f. exile. destruction. Exsul, ulis, m. and An adv. Ex-orior, oriri, or!us sum, dep., Ex-tcmplO) Immediately. FIDELIS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 165

Ex-torqueo, Ire, torsi, torium. To Fastidio, ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To extort, obtain by force. loathe, despise, disdain. fatal. Ex-traho, ere, traxi, tractum. To Fatalis, e, (fatum). Fated, draw remove rescue. dtum. To extract, out, ; Fatlffo, are, dvi, oppress, trouble, weary, importune.

~~Fatum, i, n. Fate, destiny, oracle.~~

~~the name of abl. f. Fabius, it, m. Fabius, Fauce, ; plur. fauces, faucium. a distinguished Roman family. Throat, jaws.~~

Quintus Fabius Maxtmus, the Faustalus, i, m. Faustulus, the celebrated Roman general who shepherd who brought up Romu- so successfully weakened Hanni- lus and Remus, (153). bal in the first Punic war, (175). Faveo, ere, favi, fautum. To favor.

~~Fabricius, ii, m. Fabricius, a dis- Favor, oris, m. (faveo). Favor, tinguished leader of the Romans in kindness.~~

~~the war against Pyrrhus, (182). Felicitas, atis, f. (felix). Felicity,~~

~~Fabula, ae, f. Report, narrative, success. drama. fable, story, Feliclter, ius, issime, adv. (felix).~~

~~f. Fades, c-i, A face, appearance. Happily, prosperously.~~

~~Facile, ius, lime, adv. (facilis). Easily. Felix, is, f. Cat.~~

~~Facilis, e, (facio). Easy. Felix, ids. Happy.~~

~~n. act wick- f. Faclnus, bris, Deed, ; Femina, ac, Woman, female. edness, crime. Femur, oris, n. Thigh.~~

~~Facio, ere, fed, fadum. To do, act, Fera, ae, f. Wild beast.~~

~~make, compose. Ferax, ads. Fertile, fruitful, pro- Factio, onis, f. Faction, party. ductive.~~

~~Facultas, atis, f. Capacity, ability, Fere, adv. Almost.~~

~~resource, opportunity -,plur. riches, Ferine, adv. Almost.~~

~~property, resources. Ferio, ire. To strike, beat.~~

Fallo, ere, fefelli, falsum. To de- Fero, ferre, tuli, latum. To bear, foil. endure raise tell ceive, ; ; say, ; propose, Falsus, a, urn. False, spurious. as law. 292. Fama, ae, f. Fame, report. Ferox, ocis. Bold, warlike, savage. f. famine. Fames, is, Hunger, Fcrrum, i, n. Iron, sword. Familia, ae, f. Retinue of slaves, a Fcrtllis, e. Fertile, rich. um. cruel family. Ferus, a, Wild, rude, ;

~~Familiaritas, atis, f. Friendship, ferus and fcra (subs.), wild animal intimacy. or beast.~~

~~f. slave. Famula, ae, Female FesKUS, a, um. Wearied, exhausted.~~

~~Fannius, ii, m. Fannius, a Roman Festlno, are, dvi, Cdum. To hasten. um. Festal name, (43). Festus, a, ; fe&tum (subs.),~~

~~Fanum, i, n. Temple. a festival, feast. m. Fastis, is, A bundle, parcel. Fidelis, e, (fides). Faithful, trusty. 166 LATIN EEADEE.~~

~~f. fides, ei, Fidelity, allegiance ; Flos, oris, m. Blossom, flower. assurance n. river. protection, confidence, ; Flurnen, inis, Stream,~~

~~infidcm, under protection. Fluvius, ii, m. River. Fido, ere} fisus sum. To trust, Foederdtus, a, um. Confetfer&te, confide. allied.~~

~~Fiduda, ae, f. Trust, confidence. Foedus, efts, n. League, allianc^~~

~~Filia, ac, f., dat. and abl. pljilidbus. treaty.~~

Daughter. 42, 3, 4). Fons, ontis, m. Sprmg, fountain. Son. For Filius, ii, m. em, es, etc.=essem, es, etc., Might To be esse. Fingo, ere, finxi, fictum. form, ; fore=futurum See 297, feign, represent. III. 2.

~~Finio, Ire, wi, Hum, (finis). To Formo, are, dvi, titum. To form, finish, put an end to. fashion, adjust.~~

m. and f. end f. Chance abl. Finis, is, Limit, ; pi. Fors, fortis, ; forte territory. as adv., by chance, perchance. um. Finitimus, a, Neighboring ; Forsllan, (fors, sit, an). Perhaps. subs, a neighbor. Fortasse. Perhaps. Fio, fitri, facius sum, pass, offado. Forte. See fors. To be made e. ; become, happen. Fortis, Brave, valiant.

~~294. Forttter, ius, isstme, adv. (fortis). Firme, adv. Firmly, resolutely. Bravely.~~

~~Firmltas, dtis, f. (firmus). Firmness, Fortitudo, inis, f. (fortis). Forti- strength. tude, bravery.~~

~~Firmus, a, um. Strong, secure, firm. Fortuna, ae, f. Fortune.~~

~~Flagili'jsus, a, um. Infamous, aban- Forum, i, n. Market-place, forum. doned. Fossa, ae, f. Ditch, trench.~~

~~Flagitium, ii, n. Disgrace, shame, Frango, ere, fregi, fractum. To base deed. break.~~

~~Flagro, arc, dvi, atum. To burn, be Fraler, iris, m. Brother.~~

~~carried on with zeal. Fraus, dls, f. Fraud, deceit.~~

Flaminius, ii, m. Flaminius, a Ro- Frequenter, ius, iss'ime, adv. Fre- man consul, defeated by Hannibal quently, in great numbers. at the Lake Trasimenus, (190). Frelus, a, um. Trusting, relying Flamma, ae, f. Flame. upon.

~~Flccfo, ere, Jlexi, fcxum. To bend, Fructus, us, m. Fruit, produce.~~

turn. FrugaUtas, atis, f. Frugality, in- fldus, us, ni. Weeping, tears. tegrity. n. Florcns, entls, (floreo). Blooming, Frumcntum, i, Corn, grain. youthful, excellent. Florcns actas, Fruor, frul, frutius and fructus youth. sum, dep. To enjoy.

~~CO, ere, forui, (floreo). To Frustra, adv. In vain.~~

~~excel. f. bloom, flourish, prosper ; Fuga, ae, Flight. GRACCHUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 167~~

~~m. Son-in-law. Fugio, ere, fugi, Jugitum. To fly, Gener, eri,~~

~~flee, avoid, shun. Genero, are, avi, atum, (genus). To Fugo, are, avi, alum. To rout, put beget, create, produce.~~

to flight. Genitus, a, um, part, (gigno). Born, Fulgur, uris, n. Lightning, thun- produced. derbolt. Gens, gentis, f. Family, clan, tribe, Fulguratio, onis, f. Lightning. nation, race. Ubinam gentium, Fulmen, mis, n. Lightning, thun- where in the world ? derbolt. Genus, ens, n. Race, family, peo- kind. Fundamentum, i, n. Foundation. ple, Fundttus, adv. Utterly, entirely. Germania, ae, f. Germany, (39,

~~Fundo, ere, fudi, fusum. To pour V.). also to out, shed, rout; make, Germanus, i, m. (Germania). A cast. German, (30).~~

Funestus, a, urn, (funus). Deadly, Gero, ere, gessi, gestum. To bear, sad. destructive ; mournful, wear ; carry on, perform ; .wage, Fungor,fungi,functussum,dep. To as war. de- discharge, perform, pay. Gestio, Ire, wi or ii, Hum. To

~~Furcula, ae, f. Fork. Furculae sire, long for.~~

Caudlnae ; see Caudlnus. . Gigno, ere, genui, genitum. To fa- Furius, ii, m. Furius, a Roman bring forth, beget, produce. mily name, as Marcus Furius Ca- Glacialis, e. Icy, freezing. millus ; see Camillus. Gladiator, oris, m. Gladiator, a

~~Furor, oris, m. Fury, madness. fighter at the public games. n. Furtum, i, Theft. Gladiatorius, a, um, (gladiator).~~

~~Futurus, a, um, part. (sum). Future. Gladiatorial.~~

~~Gladius, ii, m. Sword. G. ere. rise. Glisco, To grow, spread ;~~

Galatia, ae, f. Galatia, a country Gloria, ae, f. Glory. of Asia Minor, (206). Glorior, art, dtus sum, dep. To Gallia, ae, f. The ancient country boast, exult, glory. a Ro- of Gaul, (209). Gracchus, i, m. Gracchus,

Gallicus, a, um, (Gallia). Gallic. man name. Sempronius Grac- Galtina, ae, f. Hen. cJms, the Roman general defeat- at the Gallus, i, m. A cock. ed by Hannibal Trcbia, m. Gallus, i, m. (Gallia). A Gaul, a (190). Gracchi, drum, pi.

~~native of Gaul, (39, III.). The Gracchi, members of the~~

~~Gaudeo, ere, gavlsus sum. To re- Gracchus family, but especially joice, take pleasure in. 272, 3. the two brothers, Tiberius Come* Corne- Gaudium, ii, n. Joy, pleasure. lius Gracchus and Caius~~

~~Geminus, a, um. Twin, double. lius Gracchus, famous in the poli- Gemma, ae, f. Gem. tical history of Rome, (131). 168 LATIN KEADER. [GRADU3~~

G-radus, ws, m. Step, position, stair. Habito, are, avi, atum, (habeo). To In Graece, adv. (Graecus). the inhabit, live in, dwell in. 332, Greek language, in Greek. I. 2. Graecia, ae, f. Greece, (210). Habitus, us, m. (habeo). Habit, Graecus or Grains, a, um, (Grae- dress, attire. Graecus cia). Grecian. Subs. Hamilear, aris, m. Hamilcar, the father of or Grains, i, m. A Greek, (30, Hannibal, (186).

~~8). Hamus, i, m. Fish-hook, hook.~~

Grammatica, ae, f. Grammar. Hannibal, alis, m. Hannibal, the Grammaticus, a, um. Of or be- celebrated Carthaginian general hi longing to grammar, grammatical. the second Punic war, (189). Grandis, e. Large, great. Hanno, onis, m. Hanno, a Cartha-

~~Grando, inis, f. HaiL ginian general in the second Punic Gratia, ae, f. Favor, gratitude; war, (195).~~

~~pi. thanks; gratia, abl. for the Hasdrubal, alis, m. Hasdrubal, sake of. son of Hamilcar and brother of~~

~~Gratiis or gratis, adv. For nothing, Hannibal, (192). Another of the without pay. same name was the brother-in-law~~

~~Gratulatio, onis, f. Gratulation, of Hannibal, and the founder of congratulation. New Carthage, in Spain.~~

~~Grains, a, um. Pleasing, accept- Hasta, ae, f. Spear. able n. ; grateful. Hostile, is, Spear. to Gravis, e, Heavy, severe. Hastllis, e, (hasta). Belonging a~~

~~f. Gravitas, atis, (gravis). Weight ; spear. dignity, gravity. Haud, adv. Not.~~

~~Graviter, ius, isstme, adv. (gravis). Haurio, Ire, hausi, haustum. To Heavily, severely. drink, draw out, exhaust.~~

~~Gravo, are, avi, atum, (gravis). To Hector, oris, m. Hector, son of burden, load. Priam and Hecuba, the bravest Grus, gruis, m. and f. Crane. of the Trojans, (146).~~

~~Guberndtor, oris, m. Pilot, ruler, Hedera, ae, f. Ivy.~~

~~governor. Hellespontus, i, m. Hellespont, the~~

~~Guberno, are, avi, atum. To steer, straits of the Dardanelles. pilot; direct, manage. Helvetii, drum, m. The Helvetians,~~

~~Gylippus, i, m. Gylippus, a Spar- a people of Gaul, (42).~~

tan commander in the Sicilian Hercules, is, m. Hercules, a cele- expedition, (223). brated Grecian hero, deified after death. H. Hercs, cdis, m. and f. Heir, heir- re- ess. Udbco, ere, ui, itum. To have ; m. the gard ; keep. Sermoncm habcrc, Hercnnius, ii, Herennius, to hold a conversation. father of Pontius Thelesinus, who Ico] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 169

~~conquered the Romans at the Can- Honor or honos, oris, m. Honor, dine Forks, (lfo)r rank, dignity. a cele- lerodotus, i, m. Herodotus, Honorifice, centius, ceidisstme, adv.~~

~~brated Grecian historian, (20). (honorificus). Honorably. 305.~~

~~Heros, ois, m. Hero. IlonOro, are, avi, dtum, (honor). To~~

Heu ! interj. Oh ! Ah ! Alas ! honor, reverence. Hiberna, drum, n. (hibernus). Win- Nora, ae, f. Hour. ter-quarters. Horreo, ere, horrui. To shudder, shudder dread. Hie, hacc, hoc. This, he, she, it. at, See Curiat'd Hie, adv. Here, in this place. Horatii, drum, m pi. ; " on Horatiorum et Cu- Hiems, emis, f. Storm, winter. also note Hiero, onis, m. Hiero, king of Sy- riatiorum, (160). and racuse at the time of the first Pu- Horatius, ii, m. See Codes

nic war, (185). Puhillus. n. m. a Hierosolyma, ae, f. or orum, pi. Hortensius, ii, Hortensius, Hortcn- Jerusalem, the capital of Judea, Roman name. Quintus sius a celebrated orator (206). Hortalus, this ac- in the time of Hinc, adv. (hie). Hence, on Cicero, (84, 91). atus To count, on this side; hinc lime, llortor, ari, sum, dep. on the one side on the other exhort, incite.

~~side. Jlospita, ae, f. Guest.~~

f. Victim. Hippias, ac, m. Hippias, son of Hostia, ae, Hostile. Pisistratus, tyrant of Athens, Hostllis, e, (hostis). m. a Roman (97). Hostilius, ii, Hostilius, Tullus the third Hispania, ae, f. Spain, (97). name. Hostilius, um. subs. of Caius Hispanus, a, Spanish ; king Rome, (160). Hostilius a Roman Hispanus, i, m. A Spaniard, Mancmus, (194). consul, (201).

Historia, ae, f. History. Hostis, is, m. and f. Enemy. Hodie, adv. To-day. Humanus, a, um, (homo). Human. e. low. Hoedus, i, m. A kid, young goat. Humilis, Humble, small, alum. To Homerus, i, m. Homer, the cele- Humo, are, avi, bury.

~~brated Greek epic poet, (134). Hypanis, is, ra. Hypanis, a rivor~~

~~Homo, inis, m. and f. Human being, of Sarmatia, (85). man.~~

Jloncstas, dtis, f. (honestus). Honor, I. honesty. m. a river of JJoneste, ius, istiime, adv. (honestus). Ibzrus, i, Iberus, Honorably, nobly, honestly. Spain, now the Ebro, (25). in that JToneslus, a, um, (honor). Full of Ibi, adv. There, place. honor, honorable, creditable, wor- Ico, ere, id, ictum. To strike; thy, virtuous. make, ratify. 8 170 LATIN KEADER. [I I) KM

idem. The Idem, eadem, same ; to). To send or let hi let ; go ; sometimes best rendered by also. bring forward. um. fit. Idoncus, a, Suitable, Immortalis, e, (in, mortalis). Im- Jgltur, conj. Therefore, accord- mortal. ingly. Immortalitas, aiis, f. (immortalis.)

