BASELINE ANALYSIS

REPORT

SPATIAL LAND USE PLAN OF DISTRICT

Prepared by

Geo Spatial Solution Palm Height, In front of SUM Hospital Sub Plot-3 &32, Ghatikia, -751003

Submitted to

GIZ Office , 46 Paschimi Marg Vasant Vihar, -110057 2018

CONTENTS

Sl. No Topic Page No 1 Introduction 5-8 1.1 Development Profile of Odisha

1.2 Odisha’s Sustainable Development Approach through district Spatial plan

1.3 Necessity of a integrated district spatial land use plan approach for holistic

2 Objective & Methodology 8-9

2.1 Context and background of the Project

2.2 Principal Objective and Scope of the Study

2.3 Methodology of the Study 3 Base line study & Assessment of Existing scenario of the District 10-74

3.1 Base line survey its background and context

3.2 Location of the study area

3.3 Administrative set-up of Odisha & Ganjam

3.4 Regional linkages

3.5 Analysis of settlement hierarchy and growth nodes

3.6 Physiography

3.7 Soil and geology

3.8 Climate

3.9 Demographic profile

3.10 Economic profile

3.11 Resource base

3.12 Human development Profile

3.13 Analysis of exiting Landuse

3.14 Public-Private Land Ownership and Land Valuation

4 Sectoral economies 74-138

4.1 Agriculture 4.2 Livestock

4.3 Industry

4.4 Tourism

4.5 Minning

1 4.6 Fishery

4.5 Coomerce

4.8 Education

4.9 Health

4.10 Drinking Water

4.11 Forest ,Ecology and Environment

4.12 Energy, Power and Telecommunication

4.13 Disaster, Housing and Migration

4.14 Tribal area and Social infrastructure profile

4.15 Institutional and administrative structure 4.16 Odisha State Policies/ Development Programmes/ Vision/ Goals 4.17 Development programmes/Schemes/Plans 5 Summary and findings of base line survey 138-152

6 References 152-155

7 Appendix 155-224

2 Tables

Table -1 Distribution of urban population in different towns of Ganjam as per 2011 census Table-2 Percentage of Urban population in District of Odisha-Census 2011 Table-3 Growth of urban population in Odisha and Ganjam district-1951 to 2011 Table-4 Urban Population in Blocks of Ganjam District-2011 Table-5 Growth of Population in different Towns of Ganjam District 1991-2011 Table-6 Rural Settlements of Ganjam district by blocks Table-7 Distributions of Villages by size of Population in Ganjam District Table-8 Growth nodes of Ganjam district Table-9 Area and Population of Ganjam district by blocks Table-9 (a) Block wise male and female population in Ganjam district. Table-10 Population Growth of Ganjam District and Odisha during 1901- 2011 Table-11 Comparative Picture of Population growth of Districts of Odisha during 1991- 2011 Table-12 Population distribution by religion of Ganjam district and odisha-2011 Table-13 Scheduled Castes and Scheduled tribe Population of Ganjam by blocks -2011 Table-14 Scheduled Caste and Scheduled tribe population by districts of Odisha-2011 Table-15 Sex ratio of Ganjam district by blocks-2011 Table-16 Sex ratio by districts of Odisha-2011 Table-17 Age and sex structure of Ganjam district 2011 Table-18 Literacy level by district of Odisha-2011 Table-19 Literacy Level of Ganjam district by blocks in percentage -2011 Table-20 Work participation rate of Ganjam district 1971 -2011 Table-21 Types of workers in Ganjam District 1971 -2011(in percent) Table-22 Block wise worker’s participation rate in Ganjam district- 1991 -2011 Table-23 Blockwise percentage of Total workers, Main workers and Marginal workers to Total Population in Ganjam District-2011 Table-24 Blockwise percentage distribution of sectoral Workers to Total Worker in Ganjam 1991-2011 Table-25 Sector-wise change in gross domestic product of Ganajm District (2004-05 prices) Table-26 Sector-wise growth rates of GDDP, 2005-06, 2009-10, (2004-05 prices) Table-27 Gross and Net District Domestic Product in Ganjam 2004-05 to 2009-10 (2004-05 prices) Table-28 Human Development Indicators of Ganjam District -2013 (2) Table-29 Block wise existing land use & land cover pattern of ganjam district -2015 Table-30 Block wise existing land use & land cover pattern of ganjam district -2015(area in %) Table-31 Land area not suitable for development of Ganjam District -2015 Table-32 Availability of Govt. land and Private land in Ganjam District Table-33 Classification of forest area of Ganjam District – 2015 Table-34 Odisha District wise Precipitation Table-35 Catchment area of river basin of Rusikulya and other basins of Odisha Table-36 Average annual run-off - Basin of Rusikulya River and other basins of Odisha Table-37 Block wise ground water potential and its use Table-38 Blockwise gross cropped area, net area sown, cropping intensity and area sown more than Once of Ganjam district -2016 Table-39 Growth trend of net shown area in the district Table-40 Cultivated area under different crops of Ganjam district – 2016 Table-41 Yield rate and production of different crops of Ganjam district-2015 Table-42 Source wise irrigation potential of Ganjam District-2014 (area in hectares) Table-43 Block wise irrigation potential of Ganjam District Table-44 Consumption of fertiliser in the Ganjam district 2015 Table-45 Block wise live stock (large) of Ganjam district 2016 Table-46 Block wise live stock (small) of Ganjam district-2016

3 Table-47 Industrial Scenario of Ganjam District 2013 Table-48 Industrial Sites Developed By Idco In Ganjam District 2013 Table-49 Growth of Industrial Registration Industrial of Ganjam District 1984 -2012 Table-50 Details of exiting Micro and small Artisan Enterprises in the district 2015 Table-51 Important Tourist Place of Ganjam District 2015 Table-52 Connectivity status of Important Tourist Place of Ganjam District 2015 Table-53 Development Programme of Important Tourist Places of Ganjam District 2015. Table-54 Mineral Resources of the Ganjam District 2015 Table-55 Mineral Resources of Odisha Table-56 Production of Fishery in Blocks of Ganjam District-2015 Table-57 Co-Operative Structure of Ganjam District-2013-14 Table-58 Activities of Primary Agricultural Credit Co-Operative Societies in Different Blocks Table-59 Activities of Primary Non Agricultural Credit Co-Operative Societies in Different block 2013-14. Table-60 Activities of Primary Non-agricultural Credit Co-Operative Societies in Different Urban Areas Table- 61 Marketing Co-Operative Societies in Different Blocks. Table- 62 Marketing Co-Operative Societies in Different Urban Areas. Table-63 Number of Educational Intuition of Ganjam District 2014-15 Table-64 Accessibility of Primary Schools in Ganjam District-2008-2009 Table-65 Number of Secondary Schools in Ganjam District in Different Blocks -2007 Table-66 Number Secondary Schools of Ganjam District in Different Urban Areas -2007 Table-67 Colleges of Ganjam District -2007 Table-68 Colleges of Ganjam District in Different Blocks -2007 Table-69 Colleges of Ganjam District in Different Urban Areas -2007 Table-70 Block Wise Distribution of Public Health Institution in Ganjam District-2012 Table-71 Block Wise Health Care Resource in Ganjam District-2007 Table-72 Block Wise Health Care Services Accessibility in Rural Areas of Ganjam District-2007 Table-73 Block Wise Percentage of House Hold with Safe Drinking Water and Latrine in Ganjam District –2012 Table-74 Division-Wise Consumption of Electricity in Ganjam District 2013-14 Table-74(A) Division-Wise Consumption of Electricity in Ganjam District 2013-14(continue) Table-75 Postal Net -Working in Different Block area of Ganjam District Table-76 Postal Net -Working in Different Urban area of Ganjam District Table-77 Tele commutation Service in different Block & Urban area of Ganjam District Table-78 Facts of Table-79 Occurrence of Different Type of Natural Calamities from 2012 to 2014 in Ganjam District Table-80 Block wise Production of Paddy Ganjam Table-81 Forest Division Timber and bamboo production and sales Table-82 Block wise Migration data Table- 83 Types of minerals in Ganjam Table-84 Urban Housing status of Ganjam Table-85 Horticulture and other Plantation in Ganjam

4 Graphs

Graph-1 Distribution of Urban Population in different towns of Ganjam as per 2011 Census: Graph-2 Distribution of Urban Population in different towns of Ganjam as per1991, 2001& 2011 Census Graph-3 Decadal Urban Population Growth of Ganjam from 1991 to 2011

5 Maps

Map 1 -Location of Ganjam District in Odisha Map-2 Administrative Map of Ganjam Map-3 Ganjam District & National Transport link Map-4 Road and Rail connectivity of Ganjam district with other districts and urban centers of the State Map-5 Connectivity of the district with industrial corridors of the state Map-6 Connectivity of the district with major mineral resource regions of the state Map- 7 spatial distribution of urban population in 39 towns of Ganjam District Map- 8 District wise urban population of Odisha 2011 Map-9 Composite map Showing urban location, urbanization, agriculture, forest, road and rail net work, population density

Map- 10 Growth Nodes of Ganjam district:

6 ABBREVIATIONS

AAO Assistant Agriculture Officer ABEO Additional Block Education Officer ADMO Additional District Medical Officer

BeMC Municipal Corporation BEO Block Education Officer BPL Below Poverty Line BRC Block Resource Centre BRCC Block Resource centre Coordinator BSNL Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited CADA Command Area Development Authority CD Blocks Community Development Blocks CD Capacity Development CRC Cluster Resource Centre DEO District Education Officer DFO Divisional Forest Officer DI&PRO District Information and Public Relaltion Officer DLC District Level Committee DPC District Project Coordinator DPF Demarcated Protected Forest DRDA District Rural Development Agency FFDA Fish Farmers Development Agency G.O Government Order GDDP Gross District Domestic Product GP Gram Panchayat GSDP Gross State Domestic Product GUTSL Ganjam Urban Transport Services Limited Ha Hecters HS High School IAY Indira Awas Yojana ICT Information Communication Technology ICTC Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre IDCO Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission MDR Major District Roads MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise NAC Notified Area Council

7 NFDB National Fisheries Development Board NFWP National Food for Work Programme NGO Non Government Organisation NHAI National Highway Authority of India NHM National Horticulture Mission NMMS National Means-cum-Merit Scholarship NRSA National Remote Sensing Agency NSDP Net District Domestic Product O.B.C Other Backward Class ODR Other District Roads OSRTC Odisha State Road Transport Corporation PMGSY Pradhan Mantri Grama Sadak Yojana PPP Public Private Partnerships RCCF Regional Chief Conservator of Forest RD Rural Development RF Reserved Forest S.C Scheduled Caste S.E.B.C Socially and Economically Backward Class S.H.G Self Help Group S.N.P Supplementary Nutrition Programme S.T Scheduled Tribe SEZ Special Economic Zone SGRY Sampoorna Grameen Rojgar Yojana SH State Highway SHDP State Highway Development Programme Scheme Sq.Km. Square Kilometer ULB Urban Local Body UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organisation WSHG Women Self Help Groups ZSS Zilla Saksharata Samiti

8 1. Introduction:

Land is crucial for all developmental activities, for natural resources, ecosystem services and for agriculture. Growing population, growing needs and demands for economic development, clean water, food and other products from natural resources, as well as degradation of land and negative environmental impacts are posing increasing pressures to the land resources in many countries of the world. For India, though the seventh largest country in the world, land resource management is becoming very important. India has over 12% of world’s population living on 2.4% of the world’s geographical area. India envisions that infrastructure across the country must expand rapidly. Industrialization, especially in the manufacturing sector, is inevitable and will accelerate. Urbanization is on drastic rise. Agricultural lands are becoming important as livelihood of a significant amount of the country’s population dependant on it. For all these, land is an essential requirement. In addition, the Government also requires land from time to time for a variety of public purposes.

Odisha has made significant achievement in terms of economic growth, poverty reduction and other socio- economic indicators. The developmental targets of Odisha on one hand and the social, cultural and environmental aspects on the other hand demand land. These demands for land could be competing by different sectors for the same land or even conflicting when two land uses coexist in the same area. In the recent years, there has been tremendously increasing pressure on land in Odisha posing challenges for sustainable development. 1.1 Development Profile of Odisha

Development is continuous process. Odisha has made significant development in terms of economic, social and cultural aspect. During 2014-15 Odisha exhibited higher real growth rate than national level in all major economic sectors except in mining, construction, real estate, storage, communication and public administration. During 2014-15 the real growth rate of Odisha was 6.24 percent at 2011-12 constant prices as against 7.24 percent at national level. Odisha’s economy expects a real growth rate of 6.16 percent during 2015-16. Natural shock of severe droughts in 28 districts of the state had influenced the real growth rate of agriculture sector and might be the major reason in limiting the overall growth rate in 2015-16. Following are few achievements;  Odisha’s economic needs to grow faster than the national average over a long period of time in order to catch up with the Nation due to encouraging private sector growth where Odisha has comparative advantages (Tourism, Mineral processing, horticulture, Marine products, high quality rice, handicrafts, etc.). Enhancing the quantity and auality of public investment in human and social capital so that the benefits of income growth are more equitably distributed than in the past. Strenghening integration between regions of the state and with the rest of the world to encourage export, tourism, value addition and use of resource  Odisha’s manufacturing sector real growth rate of 8.31 percent over took India’s manufacturing sector growth rate of 5.53 percent in 2014-15.

9  The real growth rate of electricity, gas, water supply and other utility services sectors and trade, repair, hotel & restaurants shows as 24.18 percent and 10.47 percent respectively  While the mining & quarrying sector shows a negative growth rate -14.74 percent ) during 2014-15.  The per capita real Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) for Odisha at constant (2011-12) market prices expects to touch Rs. 55,116 during 2015-16, an increase by 4.95 percent over 2014-15 and by 17.22 percent over 2011-12. During 2014-15, the per capita income of Odisha registered Rs. 52,516 with 5.23 percent growth over 2013-14.  Below Poverty Line (BPL) population in Odisha has reduced by 7.25 percentage points during the period from 1999-2000 to 2004-05. As per Tendulkar Committee Methodology, poverty has declined at a very faster rate, i.e., by 24.6 percentage points from 57.2 percent in 2004-05 to 32.6 percent in 2011-12

The overall development approach for Odisha focused on the following key areas:

• Agriculture and allied sectors need to perform above national average. • Sustained efforts are needed to mitigate adverse impacts of natural calamities like floods, cyclones and other shocks on Odisha’s economy and people. • Special attention needs to be given to depressed regions, marginalised classes including ST, SC and women to substantially reduce regional, social and gender disparities. • With a view to address the problem of unemployment and under-employment, particularly among educated and uneducated youths, special efforts are required to improve their skills, education and other soft skills to harness opportunities that may come up for them in and outside Odisha as a skilled resource. Also it will help indirectly for the spatial development of the region through involvement in industry, minning and agriculture. • Infrastructure including roads, ports, railways, rural electrification and irrigation facilities need to be augmented and improved adequately. • Special efforts are needed to reduce poverty at a faster rate.

1.2 Necessity of an integrated district Spatial Landuse approach for holistic development: A. District spatial plan is basically a regional plan (region defined by administrative boundary) at a level of abstraction that translates state policies and programmes at sub-state level and guides local level plan preparation and approvals;

B. It is a link between the state and local level (panchayat and ULBs);

C. It sets a long term vision for district that can be visualized on map for easy decision making for land and land use conversion / planning and development by administrators, development authorities, planners and other decision makers;

D. It serves as a tool to make investment-decisions by investors, as a district spatial plan provides alternative locations, availability of land, resources and other infrastructure;

E. It indicates spatial inequalities as well as serves as a potent tool to minimise conflicts by take planning and investment decisions in areas that are lagging and require special attention;

10 F. Local level Plans of panchayats and ULBs, Sub-Plans of Development Priority Zones, shall link/refer to an Integrated District Plan while allocating land uses and infrastructure schemes;

G. Finally, district spatial plan is a Constitutional Obligation under the Article 243ZD of the Constitution (74th Amendment) Act 1992;

2. Objective and Methodology 2.1 Context and background of the Project The Department of H&UD, through Directorate of Town Planning (DTP) Department of R&DM, Government of Odisha, and GIZ have agreed to cooperate for achieving objective of the project, i.e. to strengthen the overall culture of democratic and integrated spatial and land use planning at all levels by enhancing the capacities of state planning institutions in applying standardized land use planning and management instruments by utilising the technical assistance as offered/ provided by GIZ. 2.2 Baseline study Objectives: The broad objective of the baseline study is baseline documentation and analysis The specific objectives of the baseline study are as follows: a) Preparing checklist of data to be collected, stating its relevance for project and get it approved from GIZ experts. b) Secondary data collection visiting different stakeholders as identified in GIZ stakeholder analysis (SHA) at state, district and local offices. Using desk research done by GIZ for the State of Odisha and working on further modifications required for baseline assessment. If any further stakeholder is identified in the process then GIZ needs to be informed for its inclusion in the SHA. c) Mapping of collected data spatially on cadastral maps (available with ORSAC) of Ganjam district and correlating it to state parameters to create a regional setting (including regional linkages, existing land use pattern, growth profile and potential with respect to state and other districts). d) All mapping to be done in Arc GIS (preferably 10.1) format. Any other form of drawing file received as data needs to be converted to Arc GIS format. Also all thematic maps generated for State and district needs to be exported in good quality jpeg legible in 1:50,000 scale for district and 1:4000 to 1:10,000 scale for any local area plan if prepared as demonstration area 2. e) Verification of GIS interpreted maps through discussion with relevant officials in state and district departments wherever necessary. f) The baseline analysis needs to be coherent with and contributory to other work packages of GIZ overall project. g) Referring to existing district plans, district statistical records, district census handbook and other updated census information.

2.3 Methodology of the baseline Study

11 To achieve the above objectives the following methodology has been proposed for baseline data analysis. . The proposed methodology for baseline data anlyis is a two way process, i.e Technical and Participatory approach. The information collection and sharing methodology including interview, participatory consultation, scheduled based information collection and feedback collection. The major data contributors are different departments at state level, district administration and line departments in the overall consultation process. The Opinions of all the stakeholders has been taken for preparing the baseline report for Landuse Planning. The information collected with reference to the guideline issued by Revenue and Disaster Department and Housing and Urban and Development and Panchayati Raj and Drinking water Department, Government of Odisha. The approach is basically consultative and participatory in nature whereas emphasis has been laid upon both qualitative and quantitative dimensions of district situation. In the district Landuse planning process and baseline report preparation, different problems encountered by the team. The main problems were:  Collection of data and adjustment of data gap  Time constraints  Data realibility and discripancy  Data constraints in one of the major problem for this planning process.

Following steps have been adopted for preparation of baseline data analysis for Landuse Planning in Ganjam district.

12

Baseline Data analysis Methodology Flow chart: Time Line

SEP-OCT-2017 NOV-DEC-2017 JAN-FEB-2018

Review document, Checklist Base preparation for Secondary Data Collocation from Map of concerned Department Sect oral Data Draft Final Ganjam Mapping compilati Baseli District analysis Baselin on, gap ne e (Baseline through GIS GIS Data Collocation finding repor report Tools and Data (DTP) and Gap analysis and t

Analysis) –Technical aspect situationa Techniques l analysis and over lying data Participatory and consultative Approach for baseline data capture

nd 2 Stakeholder rd st 3 Stakeholder 1 Stakeholder Consultation at Odisha , JIZ consultation at consultation at Delhi (DTP office, Office district collector Bhubaneswar) Ganjam

13 3. Existing scenario of the District 3.1 Base Line Survey its background and context: It has been widely observed that urban and rural development in India is not communsurating with land use planning and has accrued critical situation in slowing down the process of overall development. Lack of such integrated spatial land use planning has also aggravated conflicts between different socio-economic sectors and has also encouraged unplanned resource utilisation. In order to overcome such anomaly in development and to create a rational form of integrated spatial land use planning DOLR,MORD and GIZ has jointly selected the state of Odisha in show casing the integrated land use planning for bringing over all development for the State. Further, as a case study of the Project, the district of Ganjam of Odisha has been selected for application of the above concept. For going to details of such plan, it is imperative to ascertain the existing developmental issues of the district by undertaking a base line study of the project area. In this context a base line study and assessment of the existing development scenario of Ganjam district of Odisha is undertaken and findings are documented as follows. 3.2 Location of the Study Area: The district Ganjam was constituted on 1st April 1936. The district is named after the Old Township and European fort of Ganjam situated on the northern bank of river Rushikulya which was the head quarter of the District. The district is located in the south - eastern part of Odisha and is situated between 190 4’ to 200 17’ degree North Latitude and 840 7’ to 85012’ degree East Longitude. The district is bounded by district in North, and Khurdha district in East, and in south and in west. Map-1 shows the location of Ganjam district in Odisha. Map 1 -Location of Ganjam District in Odisha

3.3 Administrative Set-up of Odisha and Ganjam:

14 The state of Odisha is subdivided spatially in to a number of districts for administrative purposes. Again each district is further divided into blocks for development purposes and each block comprises of certain Panchayats to establish a perfect continuum of administration with local bodies up to micro level i.e. Villages. For revenue and police administration, each district is further divided into sub divisions and Tahasils for revenue collection. In order to maintain law order situation, each district is also further divided in to police stations. Ultimately, village is the lowest unit of administration, development and maintenance of law and order. The urban areas within the district also play an important role as growth nodes and form part of the urban local bodies for administrative and development purposes. The entire system is coordinated at District level. A look to the State of Odisha indicates that it has 30 districts 58 Subdivisions, 317 Tehasils, 314Blocks, 607 police stations, 6209 Gramapanchayats, 51313 Villages & 111 ULBs. Contrastingly, Ganjam district as per 2011 census consists of 3 Subdivisions, 23 Tehasils, 22 Blocks, 37 police stations, 475 Gramapanchayats and 3212 Villages. There are one municipality and 17 NAC. The district has 13 Assembly Constituencies and 2 parliamentary Constituencies .The Map -2 shows the district, blocks, urban local bodies, Panchayats and villages and important road, rail, port and river systems for reference. Map-2 Administrative Map of Ganjam

3.4 Regional Linkages: Spatially, Ganjam district is located on the south eastern coast of Odisha with forming the eastern boundary of the district. The geographic location of the district accrues special advantage having accessibility within the state and nation. The district is connected with important cities of eastern and central India like , , , and Visakhapatanam, etc through national highway and rail network. Moreover, the district is in close proximity with airports like, Bhubaneswar and that facilitates air connectivity with various part of the nation. The Gopalpur port forms an

15 important marine transport link of the district and establishes an economic link with other national and international ports .However, it is interesting to note that the district is not directly connected with western and northern part of the nation either through road or rail net work (Map-3 ). Map-3 Ganjam District & National Transport link

Besides, it is noticed that Ganjam district is also connected with major cities of Odisha like Bhubaneswar, , Puri, , , Baragada, , , , Bhabanipatana, Anugul and headquarters of other districts either through NH or SH. Moreover, the district is also connected through rail network with, Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Puri, , and Raigada. Map-4 Shows road and rail connectivity of the district with major urban centers and district headquarters of the State. In addition to this, the connectivity of the district with major mineral resource regions & industrial corridors of the state is presented in Map-4 & 5. It is observed that the district is not directly connected with mineral resource region, industrial corroders and urban centers of the state. However important tourist complexes of eastern Odisha are well connected with the district and have high potential for development of tourism in future. Gopalpur port is also strategically located and has higher scope in managing marine transport in future. These locational issues have to be addressed in the future plan for better connectivity, fast economic development and rational utilisation of resources. However, from a broader perspective, the district has good connectivity with other districts, cities /towns and important industrial, commercial, mining, ports; tourist activity centers of the state (see Map-4). Map-4 Road and Rail connectivity of Ganjam district with other districts and urban centers of the State

16

Map-5 Connectivity of the district with industrial corridors of the state

Map-6 Connectivity of the district with major mineral resource regions of the state

17 ` 3.5 Analysis of Settlement Hierarchy and growth Nodes: The total population of the district is distributed in different settlements. For the purpose of analysis, two types of settlements are taken into consideration. They are urban and rural settlements. The urban centers generally refers to population living in cities and towns where as the rural settlements refer to population living in villages of the district. It is observed that the district has 39 towns and 3212 villages. It would be interesting to have a picture of those settlements and their spatial locations for the purpose of this planning exercise and this has been presented as under. Urban settlements: - As per 2011 census, 21.76 % (i.e. 7.68 lakh) of the population of the district live in urban areas. The above urban population is distributed in 39 towns consisting of 1 municipality, 17 Notified area council and 21 census towns. Out of these towns, only one town is having population more than 1 lakh, whereas most of the towns are having population less than 20000. Table 2 and Map-7 Present the spatial distribution of urban population in different towns of the district. It is broadly observed that out of 39 towns, only 4 towns (10. 25%) have population more than 20000 as per2011 census where as 12 towns (30.77%) record population in between 10000 to 20000 populations. Rest 23 towns (58.98%) have population less than 10000 populations. The above classification indicates that even it has relatively higher number of urban settlements the level of urban population remains at low and the district is yet to achieve a dynamic urbanisation process. This is no doubt a major concern for urbanisation in future and requires an appropriate development strategy through spatial land use planning.

Graph-1 Distribution of Urban Population in different towns of Ganjam as per 2011 Census:

18 Distribution of Urban Population in different Towns of Ganjam as per 2011 Census

4,00,000 3,56,598 3,50,000

3,00,000

2,50,000

2,00,000

Numbers 1,50,000

1,00,000

50,000 21,428 20,482 22,027 24,67117,430 16,377 15,366 14,867 2319915176 6,4118,001 6,9825,13711,29710,411 4,855 11,64513,19011,7476,232 13,02213,9657,3615,645 4,9834,2535,0196,0726,0594,458 12,1116,653 8,2587,9934,4017,2217078 0 Agast Arjya Bada Bada Bella Bhabi Bhanj Borig Brah Chhat Chikit Digap Ganja Golab Hinjili Kabis Khali Kodal Kuku Kulla Locha Maku Mun Palur Patha Patra Pitala Purus Ramb Shera Surad Sural Suva Venk Gopal Lalsin Polas Bugu inuag palli gada koda gunth nipur anag am mapu rapur i ahan m andh cut urjya kote( a dakh da pada ndap dama gada r pur otta ha gada a a ni atraip pur g ora da an nda a(Bel ar r(Ber di a nagar Khalli andi ur rai mpur ur agunt hamp (Kabi kote) ha) ur) surya nagar )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Population as per 2011 Census 6,411 8,001 21,42 6,982 5,137 11,29 10,41 20,48 4,855 3,56, 22,02 11,64 13,19 11,74 6,232 24,67 17,43 13,02 13,96 7,361 5,645 16,37 4,983 4,253 5,019 6,072 6,059 4,458 15,36 12,11 6,653 14,86 8,258 7,993 4,401 7,221 7078 23199 15176

Graph-2 Distribution of Urban Population in different towns of Ganjam as per1991, 2001& 2011 Census

Ganjam Decadal Population 1991-2011

400000

350000

300000

250000

200000

150000 Population Population numberin 100000

50000

0 Badaga Badako Bellagu Bhabini Bhanja Boriga Brahma Chhatra Digapa Ganjam Golaba Hinjilic Kabisur Khaliko Kukuda Kullada Lochap Makun Munda Palurga Pathar Patrapu Pitala Purusot Rambh Sherag Surala Suvani Venkatr Gopalp Lalsing Polasor da danda ntha(Be pur nagar m pur(Bra pur handi ndha ut jyanaga te(Khall khandi ada dapur marai da r tampur a ada aipur ur a lagunth hmapur r(Kabis ikote) a) ) urjyana gar) 1991 8,838 17,122 2,10,4 17,952 10,005 10,032 10,847 17,676 13,938 9,071 10,187 12,904 9,213 13,268 16,854 10664 2001 6,755 5,008 9,962 6,685 19,748 4,412 3,07,7 20,289 10,802 10,890 11,317 21,347 16,094 10,958 12,345 6,456 4,959 4,975 4,205 4,301 5,195 6,165 4,393 14,249 10,716 6,780 14,648 6,675 7,424 6,663 7078 19568 13275 2011 6,982 5,137 11,297 10,411 20,482 4,855 3,56,5 22,027 11,645 13,190 11,747 6,232 24,671 17,430 13,022 13,965 7,361 5,645 16,377 4,983 4,253 5,019 6,072 6,059 4,458 15,366 12,111 6,653 14,867 8,258 7,993 4,401 7,221 23199 15176

Map- 7 spatial distribution of urban population in 39 towns of Ganjam District

19

Level of urbanization:-The level of urbanization (% of population living in different towns) when compared with other districts of the state, it is observed that Ganjam district displays an encouraging picture. Out of total urban population of the state, about 11 % are living in different urban areas of the district. Similarly, as mentioned above, the district has 39 towns as against 238 towns in the state. Barring Cuttack, Khorda, Sambalpur, Jharsuguda and Sundargada districts, Ganjam records 21.76% urban population and occupies 6th position in level of urbanization of the state. Similarly, in the Eastern part of the state, the district records third position in the level of urbanization. As may be seen from the spatial pattern of urbanisation in the state, two major pockets are observed to have higher urban population i.e. one consisting of districts like Jharsuguda, Sambalpur and Sundargada and the other pocket covering district’ like Cuttack, Bhubaneswar and Ganjam. Hence, from the point of urbanisation, Ganjam district has a special position in the state. Since, urbanisation is considered as the engines of economic development, higher urban population characterizes higher economic development. In this regard, Ganjam district has scope for better economic development in the state. The level of urbanisation in different districts of the state as per 2011 census is presented in the table -2 and Map-7. The level of urbanisation among different blocks of the district is also studied to assess the urbanisation pattern at micro level. It is noticed that out of 22 blocks, only block has more than 20.0% urbanisation. On the other hand, Kabisurjyanagar, , and Jagannathprasad & have urbanisation level in-between 15 to 20%. Most interestingly, blocks like Buguda, , Chikiti, , Beguniapada, Ganjam, and Aska & Surada have urbanisation level in between 10 to 15%. Rest of the block has urbanisation level less than 10%. Most interestingly, 6 blocks has no urban population as per 2011 census. When block wise urbanisation level is spatially matched with population density, agricultural activity, forest cover, major road and rail net work, industrial locations interesting features are observed. It is observed that blocks having higher population density,

20 higher area under agricultural land, higher level of road and rail connection, higher number of industrial activity have in general higher urbanisation. This is an important spatial finding resulting to urban activity along with other parameters of development. Contrastingly, blocks having higher area under forest have less urbanisation level. (Map-9) This is an important observation indicating less pressure of development on forest land. Map- 8 District wise urban population of Odisha 2011

Map-9 Composite map Showing urban location, urbanization, agriculture, forest, road and rail net work, population density.

21

Spatial coverage of urban settlements: Considering towns as important growth centers, the spatial coverage of towns of Ganjam district is analyzed. It is observed that as per 2011 census, each town of the district has average population coverage of 90487. Spatially, it is interesting to note that on an average for an area of

210 square km there is one town in the district. This indicates that the district is yet to reach a dynamic urbanisation level. Further, it is also noticed that smaller towns (ie58.98%) dominate the hierarchical order of the urban settlement. Thus it is necessary to plan for a balanced urban growth to accrue faster economic development for the district by taking special action programe for the smaller towns. Population growth of urban settlements: The growth of urban population of the state and the district over time is presented in table 2. It is seen that the urban population of Ganjam district rose from 4.24 lakh in 1991 to 7.76 lakh in 2011.The decadal growth rate was 31.13% during 1991-2001 and 35.26% during 2001 to 2011. Contrastingly, urban population of the state rose from 42 lakhs in the year1991 to 72 lakhs in 2011. This has registered a growth rate of 35.29%during 1991-2001 and 27.27% during 2001- 2011. Thus, the district records a continuous growth of urban population concomitant with the State (Table-3.).The urban population growth in respect of each town of the district is analysed and outlined in table 3.Growth of urban population in different towns vary differently over time. During 2001 and 2011 decade, it is seen that the town Bhabinipur records a high population growth otherwise most of the towns have slow growth rate indicating a low urbanisation trend in different blocks of the district. Graph-3 Decadal Urban Population Growth of Ganjam from 1991 to 2011

22 Decadal Urban Population Growth ( 1991-2011)

400000

350000

300000

250000

200000

150000 Population Population numberin 100000

50000

0 Badaga Badako Bellagu Bhabini Bhanjan Boriga Brahma Chhatra Chikiti Digapa Ganjam Golaba Hinjilicu Kabisurj Khalikot Kodala Kukuda Kullada Lochap Makun Munda Palurga Pathar Patrapu Pitala Purusot Rambh Sheraga Surada Surala Suvani Venkatr Gopalp Lalsing Polasor Buguda da danda ntha(Be pur agar m pur(Bra pur handi ndha t yanagar e(Khalli khandi ada dapur marai da r tampur a da aipur ur a lagunth hmapur (Kabisu kote) a) ) rjyanag ar) 1991 8,838 17,122 2,10,4 17,952 10,005 10,032 10,847 17,676 13,938 9,071 10,187 12,904 9,213 13,268 16,854 10664 2001 6,755 5,008 9,962 6,685 19,748 4,412 3,07,7 20,289 10,802 10,890 11,317 21,347 16,094 10,958 12,345 6,456 4,959 4,975 4,205 4,301 5,195 6,165 4,393 14,249 10,716 6,780 14,648 6,675 7,424 6,663 7078 19568 13275 2011 6,982 5,137 11,297 10,411 20,482 4,855 3,56,5 22,027 11,645 13,190 11,747 6,232 24,671 17,430 13,022 13,965 7,361 5,645 16,377 4,983 4,253 5,019 6,072 6,059 4,458 15,366 12,111 6,653 14,867 8,258 7,993 4,401 7,221 23199 15176 Grapah-4 Decadal Population Growth in percentage (Ganjam)

Urban Population Growth (%) in Ganjam 2001 -2011 60 55.74 50 46.28 40

30 23.72 21.12 20.77 20.8 21.18 20 18.84 18.15 16.48 16.69 16.88 16.31 16.1 15.34 15.86 15.57 15.47 14.48 13.4 12.72 13.02 13.12 14.02 13.83 13.02 10 10.04 10.42 10.4 Growth in in GrowthPercentage 7.106 8.57 7.8 7.97 8.55 8.3 7.84 7.66 8.37 4.33 3 3.32 3.36 2.58 3.72 3.8 0 0.16 1.14 1.48 1.5 0 -1.72 -1.87

-10 Kabi Bella Brah surjy Khali gunt map anag Kuk Puru Ven Agas Arjy Bad Bad Bha Bha Chh Diga Gola kote Loch Mak Mun Palu Sher Gop Asik ha(B Bori ur(B Chiki Ganj Hinji ar(K Kod udak Kulla Path Patr Pital sott Ram Sura Sura Suva katr Lalsi Pola Bug tinu apall agad akod bini njan atra paha ban (Kha apad und dam rgad agad alpu a elag gam rah ti am licut abis ala han da ar apur a amp bha da la ni aipu ng sora uda agan i a anda pur agar pur ndi dha llikot a apur arai a a r unth map urjy di ur r e) a) ur) anag ar) 1991-2001 0 7.1 12. 15. 46. 13 7.9 8.5 4.3 20. 15. 20. 21. 10. 16. 10. 16. 2001-2011 16. 3 3.3 3.3 2.5 13. 55. 3.7 10 15. 8.5 7.8 21. 3.8 15. 8.3 18. 13. 14 13. 0.1 1.1 16. 16. -1. 1.4 7.8 13 -1. 1.5 23. 7.6 8.3 18. 14. In the above graph it shows that in two cities, where urban population growth is in negative. i.e and Shergada. Graph-5: Blockwise Percentage of Urban Population to Total Population

Blockwise Percent of Urban population to total population

25

20

15

Percentage 10

5

0 Hinjili Kabis Shera Bugu Polas Jagan Bhanj Kuku Rang Chikit Patra Purus Begu Chha Khali Ganja Aska Dhar Surad Belag Sana Digap cut urjya gada da ara nath anag dakh eilun i pur otta niapa trapu kote m akote a unth khem ahan nagar prasa ar andi da mpur da r a undi di d Percent of Urban population To total population 22.45 15.24 0 13.28 17.32 18.78 14.75 0 0 11.13 0 10.73 10.41 16.22 7.69 13.17 14.86 0 10.36 9.95 0 8.88 Graph-6: Urban Population of Odisha

23 Urban population of Odisha 80 70 70 60 55 50 40 42 Lakhs 30 31 Urban population of Odisha in lakh 20 18 10 11 6 0 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Decades Graph- 7 Decadal Urban Population Growth rate in odisha

Decadal Urban Population Growth rate in Odisha 90 83.33 80

70 72.22 63.63 60

50

40

Percentage 35.48 Decadal Growth rate in % 30 30.95 27.27 20

10

0 0 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Decade

Rural settlements: As per 2011 census, 78.24 %( i.e. 27.61 lakh) of population of the district are living in rural areas in 3212 villages. The distribution of villages by block in the district is presented in table - 6. Generally, the villages are spatially distributed depending on the availability of communication route and water source. Blocks like Patrapur, Sorada, , and Khalikote have relatively higher number of villages and also the population in these blocks is comparatively higher than that of the other blocks. The spatial comparison of rural settlements with other aspects like population density, agricultural land, industry location, forest land, water bodies etc indicates that the rural settlements are more concentrated where there is good agricultural land in combination with other development factors. Spatial coverage of Rural settlements: As mentioned above, the district has 3212 revenue villages with a population of 27.61lakhs as per 2011 census and spreads over 8206 Sq Km. Thus, on an average, a revenue village has an area of 2.55 sq km and 1098 population. On the other hand, for each 10 sq km of area there are 4 villages in the district. It means that the spatial intensity of distribution of villages is relatively at higher side and constitutes a favorable situation for integrated spatial planning. The distribution of villages by size, as per 2011 census, reveals that there are only 83 villages having above 4000 population,313 villages having a population between 2001 to 4000, 645 villages having a population between 1001 to 2000, 580 villages having a population between 500 to 1000 and 1191villages having a population less than 500. This distribution of population

24 indicates that higher number of villages have population less than 1000. Thus, the spatial development plan should consider these factors for integrated spatial district plan with respect to spatial settlement distribution. Graph-8 Ganjam District inhabited and un-habited villages

Ganjam District Inhabited and Un-habited Villages

400 355 350 298 300 283 248 250 232 226 201 204 200 182 163 167 159 Number 149 137144 137 143 138 142 150 131 125 124 115 102109 108 92 99 99 94 97 95 89 90 88 89 83 100 76 80 74 74 79 51 52 52 59 57 38 50 28 27 35 12 10 14 17 13 7 1 7 7 4 0 6 0 3 4 0 Aska Begunia Belagunt Bhanjan Buguda Chhatra Chikiti Dharako Digapah Ganjam Hinjilicut Jagannat Kabisury Khalikot Kukudak Patrapur Polasara Purusott Rangailu Sanakhe Sheraga Sorada pada ha agar pur te andi hprasad anagar e handi ampur nda mundi da Inhabited 102 131 89 137 92 76 125 163 204 88 52 143 74 167 89 298 124 94 79 142 95 248 Un-Habited 7 51 1 7 7 4 12 38 28 27 0 6 0 59 10 57 14 3 4 17 13 35 Total 109 182 90 144 99 80 137 201 232 115 52 149 74 226 99 355 138 97 83 159 108 283 Graph-9 Villages as per Population size

Villages as per Population Size

1191 1200

1000

800 645 580 600 313 400

Number Villages of 200 83

0 <500 501 - 1000 1001 - 2000 2001 - 4000 > 4000 No. of Villages 1191 580 645 313 83

Growth nodes: Growth nodes operate in a manner to inject development inputs to the entire district so that a balanced development is achieved. In order to assess the current scenario, it is pertinent to select the existing growth nodes and assess their operational potentiality for the future development of the district. The growth nodes are selected based on following criteria. The selected growth nodes are assigned a score of weight to assess their hierchichy as per the following score model.  Urban clusters  Industrial centers  Administrative headquarters  Market/ commercial centers  Centre of higher education  Tourist centers  Port towns  Major Health centers

25  Major transport junction  Other important service centers (i.e Bank, Post office, Telephone, Agriculture credit society, PDS system) The growth nodes thus selected are presented in Map-7 for further selection of local area planning. In order to measure the Hierarchy of growth nodes and urban center a weightage method is adopted as per the following.