~~Ignavus, a, um. Slothful, indo- Immortality. lent. Immunitas, dtis, f. Immunity, ex-~~

~~Ignis, is, m. Fire. emption. Imo or adv. Yes lynoro, are, avi, alum. To be ig- immo, indeed, in- all norant of, not know. deed, by means.~~

~~Ignosco, ere, ignovi, ignolum. To Impatiens, entis, (in, patiens). Im- excuse, forgive, overlook. patient.~~

~~Ilienses, ium, m. Inhabitants of Impatienter, ius, issime, adv. (irn pa- Ilium, Trojans, (146). tiens). Impatiently. n. n. Im- Ilium, ii, Ilium, or Troy, some- Impedimentum, i, (impedio).~~

~~times applied to the city, and pediment, obstacle; pi. bag- sometimes to the district, (236). gage.~~

~~ltd. it. Ivi or Itum. To llle, a, That ; he, she, Impedio, ire, it, llluslris, e. Illustrious, famous. impede, embarrass; hinder, prevent. Illuslro, iire, avi, alum, (illustris).~~

~~To enlighten, iiiumiue, illustrate, Impello, ere, puli, pulsum, (In, pel-~~

~~celebrate. lo). To impel, induce.~~

~~f. cost. Illyrlcus, a, um, or Illyrius, a, um. Impensa, ae, Expense, m. Illyrian, of or -pertaining to Illy- Imperator, oris, (impcro). Com-~~

ria, a country on the northeastern mander, emperor. coast of the Adriatic, (245). Subs. Imperltiis, a, um, (in, perltus). Un- an Illyrlcus or Illyrius, i, m., Illy- skilled, ignorant. n. rian. Imperium, ii, (inipCro). Com-

~~Imago, inis, f. Image, figure, pic- mand, power, rule, sway, reign. ture. Impcro, are, avi, alum. To com-~~

Imbecillus, a, um, or imbccillis, e. mand, rule, govern. Weak, feeble. Impetro, are, avi, alum. To ac- obtain. Imluo, efe, imbui, imbutum. To complish, imbue, impress. Impetus, us, m. Attack, fury. f. Want Imitatw, onis, f. Imitation. Impietas, dtis, (impius). Imitor, ari, alas sum, dep. To imi- of respect, irreverence, impiety. Undnti- tate, copy, portray, counterfeit. Impius, a, um, (in, pius). abandon- Immaturus, a, um, (in, maturus). ful, irreverent, impious, Young, immature. ed.

or, oris, (in, mcmor). Un- Impdno, ere, posui, posltum, (in, or in or to mindful, forgetful. pono). To place put ; mlsi mit- Immitto, Zrc, t missu/n, (in, enjoin ; impose. INFANS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 171

Improbo, arc, avi, atum, (in, probo). In-columis, e. Safe, uninjured. e. Incredible. To reject. In-credibilis,r adv. n. in- I.nprudenter, ius, issime, (im- Incrementum, i, Growth, crease. prudens, imprudent). Imprudently. Lnpnbcs, frit. Youthful, young. Incursio, onis, f. (incurro). Attack, inroad. Impugno, are, am, atum, (in, pugno). adv. that To assail, attack. Inde> Thence, from Impulsm, us, m. (impello). Instiga- place. tion. Indccore, adv. Disgracefully.

f. an In, prep, with ace. or abl. Into, to, India, ae, India, extensive ace. with of for, against, with ; in, on, country Asia, (242). abl In-dlco, ere, dixi, dictum. To de- void fool- Inanis, e. Empty, ; vain, clare, publish, appoint.

ish, useless. Indigco, ire, indigui. To need; as or subs. in. Incendium, ii, n. (incendo). Fire, part, indigens, adj. an conflagration.. digent, indigent person.^ Incendo, ere, cendi, censum. To set Indignatio, onis, f. (iudignor). Scorn,

~~on fire, inflame, excite. indignation.~~

In-ccrtus, a, um. Uncertain. Indignor, ari, atus sum, (indignus). ccssi. To at- To scorn be Incesso, ere, cesslyior disdain, ; indignant. tack. lu-dignus, a,iim. Unworthy, harsh, Inchoo, dre, am, atum. To' begin, indecent. commence. In-domitus, a, um. Unsubdued, in-

~~Incido, ere, cldl, casum, (in, cado). vincible. ' To fall into or upon, fall in with, atus, a, um. Undoubted, cer- happen. tain.~~

~~Incido, ere, cldl, clsum, (in, caedo). Induciae, or, indutiac, arum, T. pi. To cut, destroy. Truce.~~

~~Incipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, (in, capio). In-diico, ere, duxi, ductum. To in-~~

~~To begin, undertake. duce, lead into, overlay, adorn~~

~~i. n. Intitamentum, (inclto). Incen- with, gild.~~

~~tive, inducement. Indiiratus, a, um, (induro). Obdu- hardened. Incitatus, a, um, (incite). Running ; rate, at full equo incitato, speed. In-duro, are, avi, atum. To harden.~~

In-clto, arc, avi, atum. To incite, Industria, ae, f. Industry. on hasten, spur ; inspire. In-eo, Ire, ivi or ii, itum. To enter, atum. To into to obtain In-dino, are, avi, incline, go ; gratiam inlre, bend to to ruin. ; pass, sink, go the favor of, conciliate. 295.

m. and f. In- Incola, ae, (incolo). Inermis, e, (HI, arma). Unarmed. habitant. In/amis, e. Infamous, notorious* In-cblo, crc, colui, cultum. To dwell, Infans, antis, adj. Speechless, abide inhabit. subs, in, dumb ; an infant. 172 LATIN EEADE1Z. [I.VFELIX

r itis. unfortu- In-felix, Unhappy, Inimlcus, a, um, (in, amlcus). Hos- nate. tile subs, an ; enemy. urn. en- li'f'.r/s'i/s, a, Exasperated, Inlquus, a, um, (in, aequus). Un- raged. favorable, unjust. ius. Inferior. 3. n. Inferior, 163, Initium, ii, (ineo). Beginning; In-firo,ferre, tali, illatum. To carry pi. sacred mysteries.

~~against, wag9 against. 292, 2. Irtjicio, ere, jeci, jectum, (in, jacio).~~

~~InfestOj are, avi, atum, (infestus). To throw in; cause; inspire with.~~

~~To infest, trouble. Injuria, ae, f. Injury, wrong.~~

~~Infestus, a, um. Infested, trouble- Injuste, ius, issime, adv. (injustus). some, hostile. Unjustly.~~

~~In-fiiiitus, a, um. Great, infinite, In-justus, a, um. Unjust, oppress- boundless, of unlimited power. ive, severe. In-flammo, are, dvi, atum. To set In-nocens, entis. Innocent.~~

~~on fire, burn, inflame, arouse. In-notesco, ere, notui. To become~~

~~Informis, c, (in, forma). Shapeless, known.~~

deformed. In-noxius, a, um. Harmless, inno- ccn't. In-frendo, ere, , fressum, frcsum. ^^ 'To with c. gnash the teeth. In^tMiSM^tfDuis, Innumerable. unex- Infiinrto, ere, fregi, fractum, (in, Jn-opindtus, cC^uitL Sudden, frango). To infringe, break. pected.

~~f. defective. , etc, Fillet, head-dress, Inquam, To say. See badge of office. 297, II. 2.~~

In-ffcmo, ere, ui. To groan, la- Insania, ae, f. Insanity, folly. ment. Inscitia, ae, f. Ignorance. sccuius Inffenivm, ii, n. Character, genius, In-scquor, sequi, sum. To fol- intellect, power. low, pursue. ends. Ingcns, Great, mighty. Insidiae, arum, f, pi. Ambush, Inyratiis or ingratis, adv. Against treachery, plot.

3 Will. n. Insigne, is, Mark, sign ; pi. In-yratus, a, um. Disagreeable, badges of office, insignia. offensive, ungrateful. Insignis, e. Distinguished, noted. In-gredior, grecH, gressus sum, dep. In-simulo, are, dvi, atum. To blame,

~~(in, gradior). To enter, encoun- accuse, charge. ter. In-aisto, ere, stiti, sfitum. To per- liacsum. To sist entreat. In-haereo, ere, hacsi, ; urge ;~~

~~cleave or stick to, to stick fust, In-solens, entis. Unusual, insolent.~~

~~adhere. Insolenter, ius, issime, adv. (inso-~~

~~In^hio, are, avi, uium. To gape, lens). Insolently. stand for. atum. look open ; desire, long Tnfpecto, are, dvi, To~~

~~Inluiifiartita*, atis, f. (inhumamis). at, to look on.~~

~~Barbarity, incivility, inhumanity. Inspicio, ere, spexi, spectum, (in, spe- \~~

~~' IXUTILIS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 173~~

~~look cio). .To consider, inspect, Interficio, ere, fed, fectum, (inter,~~

~~on. facio). To kill, slay. Instauro, are, avi, dtum. To renew. Interim, adv. In the mean tune,~~

Instttuo, ere, stitui, stitutum, (in, sta- meanwhile. establish. tuo). To institute, Interimo, ere, emi, cmptum, (inter, n. Institutum, i, (instituo). Habit, emo). To deprive of, to kill. manner, custom, institution. Interior, ius. Interior, inland. 166. statum. In-sto, stare, sfiti, To stand Interitus, us, m. (intereo). Destruc- in a be near to to tion. or upon thing, ;

~~urge, insist, beg earnestly. Interjifio, ere, jeci, jcctum, (inter,~~

~~Instrumcntum, i, n. (instruo). Im- jacio). To place between; anno plements, movables, goods. interjcdo, at the expiration of a~~

~~In-struo, ere, struxi, stryctum. To year.~~

~~prepare, ) Internccio, dnis, f. Slaughter. inter equip. / Inter-nundus or nimtius, ii, m. Iandv Messenger.~~

~~\ Moreover. n. An In-supeb. l/^^ / Interregnum, i, interrcign, In-tactus, a, um. Unharmed. /~~

~~Integer, gra, grum. Whole, emirc/' In-terrnus, a, yurfC/^Fearless, undis- unhurt neutral: ; just, impartial, /mayed. /~~

~~^Jntegritas, atis, f. (integer). Inte- Infer-rojfO, are^ avi, atum. To ask,~~

grity, probity, honesty. /'question. Intelligentia, ae, f. (intelligo). Intel- tfnler-rumgo, cre,rypi, rvpfam. To ligence, discernment, understand- break down, int6rrupt: J Intcr-scro, ere^rjti]sertu)7i.Jfo al- r J ntelligo, ere, lexi, lectum. To un- lege, interpose.

~~derstand, perceive, know. Inter-sum, esse,fui. %o be present~~

~~Inter, prep, with ace. Between, at, take part in. among, in the midst of. Inter-venio, Ire, veni, ventum. To~~

~~Intercipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, (inter, intervene, occur. To catch um. civil. capio). ; intercept, take Intcstlnus, a, Intestine, from. Intra, adv., and prep, with ace.~~

~~Intcrcludo, ere, clusi, clusum, (inter, . Within. claudo). To prevent, cut off. Intro, are, avi, alum. To enter. itum. en- Inicr-dum, adv. Sometimes. Intro-co, Ire, Ivi or ii, To~~

~~Liter-ca.', adv. In the mean time. ter. 295.~~

~~Inter-eo, Ire, wi or ii, itum. To In-tueor, tucri, tultus sum. To look~~

~~perish. 295. at, observe. Inter-est, impers. It concerns, it is Intus, adv. Within.~~

~~important.- In-usitatus, a, um. Unusual, extra-~~

~~Interfedor, oris, m. (interficio). ordinary.~~

~~Murderer. In-uCilis, e. Useless. LATIN READER. [IXVADO~~

vasum. To in- ud. such sometimes ere, vasi, Istc, , That, ; vade, seize. used in contempt. hi. In-venio, ire, vcni, ventum. To find, r, tri, m. The river Danube. invent, devise, meet with. This name is applied to the lower Invenlrix, ids, f. (inventor). In- part of the river, the upper ventress. part taking the name Danubius, In-vlcem, adv. By turns, one an- (215). so to such an ez- other. lia, adv. Thus, ; in- In-vidus, a, um. Unconquered, tent. vincible. Italia, ae, f. Italy, (180). Italicus or um. Italian In-video, ere, vldi, vlsum. To envy. Jialus, a, ; an Invidia, ae, f. Envy, hatred. subs. Italus, i, m., Italian,

~~Invisus, a, um. Odious, hateful. (148).~~

~~Invito, are, avi, atum. To invite, Ita-que, adv. Therefore, and thus, allure. accordingly.~~

~~InvUus, a, um. Unwilling. Her, itlmris, n. Way, march, route,~~

~~Ionia, ae, f. Ionia, a country in the road. western part of Asia Minor, (224). adv. Again, a second time.~~

~~Jones, um, m. pi. The lonians.~~

~~Jphicrutes, is, m. Iphicrates, a cele-~~

~~brated Athenian general. He rose Jacco, ire, ui, itum. To lie.~~

~~from an humble station to the Jacio, ere, jcci, jactum. To throw, offices of hurl to erect. highest state, (49). ; also, lay, place,~~

~~Ipse, a, um. Self, himself, herself, Jaculum, i, n. (jacio). Dart, javelin. itself. Jam, adv. Now, already.~~

~~f. a hill Ira, ae, Anger. Jardc^-lum, i, n. Janiculum, Irascor, irasci, Iratus sum, dep. To on the west side of the Tiber, not be angry, be in a rage. or.e of the seven hills of Rome,~~

~~Irtitus, a, um, (irascor). Enraged, though included within the wall angry, angered. built by Aurelian in the third IrreparabMis, e. Irrecoverable. century, (148).~~

~~Irridco, ere, r'isi, rlsum, (in, rideo). Jocus, i, m., also in the \\\.joca,jo~~~

~~To ridicule, laugh at, laugh. corum. Joke, jest. 141.~~

~~Irr'ito, arc, avi, fitum. To provoke, Jubco, ere,jussi,jussum. To order,~~

~~irritate, incite. direct.~~

~~L-nuiipo, ere, rupi, ruplum, (in, Jucundus, a, um. Pleasing, plcasar.t, rumpo). To rush into, make an delightful.~~

incursion into. Judaea, ac, f. Judea, (206). id. such. um. Jewish subs. Ju- /s, ea,' He, she, it, that, Judaeus, a, ; a Isocriitcs, is, m. Isacrates, famous dacu$, i, m., a Jew, (200). at orator and teacher of rhetoric -(is, m. and f. (judico). Judge,

~~Athens, (45). arbiter. LASSITUDO] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 175~~

~~Judicium, ii, n. (judex). Judgment, Lacedaemon or Sparta, the capital decision, trial. of Laconia, (94).~~

~~Judico, arc, avi, alum. To judge. Laccdacmonius, a, um. Lacedaemo- n. Yoke. nian or subs. Lacedae- Jugum, i, Spartan ;~~

~~Julius, ii, m. See Caesar. monius, ii, m., a Lacedaemonian Jungo, ere, junxi, juncium. To join, or Spartan, (123). unite socictdtem to form wi or ex- ; jungere, Lacesso, ere, ii, Hum. To~~

~~a partnership. cite, assail, provoke.~~

~~Junior, ius, (juvenis). Younger. Laconia or Laconica, ae, f. Laco- 168, 3. nia, a country of the Peloponnesus,~~

~~Junius, ii, m. Junius, a Roman (222). name as consul ; Caius Junius, Laco or Lacon, onis, m. A Laconian.~~

and dictator, (20, 7). See Bruius. Lacrima or lacrynta, ac, f. Tear. \ Jupiter, Jovis, m. Jupiter, king of Lacrirno or lacrytno, are, avi, atum, /\ the gods. 66, 3. (lacrima). To weep, shed tears. \ Juro, are, avi, alum. To take oath, Lacus, us, m. Lake. 116, 4. swear. I Laelius, ii, m, Laelius, a Roman \J Jus, juris, n. Right, justice, autho- name. Caius Laelius, a celebrated control with or and sur- A rity, ; jure, by Roman consul augur, / \ right, justly, properly. named the Wise. He was the in- Justitia, ae, f. (Justus). Justice. timate friend of Scipio Africanus \ }Jusius, a, um, (jus). Just. the Younger, (65). nca, ae, f. Heifer, cow. Laetitia, ae, f. (laetus). Joy, glad-

~~Juvencus, i, m. A young bullock. ness.~~

~~e. subs, a Juvenis, Young ; youth. Ladus, a, um. Glad, joyous, pleased. 3. 1G8, Lacvmus, i, m. Laevinus, a Roman~~

f. Youth name. Publius Juvcntus, utis, (juvenis). ; Valerius Lacvmus, the period of youth. a Roman consul, (180). Marcus Juvo, are, juvi, jutum. To help, aid, Valerius Laevinus, also a Roman assist, support. consul and a distinguished commander, (193).

Laevus, a, um. Left, on the left L. An abbreviation of Lucius. hand. m. a Roman Labienus, i, Labienus, Lamachus, i, m. Lamachus, an name. Titus Labienus, the legate Athenian general in the Sicilian of Caesar in Gaul, (56, 14). expedition, (223). m. Labor, oris, Labor, work. Lamia, ae, m. Lamia, a Roman

Lab.6ro, are, avi, atum, (labr). T surname, (71). take toil labr, strive, pains ; ; Lanio, are, avi, atum. To tear in suffer. pieces. n. Milk. Lac, lactis, Lassitudo, mis, f. Fatigue, weari- Lacedaemon, nis, f. The city f ness. 176 LATIN KEADEK. [LATEBRA

Latfbra, ac, f. Retreat, hiding-place, Lego, ere, Icgi, lectum. To choose, elect pretence. ; read. adv. In Latin. Latlnc, (Latlnus). Lentulus, i, m. a surname j Lentulus, m. an ancient of a Latinus, i, Latinus, distinguished Roman family. king of the Laurentians in Italy, Publtus Cornelius Lentulus, a con-

~~(149). spirator with Catiline, (97, 15). a Latium, ii, n. Latium, country of Leo, Gnis, m. Lion.~~

Italy containing Rome, (167). Leomdas, ae, m. Leonidas, a Spar- Latin subs. tan fell at Latinus, a, um, adj. ; king who Thermopylae, au inhabitant of Latinus, i, m., (124). a Latin the Latium, ; pi. Latins, Lepidus, i, m. Lepidus, one of the (161). triumvirs with Octavianus and

~~Latro, Gnis, m. Robber. Antony, (83, 212). um. wide. Lesbos Latus, a, Broad, or Lesbus, i, f. Lesbos, a Latus, Kris, n. Side. celebrated island in the Aegean~~

~~Laudabllis, e, (laudo). Praiseworthy, Sea, (49, 12). laudable. Letalis, e, (letum). Deadly, mortal.~~

~~Laudo, are, avi, atum, (laus). To Letum, i, n. Death.~~

praise. Leuctra, orum, n. pi. Leuctra, a Laurcntia, ae, f. See Acca. small town in Boeotia, celebrated Laus, laudis, f. Praise. for the victory of Epaminondas Lavinia, ae, f. Lavinia, daughter of over the Lacedaemonians, (229). Latinus and wife of Aeneas, (149). Leudricus, a, um. Of or belonging n. a town to Leuctra Lavinium, it, Lavinium, ; Leuctrian, (230). in Latium, a few miles south of Levis, e. Light, easy.