26 Weightage of growth nodes and urban center of the district

Sl. No. Functional Character Weightage scale Score award

5000 TO 20000 2.5 20000 TO 50000 5.0 1 URBAN CLUSTER 50000 TO 100000 7.25 100000+ 10 Large scale industry 10.00 Medium scale industry 7.25 2 INDUSTRY Small scale industry 5.25 House hold 2.5 District Head Quarter 10 Sub Divisional Head Quarter 7.25 3 ADMINISTRATION Block 5.0 Panchayat 2.5 Wholesale Market 10 4 MARKET Medium Market 6.0 Local Market 3.0 College / Technical College 10 CENTER OF HIGHER 5 Secondary Education 6.0 EDUCATION Technical Education 3.0 Highly Importance 10 Medium Importance 7.25 6 TOURIST CENTER Low Importance 5.0 Lower Importance 2.5 ADJUSTMENT TO PORT 7 10 TOWN District Level Hospital 10 C.H.C 10 8 HEALTH CENTER P.H.C 10 Dispensary 2.5 NH / RAILWAY 10 SH 7.5 9 TRANSPORT JUNCTION DR 5.0 OTHER important road 2.5 High 10 10 SERVIC CENTERS Medium 6.5 Low 3.5

27 As per the above weightage model, a score is awarded to each growth nodes/urban center for each function. Ultimately, a final score is computed to assess the hierarchy as presented in table 2. Accordingly, a 5 band classification of growth / urban center is made on the basis of their composite score. Calculation of Growth node and City Order: Sl. No Order Score Number of Name of the growth centers Band Growth centers 1 1st Order 55+ 15 (36.58%) Hinjilicut, Gopalpur, Chikiti, Rangeilunda, Chatrapur, Ganjam, , Beguniapada, Polasara, , , Sanakhemundi, Sorada, Bhanjanagar, Bellaguntha

2 2nd Order 45-55 7 (17.07%) Patrapur, Purusottampur, , Seragad, Digapahandi, Jagannathprasad, Buguda 3 3rd Order 35-45 2 (4.88%) Athagada Patana, Lochapada 4 4th Order 25-35 7 (17.07%) Girisola, Athagada Patana, Mantridi, Mahurikalua, Chilika (), Pitala, Lochapada 5 5th Order 15-25 10 (24.40%) Pati Sonapur, Ujjaleswar Ghodahad Dam, Antarapada, Taratarini, Taptapani, Narayani, , Mundamarai, Pathar

Total - - 41(100.00%) 41

Graph-10 Growth Node Calculation with weightage method

28 Growth Node calculation with weitage mehod

16 15

14

12

10 10

8

Number 7 7

6

4

2 2

0 Hinjili Gopal Chikiti Range Chatr Ganja Khalli Begun Polasa Dhara Kukud Sanak Sorad Bhanj Bellag Patra Purus Kabis Serag Digap Jagan Bugud Athag Locha Girisol Mantr Mahu Chilik Pitala, Locha Pati Mund Patha Ujjale Antar Tarata Tapta Naray Jauga cut pur ilunda apur m kote iapad ra kote akhan hemu a anaga untha pur ottam uryan ad ahand nathp a ada pada a, Athag idi, rikalu a pada Sonap amara r swar apada rini, pani, ani, da, Badag a di ndi r pur agar i rasad Patan ada a, (Ramb ur, i, Ghod , ada a Patan ha), ahad a, Dam, Above 55 45-55 35-45 25-35 15-25 1st Order 2nd Order 3rd Order 4th Order 5th Order No of growth centers 15 7 2 7 10

Map- 10 Growth Nodes of Ganjam district:

From the above computation, it is noticed that there are 15 growth nodes (36.58%) under 1st order, 7 growth nodes (17.07%) under 2nd order, 2 growth nodes (4.88%) under 3rd order, 7 growth nodes(17.07%) under 4th order and 10 growth nodes(24.40%) under 5th Order. When spatial distributions of the above growth nodes are assessed, it is found that most of them are approached either by NH or SH or located in administrative centers. About 13 growth nodes are important tourist centers of the district. Similarly, about growths nodes are towns/ urban centers of the district. From this, it is inferred that the growth nodes are primarily influenced by tertiary sectors of the economy of the district. Thus, these growth nodes shall play major role in shaping the spatio- economic development of the district and shall act as vital point for investment of all sectors of economy. It will also bring further change in the profile of land use of the district in positive direction. These aspects shall be considered while preparing land use planning for the district.

29

3.6 Physiography:

Ganjam district is broadly divided into two divisions, the coastal plains area in the east and hill and table lands in the west. The Eastern Ghats run along the western side of the district. The plains lie between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. Since the hills are close to the sea, the rivers flowing from hills are not very long and are subject to sudden floods. The plains are narrow because of the absence of big rivers. The coastal plains in the east contain more fertile and irrigated lands. Towards the centre and south it is hilly with beautiful well watered valley. The south eastern portion is fertile. The extreme north east is occupied by a portion of the famous Chilika Lake. The major geomorphic form of the district elaborately contains the features like - Structural hills, denudation hills, residual hills, inselbergs, linear ridges, pediments, intermontane valleys, buried pediments, flood plains, coastal plains, sand dunes, mud flats etc A brief description of the major hydro geomorphic units as referred in the Ground water information booklet of Ministry of Ground water Board, SER, Bhubaneswar 2013 given below: Denudational Hills: These are group of massive hill ranges interspersed with intermontane valleys. Compositionally, these hills are Granite Gneisses/ Khondalites or Charnockites and are traversed by fractures and lineaments. Generally, they act as high run off zones. Deeper aquifers in this unit are controlled by fractures/ lineaments. Structural Hills: These are groups of curvilinear, folded hill ranges. Compositionally these hills consist of Khondalites/ Charnockite suite of rocks and are structurally controlled by complex folding, joints/ fractures. Deeper aquifers are controlled by joints/ fractures. Residual Hills: These units are characterized by massive hill ranges of moderate dimensions and surrounded by gently undulating plains all around. Compositionally these hills are either Granite Gneisses/ Khondalites or Charnockites suite of rock. Ground water potential is poor. Inselberg: These are isolated hills of limited aerial extent, surrounded by plain land all around. Ground water potential is poor. Intermontane Valley: These are almost flat valleys, surrounded by hill all around. Owing to their topographic disposition these units are highly favourable locii for ground water occurrence. Gorge: This is an isolated feature of very limited aerial extent and present near the Barada-Munishipentha village. Valley Fill: These units are interspersed within hill ranges and are of very limited aerial extent. Since these are mostly made up of unconsolidated sediments, their ground water potential is usually good to excellent. Weathered Buried Pediments: These units are characterized by presence of relatively thicker alluvial, colluvial or weathered materials. Depending upon the thickness and depth of the buried materials they can be broadly classified as Shallow (Depth 0-5m), Moderate (Depth 5-20m) and Deep (Depth more than 20m). These units are developed either on granite gneisses or Khondalites/ Charnockites suite of rocks. Depending on the thickness and depth of the unconsolidated material, the ground water potential is moderate to good. Pediment: These are massive to well foliated, highly folded and faulted, broad, gently sloping rock floor covered with a thin veneer of weathered material. Ground water occurrence is poor to good, depending on the presence of fracture/ lineaments.

30 Flood Plains: These are narrow stretches of alluvium occurring along river course. Ground water potential is usually very good, depending on the presence and amount of the porous and permeable sediment. Slope analysis: The area maintains a general slope towards the coast. However, the slopes of all categories of hills vary from 15% to 35%, whereas pediments vary from 3 to 15%. All the weathered units (Buried pediments and pediplains), flood plains show slope of less than 3%. The slope of coastal plain is around 1%. 3.7 Soil and Geology:

The district contains fertile lands. The east and north frontiers of coastal plains are covered with thick forests, mostly containing Sal wood. Towards the centre and south, it is hilly with fertile valleys extending towards the sea. The south eastern portion is also fertile and contains vast multi cropped areas. The extreme south-east is occupied by a portion of Chilika Lake, the largest fresh/saline water lake of Asia. Its immediate vicinity is good for fishery and salt manufacture. Map 11 & 12 depict soil and geology map of Ganjam. Map-11 Soil Map of Ganjam District

Broadly, soil features of the district can be divided into two parts namely, the coastal plains in the East and the hills and table land in the West. While the former is fertile and close to irrigation sources, the latter is rocky and lacks irrigation facilities. The plains lying between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal are narrow. Since the hills are close to the sea, the rivers flowing from hills are not very long and are subject to sudden flood. The rock pattern of Ganjam district indicates that there are brown and laterites, Gondwanas, Cuddapah, newer Dolerites and Archus comprising of igneous metamorphic rocks. The chief rock types are Khandalite, Granitoieo and Granitifrious. Generally the soil of Ganjam has three types; Sandy loam (yellow), Clay loam (alluvial) and Latraitie (red). (See Map 11)

Ganjam has total geographical area of 8206.00 sq.km having forest area of 3149.9 sq.km (38.88%) and total cultivable area of 434000 ha(4340sq .km 52.89% ) The permanent pasture and grazing land comprises 20,000 ha.(200sq .km 2.44%) area out of the total area. The barren and un-cultivable waste land comprises 37,000 ha(370 sq km 4.51%) area and total fallow land comprises 28,000 ha(280 sqkm 3.41%) of area.

District Overview

31 Sl .No Feature Unit Value 1 Geographical area Sq.Km 8206 2 Total Population Lakh 31.61 3 Sub-divisions No 3 4 Blocks No 22 5 RI Circles No 198 6 No of Tahasils No 14 7 Revenue villages No 3229 8 Gram Panchayats (Village No 475 Councils) 9 Municipal Coporation No 1 10 NAC No 17 11 Length of road network Km 3455.57 12 Length of rail network Km 85.64 13 Rivers No 4 14 Water bodies No 1761 15 Irrigated agriculture Hectares(Lakh) 2.83 16 Rain fed agriculture Hectares(Lakh) 381 17 Wasteland Hectares(,000 ha) 20 18 Forests Sq.Km (lakh) 3.15 19 Major and medium dams No 11 20 Large and medium industries No 2 21 Normal Rainfall (MM) 1295.6 22 Density of population as per Km 385 Sq Source: District Statistical hand book 2015, www.ganjam.nic.in

Map-12 Geology Map of Ganjam District

32

Ganjam is very rich in natural resources like abrasives and grinding materials, limestone (kankar), manganese, monazite, sand and talc. Garnetiferous granitic gnashes and charanokites are used for manufacturing of grinding stones in the district. White clay deposits are also found in different areas of the district. Above map depicts block and GP wise different types of mineral concentration in the district. Types of Minerals in Ganjam District

Graph-11 Blockwise types of Minerals in Ganjam

33 Blockwise Types of Minerals in Ganjam

600

500

400

Minerals In Ganjam District (Area in SqKm) Gn Granetiferous Gneiss 16.890512 5.087459 6.486174 603.744089 19.874164 300 Minerals In Ganjam District (Area in SqKm) Ka Quartz-garnet-sillmanateschist - Unit 30.860849 1.528635 22.402738 38.832942 Minerals In Ganjam District (Area in SqKm) Kb Quarzite - 0.000039 1.528635 0.216356 38.832942 Minerals In Ganjam District (Area in SqKm) Kc Calc-silicate rock - 0.045571 1.528635 200 0.216356 38.832942 Minerals In Ganjam District (Area in SqKm) Kd Kodurlte - - - - -

Minerals In Ganjam District (Area in SqKm) Ptqp Quartzvein and Pegmatite - - - - - 100 Minerals In Ganjam District (Area in SqKm) Q Soil Cover 176.780643 217.928307 208.449702 59.572717 335.058326 Minerals In Ganjam District (Area in SqKm) Q2 Beach sand and sand dunes - - - - -

0 0.23151 ------0.898142 - - - 0.858102 - - -

- - - - 7.556432 - - - 66.932104 ------

1.632621 1.215074 0.242993 0.114907 9.46072

0.771014 11.096849 75.920311 42.318911 - 0.739711 152.93563 20.966779 2.461471 28.111477 124.176656 25.921175 20.705942 0.678098 64.521586 20.449391 108.947179

- - - - 2.075504 ------

Chhatrapur Chikiti DharakoteDigapahandi Ganjam HinjilicutJagannathprasadKabisuryanagarKhallikoteKukudakhandi Patrapur PolasaraPurusottampurRangeilundaSanakhemundi Seragad Sorada

Block Name

3.8 Climate: Ganjam district experiences extreme type of climate with hot and dry summer followed by high humid monsoon and chilling winter. The temperature varies between 12.3 degree centigrade to 37.30 degree centigrade. The winter season lasts between December to January. The hot season follows thereafter and continues till May. The monsoon continues from mid June to the end of September. The average annual rainfall in the district is 1276.2 mm. The maximum and minimum relative humidity of the district is observed to be 79% and 75% respectively. Map 13 and 14 depict about rainfall and climate map of Ganjam, where as Map 15, 16, 17 depicts about contour, DEM, watershed map of Ganjam district. Map -13 Climate Map of Ganjam District

34 The district is characterized by similar temperature as particularly observed in the coastal region of the State all through the year. The average annual rain fall of the district is 129.60cms. The rainfall generally increases from the coast towards the interior hilly tracks of the district. This variation of rainfall when compared in respect of each blocks of the district, it is noticed that blocks like Bellaguntha has relatively higher rainfall followed by blocks like Bhanjanaga, Khalikote, Beguniapada and Patrapur. The blocks having high agricultural land do not get good rainfall and hence there is a demand for better irrigation facility in those blocks. This deficiency is influenced by particular contour and position of hills that creates micro rain shadow areas in the district. The relative humidity is high throughout the year as specifically observed in the coastal areas of the State. Winds are fairly strong particularly in coastal regions in summer and monsoon months. Map-14 Rainfall Map of Ganjam District

Map-15 Contour Map of Ganjam District

35

Map-16 DEM Map of Ganjam

36 Map-17 Watershed Map of Ganjam

Map-18 Micro watershed with contour

37 The details of watershed area analysis and its impact on future land use cannot be analysed without having a map base area information and detail contours. However, a detail analysis of the catchment area of River Rusikulya is given in water resource chapter.

3.9 Demographic Profile:

Area and population: - The district spreads over 8206 sq km having a population of 35.29 lakhs as per 2011 census. The decennial growth rate of population during 2001 to 2011 is 11.70 % as against 14.05 % growth rate of the state. Considering the area, it occupies 5.27 % of the state territory and constitutes 8.41 % of the total population of the state. The population density of the district is observed to be 430 persons per sq km as against 270 persons per sq km of the state. As mentioned above, there are 22 CD blocks in the district. The CD block wise area distribution and population is shown in graph-12, 13, & 14 to assess the spatial variation of population in the district. As observed, the district is relatively thickly populated in comparison to the state. It is interesting to note that there is a wide spatial variation of population density in the district. Out of the total 22 blocks of the district, 17 blocks show population density below district average. Contrastingly, only 5 blocks show higher population density than the district average. Thus, spatial variation of population density of the district is lopsided. However, all most all blocks have higher population density than the state average. The population density over space of the district is presented in Map-19. Graph-12 Ganjam District Area, Population, total Male and Female and Density Ganjam District Area, Population, Total Male, Female and Density

180000 160000 140000 120000 100000

80000 Numbers 60000 40000 20000 0 Aska Bellagu Bhanjan Buguda Chhatra Chikiti Dharako Digapah Ganjam Hinjilicu Jaganna Kabisury Khalliko Kodala( Kukuda Patrapu Polasara Purusot Rangeil Sanakhe Seragad Sorada ntha agar pur te andi t thprasa anagar te Begunia khandi r tampur unda mundi d pada) Area in Sq.km 203.3 275.3 222.8 739.5 431.6 239.9 259.3 478.7 511.6 238.4 168.9 815.9 168.1 415.1 294.8 547.7 400.6 253.2 260.7 338.7 192.8 974.7 Males 71886 56309 70161 56457 67589 51863 53463 74498 44629 53894 65975 57396 86601 67561 75410 62981 66662 70978 81595 83341 64894 72162 Females 72246 57127 68613 57815 68162 52709 54483 73986 44541 55983 65351 56958 82570 66532 71903 65730 66724 72178 79777 79797 62913 71266 Total 144132 113436 138774 114272 135751 104572 107946 148484 89170 109877 131326 114354 169171 134093 147313 128711 133386 143156 161372 163138 127807 143428 DENSITY 709 623 155 314 436 416 310 174 461 777 140 1006 323 412 500 235 333 565 619 482 663 147

38 Graph-13 Blcokwise Population density Blockwise Population Density Graph 1200

1000 1006

800 777 709 663 600 623 619

565 Number 500 482 436 461 400 416 412 314 310 323 333 DENSITY 235 200 174 155 140 147

0

Block Name

Graph-14 Ganjam district Area with Population density Ganjam District Area and Population Density 1200

1000 1006 974.7

815.9 800 777 739.5 709 663 600 623 619 547.7 565 511.6 500 478.7 461 482

Area and and AreaDensity 436431.6 400 416 412415.1 400.6 338.7 314 310 323 333 275.3 294.8 239.9 259.3 238.4 235 253.2 260.7 200 203.3 222.8 174 168.9 168.1 192.8 155 140 147

0 Jaganna Kodala( Bellagu Bhanjan Chhatra Dharak Digapah Hinjilicu Kabisur Khalliko Kukuda Patrapu Polasar Purusot Rangeil Sanakh Aska Buguda Chikiti Ganjam thprasa Begunia Seragad Sorada ntha agar pur ote andi t yanagar te khandi r a tampur unda emundi d pada) Area in Sq.km 203.3 275.3 222.8 739.5 431.6 239.9 259.3 478.7 511.6 238.4 168.9 815.9 168.1 415.1 294.8 547.7 400.6 253.2 260.7 338.7 192.8 974.7 Population Density 709 623 155 314 436 416 310 174 461 777 140 1006 323 412 500 235 333 565 619 482 663 147

39 Map-19 Block wise Population Density Compared with Agriculture and forest coverage of Ganjam District -2011

The population density map when compared with agriculture and forest area of the district an interesting correlation is observed. The composite map 19 indicates that the density of population of a block is influenced by either forest or agricultural land. Where there is less forest area and high agricultural land the block has higher population density. This spatial variation of population has a positive environmental impact and warrants that this phenomenon should be considered in the future land use planning. In this regard blocks like Hinjilicut, Kabisyryanagar, Aska, , and Rangeilunda are of worthy of mention in preparation of local area plan to get micro detail for district land use planning. Population Growth: - It is observed that the growth of population of the district during the above period is not at all steady and had shown a fluctuating trend. However, the population of the district grew from 9.57 lakhs in the year1901 to 35.29 lakhs in the year 2011.Interestingly; the population of the district is growing positively from 1961 to 2011. Coincidentally, the population growth of Odisha also shows same trend from 1961 to 2011. But the population growth trend of Ganjam district remains at lower side in comparison to growth rate of the state during same period. The growth of population during last decades (i.e. 1901 to 2011) is presented in graph–15. A comparative analysis of population growth of all the districts of Odisha from 1991 to 2011 is presented in Table- 10 to assess the position of Ganjam district in the state. It is seen that along with other districts, the population of Ganjam district is also growing steadily.

Graph-15 Comparison with Odisha Population with Ganajm Population growth

40 Comparision with Odisha Population with Ganjam Population growth in Percentage

450,00,000 41974218

400,00,000 367,06,970

350,00,000 316,59,736

300,00,000 263,70,271 250,00,000

200,00,000 175,48,846 175,48,846 137,67,988 146,45,946 150,00,000 124,91,056 103,02,917 113,78,875 111,58,586

100,00,000 Numbers and percentage 2704056 3160635 3529031 50,00,000 1165908 1308056 1361831 1587461 1944844 2267628 9571230 0 10.44106417211.18 1029623 11.9413.24 10.2212.19 6.38 4.11 19.8216.57 25.0522.51 20.1716.6 20.0619.25 15.9416.88 14.05%11.66 0 -1.94-3.25 -50,00,000 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 Odisha Population 103,02,917 113,78,875 111,58,586 124,91,056 137,67,988 146,45,946 175,48,846 175,48,846 263,70,271 316,59,736 367,06,970 41974218 Odisha Population growth 0 10.44 -1.94 11.94 10.22 6.38 19.82 25.05 20.17 20.06 15.94 14.05% Ganjam Population 957123 1064172 1029623 1165908 1308056 1361831 1587461 1944844 2267628 2704056 3160635 3529031 Ganjam Population Growth 0 11.18 -3.25 13.24 12.19 4.11 16.57 22.51 16.6 19.25 16.88 11.66

Graph-16 District wise decadal Population Growth

District wise Decedal Population Growth 24.99 24.99 25 23.31

21.61 21.15 20.61 19.93 19.39 20 19.02 18.15 18.07 17.98 17.55 17.18 17.02 16.88 16.83 16.85 16.83 16.4 16.34 16.46 15.34 15.12 15.02 15.01 14.62 14.67 15 14.02 14.01 14.1 13.64 13.27 13.32 13.27 12.94 13.26 13.04 13.04 12.56 12.48 12.55 12.61 12.11 11.73 11.8 11.88 11.53 11.36 11.65 11.36 10.62 10.46 10.02 10

Population Population grwthin percentage 7.47

5

0 0 0 0 0 0 Bolangir Balasor Bhadrak Cuttack Deogarh Dhenka Gajapati Ganjam Jagatsin Jharsug Kalahan Kandha Kendrap Keonjha Khurda Malkan Mayurb Nabara Nayagar Nuapad Puri Rayagad Sambal Subarna Sundarg e nal ghpur uda di mal ara r giri hanj ngpur h a a pur pur arh Population growth 1991--2001 0 0 0 11.53 17.55 20.61 14.02 17.02 12.56 14.1 16.88 13.26 17.18 13.27 16.83 24.99 19.39 17.98 21.15 10.46 13.04 15.12 16.4 15.02 13.64 16.34 13.27 16.83 24.99 14.67 Population growth 2001-2011 11.73 23.31 14.62 10.02 18.15 12.94 12.11 14.01 11.8 11.36 11.65 7.47 12.48 12.55 18.07 0 10.62 15.34 19.93 16.85 21.61 13.32 19.02 11.36 15.01 13.04 16.46 11.88 12.61 0 Graph-17 District Wise Population growth of Odisha

District wise Decedal Population of Odisha

40,00,000

35,29,031 35,00,000

31,60,635

30,00,000 27,04,056 26,24,470 25,19,738 25,00,000 23,20,529 23,40,832 22,51,673 22,23,456 20,93,437 20,24,508 20,53,000 20,00,000 18,77,395 18,84,580 18,27,192 18,01,733 18,30,673

Population 16,96,583 16,98,730 16,48,997 16,24,341 15,76,869 15,61,990 15,73,617 15,06,337 15,02,014 15,02,682 14,81,255 14,40,361 13,86,177 15,00,000 13,37,194 13,46,336 13,33,749 13,35,494 13,37,026 13,79,647 12,73,821 13,02,005 13,05,365 12,30,938 12,07,172 11,92,811 11,80,637 12,20,946 11,40,003 11,05,834 11,36,971 11,30,903 11,49,501 10,66,878 10,57,891 10,29,600 10,25,766 10,41,099 9,61,037 9,47,870 9,34,000 9,62,789 9,67,9119,30,476 10,00,000 8,46,700 8,64,516 7,82,647 8,31,1098,09,000 7,33,110 7,13,984 6,48,201 5,77,817 5,79,505 6,13,192 6,10,382 6,10,183 5,18,837 5,14,853 5,46,281 5,04,198 5,30,690 5,41,835 4,41,162 4,54,708 4,46,700 4,69,482 4,76,815 5,00,000 3,73,372 4,22,300 3,17,622 3,12,520 2,34,2382,74,108

0 Angul Bolangi Balasor Bargar Boudh Bhadra Cuttac Deogar Dhenk Gajapa Ganja Jagatsi Jajpur Jharsu Kalaha Kandh Kendra Keonjh Khurda Korapu Malkan Mayur Nabara Nayaga Nuapa Puri Rayaga Sambal Subarn Sundar r e h k k h anal ti m nghpur guda ndi amal para ar t giri bhanj ngpur rh da da pur apur garh Population Census 1991 9,61,0 12,30, 16,96, 12,07, 3,17,6 11,05, 20,53, 2,34,2 9,47,8 4,54,7 27,04, 9,34,0 13,86, 4,46,7 11,30, 5,46,2 11,49, 13,37, 15,02, 10,29, 4,22,3 18,84, 8,46,7 7,82,6 4,69,4 13,05, 7,13,9 8,09,0 4,76,8 15,73, Population Census 2011 12,73, 16,48, 23,20, 14,81, 4,41,1 15,06, 26,24, 3,12,5 11,92, 5,77,8 35,29, 11,36, 18,27, 5,79,5 15,76, 7,33,1 14,40, 18,01, 22,51, 13,79, 6,13,1 25,19, 12,20, 9,62,7 6,10,3 16,98, 9,67,9 10,41, 6,10,1 20,93, Population Census 2001 11,40, 13,37, 20,24, 13,46, 3,73,3 13,33, 23,40, 2,74,1 10,66, 5,18,8 31,60, 10,57, 16,24, 5,14,8 13,35, 6,48,2 13,02, 15,61, 18,77, 11,80, 5,04,1 22,23, 10,25, 8,64,5 5,30,6 15,02, 8,31,1 9,30,4 5,41,8 18,30,

41 Map-20 Block wise SC and ST population of Ganjam District-2011

Scheduled Caste & Scheduled Tribe: According to 2011 census, the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population of the district constitute19.50% and 3.37% respectively. When compared with state situation, it is observed that the percentage of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population of Odisha is 17.10% and 22.8% respectively. It indicates that the district has a lesser tribal population and comparatively higher Scheduled caste population. Thus, the total Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population of the district comes to 22.87% as against 39.9 % in the entire State. The block wise spatial distribution of S.C and S.T population is presented in table table-13, and Map-20. Similarly, the distribution of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population in different districts and the state as per 2011 census is presented in table-14. Graph-18 Odisha district wise SC and ST Population in numbers Odisha SC & ST Population

4000000 3529031 3500000

3000000 2624470 2519738 2500000 2320529 2251673 2093437 1827192 1801733 2000000 1698730 1648997 1576869 14812551506337 1479576 Population 1440361 1379647 1273821 1500000 1192811 1220946 1136971 1062349 962789 967911 1041099 1000000 818878 688235 733110 697583 681173 577817 579505 613192 610382 610183 478586 498633 541905 441162 433387 449456 392820 500000 275678298780281135334896 294777347164 312520 313714 286580 309780 297472 354614 325133 355261 239552179603 234079 248152 176758 209357 196540 184682 177384 206327 191827 191660 104934 93745 110400 162056 118928 151432104620 115544 115051 138295 136399 139514 156219 30428 55364 52112 39175 7862 9484 58691 82159 6129 57192 0 Anugul Balasor Bargarh Bhadrak Bolangir Boudh Cuttack Deogar Dhenka Gajapat Ganjam Jagatsin Jajpur Jharsug Kalahan Kandha Kendra Keonjha Khurda Koraput Malkan Mayurb Nabara Nayagar Nuapar Puri Rayaga Sambal Subarna Sundarg e h nal i ghpur uda di mal para r giri hanj ngpur ha a da pur pur arh Total population 12738212320529148125515063371648997 441162 2624470 312520 1192811 577817 352903111369711827192 579505 1576869 733110 1440361180173322516731379647 613192 25197381220946 962789 610382 1698730 967911 1041099 610183 2093437 S.C Population 239552 478586 298780 334896 294777 104934 498633 52112 234079 39175 688235 248152 433387 104620 286580 115544 309780 209357 297472 196540 138295 184682 177384 136399 82159 325133 139514 191827 156219 191660 S.T population 179603 275678 281135 30428 347164 55364 93745 110400 162056 313714 118928 7862 151432 176758 449456 392820 9484 818878 115051 697583 354614 1479576 681173 58691 206327 6129 541905 355261 57192 1062349

Graph-19 Odisha District wise SC and ST Population in percentage

42 Odisha SC and ST Population

90 80 70 60 50 57.8 53.6 55.8 56 40 50.6 58.7 34.1 Percentage 35.3 54.3 30.5 28.5 45.4 50.7 30 19.9 19 12.5 33.8 9.4 14.1 21.1 13.6 8.3 2 0.7 20 3.6 3.4 0.7 0.4 5.1 6.1 25.6 10 18.8 20.6 20.2 22.2 23.8 19 19.6 19.5 21.8 23.7 21.5 22.6 19.1 17.9 16.7 18.1 18.2 15.8 13.2 14.2 14.5 14.2 13.5 14.4 18.4 6.8 11.6 7.3 9.2 0 Anu Bala Barg Bha Bola Bou Cutt Deo Dhe Gaja Ganj Jaga Jajp Jhar Kala Kand Ken Keo Khur Kora Malk May Nab Nay Nua Puri Raya Sam Suba Sund gul sore arh drak ngir dh ack garh nkan pati am tsing ur sugu han ham drap njha da put angi urbh aran agar para gada balp rnap arga al hpur da di al ara r ri anj gpur ha ur ur rh % of S.T population 14.1 19.9 19 2 21.1 12.5 3.6 35.3 13.6 54.3 3.4 0.7 8.3 30.5 28.5 53.6 0.7 45.4 5.1 50.6 57.8 58.7 55.8 6.1 33.8 0.4 56 34.1 9.4 50.7 % of S.C Population 18.8 20.6 20.2 22.2 17.9 23.8 19 16.7 19.6 6.8 19.5 21.8 23.7 18.1 18.2 15.8 21.5 11.6 13.2 14.2 22.6 7.3 14.5 14.2 13.5 19.1 14.4 18.4 25.6 9.2

Graph-20 Ganjam District SC and ST Population

Ganjam District SC and ST Population

180000

160000

140000

120000

100000

80000 Population

60000

40000

20000

0 Aska Bellag Bhanja Bugud Chhatr Chikiti Dhara Digapa Ganja Hinjilic Jagann Kabisu Khallik Kodala Kukud Patrap Polasa Puruso Rangei Sanak Seraga Sorada untha nagar a apur kote handi m ut athpra ryanag ote (Begun akhan ur ra ttamp lunda hemun d sad ar iapada di ur di ) Total Population 144132 113436 138774 114272 135751 104572 107946 148484 89170 109877 131326 114354 169171 134093 147313 128711 133386 143156 161372 163138 127807 143428 Sc Population 26981 16499 31896 24187 35502 28757 20445 22742 21528 28745 31691 21651 39537 25342 35607 19425 23554 44182 28776 22075 25194 29321 ST Population 952 663 12328 2095 518 3246 8845 9852 452 91 7148 366 6090 4881 7045 17930 3826 252 727 7635 1195 17111

Graph-21 Ganjam District SC and ST Population in percentage Ganjam District SC and ST Population in Percentage

35 30.9 30 27.5 26.2 26.2 24.1 24.1 23.4 24.2 25 23 21.2 20.4 18.7 18.9 18.9 18.9 19.7 20 17.7 17.8 15.3 15.1 14.5 13.9 13.5

15 11.9 Percentage 8.9 8.2 10 6.6 5.4 4.8 4.7 3.1 3.6 3.6 2.9 5 1.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.9 0 Aska Bellag Bhanja Bugud Chhatr Chikiti Dharak Digapa Ganja Hinjilic Jagann Kabisu Khallik Kodala Kukud Patrap Polasa Puruso Rangei Sanakh Seraga Sorada untha nagar a apur ote handi m ut athpra ryanag ote (Begun akhan ur ra ttamp lunda emund d sad ar iapada di ur i ) SC % 18.7 14.5 23 21.2 26.2 27.5 18.9 15.3 24.1 26.2 24.1 18.9 23.4 18.9 24.2 15.1 17.7 30.9 17.8 13.5 19.7 20.4 ST % 0.7 0.6 8.9 1.8 0.4 3.1 8.2 6.6 0.5 0.1 5.4 0.3 3.6 3.6 4.8 13.9 2.9 0.2 0.5 4.7 0.9 11.9

Sex ratio: The population classification by sex is presented by a ratio and has socio-economic and biological impact in the process of development. In case of Ganjam district, it is observed that out of total population there were 17.79 laks males and 17.50 females. The ratio of females per 1000 males is found to be 983 as per 2011 census where as it was 998 in 2001. Thus, the sex ratio has declined during last decades. Moreover, the picture of sex ratio also varies in case of rural and urban areas of the district. During same census year i.e. 2011, the sex

43 ratio is 995 in rural areas and 941 in urban areas. It is noticed that rural area exhibits a better situation than the urban area. It is very interesting to note that the sex ratio in case of S.C and S.T population of the district presents an encouraging picture. The comparative analysis of sex ratio as per 2011 census with respect to different districts of state is presented in table-16. The spatial variation of sex ratio with respect to districts and blocks is presented in table 15 & 16 and Map-21. Graph-22 Odisha Sex Ratio-SC Population

Odisha Sex Ratio-SC Population

3500

3000

1089 1024 1019 1048 1044 2500 991 960 994 973 1027 967 981 1004 1045 995 959 951 970 985 976 964 1019 958 926 964 938 986 965 969 975

2000

1048 1016 1015 1028 1033 1006 1014 1051 Numbers 1500 976 964 986 985 988 1001 959 975 972 986 965 998 993 1004 978 973 1005 953 979 985 958 1006

1000

500 972 965 986 985 987 999 960 978 971 1058 1012 982 965 990 1016 1028 992 1000 963 1031 974 1005 1010 954 1017 978 1050 988 959 987

0 Angul Balas Barga Bhad Bolan Boud Cutta Deog Dhen Gajap Ganja Jagat Jajpu Jhars Kalah Kand Kend Keonj Khur Korap Malk Mayu Naba Naya Nupa Puri Raya Samb Subar Sund ore rh rak gir h ck arh kanal ati m singh r ugud andi hama rapar har da ut angiri rbhan rangp garh ra gada alpur napur argar pur a l a j ur h Urban 951 970 991 985 976 960 964 1019 958 1089 994 926 964 973 1027 1024 967 981 938 1019 986 1004 1045 965 1048 969 1044 995 975 959 Rural 976 964 986 985 988 1001 959 975 972 1048 1016 986 965 998 1015 1028 993 1004 978 1033 973 1005 1006 953 1014 979 1051 985 958 1006 Total 972 965 986 985 987 999 960 978 971 1058 1012 982 965 990 1016 1028 992 1000 963 1031 974 1005 1010 954 1017 978 1050 988 959 987 Graph-23 Odisha Sex Ratio-ST Population

Odisha Sex Ration - ST Population

3500

3000

1120 1056 1024 1022 1001 1071 1009 1046 991 1024 986 1020 1009 2500 953 983 1010 841 943 1014 899 1013 1000 920 977 947 869 807 938 769 878 2000

1093 1066 1060 1070 1067 1054 Number 1014 1025 1017 1032 1020 1026 1032 1016 1018 1500 1001 1003 999 974 981 1006 1003 989 1003 1003 1005 1004 988 945 847

1000

1092 996 1001 1000 981 1013 1023 976 1003 1004 1065 1010 991 1002 1032 1062 997 1017 1068 1065 1025 1033 1012 1054 1001 986 1016 500 860 947 892

0 Angul Balasore Bargarh Bhadrak Bolangir Boudh Cuttack Deogarh Dhenka Gajapati Ganjam Jagatsin Jajpur Jharsug Kalahan Kandha Kendrap Keonjha Khurda Koraput Malkang Mayurb Nabaran Nayagar Nupara Puri Rayagad Sambalp Subarna Sundarg nal ghpur uda di mal ara r iri hanj gpur h a ur pur arh Urban 953 983 1046 1010 991 841 947 943 1014 1024 899 878 1013 1000 1024 1120 920 986 869 1022 1001 1020 1071 807 1009 769 1056 977 938 1009 Rural 1001 1003 999 974 1014 1025 981 1006 1003 1066 1017 847 989 1003 1032 1060 1003 1020 1005 1070 1067 1026 1032 1016 1054 945 1093 1004 988 1018 Total 996 1001 1000 981 1013 1023 976 1003 1004 1065 1010 860 991 1002 1032 1062 997 1017 947 1068 1065 1025 1033 1012 1054 892 1092 1001 986 1016

Graph-24 Ganjam Sex Ratio

44 Ganjam Sex Ratio

1060

1040

1020

1000

980 Numbers 960

940 Sex ratio

920

900

Block Name

Map-21 Block wise sex ratio of Ganjam district - 2011

Population by Age and Sex: The age and sex distribution of population is studied as per 2011 census. It is observed that the percentage of child population in 0 – 6 age group is 9.95%. The young population in age group 6 to 14 is recorded to be 25.08 %. Similarly, population between 15 – 64 age groups constitute78.66%. The share of youth population (15-24 years) in 2011 is observed to be 23.13%. Contrastingly, the old population having age 64 and above is found to be11.25 %. The details of the age sex distribution with respect to both rural and urban areas are presented in table-17.

Graph-25 Ganjam District Age and Sex Ratio-2011

45 Ganjam District Age and Sex Ratio-2011

137688 164197 193395 175074 156689 147178 132753 130814 110114 90629 75064 61340 62893 40585 34377 14862 16896 5265

151302 176095 194554 176966 162910 144184 123501 123112 115127 98706 76524 59861 60743 41144 34262 16246 18452 5529

288990 340292 387949 352040 319599 291362 256254 253926 225241 189335 151588 121201 123636 81729 68639 31108 35348 10794

0-4 May-19 20-24 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+ Age not Stated Females 137688 164197 193395 175074 156689 147178 132753 130814 110114 90629 75064 61340 62893 40585 34377 14862 16896 5265 Males 151302 176095 194554 176966 162910 144184 123501 123112 115127 98706 76524 59861 60743 41144 34262 16246 18452 5529 Persons 288990 340292 387949 352040 319599 291362 256254 253926 225241 189335 151588 121201 123636 81729 68639 31108 35348 10794

Graph-26: Ganjam District Age and sex Ratio-Rural

Ganjam District Age and Sex Ratio-Rural

350000

300000

250000 158507

134910 136811 200000 112120 119183 112567

Numbers 150000 102479 101362 84496 69235 100000 57946 158010 144444 134264 48139 50226 123181 122325 109577 50000 92451 93743 87795 32811 74370 27579 57294 45136 47848 13010 32871 27753 11572 13002 14998 4441 0 4574 0-4 May-19 20-24 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80+ Age not Stated Females 112120 134910 158507 136811 119183 112567 102479 101362 84496 69235 57946 48139 50226 32811 27579 11572 13010 4441 Males 123181 144444 158010 134264 122325 109577 92451 93743 87795 74370 57294 45136 47848 32871 27753 13002 14998 4574

Literacy level: The analysis of literacy level in the district is studied as per 2011 census. It is noticed that the literacy level of the districts is 71.1 percent as against 72.9 percent of the state. The level of literacy in respect of rural and urban areas is recorded as 67.6% and 83.3% respectively. A wide variation in respect male and female literacy is observed in the district. The level of literacy in different blocks is given in table–18 and Map-21. The table-19 presents the literacy levels in the district and state.