~~Rome, founded by Aeneas, and Leviter, ius, isslme, adv. (levis). named by him after his wife Lavi- Lightly, slightly.~~

nia, (149). Lex, legis, f. Law, condition, terms. Laxo, arc, avi, atum. To relax, Liber, bri, m. Book. loosen. Liber, era, erum. Free. m. Children. Lectito, are, avi, atum, (lego). To Liber i, Grum, pi. read often, with eagerness, to read. Libero, are, avi, atum, (liber). To 332, I. 2. liberate, free.

~~Lectus, .a, um, (lego), Choice, ex- Libertas, atis, f. (liber). Liberty, cellent. freedom.~~

It is is Legaiio, dnis, f. Legation, embassy. ^Licet, impers. lawful, per- m. lieuten- mitted. Lcgrdus, i, Ambassador, ant, messenger. Licet, conj. Although, though. f a Lfjlo, onis, f. Legion, a body of Licinius, ii, m. Licinius, Roman soldiers. name. Publius Licinius, a Roman in the war Lego, are, avi, atum, (lex). To be- consul and commander queathe as a legacy. with Perseus, (198). Marcus Li- MAGKIPICE] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. ITT

~~cinius Crassus, proconsul in the Luo, ere, lui, lultum or lutum. To war of the atone for. gladiators, (204). pay ; .expiate,~~

~~Ligneus, a, um. Wooden, of wood. Lupa, ae, f. A she-wolf.~~

Ligures, um, m. pi. The Ligurians, Lupus, i, m. .A wolf. inhabitants of Liguria in the west- Lustratio, onis, f. (lustro). Expi- sacrifice review attended ern part of Italy, (190). atory ; a with sacrifices. Lilybaeum, i, n. Lilybaeum, promontory on the southwestern coast Lustro, are, am, atum. To purify,

~~of Sicily, (188). review. lawsuit. Lis, lilis, f. Strife, quarrel, Lusus, us, m. Play, game; jest,~~

~~f. letters fun. Liltcrae, arum, pi. Letter, ; sport,~~

~~literature. 132. Lutatius, ii, m. See Catttlus.~~

~~Litus, oris, n. Shore, sea-shore. Lux, lucis, f. Light, light of day.~~

Locuplcto, are, dvi, atum. To en- Luxnria, ae, f. Luxury, excess. the cele- rich, make rich. Lycurgus, i, m. Lycurgus, loci of -Locus, i, m., pi. or loca, n. Place. brated law-giver Sparta, (95). 141. Lydia, ae, f. Lydia, a co.untry in Longe, ius, isstme, adv. (longus). Asia Minor, (225). f Much, greatly, by far. Lydus, a, um. Lydian, pertaining dis- to subs, a Longinquus, a, um. Remote, Lydia ; Lydian, (33). tant, long. Lysander, dri, m. Lysander, a ce- Longitado, inis, f. (longus). Length. lebrated Spartan general, (225).- um. Longus, a, Long. M Loquor, loqui, locutus sum. To speak, converse. H. An abbreviation of Marcus.

~~Lorica, ac, f. Coat-of-mail. Macedonia, ae, f. Macedonia, Ma-~~

~~Lucius, ii, m. Lucius, a name com- cedon, a country north of Thes- mon the Romans Lu- among ; as, saly, (193). cius Tarquinius Priscus, (162). Maccdo, onis, m. A Macedonian,~~

~~Lucretius, ii, m. Lucretius, a Ro- (230).~~

man name. Spurius Lucretius, Macedoriicus, a, um, adj. Macedo- the colleague of Publicola in the nian, (197). consulship, (170). Magis, comp. adv. More. See the n. Lucrum, i, Gam, profit, advan- superlative, maxime.

~~tage. Magister, tri, m. Master, leader,~~

~~Lucus, i, m. Grove. teacher.~~

~~Ludus, i, m. Game, play, sport, Magistra, ae, f. Instructress, teacher. school. Magistratus, us, m. Magistracy, Lur/eo, ere, luxi. To grieve, mourn, magistrate.~~

~~weep for. fifagnifice, ccntius, centiss'ime, adv. n. A the Lumen, mis, light ; eye. (rnagnif icus). Magnificently, splen- Luna, ac, f. Moon, didly. 305. 8* 1Y8 LATIN READER. [MAGXIFICENTEE~~

~~adv. = Magn'Jlccnter, *'i/.s, isslmc, Manco, Ire, tnansi, mansum. To magnificc. remain.~~

~~Magniftcentia, ac, f. (magnificus). Manifesto, are, avi, alum. To show, Magnificence, costliness. manifest.~~

~~MagmftcuA, a, um ; comp. magniji- Manius, ii, m. Manius, a Roman name Manius Manlius. centior, superl. magnificcntissimus. ; as,~~

Splendid; stately; high-minded, Manlius, ii, m, Manlius, a Roman mngnificent. 164. name. Manius Manlius, a Roman Magnitude, mis, f. (magnus). Great- consul in the third Punic war, ness, size. (199). Titus Manliuz, a Roman Magnopcrc, adv. (magnus, opus). youth, surnamed Torquatus for Greatly* earnestly. his achievements in the Gallic

~~Magnus, a, um ; comp. major, su- war, (177).~~

~~maximus. f. A of perl. Great, large ; Mantinea, ac, city Arcadia, in comp. and superl. sometimes in the Peloponnesus, (142).~~

~~older, oldest, elder, eldest: ma- Manumitto, ere, mlsi, ntisKum, (ma- ancestors ma- To release from one's jtrcs, forefathers, ; nus, mitto). j'lrcs natu, elders. 1G5. power, emancipate, make free.~~

~~in. f. Hand force. Magus, i, Generally plur. Magi, Manus, us, ; Crum. A wise man, particularly Marathon, onis, m. Marathon, a among the Persians. town and plain in Attica, cele-~~

~~Mcrjcstas, Cdis, f. Majesty, dignity. brated for the victory of Miltiades Major. See magnus. over the Persians, (216). um. Marathonian Male, comp. pejus, superl. pcssmic, Marathonius, a, ;~~

adv. (inalus). Badly, with ill of or belonging to Marathon, (97). success. 305. Mardus, ii, m. Marcius, a Roman Malc-dlco, ere, dixi, dictum. To speak name. See Ancus, Censorlnus. evil of, revile, abuse, rail at. Marcellus, i, m. Roman gen'l, (193). a Maleficus, a, um,, (male, facio.) Marcus, i, m. Marcus, Roman Evil-doing, vicious, wicked, hurt- name, (186). ful. 164. Mardonius, ii, m. Mardonius, a Per- Malo, malic, malui, irregular. To sian general, defeated by Pausa- prefer. 293. nias in the battle of Plataea, (221). n. evil. n. Sea. Malum, i, Misfortune, Mare, is, .

~~Mains, a, urn; comp. pejor, supcvl. Marinus, a, um, (mare). Marine, pcsslmus. Bad, poor, wicked. of the sea, from or by the sea. 165. Marius, ii, m. Marius, a Roman~~

~~Manclnus, i, m. Mancinus, a Ro- name. Cains Marius, a distin- man consul in the war with the guished Roman general, the con- Numantians, (201). queror of Jugurtha, and leader in~~

~~Mando, arc, rn-i, dtnin. To bid, en- the civil war against Sulla. He join, intrust. was consul seven times, (202). MEUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 179~~

~~Mars, Martis, m. Mars, the god of Mendacium, ii, n. Untruth, false- sometimes for war it- lie. war ; put hood,~~

~~self, (152, 226). Menenius, ii, m. See Agrippa. Massa, ae, f. Mass, lump. Metis, mentis, f. Mind, reason.~~

~~Mater, iris, f. Mother. Mensis, is, m. Month.~~

~~Materia, ae, f., or materies, ei, f. Mentio, onis, f. Mention.~~

~~Material. Mentior, Iri, Itus sum, dep. To speak~~

Matricidium, il, n. Matricide. falsely, lie, cheat, deceive. n. Matrimonium, ii, Marriage. Merces, tdis, (mereo). Reward, Matrona,ae,f. Matron. price, wages. Maxime, adv. Especially, in the Mercor, ari, atus sum, dcp. To highest degree. See magis. trade, buy, purchase.

Maximus, a, um ; superlative of Mercurius, ii, m. Mercury, the son magnus. Greatest. of Jupiter and Maia, the god of a and Maximus, i, m. Maximus, Roman eloquence, the messenger of surname; as, Quintus Fabius Max- the gods, (19). wius, the famous dictator in the Merco, Ire, ui, iluni. To deserve, second Punic war, (175). merit. itus Med^icus, i, m. Physician. Mereor, tri, sum, dcp. To de-

~~Medius, a, um. Middle, midst of, serve, earn, merit.~~

middle of. 441, 6. Mcrgo, ere, mersi, mersum. To in. a sink Mediut, ii, Medius, Thessalian, merge, ; destroy. friend of Alexander the Great, Merlto, adv. (meritum). With (243). good reason, with reason, deserv- Medm, a,um. Median, Assyrian,(53). edly.

~~Mehcrcule, adv. By Hercules, truly, Meritum, i, n. Reward, merit~~

indeed. Merum, i, n. Wine, pure wine.* Mel, mellis, n. Honey. Mesopotamia, ae, f. Mesopotamia, a Melior, ius. Better. See bonus. country of Asia, between the Eu- n. Mcmbrum, i, Member, limb. phrates and Tigris, (24, 10).

~~Memini, isti, defect. To remember. Metallum, i, n. Metal, mine,~~

297. Metellus, i, m. Metellus, a Roman oris. Metellus Memor, Mindful, endowed name ; as, Plus, (138). with memory, remembering read- Metior, iri, mensus sum, dep. To ily, remembering. measure, estimate.

~~Memorabilis, e. Memorable. Mctlus, ii, m. See Suffetius.~~

~~Memoria, ae, f. Memory, recol- Mclo, ere, messui, messum. To reap, lection. mow.~~

~~Memphis, is, f. Memphis, a city of Metuo, ere, ui. To fear. Egypt, (239). Metus, us, m. Fear, dread. Menander, dri, m. Menander, a Meus, a, um, voc. sing. masc. mL~~

~~Roman name, (67). My, mine. 185. 180 LATIN BEADEE. [MiGRO~~

~~Migro, crc, dvi, dtwn. To migrate, Miseria, ae, f. (miser). Misery, remove. affliction.~~

~~Miles, ttis, m. Soldier. Misericordia, ae, f. Compassion.~~

Militaris, e, (miles). Military. Mithriddtes, is, m. Mithridates, a Militia, ae, f. (miles). Warfare, mi- celebrated king of Pontus, (202). affairs. Mithridatic litary service, military Mithridaticus, a, um. ; Millto, are, dvi, dtum, (miles). To of or belonging to Mithridates, serve as a soldier, to serve. (202).

~~subs, and Thousand e. Millc, adj. ; Mitts, Mild, gentle, placid.~~

~~millia, subs., a thousand, a thou- Mitto, 8re, misi, missum. To send. sand men. Moderate, ius, issime, adv. (modera-~~

~~Milliariuin, ii, n. Milestone, tus). With moderation. mile. Moderatio, onis, f. Moderation, self-~~

~~Mit'tiCtdcs, is, m. Mildades, a cele- control.~~

~~brated Athenian general, con- Moderdtus, a, um. Discreet, mod- queror at Marathon, (39, IV.) erate.~~

f. of Minerva, ae, Goddess wisdom, Modius (or um, n.), ii, m. Me (22). a little more than a peck. Minime, adv. Least. See parum. Modo, adv. Now, only, but, pro vided that modo Minimu?, a, um, (parvus). Smallest, ; modo, some- least. tim es s ometimes. dins Minitor, dri, sum, dep. To Modus, i, m. Manner, measure, threaten, menace. limits.

~~Minor, oris. See Armenia. Mocnia, ium, . pi. Walls of a city,~~

~~Minor, us, (parvus). Smaller, less. city.~~

~~Mi>mo, ere, ui, ulum. To lessen, Moles, is, f. Mole, dam.~~

~~diminish. Molestus, a, um. Unwelcome, irk- Minus, adv. Less. Sec parum. some, oppressive, troublesome,~~

~~Miraldis, e, (miror). Wonderful. painful.~~

~~Mir/ficus, a, um, (mirus, facio). Molitio, onis, f. Undertaking, pre- Causing wonder, wonderful, mar- paration.~~

~~vellous. Mollio, Ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To Miror, dri, dlus sum, dep. To won- soften. admire. n. influ- der, Momentum, i, Weight,~~

~~Mirus, a, um. Wonderful, sur- ence.~~

prising. Moneo, ere, ui, itum. To advise, Miner, era, trum. Unfortunate, un- warn, admonish. happy, worthless, miserable, sad. Momtus, us, m. (moneo). Advice. ifu/n. To m. Miscrco, ere, ui, pity ; of- Mons, month, Mountain, mount. ten impersonal ; miscret me, I pity. Motistro, arc, dvi, dium. To show.

~~Misereor, tri, mherlus or miseritus Mora, ae, f. Delay.~~

~~&wn, dep. To pity. Morbus, i, m. Disease. NATU] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 181~~

~~Iri or mortuus Ivi or iturn. To for- Morior, i, sum, dep. Munio, ire, ii,~~

~~To die. 282. tify, defend.~~

~~Moror, dri, atus sum, dep. (mora). Munitio, onis, f. Fortification, To delay, tarry. rampart.~~

~~Mors, mortis, f. Death. Munitus, . a, um, part, (munio).~~

~~Morsus, us, m. Bite. Fortified.~~

~~e. subs. n. Mortalis, Mortal, deadly ; Munus, cm, Reward, present; mortal, man. service, ofiice.~~

~~Morfifer, era, crum, (mors and fero). Munychia, ae, f. The Athenian Deadly, mortal. harbor Munychia and the' hill~~

~~Mos, moris, m. Custom, manner; which rises above it, (228). Wall. pi. character, morals. Murus, i, m. m. Mouse. Motus, us, m. Motion ; commotion, Mus, muris, revolt. Mutatio, onis, f. (muto). Change.~~

~~Moveo, Ire, movi, motum. To move, Muto, are, avi, atum. .To change, excite. alter.~~

~~Mox, adv. Presently, soon. Mu'uus, a, um. Mutual.~~

~~f. a Mucius, ii, m. Mucius, a Roman Mycalc, cs, Mycale, high pro- name. Mucius Scaevola, a Roman montory or mountain of Ionia, in youth who attempted to assassi- Asia Minor, (221).~~

~~nate Porsena, (172). Myndii, orum, m. pi. Myndians, in- Mucro, onis, m. Point of sword, habitants of Myndus, (135).~~

~~sword. Myndus or os, i, f. Myndus, a city to MvKsbris, e, (mulier). Belonging of Caria, in Asia Minor, now Men- women, womanly, woman's. des, (135).~~

~~Mulier, cris, f. Woman. N Multitudo, mis, f. (multus). Mul-~~

titude. Nam, corsj. For. Mulio, are, avi, atum. To punish, Nam-quc, conj. For, but. of of naclus deprive by way punishment ; Nanciscor, nandsci, sum, dep. to fine. To obtain, take advantage of. adv. Jlful'o, (multus). By far, much. Narro, are, avi, atum. To relate, Mulius, a, urn ; comp. plus, n., su- narrate. perl. plurimus. Much, many. Nascor, nasci, natus sum, dep. To 165. be born, be produced, to arise. m. universe. Hundus, i, World, Natalis, e, (nascor). Of or belong- Munia, ium, n. pi. Duties, func- ing to one's birth, natal; natalis tions of office. dies, birth-day. Munificentia, ae, f. Munificence, be- JVafio, onis, f. Nation, people. neficence. Natu, defective, abl. sing, (nascor). n. Munimentum, i, Fortification, By birth, in age : maximus natu, defence, covering. eldest, 134. 182 LATIN HEADER. [NATURA

Natiira, ae, f. Nature, creation. Neque. See Nee. or Natus, a, urn, part, (nascor). Born, Nequeot Ire, wi, ii, itum, irreg. having been born. like eo. To be unable, not to be Naturdlis, e, (natura). Natural. able. 296. n. Naufragium, ii, (navis, frango). Nequidem. See Ne. Shipwreck. Nequis or ne quis, qua, quod, oi Nautius, ii, m. Nautius, a Roman quid. That no one. name Caius the con- ; as, Nautius, Ncrvii, drum, m. Nervians, a people

~~sul, (19, 11). of Belgic Gaul, (28). Naval. Ivi Navdlis, e, (navis). Nescio, ire, or ii, Hum, (ne, Navigatio, onis, f. Navigation, sail- scio). To be ignorant, not to ing. know.~~

~~Navlgo, are, am, atum. To sail, Nescius, a, wn, (nescio). Ignorant, sail upon, navigate. unknown.~~

~~Navis, is, f. Ship. Nicias, ae, m. Nicias, an Athenian Ne, adv., and conj. used with im- statesman and general, (223).~~

perative and subj. Not, that not, Nicomedes, is, m. Nicomedes, king lest; aft** verbs offearing^ftuJX; of Bithynia, (43). lest; nequidem, or nequidem,. Niger, gra, grum. Dark, black, not even. dusky. Ne, interrog. particle. 346, II. 1. Nigrans, antis. Black, dusky. Nee or adv. and Nei- n. indec. adv. neque, conj. Nihil, Nothing ; not, ther, nor; and not, not; nee in nothing. 128. n. nee, neque neque, neither nor. Nihilum, i, Nothing. in Necessarius, a, wn. Necessary. Nilus, i, m. The river Nile

~~Necesse, adj. neut. used chiefly in this Egypt, (211). form. Necessary, inevitable. Nimis, adv. Exceedingly, too much.~~

~~Neco, are, am, atum. To slay, kill. Nimius, a, um. Excessive, too~~

~~Ncffliyens, enth, (negllgo). Negli- much, too great. gent, neglectful. Nisi, conj. Unless, if not, except. To NcgtigOy ere, lexi, lectum. To neg Niteo, nitere, nitui, (nix). shine,~~

~~lect, disregard. glitter, glisten.~~

~~Ncgo, are, dvi, alum. To deny, re- Nitor, niti, nisus or nixus sum, dep. to or fuse. To strive, attempt ; depend~~

~~Neyotium, ii, n. Business, diffi- rely upon.~~

~~enter- f. Snow. culty ; undertaking, work, Nix, nivis, prise. Nobilis, c. Noble, famous.~~

~~Nemo, (mis, gen. not in good use). Nobililas, atis, f. (nobilis). Fame, No one, nobody. nobleness; nobility, nobles.~~

~~Ncpos, Otis, m. Grandson. Nobillto, are, dvi, dtum, (nobilis). the render famous to ennoble is, i, m. Neptune, god To ; ; of the sea, (155), improve. LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 183~~

ui tlum. To used both in direct and in indirect Noceo, ere, t hurt, harm, See 346, II. 1. injure. questions. m. Numa.-ZVwma Pom- Noctu, abl. By night. Numa, ae, oc- the second of Nocturnus, a, um. Nocturnal, pilius, king Rome, curring at night. (159). To be un- ae, f. Numantia, a city Nolo, nolle, nolui, irreg. Numantia, of Spain, (201). willing. 293. m. Numan- Nomen,inis, n. Name. Numantlni, drum, pi. the inhabitants of Numan- Nomino, are, avi, atum, (nomen). tians, To name, call. tia, (201). adv. Not Numen, inis, n. A god, deity. Non, ; nonriisi, only. Numero, are, avi, atum, (numerus). Nonagesimus, a, um. Ninetieth. To reckon, number. Nonaginta, indec. Ninety. count, m. Number, quan- Non-dum, adv. Not yet. Numerus, i, Nonne, interrog. particle. Whether, tity. II. m. A Numidian, in- expecting answer yes. 346, Nuritda, ae, 1. habitant of Numidia in Africa, like Nonnullus, a, um, (declined (48). nullus). Some. Numltor, oris, m. Numitor, a king Nonus, a, um. Ninth. of Alba, grandfather of Romulus Nosco, ere, novi, notum. To know, and Remus, (154). learn. a understand, Nummus, i, m. Money, piece of Noster, tra, trum. pron. Our. money, a coin. Notitia, ae, f. (notus). Celebrity, Nunc. Now.

note; acquaintance, knowledge. Nuncupo, are, avi, atum. To call, Notus, a, um. part, (nosco). Known. name. Novem, indecl. Nine. Nunquam. Never. Noverca, ae, f. Step-mother. Nuntio (or do), are, avi, atum, (nun-

Novo, are, am, atum, (novus). To tius). To announce, relate. revolutionize. renew, change; Nuntius, ii, m. Message, news, mes- Novus, a, um. Nw; novae res, senger. revolution. Nuptiae, arum, f. pi. Marriage, Nox, noctis, f. Night. nuptials.

~~Nubes, is, f. Cloud. Nutrio, ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To Nubo, ere, nupsi, nuptum. To veil nourish, support.~~

~~one's self, to marry, applied to the Nutrix, icis, f. Nurse. bride as she was covered with a Nympha, ae, f. Nymph, spouse. veil. Nysa, ae, f. Nysa, a city in India,~~

~~Nudus, a, um. Naked, uncovered, (242). destitute of.~~

~~Nullus, a, um. No one, no. 149. Num, interrog. particle. Whether, 184: LATIN HEADER. [0~~

~~Obtempcratio, onis, f. Submission, obedience. 0. Ob-lcro, ere, trlvi, trltum. To crush,~~

~~0, interj. ! wear down. ace. Ob, prep, with On account of, Obtinco, ere, tinui, tentum, (ob, for. teueo). To obtain, hold, prevail.~~

Ob-duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To draw Obtingo, ere, figi, iactum, (ob, tan- over, overspread, cover. go). To befall, happen to. ivi or Obedio, Ire, ii, itum. To obey, Ob-trunco, are, avi, atum. To slaugh- serve be to. ter. ; subject ivi or itum. To meet Ob-eo, ire, ii, ; Occaeco, are, dvi, atum, (ob, caeco). die. 295. To darken, obscure, blind, dazzle.

~~Objecto, are, avi, dtuni, (objicio). Occasio, onis, f. Opportunity, oc- To expose, set forth; endanger. casion. 332, I. 2. Occasus, us, m. The setting of the~~

~~Objicio, ere, jcci, jectum, (ob, jacio). heavenly bodies; setting, even-~~

To expose, offer, present. ing; the west. Oblcdo, are, dvi, alum. To delight, Oc-ftdo, ere, cldi, casum, (ob, cado). divert, please. To fall down, fall; to set; to Ob-llgo, are, avi, atum. To bind, perish, die, be ruined. oblige, put under obligation. Occldo, ere, cldi, clsum, (ob, caedo). To Oblitus, a, um, part, (obliviscor). kill, slay. Having forgotten, forgetful. Occulte, ius, issime, adv. (occultus). In Oblivio, onis, f. (obliviscor). For- secret, secretly. getfulness, oblivion. Occultus, a, um. Secret, hidden;

~~Obliviscor, oblivisci, oblltus sum, dep. reserved, dissembling.~~

~~To forget. Occupo, are, avi, alum. To occupy,~~

~~Ob-ruo, ere, rid, rutum. To destroy, take possession of.~~

~~overwhelm. Occurro, ere, curri (cucurri), cur- um. hidden To at- Obscurus, a, Obscure, ; sum,, (ob, curro). meet, mean. tack. 254, 5.~~

~~Obsecro, are, avi, atum, (ob, sacro). Oceanus, i, m. Ocean.~~

~~To beseech, implore. Octavianus, i, m. (Caesar). Octa-~~

~~Obscs, idis, m. and f. Hostage. vianus, the first Roman emperor,~~

~~Obsidco, ere, scdi, sessum, (ob, se- usually called Augustus after his deo). To besiege, invest. victory at Actium, (213).~~

~~Obsidio, onis, f. (obsideo). Siege, Octavus, a, um, (octo). Eighth. blockade. Octingcnti, ac, a. Eight hundred. Ob-sum, obesse, obfui. To be hurt- Octo, indecl. Eight.~~

~~ful, be injurious, to injure. Octocjesimus, a, um. The eightieth.~~

~~Ob-sto, stare, sttti, stalum. To op- Octoginta, indcc. (octo). Eighty.~~

~~pose, prevent. Ociilus, i, m. Eye. ORESTES] LATIN-ENGLISH 'VOCABULARY. 185~~

~~Odi, odissc, defect. To hate; dis- Oppidanus, a, um, (oppidum). In- like. 297. habitant of a town, citizen. n. n. Odium, ii, Hatred, enmity Oppidum, i, Town, city.~~

~~a cele- f. Oenomaus, i, m. Oenomaus, Opportunitas, atis, (opportunus). brated gladiator, (204). Opportunity, fitness.~~

~~Offendo, ere, fendi, fensum. To Opportunus, a, um. Suitable, fit.~~

offend, injure. Opprimo, ere, pressi, pressum, (ob, Ojfensus, a, urn, (offendo). Offend- premo). To put down, defeat, hostile. overcome ed, ; suppress ; oppress. Offero, ferre, obtuli, obldtum, (ob, Oppugno, are, avi, atum, (ob, pug- To show se take fero). offer, ; offerre, no). ^ attack, storm, by to present one's self, to offer storm one's sometimes as an self, antago- ( Ops), opis, f., nom. sing, not used. to one's self. nist, oppose ; expose Power, resources, wealth, force,

Officium, ii, n. Office, duty, kind- aid. kind office. ness, Optabilis, e, (opto). Wished for, Olim, adv. Formerly. desirable. Olympiacus, Olympicus or Olym- Optlmus, a, um, superl. (bonus). pius, a, um. Olympic, (134). Best, most excellent.

~~Olynthus, i, f. Olynthus, a city of Optio, onis, f. Choice, option. Thrace. Opto, are, avi, atum. To wish, de-~~

~~Olynthii, drum, m. pi. The Olyn- sire; ask.~~

~~thians, (231). Opulens, entis, or opulentus, a, um, Omen, Inis, n. Omen, adj. Wealthy, rich.~~

~~Omitto, ere, misi, missum, (ob, mit- Opus, cris, n. Work.~~

~~to). To let go, omit, neglect, dis- Opus, nom. and accus. Need, ne- regard. cessary thing, necessary. Omnis, e. All, every, whole. Ora, ae, f. The shore, coast.~~

~~f. of n. ora- Oneraria, ae, (onus). Ship Oraculum, ?', Response, burden. cle.~~

~~Onero, are, avi, atum, (onus). To Oratio, onis, f. (oro). Oration, burden, load, oppress. speech, language.~~

~~Onustus, a, um, (onus). Laden, full Orator, 6ns, m. (oro). Orator, mes- of. senger.~~

~~Opera, ae, f. Pains, work, labor; Orbis, is, m. Circle, world; orbis care, attention; means. terrdrum,, the world.~~

~~Oplmus, a, um. Rich, fertile. Ordino, are, avi, atum, (ordo). To Oportet, impers. It behooves, one arrange, establish.~~

~~ought. 299. Ordo, inis, m. Row, rank, order; Opperior, opperlri, oppertus or op- bank as of oars ; extra onlinem,~~

~~perltus sum, dep. To wait for, out of the common course.~~

~~await. Orestes, is, and ae, m. Orestes, son 186 LATIN HEADER.~~

of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, Palam, adv. Openly. n. (43). Palatium, ii, Palace. the n. Oricns, entis, (orior). Rising ; Pallium, ii, Cloak, coat, gar- morning, the east, the countries ment. of the east, the Orient, (213). Pango, ere, pcpigi, paclum. To con-

~~Oriffo, inis, f. Origin, source. tract, ratify.~~

~~Orior, orlri, ortus sum, dep. partly Papirius, ii, n. See Cursor.~~

of od conj. To rise, appear, Par, paris, adj. Equal, a match for, dawn. 286, 2. competent for. n. or- Ornamentum, i, Equipage, Pardtus, a, urn, (paro). Prepared, nament, jewel. | ready. Orno, are, dvi, alum. ^To adorn, Parco, ere, peperci or parsi, par- equip. sum. To spare.

Oro, arc, dvi, dtum. To beg, ask, Parens, entis, m. and f. Parent. speak. Parento, are, dvi, alum, (parens). m. To sacrifice in honor of Ortus, us, (orior). A rising ; parents the east birth or friends. place of rising, ; ; ui \turn. beginning. Parco, ere, t To obey, be

~~Os, ossis, n. Bone. subject to.~~

~~Osculor, dri, dtus sum. To kiss. Pario, &re, peperi, partum. To~~

~~Ostendo, ere, di, sum or turn. To bear, bring forth, produce, lay, show. accomplish, procure. n. Ostentum, i, (ostendo). Pro- Paro, are, avi, alum. To prepare, digy. equip.~~

~~f. a town in La- f. Ostia, ae, Ostia, Pars, partis, Part, portion ; party.~~

tium at the mouth of the Tiber, Parsimonia, ae, f. Frugality, par- (161). simony. n. door. Ostium, ii, Mouth, Particeps, participis, (pars, -capio). n. Otium, ii, Leisure, rest, ease, Sharing, partaking, participant. idleness. Partim. in Partly, part ; partim

~~Ovis, is, f. Sheep. partim, some others, either n. Ovum, i, Egg. or.~~

~~Partior, Iri, llus sum, dep. To di- P. vide, share. P. An abbreviation of Publius. Parum, comp. minus, superl. mi-~~

~~Paco, arc, dvi, alum (pax). To sub- riime, adv. Too little, little, not due. enough. 305. su- Pact/tm, i, n. Bargain, contract; ! Parvus, a, um, comp. minor,~~

~~all. pacto, way, manner. perl. minimus. Small, little, un- in Padus, i, m. The river Po Italy, important,~~

~~(55). Pasco, ere, pdvi, paslum. To feed, Pacnc, adv. Almost. graze. PEHDUCO] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 187~~

~~Pascor, pasci, pastus sum, dcp. To Pccius, oris, n. Breast.~~

feed, graze, graze upon. Pccunia, ae, f. Money, sum of Passer, ens, m. Sparrow. money. m. Pace milk Passus, us, ; passus, Pecus, oris, n. Flock, herd, cattle. a mile. m. Foot-soldier Pedes, Itis, ; plur. Pastor, oris, m. (pasco). Shepherd. infantry.

Patefado, ere, fed, factum, (pateo, Pedcstcr, iris, tre. Pedestrian, on To on land facio). disclose, lay open, footj ; pedestres copiae, open. infantry forces. ui. To lie be ex- kctum. To Patco, ere, open, i, allure,^ posed.

Pater, iris, m. Father, sometimes hide. senator. Pcllo, (twpepuli, pulxum. To Paiernus, a, um, (pater). Paternal. drive. Patior, pati, passus sum, dep. To Pelopldas, ae, m. Pelopidas, a permit, keep, endure. celebrated Theban general, (230). Patria, ae, f. Country, native Penarius, a, um. Of or for provi- sions cella country. ; penaria, granary. n. Patrimonium, ii, Estate, patri- Pendeo, ere, pependi. To hang, be mony. suspended.

~~Patrius, a, um, (pater). Fatherly. Penctro, are, avi, alum. To pen- etrate. Patruus, i, m. Uncle by the father's~~

~~side, paternal uncle. Periitus, adv. Inwardly; fully, en-~~

Pauci, ae, a. Few. tirely. Paulatim, adv. By degrees, grad- Per, prep, with ace. Through, by, ually. during. a Paulus or Paullus, i, m. Paulus, Per-curro, ere, percucurri or per- surname in the Aemilian gens or curri, cursum. To run through, tribe. Lucius Aemilius Paulus, pass over.

~~the name of two Roman consuls, Percussor, oris, m. Assassin, mur- one of whom fell in the battle of derer.~~

~~Cannae, (191); the other conquer- Perdiccas or Perdicca, ae, m. Per- ed Perseus at Pydna, (198). diccas, one of the most distin-~~

Paulo, adv. (paulus). A little, by a guished generals of Alexander the little. Great, (97). Paulus, a, um. Little, small. Perditus, a, um, (perdo). Lost, em. without means Pauper, Poor, ; abandoned, desperate. scanty, meagre. Per-do, ere, dldi, dltum. To destroy,

~~Pausanias, ae, m. Pausanias, the waste, lose.~~

~~leader of the Spartans in the bat- Per-duco, ere, duxi, ducium. To tle of Plataea, (221). conduct, bring to, to extend, Pax, pads, f. Peace. build, make. 188 LATIN READER. [PlCRENXIS~~

Perennis, e, (per, annus). Continual, Pcrsevcro, arc, avi, tdum. To per- perpetual. severe, persist. ivi or itum. To Per-eo, Ire, ii, per- Pcrsicus, a, um. Persian, (50, 13). ish. 295. Persona, ae, f. Part, character, Pcr-cxiguus, a, um. Very small, person.

~~very little.. Perspicio, ere, spexi, xpedum, (per, Pcr-fcro, ferre, full, latum. To carry specio). To perceive. bear suffer. through ; ; Per-stringo, ere, strinxi, stridum.~~

Pcrfidia, ae, f. Perfidy. To graze, wound slightly. Pcrgo, ere, rexi, rectum^^r, rego). Per-suadeo, ere, suasi, suCisum. To To on or It go to, per^H persuade. m. cele- Pericles, is, Per^B-^B Per-terreo, ere, ui, itum. To terrify brated Athenian oratoHKustates- greatly.

~~man, (222). Pertineo, ere, tlnui, (per, tcneo). To~~

~~Pcriculosus, a, um, (periciilum). pertain to, tend.~~

~~Dangerous. Per-turbo, are, avi, atum. To dis- ic Per alum, i, n. Danger, peril. turb, throw into confusion, route,~~

~~PerUus, a, um. Skilled in, skilful. embarrass.~~

~~Per-magnus, a, um. Very great. Per-utilis, e. Very useful.~~

Pcr-mitto, ere, misi, mis.sum. To Pcr-venio, ire, veni, ventum. To send to. ; grant, permit ; permittilur, reach, come impers., it is permitted. Perverse, adv. Perversely, wrongly. Pcr-multus, a, um. Very much, PCS, pedis, m. Foot.