Graph-27: Odisha Literacy Rate as per 2011 Census

46 Odisha Literacy Rate as per 2011 Census

100 92.4 89.6 91.1 91.5 91.8 90.8 87 86.2 86.8 86.6 88.2 90 86 83.7 84.4 84.4 83.3 81.9 81 81.6 81 79.6 80.6 79 78.3 75.875.8 76.9 78.1 80 72.3 73.3 71.9 73.8 72 68.6 71 70.7 70.3 67.9 65.5 70 65.4 63 64.4 64 59.8 61.1 60.3 61 58.3 59.1 57.3 60 53.5 51.9 52.7 46.7 50 43.2 44.8 38.6 38.3 39.2 35.8 Percentage 40

30

20

10

0 Angul Balaso Bargar Bhadr Bolang Boudh Cuttac Deoga Dhenk Gajapa Ganja Jagatsi Jajpur Jharsu Kalaha Phulba Kendr Keonjh Khurd Korap Malka Mayur Nawar Nayag Nuapa Puri Rayag Samba Sonep Sundar re h ak ir k rh anal ti m nghpu guda ndi ni apara ar a ut ngir bhanj angpu arh da ada lpur ur garh r r Males 86 87 83.7 89.6 75.8 83.3 91.1 81.9 86.2 64.4 81 92.4 86.8 86.6 71.9 76.9 91.5 78.1 91.8 60.3 59.1 73.8 57.3 88.2 70.3 90.8 61 84.4 84.4 81 Female 68.6 72.3 65.4 75.8 53.5 59.8 79.6 63 71 43.2 61.1 80.6 73.3 70.7 46.7 51.9 79 58.3 81.6 38.6 38.3 52.7 35.8 72 44.8 78.3 39.2 67.9 64 65.5 Graph-28 Odisha Literacy Rate-Rural

Odisha Literacy rate -Rural 100 92.5 90 90.3 90.1 91.4 89.4 90.8 86.7 85.4 86.5 86.5 87.7 84.8 82.8 83.2 82.8 83.5 84.3 85 83 84.2 83.8 80 81.3 80.4 81.8 79.2 77.6 78.5 79.7 78.7 79.8 75.7 76.1 76.5 75.5 75 76.8 76.3 77.3 75.6 73.4 73.8 72.7 72.2 72.6 73.6 70 71.3 70.8 71.7 69.5 70.4 71.1 69.3 66.3 67.6 66.6 66.5 66.6 63.8 63.4 63.1 60 62.1 62 61.2 61.5 61.2 58.8 56.8 57.3 56.7 57.7 56.3 54.1 55 56 56.2 50 50.3 49.9 48.8 50.3 46.1 44.3 42.4 43.9 43.2 44.4 Percentage 40 39.2 36 33 33.5 30 31.3 20 10 0 Jagat Jhars Kend Mayu Nawa Sund Balas Barga Bhad Bolan Boud Cutta Deog Dhen Gaja Ganj Jajpu Kalah Phulb Keonj Khur Kora Malk Naya Nuap Raya Samb Sone Angul singh ugud rapar rbha rang Puri argar ore rh rak gir h ck arh kanal pati am r andi ani har da put angir garh ada gada alpur pur pur a a nj pur h Persons 75.7 79.2 73.4 83.2 62.1 70.8 83.5 71.7 77.6 49.9 67.6 86.5 79.7 75.5 57.3 61.5 85 66.5 83 42.4 46.1 61.2 43.9 79.8 56 84.2 44.4 72.6 73.6 66.6 Males 84.8 86.7 82.8 90.3 73.8 82.8 90.1 81.3 85.4 61.2 78.5 92.5 86.5 84.3 70.4 75 91.4 76.8 89.4 54.1 56.7 72.2 55 87.7 69.3 90.8 56.2 81.8 83.8 75.6 Female 66.3 71.3 63.8 76.1 50.3 58.8 76.5 62 69.5 39.2 56.8 80.4 72.7 66.6 44.3 48.8 78.7 56.3 76.3 31.3 36 50.3 33 71.1 43.2 77.3 33.5 63.4 63.1 57.7

Graph-29: Odisha Literacy Rate-Rural

Odisha Literacy rate-Rural

Persons Males Female 92 90.2 Angul86.8 89.9 85.3 90.7 Sundargarh 100 81 84.7Balasore 91.5 80 80.1 85.8 Sonepur83 Bargarh 79.9 90.3 90 74.9 Sambalpur84.8 84.9Bhadrak 79 80 79.5 73.9 89.8 Rayagada85.6 70 83.4Bolangir 78 76.7 70.4 60 91 93.3 87.4 Puri83.5 86.8Boudh 50 79.9 40 93.7 86.6 87.490.6 79 Cuttack 71.3 30 20

Nayagarh92.987.882.2 10 77.383.4Deogarh89.1 0

70.7 Nawarangpur84.9 77.9 84.9Dhenkanal89.393.3

70.9 77.9 Mayurbhanj80.8 85.1Gajapati 90.885.9

64.9 74.5 76.9 Malkangir83.4 83.3Ganjam 89.3

74.9 Koraput81.8 82.7Jagatsinghpur 88.5 87.3 91.5

81.1 Khurda 70.8 Jajpur 87.5 86 91 78.6 77.2 90.7 94.2 74.5 Keonjhar Jharsuguda 85.8 83.9 81.6 Kendrapara83.7 80.3 Kalahandi 90.1 88.3 88.4 92.6 93.386.8

Graph-30 Blcokwise Literacy Level in Ganjam district

47 Block Wise Literacy level in Ganjam District

86.54 90 84.9 83.61 82.73 81.85 81.98 81.02 83.05 80.65 78.04 77.85 77.52 77.78 77.8 79.67 78 79.83 80 74.79 73.48 72.51 74.57 74.74 74.61 73.83 69.77 70.25 68.83 69.98 71.3 70.2569.41 69.53 69.67 70.4 65.56 65.63 66.12 66.53 68.11 66.27 70 64.89 64.14 63.52 64.12 62.48 63.15 58.3 59.51 59.64 58 58.3 59.28 59.09 58.4759.8559.29 60 53.53 54.07 55.82 54.27 55.24 54.94 50.26 52.12 47.02 47.02 50

40 Percentage 30 20 10 0 Aska Bellagu Bhanja Buguda Chhatr Chikiti Dharak Digapa Ganja Hinjilic Jagann Kabisur Khallik Kodala( Kukuda Patrap Polasar Puruso Rangeil Sanakh Seraga Sorada ntha nagar apur ote handi m ut athpras yanaga ote Beguni khandi ur a ttampu unda emund d ad r apada) r i Persons 74.79 78.04 73.48 72.51 65.56 58.3 64.12 62.48 68.83 69.98 74.61 71.3 66.12 66.53 68.11 58.3 69.41 66.27 69.53 63.15 69.67 59.85 Male 84.9 86.54 82.73 81.85 77.85 70.25 74.57 74.74 81.98 81.02 83.61 83.05 77.52 77.78 77.8 70.25 79.67 78 79.83 73.83 80.65 70.4 Female 64.89 69.77 64.14 63.52 53.53 47.02 54.07 50.26 55.82 59.51 65.63 59.64 54.27 55.24 58 47.02 59.28 54.94 59.09 52.12 58.47 59.29

Map-22 Block wise literacy of Ganjam district – 2011

3.10 Economic Profile of the District

Economic growth is the most basic requirement for reducing poverty and improving quality of life of people. Generating employment is also another factor of development which cannot be avoided in an welfare economy. Besides, Employment is also a key macroeconomic issue in the process of development. Accelerating growth and creating employment opportunities are the goals of economic policy of the State. It is imperative that high employment growth along with high economic growth can succeed in reducing poverty significantly. For formulating an effective strategy to promote employment, analysis of different parameters of employment and unemployment covering the Labor Force Participation Rate, Worker Population Ratio and Proportion of

48 unemployed is essential. Each of these parameters is analyzed below. For this purpose, census information as per 2011 census of the district is taken into account. Worker Population Ratio: The most important parameter of labor force is the Worker Population ratio. It signifies the proportion of workers/ employed persons in the total population for the specific age group. People in the working age (15-65) are categorised as workers and non-workers. The workers are further classified as main workers and marginal workers. Main workers are those who engage themselves in a particular activity for more than 180 days in a year. When an individual’s engagement is less than 180 days in a year, she/he is called a marginal worker. The working people are again categorised as cultivators, agricultural laborers, household industry workers and other workers. Out of the total population in the district, 42.56 percent are workers and 57.44 percent are non-workers as per 2011 census .Children and old people generally belong to the non-workers category. Census 2011 shows that out of the total workers, 59.98 percent are main workers and 40.02 percent are marginal workers. About 18.97 percent are cultivators, 37.65 percent are agricultural labourers, 3.75 percent are household industry workers, and 39.63 percent other workers. Female workers comprise of only 20.27 percent of the total main workers and 54.77 percent of the total marginal workers. Despite the fact that women substantially contribute to household incomes and activities, in many cases, their contribution does not get counted in the GSDP. The situation has, however, been slowly changing in recent years. It is found that the realignment of livelihood activities has pushed up the total workers’ share from 32.54 percent in 1971 to nearly 42.55 percent in 2011.(Table-20).It is further noticed that the percent of cultivators are slowly reducing over the same years and contrastingly the percent of other workers are increasing steadily (Table-21). This work participation varies with respect to male and female population. In case of male population, the percentage of workers was found to be 28.05 and in case of females it is14.51 percentage. Out of total workers, the share of main workers and marginal workers constitute 59.99 & 40 .01 percentages respectively. Most interestingly, the share of workers in agricultural sector constitutes 56.62 % of total worker and plays an important role in providing employment to person in the working age group in the district. The share of workers in house hold industry and other sectors show 3.75 & 39.63 percent respectively. In order to study the spatial variation among the blocks of the district, the workers participation is presented in table-20. The situation has, however, been slowly changing in recent years. It is observed that the as a result of change in livelihood activities there is a progressive change in the total workers’ share from 32.54 percent in 1971 to nearly 42.55 percent in 2011. Work participation rate of Ganjam district 1971 -2011 Sl no Year Work participation rate in % 1 1971 32.54 2 1981 34.83 3 1991 35.02 4 2001 41.32 5 2011 42.56 Source:-District Human Development Report Ganjam-2013

49 Graph-31 work Participation rate of Ganjam District (1971-2011) Work Participation rate of Ganjam District(1971-2011)

41.32 42.56 45 34.83 35.02 40 32.54 35 30 25 20

Percentage 15 10 5 0 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 Year 32.54 34.83 35.02 41.32 42.56

Types of workers in Ganjam District 1971 -2011(in percent)

Sl no Year Cultivators Agricultural Others labourers 1 1971 41.42 32.12 22.33 2 1981 42.16 32.43 21.96 3 1991 38.96 32.94 25.07 4 2001 24.69 38.59 32.92 5 2011 18.97 39.63 37.65 Source:-District Human Development Report, Ganjam-2013

Graph-32 Types of Workers in Ganjam District from 1971-2011

Types of Workers in Ganjam District from 1971-2011

42.16 41.42 39.63 45 38.96 38.59 37.65 40 32.12 32.43 32.94 32.92 35 30 25.07 24.69 22.33 21.96 25 18.97 20

Percentage 15 10 5 0 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 cultivator 41.42 42.16 38.96 24.69 18.97 Agriculture labourer 32.12 32.43 32.94 38.59 39.63 Other 22.33 21.96 25.07 32.92 37.65

From the above trend analysis of types of workers, it is also noticed that there is a decline of 5.72 percentages in the share of cultivators during 2001-2011 decade. However, an overall decline of 22.45 percentage of cultivators is seen over a period of 40 years, i.e., from 1971 to 2011. During the last decade, the share of agricultural workers has also declined from 38.59 percent in 2001 to 37.65 percent in 2011. The share of other workers engaged in various rural and urban activities has substantially gone up from 32.92 percent in 2001 to 39.63 percent in 2011.

Graph-33 Blcokwise Work Participation in Ganjam -1991-2011

50 Blockwise Work Participation in Ganjam -1991-2011 60

50

40

30

Percentage 20

10

0 Beguniap Bellagunt Bhanjana Chhatrap Dharakot Digapaha Jagannat Kavisurjy Kukudakh Purusotta Rangeilun Sanakhe Aska Buguda Chikiti GanjamHinjilicut Khalikote Patrapur Polasara SeragarhSurada ada ha gar ur e ndi hprasad anagar andi mpur da mundi 1991 37.28 43.97 35.91 45.1 39.54 45.11 46.67 40.72 49.04 40.98 40.67 44.92 37.91 40.53 40.79 49.6 38.76 40.59 40.36 41.59 41.04 46.59 2001 39.52 44.77 38.93 42.37 43.67 43.37 48.39 45.54 50.11 39.72 43.42 44.75 41.38 39.39 40 51.99 41.99 43.41 40.22 47.28 43.96 47.81 2011 40.63 39.52 44 45.2 41.83 41.02 47.24 45.85 51.11 41.72 45.21 43.94 43.64 41.96 41.1 49.53 42.53 43.88 42.37 47.98 44.42 49.13

Graph-34 Blockwise work Participation in Ganjam 1991-2011 Blockwise Work Participation in Ganjam -1991-2011

60

50

40

30

Percentage 20

10

0 Aska Begunia Bellagun Bhanjan BugudaChhatra Chikiti Dharako Digapah GanjamHinjilicu Jaganna Kavisurj Khalikot KukudakPatrapur Polasara Purusott Rangeilu Sanakhe SeragarSurada pada tha agar pur te andi t thprasa yanagar e handi ampur nda mundi h d 1991 37.28 43.97 35.91 45.1 39.54 45.11 46.67 40.72 49.04 40.98 40.67 44.92 37.91 40.53 40.79 49.6 38.76 40.59 40.36 41.59 41.04 46.59 2001 39.52 44.77 38.93 42.37 43.67 43.37 48.39 45.54 50.11 39.72 43.42 44.75 41.38 39.39 40 51.99 41.99 43.41 40.22 47.28 43.96 47.81 2011 40.63 39.52 44 45.2 41.83 41.02 47.24 45.85 51.11 41.72 45.21 43.94 43.64 41.96 41.1 49.53 42.53 43.88 42.37 47.98 44.42 49.13

There has been substantial shift of rural labour from agricultural sector to other sector, specifically in Rangeilunda (50.03 percent), Kukudakhandi (44.08 percent), Chhatrapur (40.59 percent) and Chikiti (40.33 percent) blocks. The workforce in the blocks of Kavisurjyanagar (51.59 percent), Sankhemundi (49.25 percent), Digapahandi (49.18 percent), Purusottampur (49.37 percent), Polasara (48.47 percent) and Patrapur (48.61 percent) are mostly agricultural labourers. The Surada block has the highest number of cultivators (33.35 percent) in the district, with the second lowest agriculture labour (36.91 percent) after Rangeilgunda (30.53 percent). The transitional shift is seen in the category of other workers (32.92 percent) in the district, which is higher than the State figure of 30.32 percent. The block wise classification of workers is presented in table-23 and graph-33 & 34. Graph-35 Blockwise Percenatge of workers in Ganjam

Blockwise percenatge of workers in Ganjam

60 51.11 49.53 47.98 49.13 47.24 45.85 50 44 45.2 45.21 43.94 43.64 43.88 44.42 41.83 41.72 41.96 42.53 42.37 40.63 39.52 41.02 41.1 40

30

Percenatge 20

10

0 Aska Beguniapa Bellagunt Bhanjanag Buguda Chhatrapu Chikiti Dharakote Digapaha Ganjam Hinjilicut Kavisurjya Khalikote Kukudakh Patrapur Polasara Purusotta Rangeilun Sanakhem Seragarh Sorada da ha ar r ndi prasad nagar andi mpur da undi Total Workers in % 40.63 39.52 44 45.2 41.83 41.02 47.24 45.85 51.11 41.72 45.21 43.94 43.64 41.96 41.1 49.53 42.53 43.88 42.37 47.98 44.42 49.13

Graph-36 Blcokwise Main workers, marginal Workers and Non-workers

51 Blockwise Main workers, Marginal workers and Non-workers 70

60 60.48 59.37 58.17 58.98 58.28 58.04 58.9 57.47 57.63 56 54.8 54.79 56.06 56.36 56.12 55.58 52.76 54.15 52.08 50 48.89 50.47 50.87 40

32.83 31.81 31.06 30 28.64 Percentage 26.65 25.15 25.85 26.2124.9 24.37 24.2825.25 24.48 24.88 24.2824.5224.61 23.22 21.9222.08 23.93 23.4 23.3823.86 23.26 22.33 23.1 20 21.27 20.7 20 20.68 19.63 20.14 17.41 18.43 17.62 17.35 18.05 17.23 14.37 16.57 10 10.81 9.29 11.31 0 Beguniapa Bellagunth Bhanjanag Chhatrapu Digapahan Jagannath Kavisurjya Kukudakh Purusotta Rangeilun Sanakhem Aska Buguda Chikiti Dharakote GanjamHinjilicut Khalikote Patrapur Polasara Seragarh Sorada da a ar r di prasad nagar andi mpur da undi

Main workers in % 23.22 25.15 22.08 23.93 20.7 23.4 23.38 25.85 26.21 24.37 28.64 23.26 10.81 19.63 31.81 24.28 24.48 26.65 31.06 24.88 24.28 24.61 Marginal workers in % 17.41 14.37 21.92 21.27 18.43 17.62 23.86 20 24.9 17.35 16.57 20.68 32.83 22.33 9.29 25.25 18.05 17.23 11.31 23.1 20.14 24.52 Non workers in % 59.37 60.48 56 54.8 58.17 58.98 52.76 54.15 48.89 58.28 54.79 56.06 56.36 58.04 58.9 50.47 57.47 56.12 57.63 52.08 55.58 50.87

Map-23 Block wise workers Participation rate in Ganjam District (1991-2011)

52 Map-24 Blockwise Percentage of Total worker, Main workers, and Marginal workers to total Population, in Ganjam

Map-25-Blockwise percentage distribution of sectoral workers to total workers in Ganjam District

The spatial analysis of distribution of workers in different sectors reveals very interesting feature of the district. It is noticed that costal blocks like Rangeilunda, Chatrapur, Kukudaghai and Chikiti show higher percentage of

53 workers in other sectors. On the other hand all most all blocks except above 4 blocks have higher workers in respect of agricultural sector. This means that higher percentage of workers in other sectors is influenced by urban population. This phenomenon is an important observation that will guide to develop other sectors for creating better scope for employment. The industrial sector in all the blocks records very low percentage. Graph-37 Block-wise Distribution of sect oral workers in Ganjam -2011

Blockwise distribution of sectoral Workers in Ganjam -2011

60

50

40

30 Percentage 20

10

0 Aska Beguniapa Bellagunt Bhanjanag Buguda Chhatrapu Chikiti Digapaha Ganjam Hinjilicut Jagannath Kavisurjya Khalikote Kukudakh Patrapur Polasara Purusotta Rangeilun Sanakhem Seraga Surada da ha ar r Dharakote ndi prasad nagar andi mpur da undi Cultivators 28.67 30.43 29.49 24.36 32.75 20.71 19.24 29.95 32.38 28.29 28.41 30.04 31.19 27.25 15.68 30.58 29.3 27.59 17.2 29.7 32.07 33.35 Agriculture labourers 38.57 47.67 38.34 39.37 40.85 36.37 38.2 42.37 49.18 40.52 47.55 44.24 51.59 43.08 38.5 48.61 48.47 49.37 30.53 49.25 46.09 36.91 House hold industry 3.13 3.53 3.15 6.6 3.41 2.34 2.22 6.52 2.66 1.96 4.6 4.46 2.41 3.07 1.75 3.02 4.39 3.19 2.23 3.29 4.36 5.71 Other workers 29.63 18.36 29.02 29.67 22.99 40.59 40.33 21.16 15.77 29.23 19.45 21.26 14.82 26.6 44.08 17.8 17.84 19.85 50.03 17.77 17.49 24.02

3.11 Resource Base:

Resource base plays an important role for economic development of the district. Hence, analysis of resource potential and its spatial distribution will facilitate future land use planning integrating with economic development of the district. From this point of view, the existing resource potential of the district is analysed as under.

Forest: Ganjam is rich in forests with valuable wood species like Sal, Teak and Gambhari are found in plenty. The total coverage of the forest area is 3,149.90 sq km, out of which 1,485.69 sq km is reserve forests, 143.54 sq km is demarcated forests, 1,167.36 sq km is undemarcated protected forests, 0.86 sq km is un-classified forests and 352.45 sq km is other forests. Some of the forest products of the district are bamboos, medicinal herbs, Jhuna, Mahul, Lakha and Sal leaves. These products are important source of incomes for the local people living in and around the forest areas. Table- 34 summarizes forest area of the district. Classification of forest area of Ganjam District - 2015 Sl.No Classification of Forest Area in Sq km Percent to total forest area 1 Reserve forest area 1485.69 47.17 2 Demarcated protected forest 143.54 4.56 3 Undemarcated forest 1167.36 37.06 4 Unclassified forest 0.8 2.54 5 Other forest 352.45 11.19 6 Total forest area 3149.90 100 7 Percentage of forest area to total - 38.39 area of the district Source: - District statistical hand Book Ganjam 2015

Graph-38 Classification of Forest Area in Ganjam

54 Classification of Forest Area in Ganjam

1600

1400

1200

1000

800 1485.69

1167.36 Area in in Area Km Sq 600

400

200 352.45 143.54 0.8 0 Reserve forest area Demarcated Undemarcated forest Unclassified forest Other forest protected forest Area in Sq km 1485.69 143.54 1167.36 0.8 352.45

The forest map in fig-25 of the district focuses the spatial coverage of forest area in the district. The same was superimposed over block map to ascertain spatial distribution of forest area in different blocks of the district.

Map- 26 Blockwise forest coverage in Ganjam

Mineral Resource: Minerals like abrasives and grinding materials, limestone (kankar), manganese, monazite, sand and talc are found in this district. The district has “rare earth” minerals over an area of 2,464.05 ha. About 954 workers are employed in the Indian Rare Earth (IRE) factory. Garnetiferous granitic gnashes and Charnockites are used for manufacturing of grinding stones in the district. White clay deposits are also found in different parts of the district. Block wise mineral resource of Ganjam district (Area in sqkm)

55 Minerals In Ganjam District (Area in SqKm) An Ca Cb CHILIKA LAKE Czl Gn Ka Kb Kc Kd Ptqp Q Q2 Block Name Anorthoslte Acid Charnockite Basic Charnockite Chilka Lake Laterite Granetiferous Gneiss Quartz-garnet-sillmanateschist Quarzite Calc-silicate rock Kodurlte Quartzvein and Pegmatite Soil Cover Beach sand and sand dunes Total Aska - 9.855507 - - - 16.890512 - - - - - 176.780643 - 203.5267 Beguniapada - 21.719478 - - 5.087459 30.860849 0.000039 0.045571 - - 217.928307 - 275.6417 Bellaguntha - 6.404036 0.266677 - - 6.486174 1.528635 - - 208.449702 - 223.1352 Bhanjanagar - 48.35508 6.344189 - - 603.744089 22.402738 0.216356 - - 59.572717 - 740.6352 Buguda - 38.535568 - - 19.874164 38.832942 - - 335.058326 - 432.301 Chhatrapur - 0.771014 - 0.23151 35.404406 1.938486 0.636046 - 0.113077 185.772503 15.176342 240.0434 Chikiti - 11.096849 - - 173.118964 4.97926 - 3.280678 66.853704 259.3295 Dharakote - 75.920311 1.632621 - - 176.788349 22.07163 1.85865 - 200.760836 479.0324 Digapahandi - 42.318911 - - 458.688782 10.111448 - 0.506271 511.6254 Ganjam 2.075504 - 7.556432 - 4.923654 30.191214 - 193.891269 238.6381 Hinjilicut - 0.739711 - - 22.22897 41.347486 1.38548 - 103.354065 169.0557 Jagannathprasad - 152.93563 1.215074 - - 403.39762 20.070089 - 239.821349 817.4398 Kabisuryanagar - 20.966779 0.242993 - - 10.265267 0.814248 1.437941 13.786803 - 120.770669 168.2847 Khallikote - 2.461471 66.932104 - 2.424576 57.604144 5.177295 12.099676 268.966314 415.6656 Kukudakhandi - 28.111477 - 0.898142 176.2246 14.007877 0.569284 75.090071 294.9015 Patrapur - 124.176656 - - 401.663072 20.317333 1.315325 547.4724 Polasara - 25.921175 0.114907 - - 26.784997 101.179645 247.130999 401.1317 Purusottampur - 20.705942 - - 31.330672 9.805259 3.952089 0.814389 186.79221 253.4006 Rangeilunda - 0.678098 - 0.858102 20.178519 1.832049 0.402371 0.495815 191.439245 45.833563 261.7178 Sanakhemundi - 64.521586 - - 263.2517 8.125806 2.311977 0.046606 0.555125 338.8128 Seragad - 20.449391 - - 80.160982 11.232704 81.12281 192.9659 Sorada - 108.947179 9.46072 - - 564.25015 100.872895 0.26895 0.818905 190.809764 975.4286 TOTAL 2.075504 825.591849 19.277181 74.488536 1.987754 3503.167678 550.126737 16.357828 29.423994 0.495815 1.981279 3287.347602 127.863609 8440.185 Source: Geological survey of India From the above table-35, it is observed that three types of minerals are prominently available in the district. They are acid charnockite, granetiferous gneiss and quartz garmetsillmanateschist. It is noticed that only 4 blocks (18%) have mineral resources covering an land area between 500 to 1000 sq km of each block . Similarly, 14 blocks (63.60%) have mineral resource covering land area between 200 to 500 sq km. Blocks like Soroda, Patarpur, Jaganathprasad and Digapahandi have more land area under mineral resource. Map-26 presents the spatial distribution of all mineral resources in the district. Map-27 Geology and minerals of Ganjam

Marine Resources:-The Bay of Bengal adjoins the eastern side of Ganjam district and its coast extends more than 60 km. The sea coast and Chilika coast line are a source of rich marine products in the district. Besides, the coastline serves as a rich resource for lime shells. As a consequence, this district supplies a sizable portion of the

56 total lime needs of the State. Ganjam and Humma areas and the areas near the mouth of river Bahuda and Rushikulya are rich sources of salt production. Salt production caters not only to the needs of the district but that also of the State. Total salt producing area of the district is about 5,500 acres, out of which 1,238 acres are under the fold of co-operative societies and the rest are on a private lease basis. During 2011-12, 1,690 MT of salt was produced under cooperative sector and 5,710 MT by the private licensees. About 2,000 acres have been identified as suitable for salt farming in the State. Most of the areas are not being used due to various reasons including siltation and unfavorable topography. However, the district still remains as the major salt-producer in the State. Chilika Lake in the district attracts tourists from different regions.

3.17 Ground Water and Surface water resource: water resources of an area are directly linked with rainfall, which comes to the area every year. Map-27 & 28 presents the river basins of Odisha and Rushikulya, in Ganjam. The average annual runoff of the Rushikulya basin is observed to be 3949 MCum. As may be seen from Map-28 the entire Ganjam district is covered by basin. Hence, total annual run off of the district will be same as of the Rushikulya basin. Map-28 River Basins of Odisha

Source: Water Resources Department, Govt. of Odisha

57 Map- 29 Rusikulya river basins of Ganjam district

Graph-39 Catchment Area of River Basin of Rushikulya and Other Basins of Odisha Catchment Area of River Basin of Rushikulya and Other Basins of Odisha

1 Bahuda 890 3 Nagabali 4,500 2 Subarnarekha 2,983 4 Budhabalanga & Jambhira 6,354 9 Baitarani 13,482 6 Vanshadhara 8,960 Catchment area(in% to Odisha total) (%)

River Name 7 Kolab 10,300 Catchments in Odisha (Sq.Km) 5 Indrabati 7,400 6 Rushikulya 8,963 14 Brahmani 22,516 41 65,628

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000

Area in Square Km and percentage

58 Graph-40 River Average flow 2001 Rivers Average Flow 2001 70000

60000

50000

40000 Unit 30000

20000

10000

0

Mahanadi Brahmani Rushikulya Indrabati Kolab Baitarani Budhabalang Subarnarekh Nagabali Bahuda Banshadhara a a Average Flow: 2001 Own 29900 11391 3949 6265 11089 5083 7568 3111 1193 2853 438 Average Flow: 2001 Outside 29255 7186 0 0 0 0 0 0 1115 0 0 Average Flow: 2001 Total 59155 18577 3949 6265 11089 5083 7568 3111 2308 2853 438

Graph-41 Rivers Projeced flow 2051 Rivers Projected flow-2051 60000

50000 50939

40000

30000 29900 Projected Flow: 2051 Own 20000 21039 Projected Flow: 2051 Outside 14509 10000 11391 11089 7568 Projected Flow: 2051 Total 6265 5083 3118 3949 3111 2308 2853 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11151193 0 4380

It is seen that Rushikulya river basin is one of the important river basins of Odisha. As mentioned above, it has a catchment area of 8963 sq km and constitutes 5.76 % of the total river basin catchment area of Odisha. Hence, Rushikulya river basin assumes importance from the point of water resource potential for Ganjam district. The average annual water flow of this river as estimated by water resource department of Government Odisha comes to 3949 MCum. The graph 41 presents the comparative annual flow of all rivers of Odisha. Similarly, the projected water flow as computed by same Department (up to 2051) is presented in graph 42. It observed from both the graphs that the water flow of river Rushikulya will be around 3949 MCum by 2051. This implies that this high volume of water of the river is to be managed efficiently through land use planning for different development activities of the district. Ground water resource:-Block wise ground water resource estimation is referred to the estimation carried out by Water Resource Department of Government Odisha by based on norms recommended by Ground Water Estimation Committee (G.E.C 1997) and is presented in below. The total ground water resource of the district is assessed to be 114541.00 hectare meter (HM). The existing annual draft for irrigation use is 26437 hectare(23.08%) meter, 6969 hectare meter(6.09%) is for other uses like domestic and industrial use .Thus, the gross annual draft for all uses is 33408 hectare meter. The present status of ground water development has been estimated to be 29.17%. The block wise ground water potential and its use is presented in table-38. Graph-42 Ground Water Uses in Ganjam

59

Graph-43 Net Annual ground water availability in Ganjam

Graph-44 Stage of Ground Water Development in percentage

60

Graph-45 Net Ground Water Availability for future irrigation development

Graph-46 Exiting Gross Ground water draft for domestic and industrial supply

Graph-47 Provision for domestic and industrial requirement supply for next 25 years

61

Graph-48 Exiting gross ground water draft for all uses

Graph-49 Gross Ground Water Draft for Irrigation in Ganjam

Map-30 Block wise Net ground water availability in Ganjam

62

Map-31 Block wise exiting ground water drifted for Irrigation in Ganjam

Map-32 Block wise exiting ground drifted for domestic and Industrial supply in Ganjam

63

Map-33 Block wise exiting ground water drifted for all uses in Ganjam

Map-34 Block wise provisional for domestic and industrial requirement services for next 25 years in Ganjam

64

Map-35 Blockwise Ground water potential in Ganjam

Map-36 Exiting Ground water Potential, draft, development

65

Map-37 Status of Ground water Development in Ganjam

Map-38- Depth of water level in Ganjam

66

Source: Ministry of water resources central ground water board, SER Bhubaneswar march, 2013 Note- MBGL (Meter below ground level)

Map-39 Irrigation and Hydrogeology of Ganjam

67 The analysis of above maps depicting ground water potential and its utilisation have revealed very interesting facts. It is noticed that out of 22 blocks, 6 blocks (27.27%) have high ground water potential and 5 blocks (22.73%) have low ground water potential .The blocks having high ground water potential are spatially located on the North western part of the district, whereas, the blocks having low ground water potential is located in the central and eastern part of the district. It further reveals that blocks having high agricultural land in general have low ground water potential. This implies that these blocks require alternative source of irrigation for agricultural development. Similarly, it is also noticed that blocks having high agricultural land has high rate of drafting of ground water. The analysis of depth of ground water in the district reveals an encouraging fact. In majority area of the district have ground water is available in a depth varying from 2 to 5 m. This implies that ground water can be easily drafted in the district, Economy of the district: The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of Ganjam district was 7.08 percent of the total Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of the State during 2004-05 at 2004-05 prices and it marginally decreased to 7.04 percent in the year 2009-10 at 2004-05 prices. Table – 27 gives the GDDP and the Net District Domestic Product (NDDP) of Ganjam from 2004-05 to 2009-10 at 2004-05 prices. It is observed that during the period 2004-05 and 2009-10, the rate of growth of GDDP was about 8.24 percent and growth of NDDP is 8.20 percent. The per capita NDDP grew at about an average of seven percent during the same period.

Graph-50 Gross Net district domestic Production Ganjam 2004-05 to 2009-2010 (2004-05 price)

It is further observed that the primary sector including agriculture is the preferred mode of livelihood in the district. The tertiary sector in the district is also acting as a dominating sector both in district and the State, thereby, providing better opportunities for gainful employment. As revealed from Economic survey report, Odisha 2016- 2017, it is not out of the place to mention that Odisha’s economic growth in terms of real GSDP recovered to respectable level of 7.94 percent in 2016-17 at 2011-12 base (market price) reversing the sharp decline of 6.01 percent that had occurred in 2015-16. The growth was also higher than the 7.1 percent recorded at National level .This growth was resulted because of modest agriculture production during same period. This

68 phenomenon is also applicable to the Ganjam district and assumes a planning strategy to develop the agricultural sector for enhancing the district economy through an integrated spatial planning. Graph-51 Sector wise growth rates of GDDP from 2005-2006 and 2010 (2004-05 prices)

Sectorwise Growth rates of GDDP from 2005-2006 and 2009 to 2010 (2004-05 Prices)

Othe Services

Public Administration

Real Estae,Business and Legal Services

Banking and Insurance

Communication

Storage

Transport by other means

Railway

Trade,Hotel and Resturant

Electricity,Gas and Water Supply

Manufacturing Unegd.

Manufacturing Regd.

Mining and Quarrying

Fishery

Forestry

Agriculture and Animal Husbandry

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

2009-10 Odisha 2009-10 Ganjam 2005-06 Odisha 2005-06 Ganjam

The detail sector wise growth rate of the district and state is presented in graph and tables-24, 25, 26 & 27. Graph-52 Block wise distribution of sectoral workers in Ganjam 2011

Blockwise distribution of sectoral Workers in Ganjam -2011

60

50

40

30 Percentage

20

10

0 Aska Beguniap Bellagunt Bhanjana Buguda Chhatrap Chikiti Digapaha Ganjam Hinjilicut Jagannath Kavisurjya Khalikote Kukudakh Patrapur Polasara Purusotta Rangeilun Sanakhe Seraga Surada ada ha gar ur Dharakot ndi prasad nagar andi mpur da mundi e Cultivators 28.67 30.43 29.49 24.36 32.75 20.71 19.24 29.95 32.38 28.29 28.41 30.04 31.19 27.25 15.68 30.58 29.3 27.59 17.2 29.7 32.07 33.35 Agriculture labourers 38.57 47.67 38.34 39.37 40.85 36.37 38.2 42.37 49.18 40.52 47.55 44.24 51.59 43.08 38.5 48.61 48.47 49.37 30.53 49.25 46.09 36.91 House hold industry 3.13 3.53 3.15 6.6 3.41 2.34 2.22 6.52 2.66 1.96 4.6 4.46 2.41 3.07 1.75 3.02 4.39 3.19 2.23 3.29 4.36 5.71 Other workers 29.63 18.36 29.02 29.67 22.99 40.59 40.33 21.16 15.77 29.23 19.45 21.26 14.82 26.6 44.08 17.8 17.84 19.85 50.03 17.77 17.49 24.02

There are 301581 BPL card & 292586 Ration card holders getting the services, 2338403 persons has received the voter identity card, 411829 persons are getting EGS card. 79620 persons has received Antodaya card & 5534 Annapurna card.

Essential services

Service Norm Status ( No) BPL card Eligible family 301581 Ration card Eligible family 292586 Voter identity card Eligible person 2338403

69 EGS card Eligible person 411829 Antodaya card Eligible person 79620 Annapurna card Eligible person 5534 Source: ganjamnic.gov.in

Un-employment situation: Un-employment rate is one of the important parameters of the labour force, which reflects the portion of the labour force which was available for work during the given reference period but did not get work. As per Economic survey report, Odisha 2016- 2017 Unemployment rate was estimated at 6.0 percent in the State during 2013-14. This means about 6 per cent of the people, who were available for work during the reference period, could not get work and remain unemployed. Since, detail information un-employment is not available for Ganjam district this exercise will take the state picture for purpose of plan preparation.

Sector-wise change in gross domestic product of Ganajm district (2004-05 price)

Ganjam Odisha Sector 2006-07 2009-10 2006-07 2009-10 Primary Sector 13.34 12.36 6.49 7.07 Secondary Sector 17.51 0.76 21.83 -4.83 Tertiary Sector 18.79 11.66 18.78 8.68 Finance and Services Sector 7.75 10.24 6.66 9.59 Total GDP 13.82 8.27 12.85 4.55

Graph-53 Sector wise gross domestic product of Ganjam and Odisha

Graph-54 Sect oral growth rates of GDDP from 2005-2006 and 2009 to 2010 (2004-05 to 2009 -10(2004-05 prices)

70 Sectorwise Growth rates of GDDP from 2005-2006 and 2009 to 2010 (2004-05 Prices)

Othe Services

Public Administration

Real Estae,Business and Legal Services

Banking and Insurance

Communication

Storage

Transport by other means

Railway

Trade,Hotel and Resturant

Electricity,Gas and Water Supply

Manufacturing Unegd.

Manufacturing Regd.