~~very many. Pcto, ere, &i or ii, itum. To seek,~~

~~f. ask aim at attack. Pcrmuiatio, onis, Exchange, ; ;~~

~~barter. Phacthon, ontis, m. Phaethon, fa-~~

~~Pcr-paucus, a, um. Few, tfery bled son of Helios the sun, (71).~~

~~few. Phalerae, arum, f. pi. Trappings,~~

~~Per-petro, are, avi, cltum. To finish, ornaments for horses.~~

~~achieve. Phalirum, i, n. Phalcrum, the Con- oldest harbor of Athens often Perpetuo, adv. (perpctuus). ; stantly, ever. called Phalerlcus portus.~~

~~Perpetuus, a, um. Perpetual, con- Pharnaccs, is, m. Pharnaces, son stant. of Mithridates, (205).~~

f. a in Pcrsa, ac, or Perscs, ae, m. A Per- PharsCdus, i, Pharsalus, city II. where was de- sian, (44, ; 126). Thessaly, Pompey - wr, stqui, secutus sum, dep. feated by Caesar, (210). The dis- To follow, pursue, carry on, pro- trict was called Pharsalia. a secute. Philippi, drum, m. pi. Plnlippi, in Perseus, i, or Perscs, ae, m. Per- city Macedonia, (213).

~~seus or Pcrses, the last king of Philippus, ?, m. Philip, the name Macedonia, (198). of several Macedonian kings, the POMPEIANUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 180~~

~~most celebrated of whom was the phers, disciple of Socrates, and in- father of Alexander the Great, structor of Aristotle, (81).~~

f. Common (140, 230). Plebs, bis, people, PMlosophia, ae, f. Philosophy. people. m. um. Full, possessed of, XN/ PhilosopJius, i, Philosopher. Plenus, a, a castle in At- rich in. Phyle, es, f. Phyle, adv. Com- tica, (228). Plerumque, (plerusque). a district Picenum, i, n. Picenum, monly, generally, frequently. in the eastern part of Italy. Plerusque, ague, umque. Most, or Pklnus, a, urn, (Picenum). Of MuUus. belonging to Picenum, Picene, adi (23,19). n. Pittas, Otis, f. Dutiful conduct, Plus, uris, adj. More, pi. many, sense of duty; affection; loyalty; several. See MuUus. n. piety. Poculum, i, Cup. im- n. Poem. Piget, ere, piguit or pigitum est, Poema, atis, f. Punishment. pers. It irks, grieves, displeases. Poena, ae, 299. Poenitet, ere, poenituit, impers. It causes it Pingo, ere, p'mxi, pictum. To paint, regret ; poenitet me, I depict. causes me to repent, repent, am

~~Piraeus, or Piraecus, i, m. The sorry for, regret.~~

~~Piraeus, the celebrated port of Poernis, i, m. A Carthaginian, (185).~~

~~Athens, (228). Poela, ae, m. Poet. < itus Pi rilia, ac, m. Pirate. Polliceor, Iri, sum, dcp. To~~

~~Piscis, is, m. A fish. promise^ offer. Hetellus cele- Pius, i, m. See Pius, Pollux, ucis, m. Pollux, a~~

~~(138). brated pugilist, brother of Castor,~~

~~Placeo, ere, ui, itum. To please, be (63, 9). See Castor. to be determined. a ce- pleasing ; Polycrates, is, m. Polycrates,~~

~~Piacldus, a, urn, (placeo). Quiet, lebrated tyrant of Samos, (24, 12). gentle. Pompa, ae, f. Pomp, public proces- Placo, are, avi, alum. To quiet, sion, procession.~~

~~soothe, calm, appease. Pompeius, ii, m. Pompey, the name~~

~~Plancus, i, m. Plancus, a Roman of a' Roman gens. Cnaeus Pom- name, (42, 9). peius, a Roman consul and a dis-~~

~~Platacae, . arum, f. pi. Plataea, a tinguished commander, defeated city in Boeotia, (221). by Caesar at Pharsalia, (205).~~

' Plalaeenses, ium, m. pi. The Pla- Quintus Pompeius, also consul and taeans, the inhabitants of Plataea, commander, defeated in several (216). engagements by the Numantines, Plato, 6nis, m. Plato, one of the (201).

~~most celebrated Grecian philoso- , a, um, adj. 190 LATIN BEADEE. [POMPILIUS~~

of or to Pompeian, belonging Pom- Posteritas, atis, f. (posterus). Pos- pey, (211). terity. See Pompillus, ii, m. Numa. Posterm, a, um ; comp. posterior, Pondus, cris, n. Weight. superl. postremus, postumus. Fol- To Pono, ere, posui, posilum. place, lowing, ensuing ; posteri, pos- descendants build, pitch. terity, ; postrcmo, ad Pons, Pontis, m. Bridge. postrcmum, at last. 163, 3.

Pontius, it, m. Pontius, a Roman Post-fcro, ferre. To place after, name. Pontius a esteem sacrifice. Thdeslnus, gen- less ; eral of the Samnitdio con- Post-pono, ere, posui, positum. To the Romans esteem quered put after, less, postpone ; Forks, (179). disregard, neglect. m. Pontus, i, Pontus, a province in Post-quam, or post quam, conj. Af-

~~Asia Minor, south of the Black ter, after that.~~

~~Sea, (202). Postrcmo, adv. (postremus). At last,~~

~~Populatio, onis, f. (populo). Pillag- finally. last ing, booty ; people, population. Postremus, a, um. The ; ad~~

~~Populo, are, avi, atum, (popiilus). postrcmum, at last, finally. See To depopulate, devastate, pillage ; posterus. popnlor, dcp.t= populo. Postridie, adv. On the following day.~~

Popiilus, i, m. People, nation, Postulo, are, -tlvi, alum. To deniaml. tribe. Posiumius, ii, m. Postumius, the Porrigo, ere, rcxi, rectum. To ex- name of a Roman gens or clan. tend, stretch. Aulus Postumius, a Roman in Porstna, ac, m. Porsena, a king of whose consulship the first Punic Etruria in Italy, (171). war was brought to a close, (89, Porta, ae, f. Gate. 188). Spurius Postumius, a Ro- Portendo, ere, tendi, tcntum. To man consul, defeated by the Sam- portend. nites at the Caudine Forks, (179).

~~Portio, onis, f. Portion, share. Potcns, entis, (possum). Able, pow- Porlus, us, m. Port, harbor. erful.~~

~~Posco, ere, poposci. To demand, P&tenfia, ae, f. Might, force, power,~~

~~ask. lability.~~

~~Possessio, dnis, f. (possideo). Pos- Potestas, citis, f. (potens). Power.~~

~~session. Potior, pot'iri, potltus sum, dep. To Possidco, Ire, sldi, scssum. To pos- obtain, get possession of.~~

~~Poiis, e, comp. potior, superl. potis- " sr, potui, irreg. To be simus. Able, capable, possible. adv. Potius, potissime, (potis) ; po- Pout, adv., and prep, with ace. Af- sitive not used. Rather than.~~

~~terwards, after, behind, since. Prae, prep, with abl. Before, for,~~

~~Po3'-ca, adv. Afterwards. on account of, in comparison with. LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 101~~

~~ui itum. leclum. To read Pracheo, ire, y To show, Prae-lego, ere, kgi, furnish. to another, to read aloud, to~~

~~Prac-ccdo, ere, cessi, cesaum. To pre- lecture.~~

~~cede, surpass, outstrip. Prae-mitto, ere, mlsi, missum. To~~

~~Pracceptor, oris, m. (praecipio). Pre- send forward, send in advance.~~

~~ceptor, commander, teacher. Praemiwn, ii, n. Eeward, premium.~~

~~Praeceptum, i, n. (praecipio). Max- Praeneste, is, n. Praeneste, a town im, rule, precept. in Latium, (182).~~

~~Praecipio, I're, cepi, ccptum (prae, Prac-puno, ere, posni, positum. To capio). To admonish, advise, place over, intrust with. order. entis. Present ^S Praesens, ; praesenticr,~~

Praecipitium, it, n. Precipice. drum, n. pi. present things, the atum. To * Praecipito, are, avi, present. t throw down, precipitate. Praesentia, ae, f. (praesens). Pres- Praecipuus, a, urn. Remarkable, ence.

prominent, special. Praeses, idis, adj. Presiding, ruling, Praecldre, ius, mime, adv. (precla- chief; subs, head, chief, ruler, rus). Excellently, nobly. governor. um. no- Prae-durus, a, Excellent, Praesidium, ii, n. Guard, garrison. ble, distinguished, illustrious. Praestatolis, e. Preeminent, distin- Praeditdo, ere, clasi, clusum, (prae, guished, excellent. claudo). To hinder, preclude, Praestans, antis, (praesto). Excel- cut off. lent, eminent.

~~Praeco, onis, in. Herald, crier. Praeslantia, ae, f. Superiority, pre- Praeda, ae, f. Prey, booty. eminence.~~

~~Prde-dlco, ere, dixi, dictum. To pre- Praesto, are, stiti, itum, (prae, sto). dict, forewarn. To surpass, be superior to; fur-~~

i, n. Predic- render Praedictum, (praedico). nish, do, pay, (as service) ; tion, warning. evince, show, give. urn. Praeditus, a, Endued with, Prae-sum, esse, fui. To preside possessed of. over, command. utus Praedor, ari, sum, (praoda). Prae-tendo, ere, tendi, lentwn. To To plunder. pretend, allege. Prae-fari, defective. To predict, Praeter, prep, with ace. Except, prophesy; say. 297, II. 3. besides. m. Praefcctus, i, Commander, pre- Praeler-ea, adv. Besides, moreover. fect, Praeter-eo, Ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To latum. To Prae-fero, ferre, tuli, pre- pass by, omit. 295. .- choose or bear before. fer, ; carry Praeteritus, a, um, (praetereo). Gone n. Praeficio, fre, fed, fcctum, (prae, by, past ; praeterlta, Crum, pL facio). To place over, put in the past. command. vectiis Praeter-vfhor, vehi, 6;?,', dep. 192 LATIN KEADEK. [PRAETORIUS

To be borne over or to drive f. by ; Probatio, dnis, Approbation, or sail to by ; pass by. proof. Praetorius, a, um, (praetor). Prae- Probatus, a, um, (probo). Tried, torian, belonging to a praetor or tested, proved, approved.

subs, one who f. general ; praetorius, Probitas, atis, (probus). Honesty, has been praetor. probity, integrity. Prae-vidco, ere, vldi, vlsum. To Probo, are, avi, utum, (probus). To foresee. prove, show ; approve.

~~Pratum, i, n. Meadow, pasture. Probus, a, um. Upright, honest.~~

~~Pravus, a, um. Depraved, bad. Procas, ae, m. Procas, a Roman~~

~~Preces, um, f. pi. dot. ace. and abl. name. Silvius Procas, a king of sing, also occur. Prayers, en- Alba, (151).~~

~~treaties. Pro-cedo, $re, cessi, ccssum. To step Precor, ari, atus sum. To beseech, forth, to advance, proceed, come pray. on, succeed.~~

Prcmo, re, pressi, pressum. To Procillus, i, m. Procillus, a young press, urge. man sent by Caesar to Ariovistus, n. Pretitim, ii, Price, worth. (52). Pridie, adv. On the day before. Pro-clamo, are, avi, atum. To cry Primo, primum, adv. (primus). At out, proclaim. first as soon m. first, ; quam primum, Pro-consul, ulis, Proconsul, one as possible. with the authority of consul.

~~Primus, a, um, superl. (prior). First. Procul, adv. At .a distance, far 166. off. m. ruler atum. To attend Princcps, ipis, Prince, ; Pro-euro, are, avi,~~

chief man. to, have the care of. cur- Principalus, us, m. Sovereignty, Pro-curro, ere, curri (cucurri), imperial power. sum. To run forth, project. Treach- Principium, ii, n. Beginning. Proditio, dnis, f. (prodo). Prior, us. Former, previous. 166. ery, treason. m. Traitor. Priscus, i, m. Priscus, the surname Prodltor, oris, (prodo). of Lucius Tarquinius, the fifth Pro-do, ere, dldi, dilum. To disclose, king of Rome, (162). betray. Pristinus, a, um. Ancient, pristine. Pro-duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To adv. first lead Prim, Before, ; prius- forth, produce. n. conflict. quani or prius quam, before that, Proclium, ii, Battle, before. Profedo, adv. Indeed, truly. sum. Privatus, a, um. Private, personal, Proficiscor, proficisd, profectus subs, a private citizen. To depart, set out, go. Pro, prep, with abl. Before, in Profligo, arc, avi, atum, (pro, fligo). ruin. front of; for, in behalf of, instead To overthrow, n < -3 as an To off ; pro hoste, enemy. Pro-fundo, Sre, fudi, fusum. PDBLIUS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 193

pour out, spend; throw away, Prosilio, ire, ii or ui, (pro, salio). lavish, dissipate. To leap up, spring forth. Progredior, grvdi, gressus sum, clcp. Prospere, ius, rime, adv. (prospcrus). (pro, gradior). To proceed, ad- Happily, prosperously. vance. Prospcrus, a, um. Favorable, for-

Prohibeo, ere, ui, ttum, (pro, hab'eo). tunate, prosperous. To prohibit, prevent. Pros2Jicio, ere, spexi, spectum, (pro, look Promissus, a, urn, (promitto). Grow- specie). To forward, look, see look out take care ing long, long. ; for, of, missum. To for fro-mitto, ere, misi, provide ; discern, descry. send forth, promise. Prosterno, ere, stravi, stratum, (pro, To overthrow. Promontorium, ii, n. Promontory. sterno). prostrate,

~~Promptus, a, um. Prompt, ready. Pro-sum, prodesse, profui. To pro- be useful. Pro-nuntio, are, avi, alum. To pub- fit, avail,~~

~~lish, proclaim, announce; recite, Prottnus, adv. Directly, imme- declaim after. ; act, tell, narrate. diately~~

~~Propago, are, avi, atum. To prop- Pro-video, ere, vldi, vlsum. To pro- be on one's agate ; prolong. vide, guard.~~

~~Propc, adv., and prep, with ace. Providus, a, um, (provideo). Fore-~~

~~Near, nearly, near to, close by, seeing, prudent, cautious, provi- near. dent.~~

~~Propcro, fire, avi, atum. To hasten. Provincia, ae, f. Province. Propior, ius. Nearer. See 166. Provocatio, onis, f. (provoco). Chal- Propius, adv. Nearer. lenge, appeal.~~

Pro-pono, ere, posui, positum. To Provoco, are, avi, atum. To chal- set forth, state, propose. lenge, appeal. um. Proprius, a, Peculiar, proper, Proximus, a, um. Nearest, next. one's own, characteristic of. 166. with ace. Proptcr, prep, For, on Prudens, entis. Prudent, wise, learn- account of. ed, skilled. adv. on that Propter-ea, Therefore, Prudentia, ae, f. (prudens). Pru- account. dence. alum. To Pro-pulso, are, avi, repel, Ptolemaeus, i, m. Ptolemy, the ward off. name of several kings of Egypt, Prora, ae, f. Prow, forepart of a (211).

~~ship. Publicola, ae, m. Publicola, the adv. Prorsus, Uninterruptedly, surname of Valerius, one of they~~

~~straight on, absolutely. first consuls at Rome, (169).~~

Pro-rumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum. To Publicus, a, um. Public. rush or break forth. Publius, ii, m. Publius, a Roman Pro-scrlbo, ere, To name Publius Rut'dius scripsi, scripium. ; as, Rv/us, proscribe, outlaw. (ISO). 9 194 LATEST EEADEK. [PCJDK7

~~Pudet, ere, puduit, pufctum est, im- Pythia, ae, f. Pythia, the priestess~~

~~- It shames it of at pers. ; pudct me, Apollo, Delphi, (217> shames me, I am ashamed.~~

~~Pttdor, oris, m. Regard, respect, Q. modesty, awe, shame.~~

~~Puella, ae, f. Girl. Q. or Qu. An abbreviation of~~

~~Piter, tri, m. Boy.~~

~~ruerllis, e, (puer). Boyish, youth- Quadraaeslmus, a, um, (quadragin~~

~~ful. ta). Fortieth.~~

~~Pueritia, ae, f. (puer). Boyhood. Quadraginta, indecl. Forty.~~

Puf/io, onis, m. Dagger, poniard. Quadriga, ae, f. Chariot, four-horse Pugna, ae, f. Battle. chariot. pugno, are, avi, citum. To fight. Quadringentestmus, a, um, (quad- Pulcher, chra, chrum. Beautiful. ringenti). The four hundredth. Pulvillus. Hora- a. hun- Pulvillus, i, m. QuadringerUi, ae, Four this Pulvillus, a Roman consul in dred. the first year after the banishment Quaero or quaeso, ere, gnacsivi, of Tarquin, (170). quaesltum. To seek, inquire, ask, It Pumilio, onis, m. and f. Dwarf, implore. Quaeritur, impers. pigmy. is asked, the question is asked.

e. what sort lalis Punlcus, a, um, (Foeni). Punic, Quails, What, ; Carthaginian, belonging to Car- qualis, such as. adv. and How thage or the Carthaginians. (196). Quam, conj. ; as, how Punio, ire, Ivi, Hum. To punish. than, after: quam mutti, with intensive, Pupillus, i, m. Pupil. many ; superl. hinder as as Puppis, is f. The stern, the quam m&ximus, great possi- part of a ship. ble. little. adv. How as Pusillus, a, urn. Small, weak ; Quam-dlu, long, long Puto, are, avi, alum. To think, as. imagine, esteem. Quam-quam, conj. Although, of Pi/dna, ae, f. Pydna, a town though. however Macedonia, celebrated for the Quam-vis. However, much, victory of Paulus over Perseus, though. um. How how (198). Quantus, a, great, tantus so The a much ; great Pyrenacus, i, m. Pyrenees, quantus, mountains between as how much, as. range of ; quanta, by France and Spain, (190). Qua-rc. Wherefore, whereby. m. a of um. Fourth. Fyrrltv*) i, Pyrrhus, king Quartus, a, As if. Epirus, (183). Quasi. distributive. Four Pythagoras, ae, m. Pythagoras, a Quaterni, ac, a, four at a four each. celebrated philosopher of Samos, by four, time, 2. (94). 174, QUONDAM] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 195

Quaiio, ere, quassi, quassum. To Quinquagcsimus, a, um, (quinqua- shake. ginta). Fiftieth. n. indecl. Quatriduum, i, (quattuor, dies). Quinquaginta, Fifty. Space of four days, four days. Quinque, indecl. Five. n. Five Quattuor, indecl. Four. Quinquennium, ii, years, Quattuordecim, indecl. (quattuor, space of five years. um. Fifth. decem). Fourteen. Quintus, a, word. m. a common tyie, appended to another Quintus, i, Quintus, And. 587, 1. 3. Roman name; as, Quintus Mu~ Quem-ad-modum, adv. la what man- cius Scaevola, (172). Indeed. ner, how, as. Quippe, conj.

Quercla, ae, f. (queror). Complaint. Quis, quae, quid? interrog. pron. what ? Qucror, qucri, questus sum, dep. To Who, which, complain. Quis, quae, quid, indef. pron. Some one. 1. Qui, quae, quod, rel. and intcrrog. one, any 190, Who, which, what. Quisnam or quinam, quacnam, or Quia, conj. Because. quodnam quidnam. Who, what. Quicunque (or cumque) quaecun- which, que, quodcunque. Whoever, Quispiam, quaepmm, quodpiam, - whatever. and subs, quidpiam or quippiam, Quidam, quaedam, quoddani or indef. pron. Any one, any certain certain. some some quiddam. A one, body, any ; one, thing, Quidem. Indeed. some.

Quies, etis, f. Rest, quiet. Quis-quam, quacquam, quidquam or Quiesco, ere, quievi, quictwn, (quies). quicquam. Any, any one. To rest, repose, keep quiet. Quis-que, quaeque, quodque ov Quietus, a, um, (quiesco). Quiet, at que. Every, every one, whoever, rest. whatever; with superl., intensive, Qui-libet, quaclibct, quodlibet, indef. primo quoque tempore, on the pron. Any one, any. very first opportunity. Quin. That not, but that, that. Quis-quis, quaequae, quidquid or Titus whatever. Quinctius, ii, m. Quinctius. quicquid. Whoever, Quinctius, a Roman general at Quo. Where, whither, that, in the time the city was threatened order that. the 321 B. C. as by Gauls, (177). Quo-ad. Till, until, as long > as Titus Quinctius Flaminius gained far as.

the victory at Cynoscephalae, Quod, conj. 'That, because. (107). Quoiiunus, (quo, minus). v That not, Quindcdm, indecl. Fifteen. from. Quingentcslmus, a, um, (quingenti). Quomodo, adv. (quo, moda). How, The five hundreth. by what means. Quinfjenti, ae, a. Five hundred. Quondam, adv. Formerly. 196 LATIN" HEADER. [QUOQUB

~~Quoquc. Also, too. Recordatio, onis, f. (recorder). Re-~~

~~Quot, adj. pi. indec. How many, as collection, remembrance. as all. atus To many, ; Recordor, ari, sum, dep. Quoi-annis. Every year, yearly. recollect.~~

Quotidie. Daily, every day. Rede, ius, issime, adv. (rectus). Quoius, a, um. Of what number, Rightly. to how many ; what, often applied Rector, oris, m. (rego). Director, the hour of the day. ruler. or cum. since n. Quum When, ; Rectum, i, (rectus). Right. not though ; quum turn, only Rectus, a, urn^ (rego). Straight, and either correct. but also, both ; rarely right, Recupero, are, avi, atum. To re- gain. K. Red-do, ere, dldi, dttum. To re-

~~f. return make re- Rabies, ci, Madness, rage. store, ; ; render,~~

f. as as- Radix, Ids, Root, foot, baser peat, recite, give up, resign ; of a mountain. sign. ivi or itum. To Ramus, i, m. Branch. Red-eo, ire, ii, go Raplna, ae, f. Rapine, plunder. back, return. 295. Rapio, ere, rapui, raptum. To rob, Redigo, Zre, egi, aclum, (red, ago). carry off. To force, reduce, compel. Raptor, oris, m. (rapio). Robber, Redimo, Sre, emi, emptum, (red, plunderer. emo). To ransom. Raro, adv. (rarus). Rarely, seldom. Redltus, us, m. (redeo). Return,

~~Rarus, a, urn. Rare, uncommon. revenue.~~

~~Ratio, drJs, f. A calculating, think- Re-duco, ere, duxl, ductum. To lead reduce. ing ; reason, understanding ; plan, back, method, kind. Red-undo, are, avi, atum. To over-~~

~~Rails, is, f. Raft. flow ; to abound.~~

~~Re-ldlo, are, avi, atum. To rebel. Re-fercio, ire, fersi, fertum, (re, far-~~

~~Re-ccdo, ere, cessi, cessum. To with- cio). To fill, stuff, cram.~~

~~draw, recede, retire. Re-fSro, fcrrc, tuli, latum, (re-~~

Rccens, entis. Recent, fresh, young, fero). To bring back, requite, new. return, render, place among, refer it Redpio, ere, cCpi, ceptum, (re, capio). ; refert, imps, concerns, To resume se matters. receive, recover, ; % redptire, to betake one's self, Refertus, a, um, part, (refercio). withdraw. Filled.

~~Rcclto, arc, avi, atum, (re, cito). Reficio, Zrc, fed, fcctum, (re, facio;. recite. restore recover. To repeat, To repair, ;~~

~~Recognosco, ere, novi, nitum, (re, Refluo, ere, fluxi, fiuxum, (re, fluo). cognosce). To recognize. To flow back. 197 RESPONDED] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.~~

To re- Tore- Re-nunlio, are, avi, atum. Re-fugio, Zre, fugi, fugVum. announce. treat. port, tepuro, are, avi, atum, (re, paro), Reglna, ae, f. Queen. To f. country. renew, repair. Regio, onis, Region, To re- le-pello, ere, puli, pulsum. Regius, a, um, (rex). Royal pel, drive back. Regno, are, avi, atum, (regnum). adv. Suddenly. To reign, rule. Repentc, um. n. Kingdom, Repentlnus, a, Unexpected, Regnum, i, (rex). sudden. sovereignty, government. rectum. To direct, Reperio, ire, peri, pertum, (re, pa- Rcgo, ere, rexi, To find. rule, manage. rio). etum. To fill sum, dep. Re-pleo, ere, cvi, fill, Regrcdior, gredi, gressus To return. again. (re, gradior). To re- ere, posui, posilum. Regula, ac, f. (rego). Rule, pattern, Re-pono, model. place, restore, lay up. atum. To m. Marcm Re-porto, are, avi, gain, Regulus, i, Regulus. bear off. Atilius Regulus, a distinguished Roman consul taken prisoner by Reprehendo, ere, prehendi, prehen- the first To blame, the Carthaginians in sum, (re, prehendo). censure. Punic war, (186). are, avi, atum. To reject, Religio, onis, f. Religion, obligation. Repudio, lictum. To divorce. Re-linquo, ere, Uqui, resist. are, avi, atum. To leave, desert. Re-pugno, or f. Remnant, ere, quislvi it, quisltum Reliquiae, arum, pi. Re-qulro, To seek, demand, those who escaped. (re, quaero). remain- \ require, Rellquus, a, um. The rest, it is Res, rei, f. Thing; affair; state; ing, the other. Reliquumest, res deed, reality, battle; gestae, left, it remains. res To ; publica, republic. Rc-maneo, ere, mansi, mansum. exploits To remain. Re-scrlbo, ere, scripsi, scriptum. in wiii n. write back, reply ing. Remedium, ii, Remedy. To ere, scdi, (re, sedeo). Reminiscor, ci, dep. To remem Resideo, sit down. ber. sit, remain, stitum. To op- Re-mitto, erc,_misi, missum. T Resisto, ere, st'tti, send back. pose, resist. m. Respect, Re-moveo, ere, movi, motum. T Respectus, us, (respicio). take away, remove. regard. Oar. speclum, (re, spc- Remus, i, m. Respicio, ere, spcxi, re- the brothe To look back ; regard, Remus, i, m. Remus, cio). of Romulus, (152). spect.

~~Ren&vo, are, avi, atum, (re, novo Re-spondco, ere, spondi, sponsum. To renew. To reply. LATIN READER [RESPONSUM~~

~~i. n. An- f. Rcsponsum, (rcspondeo). Roma, a~~

~~lica, reipublicae, f. Republic. man, (26). 126. Romulus, i, m. Romulus, the foun- To cast der of Ite-spuo, ere, spui. out, eject ; Rome, (154).~~

~~reject, refuse, dislike. Roscius, ii, m. Roscius-, a Roman~~

~~Resttiuo, ere, stilui, stituium, (re, name. Lucius Roscius, a cele-~~

~~statuo). To restore. brated tribune of the people and~~

~~Rc-tardo, are, avi, atum. To detain, friend of Cicero, (51). retard, check. Rotundus, a, um. Round, sphe-~~

~~tinui, tcntum^ (re, rical. To retain. m. a sur- Rufus, i, Rufus, Roman~~

~~Reus, i, m. Criminal, defendant. name; as, PubliusRutiliusRufus,~~

~~Reverentia, ae, f. Reverence. (139).~~

~~Re-verto, ere, verli, versum ; Rulna, ae, f. Ruin, fall.~~

~~tor, dep. To come back, return. Rullianus, i. m. Rullianus, a Ro- Rervoco, are, avi, atum. To recall. man name. Quintus Fabius Rul-~~

~~Rex, regls, m. King. lianus, master of the cavalry (ma-~~

Rhca, ae, f. Rhea. . Rhea Silvia, gistcr equitum) under the dicta- the daughter of Numitor and the tor Papirius Cursor, (1*78). mother of Romulus and Remus, Rumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum. To (152). break. m. The river rultum or rutum. To Rhenus, i, Rhine, \ Ruo, ere, rui, (208). run, rush forth.

~~river f. cliff. Rhodanm, i, m. The Rhone, Rupcs, is, Rock, in Gaul, (208). Rursus (or um), adv. Back, again.~~

~~Rhodius, a, urn, (Rhodos, the island : Rus, ruris, n. Country, as opposed of or be- to of Rhodes}. Rhodian, | ciiy. to Rhodes. farm- longing Rhodius, ii, RusCicus, i, m. Countryman,~~

m. A Rhodian, (143). er, peasant, husbandman. to a Roman Rideo, ere, si, sum. To laugh, Rutilius, ii, m. Rutilius, laugh at. name. Publius Rutilius Rufus, in the So- Ripa, ae, f. Bank, as of a river. a Roman consul, slain Rite, adv. Rightly, in due form. cial \var, (139).

~~Robur, oris, n. Strength. S. Robustus, a, um, (robur). Robust,~~

~~' strong. 8. An abbreviation for Scxtus, Kp.~~

Ror/atio, dnis, f. (rogo). An asking, for Spurius. m. The Sabiat-f a question ; entreaty, request. Sabini, drum, pi. , Royo, are, avi, atum. To ask, ques- people of Italy, bordering upon tion. Latium, (U>7). VOCABTJLAEY. SCIBSTIA] LATIN-ENGLISH

sacred, Sacred. Sancie, ius, isswie, (sanctus, Sacer, sacra, sacrum. adr. .Chastely, purely, and f. pure), Sacerdos, oiis, m. (sacer). conscientiously. Priest, priestess. m. Blood. Sacrifice. Sanguis, inis, ii, n. Sacrificium, a To Sahnio, dnis, m. Sannio, proper Sacro, arc, avi, atum, (sacer). consecrate. name, (35). entis. \Viso subs, a wise n. Sacred rite or insti- Sapiens, ; Sacrum, i, man. tution; sacrifice. adv. adv. Often. Sapienier, ius, issiinc, (sapiens). Saepe, jus, mime, To Wisely. Saevio, Ire, Ivi or ii, Hum. rage, f. Wisdom. be cruel. Sapienlia, ae, (sapiens). to Ivi or i. To taste ; atis f. acute- Sapio, ere, Sagacltas, y Sagacity, have sense, to know, understand, ness, shrewdness. be v. ads. Acute, sagacious. Sagax, ancient f. Saudis, the f. Arrow. Sardcs, ium, Sagitta, ae, il of n. a town Lydia. Sagunium, i, Saguntum, island of Sar- Sardinia, ae, f. The .in Spain, on the Mediterranean, dinia, west of Italy, (188). (189). m. and f. Lifeguard, m. The Sa- Safeties, itis, Saguntlni, drum, pi. citizens of attendant. guntines, Saguntum, r ilium. To sa- Satio, are, avi, tll, (189). content. Sal'imh, is or mis, f. (ace. Salami- tisfy, subs. suf- f. The *dv., adj., Enough, na\ or Sahmma, ac, satis hablre, island of Salamis, off the coast of ficient, sufficiently; to have enough, be content. Attica, (217). f. the town Health- -T, ae, Saturnia, Salubcr, bris, brc, (salus). and citadel built by Saturn, (148). ful, salubrious. m. the most Salus Saturnns, i, Saturn, Salus, Mis, f. Safety; per- Set- ancient king of Latium, (148). sonified, the Roman goddess, Saudus, a, urn. Wounded, injured, his, (20, 7). hurt, sick, intoxicated. Salutilris, e, (salus). Healthful, n. stone". wholesome. Saxum, i, Rock, To Scacvola, ae, m. See Mudus, (172). Salato, are, avi, atum, (salus). wn, Wicked, salute. Scdestus, a, (-vlus). See III. 1. criminal, infamous. Salve, def. verb. Hail. 297, n. wickedness. wn. Safe, unhurt. Scclus, cris, Crime, Salvus, a, " Sam- f. Scene, stage. Samnltes, ium, m. pi. The Scena, ac, devoted te of Sainnium Schola, ac, f. Leisure nites, the inhabitants a of a learning ; place learning, in Italy, (178). a dissertation. f. The island school ; lecture, Samus or Samos, i, Asia f. Knowledge, Samos, on the coast of Scientia, ae, (scio). Minor. science, skill, expertness. 200 LATEST READEK. fScia

Scio, sclre, sdvi, scitum. To know, Sempronim, ii, m. See Gracchus, understand, have knowledge. (190). Scipio, onis, m. Scipio, the name Or Senator, is, m. (senex). Senator. of a distinguished Roman family. Senatus, us, m. (senex). Senate. See Africunus, (190). Scncctus, f. uiis, (senex). Old age, age. Scriba, m. ae, (scribo). Scribe, senui. Senesco, ere, To grow old, clerk. become aged ; sencscens, entis, be- Scribo, ere, scripsi, scriptum. To coming old, aged. write, prepare. Senex, senis. Old, aged. 16$, 3. Scutum, i, n. Shield. Senex, senis, m. and f. An old man, Scythia, ae, f. an extensive Scythia, an aged person. country in the north of Europe Senones, wn, m. pi. The a and Senones, Asia, (215). in powerful people Gaul, (176). Scyihae, arum, m. pi. The Scythi- adv. Sensim, (sentio). Sensibly; ans, (215). slowly, gradually, by degrees. Se-ccdo, ere, cessi, cessum. To retire, Sensus, us, m. Sensation, sense, withdraw. perception. Secundum, adv:, and prep, with ace. Sententia, ae, f. Opinion, sentence, nest After, behind, to ; according sentiment, maxim, axiom, purpose, to, by the side of, along. decision. Seewndw, a, wn. Second, favorable, Sentio, ire, scnsi, sensum. To per- 'jrous. ceive, feel, experience; think, But. /'.raj. judge. Scdccim, indec. (sex, decem). JSix- Sepelio, lre,pellvi or ii, puttu.m. To teen. bury. Sedeo, sessum. To ire, scdi, sit, stay. Sepio, Ire, scpsi, septum. To guard, Sedes, is, f. Seat, abode, residence. shelter. Scditio, onis, f. Quarrel, sedition. Septem, indecl. Seven. Muti- SediliOsus, a, urn, (seditio). Septimus, a, um, (septem). Se- nous, seditious. venth. atum. To Sedo, are, civi, allay, quiet. Septingcntesimus, a, um, (scptin- e. Scffnis, Slothful, inactive. genti). The seven hundredth. adv. Sec/niter, ius, issimc, (segnis). Septinyenti, ae, a. Seven hundred.

Sbthfully/ Septuagesimus, a, wfi, (septuaginta). Sdcucia, ae, f. Selcucia, a city of Seventieth. on the Syria Orontes, (206). Septuaginta, indecl. Seventy. adv. Once. n. Semd, Scpulcrum, i, (sepelio). Grave, f. Seed Scmcntis, is, ; sowing. tomb, sepulchre. e. Scmiariimvt, Half-alive, half-dead. Scpultura, ae, f. (sepelio). Burial. adv. ever. Semper, Always, Sequani, drum, m. The Sequani, a Ever- Scmpilcrnus, a, wn, (semper). Gallic people, dwelling on the lasting, imperishable. river Sequana, (23, 15). SOCIETAS] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 201

secutus To n. indica- Scquor, scqui, sum, dcp. Signum, i, Mark, sign, follow, succeed. tion, standard. n. Sergius, ii, m. See Calillna, (207). Silentium, ii, Silence, stillness, Scrmo, dnis, m. Speech, discourse, quiet, repose.