Mining and Quarrying

Fishery

Forestry

Agriculture and Animal Husbandry

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

2009-10 Odisha 2009-10 Ganjam 2005-06 Odisha 2005-06 Ganjam

Gross and Net District Domestic Product in Ganjam 2004-05 to 2009-10 (2004-05 prices) NDDP(in YEAR GDDP(in Lakh) Lakh) Per Capita NDDP(in Rupees) 2004-05 5,50,109 5,01,034 15,268 2005-06 5,80,635 5,29,785 15,971 2006-07 6,60,894 6,02,209 17,960 2007-08 7,14,679 6,48,623 19,137 2008-09 7,53,448 6,84,170 19,969 2009-10 8,15,724 7,41,703 21,415 Average Growth Rate (%) 8.24 8.2 7.04

Source- District Human Development Report, Ganjam -2013 Graph-55 Gross and Net district domestic product in Ganjam 2004-05 to 2009-10(2004-05 prices) Gross and Net District Domestic Product in Ganjam 2004-05 to 2009-2010 (2004-05 Price)

9,00,000 8,15,724 7,53,448 7,41,703 8,00,000 7,14,679 6,84,170 6,60,894 7,00,000 6,48,623 5,80,635 6,02,209 5,50,109 5,29,785 6,00,000 5,01,034 5,00,000 4,00,000 3,00,000

Unit (Lakhs, (Lakhs, UnitPercentage ) 2,00,000

1,00,000 15,268 15,971 17,960 19,137 19,969 21,415 0 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 GDDP(in Lakh) 5,50,109 5,80,635 6,60,894 7,14,679 7,53,448 8,15,724 NDDP(in Lakh) 5,01,034 5,29,785 6,02,209 6,48,623 6,84,170 7,41,703 Per Capita NDDP(in Rupees) 15,268 15,971 17,960 19,137 19,969 21,415

71 3.12 Human Development Profile:

Human development profile is a tool to focus on improvement of human lives by best utilizing the available resources and potentialities and to have a sustainable livelihood. Generally, it focuses on two principal aspects ie. first, how people build their capabilities relating to health, skills or knowledge, and second, how they use their capabilities for healthy improvement. It is for this reason; United Nations (UN) in general and United Nations Development Programe (UNDP) in particular, have propagated this concept of human development in all their programes. The first Odisha Human Development Report (OHDR) was published in 2004. This report enlisted several critical issues & has outlined various aspects of economic growth, income distribution, poverty, food security, education, health etc. and has attempted to ascertain the status of human development in Odisha. Thereafter, it was decided to prepare and publish District Human Development Reports (DHDR) for four districts, viz., Ganjam, Kalahandi, Kandhamal and Mayurbhanj. Thus, human development report of Ganjam district has already been prepared. As already mentioned above, in case of Ganjam, same attributes and their impact on the quality of human life in rural and urban areas have been considered while preparing the DHDR. Special emphasis has also been given to vulnerable sections including women and children, Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST) and other disadvantaged groups. The above report is referred in the present exercise and the brief indicators as out- come of the report are presented below. Human Development Indicators of Ganjam District -2013

Indicator Value Indicator Value

District Human Development 20 SC Literacy Rate(2011)[%] 59.62 Index ( HDI)rank(2004)* Population ( 2001)[Lakh] ST Literacy Rate(2001)[%] 49.71 Person 35.29 Neo-natal Mortality Rate(2011-12) 37 Male 17.79 Infant Mortality Rate(2011-12) 59 Female 17.5 Under Five Mortality Rate(2011-12) 90 ST(2011)[%] 3.37 Wealth Index (2010-11)[%] SC (2011)[%] 19.5 Lowest 11 Population Density(2011) 440 Highest 27.5 Sex Ratio (2011) 983 Institutional Delivery ( 2010-11)[%] 83

908 Contraceptive Prevalence Rate(2010-11)[%] 49.3 Child Sex Ratio(2011) Unmet Need for Family Planning(2010- 29.7 Literacy Ratio (2011) 11)[%] Girl Marriage before Completing 18 71.09 8.8 Person year(2010-11)[%] Male 80.99 No. of People Infected with HIV' 9.313 Real Gross District Domestic Product (Rs.in 61.13 8,15,724 Female lakh): 2009-10 at 2004-05 price' Source: - District Human Development Report, Ganjam 2013

3.13 Analysis of existing land uses Existing land cover & land use: The existing land use and land cover analysis was undertaken by interpreting the available satellite image from DTP. The satellite image was interpreted by ORSAC and the analysis in form of

72 existing land use is presented in table –29, 30, & 31 .It is interesting to note that out of total geographical area major land cover comes under forest area of the total area. Similarly, the land under agricultural use constitutes more than other land uses under residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, mining water body, hills and CRZ seashore. Map- 39 & 40 presents the existing land use and land cover pattern of the district. Block wise existing land use & land cover pattern of Ganjam district -2015 in Sq.km

73 Source: - ORSAC

Block wise existing land use & land cover pattern of Ganjam district -2015(area in %)

Source: ORSAC

Graph-56 Blockwise Land-use pattern in Ganjam Blockwise Landuse Pattern in Ganjam

Surada Seraga Sanakhemundi Rangeilunda Purusottampur Polasara Wet Land Patrapur Kukudakhandi Water bodies Khalikote Waste Land Kavisurjyanagar Forest Jagannathprasad Plantation Hinjilicut Block Name Block Ganjam Industrial Digapahandi commercial Dharakote Coastal area Chikiti Build Up u Chhatrapur Buguda Build Up R Bhanjanagar Agriculture Bellaguntha Beguniapada Aska

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00

Perentage

74

Map-40 Blockwise Land use and Landover pattern in graphical presentation

Map-41 Existing land use & land cover pattern of Ganjam District-2015

75

Land not suitable for development: An analysis was undertaken to ascertain the extent of land not suitable for development and presented in the table-32.

Land area not suitable for development of Ganjam District -2015 Sl. No Land category Area in SQ km Percent of area to total area. 1 Water body 244.54 2.9 2 CRZ area 314 3.72 3 Wet land area 93.24 1.1 4 Protected and reserved forest area 2722.19 32.3 Source: Analysed on the basis of ORSAC Land use and Land Cover Data Graph-57 Land suitability Category Land suitabibility Category

35 32.3

30

25

20

15 Percentage 10 2.9 3.72 5 1.1

0 Water body CRZ area Wet land area Protected and reserved forest area Percent of area to total area. 2.9 3.72 1.1 32.3

76 3.14 Public-Private Land Ownership and Land Valuation:

Land is a finite resource and is crucial for all developmental activities, for natural resources, ecosystem services and for agriculture. Growing population, growing needs and demands for economic development, clean water, food and other products from natural resources, as well as degradation of land and negative environmental impacts are posing increasing pressures to the land resources in many countries of the world. For India, though the seventh largest country in the world, land resource management is becoming very important as India occupies 2.4 % of the world’s geographical area. During baseline data we found availability of Govt and private land in Ganjam, which has been reflected in in Table-33, graph-59 and map-41.

Graph-58 Tahasil wise availability of Government and Private Land in Ganjam Tahasil wise Avilability of Government and Private Land in Ganjam

Dharakote J.N.Prasad Belaguntha Seragarh Buguda Sorada Aska Bhanjanagar S.khemundi Kukudakhandi Patrapur Chikiti Digapahandi Private land(acre)

Tahasil Tahasil Name Konisi Govt.land(acre) Berhampur K.S.Nagar Polosara Ganjam Hinjili Purushottampur Kodala Khallikote Chatrapur

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000

Land in acra

Out of 23 Tahasils, all tahasils have private land are more than the Govt. In Berhampur Tahasil Govt land is less than in comparative to all Tahasils. Map-42 Blcokwise Government and Private land in Ganjam

77 In the absence of map base information with respect to land under Government and private land, it is not possible to analyse the link between existing land cover status with land ownership (Private and Government) . This analysis is extremely important for preparation land use planning covering various developmental activities. Only statistical information will not help it and directly indicates to go for such information. However, from the land use analysis, it may be concluded that area under forest, water body, river, nalla, irrigation canals, hills etc are government land and area under agriculture, village built up area etc are broadly private land. 4. Sectoral analysis: 4.1 Agriculture and irrigation: Agricultural sector of Ganjam district plays an important role in the overall economy of the district. It provides employment to 57.62 % of workers and generates 12% of gross domestic product of the district. As per the available statistics (2016), the total gross crop area is recorded to be 694186 hectares and the net sown area is observed to be 391121hectares during same period of the district. As a result of this, the cropping intensity of the district is computed to be 177. Interestingly, the area sowed more than once in the district is found to be 303065 hectares. The detail gross cropped area ,net sown area and cropping intensity of the district is presented in table 39 .The Map 30 shows the spatial distribution of gross cropped area, net sown area, cropping intensity and area sown more than once of the district. It is seen that blocks like Polasara, Hinjilicut, Ganjam and Chikiti show relatively high cropping intensity in comparison to other blocks. The net area sown is continuously growing from 2012 to 2016. As observed, the net area sown increased from 274685 hectares in 2012 to 391121 hectares in 2016. The table –39 and graph-60 presents the growth trend of net shown area in the district. Graph-59 Growth trend of Net Shown area in Ganjam district

Growth trend of Net shown area in Ganjam District

2015-2016 694186 391121

2014- 2015 0 277600

2013- 2014 0 Cropping intensity Year 263222 Gross cropped area in hectare Net sown area in hectare

2012- 2013 0 267674

2011-2012 0 274685

0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 700000

hectare

The cultivation of Ganjam district is undertaken in three principal seasons like Kharif, Rabi and summer. Moreover, seasonal crop area is classified on the basis of irrigated and rainfed area. The total cultivated area is recorded to be 696186 hectare. Out of this total cultivated area, 407520 hectare comes under Kharif, 219881hectare comes under Rabi and 68785 hectare comes under summer cultivation.

78 Graph-60 Season wise Crop cultivation in Ganjam

Seasonwise Crop cultivation in Ganjam

68785

Rabi

219881 Kharif 407520 Summar

Agriculture is the backbone of the economy and around 80% people of Ganjam district depend on Agriculture and Allied Activities. Gross cropped area of Ganjam is estimated at 6.4 lakh ha. The total irrigated area so far surveyed is 293192 ha for Kharif and 58730 ha for Rabi crops. Therefore nearly 50% of the gross cropped area has got the possibility of getting irrigation facilities. As against this potential, only 2.83 lakh ha get actual irrigation facility to grow various crops. Therefore only 41.54% crops get irrigation facility. Different crops are sown under rainfed condition in nearly 58% of the cultivated areas. Except Jagannath Prasad block all the blocks of Ganjam have more than 35% of the cultivable land having irrigation facility from various sources. A variety of crops like paddy, groundnut, sugarcane, maize, oil seeds, millets, green gram, black gram, horse gram etc. are grown in the district.

Map-43 Composite Map soil, climate geology and Contour in Ganjam

79

Agriculture Information

Sl. No. Particulars Unit (,000 ha.) 1 Total Cultivable Area 406 2 Net Area Sown 381 3 Current Fallow 25 4 Other Fallow 6 5 Barren & Uncultivable Waste Land 20 6 Land Put to Non-Agricultural Use 21 7 Cultivable Waste Land 11 8 Misc. tree & Groves 22 9 Permanent Pasture 20 10 Area Under Principal Crops (Kharif & 664.09 Rabi) 11 Forest Area 315 Source : Orissa Agricultural Statistics 2007-08

Production of Major Agricultural Crops

Sl. No. Particulars Yield Kg/ha. Production in '000 MT 1 Rice 2280 621.02 2 Wheat 1660 0.12 3 Maize 1353 12.66 4 Ragi 939 42.73

80 5 Total Cereals 2058 677.70 6 Mung 408 50.61 7 Biri 460 22.47 8 Kulthi 404 5.63 9 Cowpea 635 3.53 10 Arhar 770 9.22 11 Field pea 675 1.13 12 Groundnut 1539 36.86 13 Sesame 401 12.13 14 Caster 621 0.87 15 Mustard 537 0.47 16 Total condiments & 1035 5.32 spices 17 Sugarcane 77405 245.37 18 Total Vegetables total 11521 534.57 Source : Orissa Agricultural Statistics 2007-08

Graph-61 Blockwise Production of Paddy in Ganjam Blockwise Production of Paddy in Ganjam

Total 17

- Rabi 2016

Kharif J.N.PRASAD BUGUDA BUGUDA Total J.N.PRASAD BELAGUNTHA Rabi

BHANJANAGAR 16 Drought year Drought16 - SORODA Kharif 2015 DHARAKOTE SHERAGADA Total ASKA

POLOSARA

15 - Rabi K.S.NAGAR

2014 BEGUNIPADA

Kharif KHALLIKOTE Blockwise Blockwise and year wise P.S.PUR

Total HINJILICUT GANJAM CHATRAPUR Rabi

DIGAPAHANDI

14(supercyclon) - SANAKHEMUNDI Kharif 2013 KUKUDAKHANDI RANGEILUNDA Total CHIKITI

PATRAPUR 13 13

- Rabi 2012

Kharif

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000

Metric Ton

The analysis of area under different crops is also undertaken and is presented in table-40 and graph-62, & 63. Cereal cultivation is found to be the principal crop of the district. It is noticed that total area under cereal

81 cultivation is 224740 hectares. The cereal cultivation is generally undertaken in an area of 223800 hectares in kharif, 85 hectare in Rabi and 855 hectares in summer. Similarly, coarse cereals are cultivated in an area of 57087 hectares in kharif, 2259 hectares in Rabi and 1070 hectares in summer totaling to 60416 hectares in the district. The cultivated area under pulses is reported to be 252014 hectare in the district, having 39089 hectare in Kharif, 179125 hectares in Rabi and 33800 hectares in summer seasons. The total area of cultivation of oil seeds is 55365 hectares in the district. Out of this, 23739 hectares are taken up in Kharif season, 14637 hectares are taken up in Rabi season and 16987 hectares are taken up in summer season. The cultivated area under fiber is found to be 2977 hectare which is only cultivated in kharif season. Total cultivated area of the vegetable is recorded to be 91049 hectares, out of which around 58096 hectares are cultivated in Kharif season, 19819 hectare in Rabi and 13134 hectares in summer season. The total area under spices crop is observed to be 6686 hectares out of which 2732 hectare in kharif and 3954 hectare in Rabi season is cultivated. The other crops are only cultivated in summer season with an area of 2939 hectares. The yield rate and production of different crops are outlined in table–42. The irrigation for cultivated area is provided through different irrigation projects. It is observed that the total irrigation area is increasing steadily from 297500 hectares in 2012 to 315064 hectares in 2014.Out of total irrigated area of 315064hectares in 2014, Kharif season irrigation area constituted 260026 hectares and Rabi season irrigation area constituted 55038. The block wise irrigation potential is presented in table –44. The consumption of fertilizer in the district is presented in table-45. It is noticed that total consumption of fertilizer is recorded to be 32255 M.T. in the district in the year 2015. The fertilizer consumption per hectare of cultivated area is found to be 46.25 kg. Graph-62 Block wise Gross cropped area, net area shown, cropping intensity and Area shown

Blockwise Gross cropped Area, Net area Sown, Cropping Intensity and Area sown 44255 45000 41839 39757 40000 36700 35269 34152 35000 33316 33707 31404 31443 30564 29973 28731 29472 30000 27966 28345 27921 27318 27535 26972 25765 25369 24868 25000 23977 23886 20660 20783 Unit 18886 18686 18927 19033 20000 17805 17918 18007 16856 16189 15780 15639 15917 14609 14867 146301465714815 1478014729 1511914792 13708 14425 14430 14428 14286 15000 13599 12893 13536 13107 13436 13129 12542 12055 12553 12706 11333 10582 11036 10000

5000

1.81 1.76 1.77 1.66 1.71 1.89 1.94 1.67 1.74 1.90 1.91 1.55 1.74 1.75 1.81 1.78 2.01 1.78 1.75 1.79 1.89 1.77 0

Block Name

Growth trend of net shown area in the district Sl no year Net sown area in hectare Gross cropped area Cropping in hectare intensity 1 2011-2012 274685 - - 2 2012- 2013 267674 - - 3 2013- 2014 263222 - -

82 4 2014- 2015 277600 - - 5 2015-2016 391121 694186 177 Source: District Irrigation Plan of Ganjam 2016

Graph-63 cultivated area under different crops of Ganjam Cultivated Area Under different Crops of Ganjam-2016

Other

Spices

Vegetables

RAINFED (summer) Fibers IRRG (summer) RAINFED (Rabi)

Oilseeds IRRG (Rabi) Types of of Types Crop RAINFED (Kharif) IRRG (Kharif) Pulses TOTAL

Coarse Cereals

Cereals

0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000

Unit in Metric Ton

Graph-64 Types of Crop under total irrigated and rainfed condition in Ganjam Types of crops under total irrigated and Rainfed condition in Ganjam

250000

200000

150000 Area 100000

50000

0 Cereals Coarse Pulses Oilseeds Fibers Vegetables Spices Other Cereals IRRG (Total) 200923 24348 3750 21509 0 61537 6082 2939 RAINFED (Total) 23817 36068 248264 33856 2977 29512 604 0

Graph-65 Summer crop under irrigated and Rainfed in Ganjam

83 Summer Crop under Irrigated and rainfed in Ganjam

35000 31289

30000

25000

20000 14065 Area 13134 15000

10000

2511 2922 2939 5000 1037 855 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cereals Coarse Pulses Oilseeds Fibers Vegetables Spices Other Cereals IRRG (summer) 855 1037 2511 2922 0 13134 0 2939 RAINFED (summer) 0 33 31289 14065 0 0 0 0

Graph-66 Rabi crop under irrigated and rainfed in Ganjam

Rabi Crop under Irrigated and Rainfed in Ganjam

180000

160000

140000

120000

100000

Area 80000

60000

40000

20000

0 Cereals Coarse Pulses Oilseeds Fibers Vegetable Spices Other Cereals s IRRG (Rabi) 85 2176 840 12483 0 12693 3494 0 RAINFED (Rabi) 0 83 178285 2156 0 7126 460 0

Graph-67 Kharif Crop under Irrigated and rainfed in Ganjam Kharif Crop under Irrigated and rainfed in Ganjam

199983 200000

180000

160000

140000

120000

100000 Area 80000

60000 35952 38690 35710 40000 23817 22386 21135 17635 20000 6104 399 0 2977 2588144 0 0 0 Cereals Coarse Pulses Oilseeds Fibers Vegetables Spices Other Cereals IRRG (Kharif) 199983 21135 399 6104 0 35710 2588 0 RAINFED (Kharif) 23817 35952 38690 17635 2977 22386 144 0

Source: District Irrigation Plan of Ganjam 2016 Graph-68 Yield Rate and Production of different crops in Ganjam

84 Yield Rate and production of different Crops in Ganjam

1200000

1000000

800000

600000 Unit

400000

200000

0 A Y P A Y P A Y P A Y P A Y P A Y P A Y P A Y P A Y P A Y P A Y P A P Y

Wheat Maize Ragi Mung Biri Kulthi Til Groundnut Mustard Potato Jute Sugarcane 2011-12 0 0 0 1292 18.45 23837 2822 8.76 24715 22389 2.1 47047 2994 2.34 7000 886 1.99 1763 1141 1.77 2015 1980 12.77 25282 8 1.64 13 44 80.03 3521 0 0 0 1733 749.2 0 2012-13 0 0 0 1010 17.1 17271 1950 9.46 18449 44030 2.22 97747 6965 2.07 14384 1015 2.26 2294 455 1.79 815 2265 13.09 29648 26 1.56 41 17 98.65 1677 0 0 0 1441 709.6 1E+06 2013-14 0 0 0 760 17.97 13655 1803 7.77 14017 39877 2.25 89730 4878 2.24 10925 943 2.69 2537 1838 1.71 3142 2787 12.22 34054 10 1.01 10 30 104.5 3138 0 0 0 1704 286.7 48862

Graph-69 Source wise irrigation Potential in Ganjam Sourcewise Irrigation Potential in Ganjam-2014

315064 Total 305021 297500

55038 Rabi 51000

44020 Total Total

260026 Kharif 254021 253480

22323 Rabi 223224 22726

31039 Kharif 36175

36178 Othersource

16042 Rabi 16042 Total

11959 Source

22556 Kharif Minor

irrigation Kharif 12610

projects(lift) 12611 "Rabi,

6832 Rabi 7214 7135

(flow) 79937

Minor projects irrigation Kharif 79940 79396

9841 Rabi 5420 2200

126494

projects) Kharif 125296

m (Irrigation m 125295 Major/Mediu

0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000

Unit

85 Graph-70 Block wise irrigation Status in Ganjam Blockwise Irrigation Status in Ganjam

Total Other Sources Minor irrigation Project Major/Medium irrigation Projects.

892 1324 16137 Sorada 10141391 751 3538 7005 9971284 10800 Seragada 629 997 80 600 4614 13881498 14128 Sanakhemundi 649 1080 0 970 4849 964 1533 14828 Rangeilunda 134155 0112 12025 1045 1933 14610 Purushottampur 20322364 0 286 6795 924 1460 13669 Polosara 723 1094 24 300 8472 746959 16510 Patrapur 574896 0 470 7025 823996 13224 Kukudakhandi 8090 0109 10412 460 1046 10932 Kodal(Begunipada) 574848 773 2000 2963 9261109 5174 Khallikote 234322 0 452 12961432 6064 K.S.Nagar 273450 040 1953 855 1619 8295 J.Prasad 8281120 0 999 1202 1853 14359 Hinjilicut 8561189 049 10466 1066 2637 9977 Ganjam 8571017 046 4096 11571498 18399 Digaphandi 13371538 0 671 8868 975 1780 9657 Dharakote 773 1258 345500 3565 583 1267 12010 Chikiti 11671416 0 333 5377 13161367 12350 Chatrapur 7741032 042 7445 719 1292 9674 Buguda 382464 44 540 5509 580 1543 11409 Bhanjanagar 944 1580 151 900 6573 11991245 6697 Bellaguntha 344 750 012 3980 1035 1539 11123 Aska 843 1528 73 500 5465 0 0 0 0

Map-44 Block wise Major and Medium Irrigation Projects in Ganjam

86 Map-45 Block wise Minor Irrigation Projects in Ganjam

Map-46 Block wise Other Irrigation Projects in Ganjam

87

Map-47 Blockwise Total irrigattion Projects in Ganjam

Ganjam district has a total cultivable area of 434000 ha. Out of which irrigation facility has been provided to 247900 ha. This amounts to irrigated facility at above 57% (57.12%) of the total cultivable area. On priority basis medium/minor irrigation projects and lift irrigation points will be constructed in the district to increase the percentage of irrigation. Irrigation facility is aimed to be increased to 75% of cultivable area. This increase of about 18% will be achieved in 12 years @ of 1.5% per annum by Major/Medium/Minor Irrigation Projects, Lift Irrigation Points, Dug wells and through renovation of tanks. The cultivators will be motivated to make crop diversification and to make optimum utilization of Irrigation water to increase their income.

Minor irrigation covers irrigation projects having ayacut area of 40 to 2000 ha. This Scheme has importance due to its characteristics such as low gestation, less investment and quick benefit. The minor irrigation projects would contribute substantially in a few blocks of Ganjam such as Jagannath Prasad where there are no avenues for Major and Medium projects. The lift irrigation part of Minor irrigation was set-up to execute LI projects to create additional irrigation potential and handing over the same to the Pani Panchayats for operation and maintenance

Map-48 Block wise Gross crop area in Ganjam

88

Map-49 Block-wise Net crop area in Ganjam

Map-50 Blockwise area shown more than once

89

Map-51 Block wise crop intensity in Ganjam

Map-52 Blockwise Crop intensity with Net and gross area in Ganjam

90

The above maps relating to agricultural sector reveals that out of 22 blocks ,9 blocks (40%) have area more than 7000 ha under major and minor irrigation projects, Whereas, only 4 blocks(18%) have area less than 4000 ha under major and minor irrigation projects. The irrigation from other sources is not up to the mark. In this regard, only, 6 blocks (27%) have irrigation area from other sources between 2000 ha to 3000 ha. Taking these aspects in to consideration, the spatial pattern of net shown area, gross cropped area, and cropping intensity was analyzed and a comprehensive view was obtained. It is noticed that majority of southern blocks (17) 77%) have better cropping intensity varying between1.5 to 1.8. On the other hand only one block has cropping intensity above 2.00. From this it may be inferred that southern part of the district is relatively better developed. Horticulture will statistical data avialble which is in Table-85

4.2 Livestock: The livestock of the district are divided into small and large animals. The table –46 portrays the Ganjam district livestock details with regard to small animals. According to the statistics, there is significant consistency in livestock for all blocks in the Ganjam District. The table –46 describes the livestock details of large animals. It clearly indicates that there is a good numbers for livestock in all blocks of Ganjam District. The fig-31 depicts the spatial distribution of live stock status of the district. Large animals of Ganjam District constitute namely indigenous cattle, Crossbred cattle, Non-descript Buffaloes, Graded Buffalo and Draught animal Buffaloes, Yak, Bulls etc. and are found in all the blocks. The table in respect of large animal shows that Ganjam district has 556978 number Indigenous cattles, 20108 Crossbred cattles, 53866 number of Non-descript Buffaloes, 7157 Graded Buffalo and 209065 number Draught animal Buffaloes, Yak, Bulls. Various animal products of the district is outlined in table-47.As per available information for the year 2015, total milk production of the district is found

91 to be 117000.86 M.T. Similarly meat production in the same year is 6000.24 M.T. whereas the egg production is 5331.05lakhs.

Graph-71 Blockwise Large animals in Ganjam Blockwise Large animals in Ganjam

17205 1462 Sorada 326 44116 8644 1501 Seragada 388 20027 12112 2054 Sanakhemundi 312 30867 5204 4483 Rangeilunda 6507 14065 8428 3248 Purusottampur 405 22779 10523 1689 Polasara 536 27260 8651 3189 Patrapur 562 27380 7199 3323 Kukudakhandi 851 19714 10431 2401 Khallikote 815 28193 7480 1809 Kabisuryanagar 1219 17514 15311 Draught animal Buffaloes, Yak,Bulls,any other 2490 Jagannathprasad 324 43748 7528 2849 Graded Buffalo Hinjilicut 805 16320 7465 2950 Block NameBlock Ganjam 634 20299 Non-descript Buffaloes 8265 1623 Dharakote 216 23458 Crossbred cattle 16879 3405 Digapahandi 163 40558 6706 2107 Indigeno us cattle Chatrapur 607 18628 5212 2284 Chikiti 643 13749 2436 2315 Buguda 226 25813 15912 2052 Bhanjanagar 926 38238 8444 1363 Bellaguntha 1122 20120 10357 1601 Beguniapada 828 23393 8673 3668 Aska 1693 20739

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000

Numbers

Graph-72 Block wise Small animals in Ganjam Blockwise Livestock (small Animals)

Sorada Seragada Sanakhemundi Rangeilunda Purusottampur Polasara Patrapur Kukudakhandi Khallikote Kabisuryanagar Jagannathprasad Hinjilicut Sheep Ganjam Block Block Name Pig Dharakote Goats Digapahandi Chatrapur Ducks Chikiti Buguda Bhanjanagar Bellaguntha Beguniapada Aska

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

Numbers

92 Map-53 Blockwise Livestock (large animals)

Map-54 Blockwise Livestock (Small )

93 The district has equal potential from the point of livestock population and forms an important economic and livelihood aspect of the district. It is noticed that for each 100 population there are 15 large livestock population. Spatially, it is observed that 5 blocks have livestock population in between 30000 to 42000. In general, the south eastern part of the district has high large livestock population. The same phenomenon is also noticed in respect of small live stock population. For each 100 population there are 30 small livestock population in the district. This finding implies that proper Land use planning strategy need to be taken to bring development in this sector. 4.3 Industry: Industrial development is generally considered as the principal components of economic development and facilitates opportunities for employment generation and revenue augmentation. The Government has taken several proactive measures/initiatives to create a dynamic industrial sector with the enactment of important policies such as Industrial Policy Resolution-2015 & MSME policy 2015. The aim is to ensure broad base industrial growth along with generation of sustainable employment. On this perspective the industrial status of Ganjam district is analyzed. The District Industries Centre of Ganjam has come into existence in 1978. Prior to that, there were only two medium and large-scale industries and 620 SSI units. After establishment of DIC, support and services in various forms are being provided to prospective entrepreneurs for establishment of small scale/village and cottage industries. Further, the industrial policy resolutions such as of 1980, 1986, 1992 and 1996 declared by the state government have provided various incentives to SSI for their sustained growth. 36227 persons have been employed through 8580 number of SSI units in Ganjam. The district has three industrial estates located at Berhampur, Bhanjnagar and Chatrapur. Developed plots and sheds along with other infrastructural facilities like road, drainage, water supply and electricity are being provided by IDCO in these areas. The industrial scenario of Ganjam district is outlined in table 48. It is noticed that there are 9921 industrial units operating in the district along with 3 medium and large industrial units. The total employment generated by these industrial units found to be 27406. Interestingly, the large and medium industries only create 4504 employment where as other small industrial units create 22902 employment in the district. Similarly, the investment in small scale industries is recoded to be 258.6 crores and in case of large and medium scale industries it is 266.30 crores. It is further noticed that IDCO has taken steps to develop industrial sites to promote industrialization in the district. It has developed 5 sites and has allotted 63.5 acres of land for the purpose. It has allotted 65 industrial sites with all infrastructures to the prospective entrepreneurs. The details of the industrial sites are out lined in table –49 and Map-55. The growth trend of registered industrial units in the district is presented in table –50. It is observed that there is a steady growth of registered industrial units in the district. It means that there is a favourable situation for the entrepreneurs to open new industrial units in the district. As a result of this the industrial unit grew from 1013 in 1984to 3677 in 2012. Similarly the employment also rose from 7989 to 27406 during same period. An analysis has also been undertaken to know the status of micro and small artisans in the district and same is given in table–51. It is noticed that there are 9921 total such units in the district and provide employment to 52296 persons.

94 The sector wise analysis shows that repairing and service units are highest in the district. Similarly, the agro based units are found to be next highest units in the district. However, other important units relating to engineering and metal, textile and glass and ceramic are also exist in the district. Indian Rare Earths Ltd., Chatrapur is the large scale industry of the district. Basing on this industrial unit and other medium scale industrial units there are certain downstream industries existing in Brahmapur and Chatrapur. These industries are as follows. M/s. Oriental Zirconia M/s. Zircotech Industries M/s. Altech Minerals M/s. Modern Chemicals M/s. Blast Abrasive Other medium scale industries are: 1. M/s. Aska Co-operative Sugar Industries, Aska 2. M/s. Jayashree Chemicals (P) Ltd., Ganjam

In addition to this other service sector enterprises are also functioning in the district and are listed below. 1. STD/ISD Telephone Booth 2. Laundry & Dry Cleaning 3. Dhabas, 4. Motels 5. Beauty Parlour 6. DTP Centre 7. Automobile Garage 8. Photo Binding 9. Watch Repairing 10. IT Kiosks 11. General Fabrication.

Industrial Scenerio of Ganjam District 2013

Sl.No. Head Unit Particulars

1 Registered industrial unit NO. 3677 2 Total industrial unit(gip) NO. 9921 3 Total medium & large unit NO. 3 4 Total employment in registred small scale industries NO. 27406 5 Total employment in large and medium industries NO. 4505 6 No.of industrial area / estates NO. 5 Total investment in plant & machinery of small scale 7 IN LAKHS 25861.62 industries Total investment in plant & machinery in medium & 8 IN CRORES 266.3 large scale industries Source: Brief industrial profile of Ganjam district -2012- 2013

The district has three medium scale industrial units namely, M/S Jayashree Chemicals (P) Ltd., M/S Aska Cooperative Sugar Industries and M/S Indian Rare Earths Ltd. Jayashree Chemicals located in Ganjam produces caustic soda, hydrochloric acid and chlorine with an investment

95 of Rs.28.37 crore and has 580 employees. The Sugar Mill in Aska produces sugar, rectified spirit and Carbon dioxide and employs 2526 people with an investment of Rs.17.78 crore. Indian Rare Earths produces Illuminite, Silliminite, Zircon, Rutil and Garnet. It is located in Matikhal and employs 1398 people with an investment of Rs.220.15 crore. Aska Spinning Mill, which was earlier under public sector, has been privatized and runs as a private unit. Industrial Sites Developed By Idco in Ganjam District 2013 Sl.No. Name of Ind. Total Land Prevailing Total Sheds No of No. of Units Area/Indl. Estate Land (in Allotted Land Rate Shed Allotted/U Vacant in Production Acres) (In Acres) Per sed Sheds Acre/Rs. In lakh

1 Berhampur 13.138 9.224 30 54 54 0 NA 2 Auto Nagar -PH-I 28.052 16.559 30 0 0 0 NA Auto Nagar -PH- 3 II 46.125 7.816 30 0 0 0 NA 4 Chhatrapur 34.535 17.311 20 4 4 0 NA 5 Bhanjanagar 17.993 12.595 10 8 0 8 NA 139.84 Total 3 63.505 66 58 8 NA Source: Brief industrial profile of Ganjam district -2012- 2013

Map-55 Block wise Industries of Ganjam District

Source: District Industries Center of Ganjam -2016 The above map graphically analyses the industrial locations in different blocks of the district. It is observed there is a wide variation in respect of location of industries. Most of the blocks located adjacent to coast, rail and road connection have industrial units in comparison to other blocks of the blocks. In this regard, blocks like Khalikote, Chatrapur, Rangeilunda, Kukudakhandi, Patrapur, Aska and Ganjam are better industrialized than other blocks. For a balanced development and use land

96 suitability other blocks need to be industrially developed so that better employment opportunity can be created for those blocks. Graph-73 Ganjam Industrial Status Ganjam Industrial Area Status

8

8 Paper & Paper Production 910 631.78 181

0

4 Forest & Wood Based 1671 229.69 332 No of Vacant Sheds 0

0 Sheds Allotted/Used Textile based 3753 773.63 Total Shed 858 EMPLOYMENT 0 INVESTMENT(Lakh Rs.)

0 Name of theof Name Industrial Area Agro-based 13569 8071.87 NUMBER OF UNITS 2368

0

54 Misc. Manufacturing 2083 1261 410

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

Area in Acres

Graph-74 Types of Industries, number of unit, investment and employment opportunity in Ganjam Types of Industry, number of Units, Investment and Employment Opportunity in Ganjam

Repairing & Servicing

Electrical & Electronics

Engg. & Metal Based

Glass & Ceramics

Chemical & Allied

Rubber & Plastic

Livestock & Leather

Paper & Paper Production

Forest & Wood Based

Textile based

Agro-based

Misc. Manufacturing

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

Misc. Forest & Paper & Textile Livestock & Rubber & Chemical & Glass & Engg. & Electrical & Repairing & Manufacturi Agro-based Wood Paper based Leather Plastic Allied Ceramics Metal Based Electronics Servicing ng Based Production 2083 13569 3753 1671 910 208 686 3288 11756 5522 289 8531 1261 8071.87 773.63 229.69 631.78 54.71 1476.29 2149.07 2698.42 3710.68 94.32 4710.16 410 2368 858 332 181 42 138 439 833 1097 68 3155

The above graph presents the types of industry, number of units, investment and employment pattern of the district. It is interesting notice that agro based glass and ceramic, repair and servicing industries are flourishing in the district. Besides this, textile, chemical and engineering and metal base industries are coming very well in the next line to provide adequate employment to local people. It is further seen that in terms of employment

97 opportunity, repairing and servicing industries top the list. Similarly agro based industries in general also provide better employment for people of the district. This aspect needs to be considered while preparing industrial plan for the district.

Graph-75 Industrial registration, Employment and investment in Ganjam

Industrial registration, emplyment and Investment in Ganjam

2010-11 100 622 693.2 151 1034 396.9 2008-09 151 1187 513.2 151 2084 896.94 2006-07 149 1030 444.22 150 1016 453.79 2004-05 140 830 334.26 140 648 250.59 2002-03 168 532 116.94 165 741 317.87 2000-01 119 577 141.29 128 1089 659.91 1998-99 39 445 462.62 57 635 128.82 1996-97 134 1245 507.29 98 660 238.5 1994-95 68 399 185.42 52 398 224.5 1992-93 48 424 55.44 110 661 93.44 1990-91 66 616 133.4 47 551 193.83 1988-89 69 647 128.12 47 256 46.36 1986-87 6060.67 653 57 437 93.9 1984-85 1013 7989 544.8

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

1984-85 1985-86 1986-87 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

#REF! 1013 57 60 47 69 47 66 110 48 52 68 98 134 57 39 128 119 165 168 140 140 150 149 151 151 151 100 #REF! 7989 437 60.67 256 647 551 616 661 424 398 399 660 1245 635 445 1089 577 741 532 648 830 1016 1030 2084 1187 1034 622 #REF! 544.8 93.9 653 46.36 128.12 193.83 133.4 93.44 55.44 224.5 185.42 238.5 507.29 128.82 462.62 659.91 141.29 317.87 116.94 250.59 334.26 453.79 444.22 896.94 513.2 396.9 693.2

Graph- 76 Exiting Micro and small Artisan Entrepreneur in Ganjam

98 Exiting Micro and Small Artisan Enterprises in Ganjam

8531 4710.16 Repairing & Servicing 3155

289 94.32 Electrical & Electronics 68

5522 3710.68 Engg. & Metal Based 1097

11756 2698.42 Glass & Ceramics 833

3288 2149.07 Chemical & Allied 439

686 1476.29 Rubber & Plastic 138

208 54.71 Livestock & Leather 42

910 631.78 Paper & Paper Production 181

1671 229.69 Forest & Wood Based 332

3753 773.63 Textile based 858

13569 8071.87 Agro-based 2368

2083 1261 Misc. Manufacturing 410

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

Misc. Forest & Wood Paper & Paper Livestock & Chemical & Glass & Engg. & Metal Electrical & Repairing & Agro-based Textile based Rubber & Plastic Manufacturing Based Production Leather Allied Ceramics Based Electronics Servicing 2083 13569 3753 1671 910 208 686 3288 11756 5522 289 8531 1261 8071.87 773.63 229.69 631.78 54.71 1476.29 2149.07 2698.42 3710.68 94.32 4710.16 410 2368 858 332 181 42 138 439 833 1097 68 3155 It is observed that industrial registration is steadily growing in the district. The unusual record of industrial registration in the year 1984 may be explained as a boosting mechanism adopted to enhance industrial development in the district. As observed earlier, agro based and repairing and servicing industries are most preferred industrial units in the district.

4.4 Tourisim: It is one of the important sectors of district and state economy. It has great potential to stimulate economy growth and generate substantial employment. Ganjam has high potential in tourism spots in comparison to other districts. It is rich in temples, monuments and heritages. The district has more than twenty tourism spots with encircling green hills, streams and wide sea beach at Gopalapur. Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon Chilika at Rambha, beautiful surroundings of Taratarini hill and river Rushikulya, Budhakhola and Biranchi Narayan Wooden Temples at Buguda are also present. Dense forest cover Sinhasini at Polasar, Eco-tourism forest at Bhettnoi and Babanpur with Black Buck, magnificient flowing streams at Nirmalajhar with old temple, gateway goddess Narayani at khalikote, Ghodahada dam, Sapneswar temple, Parsuram Kunda at Tumba hill range, Panchama, Sidhhavaiarbi at Rangeilunad are some of the key tourism features. It can contribute more towards the district and state income if properly developed as tourism spots of significance at the state and the national level. With proper perspective tourism sector can give a boost both to employment and income generation in rural and urban areas.

Map- 56 Important Tourist Places of Ganjam District- 2015

99

Tourism is now emerging as an important economic sector to boost employment and revenue for the state. In this regard Ganjam has high potential in tourism in comparison to other districts. It is rich in temples, monuments and heritages. The district has more than twenty two tourist spots with green hills, streams and wide sea beach, religious places, heritage sites, etc that attract tourists to Ganjam. The largest brackish water lagoon Chilika at Rambha, beautiful surroundings of Taratarini hill, Budhakhola and Biranchi Narayan Wooden Temples at Buguda , dense forest cover Sinhasini at Polasar, Eco-tourism forest at Bhettnoi and Babanpur with Black Buck, magnificent flowing streams at Nirmaljhar with old temple, gateway goddess Narayani at Khalikote, Ghodahada dam, Sapneswar temple, Parsuram Kunda at Tumba hill range, Panchama, Sidhhavaiarbi at Rangeilunda are some of attractive tourist place of the district. The detail list of the tourist spots are presented in table -52. It is observed that annually, 26.83 lakhs of domestic tourists and 1634 foreign tourists visited all the spots of the district. The fig-35 presents the tourist places of Ganjam district. The connectivity to all the tourist spots of the district are analysed and presented in table –53 and map 57. Map and table reveals that all most all tourist places are connected by bus service from district head quarters of the district. In addition to these tourists spots, Ganjam district is famous for its heritage ports that has historical importance linked to maritime commercial activities of the then Kalinga. These ports are Gopalpur (Mansurkota),Manikapatna, Ganja (carepare), Palur (Dantapur), Sonepur (Sinevare) Barua, Pandit Port, Babanpadu Port and lastly the Kalingapatnam. The extensive Sea-Coast, the abundant harvest of paddy, vegetables, coconuts and the profuse forest products attracted the outsiders, the European navigators and the non-Oriya traders to undertake trade and commerce. This necessitated for the maritime activities in navigation and commercial activities in Ganjam. In order to develop the tourists spots the government has taken steps certain projects in the district and same is out lined in table –54.

100 Map- 57 Connectivity status of Important Tourist Place of Ganjam District 2015

It is noticed that most of the tourist spots are connected with major roads like NH,SH, and district roads. It is definitely a good shine for tourist development. Out of the total centres,11 are connected through NH, 6 are connected through SH and 2 are connected through district road.Contrastingly,5 centers are connected through village roads that needs imprudent for better communication .

4.5 Mining:

Ganjam is very rich in natural resources like abrasives and grinding materials, limestone (kankar), manganese, monazite, sand and talc. Garnetiferous granitic gnashes and charanokites are used for manufacturing of grinding stones in the district. White clay deposits are also found in different areas of the district. Other mineral resources of the district are depicted in table-55. The production of mineral sand of Ganjam district is recoded to be 179000 M.T. The area under of the working mines are found to be 2464.05 hectares and total employment in is observed to be 1104 persons. The detail of mines of the district is presented in Map –58 and details mines of the state presented in Map-59.