~~conversation. Sileo, ere, ui To be silent, still, adv. to over in not Sero, ius, isslme, (serus). Late, quiet ; pass silence, too late. to speak of.~~

~~Scrpo, ere, scrpsi, scrptum. To Silvia, ac, f. See Ulica, (152).~~

~~spread, extend. Silvius, ii, m. Silvius, the name of Scrus, a, um. Late. several kings of Alba, the first of a Scrvilius, ii, m. Servilius, Roman whom was the son of Aeneas, name. (150, 151).~~

~~a e. Servio, Ire, wi or ii, Itum. To be Similis, Similar, like. 163, 2.~~

~~slave, to serve, be subject to. Similltcr, ius, lime, adv. (similis).~~

~~Scrvilus, utis, f. (servio). Servitude, In like manner, similarly, in a slavery. similar way. 305, 2.~~

~~Servius, ii, m. Servius, a Roman/ Slmonidcs, is, m. Simonides, a cele-~~

name. Servius Tullius, the six*n brated lyric poet of Cea, (132). king of Rome, (164). Simid, adv. At the same time. Servo, are, dvi, atum. To observe, Simulatio, onis, f. An assumed ap- de- keep ; preserve. pearance, pretence, simulation,

~~Servus, i,m. Slave. ceit, hypocrisy.~~

~~Scu. Whether; sou sou, whether Sin,, conj. But if. "' or. Sine, prep, with abl. "Without.~~

~~Sex, indecl. Six. Singularis, e. Single, singular, re-~~

~~Sexagcslmus, a, um, (scxaginta). markable. Sixtieth. Singalus, a, um. Single, one by one. Sexaginta, indecl. Sixty. Sinister, tra, trum. Left, on the~~

~~Scxcentesimui}, a, um, (sexcenti). Six left. hundredth. siium. To Sino, ere, sivi, permit ; a. Six hundred. allow Sexcenti, ae, ; situs, put, placed, situated.~~

~~Sexlus, a, um, (sex). Sixth. Sinus, us, m. Bosom, bay. Si, conj. If. Si-quis or siqui, siqua, siquid or si- Sic, adv. Thus, so. quod, indef. pron. If any, if any Siccus, a, um. Dry. one.~~

f. The island of Sidlia, ae, Sicily, Sitis, is, f. Thirst, desire. (185). Sobrius, a, um. Sober, temperate, Sidus, eris, n. A group of stars, a moderate, reasonable. constellation. Soccr, tri, m. Father-in-law.

~~Slgnifico, are, dvi, atum, (signum, Socidlis, e, (socius). Social, friendly.~~

~~To f. facio). show, indicate, mean, Sodctas, atis, (socius). League, ' signify. alliance, partnership, society. 202 LATIN READER. [Socius~~

~~confederate. Socius, ii, m. Ally, Spartanus, a, um, adj. (Sparta). m. a cele- subs. Socrates, is, Socrates, Spartan; Sparlanus, i, m.,~~

brated Grecian philosopher, (20, 8). a Spartan, (222). Sun. Sol, soils, m. Spariacus, i, m. Spartacus, a cele- e. established brated who Solemnis, Stated, ; gladiator waged war religious, solemn. against the Romans, (204). Sol- Solemriitcr, adv. (solemnis). Spatium, ii, n. Space.

~~in f. emnly, due form. Species, Ii, Appearance, guise.~~

~~itus sum. To be accus- n. - Solco, ere, Spectacalum, i, (specto). Specta-~~

~~tomed, be wont. 272, 3. cle, show.~~

~~Solldus, a, um. Solid. Specto, are, avi, atum. To view,~~

Solitado, mis, f. (solus). Solitude. witness. Spectdtus, a, um. Tried, Solltus, a, um, (soleo). Usual. proved, illustrious. Sollertla, ac, f. Sagacity, shrewd- Sperno, ere, sprcvi, sprelum. To ness. despise, reject, contemn, scorn, Solon, onis, m. Solon, a celebrate'd spurn.

~~Athenian law-giver and one of the Spero, are, dvi, atum. To expect, seven wise men flatter one's self. of Greece, (128). hope ;~~

~~Solum, adv. (solus). Only, alone. Spes, ei, f. Hope.~~

~~Solus, a, um. Alone. 149. Spolio, are, avi, atum, (spolium). To Unrestrain- rob Soltdus, a, um, (solvo). ; spoil ; despoil.~~

~~ed, dissolute. Spolium, ii, n. Plunder, spoil,~~

~~Solvo, ere, solvi, sclatum. To loose, booty. unbind to abl. ; pay. Spontis, gen. sponte, sing. Of~~

~~Somnio, are, dvi, atum, (somnium),, or for himself, itself, of one's own To dream. accord, on one's own account, vo-~~

~~Somnium, ii, n. Dream. luntarily, spontaneously. m. Sea Posluinius~~

~~Sonus, i, m. (sono). Sound. Stadium, ii, n. A stade or stadium, is to Sophocles, and i, m. Sophocles, a measure equal 606 English Grecian feet a celebrated tragic poet, ; race-course, race-ground.~~

~~(55). Slatim, adv. (sto). At once, imme- jSordldus, a, um. Sordid, soiled, diately.~~

~~filthy, base, mean. Statio, dnis, f. (sto). Station, post;~~

~~Soror, dris, f. Sister. residence.~~

~~Sors, sortis, f. Lot. Statua, ae, f. (statuo). Statue.~~

Sparta, ac, f. Sparta, the capital of Slatuo, ere, ui, utum, (status, from in the To determine Laconia, Peloponnesus; sto). ; appoint, also called Laccdacmon. place. StTFFICIO] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 203

Stattlra, ae, f. (status, from sto). overwhelm, submerge. Pass. To Height, size of the body, stature. be overwhelmed, to sink. condition. Status, ^ls, m. (sto). State, Sub-rideo, ere, rlsi, rlsum. To smile, Stella, ac, f. Star. laugh. stratum. To n. The reserve Sterno, ere, stravi, Subsidiiim, ii, ; aid, prostrate. reinforcement. statum. To stand. silui Slo, stare, steti, Sub-silio, ire, and silii, (sub,

~~f. defeat. Stragcs, is, Slaughter, salio). To leap or jump up, lerv>, Strangulo, are, . avi, dtum. To jump.~~

~~strangle. Sub-sum, esse, fui. To be at hand Strcnue, adv. (strenuus). Vigor- or near, be under. % ously, carefully. Subter, prep, with ace. or abl. Be-~~

~~S'renuus, a, um. Active, valiant. low, beneath, under.~~

Studco, ere, ui. To study, favor, be Sub-traho, $re, traxi, tractum. To attached to to devote one's self ; take away, remove, subtract, to zealous. ; be Sub-venio, Ire, vent, ventum. To adv. to to relieve. Sludiose, ius, issime, (studio- come ; aid,

~~sus). Diligently, earnestly. Sub-verto, ere, verti, versum. To Studiosus, a, um, (studium). Eager, overturn, overthrow, destroy, sub- desirous, zealous; friendly, stu- vert.~~

dious. Succedo, ere, cessi, ccssum, (sub, n. Sludium, ii, Zeal, study, desire, cedo). To succeed, come after. pursuit. Succcssio, oris, f. (succedo). Suc- Slultitia, ae, f. (stultus). Folly, fool- cession. ishness, simplicity. Successor, onu, m. (succGdo). Suc- Stultus, a, um. Foolish, simple, cessor.

~~silly. Successus, us, m. (succgdo). Success.~~

~~Suadeo, ere, suasi, suasum. To ad- Suc-cumbo, ere, cubui, cubitum. To~~

~~vise. yield, submit to.~~

Sub, prep, with ace. or abl. Under, Sitffetius, ii, m. SufFetius. Meiius at the foot of. Suffetius, dictator of the Albans. Sub-duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To take Having been summoned to aid away, withdraw. the Romans against the Veien-

Subigo, ere, egi, actum, (sub, ago). tines, he drew off his forces at the To subdue, conquer. very moment of battle, and await- Subito, adv. (subitus, from subeo). ed the issue of the engagement. Suddenly, unexpectedly. For this perfidy he was put to

~~Sublime, adv. (sublinais). Aloft, death by order of Tullius Hosti-~~

loftily, on high. lius (160). Subllmis, e. High, on high. 'do, ere, fed, fcctum, (sub, fa- substitute be Sub-mergo, ere, mcrsi, mersunt. To cio). To ; sufficient, dip or plunge under; to sink, suffice. LATIN READEK. [SCFFUNDO

Sujfitndo, ere, fudi, fusum, (sub, begging, submissive, beseeching, subs, a fundo). To spread over, pour suppliant ; suppliant. suffuse. through; Supplicium, ii, n. Punishment. Sul, sibl. Himself, herself, itself. Supra, prep, with ace. Above, ae m. a Sulla, y Sulla, distinguished upon. Koman dictator and general, Supremus. See Superus. (202). Surripio, ere, ripui, reptum, (sub, To be. To snatch to A?.:;//?, csse, fui. rapio). away ; steal, Snmma, ae, f. (summus). Supreme pilfer, purloin. ca- power. Suscipio, ere, cepi } ccptum, (sub, To endure receive Summovco, ere, mdvi, motum, (sub, pio). bear, ; ; moveo). To remove, displace, undertake, engage in. Summus. See Superus. Suspendo, ere, pendi, pensum, (sub, SMIO, ere, sumpsi, sumptum. To pendo). To suspend, hang up. take, inflict. Suspcnsus, a, um, (suspendo). Un- in. undecided anxious. Sumptus, its, (sumo). Expense, certain, ;

~~cost. Suspicio, onis, f. (suspicor). Suspi- Super, prep, with ace. or abl. Over, cion.~~

~~above, upon ; of, concerning, at, Suspicio, ere, spcxi,' spectum, (sub, at the time of. specio). To suspect.~~

~~f. dtus Superbia, ae, (superbus). Pride, Suspicor, ari, sum, (suspicio), haughtiness. dep. To suspect.~~

Superbus, a, urn. Proud. Sustento, are, avi, atum, (sustineo). m. the sur- To hold sustain en- Superbus, i, Superbus, up, support, ; of the last of suffer I. 2. name Tarquin, king dure, ; delay. 332, Rome, (167). Sustineo, ere, tinui, tentum, (sub, SupSro, arc, avi, citum, (supcrus). teneo). To sustain, withstand; endure the of. To surpass ; conquer ; pass by, endure, thought

~~cross. Sutis, a, um. His, her, its, their;~~

~~f one's friends. ttio, onis, f. (supersto). Su- pi. often, party, perstition. Syraciisac, arum, f. pi. Syracuse, a in Super-sum, csse, fui. To remain, be city Sicily, (185).~~

~~left, survive. Syracusdni, drum, m. pi. The Sy- um the citizens of '.<;, a, ; cornp. superior ; racusans, Syra-~~

~~superl. sitpremus or summus. cuse, (223). i High, above; past, former. 163, vv~~

~~cnio, Ire, vcni, ventum. To T-. An abbreviation of Titus.~~

come n. Tent. Jb to, surprise. Tabcrnaculum, i, y n. re- To be Siipplcmentum, i, Supplies, Tacco, ere, tapd, taciturn. inforcement. silent, not to speak, to pass over in Supplex, icis, (sub, plico). Humbly silence. TEBRITORIUM] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 205

~~Tacitus, a, um. Silent, secret, tacit. quinius Superbus, the last king m. Touch. of and Golla,- Tactus, us, Rome ; Tarquinius~~

Taedet, ere, tacduit or tacsum cst, im- tlnus, the colleague of Brutus in pers. It disgusts, wearies. the consulship, (169). n. Talentum, i, n. Talent, sum of Tectum, i, (tego). Covering, roof; money, somewhat more than house, edifice. $1,000. Tego, ere, texi, tectum. To cover.

~~Tolls, e, such. Telum, i, n. Weapon. Tarn. So tarn so as. adv. ; quam, Temerc, Rashly. f. indis- Tamen, conj. Yet, nevertheless. Temeritas, atis, Rashness,~~

Tametsi, conj. (tamen, etsi). Not- cretion, temerity. f. Time withstanding that, although, Tempestas, atis, (tempus). ; though. tempest, storm. adv. time- Tanaquil, His, f. Tanaquil, the wife Tempestlve, (tempestlvus, at the of Tarquinius Priscus, (165). ly). Seasonably, jus^ time, Tandem, adv. At length. opportunely. n. Tanquam, adv. As, just as. Templum, i, Temple. Tantum. Only. Tempus, orin, n. Time. Tempora, Tantus, a, um. Such, so great, so times, seasons, events. tanti the um. intoxi- much ; esse, to be worth Temulentus, a, Drunk, while. cated.

~~Tarentum, i, n. Tarentum, a town Teneo, ere, m, tcntum. To hold, of Lower as in Italy, (184). keep, occupy ; obtain, retain,~~

Tarentlni, drum, m. pi. The Taren- the memory. tines, the inhabitants of Taren- Tento, are, avi, atum, (tendo). To attack. I. 2. tum, (180). try ; 332, Tarpeia, ae, f. Tarpeia, a Roman Tenus, prep, with abl. Up to, as maiden, who betrayed the citadel far as.

of Rome to the Sabines, (156). Terentius, ii, m. See Varro, (191). m. of um, Threefold Tarpeius, ii, Tarpeius, one Ter-geminus, a, ; the seven hills of Rome, also call- tergemini, three brothers born at ed Capitollnus. The Capitol was a birth.

~~it. n. erected upon Afterwards the Tergum, i, Back. term Tarpeius was iipplicd to Termmo, are, avi, atum, (terminus). the southern summit of the To bound. ' hill, limit,~~

~~Terminus, i, m. Limit, boundary;~~

~~Tarquinii, drum, m. pi. Tarquinii, end. an ancient town of Etruria, (49, Terra, ae, f. Earth, land, country.~~

~~10). Terreo, ere, ^t^, itum. To terrify.~~

~~Tarquinius, ii, m. Tarquin, the Terrester, iris, ire, (terra). Terres-~~

~~name of the fifth king of Rome trial, on land, laud (as adj.). n. and of his descendants, as Tar- Tcrritorium, ii, Territory. 206 LATIN HEADER. [TERROR~~

Terror om, m. (terreo). Terror, Thorax, dcis, m. Breastplate, coat/ alarm fear of. ; of-mail, corselet. Third. Tcrtius, a, um. Thracia, ae, f. The country of n. will. east of Testamentum, i, Testament, Thrace, Macedonia, (231). m. and f. Witness. Testis, is, TJtrasybidw, i, m. Thrasybulus, an ulus Testor, uri, sum, (testis). To Athenian who liberated the city affirm call to witness. from the ; Thirty Tyrants, (13G, Testiido, tnis, f. Tortoise. 228). - m. a celebrated Thales, is, Thales, Thucydldes, is, m. Thucydidcs, a

~~Grecian philosopher of Miletus, celebrated Greek historian, (77). of the seven wise one men, (114). TibSris, is, m. The river Tiber, in n. Tlieatrum, i, Theatre. Italy, (153).~~

Thcbae, arum, f. pi. Thebes, the Tiberius, ii, m. Tiberius, the second capital of Boeotia in Greece, (230). Roman emperor, (145). a m. a river in Thebanus, % um, adj. (Thebae). Ticlnus, i, Ticinus, Theban, (229); subs. Thebunus, Cisalpine Gaul, famous for the

~~i, m., a Theban. victory of Hannibal over the Ro- m. See Thelesinus, , Pontius, mans, (190, 194).~~

~~(28, 10). Tigrancs, is, m. Tigranes, son-in-~~

~~Themistodes, is, m. Themistocles, law of Mithridates and king of Ar- a celebrated Athenian commander, menia, (205). (132134). Timeo, ere, ui. To fear.~~

Theocritus, i, m. Theocritus, a ce- Timidus, a, um, (timeo). Cowardly, lebrated Grecian poet, (130). timid. m. a Theophrastus, i, m. Theophrastus, Timoleon, ontis, Timoleon, a Grecian philosopher, a disciple Corinthian general, (51).

of Plato and Aristotle, (129). Timotheus, ei, m. Timotheus, an of Thermopylae, arum, f. pi. Thermo- Athenian general, son Conon, pylae, the famous defile or pass (49, 12). n. Bell. between Locris and Thessaly, Tintinnabulum, i, a cele- where Leonidas fell, (218). Tiresias, ae, m. Tiresias,

~~TJicssalia, ae, f. The country of brated blind soothsayer of Thebes,~~

~~Thessaly, in Greece, south of Ma- (24, 11).~~

cedonia, (210). Tissaphernes, is, m. Tissaphernes, Thessalian a Persian of Thessalus, a, um, adj. ; distinguished satrap a under Darius after- subs. Thessalus, i, m., Thessa- Lower Asia, ; of i in the service lian, wards general

'us, i, m. Thessalus, a native Artaxcrxes, (225). is a em- of Thesprotia, in Epirus, who Titus, i, m. Titus, Roman said to have formed a settlement peror, (141). See also Quindius, in Thessaly, and to have given his (177). to the tre sublatum. To name country. Tollo, t sustali, TuiGINTAj LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 207