Map-58 Mineral Resource of the District

101

Map-59 Mineral Resources of Odisha

A detail analysis has been made in previous chapters in respect mining resource of the district. Hence that analysis may be referred for interpretation.

4.6 Fishery:

102 Ganjam is potentially rich in inland and Brackish Water Fisheries. It has coastline of 60 km. with 26 fishing villages and 14 fish landing centers. There are about 20000 fishermen population dependent on inland, Brackish Water and marine fisheries. The available inland water resources are 27686 ha. out of which 8321.33 ha. are ponds and 19364.91 ha. are reservoirs. The area developed till 31st March 1994 was 5005.42 ha. (pond) and 1910 ha (reservoirs).

The brackish water fisheries development agency had surveyed the area suitable for brackish water prawn culture in the 5 coastal blocks viz. Chatrapur, Ganjam, Khalikote, Rangeilunda and Chikiti and found that 2845.26 ha. are available for development; of this 2394.35 ha. belongs to government and 450.90 ha. belongs to private owners.

Ganjam is in a strategic position in fisheries. This district has a long stretch of marine coastline and a number of water bodies. At present, there are 9,631 freshwater tanks and Minor Irrigation Projects, comprising 18,426 ha of water area. Out of these water bodies, 6,329 water bodies comprising 11,417 ha water area have been in use for pisciculture. Brackish water area comprises of 4,142 ha and 3,280 ha have been developed for shrimp farming. Fish production from all sources during 2011-12 was 43972.75 MT, comprising 11.51 percent of the States fish production during that year. The fish production is steadly growing and it is observed to be 52225.86 M.T in the year 2015. Brackish and marine fishing take place in Chhatrapur, Chikiti, Ganjam, Khalikote and Rangeilunda blocks of Ganjam district. There is a great scope for both current fisher-folk and future new entrants (mostly youth) to participate in the development of fisheries and take it up as a main occupation with the prospect of earning a reasonable level. The production fishery in the district and the blocks is presented in table-57. Graph- 77 Block wise Fish Production in Ganjam

Blockwise Fish Production in Ganjam

2089.65 Sorada 2089.65 1251 Seragada 1251 1698 Sanakhemundi 1698 6138.41 Rangeilunda 1454 2948.59 Purusottampur 2948.59 1805.5 Polasara 1805.5 1200 Patrapur 1200 1415.3 Kukudakhandi 1415.3 2042.65 Khallikote 1445.3 1837 Kabisuryanagar 1837 1762.5 Jagannathprasad 1762.5 Production of Fish(In MT) Total 1168 Hinjilicut 1168 Production of Fish(In MT) Marine Water

Block NameBlock 3754.92 Ganjam 1486 Production of Fish(In MT) Brakish Water 1308.18 Production of Fish(In MT) Fresh Water Dharakote 1308.18 2360.75 Digapahandi 2360.75 5559.41 Chatrapur 1813.45 4364.78 Chikiti 1200.83 1726 Buguda 1726 2636.4 Bhanjanagar 2636.4 1758 Bellaguntha 1758 2021.83 Beguniapada 2021.83 1379 Aska 1379

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

Unit

Map-60 Block wise fish Production in Ganjam

103

It is noticed that the fish production is relatively high in blocks adjacent to coastal area. Interestingly, marine water fish production is more in blocks like Chikiti, Chatrapur Ganjam and Rangeilunda. However, fresh water fish production is relatively high in all blocks excluding Hinjilicut, Buguda Aska and Ganjam. Brackish water fish production is not up to the mark in the district.

4.7 Commerce:

The commercial activities are undertaken in Ganjam in both organized sector and private sector. Major commodities of commercial and trade activities relates to agriculture, forest, milk ,egg, meat fish, handicraft, house hold industries, products of self help group, manufacturing products of industries, day today commodities of general people, inputs of agriculture and other primary sectors, banking etc. All the Towns of the district actually functions as the main trade centers of their fringe area dealing with all the above commercial activities. Thus, all the growth nodes selected for the purpose of this exercise can be considered as commercial activities centers of the district. However, data on commercial activities in private sector is not available for spatial and quantitative analysis. Hence, commercial activities pertaining organized sectors involving co-operative societies, marketing societies, credit co-operative societies, co-operative banks, commercial banks are analysed. The details of the Co-operative structure of the district are presented in table–58. It is seen from the table that there are 399 primary agriculture co-operative socities, 6 housing cooperative societies, 34 consumer co-operative societies and 6 marketing cooperative societies operating in the district. The block wise picture of co-operative societies is outlined in the table-58, 59, 60, 61, 62 & 63. In addition to this there are three important hats that facilitate rural trading of all kinds. As per data on 2015 there were 2015 banks in the district. Graph- 78 Activity of Primary Agricultural Credit Co-operative Societies in different Blocks of Ganjam

104 Activities of Primary Agricultural Credit Co-operative Socities in different Blocks of Ganjam

Sorada Seragada Sanakhemundi Rangeilunda Purusottampur Polasara Patrapur Kukudakhandi Khallikote Kabisuryanagar Loans out standing Jagannathprasad Loans Overdue Hinjilicut Loans advance Ganjam Working Capital

Name of theof Name Block Dharakote Digapahandi Membership(No) Chatrapur No.of Societies. Chikiti Buguda Bhanjanagar Bellaguntha Beguniapada Aska

0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000

Unit

Graph-79 Primary Non-Agricultural cooperative credit societies in different blocks of district Activities of Primary Non-Agricultural Credit Co-operative Socities in different Blocks of Ganjam

Sorada Seragada Sanakhemundi Rangeilunda Purusottampur Polasara Patrapur Kukudakhandi Khallikote Kabisuryanagar Loans Outstanding Jagannathprasad Loans Overdue Hinjilicut Loans Advanced Ganjam

Name oftheBlocks Name Working Capital Dharakote Membership (No) Digapahandi Chatrapur No. of Societies Chikiti Buguda Bhanjanagar Bellaguntha Beguniapada Aska

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

Unit

Graph-80 Primary Non-Agricultural cooperative credit societies in different urban areas of district

105 Primary Non-Agriculture Credit Co-operative Socities in digfferenrt Areas

25000

20000

15000 Number 10000

5000

0 ASKA(NAC) BELAGUNT BERHAMP BHANJANA BUGUDA( CHHATRAP CHIKITI(NA DIGAPAHA GANJAM( GOPALPUR HINJILICUT KABISURY KHALLIKOT KODALA(N POLOSARA PURUSOTT RAMBHA( SORADA(N HA(NAC) UR(M.COR GAR(NAC) NAC) UR(NAC) C) NDI(NAC) NAC) (NAC) (NAC) ANAGAR(N E(NAC) AC) (NAC) AMPUR(N NAC) AC) P) AC) AC) Membership (No) 0 0 1762 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Working Capital 0 0 24690 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Loans Advanced 0 0 18210 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Loans Overdue 0 0 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Loans Outstanding 0 0 18210 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Graph-81 Marketing Co-operative societies in different blocks of Ganjam Marketing Co-Operative Socities in different Blocks of Ganjam

30000

25000

20000

No. of Societies 15000 Unit Membership (No)

10000 Share Capital by Govt. Working Capital 5000 Business Turnover Profit(+) or Loss(-) 0

Block Name

106 Map-61 Block wise Primary Agricultural cooperative Societies of Ganjam

Map-62 Block wise Primary Non-Agricultural Cooperative Societies of Ganjam

107 Map-63 Non-Agricultural Cooperative Societies in different ULBs of Ganjam

Map-64 Block wise Marketing Cooperative societies of Ganjam

108 Map-65 Marketing Cooperative societies in different Urban Areas of Ganjam

Block wise spatial pattern of the agricultural societies reveals that 7 blocks show better performance in utilising the faculty for agriculture. These blocks are mostly located in the Northern and central part of the district. Other blocks in this regard do not show good result .Similarly, Performance non agricultural credit societies are also found to be better in blocks located in coastal, central and northern part of the district. This observation implied that there is a necessity to cover all the blocks uniformly so that agricultural as well as other economic sector gets boosted for enhancing the livelihood of the people in the district. 4.8 Education: As revealed in the 2011 census, the Ganjam district showed a remarkable change in the level of literacy. The literacy rate has progressively improved from 46.72 percent in 1991 to 71.09 percent in 2011. However, this literacy level is still less than the state average of 72.87 percent in 2011. But, contrastingly, the female literacy level has also shown significant increase of 31.26 percent as compared to the increase in male literacy rate. As per 2011 census, male and female literacy levels in the district have been reported to be 80.99 percent and 61.13 percent respectively.

Graph- 82 Ganjam District Literacy rate

109

Source: Census of India Total schools: The district has 5448 schools of which 3598 are primary, 1320 are upper primary and 530 are secondary schools. Table –64 describes the status of different types of schools in rural and urban areas of the district. As per Human Development report, Ganjam 2013, out of the total number of schools, nearly 81 percent are government schools, 13 percent are under Education Guarantee Schemes and Innovative Education schemes and the rest are private schools. Surada has the lowest percentage of Government schools (68 percent), whereas Chikiti has the highest (95 percent). The percentage of private schools is highest in Jagannathprasad block (10.69 percent). In urban areas, the percentage of private schools is relatively higher (28 percent) in comparison to rural areas. However, Government schools account for 72 percent of total schools. But this picture also varies in urban areas. Interestingly, Government schools in blocks have a higher number of students. Primary Schools: As analysed in the Ganjam Human Development report 2013, almost all the primary schools in government sector have pucca building. Currently 76 percent of primary schools have toilet facilities and 52 percent schools have toilet facility for girls at block level. Further, about 46 percent schools have playground and 15 percent schools have compound wall at block level. A number of steps have been taken to improve the infrastructure facilities in schools. Among Upper Primary Schools at block level, 89 percent have drinking water facilities and 81 percent have toilet facilities. The block level upper primary schools have better facilities in terms of toilets for both boys and girls. In urban areas, upper primary schools are better off in all facilities. Primary School accessibility: Distance to school is considered as an important indicator of accessibility of children to primary education. It is interesting to note that more than 90 percent of villages in Ganjam district have schools within one km. However, In the case of upper primary schools, only 26 percent villages are located within three km radius of a school (Ganjam Human Development Report-2013) Table-65. It indicates that there is a need of either upgrading some lower primary schools, or opening up more upper primary schools close to villages so as to enhance the accessibility of children to school. Secondary School: There are 423 secondary schools that provide secondary education with a net enrollment of 69,499 students which includes 58.90 percent boys and 41.10 percent girls by 2007. The highest number of secondary schools is located in Aska (28) and Digapahandi (28) blocks with the lowest in Chikiti block (12). There are 82 secondary schools in urban areas of Ganjam district. Of them 38 percent are in Brahmapur Municipality. About 32,455 students are enrolled in these schools where 47.58 percent are girls and 52.42 percent are boys (Table -66, & 67).

110 Colleges: The district has 83 colleges imparting higher education. Of them, 44 are in blocks while 39 are in urban areas. Out of total colleges, 12 are women’s colleges and most them are locked in urban areas (11) particularly in Brahmapur Municipality. Among all blocks and urban areas, Brahmapur Municipality has the maximum number of colleges, i.e., 14. It is observed, that the number of colleges for women in the district, particularly in rural areas are less in number. (Table– 68, 69, & 70)

Technical education:-There are two governments Industrial Technical Institutes (ITI) in Ganjam district viz., Industrial Training Institute, Brahmapur and Industrial Training Institute, Chhatrapur. The latter is only for women while the former is for both men and women. Table- IX-5 describes the availability of technical educational institutes and their strengths. In Ganjam at present, there are 210 private technical institutions with total student strength of 3,556. They offer various trades including cutting and sewing, electrician, electronic, mechanic and fitter among others. Engineering colleges in Ganjam include Parla Maharaja Engineering College at Government level and National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) with 450 seats, Roland Institute of Technology (RIT) with 300 seats and Sanjay Memorial Institute of Technology (SMIT) with 360 seats at private level. Other technical colleges include Brahmapur School of engineering and Technology (BSET) DUCP Engineering School and Brahmapur Women’s Polytechnic. Graph-83 Block wise educational Institutions in Ganjam 2014-15

Graph-84 Educational Institutions in ULBs of Ganjam

111 Educational Institutions in Urban Areas of Ganjam

17 3 3 Sorada 11 17 2 4 Rambha 11 13 0 3 Purusottampur 10 24 3 4 Polasara 17 15 3 2 Kodala 10 20 5 3 Khalikote 12 22 5 2 Kabisuryanagar 15 17 4 0 Hinjili 13 10 2 3 Gopalpur 5 Total No. Of School 19 3 6

Ganjam 10 Secondary School ULB Name ULB 16 2 3 Upper Primary School Digapahandi 11 17 4 3 Primary School Chikiti 10 33 7 7 Chhatrapur 19 22 3 6 Buguda 13 24 4 4 Bhanjanagar 16 228 42 48 Berhampur 138 17 3 4 Belaguntha 10 33 6 6 Aska 21

0 50 100 150 200 250

Numbers

Map-66 Block wise Educational Institutions of Ganjam

Map-67 Educational Institutions in ULBs of Ganjam

112

Map-68 Accessibility Of Primary Schools in Ganjam District

Map-69 Number of Secondary schools in Ganjam districts in different Blocks

113

Map-70 Blcokwise student college ratio in Ganjam

Map-71 Number of Students in colleges of Ganjam -Urban Areas

114

Colleges of Ganjam District -2007

Block/ULB/District General Women Total Blocks 43 1 44 ULBS 28 11 39

District 71 12 83 Source: - Ganjam, Human Development Report 2013

Graph-85 Colleges in Ganjam

Colleges in Ganjam

43 44 45 39 40

35 28 30

25 Blocks

Number 20 ULBS

15 11

10

5 1

0 General Women Total

Type of Colleges

Graph-86: Educational Institutions in Ganjam 2014-15

115 Educational Institutions in Ganjam-2014-15

Sorada Seragad Sanakhemundi Rangeilunda Purusottampur Polasara Patrapur Kukudakhandi Khallikote Kabisuryanagar Jagannathprasad Total No. Of School

Hinjilicut Secondary School Block Name Block Ganjam Upper Primary School Digapahandi Primary School Dharakote Chikiti Chhatrapur Buguda Bhanjanagar Bellaguntha Beguniapada Aska

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Numbers

Graph-87 Accessibility to Primary Schools from Habitation in Ganjam

Accessibility of Primary schools to habitation in Ganjam

379 Aska Sorada 400 Beguniapada

Seragad 350 Bellaguntha

300 Sanakhemundi 210 Bhanjanagar 250 143 273 121200 131 Rangeilunda 178 114 Buguda 150

100 116 4 6 135 Total No. Of Habitations 29 4 11 26 Purusottampur 50 Chhatrapur 122 1 12 147 3 5 Primary School No. of Habitation covered by Primary 0 26 5 School(with in 1km) 135 16 10 155 4 Polasara 0 0 9 Chikiti Primary School No.Of Habitations without 1 0 PrimarySchools/EGS(within 1km)) 211 65 231 144140 82 Patrapur 83 Dharakote 399 144 261

Kukudakhandi Digapahandi 267

Khallikote 273 Ganjam Kabisuryanagar Hinjilicut Jagannathprasad

Graph-88 Accessibility to Upper Primary Schools from Habitation in Ganjam

116

Accessibility of Upper Primary Schools to Habitation in Ganjam

379 Aska Sorada 400 Beguniapada Seragad 350 Bellaguntha 300 Sanakhemundi 210 Bhanjanagar 250 152 143 273 200 131 Rangeilunda 178 114 Buguda 150 60 44 46 42 47 59 100 54 135 Total No. Of Habitations 116 36 6 1 0 2 Purusottampur 47 50 6 43 Chhatrapur 0 22 147 122 44 49 Upper Primary School No.of Habitations Having UPS 0 0 0 4425 0 37 Facility in 3 km Area 135 0 155 55 0 0 3441 Polasara 0 3 Chikiti Upper Primary School No. of Habitations without 52 1 0 44 74 ups Facility in 3 km Area 66 47 35 54 65 231 144 82 Patrapur 91 Dharakote 399 144 261 Kukudakhandi Digapahandi 267

Khallikote 273 Ganjam Kabisuryanagar Hinjilicut Jagannathprasad

Graph-89 Number of secondary schools and total number of boys and girls in different Urban areas Number of secondary schools and Total number of Boys and Girls indifferent Urban areas

467 655 Sorada 1122 235 381 Rambha 616 581 531 Purusottampur 1112 595 610 Polasara 1205 433 294 Kodala 727 326 495 Khalikote 821 758 876 Kabisuryanagar 1634 836 937 Hinjili 1773 124 118 Gopalpur 242 Girls 307 436 Ganjam 743 Boys 447 494 Digapahandi 941 Total

Name of theof Name Blocks 339 455 Chikiti 794 No.of Secondary Schools 1102 986 Chhatrapur 2088 521 627 Buguda 1148 771 823 Bhanjanagar 1594 6322 7069 Berhampur 13391 497 350 Belaguntha 847 777 870 Aska 1647

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

Numbers

Graph-90 Number of Secondary Schools with SC and ST student in different ULBs

117 Number of Secondary Schools with SC and ST student in ULBS

18 168 Sorada 1122 17 250 Rambha 616 0 271 Purusottampur 1112 11 111 Polasara 1205 2 63 Kodala 727 5 43 Khalikote 821 13 108 Kabisuryanagar 1634 2 243 Hinjili 1773 0 38 Gopalpur 242 11 ST Ganjam 152 743 SC 3 Name oftheBlock Name Digapahandi 79 941 Total 18 95 Chikiti 794 38 275 Chhatrapur 2088 11 101 Buguda 1148 26 228 Bhanjanagar 1594 110 1000 Berhampur 13391 25 48 Belaguntha 847 13 160 Aska 1647

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

Numbers

Graph-91 College Status in Ganjam College Status in Ganjam

600

526

500 459 451 427

400 350 314 294 300 277 unit 264 269 268 234 231 217 203 189 200 164 171

112 120 95 100 44 51 40 41 39 39 33 37 35 33 35 27 31 30 30 25 26 27 31 25 23 0 0 0 Aska Begunia Bellagun Bhanjan Buguda Chhatra Chikiti Dharako Digapah Ganjam Hinjilicu Jaganna Kabisury Khallikot Kukudak Patrapu Polasara Purusott Rangeilu Sanakhe Seragad Sorada pada tha agar pur te andi t thprasa anagar e handi r ampur nda mundi d Boy (percentage) 73 69 70 60 59 61 70 75 74 73 61 67 63 56 69 65 75 67 77 65 49 0 Girlspercentage) 27 31 30 40 41 39 30 25 26 27 39 33 37 44 31 35 25 33 23 35 51 0 SC (percentage) 6.37 12.95 5.31 8.99 7.16 10.42 6.72 7.43 9.14 13.1 16.08 6.32 2.44 12.57 9.37 7.92 8.21 11.67 7.98 4.2 7.37 0 ST(percentage) 2.95 3.57 0.55 2.57 0 0.95 1.95 0.53 5.93 0.12 0.96 0.22 0.61 0.57 1.32 5.07 0 0.83 1.33 0.25 2.63 0 Student-college Ratio 526 112 427 234 217 264 231 189 203 277 314 459 164 350 171 269 268 120 451 294 95 0 Gender Parity Index 0.37 0.45 0.43 0.66 0.7 0.65 0.43 0.33 0.35 0.38 0.64 0.5 0.59 0.78 0.45 0.55 0.34 0.5 0.29 0.55 1.02 0

Graph-92 Block wise Student and College Ratio

118 Blockwise Student and College ratio

Sorada Seragad Sanakhemundi Rangeilunda Purusottampur Polasara Patrapur Kukudakhandi Khallikote Kabisuryanagar Jagannathprasad Series4 Hinjilicut

Ganjam Series3 Block NmaeBlock Digapahandi Series2 Dharakote Series1 Chikiti Chhatrapur Buguda Bhanjanagar Bellaguntha Beguniapada Aska Name Of Block

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Unit in percentage

Graph-93 Number of Colleges in different ULBs Number of Colleges in different ULBs

14000 13391

12000

10000

8000 7069 6322

Number 6000

4000

2088 1773 2000 1647 1594 1634 1148 1205 9861102 941 937 1112 1122 870777 847 823771 794 743 836 876758 821 727 497 627521 495 610595 531581 616 655 350 455339 494447 436307 326 433 381 467 118124242 294 235 0

Name of ULBs

4.9 Health: It is noticed that there is a great concern of the Government to improve the quality of public healthcare services in the state and in this regard, Ganjam district has initiated a number of schemes to improve the health care system. Map-93 outlines year-wise growth of public health institutions in Ganjam district. The public healthcare system in Ganjam comprises of referral institutions, including full-fledged hospitals, PHC and health sub-centers. Functionally these institutions are grouped into government clinics and dispensaries. The number of public health institutions did not increase significantly during the last decade. From 1994-95 to 1999-2000, the number of medical institutions went up from 189 to 197 (Figure–38). During the 10th Plan period, emphasis was laid on

119 public health programmes that resulted in increase in public health institutions from 197 in 1999-2000 to 230 in 2006-07. Graph-94 Blockwise distribution of Public Health Institutions in Ganjam

Blockwise Distribution of Public Health Institution in Ganjam

180

162 160 149 141 141 139 137139 137 140 132 127 127 125 126 122 122 119 121 119 120120 115 116 120 112 114 113 111 109 103 103 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

100 91 90

80 Number 80 64

60 50 51 50

40 27 23 23 24 23 25 25 22 20 21 20 20 22 21 21 19 17 17 19 17 19 20 15

0 Aska Beguniapad Belaguntha Bhanjanaga Buguda Chhatrapur Chikiti Dharakote Digapahand Ganjam Hinjilicut Jagannathpr Kabisuryana Khallikote Kukudakhan Patrapur Polasara Purasottam Rangailunda Sanakhemu Seragada Sorada a r i asad gar di pur ndi MCH 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 CHC 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 PHC 3 2 3 4 4 3 5 4 6 5 3 4 2 4 3 7 4 4 4 6 5 5 HSC 23 22 20 21 19 20 17 17 27 15 19 23 17 24 20 23 22 25 21 25 19 21 FTD 100 122 64 111 100 100 100 100 100 80 50 100 90 51 100 119 137 50 109 113 120 103 ASHA 132 119 122 127 115 139 112 103 162 91 121 114 127 141 125 116 139 137 141 149 120 126

Distribution of Public Health Institutions: Currently there are 230 public health facilities including 30 referral institutions. The distribution of health institutions by block is summarised in Table -71. Facilities include full- fledged hospitals, PHC and health sub centers. The referral healthcare chain runs from government clinics and dispensaries offering only out-patient treatment and PHC that provide basic in-patient facilities. This chain runs ultimately to government hospitals situated at the block, sub-division and district headquarters that offer full- fledged out-patient and in-patient services to the district population. During 2010-11, as many as 2,883 Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) were in position and 10 ASHA Gruha were in operation in the district. Public healthcare system in the district carries a heavy patient load, as indicated in Figure-37. Between 1999-2000 and 2010-11, the number of patients treated in public institutions increased by more than double from 12.42 lakhs in 1999-2000 to 25.04 lakhs in 2010-11, indicating preference for public health services.

Healthcare support resources: As per District Human Development report-2013, in Ganjam district, there were 202 doctors, 53 nurses and 1,722 beds in position to provide Allopathic health services to people. The number of allopathic doctors per one lakh population is 6.32. The number of nurses per one lakh population is still lower at 1.66. There are only 2.27 beds per ten thousand populations. During 2011, one homeopathic hospital and 43 dispensaries were functioning in Ganjam district with 39 doctors and 18 homeopathic assistants. During the year 2011, about 3.48 lakh patients availed homeopathic treatment from these hospitals and dispensaries.The number of homeopathic doctors per one lakh population is 1.06 and that of homeopathic assistants is 0.97.

Similarly, one Ayurvedic hospital and 48 dispensaries functioned in Ganjam district during 2011 with 68 doctors, three nurses and 31 Ayurvedic assistants. During 2011, about 4.75 lakh patient including 0.26 lakh indoor patient availed treatment in these Ayurvedic institutions. The ratio analysis shows that doctors per one lakh population, nurses per one lakh population and beds per ten thousand populations are 1.44, 0.13 and 0.31 respectively under

120 Ayurvedic health services system. Table –72 summarises the availability of doctors and nurses per lakh population and number of beds per 10,000 populations by block and the district as a whole. It may be observed that there are wide variations in the availability of doctors, nurses and beds in different blocks.

Access to Health Services: About 16.62 percent population of the district has access to the institutional health services within five km radius from their habitats. Another 29.66 percent population accesses institutional health services within connective circles of radius varying from 5 km to 10 km. The rest of 53.72 percent of population has to travel more than 10 km to avail health service in public health institutions. Table-73 analyses the status of access to health services by people by blocks. Graph- 95 Number of Patients Treated In Public Health Carefacilities In Ganjam-2000 - 2012 Blockwise Health care resource In Ganjam

Sorada Seragada Sanakhemundi Rangailunda Purasottampur Polasara Patrapur Kukudakhandi Ayurvedic No.of Beds per 10000 Population Khallikote Ayurvedic No.of Distributors per 1lakh Population Kabisuryanagar Ayurvedic No. of Nurses per 1lakh Population Jagannathprasad Ayurvedic No. of Doctors per 1lakh Population Hinjilicut

Block Block Name Homeopathic No. of Homeo. Assts. 1lakh Population Ganjam Homeopathic No. of Doctors per 1lakh Population Digapahandi Dharakote Allopathic No.of Beds per 10000 Population Chikiti Allopathic No. of Nurses per 1 lakh Population Chhatrapur Allopathic No. of Doctors per 1 lakh Population Buguda Bhanjanagar Belaguntha Beguniapada Aska

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Percentage

Graph-96 Blockwise Heath Care services Accessibility in Rural Areas of Ganjam 2007

121 Blockwise Health Care Services Accessibility in Rural Area of Ganjam-2007

239 Aska Tarasingi 250 Badagada

Sorada Bhanjanagar 200 135 Rambha Berhampur Sadar 103150 130 103 79.61 Ramagiri(P) 80.58 86.15 Buguda 100 85 42.2248.12 138 20.7422.18 96.9498 46 30.599.716.8 22.35 50 1.5419.57 Purusottamapur 38.41 Chhatrapur No. of Villages 15.22 98 3.06 73.9192 47.9618.37 7.61 Percent Distribution of villages by Distance from Health Center < 5 km 0 8.33 57.84 14.59 61.81 Percent Distribution of villages by Distance from Health Center 5-10 km 13.22 185 17.05 144 Percent Distribution of villages by Distance from Health Center >10 km Patrapur 0 41.86 Digapahandi 62.07 28.57 24.71 41.01 37.65 23.6619.4915.9816.6727 38.1726.27 129 174 85 Nuagano 58.76 6065 81.48 Gangapur

131 118 Kodala217 Golanthara

Khallikote Gopalpur

Kabisuryanagar 194 Hinjilicut Jarada

Map-72 Health Institution Map of Ganjam

122 Map-73 Location Health center sand with Buffering (1, 2, 3km) in Ganjam

Map-74 Location Health center and Buffering in Hinjilcut block

123 4.10 Drinking Water:

Drinking water provision is one of the basic infrastructures for sustenance of human life. It is noticed that in the district, there are 14,837 working tube wells in 5,513 villages, 386 sanitary wells in 329 villages, and 112 piped water supply in 229 villages. There are 415 villages/ hamlets without any source of safe drinking water facilities. From the primary survey, it was found that 83.16 percent households have access to safe drinking water. Graph-97 Block wise Percentage of HH with safe drinking water and Latrine facilities in Ganjam

Blockwise Percentage of HH with safe drinking water and Latrine Facilities in Ganjam

100

90

80

70

60

50

Percentage 40

30

20

10

0 Aska Beguni Belagu Bhanja Buguda Chhatr Chikiti Dharak Digapa Ganja Hinjilic Jagann Kabisur Khallik Kukuda Patrap Polasar Puraso Rangail Sanakh Seraga Sorada apada ntha nagar apur ote handi m ut athpra yanaga ote khandi ur a ttampu unda emund da sad r r i Safe Drinking Water 78.75 71.25 70 90 66.25 80 87.5 91.25 82.5 88.33 93.75 93.75 93.75 73.75 68.33 92.5 68.75 75 76.25 86.25 90 78.75 Latrine Facility 31.25 13.75 23.75 13.75 18.75 22.5 28.33 20 17.5 20.83 37.5 30 37.5 23.75 31.67 12.5 17.5 10 33.75 16.25 36.25 22.5

Graph-98 ULB wise Percentage of House hold with safe drinking water and latrine

ULB wise Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation situation in Ganjam 120

100 97.5 91.67 92.5 95 85 87.5 80 77.5 60 60 62.5 55 57.5 49.17 50 50 Percentage 40

20

0 Aska Berhampur Chhatrapur Ganjam Hinjilicut Kabisuryanagar Sorada Safe Drinking Water 77.5 91.67 85 92.5 97.5 87.5 95 Latrine Facility 55 49.17 50 60 50 62.5 57.5

Map-75 Block wise Percentage of Household with safe drinking water facilities

124

Map-76 Blockwise Percentage of House Hold with Safe Latrine Facility in Ganjam

4.11 Energy, Power and Telecommunication:

125 The consumption of electricity is observed to be 884.9million units. The consumption of electricity is presented in table- 73 7 74. As observed, 2627 villages are electrified constituting 93,4% of the villages of the district. The level of postal and telecommunication is analyzed table 75 ,76, & 77 and also presented in graph Graph-99 Division-wise Consumption of electricity in Ganjam 2013-14

Division-wise Consumption of Electricity in Ganjam District 2013-14

Large Industries (at 132 KV) Purusotampur Railway traction Power Intensive Industries Heavy Industries H.T (Total) Bhanjanagar Public Institution (above 100 K.W) Public Water Works (above 100 K.W) Bulk-Supply Domestic Aska(II) General Purpose

Mini Steel Plant Electricitydivision Large Industries (below 132 K.V.) L.T (Total) Aska(I) Other Public Institution (below 100 K.W) Public Water Works(below 100 K.W)

Digapahandi Public Lighting B) Private Irrigation A)O.L.I.C. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Medium Industries unit

Graph-100 Division wise Consumption of electricity in Ganjam district 2013-14 Division-Wise Consumption of Electricity in Ganjam District-2013-14

195.404 Category of Consumers / division 2 Domestic: 33.472 A) Urban B)Rural Kutir Jyoti Commercial: A)Urban B) Ganjam North 0.924 E.H.T (Total) 2.303 4.959 6 48.62 0 Large Industries (at 132 KV) 0

Berhampur(III) Railway traction 0.125 4.894 3.459 5 35.808 Power Intensive Industries 0

0 Electricity Division ElectricityDivision

Berhampur(II) Heavy Industries 2.407 2.751 11.455 67.483 4 H.T (Total) 34.681 34.681

Public Institution (above 100 K.W) Berhampur(I) 1.837 1.809 10.907 3 71.6 Public Water Works (above 100 K.W)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Unit

126 Map 96 depicts about LT and HT line of Ganjam. Only broadly division wise statistical data for different uses are presented in the graph 99 & 100. Consumption of electricity by the public institutions is in general observed to be at higher side in the district. Graph-101 Postal Network in different Blocks of Ganjam

Postal Network in different Blocks of Ganjam

Sorada Seragada Sanakhemundi Rangailunda Purasottampur Polasara Patrapur Kukudakhandi Kodala(Beguniapada)

Khallikote No. of Post Office Having Instant Money order Service(IMO) Kabisuryanagar No. of Post Office Having Speed Post Service Jagannathprasad No. of Post Office Total

Hinjilicut No. of Post Office Branch Post Office Name oftheBlock Name Ganjam No. of Post Office Sub Post Office Digapahandi No. of Post Office Head Post Office Dharakote Chikiti Chhatrapur Buguda Bhanjanagar Belaguntha Aska

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Number

Graph-102 Postal Network in different Urban and local bodies in Ganjam Postal Network in different urban local bodies in Ganjam

1 1 2 Sorada(NAC) 1 0 2 2 2 Rambha(NAC) 2 0 1 1 2 Purusottampur(NAC) 1 0 1 1 1 Polasara(NAC) 1 0 2 2 3 Kodala(NAC) 2 0 1 1 1 Khallikote(NAC) 1 0 1 3 3 No. of Post Office Having Instant Money order Kabisuryanagar(NAC) 3 0 Service(IMO) 1 2 2 Hinjilicut(NAC) 2 0 No. of Post Office Having Speed Post Service 1 1 1 Gopalpur(NAC) 1 0 1 No. of Post Office Total 1 ULBs 1 Ganjam(NAC) 1 0 2 2 2 No. of Post Office Branch Post Office Digapahandi(NAC) 2 0 1 1 1 Chikiti(NAC) 1 No. of Post Office Sub Post Office 0 3 3 3 Chhatrapur(NAC) 2 1 No. of Post Office Head Post Office 1 1 2 Buguda(NAC) 1 0 1 5 5 Bhanjanagar(NAC) 4 1 26 26 26 Berhampur(NAC) 25 1 1 2 2 Belaguntha(NAC) 2 0 1 6 6 Aska(NAC) 5 1

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Numbers

127 Map 77- HT and LT Power line of Ganjam

4.12 Forest, Ecology, Environment and Regulated Area:

Rapid growth in population, and increasing demands for scarce natural and other resources have led to environmental degradation in Ganjam district. The district is endowed with a verity of environmental features relating to land, forest, seashore, Chilika Lake, river, water reservoirs, springs and flora and fauna. From the point of land characteristics, the district is broadly divided into two divisions, the coastal plains area in the east and hill and table lands in the west. The Eastern Ghats run along the western side of the district. The plains lie between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. Since the hills are close to the sea, the rivers flowing from hills are not very long and are subject to sudden floods. The plains are narrow because of the absence of big rivers. The coastal plains in the east contain more fertile and irrigated lands. Towards the centre and south it is hilly with beautiful well watered valley. The south eastern portion is fertile. The western hilly tract is subject to land erosion and affects the environmental feature of area. The plain land is severely affected by natural calamities and activities resulting from continuous growth of population.

Forests tend to ameliorate local climates, add to environmental improvement and contribute significantly to ecological stability. However, degradation of forests due to increasing biotic interference has become a matter of concern. The total forests area is 3149 sq km and is 38.39% to the total geographical area of the district. Ganjam district come under the mix moist peninsular high and low level sal forests, tropical moist and dry deciduous forest and tropical deciduous forest which provide a wide range of raw materials. The forest sector in Ganjam has a rich biodiversity. The detail forest area classification has already been dealt earlier. It is from this angle, the forest cover of the district plays an important environmental role for the district. The major environmental issues

128 are forest degradation by way of over utilisation of forest product, soil erosion, flooding, and conversion of forest land for development purpose. The environmental issues of forest are managed by Forest Act of government India and related regulations framed by State government. The district is rich in mountains and forests, some valuable wood like Sal, Teak, Gambhari are found in plenty in the forests. Forest products like Bamboo, Medicinal plants of various types, Jhuna, Mahul, Lakha, Sal leaves influence its economy. The total coverage of the present forest area is 3149.9 sq.km. in Ganjam out of which the area of reserved forests is 1485.69 sq.km. demarcated forest is 143.54 sq.km., un-classified forest is 0.86 sq.km. and un-demarcated protected forest area is 1167.36 sq.km. The district is characterized by an equitable temperature all through the year, particularly in the coastal regions. The average annual rain fall of the district is 129.60cms. The rainfall generally increases from the coast towards the interior hilly tracks of the district. The relative humidity is high throughout the year specifically in coastal areas. Winds are fairly strong particularly in coastal regions in summer and monsoon months. Graph- 103 Bamboo Production and sales in forest division of Ganjam

Bambo Production and Sales in two Forest divisions of Ganjam

2017-18

2016-17

2015-16

Bamboo SalesBamboo 2014-15

2013-14 Bhanjanagar C.B(in Pcs)

2017-18 Bhanjanagar IB(in SU) Berhampur C.B(in Pcs) 2016-17 Berhampur IB(in SU)

2015-16

2014-15 Bamboo ProductionBamboo

2013-14 Yearwise Bambo Production Sales and Ganjam in Forest Division

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000

Unit

The Bay of Bengal adjoins the eastern side of Ganjam district and its coast extends more than 60 km. The sea coast and Chilika coast line are a source of rich marine products in the district. The seashore faces environmental hazard like exploration of sand for mineral purpose, degradation of coastal vegetation, pollution of sea water etc. The seashore is regulated under the provisions of CRZ regulation. The extreme north east of Ganjam district is occupied by a portion of the famous Chilika lake spreading over an area of 8206.0 Sq.km. Chilika Lake is situated on the east coast of India. It is one of the largest brackish water wetland of Asia with estuarine character (It is the largest wintering ground for migratory water-fowl found anywhere on the Indian sub-continent. It is one of the hot spot of biodiversity, and some rare, vulnerable and endangered species listed in the IUCN Red List of threatened Animals inhabit the Lake area for at least part of their life cycle. This list includes a number of rare, threatened and endangered species such as Irrawady dolphins and the Barakudia limbless skink. Based on its rich biodiversity and socio-economic importance, Chilika Lake was designated by the Government of India as a Ramsar Site in 1981, especially as an important Water-fowl habitat. The basic Facts of Chilika lake is outline below. The Chilika Lake is regulated by state Government through creation of Chilika development Authority

129

The Rushikulya River covers entire catchment area in the districts Ganjam district and originates at an elevation of about 1000 meters from hills of the Eastern Ghats range. The river lies within the geographical coordinates of 19.07 to 20.19 north latitude and 84.01 to 85.06 east longitudes. It meets the Bay of Bengal at Puruna Bandha in Ganjam. Its major tributaries are the Baghua, the Dhanei. It is 165 km long with the total catchment area is 7700 km2. n 1993, biologists from the Odisha Forest Department and the Wildlife Institute of India learned that large scale nesting of Olive Ridley turtles was taking place near the mouth of the Rushikulya river. This area is the location of one of the largest mass nesting (arribada) sites of olive ridley sea turtles in India. The villages near the mouth are Pali Bandha, Puruna Bandha, Gokhara Kuda and Kantia Pada, where one can find the nesting sites of the olive ridley turtles. These villages basically are fishermen's villages. The city of Brahmapur is situated in the basin and other important towns are Chhatrapur, Ganjam, Aska, Bhanjanagar , Bellaguntha and Surada.

A number of large scale industries have been set up in the basin. They are Grasim Industries Ltd-Ganjam Chemical Division (formerly Jayashree Chemical Ltd), Aska Co-operative Sugar Industries Ltd. Nuagam, Aska Spinning Mills, Monorama Chemical Works Ltd., Orissa Tubes Pvt. Ltd., etc. There are about 3360 numbers of small scale industries of different categories mainly food and allied, forest & wood based, rubber and plastic products and glass and ceramics. There is enough scope for setting up forest based industries. The basin is rich in mineral wealth. The major economic minerals are clay, lime stone, manganese, sand talc, black sand and grinding materials. From environmental point of view, this river accrues high importance. Besides these, there are number of water bodies and reservoirs that have environmental importance in district. The ill effects of global warming is a major concern of development.. Global warming occurs due to release of excessive carbon dioxide and other pollutants from industrial units or burning of fossil fuels. The average global temperature is expected to rise by 2° to 5° Celsius which may adversely impact the development and people of these coastal districts. The rise in temperature may lead to various climatic hazards and can cause rise in the sea level and consequently inundating the low-lying areas along the coastline. As observed in rain fall data the district has already been experiencing some changes in rainfall and temperature patterns. Thus, the district is more susceptible to climatic change. 4.13 Disaster, Housing and Migration:

Ganjam district lies between 190 to 200 17' N latitude and longitude lies between 840 9' to 850 11' E. Thus it reflects an agro-based climatic condition of the district throughout the year and during all seasons. May is the hottest month, the average temperature being 32.80 Celsius and December is the coldest month with an average temperature of 16.20 Celsius. The normal annual precipitation in Ganjam is 1189.22 mm. The South- West monsoon brings nearly 66% of the total precipitation in the district. Maximum precipitation occurs in the months of June, July, August and September.

In context of disaster, Ganjam is a disaster prone district of Odisha. The cyclone of 1999 and the flood in 1982 were among the major disasters of the district. Flood, drought, cyclone, tidal wave and other epidemics occur

130 frequently in the district. From 100 years of statistics it is found that in every alternative year this district faces a natural calamity. In 1999, cyclone affected all the blocks in the district. Since then Ganjam has experienced flood for 4 years and drought for 4 years.

Ganjam District is regularly affected by various natural calamities like Drought, Flood & Super cyclone etc. Though Ganjam District is rich in natural resources like water, forest and mineral wealth, but frequent natural calamities hinder in the way of development. The occurrences of natural calamities from 2012 to 2014 are out lined below.

Urban Area Housing status of Ganjam Houses Semi Total No of Home Less Katcha Pucca Pucca Town Name Household HHs Total Houses Houses Houses Asika (NAC) 4239 1 4238 573 291 3374 Bellaguntha (NAC) 2283 0 2283 430 659 1194 Bhanjanagar (NAC) 4244 21 4223 647 786 2790 Brahmapur (MC) 64646 31 64615 3039 9604 51972 Buguda (NAC) 3179 0 3179 561 711 1907 Chhatrapur (NAC) 4631 0 4631 197 902 3532 Chikiti (NAC) 2375 0 2375 397 214 1764 Digapahandi (NAC) 2962 0 2962 558 367 2037 Ganjam (NAC) 2416 0 2416 505 903 1008 Gopalpur (NAC) 1344 1 1343 512 425 406 Hinjilicut (NAC) 5094 8 5086 713 759 3614 Kabisurjyanagar (NAC) 3704 0 3704 530 1198 1976 Khalikote (NAC) 2599 1 2598 692 1033 873 Kodala (NAC) 2763 0 2763 844 909 1010 Polasara (NAC) 5129 1 5128 1417 1007 2704 Purusottampur (NAC) 3383 0 3383 705 1266 1412 Rambha (NAC) 2373 0 2373 669 751 953 Surada (NAC) 3224 0 3224 923 870 1431 Total 120588 64 120524 13912 22655 83957

131

Graph-104 ULB wise Urban Housing status in Ganjam

ULB wise Urban housing Status in Ganjam

70000 6464664615

60000

51972 50000

40000 Unit 30000

20000

10000 50945086 51295128 42394238 42444223 46314631 3374 31793179 3532 361437043704 33833383 32243224 22832283 2790 23752375 29622962 24162416 25992598 27632763 2704 23732373 1907 1764 2037 13441343 1976 1412 1431 1194 1008 406 873 1010 953 0 Asika Bellagun Brahma Buguda Chhatra Chikiti Digapah Ganjam Gopalpu Hinjilicut Kabisurj Khalikot Kodala Polasara Purusott Rambha Surada (NAC) tha Bhanjan pur (MC) (NAC) pur (NAC) andi (NAC) r (NAC) (NAC) yanagar e (NAC) (NAC) (NAC) ampur (NAC) (NAC) (NAC) agar (NAC) (NAC) (NAC) (NAC) (NAC) Total Household 4239 2283 4244 64646 3179 4631 2375 2962 2416 1344 5094 3704 2599 2763 5129 3383 2373 3224 No of Home Less HHs 1 0 21 31 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 Houses Total 4238 2283 4223 64615 3179 4631 2375 2962 2416 1343 5086 3704 2598 2763 5128 3383 2373 3224 Houses Katcha Houses 573 430 647 3039 561 197 397 558 505 512 713 530 692 844 1417 705 669 923 Houses Semi Pucca Houses 291 659 786 9604 711 902 214 367 903 425 759 1198 1033 909 1007 1266 751 870 Houses Pucca Houses 3374 1194 2790 51972 1907 3532 1764 2037 1008 406 3614 1976 873 1010 2704 1412 953 1431 The table reveals that the flood in 2013 has seriously brought damages for the district. As a result, 179205 houses were damage in the same flood. Similarly, the 2013 cyclone also damaged 205510 houses. Thus, flood and cyclone are the main cause for damage for houses in the district. Besides, fire also brought damage to houses in the district. Crop loss due to drought/flood in terms of No. of Villages affected Year crop loss 50 to 74% crop loss >75% 2001 5 0 2002 1784 527 2003 172 35 2004 548 295 2005 457 311 2006 2786 Source: District Disaster Management Authority, 2008

132

Graph-105 Blockwise Number persons Migrated in Ganjam Blockwise Migration in Ganjam

270

Ganjam 255 225

25

Polosara 0 20

65

Purushottampur 90 Year 2018

20 Year 2017 Block NameBlock Year 2016

280

Khallikote 940 905

120

Beguniapada 415 227

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Numbers

Source: Dist. Labour Officer, Chatrapur & Berhampur

Above data collected from district Labour Office, Ganjam recently. The data shows in Khalikot, Ganjam and Begunia pada block still migration is going. But data does not reflects whether intra district, inter block or Outside state. So there is huge data gap. Migration Information sheet

The above table data collected from DDMP, Ganjam. That also does not reflect about whether intra district, inter block or Outside state. So there is huge data gap.

133

Map-78 blockwise Vulnerability Map of Ganjam

Map-79 Multipurpose cyclone shelters in Ganjam map

134 Map-80 Tsunami Prone villages in Ganjam

4.14 Tribal Areas and social Inequalities (Heritage and Culture):

The physiography of Ganjam gives a prefect platform for the tribals in sustaining their ethno-cultural identity in the district. Forest area covers an area of 315000 ha. out of which 92228.98 ha. consists of reserved forest. The tribal community comprises 2.88% of the total population in Ganjam. The district has been the homeland of various tribal communities with their sub-tribes. The Kondhs and its subsection constitute the major percentage of tribal population in the district and the Souras stand second. There are also other tribal communities who are, however, negligible in number but definitely contribute to the exotic intermingling culture of the district.

Tribal population of the district is observed to be 3.37 percent of the total population. Major such tribes are Kondhs and Souras. The district has a rich cultural heritage. Remnants of some old monuments are still lying unexcavated under thick forests, mountains and in caves. The stone sculptures at Mathura village of Ganjam are of high artistic and aesthetic value. Masks of different shapes, made out of trivial items like waste paper, tamarind seeds, and cow dung provide livelihood support to the local people. Metal sculptures are seen in Buguda and Belaguntha while Mathura and Belaguntha showcase brass and bell-metal sculptures. At Belaguntha, expert artisans prepare flexible brass fish of different shapes which has a high demand in domestic and international markets. District has a rich heritage of folk dances. Prahalad Natak, a form of traditional theatre with a one-play repertoire from the southern district of Odisha is the most popular and it is performed in the

135 open on a five or six-tiered stage, at the summit of which Hiranyakashipu’s throne is placed. Gotipua Nacha or Sakhi Nacha is also a typical dance form of this district, expressing love in different forms. Danda Nrutya reflects the development in the art of living since the nomadic period. It is dedicated to Byaghra Devi of Kulada who is the presiding deity of drama. Musical instruments like Dhol, Mahuri are used along with flags and peacock tails by artists. Daskathia, where dasa means a devotee and katha means two wooden pieces played in tune with the prayer to the deity, a popular art form once confined to Ganjam, has spread to other districts of Odisha. Animal mask dances are also important dance forms specific to Ganjam especially during Thakurani Yatra, when the idols are taken out on the streets; dancers wearing animal masks go dancing in front of the procession. During marriage ceremonies also, they lead bridegrooms’ processions to the brides’ houses. Jodi Sankha (double conch) is a unique presentation of rural music with national and international repute. Ranapa dance, which is a dance on stilts is prevalent among the cowherd communities of South Odisha, mainly in Ganjam district.

Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)/ PTGs

Sl. Name of the Total No. Population Population (0-6 No. PVTG/PTG of Years) Househol ds M F T 1 Saora 2050 2003 2037 4040 - - Total 2050 2003 2037 4040 - -

Source: Socio-economic survey conducted by SCSTRTI

Map- 99 Tribal pocket Pockets of Ganjam

4.15 Institutional and Administrative structure: Ganjam district is broadly divided into two divisions, the coastal plains in the east and hill & tablelands in the west. The Eastern Ghats run along the western side of the district. The plain area lies between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. Since the hills are close to the sea, the rivers flowing from hills are not very long and are subject to sudden floods. The plains are narrow because of the absence of big rivers. The coastal plains in the east contain more fertile and irrigated lands. Towards the centre and south it is hilly interspersed with beautiful well- watered valleys. The southeastern portion is fertile. A portion of the famous Chilika Lake ccupies the extreme northeast. The Bay of Bengal touches the eastern frontier of Ganjam district and its coast extends over 60 Kms. It provides unique opportunity for fishing and port facility at Gopalpur for international trade. The rivers like Rushikulya, Dhanei, Bahuda, and Ghodahada are the prominent ones which govern the agriculture sector of the district. The vast river basin of Rushikulya provides grand potential for exploration of ground water. However the rivers are only navigable during the rainy season only. The Chilika Lake, which attracts international tourist known for its scenic beauty and a marvelous bird’s Sanctuary, is situated in the eastern part of district.

136 Area & Administrative Division:

The Ganjam District is constituted of 3 sub-divisions, 22 blocks, 23 Tahasils and 18 ULBs,with a population of 35,29,031(2011 census) extending from 19.4 degree north latitude to 20.17 degree north latitude and 84.7 degree east longitude to 85.12 degree east longitude spreading over the geographical area 8205.48 Sq. Kms. It is 5th largest district in Odisha and 93th largest in India in terms of total area. Ganjam is most populous district of in Odisha state and it is 83rd most populous district in India. The population density of Ganjam is 429 persons per square Km. It is 9th most densely populated district of Odisha and 291th most densely populated district in India. Ganjan District Fact Sheet: Geographical Area 8205.48 Sq. Km (8,39,110 Hectare) Sub –Divisions 03 (Chatrapur, Berhampur & Bhanjanagar) Block 22 Tahasil 23 Municipal Corporation 1 Notified Area Council (NAC) 17 Gram Panchayat 475 No. of Villages 3250 No of R.I Circle 199 Medical College 1 No. of C.H.C 30 Primary Health Centre 7 PHC (N) 90 Primary Health Sub –Centre 460 No.of Homeopathic dispensary 38

No.of Ayurvedic dispensary 42

Details of Administrative set up: Sub-Division Tahasil No. of GPs No. of Tahasils Urban Local Bodies Village

CHATRAPUR 1. Chatrapur 17 88 1. Chatrapur 1.Chatrapur NAC 2. Ganjam 14 113 2. Ganjam 2. Ganjam NAC 3 .Khalikote 26 238 3.Khalikote 3. Rambha NAC 4. Kodala 22 175 4. Kodala 4.Khalikote NAC 5. Purushottampur 26 100 5. Purusotampur 5. Kodala NAC

6. Polasara 25 126 6. Polosora 6. Purusotampur NAC 7. Kabisuryanagar 21 81 7.Kabisuryanagar 7. Polosora NAC 8. Hinjilcut 21 56 8. Hinjili cut 8. Kabisuryanagar NAC 9.Hinjili NAC Total 172 197

Sub-Division Tahasil No. of GPs No. of Tahasils Urban Local Bodies Village

BERHAMPUR 1. Konisi 24 88 1.Kanisi 1. Gopalpur NAC 2. Kukudakhandi 20 96 2. Kukudakhandi - 3. Digapahandi 24 123 3. Digapahandi 2. Digapahandi NAC 4. Sanakhemundi 21 162 4. Sanakhemundi - 5. Chikiti 17 142 5. Chikiti 3. Chikiti NAC

137 6. Patrapur 23 352 6. Patrapur - 7. Berhampur - 34 7.Berhampur 4.Berhampur MC

Total 129 1113

Sub-Division Tahasil No. of GPs No. of Tahasils Urban Local Bodies Village

BHANJANAGAR 1. Bhanjanagar 20 143 1. Bhanjanagar 1. Bhanjanagar NAC 2. Bellaguntha 18 93 2. Belaguntha 2. Belaguntha NAC 3. Jagannath 24 148 3. Jagannathp - prasad rasad 4. Aska 27 109 4. Aska 3. Aska NAC 5. Dharakote 17 181 5. Dharakote - 6. Sorada 26 270 6. Sorada 4.Sorada NAC 7. Sheragada 22 114 7. Sheragada - 8. Buguda 20 102 8. Buguda 5.Buguda NAC

Total 174 1160

Grand Total 475 3250

Ganjam is one of the 30 administrative Districts of Odisha with its headquarters located at Chatrapur. However the principal city is Brahmapur. As in the case of all other Districts of the country, the Collector and District Magistrate is the administrative head of Ganjam District. The District consists of 3212 Villages, 475 Gram Panchayats, 22 Blocks, 23 Tehsils,1 Municipal Corporation,17 Notified Area Councils or NACs, 2 Police Districts and 35 Police Stations. For better administration, there is a Revenue Divisional Commissioner (RDC) functioning from Brahmapur. His office is named as Southern RDC Circle. For better law and order control, a Police Range also functions from Berhampur headed by a DIG. 4.16 Odisha State Policies/Development Programmes/Vision/Goals: The State has adopted a very pragmatic development approach to achieve sustainable economic growth of key and important sectors and has invested significant public resources to achieve those through a number of programmes. Odisha has made significant achievement in terms of economic growth, poverty reduction and other socio-economic indicators. During 2014-15 Odisha exhibited higher real growth rate than national level in all major economic sectors except in mining, construction, real estate, storage, communication and public administration. An agriculturally prosperous Odisha with adequate food security coverage for all has all along been the single most important objective that the Government has been striving hard to achieve. Odisha is the second State in the entire country to have introduced a separate budget for agriculture. Besides this, despite the damages caused by Phailin during the last year, the State has bagged the coveted Krishi Karman Award thrice during the last four years for agricultural productivity. This shows the resilience of our farmers and the system put in place by the State Government. All these amply demonstrate the commitment of Odisha Government to the issues of farmers and food security

138 To enhance agricultural productivity, all out efforts are being made to create additional irrigation potential to the tune of ten lakh hectares within the next five years. To achieve this objective, a sum of Rs.5000 crores is being proposed to be spent each year for the next five years on Major, Medium, Small irrigation Projects, Deep Borewells, Mega Lift Irrigation Projects, restoration of the defunct L.I. Points and energisation of the borewells and Lift irrigation points. Easy access to quality seeds, fertilisers, pesticides and farm mechanisation along with agricultural credit at the lowest percentage of interest are the other key elements in this endeavour. To support agricultural marketing, the Government is committed to create a network of storage facilities including cold storage chains, threshing floors, drying yards and mandis with sound connectivity with marketing avenues and access to a SMS based information flow Network. Equitable distribution of food grains to all with focus on the tribals, slum dwellers and other vulnerable sections of the society are being ensured by the State Government through the proposed new holistic Odisha Food Security Act. Indicators reflecting the socio economic conditions of a family will be introduced to make the coverage inclusive and holistic. Providing shelter security to the rural poor is another priority sector for the State. Through its own flagship scheme “Biju Pucca Ghar Yojana”, the State Government proposes to convert all Kucha houses in the rural areas of the State into Pucca houses. Apart from this, the State Government has announced a Shelter Security Mission to be launched soon to ensure housing for the homestead-less urban and rural poor having no roof over their head. The State is committed towards both social and economic empowerment of women. To empower girls and women, Odisha State Policy for Girls and Women has been framed with the provisions of inheritance, equal land rights, free homestead land of 4 decimals to homestead-less women of lower income group, special package for differently-abled women among other things. Mission Programme and Mamata Yojana are quite popular programmes which aim at empowering women folk of the State. Recognizing the role of youth in the progress and development of Odisha, the State Youth Policy has been implemented. As an important part of the policy framework, Skill up-gradation training programme for 1.5 lakh youth every year has been undertaken through the State Employment Mission. Chief Minister’s Employment Generation Programme has been introduced to upgrade skills of around 11 lakh youths in 5 years with at least 150 youth from every Panchayat in the State along with loan and subsidy linkages for self-employment. Biju Gram Jyoti Yojana and Biju Saharanchal Bidyutikaran Yojana are Government's flagship schemes which are meaningful interventions in electrification of rural and urban habitations of the State. With the launching of 656 kilometres 4 laned Biju Expressway to be built at a cost of 3200 crores as a life-line road network connecting eight backward districts of and KBK region, the State Government has shown its commitment and priority in strengthening the road network in Western and KBK Districts of Odisha. Considering the contribution of the State Highways in improving the Socio -economic condition of the people, the State Government has undertaken a new initiative namely State Highways Development Programme for all-round development of the State Highway Network of Odisha. Large scale cement concrete roads and construction of bridges under Biju Setu Yojana are really meaningful connectivity programmes. Mukhya Mantri Sadak Yojana tries to provide all weather connectivity to small habitations with population up to 100 not covered by any other connectivity programme.

139 State Government is committed to construct at least 100 Model Public Schools by June 2015 out of the proposed One Model Public School in Each Block keeping in tune with its commitment to provide quality English Medium education at each Block headquarters. To improve the educational status of SC/ST communities, a plethora of schemes especially construction of hostels are being implemented.

102 Ambulance Service has been implemented in the State for pregnant mothers and the new born babies. Odisha State Medical Services Corporation has been conceptualized to provide free medicines to the citizens. The Odisha State Treatment Fund has been made operational in the State to provide medical assistance up to Rupees 3 lakh for treatment of patients suffering from critical ailments. Biju Krushak Kalyan Yojana has been implemented in the State which provides free health insurance coverage up to Rupees One lakh to five members of a farmer/Agriculture labourer’s families. Now it has an astounding coverage of nearly 55 lakh farmer families in Odisha. Madhu Babu Pension Yojana provides social security to the needy beneficiaries and Biju KBK Yojana and Biju Kandhamal and Gajapati Yojana accelerated the process of development and reduction of poverty in KBK region and Kandhamal and Gajapati districts respectively. Odisha has the unique distinction of being the number one State in the country in the distribution of titles under the Forest Rights Act to the forest dwelling STs of the State. The broad vision and starety for accelerating economic growth in Odisha are:  Encouraging private setor growth where Odisha has comparative advantages(Tourism, Mineral processing, orticulture, Marine products, high quality rice, Handicrafts, etc)  Enhancing the quantity and quality of Public investment in human and social so that benefits of income growth are more equitability distributed than in the past.  Strengthening integration between regions of the state and with the rest of the World to encourage export, tourism, value addition a nd use of resources. 4.17 Ganjam District Developmnet Programme/Scemes/Plan: Some of the state’s flagship programme/schemes/Plan for Ganjam district:

 Biju KBK Yojana was launched in 2006-07 to supplement the efforts under Revised Long Term Action Plan (RLTAP) in accelerating the pace of development in KBK region.

 Gopabandhu Gramin Yojana (GGY) was launched in 2006-07 to provide developmental assistance to the districts not covered under the Backward  Regions Grant Fund (BRGF). However, BRGF scheme has been discontinued from 2015-16 onwards. To bridge the critical gaps in infrastructures in all districts including backward districts where infrastructure continues to be weak, State Government has decided to implement the GGY scheme from 2015-16. During 2015-16, 8,038 works were completed and 12,571 works were in progress under the scheme with an expenditure of Rs. 192.57 crore and employment of 98.48 lakh man-day’s were generated.

 Biju Grama Jyoti Yojana was started in 2007-08 as one of the flagship programme of the state government. It covers all villages / habitations having population less than 100 and electrification for all

140 BPL Households, which are not covered under Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY). By end of 30th April 2016, 16, 313 habitations have been electrified.  The State Government has launched a campaign ‘Mo Jami Mo Ghara’ to protect land rights of the poor.  Madhubabu Pension Yojana was launched in 2008 with a total coverage of 19,85,024 beneficiaries by merging two pension schemes, i.e., State Old Age Pension (SOAP) & Odisha Disability Pension Scheme (ODPS).

 Biju Yuva Sashaktikaran Yojana was launched during 2013-14. Under this programme, 15,000 laptops have been distributed to meritorious +2 students at 30 nodal centres by Higher Education Department in 2015-16 .

 Biju Pucca Ghar Yojana is a State plan scheme launched in 2014 designed to provide new houses to the deserving and genuinely poor rural households not having any pucca house. During 2015-16, total 1.15 lakh houses have been completed under this programme.  Scholarship is being provided to students pursuing higher studies in professional education like Engineering, Medical, MBA and MCA @ Rs.10,000/-per annum. 9,119 students have been selected for scholarship during 2015-16.  Bicycles are being provided to students at Class-X level by the State government to enhance the retention rate. Apart from Government high schools, all students reading in Class-X of Government aided high schools, Madrasas and Sanskrit tolls have been benefited under the scheme. During 2015-16, total 5,20,969 students were benefited under this programme at a cost of Rs. 135.45 crore. It has been decided to include the student of Class-IX under this scheme during the corrent financial year.  A livelihood scheme, “Jeebika” recently completed successfully in six districts, namely Kandhamal, Koraput, , Mayurbhanj, and for development of livelihood of the poor people through Watershed Plus intervention.  MAMATA Scheme was launched in 2011 to provide partial wage compensation during maternity and for fulfillment of condition essential for safe delivery and improve mother & child-care practices.  Odisha Housing Mission was launched in 2015 to provide housing to the poor in both rural & urban areas by constructing about 5 lakh houses every year.

 Odisha Livelihood Mission (OLM) started functioning in 2011-12 to promote livelihood of poor rural people through organisation building like SHG and its federation at different level.

 A new scheme, “Jeevan Vikash Yojana” is being implemented for providing livelihood support to the rural poor.

 Biju Kanya Ratna Yojana was launched by the State Government in 2016-17, specially in the districts of Angul, and Ganjam where the child sex ratio is lower than the other districts. The main objective of the programme is to prevent gender biased sex selective elimination, to ensure survival & protection, education & participation of girl child and to sensitise & mobilise the community and all stake holders towards the value of girl child  Biju Ananya Yojana was launched during 2016-17 in order to incentivise birth of girl child Biju Krushak Kalyan Yojana was launched in 2013-14 with the objective of honouring the farmer’s hard work. The State Government has taken a ground– breaking step of providing health insurance of Rupees One lakh to five members of every farm family including the farmer to safeguard against health hazards.

141  Baristha Nagarika Tirtha Yatra Yojana is being implemented in the state to provide opportunity to the poor and deprived senior citizens of the state over 60 years of age for undertaking pilgrimage to certain specified pilgrimage destinations both inside and outside the state.  A new scheme “Nirman Shramik Pucca Ghar Yojana (NSPGY) has been launched by the State Government in 2016 to meet the housing needs of building and other construction workers registered under the Odisha Building and other Construction Workers” Welfare Scheme who do not have their own pucca house and have not availed any housing assistance under any other Government schemes.

142 5. Potential & constraints of the distinct with SWOT analysis and conclusion for spatial land use planning In order to overcome anomaly in development and to create a rational form of integrated spatial land use planning, DOLR,MORD and GIZ has jointly selected the state of Odisha in show casing the spatial land use planning for bringing over all development for the State. Further, as a case study of the Project, Ganjam district of Odisha has been selected for application of the above concept. The project was initiated with a specific objective and a scientific methodology was also adopted to draw rational conclusion on baseline study analysis. Before going to details of the spatial land use planning, a base line analysis was undertaken to have an understanding of Potentials and constrains of the district and a sector wise SWOT analysis is made to decide the strategy for the same. POTENTIALS  Agro-climatic conditions of Ganjam are very congenial and suitable for agriculture and horticulture crops like paddy, mango, cashew, banana, spices, cotton, til, kandul, maize, screw pine etc.  The soil type is skeletal, red, yellow and alluvial and is potentially fertile for cultivation  Paddy is the principal crop in the district  Annual average rainfall of the district is 1296 mm. suitable in stabilizing the production and productivity of the district  Irrigation potential from surface and ground water of the district is high and can be better utilized.  The district is suitable for developing smart farm agriculture to make the agricultural sector a dynamic one through proper land use planning covering canal system, dam, barrage system in the rivers, agricultural infrastructure , storage and marketing etc  Potential for handicraft works like straw, stone-carving, wood and brass metal  The district has many tourism spots like temples, historical monuments, and natural beauty spots  Ganjam is rich in natural resources with large forest coverage and rivers such as Rushikulya, Badanadi, Ghodahada and Baghua. Besides, the district has large number of reservoirs, ponds and tanks. Ghodahada and Baghua Dam reservoir are major water harvesting structures in the district  Chilika Lake offers great scope for fishing, salt production and eco-tourism  Fishing potential is high in the district in respect of fresh and marine water

143  The district has higher number of breed able indigenous cattle and crossbred cattle. Goat keeping, sheep rearing, and poultry comprise the major domestic animal potential in the district.  There are of mineral deposits like Bauxite, Graphite, Quartz, Manganese, Granite, red Oxide etc.  Minor Forest produces viz, tamarind, hill brooms, fibers, oilseeds, kendu leaves, medicinal plants, fruits, roots, gums, tuber, flowers and jhunas etc. in addition to timbers, sal and firewood are available in plenty  There are a number of perennial streams in the backward hilly areas of the district, which would be harnessed through construction of check-dams, hedgerows, WHS and Micro- watershed projects which have been proposed to create increased irrigation Ayacut, prevent drought situations, soil erosion and re-charge underground water level  The district is well connected through NH,SH and port facility  The urbanisation rate is high (21.76%) that can lead to faster economic development  OPPORTUNITIES  Irrigation facilities can be enhanced by better utilisation of water of river Rushikulya and ground water of the district  Integration of agriculture and horticulture can be taken up in a big way  Scope for Agro, food processing and mineral based industrial units  Marine based industrial units can be set up  The Chilika Lake can be better managed to exploit its full potential  Opportunity for export and import of agricultural products through rail and road infrastructure that is relatively better developed than in many parts of the state  Major Industries: good scope for ancillary, port based and downstream industrial units  Excellent scope for developing and marketing the products of the tribal artisans and marine products  Excellent scope for promoting Eco-tourism  Availability of good natural, human and forest resources  Progressive and hard-working farming communities  Perennial nallas in backward areas is a boost for WHS/hedgerows and check-dams  The district has high livestock population that can be managed to increase in yield rate of milk and milk derivatives like Ghee, butter, cheese etc.

144 CONSTRAINTS  Inadequate market facilities for agricultural, horticultural, live stock, marine and forest products including NTFPs and handicrafts  Frequent natural calamities like drought, flood, cyclone etc. affecting the economic backbone of the people in the district  Inadequate basic amenities for planned development of the urban areas/growth centers  Inadequate irrigation facilities in undulating and interior terrain of the district  High percentage of employment of agricultural labourers and low skill of working force  Inadequate technical skills in manpower results in underutilized extension facilities in agriculture & allied sector  Low level transport system connecting the resource regions of the state.  Health quality of general population is low to take up faster economic development.

SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE INDIVIDUAL SECTORS AND SCOPE FOR DISTRICT LAND USE PLANNING AGRICULTURE  Strength  Weakness  Fertile agricultural land with alluvial  Undulated topography soil  Erratic rainfall  Irrigation potential is higher in the  Fragmented land holding pattern districts  Majority of farmers are marginal and small land  Surplus agricultural labour holders.  Presence of research and  Rainfed agriculture development institution like Pulses  Low productivity in non-irrigated areas Research Center, RITE, Krushi  Poor marketing facility of agriculture produces Vigyan Kendra  Inadequate storage facility

 Opportunity  Threat  Good prospect for crop  Ganjam district is prone to cyclones, floods and diversification droughts due to climatic change  Immense scope for increase in irrigation potential  Intensive and commercial farming  Farm mechanization A strong credit structure for financial assistance to

145 AGRICULTURE marginal and small farmers  High scope for Establishment of village level mandis  Potential to upgrade knowledge and skills of farmers  Scope for export of the agro- base products products Scope for Land use Planning  Taking all the above issues of agricultural sectors following planning issues are to be considered.  Spatial agricultural land use planning taking fertile agricultural land of the district  Spatial irrigation land use plan with dams ,water resorvior,canal system etc  Spatial agricultural infrastructure plan with marketing net work  Spatial agricultural institution plan for training and research for cyclone and flood resistance crop

Horticulture  Strength  Weakness  National Horticulture Mission is  Poor infrastructure facility availing Quality Planting Materials  Scattered plantation of fruit bearing trees  Good climate and saline soil is  Inadequate knowledge on off and on season much favourable for coconut vegetable cultivation plantation.  High value vegetable crops not grown  High potential for betel leaves according to market demand

146 cultivation  Lack of proper conservation and storage  cashew production facility.  Eastern Ghat upland suitable for horticultural development  Potential areas for vegetable cultivation  Potential for screw pin scent/Kewada cultivation and essence extraction  Opportunity  Threat  Good Market demand for coconut  Poor storage and marketing and tender coconut  Individual farmer do not have adequate land  Good prospect for floriculture with for plantation marigold, jasmine, rose, gladioli and  Pest infestation assured marketing  Exploitation of local trader  Promotion of mushroom cultivation  Contract farming for horticulture  Growing market demand for vegetable, flowers both within and outside the state  Good scope for export and value addition Scope for Land use Planning  Preparation of a spatial horticulture land use plan basing on a land suitability analysis  Spatial Infrastructure plan for modern horticulture.

Animal Husbandry  Strength  Weakness  Positive growth rate in productivity  Inadequate Livestock Aid Centre of milk, meat and egg  Genetic up-gradation of livestock for better  Potential for goat, sheep, cattle, pig productivity is limited to dairy sector only

147 poultry rearing  Outreach of the functionary of the Animal  Vast pasture land and forest for Husbandry department is restricted due to non grazing availability of mobility, inadequate allowance  Interest of farmers for animal and extension material. The service is not husbandry properly reachable in remote areas  Opportunity  Threat  Increased demand for meat, egg  Inadequate animal insurance facility milk, and milk products  Non-availability of improved milch breed in  Establishment of farms through sufficient numbers private participation  Communicable diseases of livestock may affect  Forward and backward linkage the livestock keepers support to farmers with financial  Ban order of the Forest Department to graze in assistance the forest area  Replacement of indigenous cattle population with crossbred  Promotion of dairy “White Revolution” in collaberation with OMFED. Scope for Land use Planning

 Preparation of a spatial land use plan for development of animal husbandry with proper infrastructure and marketing management

Fishery Strength Weakness  60 km of coast line touches the  Inadequate awareness regarding aquaculture in eastern frontier of Ganjam interior areas  Chilika Lake  Water bodies are used for domestic purposes  Large number of reservoirs, rivers,  Inadequate storage and fish processing facility ponds

148  Institutional support Opportunity Threat  Good market demand  Embankment in Chilika Lake  Navigation support for fishing by  Encroachment of the water bodies ISRO  Inappropriate use of pesticide and fertilizer  Increasing fish seeds, fingerlings  Pollution of water bodies  New water bodies constructed by  Diminishing the quality of water for government line department aquaculture.  Renovation of water bodies  Lack of insurance policy  Better infrastructure for  Erratic rainfall aquaculture  Involvement of large scale industrial house in aquaculture Scope for Land use Planning  Preparation of a spatial land use plan for fishery developments and development of water bodies to create scope for planned fishing activities in a commercial scale

Irrigation  Strength  Weakness  Supplementary irrigation through  Many Minor Irrigation Projects (MIP) are in a canal defunct situation (currently being revived)  Use of various water bodies for  Many lift irrigation points remain defunct irrigation  Poor maintenance of water distributaries and  Facility for lift irrigation drainage system  Electricity scarcity for lift irrigation (LI)  Opportunity  Threat  Diversification of water for  Excessive use of ground water leads to decrease

149 irrigation in water table in certain pockets  Construction and renovation of the LI Points and MIPs  Private participation in maintenance of LI points  Ground water utilization Scope for Land use Planning  Preparation of an efficient irrigation plan reflected in spatial land use to be prepared for rational use of water resource with modern technology Energy Strength Weakness  Strategic natural resource for  Low voltage in rural area energy generation  Inadequate electricity supply to hilly region  High performance transformer  Lack of awareness among people about effective  Customer care use of electricity and power saving  Poor service delivery system Opportunity Threat  Tidal energy  Erratic climate and natural calamity  Wind-mill energy  Theft of electricity  solar energy  Transmission loss  bio-diesel plantation  biogas Scope for Land use Planning  Preparation of a engery development plan with linkage with all sectors through an efficient land use plan. Industry and Mining Strength Weakness  Salt production  Lack of proper R&R Policy  Fish production  Lack of R&D programme

150  Sugarcane production  Labour force is unskilled  Availability of raw material such as  No financial assistance to farmer for screw pin rare earth material and flower infrastructure  Gopalpur sea port  Low labour cost  Production of Kewda flower, lemon grass, fruits etc. Opportunity Threat Scope for food processing industries  Heavy tax burden discourage further Scope for fishing and fish processing and investment packaging industries  Farmers do not get good return from Scope for processing of rare earth materials sugarcane, screw pin flower, hence reluctant to Value addition to agro-forest produces cultivate tease crop

Scope for Land use Planning  Preparation of a progressive industrial development linking with resource, transport, man power land with an effective land use plan for better controll

Handicraft

Strength Weakness  Rich and diversified culture producing  Inadequate institutional support for wide array of handicrafts handicrafts  Famous for bell metal, brass metal  Price fluctuation in brass metal work  Replacement of handicrafts with  Abundance of cane and skills for cane- synthetic material in home décor craft  Unstructured and individualized  High potential for empowerment of production system women and youth  Insufficient market information on

151  Improved economic condition of the export, opportunity and prices people due to implementation of development programmes Opportunity Threat  Increasing inflow of tourists provide  Competition from fake handicrafts market for the products products  High employment potential  Changing attitude toward handicraft  Tapping unexploited handicrafts products markets  Introduction of plastic and synthetic Scope for Land use Planning material in place of handicrafts  Preparation of handicraft development plan linking with growth centers and land use plan

Road and Buildings

Strength Weakness  Wide spread road network  Poor road infrastructure in certain interior  Facility for water transportation pockets  Connected by Railway  Poor maintenance of road and building  Well connected through PMGSY  Opportunity  Threat  Creation of employment  Heavy traffic on national highway leads to opportunity accidents  Connectivity of GP with all habitations  All weather road connectivity

Scope for Land use Planning  Preparation of transport plan to have high accessibility to all settlements, growth centers, port, resource regions and development of cheap mass transport, all

152 weather port, air port and widening of all the NH and SH passing through the district.

Forest Strength Weakness  Large area cover with bamboo  Poor maintenance of new plantation forestry  Frequent forest fire  Potential for exploitation and value  No legal right is given to user community over addition of NTFP NTFP  Community involvement if forest  Poor forest protection management Opportunity Threat  Bamboo craft  Protection of forest from the mafias  Eco-tourism  Negative attitude toward forest reserve  Wildlife sanctuary  Maoist activity in forest fringe areas  Vast area for fruit bearing plantation  Promotion of eco-tourism Scope for Land use Planning  Preparation of a forest conservation plan, Ecotourism with modern technology Education Strength Weakness  Launching of Sarva Sikshya Abhiyan  Poor literacy rate among rural women  Inclusive Policy for Child with  Gender gap in literacy rate is high Special Needs (CWSN)  Female and male teacher ratio is low in rural  Literacy mission areas  Effective child tracking system  Lack of bilingual teacher (Oriya and Telugu, through OPEPA Tribal and Oriya)

153 Opportunity Threat  Creation of awareness for girl child  Shortage of teachers education  Non availability of bilingual teacher in SSS  Provision for girls hostel teacher cadets  Residential facility for teacher and  Poor connectivity to school from certain staffs habitations  Women friendly approach of the literacy mission Scope for Land use Planning  Preparation of an effective education plan Health Strength Weakness  Launching of National Rural Health  Acute shortage of doctors, nurse and Mission paramedical staff.  Involvement of CSOs in health  Inadequate monitoring and evaluation staffs service at block and district level  Regular health camp  No proper cold chain supply unit to remote  MKCG Medical College Hospital for part of the district for storage of life saving specialized health care services drugs  Implimention of Janani Suraksha  Excessive dependency on quack and Yojana traditional healers in tribal areas  Inclusion under Global Funds for AIDS, TB and Malaria (GFATM) Opportunity Threat  Strengthening Sub-Centre by  Early motherhood providing labour room  Absenteeism of the medical and paramedical  Regular capacity building staff programme for paramedical staffs  Risk taking tendency and ignorance of quack  Basic training to traditional healer  Under reporting of vital statistics and quack  Prevalence of HIV/AIDS  Residential facility for medical and paramedical staffs  Provision of Social audit in case of

154 maternal death and infant death  Strengthening IEC unit in each block  Supply of proper equipments to Sub-centers  Mapping of the health service provision in each GP Scope for Land use Planning  Preparation of a comprehensive heal plan to cover every family in the district Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Strength Weakness  Convergence programs  Poor sanitation facility in rural areas implemented  Inadequate management of exiting water  Basic awareness program on RWSS resources  Involvement of Women Self Help  Poor maintenance and cleanliness of Group latrines  Women participation in Total  Sanitation Campaign  Involvement of the civil society organizations in Water Supply and Sanitation Mission Opportunity Threat  Safe solid waste disposal  No space left for toilets during construction  Integrated water and sanitation of house management  People are not aware about the negative  Attitudinal change among people effect of open defecation on the road side for sanitation and personal hygiene  Poor disposal of waste water  Active participation of women and  Attached home with cattle shed PRI member in Sanitation Mission  Provision of Community Toilets with water supply and maintenance  School Sanitation and hygiene education

155 Scope for Land use Planning  Preparation of a sanitation plan with modern tecnology SC/ST Welfare Strength Weakness  Improved socio-economic status of  Low literacy rate among SC/ST community SC/STs  Inadequate awareness of some  Scholarship to SC/ST students communities on various schemes/  Schools and hostels facility for provision for SC/ ST development SC/STs  Lack of bilingual teacher (tribal language-  Tumba Tribal Development Agency Odia)  Legal provision to safeguard from  Non-involvement of the village level atrocity institutions  Land rights   Forest rights  Involvement of CSOs in SC/ST development Opportunity Threat  Protection and development of  Unemployment and poverty leads to social primitive tribal group disorder  Timely implementation of the ST/SC  Increasing dependency on government schemes  Heavy liquor addiction leads to health and  Extension of Forest Right Act livelihood problems  Procurement centre for NTFP Scope for Land use Planning  Preparation of SC& ST welfare plan linking all development proposals Conclusion On the basis of above SWORT analysis and the potential and constraint of the district a detail plan will be work out taking all sectors into consideration. All the plan proposals will be translated and drawn spatially over the land use plan to have a future proposed land use plan that can guide the development of Ganjam district in an planned manner.