~~take elate take to thrust to raise, up, ; away ; transfix, through, discard. destroy ; pierce through.~~

Tondeo, ere, totondi, tonsum. To Transgredior, gredi, gressus sum, To or shear, clip, crop; graze, browse; dep.' (trans, gradior). go pluck, gather: pass over. sur- Torquatus, i, m. Torquatus, Translgo, ere, egi, actum, (trans, name of Titus Manlius and his ago). To accomplish, finish, pass, descendants, (177). spend. chain ii or Torquis, is, m. and f. Collar, Transilio, Ire, ivi, ui, (trans,

~~for the neck. salio). To leap or pass over.~~

~~; Tot, indecl. So many. Transitus, m, m. (transeo). Passage. Tofldem, indecl. Just as many, the Trans-marlnus, a, um. Transma- same number. rine, over the sea.~~

~~Totus, a, urn. All, the whole, some- Trans-no = trano.~~

times best rendered by adv. wholly, Trans-porto, arc, avi, . atum. To entirely. 149, 443. carry or convey from one place to Tracto, are, avi, atum. To use, another, carry across, transport. Trasime- treat, manage. Trasimenus, i, m. Lake

~~Trado, ere, dldi, dltum, (trans, do). nus in Etruria, (190).~~

~~to also f. river Trebia in To deliver, give, consign ; Trebia, ae, The to traditur relate, say ; (when Cisalpine Gaul, (190).~~

~~impers.), it is said. Trecentesimus, a, um, (trecenti). The~~

~~Traduco, ere, duxi, ductum, (trans, three hundredth.~~

~~duco).' To lead across, transport. Trecenti, ae, a. Three hundred. Tragoedia, ae, f. Tragedy. Tredccim, indecl. Thirteen.~~

~~Tragoedus, i, m. Tragedian. Tremo, ere, tremui. To shake, tractum. draw Traho, ere, traxi, To ; quake, tremble, quiver. protract; delay, detain, derive, Trcptdus, a, um. Alarmed, in influence. terror.~~

~~Trajicio, ere, jeci, jectum, (trans, Tres, tria. Three. To throw over to cross Tribune. jacio). ; ; Tribunus, i, m.~~

~~conduct over,, lead over. Tribuo, ere, ui, utum. To bestow, Trano, are, avi, atum, (trans, no). impute, award.~~

To swim over. Tribuiarius, a, um. Tributary. with ace. be- Trans, prep, Across, Tributum, i, n. (tribuo). Tax, yond. tribute. Trans-duco = traduco. Triceslmus, a, um. The thirtieth. ivi or itum. To of Trans-co, ire, ii, go Triennium, ii, n. The space over, to cross. 295, 3. three years, three years.

Trans-firo, ferre, tuli, latum. To TrigeminuK =. tergemmus. transport, transfer, translate. Trigeslmus = tricesimus. Trans-figo, ere, fixi, fixum. To Trif/htla, indecl. Thirty. 208 LATIN KEADEK. [TlilPLEX

~~ids. threefold. f. Triplex, Triple, Tunica, ac, Tunic, coat, a gar- Tripudio, are, avi. To leap, dance. ment worn under the toga. Trip'us, odis, m. Tripod. Turba, ae, f. Crowd, throng, mul-~~

~~Tt'ircmis, is, f. (tres, remus). Galley titude. with three banks of oars. Turbo, are, avi, atum, (turba). To~~

~~Tririmis, c, adj. Having three banks disturb, throw into confusion.~~

~~of oars. Turgcsco, ere, turgui. To swell, to Tr/.N'is, c. Sad. swell with passion.~~

~~Triumplio, are, avi, alum, (tri- Turplter, ius, issime, adv. (turpis,~~

~~umphus). Ton triumph, have a base). Basely, disgracefully, in triumphal procession. disgrace.~~

~~Triumphus,i, m. Triumph. Turris, is, f. Tower.~~

~~f. Troczen, tnh, (ace. Troczlna). Tuscidum, i, n. Tusculum, an an- Troezen, an ancient city of Argo- cient town in Latium, (172).~~

~~lis, (217). Tutor, oris, m. Tutor, guardian.~~

~~Troja, ac, f. The city of Troy, (33, C). Tutus, a, wn. Safe.~~

~~Trojiini, Orum, m. pi. (Troja). The Tuus, a, um, adj. pron. (tu). Thy, Trojans, (149). thine, your, yours.~~

~~Trojunus, a, urn, (Treja). Trojan, Tt/ra?mis, idis, f. (tyrannus). Ty- (236). ranny.~~

~~Tropaeum, i, n. Trophy, victory. Tyrannus, i, m. Tyrant, monarch. Truc'ido, are, avi, alum, cae- (trux, U do). To slay, massacre.~~

~~Trux,, truds. Fierce, stern. Uber, cris, n. Udder, dug.~~

~~Tit, tui. Thou, you. Ubertas, atis, f. Richness, fertility. Tuba, ac, f. Trumpet. Ubi, adv. Where, when, sometimes Tublccn, mis, m. Trumpeter. interrog.~~

~~Tueor, Iri, tu~itus or tutus sum, dep. Ubii, orum, m. pi. The Ubii, an To look defend. ancient Germanic upon ; preserve, people dwelling~~

~~Tullia, ac, f. Tullia, the daughter on the Rhine, (94). of Servius Tullius, and wife of Ubmam, adv. Where, in what part Tarquinius Superbus, (166). of?~~

Tullim, ii, m. See Servius, (164). Ublque. Everywhere. ' um. one. 149. Tullus, i, m. See Hostihus, (160). Ullus, a, Any, any Turn. Then; turn turn, not only Ulterior, us ; superl. ulttmm. Fur- more last. but also ; both and. ther, remote; superl.

~~Tumuliuo, fire, avi, alum, (tumultus). 166. To make a noise or tumult. Ullio, onis, f. Revenge. sedition. and with ace. Be- '>/,~~

~~then. 396, 2, 4. own accord. VASTO] LATEST-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 209~~

~~Ululo, are, avi, alum. To howl, to Utifitas, atis, f. (utilis). Utility, ser- cry aloud, to shriek. vice, advantage.~~

Umbra, ae, f.. Shade, shadow. Utor, uti, usus sum. To use. Unde, adv. Whence, also intcrrog. Utrimque or utrinque, adv. On both whence ? ^-v^ Undecim, indecl. Eleven. Utrum, in double questions. Whe- Undequinquaginta, indecl. Forty- ther. nine. Uva, ae, f. A bunch of grapes, a Undeviccsimus, a, urn. Nineteenth. grape. Undique, adv. From all quarters Uxor, 6m, f. Wife. or sides.

~~n. Unguentum, i, Ointment, per-~~

fume. Vaco, fire, avi, atum. To be empty, m. talon. to have leisure for be Unguis, is, Nail, claw, vacant, ; Ungida, ae, f. Claw, talon, hoof. free from. Universus, a, urn. Whole,, entire; Vacuus, a, um. Vacant, empty, all together. free from. n. shallow water. Unquam, adv. At any time, Vadum, i, Ford, ever. Vagitus, us, m. Crying. atus Unus, a, urn. One, alone. 176. Vagor, ari, sum. To wander Unus-quisque, unaquaeque, etc. about. (unus, quisque, both parts de- Vagus, a, um. Wandering, doubt-

~~clined). Each, each one. ful, uncertain, vague. Urbs, urbis, f. City. Valco, ere, ui, itum. To have ursi. To drive be well. Urgeo, ere, urge, ; strength, avail,~~

~~press upon. Valerius, ii, m. Valerius, a Roman Usque, adv. So far as; usque ad, name. See Publicula, Laev'mus,~~

~~even to; usque eo, to such an (169, 180).~~

~~inis. f. extent. , Valetudo, (valeo). Habit, Usurpo, are, avi, atum. To usurp, state of the body, health, state of assume. health.~~

~~Usus, m, m. Use, service; expe- Vamis, a, um. Empty, vain, false.~~

f. rience ; need. Varietas, atis, (varius). Variety, or as Ut uti, conj. That, ; after change. verbs offearing, that not. Varius, a, um. Various. Utcumque or utcunque, adv. How- Varro, onis, m. Varro, a Roman ever, somewhat. name. Cairn Tcrentius Varro, a.

Uter, tra, trum, adj. Which ? which Roman consul defeated at Can- of the two ? 149. nae, (191). Utcrque, utraque, utrumque, like Vas, vasis, n. Vessel, dish, vase. uter. Both, each. 149, 4. Vasto, are, avi, atum, (vastus). To Wills, e. Useful. lay waste, devastate, pillage. 210 LATIN READEK. [VASTUS

~~. a, urn. . Waste, desert, vast. Versus, us, m. A verse.~~

~~and f. Vafcfi, is, m. Pronhet, pro- Vertex, wis, m. (verto). Summit,~~

~~plietcss. top. n. Vedigal, alls, Tax, income, Verto, crc, vcrti, vcrsum. To turn. revenue. Verum, conj. But.~~

Vcho, crc, vcxi, vectam. To carry, Verus, a, um. True, real. bear. Vescor, vcsci. To enjoy, feed upon, Vcientcs, um, or Veicntani, orum, m. live upon, to eat.^ cris or pi. The Veientians, or Yeien- Vesper, cri, m. Evening.

~~tines, the inhabitants of Veii in Vespera, ae, f. Evening.~~

Etruria, (175). Vesperasco, ere, vcsperavi, (vesper). even vcl To become Ft'/, ^bj. Or, ; vel, evening. eithe^B-or. Vesta, ae, f. Yesta, the goddess of fleet. the to whom a VdoxJtps. Swift, rapid, hearth, perpetual fire Vel-utffir vcl-i(fi, adv. As, like as, was kept burning, (152).

~~as if. Vestdlis, c, adj. (Yesta). Yestal, re-~~

' Vcnalis, e. To be sold, for sale, lating to Yesta, (152). purchasable. Vester, tra, trum. Your. ditum. sell n. en- Vendo, ere, didi, To ; Vestibulum, i, Yestibule, sub corona vendcrc, to eell as trance.

~~slaves. Vcstio, Ire, Ivi, Hum, (vestis). To clothe. Venenum, i, n. Poison.~~

~~Venio, ire, vcni, ventitm. To come. Vestis, is, f. Garment. Venor, art, c'ttus sum, dep. To Veterdnus, a, um, (vetus). Yete* hunt, chase, pursue. ran.~~

~~Venter, tris, m. Belly, stomach. Veto, fire, id, tium. To forbid.~~

~~f. Ventus, i, m. Wind. Veiuria, ac, Ycturia, the mother~~

Venus, cris, f. Venus, the goddess of Coriolanus, (174). of m. Ycturius a Roman love, (28). Vclurhis, ii, > name. Titus a Verbum, i, n. Word. Veturius, Roman consul defeated the Sa: Vercor, cri, veritus sum, dep. To by fear, to be afraid. at the Caudine Forks, (179).

~~Verltas, atis, f. Truth. Vetus, cris. Old, of long standing,~~

~~Vero, a'lv. and conj. (verus). Truly, ancient. indeed; but. Vdustas, atis, f. (vetus). Antiquity,~~

~~Vcrres, ?v, m. Yerres, a Roman age. urn. name. Caius Cornelius Verres Vdustus, 'a, Old, ancient.~~

~~renJercd himself notorious by his Via, ac, f. Way. abuse of power in Sicily, (43). Viator, tris, m. Traveller.~~

~~Verso, arc, firi, atum, or versor, dep. Viees";niv,s, a, um. Twentieth.~~

~~To turn one's . um. (verto). ; busy self, <7, Neighboring. bo occupied wi;h. 332, I. 2. Vicis, gen. f. Change, reverse, al- VOLTUSJ LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY. 211~~

~~fortune cris, n. Vitals, bowels. ternation, requital ; fate, ; Viscus, sum. To in vican or vicem, in turn, place. Visa, ire, si, view, see, 133, 1. visit.~~

~~f. Life. Vidssitudo. mis, f. (vicis). Change, Vita, ae,~~

~~alternation, vicissitude, succes- Vilis, is, f. Vine. n. crime. sion. Vilium, ii, Fault, vice, atum. To cen- Victor, 6m, m. (vinco). Con- Vitupero, are, avi, queror. sure, blame, find fault with.~~

. live. Victoria, ae, f. Victory. Vivo, ere, vixi, victum. To alive. Victus, a, um, part, (vinco Vkius, a, um. Living, n. vuered, vanquished. Vocabftfym, i, , Designation, name, word. *^ \ .. Vicus, i, m. Visage. sum. To see Civ To Video, ere, di, ; Voco, arc, I, ('turn, (voj). to to seem. nan:r\ videor, etc., be seen ; call,

~~Viyeo, Ire, ui. "To flourish, thrive, 'olo, are, Civi,-fitum. To fly.~~

~~be in force. '. vellc, rohii, ii-ro^. To will, be vi- desire sibi to Vigilantia, ac, f. "\Vakefulness, lling, wish, ; vcllc, 293 2. gilance. mean. ; 389,~~

~~V^/inti, indec. Twenty. Volsd, orum, m. pi. -The Volsci or Vilis, c. Lo\v, cheap, base, vile. Volscians, a people of Latium,~~

~~Vincio, Ire, vinxi, vinctum. .To (174). bind. Volacer, cris, ere, (volo).^ Flying, victum. con- subs, a Vinco, ere, vici, To winged ; swift, rapid ; qher. bird.~~

~~f. the Vinculuin^Q? vinclum, i, n. Fetter, Volumnia, ac, Voluninia, chain. ~""--.-.^ wife of Coriolanus, (174).~~

~~\Vindcx, ids, m. and f. Dcfr^- Voluntaries, a, um, (vohintas). Vo- a Vindico, arc, avi, turn. To ep&m^ \ luntary, willing, spontaneous.~~

rescue, defend; punish, avc: \Voluntas, atis, f. (volo). Wish, in- Vinolentus, a, um, (vinum). Full-'o / clination, good will. intoxicated wine, with winev^^ Voluptas, dtis, f. Pleasure. n. Vinum, i, Wine. /^ Vovco, ere, vovi, votum. To vow, Violo, are, avi, atum. T& violate, do dedicate, consecrate. violence to ; profane, harm. Vox, vocis, f. Voice, word. m. Vir, viri, Man, hero, ^husband. Vulgus, i, n. Populace, common Virrja, ac, f. Rod, twig. people. In f. maiden. Viryo, in, Virgin, ^ulnZro, arc, avi, Cdum, (valnus). Vii-ff In, (ff, f. Small rod, rod. \ To wound.

~~, I'tis, f. (vir). Manliness, Wulnus, cris, n. Wound.~~

~~bravery, virtue. is, f. Fox. v 'Vulpes, f. vires. Vis, w-, ; pi. Power, strcngt IMS, us, m. Countenance.~~

~~force ; forces ; abundance. 212 LATIN 3JEADER.~~

~~Greek historian, and the leader of the Greeks in the famous retreat m. a of the Xanthippus, i, Xanthippus, ten thousand, (142). . Spartan commander, who took Regulus prisoner in the first Punic~~

~~war, (186). Zama, ae, f. Zama, a town of Nu-~~

~~Xerxes, is, m. Xerxes, a celebrated midia, in Africa, famous for the Persian king, (137, 217). victory of Scipio over Hannibal, Xenophon^ ontis^ m. Xenophon, a (196). K i~~

~~Q TF. a CJIEWETT & CO:S PUBLICATIONS.~~

~~Harkness's Latin Grammar.~~

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~~aim of the author seems to be !~~

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~~: 'I 11 .a the execution of tbe work very much. Its matter and h admirable. 1 shall be greatly disappointed if it does not at o~~

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~~From Prof. J. J. STANTON, Bates College. trod.iced Harkness's Grammar into this Institution. It is much mort~~

~~1 ' than any of its rivals.~~

~~Mr. WM. J.yioi.FE, Priv : all the inco; ^rnm-~~

~~>1 like mine, \ the adoptioii~~

~~: : ile."~~

~~I-tow T-Tr. I* K. WII.LISTCN, Principal I.<~~

~~s work a decided advance upon the Grammar now In~~

~~From Mi: I). B. HAG EH, Princ. Eliol pinion, byj<> It r, markably co ' 1~~

~~i \\ will I).-,. rhif- school University of Toronto~~

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" This work is i cbolarly, and emt t will appear in 01 From Mr. DO NOT "This isnotonlj C\2 ?bool -books that I jy, and am much CD REMOVE From !V CN2 ily in m dgmeut THE From 41 The longer I us \ -Hence. Its me CARD Vrom Messrs. S. "An experience ly with confidence FROM 0) From Mr. C. B. ,-Q "The practical sctations.'' THIS Fr S " (tt Harkness^ ca iphical in its n 0); POCKET 4

~~troduce it aft one~~

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~~Latin JxT; u.~~

~~From Mr. C. C. CHASE. Principal of Lowell Iflf/h K-7.no!.. Rarkness's Grammar is, in to my opinion, admirably adapted make the stti.ly i language agreeable and interesting."~~

From Mr. J. KIMBALL, High School, Dorchtster, Mass. ideal of what is my desirable in every grammar, to wit: compression of iples in terse definitions and statements, for ready rise; and fuluess of rranjj d for rcfVr