156 6. References

 District Statistical Hand Book Ganjam, Govt. of Odisha,2007, Directorate of Economics and Statistics Orissa, Bhubaneswar.  District Statistical Hand Book Ganjam, Govt. of Odisha,1995, Directorate of Economics and Statistics Orissa, Bhubaneswar.  Odisha Fisheries Statistics September 2014, Directorate of Fisheries, Odisha, Cuttack.  Statistical Bulletin 2016, Department of Tourism Govt. of Odisha  Chilika Development Authority Annual Report 2013-14, Govt. of Odisha  Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission, National Ruban Mission, Ministry of Rural Development Govt. of India.  Formulation of GIS Based Master Plans for Amrut Cities, Design and Standard, Town & Country Planning Organization, Ministry of Urban Development Govt. of India & National Remote Sensing Center, Department of Space, Govt. of India.  Review Meeting-prior to Steering Committee Meeting, Land use Planning and Management Project.  H&UD (DTP) and R & DM Department, Govt. of Odisha, Bhubaneswar.06.12.17  Guide to Preliminary Planning Surveys of Urban areas Includes Land use Classification, Town and Country Planning origination, Ministry of Urban Development & Poverty Alleviation, Govt. of India, February 2004.  USAID from the American People Preparation of Local Are Plans Pilot Project for Delhi, India, April-2008, This Publication was produced for Review by the United States Agency for International Department, It was prepared by the Communities Group International (TCGI) in Partnership with AECOM.  Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation (URDPFI) Guidelines, Volume IIA and IIB, January 2015, Govt. of India, Ministry of Urban Department.  The Odisha Gazette, Extraordinary Published by Authority, Housing & Urban Development Department.  Group Plan of Ganjam District, Ref TOPO Sheet No- 74A/13, A/15, A/16, & 74E/3. Scale – (R.F) 1:50,000.  State Urban Development Agency, Naya , Chhattisgarh.  IDCO, Odisha Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation.  Survey of India with reference to Ganjam TOPO Sheet No:- 74E/3, 74E/2, 74A/1, 74A/A, 74A/3, 74A/4, 74A/5, 74E/1, 74A/16, 74A/15, 74A/14, 74A/13, 74A/12, 74A/6, 74A/7, 74A/8, 74A/9, 74A/10, 74A/11, 73D/8, 73D/11, 73D/12, 73D/16-2009.  District Map of Ganjam, Survey of India.  Rock & Mineral map: NATMO Map and Geological survey of India.  Soil & Map: National Bureau of soil survey and Land use Planning (ICAR) , Regional and Center Calcutta.  Irrigation and Hydrogeology Map Central Ground Water Board.  Integrated District Development Plan, KOLLAM, Perspective Plan, Vol-III concise report, Vol-II execution plan

157  District Planning Committee, Local Government, Special Technical Advisory Committee-KOLLAM  Department of Town Country Planning, Govt. of KERALA  Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation (URDPFI)Guidelines  Volume I, January 2015, Govt. of India, Ministry of Urban Development, Town and Country Planning Organization.  Kollam Execution Plan Part-2  Gram Panchayat Development Guidelines, SIKKIM, 2015-2020, Directorate of Panchayat Raj Rural Management & Development Department Govt. of Sikkim.  Government of ASSAM, Panchyata and Rural Development Department, Dispur, Guwahati-6.  Decentralization and District Development: Participatory & Multi-sectoral Framework for Decentralized Policies and Local Development Strategies addressed to millennium Development Goals, July 2015, Prepared by Israel Jacob Massuanganhe, UNCDF/UNDP, Decentralization and Governance UNDP Mozambique.  Comprehensive District Annual Plan 2015-16, Ganjam District.  Planning and Coordination Department Govt. of Odisha, District Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ganjam.  Integrated District Development KOLLAM, Execution Plan, VOL-I perspective, VOL-III concise report  District Planning Committee, Local government. Special Technical Advisory committee-KOLLAM.  Department of Town and Country Planning, Govt. of KERALA.  Integrated District Development KOLLAM, Concise Report, VOL-I perspective plan, VOL-II execution plan  District Planning Committee, Local government. Special Technical Advisory committee-KOLLAM.  Department of Town and Country Planning, Govt. of KERALA.  Administrate Map, Director of Town Planning.  Rainfall Map, District Statistical Hand Book Ganjam, 2015,  Contour Map, www.nrsc.org.in(Bhuban)  District wise Urban Population of Odisha, District satirical Hand Book, Ganjam 2015.  Geology and mineral Map of Ganjam, Geological Survey of India 2011.  Block wise Literacy rate, District satirical Hand Book, Ganjam 2015.  Block wise Main Worker, District satirical Hand Book, Ganjam 2015.  Block wise ST Population, District satirical Hand Book, Ganjam 2015.  ULB Location of Ganjam, Director of Town Planning.  Growth Node Map, Director of Town Planning  Cluster industry of Ganjam, District industry Center of Ganjam.  District industry Map, District industry Center of Ganjam.  Large Scale industry, District industry Center of Ganjam.  Transport & Communication Map, Director of Town Planning.  Depth of water Level, Ministry of water resource, Central Ground water Board, SER Bhubaneswar, march-2018

158  Tourist Map, Department of Tourism, Govt. of Odisha.  Revised Guidelines for coir cluster development Program, District Industrial center, Berhampur.  Potential industrial activity of the District, District industrial center, Berhampur.  Division wise of Berhampur circle, Regional chief conservator of forest, Berhampur circle.  Jurisdiction Map of Ganjam, Rural and Building division-I, Berhampur.  District Human development Report, Ganjam, 2013, Planning and coordination Department of Govt. of Odisha.  Odisha Urban Sanitation Strategy,2017, Govt. of Odisha, Housing & Urban Development, Bhubaneswar.  PRADHAN MANTRI KRISHI SINCHAYEE YOJANA(PMKSY),2016, District Irrigation Plan of Ganjam, Odisha.  Census of India, Town Directory 191-2011  District Gazettes  Director Of archaeology: www.ignca.gov.in  Department Of Pollution Control Board.  Odisha Lift Irrigation Corporation.  Odisha Renewable Energy Development Agency.

159 Appendix-1 Table -1 Distribution of urban population in different towns of Ganjam as per 2011 censu SL. Population as per 2011 Name of the Town/City NO. Census 1 Agastinuagan 6,411 2 Arjyapalli 8,001 3 Asika 21,428 4 Badagada 6,982 5 Badakodanda 5,137 6 Bellaguntha(Belaguntha) 11,297 7 Bhabinipur 10,411 8 Bhanjanagar 20,482 9 Borigam 4,855 10 Brahmapur(Berhampur) 356,598 11 Chhatrapur 22,027 12 Chikiti 11,645 13 Digapahandi 13,190 14 Ganjam 11,747 15 Golabandha 6,232 16 Hinjilicut 24,671 17 Kabisurjyanagar(Kabisuryanagar) 17,430 18 Khalikote(Khallikote) 13,022 19 Kodala 13,965 20 Kukudakhandi 7,361 21 Kullada 5,645 22 Lochapada 16,377 23 4,983 24 Mundamarai 4,253 25 Palalahada 5,749 26 Palurgada 5,019 27 Pathar 6,072 28 Patrapur 6,059 29 Pitala 4,458 30 Purusottampur 15,366 31 Rambha 12,111 32 Sheragada 6,653 33 Surada 14,867 34 Surala 8,258 35 Suvani 7,993 36 Venkatraipur 4,401 37 Gopalpur 7,221

160

Table-2 Percentage of Urban population in District of Odisha-Census 2011

Sl.no Name of the District Percentage of Urban population

1 Anugul 16.21 2 Balangir 11.97 3 Baleshwar (Balasore) 10.92 4 Bargarh 10.13 5 Baudh (Boudh) 4.63 6 Bhadrak 12.34 7 Cuttack 28.05 8 7.16 9 Dhenkanal 9.85 10 Gajapati 12.23 11 Ganjam 21.76 12 Jagatsinghapur 10.2 13 Jajapur 7.39 14 Jharsuguda 39.89 15 Kalahandi 7.74 16 Kandhamal 9.86 17 Kendrapara 5.8 18 14.05 19 48.16 20 Koraput 16.39 21 Malkangiri 8.8 22 Mayurbhanj 7.66 23 Nabarangapur (Nabarangpur) 7.18 24 Nayagarh 8.28 25 Nuapada 5.58 26 Puri 15.6 27 Rayagada 15.18 28 Sambalpur 8.18 29 Subarnapur 8.18 30 Sundargarh () 35.26 Table-3 Growth of urban population in Odisha and Ganjam district-1951 to 2011

161 Urban population of Urban population Decadal Growth rate Decadal Growth rate Sl.No. Year Ganjam district in of Odisha in lakh in % in % lakh 1 1951 6 - - - 2 1961 11 83.33 - - 3 1971 18 63.63 - - 4 1981 31 72.22 - - 5 1991 42 35.48 4.24 - 6 2001 55 30.95 5.56 31.13 7 2011 70 27.27 7.76 39.57

Table-4 Urban Population in Blocks of Ganjam District-2011 Percent of Urban population To total Sl. No Name of the Block population 1 Hinjilicut 22.45 2 Kabisurjyanagar 15.24 3 Sheragada 0 4 Buguda 13.28 5 Polasara 17.32 6 Jagannathprasad 18.78 7 Bhanjanagar 14.75 8 Kukudakhandi 0 9 Rangeilunda 0 10 Chikiti 11.13 11 Patrapur 0 12 Purusottampur 10.73 13 Beguniapada 10.41 14 Chhatrapur 16.22 15 Khalikote 7.69 16 Ganjam 13.17 17 Aska 14.86 18 Dharakote 0 19 Surada 10.36 20 Belaguntha 9.95 21 Sanakhemundi 0 22 Digapahandi 8.88

162

Table-5 Growth of Population in different Towns of Ganjam District 1991-2011

163 SL. Name of the Town/City Population Percentage Growth NO Name of the Town/City 1991 2001 2011 1991-2001 2001-2011 1. Agastinuagan 5,504 6,411 16.48 2 Arjyapalli 7,768 8,001 3 3 Asika 19,363 20,739 21,428 7.106 3.32 4 Badagada 6,755 6,982 3.36 5 Badakodanda 5,008 5,137 2.58 6 Bellaguntha(Belaguntha) 8,838 9,962 11,297 12.72 13.4 7 Bhabinipur 6,685 10,411 55.74 8 Bhanjanagar 17,122 19,748 20,482 15.34 3.72 9 Borigam 4,412 4,855 10.04 10 Brahmapur(Brahmapur) 210,418 307,792 356,598 46.28 15.86 11 Chhatrapur 17,952 20,289 22,027 13.02 8.57 12 Chikiti 10,005 10,802 11,645 7.97 7.8 13 Digapahandi 10,032 10,890 13,190 8.55 21.12 14 Ganjam 10,847 11,317 11,747 4.33 3.8 15 Golabandha 6,232 16 Hinjilicut 17,676 21,347 24,671 20.77 15.57 17 Kabisurjyanagar(Kabisurjyanagar) 13,938 16,094 17,430 15.47 8.3 18 Khalikote(Khallikote) 9,071 10,958 13,022 20.8 18.84 19 Kodala 10,187 12,345 13,965 21.18 13.12 20 Kukudakhandi 6,456 7,361 14.02 21 Kullada 4,959 5,645 13.83 22 Lochapada 16,377 23 Makundapur 4,975 4,983 0.16 24 Mundamarai 4,205 4,253 1.14 25 Palurgada 4,301 5,019 16.69 26 Pathar 5,195 6,072 16.88 27 Patrapur 6,165 6,059 -1.72 28 Pitala 4,393 4,458 1.48 29 Purusottampur 12,904 14,249 15,366 10.42 7.84 30 Rambha 9,213 10,716 12,111 16.31 13.02 31 Sheragada 6,780 6,653 -1.87 32 Surada 13,268 14,648 14,867 10.4 1.5 33 Surala 6,675 8,258 23.72 34 Suvani 7,424 7,993 7.66 35 Venkatraipur 4,401 36 Gopalpur 6,663 7,221 8.37 37 Lalsing 7078 38 Polasora 16,854 19568 23199 16.1 18.15 39 Buguda 10664 13275 15176 24.32 14.48

164

Table-6 Rural Settlements of Ganjam district by blocks Number of Villages SL.NO Block Inhabited Un-Inhabited Total 1 Aska 102 7 109 2 Beguniapada 131 51 182 3 Belaguntha 89 1 90 4 Bhanjanagar 137 7 144 5 Buguda 92 7 99 6 Chhatrapur 76 4 80 7 Chikiti 125 12 137 8 Dharakote 163 38 201 9 Digapahandi 204 28 232 10 Ganjam 88 27 115 11 Hinjilicut 52 0 52 12 Jagannathprasad 143 6 149 13 Kabisuryanagar 74 0 74 14 Khalikote 167 59 226 15 Kukudakhandi 89 10 99 16 Patrapur 298 57 355 17 Polasara 124 14 138 18 Purusottampur 94 3 97 19 Rangailunda 79 4 83 20 Sanakhemundi 142 17 159 21 Sheragada 95 13 108 22 Sorada 248 35 283 TOTAL 2812 400 3212 Table-7 Distributions of Villages by size of Population in Ganjam District

Sl. No Population size No. of Villages %. of Villages

1 <500 1191 42.35 2 501 - 1000 580 20.63 3 1001 - 2000 645 22.94 4 2001 - 4000 313 11.13 5 > 4000 83 2.95 Total villages 2812 100

165

Table-8 Growth nodes of Ganjam district Score as Score as Score as Score as Score as Score as Score as Adjust Basic service Total NAME Function class ULBs Remark Connected by NH and SH Score as tourist center Health Higher Score as Administaraion Town Ranking road Market industry Urban Cluster to Port town centers score center Education Girisola Tourist spot Welcome Point NH5 5 10 5 5 3 0 0 0 0 3.5 31.5 11 Athagada Patana Tourist spot Historical Site SH30 10 7.5 5 5 3 0 0 0 0 3.5 34 9 Mantridi Tourist spot Religious Center Of Goddess Bhairabee Village Road Near By NH5 10 2.5 5 5 3 0 0 0 0 3.5 29 13 Mahurikalua Tourist spot Religious Center Of Goddess Mahuri Kalua District Major Road 10 5 5 5 3 0 0 0 0 3.5 31.5 11 Pati Sonapur Tourist spot Sea Beach NH5 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 23.5 15 Patagarh Tourist spot Fort NH5 by Pass Road 10 10 5 5 3 0 0 0 0 3.5 36.5 8 Ujjaleswar Ghodahad Dam Tourist spot Religious Center Of Lord Ujjaleswar Village Road Near by NH59 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 23.5 15 Antarapada Tourist spot Religious Center Of Goddess Sankulai SH33 10 7.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 21 16 Taratarini Tourist spot Religious Center Of Goddess Tratarini SH32 10 7.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 21 16 Taptapani Tourist spot Hot Spring SH17 10 7.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 21 16 Narayani Tourist spot Religious Center Of Goddess Narayani Village Road Near By NH5 10 2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 16 19 Jaugada Tourist spot Buddhist Shrine Ashokan Rock Edict Village Road Near By SH32 10 2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 16 19 Chilika (Rambha) Tourist spot Lake and Bird Sanctuary NH5 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 30 12 Hinjilicut Commercial Market NH16 0 10 7.5 10 10 10 0 5 0 10 62.5 3 Gopalpur V NAC Urban Town NH16 10 10 7.5 7.5 7.5 5 5 0 0 10 62.5 3 Kullada V CT Census Town District Major Road 0 5 7.5 7.5 7.5 0 0 2.5 0 10 40 7 Badagada V CT Census Town SH36 0 7.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 17.5 18 Mundamarai VI CT Census Town NH217 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 20 17 Pathar V CT Census Town NH5 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 20 17 Pitala VI CT Census Town NH217 0 10 0 0 3 0 5 5 0 10 33 10 Lochapada IV CT Census Town SH36 0 7.5 0 0 3 0 0 5 0 10 25.5 14 Patrapur Block Headquarter Admistrarive SH22 0 7.5 7.5 10 10 5 0 5 0 10 55 6 Chikiti Block Headquarter Admistrarive NH16 0 10 7.5 10 10 5 0 5 0 10 57.5 5 Rangeilunda Block Headquarter Admistrarive NH5 0 10 7.5 10 10 5 0 5 0 10 57.5 5 Chatrapur District Head quarter Admistrarive NH6 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 5 0 10 75 1 Ganjam Block Headquarter Admistrarive NH16 0 10 10 10 10 5 10 2.5 0 10 67.5 2 Khallikote Block Headquarter Admistrarive NH16 0 10 10 10 10 5 0 2.5 0 10 57.5 5 Beguniapada Block Headquarter Admistrarive NH16 0 10 10 10 10 5 0 2.5 0 10 57.5 5 Purusottampur Block Headquarter Admistrarive SH31 0 7.5 10 10 10 5 0 2.5 0 10 55 6 Kabisuryanagar Block Headquarter Admistrarive SH31 0 7.5 10 10 10 5 0 2.5 0 10 55 6 Polasara Block Headquarter Admistrarive NH16 0 10 10 10 10 5 0 5 0 10 60 4 Dharakote Block Headquarter Admistrarive NH5 0 10 10 10 10 5 0 2.5 0 10 57.5 5 Seragad Block Headquarter Admistrarive SH29 0 7.5 10 10 10 5 0 2.5 0 10 55 6 Digapahandi Block Headquarter Admistrarive SH29 0 7.5 10 10 10 5 0 2.5 0 10 55 6 Kukudakhandi Block Headquarter Admistrarive NH217 0 10 10 10 10 5 0 2.5 0 10 57.5 5 Sanakhemundi Block Headquarter Admistrarive NH59 0 10 10 10 10 5 0 2.5 0 10 57.5 5 Sorada Block Headquarter Admistrarive NH59 0 10 10 10 10 5 0 2.5 0 10 57.5 5 Bhanjanagar Block Headquarter Admistrarive NH16 0 10 10 10 10 5 0 2.5 0 10 57.5 5 Bellaguntha Block Headquarter Admistrarive NH59 0 10 10 10 10 5 0 2.5 0 10 57.5 5 Jagannathprasad Block Headquarter Admistrarive SH21 0 7.5 10 10 10 5 0 2.5 0 10 55 6 Buguda Block Headquarter Admistrarive SH31 0 7.5 10 10 10 5 0 2.5 0 10 55 6

Table-9 Area and Population of Ganjam district by blocks Area in Males Females Total DENSITY Sq.km 1 Aska 203.3 71886 72246 144132 709 2 Bellaguntha 275.3 56309 57127 113436 623 3 Bhanjanagar 222.8 70161 68613 138774 155 4 Buguda 739.5 56457 57815 114272 314 5 Chhatrapur 431.6 67589 68162 135751 436 6 Chikiti 239.9 51863 52709 104572 416 7 Dharakote 259.3 53463 54483 107946 310 8 Digapahandi 478.7 74498 73986 148484 174 9 Ganjam 511.6 44629 44541 89170 461 10 Hinjilicut 238.4 53894 55983 109877 777 11 Jagannathprasad 168.9 65975 65351 131326 140 12 Kabisuryanagar 815.9 57396 56958 114354 1006 13 Khallikote 168.1 86601 82570 169171 323 14 Kodala(Beguniapada) 415.1 67561 66532 134093 412 15 Kukudakhandi 294.8 75410 71903 147313 500 16 Patrapur 547.7 62981 65730 128711 235 17 Polasara 400.6 66662 66724 133386 333 18 Purusottampur 253.2 70978 72178 143156 565 19 Rangeilunda 260.7 81595 79777 161372 619 20 Sanakhemundi 338.7 83341 79797 163138 482 21 Seragad 192.8 64894 62913 127807 663 22 Sorada 974.7 72162 71266 143428 147

166

Table-9(a) Block wise male and female population in ganjam district. Area in Male Female Total Population sl.no Block Name Sq.km Population Population Population Density 1 Aska 203.3 71886 72246 144132 709 2 Bellaguntha 275.3 56309 57127 113436 623 3 Bhanjanagar 222.8 70161 68613 138774 155 4 Buguda 739.5 56457 57815 114272 314 5 Chhatrapur 431.6 67589 68162 135751 436 6 Chikiti 239.9 51863 52709 104572 416 7 Dharakote 259.3 53463 54483 107946 310 8 Digapahandi 478.7 74498 73986 148484 174 9 Ganjam 511.6 44629 44541 89170 461 10 Hinjilicut 238.4 53894 55983 109877 777 11 Jagannathprasad 168.9 65975 65351 131326 140 12 Kabisuryanagar 815.9 57396 56958 114354 1006 13 Khallikote 168.1 86601 82570 169171 323 14 Kodala(Beguniapada) 415.1 67561 66532 134093 412 15 Kukudakhandi 294.8 75410 71903 147313 500 16 Patrapur 547.7 62981 65730 128711 235 17 Polasara 400.6 66662 66724 133386 333 18 Purusottampur 253.2 70978 72178 143156 565 19 Rangeilunda 260.7 81595 79777 161372 619 20 Sanakhemundi 338.7 83341 79797 163138 482 21 Seragad 192.8 64894 62913 127807 663 22 Sorada 974.7 72162 71266 143428 147 table-10 Population Growth of Ganjam District and Odisha during 1901- 2011

167 Population Growth during the Population SL. census year Census year NO District District Odisha Odisha Ganjam Ganjam 1 1901 957123 10,302,917 - - 2 1911 1064172 11,378,875 11.18 10.44 3 1921 1029623 11,158,586 -3.25 -1.94 4 1931 1165908 12,491,056 13.24 11.94 5 1941 1308056 13,767,988 12.19 10.22 6 1951 1361831 14,645,946 4.11 6.38 7 1961 1587461 17,548,846 16.57 19.82 8 1971 1944844 17,548,846 22.51 25.05 9 1981 2267628 26,370,271 16.6 20.17 10 1991 2704056 31,659,736 19.25 20.06 11 2001 3160635 36,706,970 16.88 15.94 12 2011 3529031 41,974,218 11.66 14.05%

Table-11 Comparative Picture of Population growth of Districts of Odisha during 1991- 2011

168 Population Population Population Population Population Name of district growth 1991-- growth 2001- Census 1991 Census 2011 Census 2001 2001 2011 Angul 961,037 1,273,821 1,140,003 0 11.73 Bolangir 1,230,938 1,648,997 1,337,194 0 23.31 Balasore 1,696,583 2,320,529 2,024,508 0 14.62 Bargarh 1,207,172 1,481,255 1,346,336 11.53 10.02 Boudh 317,622 441,162 373,372 17.55 18.15 Bhadrak 1,105,834 1,506,337 1,333,749 20.61 12.94 Cuttack 2,053,000 2,624,470 2,340,832 14.02 12.11 Deogarh 234,238 312,520 274,108 17.02 14.01 Dhenkanal 947,870 1,192,811 1,066,878 12.56 11.8 Gajapati 454,708 577,817 518,837 14.1 11.36 Ganjam 2,704,056 3,529,031 3,160,635 16.88 11.65 934,000 1,136,971 1,057,891 13.26 7.47

Jajpur 1,386,177 1,827,192 1,624,341 17.18 12.48 Jharsuguda 446,700 579,505 514,853 13.27 12.55 Kalahandi 1,130,903 1,576,869 1,335,494 16.83 18.07 Kandhamal 546,281 733,110 648,201 24.99 13.09 Kendrapara 1,149,501 1,440,361 1,302,005 19.39 10.62 Keonjhar 1,337,026 1,801,733 1,561,990 17.98 15.34 Khurda 1,502,014 2,251,673 1,877,395 21.15 19.93 Koraput 1,029,600 1,379,647 1,180,637 10.46 16.85 Malkangiri 422,300 613,192 504,198 13.04 21.61 Mayurbhanj 1,884,580 2,519,738 2,223,456 15.12 13.32 Nabarangpur 846,700 1,220,946 1,025,766 16.4 19.02 Nayagarh 782,647 962,789 864,516 15.02 11.36 Nuapada 469,482 610,382 530,690 13.64 15.01 Puri 1,305,365 1,698,730 1,502,682 16.34 13.04 Rayagada 713,984 967,911 831,109 13.27 16.46 Sambalpur 809,000 1,041,099 930,476 16.83 11.88 Subarnapur 476,815 610,183 541,835 24.99 12.61 Sundargarh 1,573,617 2,093,437 1,830,673 14.67 14.35 Table-12 Population distribution by religion of ganjam district and odisha-2011 Sl. Population by religion No. Ganjam/Odisha Total population Hindu Muslim Christian Sikh Buddhist jain other 1 Ganjam 3529031 3486059 13315 23975 590 174 170 4748 2 Percentage 100 98.782 0.377 0.679 0.017 0.005 0.005 0.135 3 Odisha 41974218 39300341 911670 1161708 21991 13852 9420 555236 4 Percentage 100 93.63 2.17 2.77 0.05 0.03 0.02 1.32

169 Table-13 Scheduled Castes and Scheduled tribe Population of Ganjam by blocks -2011 Total S.C % of S.C S.T % of Sl. No. Block Name Population Population Population Population S.T.Population 1 Aska 144132 26981 18.7 952 0.7 2 Bellaguntha 113436 16499 14.5 663 0.6 3 Bhanjanagar 138774 31896 23 12328 8.9 4 Buguda 114272 24187 21.2 2095 1.8 5 Chhatrapur 135751 35502 26.2 518 0.4 6 Chikiti 104572 28757 27.5 3246 3.1 7 Dharakote 107946 20445 18.9 8845 8.2 8 Digapahandi 148484 22742 15.3 9852 6.6 9 Ganjam 89170 21528 24.1 452 0.5 10 Hinjilicut 109877 28745 26.2 91 0.1 11 Jagannathprasad 131326 31691 24.1 7148 5.4 12 Kabisuryanagar 114354 21651 18.9 366 0.3 13 Khallikote 169171 39537 23.4 6090 3.6 14 Kodala(Beguniapada) 134093 25342 18.9 4881 3.6 15 Kukudakhandi 147313 35607 24.2 7045 4.8 16 Patrapur 128711 19425 15.1 17930 13.9 17 Polasara 133386 23554 17.7 3826 2.9 18 Purusottampur 143156 44182 30.9 252 0.2 19 Rangeilunda 161372 28776 17.8 727 0.5 20 Sanakhemundi 163138 22075 13.5 7635 4.7 21 Seragad 127807 25194 19.7 1195 0.9 22 Sorada 143428 29321 20.4 17111 11.9

Table-14 Scheduled Caste and Scheduled tribe population by districts of Odisha-2011

170 S.T Total S.C % of S.C % of S.T Sl No. District name populatio population Population Population population n 1 Anugul 1273821 239552 18.8 179603 14.1 2 Balasore 2320529 478586 20.6 275678 19.9 3 Bargarh 1481255 298780 20.2 281135 19 4 Bhadrak 1506337 334896 22.2 30428 2 5 Bolangir 1648997 294777 17.9 347164 21.1 6 Boudh 441162 104934 23.8 55364 12.5 7 Cuttack 2624470 498633 19 93745 3.6 8 Deogarh 312520 52112 16.7 110400 35.3 9 Dhenkanal 1192811 234079 19.6 162056 13.6 10 Gajapati 577817 39175 6.8 313714 54.3 11 Ganjam 3529031 688235 19.5 118928 3.4 12 Jagatsinghpur 1136971 248152 21.8 7862 0.7 13 Jajpur 1827192 433387 23.7 151432 8.3 14 Jharsuguda 579505 104620 18.1 176758 30.5 15 Kalahandi 1576869 286580 18.2 449456 28.5 16 Kandhamal 733110 115544 15.8 392820 53.6 17 Kendrapara 1440361 309780 21.5 9484 0.7 18 Keonjhar 1801733 209357 11.6 818878 45.4 19 Khurda 2251673 297472 13.2 115051 5.1 20 Koraput 1379647 196540 14.2 697583 50.6 21 Malkangiri 613192 138295 22.6 354614 57.8 22 Mayurbhanj 2519738 184682 7.3 1479576 58.7 23 Nabarangpur 1220946 177384 14.5 681173 55.8 24 Nayagarha 962789 136399 14.2 58691 6.1 25 Nuapara 610382 82159 13.5 206327 33.8 26 Puri 1698730 325133 19.1 6129 0.4 27 Rayagada 967911 139514 14.4 541905 56 28 Sambalpur 1041099 191827 18.4 355261 34.1 29 Subarnapur 610183 156219 25.6 57192 9.4 30 Sundargarh 2093437 191660 9.2 1062349 50.7

Table-15 Sex ratio of Ganjam district by blocks-2011

171 Sl No. Block Name Sex ratio 1 Bhanjanagar 978 2 Jagannathprasad 991 3 Buguda 1024 4 Bellaguntha 1015 5 Sorada 989 6 Dharakote 1017 7 Aska 1006 8 Kabisuryanagar 992 9 Polasara 1001 10 Kodala(Beguniapada) 985 11 Khallikote 952 12 Ganjam 997 13 Purusottampur 1017 14 Hinjilicut 1039 15 Seragad 971 16 Sanakhemundi 957 17 Digapahandi 993 18 Patrapur 1047 19 Chikiti 1023 20 Bhanjanagar 954 21 Jagannathprasad 993 22 Buguda 1007

Table-16 Sex ratio by districts of Odisha-2011

172 Sl. All Category SC ST District Name No Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban 1 Angul 943 953 889 972 976 951 996 1001 953 2 Balasore 957 957 959 965 964 970 1001 1003 983 3 Bargarh 977 979 961 986 986 991 1000 999 1046 4 Bhadrak 981 985 956 985 985 985 981 974 1010 5 Bolangir 987 992 948 987 988 976 1013 1014 991 6 Boudh 991 993 947 999 1001 960 1023 1025 841 7 Cuttack 940 945 927 960 959 964 976 981 947 8 Deogarh 975 978 936 978 975 1019 1003 1006 943 9 Dhenkanal 947 950 918 971 972 958 1004 1003 1014 10 Gajapati 1043 1048 1006 1058 1048 1089 1065 1066 1024 11 Ganjam 983 995 941 1012 1016 994 1010 1017 899 12 Jagatsinghpur 968 976 900 982 986 926 860 847 878 13 Jajpur 973 976 944 965 965 964 991 989 1013 14 Jharsuguda 953 977 918 990 998 973 1002 1003 1000 15 Kalahandi 1003 1008 953 1016 1015 1027 1032 1032 1024 16 Kandhamal 1037 1043 984 1028 1028 1024 1062 1060 1120 17 Kendrapara 1007 1010 954 992 993 967 997 1003 920 18 Keonjhar 988 999 920 1000 1004 981 1017 1020 986 19 Khurda 929 959 898 963 978 938 947 1005 869 20 Koraput 1032 1046 966 1031 1033 1019 1068 1070 1022 21 Malkangiri 1020 1028 925 974 973 986 1065 1067 1001 22 Mayurbhanj 1006 1010 956 1005 1005 1004 1025 1026 1020 23 Nabarangpur 1019 1021 990 1010 1006 1045 1033 1032 1071 24 Nayagarh 915 915 916 954 953 965 1012 1016 807 25 Nupara 1021 1024 983 1017 1014 1048 1054 1054 1009 26 Puri 963 969 931 978 979 969 892 945 769 27 Rayagada 1051 1064 981 1050 1051 1044 1092 1093 1056 28 Sambalpur 976 988 948 988 985 995 1001 1004 977 29 Subarnapur 960 961 945 959 958 975 986 988 938 30 Sundargarh 973 1005 917 987 1006 959 1016 1018 1009

Table-17 Age and sex structure of Ganjam district 2011

173 Total Rural Urban Age group Persons Males Females Persons Males Females Persons Males Females 0-4 288990 151302 137688 235301 123181 112120 53689 28121 25568 5-Sep 340292 176095 164197 279354 144444 134910 60938 31651 29287 Oct-14 387949 194554 193395 316517 158010 158507 71432 36544 34888 15-19 352040 176966 175074 271075 134264 136811 80965 42702 38263 20-24 319599 162910 156689 241508 122325 119183 78091 40585 37506 25-29 291362 144184 147178 222144 109577 112567 69218 34607 34611 30-34 256254 123501 132753 194930 92451 102479 61324 31050 30274 35-39 253926 123112 130814 195105 93743 101362 58821 29369 29452 40-44 225241 115127 110114 172291 87795 84496 52950 27332 25618 45-49 189335 98706 90629 143605 74370 69235 45730 24336 21394 50-54 151588 76524 75064 115240 57294 57946 36348 19230 17118 55-59 121201 59861 61340 93275 45136 48139 27926 14725 13201 60-64 123636 60743 62893 98074 47848 50226 25562 12895 12667 65-69 81729 41144 40585 65682 32871 32811 16047 8273 7774 70-74 68639 34262 34377 55332 27753 27579 13307 6509 6798 75-79 31108 16246 14862 24574 13002 11572 6534 3244 3290 80+ 35348 18452 16896 28008 14998 13010 7340 3454 3886 Age not Stated 10794 5529 5265 9015 4574 4441 1779 955 824

Table-18 Literacy level by district of Odisha-2011

174 Total(In Percent) Rural(In Percent) Urban(In Percent) Sl Name Of Fem Perso Male Femal Person Femal No. District Persons Males Males ale ns s es s e 1 Angul 77.5 86 68.6 75.7 84.8 66.3 86.8 92 81 2 Balasore 79.8 87 72.3 79.2 86.7 71.3 84.7 89.9 80.1 3 Bargarh 74.6 83.7 65.4 73.4 82.8 63.8 85.8 91.5 79.9 4 Bhadrak 82.8 89.6 75.8 83.2 90.3 76.1 79.5 84.9 73.9 5 Bolangir 64.7 75.8 53.5 62.1 73.8 50.3 83.4 89.8 76.7 6 Boudh 71.6 83.3 59.8 70.8 82.8 58.8 86.8 93.3 79.9 7 Cuttack 85.5 91.1 79.6 83.5 90.1 76.5 90.6 93.7 87.4 8 Deogarh 72.6 81.9 63 71.7 81.3 62 83.4 89.1 77.3 9 Dhenkanal 78.8 86.2 71 77.6 85.4 69.5 89.3 93.3 84.9 10 Gajapati 53.5 64.4 43.2 49.9 61.2 39.2 77.9 85.1 70.9 11 Ganjam 71.1 81 61.1 67.6 78.5 56.8 83.3 89.3 76.9 Jagatsinghpu 12 86.6 92.4 80.6 86.5 92.5 80.4 87.3 91.5 82.7 r 13 Jajpur 80.1 86.8 73.3 79.7 86.5 72.7 86 90.7 81.1 14 Jharsuguda 78.9 86.6 70.7 75.5 84.3 66.6 83.9 90.1 77.2 15 Kalahandi 59.2 71.9 46.7 57.3 70.4 44.3 81.6 88.4 74.5 16 Phulbani 64.1 76.9 51.9 61.5 75 48.8 86.8 93.3 80.3 17 Kendrapara 85.2 91.5 79 85 91.4 78.7 88.3 92.6 83.7 18 Keonjhar 68.2 78.1 58.3 66.5 76.8 56.3 78.6 85.8 70.8 19 Khurda 86.9 91.8 81.6 83 89.4 76.3 91 94.2 87.5 20 Koraput 49.2 60.3 38.6 42.4 54.1 31.3 81.8 88.5 74.9 21 Malkangir 48.5 59.1 38.3 46.1 56.7 36 74.5 83.4 64.9 22 Mayurbhanj 63.2 73.8 52.7 61.2 72.2 50.3 85.9 90.8 80.8

23 Nawarangpur 46.4 57.3 35.8 43.9 55 33 77.9 84.9 70.7

24 Nayagarh 80.4 88.2 72 79.8 87.7 71.1 87.8 92.9 82.2 25 Nuapada 57.3 70.3 44.8 56 69.3 43.2 79 86.6 71.3 26 Puri 84.7 90.8 78.3 84.2 90.8 77.3 87.4 91 83.5 27 Rayagada 49.8 61 39.2 44.4 56.2 33.5 78 85.6 70.4 28 Sambalpur 76.2 84.4 67.9 72.6 81.8 63.4 84.8 90.3 79 29 Sonepur 74.4 84.4 64 73.6 83.8 63.1 83 90.7 74.9 30 Sundargarh 73.3 81 65.5 66.6 75.6 57.7 85.3 90.2 80

175

Table-19 Literacy Level of Ganjam district by blocks in percentage -2011 Sl Block Name Persons Males Females No. 1 Aska 74.79 84.9 64.89 2 Bellaguntha 78.04 86.54 69.77 3 Bhanjanagar 73.48 82.73 64.14 4 Buguda 72.51 81.85 63.52 5 Chhatrapur 65.56 77.85 53.53 6 Chikiti 58.3 70.25 47.02 7 Dharakote 64.12 74.57 54.07 8 Digapahandi 62.48 74.74 50.26 9 Ganjam 68.83 81.98 55.82 10 Hinjilicut 69.98 81.02 59.51 11 Jagannathprasad 74.61 83.61 65.63 12 Kabisuryanagar 71.3 83.05 59.64 13 Khallikote 66.12 77.52 54.27 14 Kodala(Beguniapada) 66.53 77.78 55.24 15 Kukudakhandi 68.11 77.8 58 16 Patrapur 58.3 70.25 47.02 17 Polasara 69.41 79.67 59.28 18 Purusottampur 66.27 78 54.94 19 Rangeilunda 69.53 79.83 59.09 20 Sanakhemundi 63.15 73.83 52.12 21 Seragad 69.67 80.65 58.47 22 Sorada 59.85 70.4 59.29 Table-20 Work participation rate of Ganjam district 1971 -2011 Sl. No Year Work participation rate in % 1 1971 32.54 2 1981 34.83 3 1991 35.02 4 2001 41.32 5 2011 42.56 Table-21 Types of workers in Ganjam District 1971 -2011(in percent)

Sl. No. Year Cultivators Agricultural labourers Others

1 1971 41.42 32.12 22.33 2 1981 42.16 32.43 21.96 3 1991 38.96 32.94 25.07 4 2001 24.69 38.59 32.92 5 2011 18.97 39.63 37.65

176

Table-22 Block wise worker’s participation rate in Ganjam district- 1991 -2011 Work participation in % to total population Sl.No Name of Block 1991 2001 2011 1 Aska 37.28 39.52 40.63 2 Beguniapada 43.97 44.77 39.52 3 Bellaguntha 35.91 38.93 44 4 Bhanjanagar 45.1 42.37 45.2 5 Buguda 39.54 43.67 41.83 6 Chhatrapur 45.11 43.37 41.02 7 Chikiti 46.67 48.39 47.24 8 Dharakote 40.72 45.54 45.85 9 Digapahandi 49.04 50.11 51.11 10 Ganjam 40.98 39.72 41.72 11 Hinjilicut 40.67 43.42 45.21 12 Jagannathprasad 44.92 44.75 43.94 13 Kavisurjyanagar 37.91 41.38 43.64 14 Khalikote 40.53 39.39 41.96 15 Kukudakhandi 40.79 40 41.1 16 Patrapur 49.6 51.99 49.53 17 Polasara 38.76 41.99 42.53 18 Purusottampur 40.59 43.41 43.88 19 Rangeilunda 40.36 40.22 42.37 20 Sanakhemundi 41.59 47.28 47.98 21 Seragarh 41.04 43.96 44.42 22 Surada 46.59 47.81 49.13 Ganjam District 40.08 41.32 42.56

177 Table-23 Block wise percentage of Total workers, Main workers and Marginal workers to Total population in Ganjam District-2011

Total Workers Main workers Marginal Non workers Sl.No. Name of Block in % in % workers in % in %

1 Aska 40.63 23.22 17.41 59.37 2 Beguniapada 39.52 25.15 14.37 60.48 3 Bellaguntha 44 22.08 21.92 56 4 Bhanjanagar 45.2 23.93 21.27 54.8 5 Buguda 41.83 20.7 18.43 58.17 6 Chhatrapur 41.02 23.4 17.62 58.98 7 Chikiti 47.24 23.38 23.86 52.76 8 Dharakote 45.85 25.85 20 54.15 9 Digapahandi 51.11 26.21 24.9 48.89 10 Ganjam 41.72 24.37 17.35 58.28 11 Hinjilicut 45.21 28.64 16.57 54.79 12 Jagannathprasad 43.94 23.26 20.68 56.06 13 Kavisurjyanagar 43.64 10.81 32.83 56.36 14 Khalikote 41.96 19.63 22.33 58.04 15 Kukudakhandi 41.1 31.81 9.29 58.9 16 Patrapur 49.53 24.28 25.25 50.47 17 Polasara 42.53 24.48 18.05 57.47 18 Purusottampur 43.88 26.65 17.23 56.12 19 Rangeilunda 42.37 31.06 11.31 57.63 20 Sanakhemundi 47.98 24.88 23.1 52.08 21 Seragarh 44.42 24.28 20.14 55.58 22 Sorada 49.13 24.61 24.52 50.87 Ganjam District 42.56 25.52 17.04 57.44

Table-24 Block wise percentage distribution of sectoral Workers to Total Worker in Ganjam 1991-2011

178 Cultivat Agriculture House hold Other Sl No Name of the block ors labourers industry workers

1 Aska 28.67 38.57 3.13 29.63 2 Beguniapada 30.43 47.67 3.53 18.36 3 Bellaguntha 29.49 38.34 3.15 29.02 4 Bhanjanagar 24.36 39.37 6.6 29.67 5 Buguda 32.75 40.85 3.41 22.99 6 Chhatrapur 20.71 36.37 2.34 40.59 7 Chikiti 19.24 38.2 2.22 40.33 8 Dharakote 29.95 42.37 6.52 21.16 9 Digapahandi 32.38 49.18 2.66 15.77 10 Ganjam 28.29 40.52 1.96 29.23 11 Hinjilicut 28.41 47.55 4.6 19.45 12 Jagannathprasad 30.04 44.24 4.46 21.26 13 Kavisurjyanagar 31.19 51.59 2.41 14.82 14 Khalikote 27.25 43.08 3.07 26.6 15 Kukudakhandi 15.68 38.5 1.75 44.08 16 Patrapur 30.58 48.61 3.02 17.8 17 Polasara 29.3 48.47 4.39 17.84 18 Purusottampur 27.59 49.37 3.19 19.85 19 Rangeilunda 17.2 30.53 2.23 50.03 20 Sanakhemundi 29.7 49.25 3.29 17.77 21 Seraga 32.07 46.09 4.36 17.49 22 Surada 33.35 36.91 5.71 24.02 4.69 23 38.59 3.8 32.9 Ganjam District 3.80 Table-25 Sector-wise change in gross domestic product of Ganajm dsitrcit (2004-05 prices) Ganjam Odisha Sector 2006-07 2009-10 2006-07 2009-10 Primary Sector 13.34 12.36 6.49 7.07 Secondary Sector 17.51 0.76 21.83 -4.83 Tertiary Sector 18.79 11.66 18.78 8.68 Finance and Services Sector 7.75 10.24 6.66 9.59 Total GDP 13.82 8.27 12.85 4.55

179 Table-26 Sector-wise growth rates of GDDP, 2005-06, 2009-10, (2004-05 prices) 2005-06 2009-10 Sector Ganjam Odisha Ganjam Odisha Agriculture and Animal Husbandry -1.22 3.47 13.79 9.48 Forestry 2.65 2.65 0.83 0.68 Fishery 4.33 3.31 15 0.75 Mining and Quarrying 11.24 8.68 3.52 5.49 Manufacturing Regd. 15.66 2.09 -8.38 -8.38 Manufacturing Unegd. 3.54 4.24 2.56 3.66 Electricity,Gas and Water Supply -7.38 -8.1 -23.75 -24.19 Trade,Hotel and Resturant 12.1 14.52 11.95 9.06 Railway 2.03 4.68 -14.71 -12.43 Transport by other means 14.65 15.74 9.27 10.51 Storage 21.3 12.92 16.12 8.77 Communication 20.25 20.62 16.03 16.45 Banking and Insurance 15.04 15.21 15.48 15.68 Real Estae,Business and Legal Services 10.97 6.33 6.9 3.39 Public Administration -7.44 -6.71 0.02 0.88 Othe Services 7.36 7.84 14.12 14.65 Total GDDP 5.55 5.68 8.27 4.55 Table-27 Gross and Net District Domestic Product in Ganjam 2004-05 to 2009-10 (2004-05 prices) YEAR GDDP(in Lakh) NDDP(in Lakh) Per Capita NDDP(in Rupees) 2004-05 5,50,109 5,01,034 15,268 2005-06 5,80,635 5,29,785 15,971 2006-07 6,60,894 6,02,209 17,960 2007-08 7,14,679 6,48,623 19,137 2008-09 7,53,448 6,84,170 19,969 2009-10 8,15,724 7,41,703 21,415 Average Growth Rate (%) 8.24 8.2 7.04

Table-28 Human Development Indicators of Ganjam District -2013 (2)

180 Indicator Value Indicator Value District Human Development SC Literacy Rate(2011)[%] 59.62 Index ( HDI)rank(2004)* 20 Population ( 2001)[Lakh] ST Literacy Rate(2001)[%] 49.71 Person 35.29 Neo-natal Mortality Rate(2011-12) 37 Male 17.79 Infant Mortality Rate(2011-12) 59 Female 17.5 Under Five Mortality Rate(2011-12) 90 ST(2011)[%] 3.37 Wealth Index (2010-11)[%] SC (2011)[%] 19.5 Lowest 11 Population Density(2011) 440 Highest 27.5 Sex Ratio (2011) 983 Institutional Delivery ( 2010-11)[%] 83 Child Sex Ratio(2011) 908 Contraceptive Prevalence Rate(2010-11)[%] 49.3 Literacy Ratio (2011) Unmet Need for Family Planning(2010-11)[%] 29.7 Girl Marriage before Completing 18 Person 71.09 year(2010-11)[%] 8.8 Male 80.99 No. of People Infected with HIV' 9.313 Real Gross District Domestic Product (Rs.in Female 61.13 lakh): 2009-10 at 2004-05 price' 8,15,724 Table-29 Block wise existing land use & land cover pattern of ganjam district -2015

181 Sl. Land Use & Land cover area in Sq Km Name of Block No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 Aska 149.5 0.11 14.01 0 0 0.09 0.48 7.34 17.16 13.65 0.62 203.28 2 Beguniapada 184.64 0.0005 16.97 0 0 0 0 49.94 14.78 8.68 0.22 275.2305 3 Bellaguntha 154.21 0.37 10.64 0 0 0 1.2 34.47 11.03 10.49 0.13 222.79 4 Bhanjanagar 246.78 0 11.75 0 0 0 0.67 425.69 34.6 19.39 0 739.44 5 Buguda 180.5 0.03 17.1 0 0 0 2.89 196.2 20.92 13.3 0.58 431.6 6 Chhatrapur 168.68 0.06 12.89 2.23 0.15 2.4 16.99 2.3 14.69 14.35 0.82 239.13 7 Chikiti 150.34 0.07 8.6 1.23 0 0.08 5.26 17.69 54.71 16.8 2.08 257.09 8 Dharakote 187.27 0.13 7.73 0 0 0.007 0.94 246.98 26.86 8.45 0.19 478.667 9 Digapahandi 288.02 0.12 16.06 0 0 0 0.49 125.55 61.26 16.97 0.59 509.44 10 Ganjam 117.64 0.19 8.02 3.04 0 0 14.42 50.38 25.66 7.26 10.15 237.83 11 Hinjilicut 141.73 7.35 2.51 0 0 0.09 1.35 0 7.73 6.97 0.92 168.89 Jagannathprasa 12 302.94 0.52 12.68 0 0 0 1.54 425.36 61.51 10.37 0.83 815.8 d 13 Kavisurjyanagar 131.06 0.23 7.84 0 0 0 0.39 7.42 15.31 5.37 0.46 168.08 14 Khalikote 232.19 0.05 17.5 0 0 0 0.53 65.66 24.48 7.17 66.48 415.07 15 Kukudakhandi 177.27 0.05 18.44 0 0 0.12 0.46 63.6 26.18 7.59 0.73 294.75 16 Patrapur 230.24 0.14 7.74 0 0 0.02 0.42 267.97 27.15 10.46 0.49 545.34 17 Polasara 195.1 0.07 9.69 0 0 0 0.83 165.75 19.68 8.87 0.49 400.54 18 Purusottampur 197.05 0.1 11.62 0.26 0 0.006 0.93 4.1 20.7 17.38 0.97 253.126 19 Rangeilunda 187.03 0.21 37.52 1.34 0.009 0.27 11.15 0 10.93 7.54 2.74 260.179 20 Sanakhemundi 219.95 0.2 14.41 0 0 0.02 0.12 46.29 48.69 8.23 0.57 338.65 21 Seraga 151.64 0.19 5.68 0 0 0 0.27 18.76 7.95 7.88 0.26 192.78 22 Surada 340.61 0.18 10.33 0 0 0 0.57 497.78 105.49 17.03 2.7 974.69 23 Total District 4334.4 10.371 279.7 8.1 0.159 3.103 61.9 2719.23 657.47 244.2 93.02 8422.393

Table-30 Block wise existing land use & land cover pattern of ganjam district -2015(area in %)

182 Sl.N Name of Block Land Use & Land cover area in Sq Km in percentage o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 1.77 0.11 0.166 0 0 0.001 0.005 0.08 0.2 0.16 0.007 2.41 Aska 2 Beguniapada 2.19 - 0.2 0 0 0 0 0.59 0.17 0.1 0.002 3.26 3 Bellaguntha 1.83 0.004 0.126 0 0 0 0.01 0.4 0.13 0.12 0.001 2.64 4 Bhanjanagar 2.14 0 0.139 0 0 0 0.0079 5.05 0.41 0.23 0 8.77 5 Buguda 2.1 4E-04 0.2 0 0 0 0.03 2.32 0.24 0.15 0.006 5.12 6 Chhatrapur 2 7E-04 0.15 0.002 0.002 0.02 0.2 0.02 0.17 0.17 0.009 2.83 7 Chikiti 1.78 8E-04 0.1 0.014 0 0.0009 0.06 0.21 0.64 0.19 0.02 3.05 8 Dharakote 2.22 0.002 0.091 0 0 - 0.01 2.93 0.31 0.1 0.002 5.68 9 Digapahandi 3.41 0.001 0.19 0 0 0 0.005 1.49 0.72 0.2 0.007 6.04 10 Ganjam 1.39 0.002 0.095 0.03 0 0 0.17 0.59 0.3 0.08 0.12 2.82 11 Hinjilicut 1.68 0.087 0.029 0 0 0.001 0.01 0 0.09 0.08 0.01 2 12 Jagannathprasad 3.59 0.006 0.15 0 0 0 0.01 5.05 0.73 0.12 0.009 9.68 13 Kavisurjyanagar 1.55 0.003 0.093 0 0 0 0.004 0.08 0.18 0.06 0.005 1.99 14 Khalikote 2.75 6E-04 0.2 0 0 0 0.006 0.77 0.29 0.08 0.78 4.92 15 Kukudakhandi 2.1 6E-04 0.21 0 0 0.001 0.005 0.75 0.31 0.09 0.008 3.49 16 Patrapur 2.73 0.002 0.09 0 0 0.0002 0.004 3.18 0.32 0.12 0.005 6.47 17 Polasara 2.31 8E-04 0.11 0 0 0 0.009 1.96 0.23 0.1 0.005 4.75 18 Purusottampur 2.33 0.001 0.13 0.003 0 - 0.01 0.04 0.24 0.2 0.01 3 19 Rangeilunda 2.22 0.002 0.44 0.015 1E-04 0.003 0.13 0 0.12 0.08 0.03 3.08 20 Sanakhemundi 2.61 0.002 0.17 0 0 0.0002 0.001 0.54 0.57 0.09 0.006 4.02 21 Seraga 1.8 0.002 0.06 0 0 0 0.003 0.22 0.09 0.93 0.003 2.28 22 Surada 4.04 0.002 0.12 0 0 0 0.006 1.25 1.25 0.2 0.03 11.57

Table-31 Land area not suitable for development of Ganjam District -2015 Sl. No Land category Area in SQ km Percent of area to total area. 1 Water body 244.54 2.9 2 CRZ area 314 3.72 3 Wet land area 93.24 1.1 4 Protected and reserved forest area 2722.19 32.3

Table-32 Availability of Govt.land and Private land in Ganjam District

183 Sl.No. Name of tahasil Govt.land(acre) Private land(acre) 1 Chatrapur 16274.847 43267.025 2 Khallikote 43520.499 55410.861 3 Kodala 10492.69 44728.235 4 Purushottampur 13516.139 46068.95 5 Hinjili 7473.043 33747.422 6 Ganjam 23451.169 30561.508 7 Polosara 9757.748 34748.663 8 K.S.Nagar 9737.789 31610.355 9 Berhampur 1056.488 6097.355 10 Konisi 16207.343 41743.259 11 Digapahandi 40884.322 52127.523 12 Chikiti 11617.8 34153.529 13 Patrapur 16959.984 44266.973 14 Kukudakhandi 18962.961 47070.027 15 S.khemundi 25470.285 37337.777 16 Bhanjanagar 18370 51526 17 Aska 12233.267 36592.314 18 Sorada 25567.768 47487.061 19 Buguda 14975.314 48530.33 20 Seragarh 13429.77 25697.179 21 Belaguntha 10209.168 34970.648 22 J.N.Prasad 35467.571 63523.505 23 Dharakote 23588.241 28100.273 TOTAL 419224.206 919366.772 Table-33 Classification of forest area of Ganjam District – 2015 Area in Sq Sl.No Classification of Forest Percent to total forest area km 1 Reserve forest area 1485.69 47.17 2 Demarcated protected forest 143.54 4.56 3 Undemarcated forest 1167.36 37.06 4 Unclassified forest 0.8 2.54 5 Other forest 352.45 11.19 6 Total forest area 3149.9 100 7 Percentage of forest area to total area of the - district 38.39

184 Table-34 Odisha District wise Precipitaion Sl.No. District Volum(Mm) Rainy Day 1 Angul 1253.3 71.9 2 Bolangir 1444 80.6 3 Balasore 1600 67.5 4 Bargarh 1398 65 5 Bhadrak 1568.4 75.6 6 Boudh 1302.5 72.6 7 Cutack 1351 70.4 8 Deogarh 1573 79.3 9 Dhenkanal 1421.1 69.6 10 Gajapati 1295.6 54.8 11 Ganjam 1296 49.2 12 Jagatsinghapur 1489.9 69.1 13 Jajapur 1600 70.5 14 Jharsuguda 1456 73.7 15 Kalahandi 1657 87.6 16 Kandhamal/phulbani 1592 76.5 17 Kendrapara 1435.1 55.6 18 keonjhar 1800 54 19 khordha 1500 66.6 20 Koraput 1430.5 90 21 Malkangiri 1594.6 82.4 22 Mayurbhanj 1648.2 84.7 23 Nabarangapur 1472 77.7 24 Nayagahr 1449.1 72.6 25 Nuapada 1245 59.5 26 Puri 1449.1 63.8 27 Rayagada 1640 67 28 Sambalpur 1599 73.1 29 Sonepur 1260 54.6 30 Sundargarh 1647.6 78.2 Odisha 1482.2 77.85

185 Table-35 Catchment area of river basin of rusikulya and other basins of Odisha Catchments in Catchment area(in% to Odisha Sl.No. River Odisha (Sq.Km) total) (%) 1 Mahanadi 65,628 41 2 Brahmani 22,516 14 3 Rushikulya 8,963 6 4 Indrabati 7,400 5 5 Kolab 10,300 7 6 Vanshadhara 8,960 6 7 Baitarani 13,482 9 Budhabalanga & 8 Jambhira 6,354 4 9 Subarnarekha 2,983 2 10 Nagabali 4,500 3 11 Bahuda 890 1 Area directly draining to sea 3,731 2 TOTAL/ODISHA 155,707 100 Table-36 Average annual rain-off - Basin of Rusikulya River and other basins of Odisha Average Flow: 2001 Projected Flow: 2051 Sl. No. River Own Outside Total Own Outside Total 1 Mahanadi 29900 29255 59155 29900 21039 50939 2 Brahmani 11391 7186 18577 11391 3118 14509 3 Rushikulya 3949 0 3949 3949 0 3949 4 Indrabati 6265 0 6265 6265 0 6265 5 Kolab 11089 0 11089 11089 0 11089 6 Banshadhara 5083 0 5083 5083 0 5083 7 Baitarani 7568 0 7568 7568 0 7568 8 Budhabalanga 3111 0 3111 3111 0 3111 9 Subarnarekha 1193 1115 2308 1193 1115 2308 10 Nagabali 2853 0 2853 2853 0 2853 11 Bahuda 438 0 438 438 0 438 12 Total/Odisha 82840 37556 120396 82840 25272 108112

Table-37 Block wise ground water potential and its use

186 Existing Existing Gross Provision for Net Ground Net Existing Stage of Gross Ground domestic & Water Annual Gross Ground Sl Ground Water Draft industrial Availability Block Ground Ground Water No Water for domestic requirement for future Water Water Draft Developme Draft for & Industrial supply for irrigation Availability for all uses nt Irrigation Supply next 25 years development

HAM HAM HAM HAM HAM HAM %age 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Aska 4461 1895 427.51 2323 537 2029 52.07 2 Belaguntha 4124 1176 297.75 1474 368 2579 35.74 3 Bhanjanagar 9120 1452 332.06 1784 455 7213 19.56 4 Buguda 5565 928 297.8 1226 391 4246 22.03 5 Chhatrapur 5794 1206 388.41 1595 392 4196 27.53 6 Chikiti 4619 1455 185.87 1641 261 2903 35.53 7 Dharakote 4611 883 269.33 1152 359 3369 24.98 8 Digapahandi 7569 1159 335.29 1494 469 5941 19.74 9 Ganjam 2865 1375 204.94 1580 208 1282 55.15 10 Hinjilicut 4031 1683 277.22 1960 386 1961 48.62 11 Jaganathprasa 8051 1040 285 1325 374 6637 16.46 d 12 Kabisuryanaga 3379 784 315.91 1100 405 2190 32.55 r 13 Khalikote 4292 1191 330 1521 528 2573 35.44 14 Kodala 3857 720 323.44 1043 445 2692 27.04 15 Kukudakhandi 6400 769 323.53 1093 417 5213 17.08 16 Patrapur 4345 882 309.06 1191 403 3060 27.41 17 Polasara 4568 922 343.22 1265 487 3159 27.69 18 Purusottampur 5283 2059 401.56 2461 525 2699 46.58 19 Rangeilunda 3975 1010 334.17 1345 411 2554 33.84 20 Sanakhemundi 5753 1190 361.69 1551 503 4061 26.96 21 Shergada 3676 1179 299.23 1478 426 2071 40.21 22 Sorada 8203 1479 325.92 1806 453 6271 22.02 District Total 114541 26437 6968.91 33408 9203 78899 694.23

Table-38 Block wise gross cropped area, net area sown, cropping intensity and area sown more than once of ganjam district -2016

187 Gross Sl. Net Area Area Sown More Cropping Name of Block Cropped No. Sown than(1-2) Intensity Area 1 Aska 30564 16856 13708 1.81 2 Beguniapada 31404 17805 13599 1.76 3 Belaguntha 28731 16189 12542 1.77 4 Bhanjanagar 39757 23977 15780 1.66 5 Buguda 35269 20660 14609 1.71 6 Chhatrapur 27318 14425 12893 1.89 7 Chikiti 27966 14430 13536 1.94 8 Dharakote 29973 17918 12055 1.67 9 Digapahandi 44255 25369 18886 1.74 10 Ganjam 23886 12553 11333 1.90 11 Hinjilicut 27535 14428 13107 1.91 12 Jagannathprasad 41839 26972 14867 1.55 13 Kabisuryanagar 24868 14286 10582 1.74 14 Khallikote 31443 18007 13436 1.75 15 Kukudakhandi 28345 15639 12706 1.81 16 Patrapur 33316 18686 14630 1.78 17 Polasara 29472 14657 14815 2.01 18 Purasottampur 33707 18927 14780 1.78 19 Rangailunda 25765 14729 11036 1.75 20 Sanakhemundi 34152 19033 15119 1.79 21 Seragada 27921 14792 13129 1.89 22 Sorada 36700 20783 15917 1.77 Total 694186 391121 303065 3938 Table-39 Growth trend of net shown area in the district Sl No Year Net sown area in Gross cropped Cropping hectare area in hectare intensity 1 2011-2012 274685 - - 2 2012- 2013 267674 - - 3 2013- 2014 263222 - - 4 2014- 2015 277600 - - 5 2015-2016 391121 694186 177

Table-40 Cultivated area under different crops of Ganjam district – 2016

188 KHARIF RABI SUMMER TOTAL CROP TYPE IRRG RAINFED TOTAL IRRG RAINFED TOTAL IRRG RAINFED TOTAL IRRG RAINFED TOTAL Cereals 199983 23817 223800 85 0 85 855 0 855 200923 23817 224740 Coarse Cereals 21135 35952 57087 2176 83 2259 1037 33 1070 24348 36068 60416 Pulses 399 38690 39089 840 178285 179125 2511 31289 33800 3750 248264 252014 Oilseeds 6104 17635 23739 12483 2156 14639 2922 14065 16987 21509 33856 55365 Fibers 0 2977 2977 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2977 2977 Vegetables 35710 22386 58096 12693 7126 19819 13134 0 13134 61537 29512 91049 Spices 2588 144 2732 3494 460 3954 0 0 0 6082 604 6686 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 2939 0 2939 2939 0 2939 Total 265919 141601 407520 31771 188110 219881 23398 45387 68785 321088 375098 696186 Table-41 Yield rate and production of different crops of ganjam district-2015

189 2014-15 Sl.No. Crop A / Y / P 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Total Autumn Winter Summer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A … … … 1 … … 1 1 Wheat Y … … … 5 … … 5 P … … … 5 … … 5 A 1292 1010 760 621 587 1 33 2 Maize Y 18.45 17.1 17.97 16.92 16.4 46.46 25.27 P 23837 17271 13655 10508 9628 46 834 A 2822 1950 1803 2150 2041 … 109 3 Ragi Y 8.76 9.46 7.77 9.28 9.28 … 9.38 P 24715 18449 14017 19962 18940 … 1022 A 22389 44030 39877 45054 … 45049 5 4 Mung Y 2.1 2.22 2.25 2.39 … 2.39 2.75 P 47047 97747 89730 1.00E+05 … 1.00E+05 14 A 2994 6965 4878 5053 80 4973 S' 5 Biri Y 2.34 2.07 2.24 2.19 1.88 2.2 0.72 P 7000 14384 10925 11091 150 10941 S' A 886 1015 943 993 … 993 … 6 Kulthi Y 1.99 2.26 2.69 2.84 … 2.84 … P 1763 2294 2537 2820 … 2820 … A 1141 455 1838 934 … 28 906 7 Til Y 1.77 1.79 1.71 1.62 … 1.82 1.61 P 2015 815 3142 1510 … 51 1459 A 1980 2265 2787 2245 1136 29 1080 8 Groundnut Y 12.77 13.09 12.22 13.41 11.49 23.32 15.16 P 25282 29648 34054 30102 13053 676 16373 A 8 26 10 17 … 17 … 9 Mustard Y 1.64 1.56 1.01 2.51 … 2.51 … P 13 41 10 43 … 43 … A 44 17 30 270 … 270 … 10 Potato Y 80.03 98.65 104.59 114 … 114 … P 3521 1677 3138 30780 … 30780 … A … … … … … … … 11 Jute Y … … … … … … … P … … … … … … … A 1733 1441 1704 773 … 773 … 12 Sugarcane P 749.2 709.62 286.75 763.4 … 763.4 … Y … 1022562 488622 590093 … 590093 …

Table-42 Source wise irrigation potential of ganjam district-2014 (area in hectares)

190 Major/Medium Minor irrigation projects Total Irrigation projects Other sources Sl no Flow Lift Kharif Rabi Total Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi 1 125295 2200 79396 7135 12611 11959 36178 22726 253480 44020 297500 2 125296 5420 79940 7214 12610 16042 36175 223224 254021 51000 305021 3 126494 9841 79937 6832 22556 16042 31039 22323 260026 55038 315064 Table-43 Block wise irrigation potential of ganjam District

Major/Medium Minor irrigation Project Sl.N Other Sources TOTAL Year/Block irrigation Projects. o Flow Lift Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2011-12 125295 2200 79396 7135 12611 ##### 36178 22726 3E+05 44020 1 2012-13 125296 5420 79940 7214 12610 ##### 36175 22324 25421 51000 2013-14 126494 9841 79937 6832 22556 ##### 31039 22323 3E+05 55038 2013-14 BLOCK 1 Aska 5465 500 2591 73 1528 843 1539 1035 11123 2451 2 Bellaguntha 3980 0 722 12 750 344 1245 1199 6697 1555 3 Bhanjanagar 6573 900 1713 151 1580 944 1543 580 11409 2575 4 Buguda 5509 540 2409 44 464 382 1292 719 9674 1685 5 Chatrapur 7445 0 2508 42 1032 774 1367 1316 12350 2132 6 Chikiti 5377 0 3950 333 1416 1167 1267 583 12010 2083 7 Dharakote 3565 500 3054 345 1258 773 1780 975 9657 2593 8 Digaphandi 8868 0 6836 671 1538 1337 1157 1498 18399 3506 9 Ganjam 4096 0 2227 46 1017 857 2637 1066 9977 1969 10 Hinjilicut 10466 0 1502 49 1189 856 1202 1853 14359 2758 11 J.Prasad 0 0 5556 999 1120 828 1619 855 8295 2682 12 K.S.Nagar 1953 0 2229 40 450 273 1432 1296 6064 1609 13 Khallikote 0 0 3926 452 322 234 926 1109 5174 1795 Kodal(Begunip 14 2000 2963 7038 773 848 574 1046 460 10932 4770 ada) 15 Kukudakhandi 10412 0 1726 109 90 80 996 823 13224 1012 16 Patrapur 7025 0 7630 470 896 574 959 746 16510 1790 17 Polosara 8472 300 2643 24 1094 723 1460 924 13669 1971 Purushottamp 18 6795 0 3518 286 2364 2032 1933 1045 14610 3363 ur 19 Rangeilunda 12025 0 1136 112 134 155 1533 964 14828 1231 20 Sanakhemundi 4849 0 6701 970 1080 649 1498 1388 14128 3007 21 Seragada 4614 600 3905 80 997 629 1284 997 10800 2306 22 Sorada 7005 3538 6417 751 1391 1014 1324 892 16137 6195

Table-44 Consumption of fertiliser in the ganjam district 2015

191 Major/Medium Minor irrigation Project Other Sources TOTAL Sl.No Year/Block irrigation Projects. Flow Lift Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi Kharif Rabi 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2011-12 125295 2200 79396 7135 12611 11959 36178 22726 253480 44020 1 2012-13 125296 5420 79940 7214 12610 16042 36175 22324 25421 51000 2013-14 126494 9841 79937 6832 22556 16042 31039 22323 260026 55038 2013-14 BLOCK 1 Aska 5465 500 2591 73 1528 843 1539 1035 11123 2451 2 Bellaguntha 3980 0 722 12 750 344 1245 1199 6697 1555 3 Bhanjanagar 6573 900 1713 151 1580 944 1543 580 11409 2575 4 Buguda 5509 540 2409 44 464 382 1292 719 9674 1685 5 Chatrapur 7445 0 2508 42 1032 774 1367 1316 12350 2132 6 Chikiti 5377 0 3950 333 1416 1167 1267 583 12010 2083 7 Dharakote 3565 500 3054 345 1258 773 1780 975 9657 2593 8 Digaphandi 8868 0 6836 671 1538 1337 1157 1498 18399 3506 9 Ganjam 4096 0 2227 46 1017 857 2637 1066 9977 1969 10 Hinjilicut 10466 0 1502 49 1189 856 1202 1853 14359 2758 11 J.Prasad 0 0 5556 999 1120 828 1619 855 8295 2682 12 K.S.Nagar 1953 0 2229 40 450 273 1432 1296 6064 1609 13 Khallikote 0 0 3926 452 322 234 926 1109 5174 1795 14 Kodal(Begunipada) 2000 2963 7038 773 848 574 1046 460 10932 4770 15 Kukudakhandi 10412 0 1726 109 90 80 996 823 13224 1012 16 Patrapur 7025 0 7630 470 896 574 959 746 16510 1790 17 Polosara 8472 300 2643 24 1094 723 1460 924 13669 1971 18 Purushottampur 6795 0 3518 286 2364 2032 1933 1045 14610 3363 19 Rangeilunda 12025 0 1136 112 134 155 1533 964 14828 1231 20 Sanakhemundi 4849 0 6701 970 1080 649 1498 1388 14128 3007 21 Seragada 4614 600 3905 80 997 629 1284 997 10800 2306 22 Sorada 7005 3538 6417 751 1391 1014 1324 892 16137 6195 Table-45 Block wise live stock (large) of ganjam district 2016

192 Block Wise Livestock(Large Animals) Large Animals Draught Non- animal Sl. Indigeno Crossbred Graded Name of the Block descript Buffaloes, No. us cattle cattle Buffalo Buffaloes Yak,Bulls,any other 1 Aska 20739 1693 3668 407 8673 2 Beguniapada 23393 828 1601 177 10357 3 Bellaguntha 20120 1122 1363 145 8444 4 Bhanjanagar 38238 926 2052 289 15912 5 Buguda 25813 226 2315 257 2436 6 Chikiti 13749 643 2284 275 5212 7 Chatrapur 18628 607 2107 245 6706 8 Digapahandi 40558 163 3405 378 16879 9 Dharakote 23458 216 1623 199 8265 10 Ganjam 20299 634 2950 375 7465 11 Hinjilicut 16320 805 2849 428 7528 12 Jagannathprasad 43748 324 2490 325 15311 13 Kabisuryanagar 17514 1219 1809 201 7480 14 Khallikote 28193 815 2401 302 10431 15 Kukudakhandi 19714 851 3323 455 7199 16 Patrapur 27380 562 3189 354 8651 17 Polasara 27260 536 1689 253 10523 18 Purusottampur 22779 405 3248 528 8428 19 Rangeilunda 14065 6507 4483 925 5204 20 Sanakhemundi 30867 312 2054 288 12112 21 Seragada 20027 388 1501 189 8644 22 Sorada 44116 326 1462 162 17205 Total 556978 20108 53866 7157 209065 Table-46 Block wise live stock (small) of ganjam district-2016

193 Block Wise Livestock(Small Animals) Small Animals Sl.No. Name of the Block Poultry Ducks Goats Pig Sheep 1 Aska 102631 352 9303 25 5486 2 Beguniapada 7200 45 9216 526 1512 3 Bellaguntha 12239 34 6338 171 4993 4 Bhanjanagar 23242 164 12359 219 7423 5 Buguda 29302 67 8761 353 4250 6 Chikiti 109322 204 4961 719 2725 7 Chatrapur 42598 316 7232 316 12049 8 Digapahandi 10612 8 16695 232 10671 9 Dharakote 19413 18 12283 321 2294 10 Ganjam 11106 563 6807 208 4320 11 Hinjilicut 201356 78 6367 198 7852 12 Jagannathprasad 10588 23 13129 0 7541 13 Kabisuryanagar 6345 125 6944 229 4034 14 Khallikote 14612 334 17649 209 9069 15 Kukudakhandi 237068 20 17002 440 10915 16 Patrapur 29743 0 24219 633 6922 17 Polasara 5105 15 9056 12 3797 18 Purusottampur 142021 111 8066 179 11056 19 Rangeilunda 22897 583 6993 1131 9471 20 Sanakhemundi 6435 20 8002 159 5724 21 Seragada 5098 22 6294 116 3856 22 Sorada 15295 36 18293 374 7555 Total 1064228 3138 235969 6770 143515 Table-47 Industrial Scenario Of Ganjam District 2013 Sl.No. Head Unit Particulars 1 REGISTERED INDUSTRIAL UNIT NO. 3677 2 TOTAL INDUSTRIAL UNIT(GIP) NO. 9921 3 TOTAL MEDIUM & LARGE UNIT NO. 3 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN REGISTRED 4 NO. 27406 SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES TOTAL EMPLOYMENT IN LARGE AND 5 NO. 4505 MEDIUM INDUSTRIES 6 NO.OF INDUSTRIAL AREA / ESTATES NO. 5 TOTAL INVESTMENT IN PLANT & 7 MACHINERY OF SMALL SCALE IN LAKHS 25861.62 INDUSTRIES TOTAL INVESTMENT IN PLANT & 8 MACHINERY IN MEDIUM & LARGE IN CRORES 266.3 SCALE INDUSTRIES

194

Table-48 Industrial Sites Developed By IDCO in Ganjam District 2013 Prevailing Total Land Land Rate Sheds No of No. of Sl. Name of Ind. Total Land (in Allotted Per Allotted/ Vacant Units in No. Area/Indl. Estate Shed Acres) (In Acres) Acre/Rs. In Used Sheds Production lakh 1 Berhampur 13.138 9.224 30 54 54 0 NA 2 Auto Nagar -PH-I 28.052 16.559 30 0 0 0 NA 3 Auto Nagar -PH-II 46.125 7.816 30 0 0 0 NA 4 Chhatrapur 34.535 17.311 20 4 4 0 NA 5 Bhanjanagar 17.993 12.595 10 8 0 8 NA Total 139.843 63.505 120 66 58 8 NA

Table-49 Growth of Industrial Registration Industrial Of Ganjam District 1984 -2012

195 NUMBER OF INVESTMENT(lakh YEAR REGISTERED EMPLOYMENT Rs.) UNITS 1984-85 1013 7989 544.8 1985-86 57 437 93.9 1986-87 60 60.67 653 1987-88 47 256 46.36 1988-89 69 647 128.12 1989-90 47 551 193.83 1990-91 66 616 133.4 1991-92 110 661 93.44 1992-93 48 424 55.44 1993-94 52 398 224.5 1994-95 68 399 185.42 1995-96 98 660 238.5 1996-97 134 1245 507.29 1997-98 57 635 128.82 1998-99 39 445 462.62 1999-2000 128 1089 659.91 2000-01 119 577 141.29 2001-02 165 741 317.87 2002-03 168 532 116.94 2003-04 140 648 250.59 2004-05 140 830 334.26 2005-06 150 1016 453.79 2006-07 149 1030 444.22 2007-08 151 2084 896.94 2008-09 151 1187 513.2 2009-10 151 1034 396.9 2010-11 100 622 693.2 Total 3677 26813.67 8908.55

Table-50 DETAILS OF EXISTING MICRO AND SMALL ARTISAN ENTERPRISES IN THE DISRTICT 2012

196 NUMBER OF INVESTMENT(Lakh NIC CODE NO. TYPE OF INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT UNITS Rs.) 1 Misc. Manufacturing 410 1261 2083 20. & 22 Agro-based 2368 8071.87 13569 23, 24, 25 & 26 Textile based 858 773.63 3753 27 Forest & Wood Based 332 229.69 1671 28 Paper & Paper Production 181 631.78 910 29 Livestock & Leather 42 54.71 208 30 Rubber & Plastic 138 1476.29 686 31 Chemical & Allied 439 2149.07 3288 32 Glass & Ceramics 833 2698.42 11756 33 & 35 Engg. & Metal Based 1097 3710.68 5522 36 Electrical & Electronics 68 94.32 289 97 Repairing & Servicing 3155 4710.16 8531

Table-51 Important Tourist Place of Ganjam District 2015 SL.NO Name of tourist center Classification of Tourist spot 1 Gopalpur Sea Beach 2 Chilika (Rambha) Lake & Bird Sancuary 3 Aryapalli Sea Beach 4 Jaugada Buddhist Shrine-ashokan Rock Edict 5 Nirmaljhar Scenic Spot-Stream 6 Narayani Religious Center-Shrine of Goddess Narayani 7 Taptapani Hot Spring 8 Taratarini Religious Center-Shrine of Goddess Tara Tarini 9 Brahmapur Tye & Dye Tasaar Textiles 10 Buguda Religious Center-Shrine of Lord Biranchi Narayan 11 Girisola Welcome Point 12 Kulad Religious Cener-Shrine of Goddess Baghra Devi 13 Athagada Patana Historical Site 14 Mantridi Religious Cener-Shrine of Goddess Bhairabee 15 Huma-Kantiagada Scenic Spot-Sea Beach 16 Mahurikalua Religious Cener-Shrine of Goddess Mahuri Kalua 17 Pati-Sonapur Sea Beach 18 Patagarh Fort 19 Ujjaleswar-Ghodahad Dam Religious Cener-Shrine of Lord Ujjaleswar 20 Antarapada Religious Cener-Shrine of Goddess Sankulai 21 Humari Tampara Scenic Spot-Lake between Sea and NH-5 22 Nijabankeswari Scenic view & Pilgrim spot

197 Table-52 Connectivity status of Important Tourist Place of Ganjam District 2015 1 Nirmaljhara Scenic Spot Stream NH16 2 Brahmapur Tye and Dye Tasaar Textiles NH59 3 Buguda Religious Center Of Lord Biranchi Narayan SH31 4 Girisola Welcome Point NH5 5 Kulada Religious Center Of Lord Baghra Devi District Major Road 6 Athagada Patana Historical Site SH30 7 Mantridi Religious Center Of Goddess Bhairabee Village Road Near By NH5 8 Huma Kantiagada Sea Beach NH5 9 Mahurikalua Religious Center Of Goddess Mahuri Kalua District Major Road 10 Pati Sonapur Sea Beach NH5 11 Patagarh Fort NH5 ByPass Road 12 Ujjaleswar Ghodahad DamReligious Center Of Lord Ujjaleswar Village Road Near By NH59 13 Antarapada Religious Center Of Goddess Sankulai SH33 14 Humari Tampara Lake Between Sea and NH-5 Village Road Near By NH5 15 Nijabankeswari Piligrim Spot SH17 16 Taratarini Religious Center Of Goddess Tratarini SH32 17 Taptapani Hot Spring SH17 18 Narayani Religious Center Of Goddess Narayani Village Road Near By NH5 19 Jaugada Buddhist Shrine Ashokan Rock Edict Village Road Near By SH32 20 Aryapalli Sea Beach NH5 21 Chilika (Rambha) Lake and Bird Sanctuary NH5 22 Gopalpur Sea Beach NH16 23 Hinjilicut Market NH16 24 Bellaguntha Market NH59

Table-53 Development Programme of Important Tourist Places of Ganjam District 2015

198 Administrive Sanctined Sl.No. Name of work Executing Agence Approval Amount 1 Balance work of Tourist Complex, Gopalpur 100 75 OTDC Improvement of 2 (i)Dhabaleswar Temple, Gopalpur 60 60 OTDC (ii)Maa Siddha Bhairavi Temple, Mantridi Public Convenience Centre at 3 Biranchinarayana Temple, Buguda 50 50 OTDC 4 Public Convenience Centre at Budhakhol, Buguda 50 50 OTDC 5 Public Convenience Centre at Ujjaleswar 30 30 OTDC 6 Public Convenience Centre at Nija Bankeswari Temple 30 30 OTDC 7 Peripheral development at Narayani Temple 50 50 OTDC 8 Development of Antarapada 50 50 OTDC 2016-17 Dev . of Temple in Nali Hada 15 15 OTDC 1 Kukuda Khandi Digapahandi Block 2 Dev. of Saunlei Temple, Hinjilikatu 20 20 OTDC 3 Dev. of Park Bhanjanagar 150 75 COLLECTOR 4 Dev. of Dhabaleswar Temple 20 20 OTDC 5 Dev. of Sidha Vairabi Mantridi 30 30 OTDC Dev. of Sidha Mahavir Pitha, Sankulei Pitha , 50 50 OTDC 6 Sakaleswar Pitha Antarapada Dev. of Kulagada Jhadeswar,Dura Balkumari 300 50 OTDC 7 Singhasini Temple Dev. of Sidheswar Budha lingeswar, 100 75 OTDC 8 Palakasuni, Budha Kendu Pitha Sorada 9 Dev. of Biju Pattnaik Park at Odia Olapur 200 50 OTDC 2017-18 1 Tourist Complex, Gopalpur 100 25 OTDC 2 PCC at Nijabankeswari 30 30 OTDC Peripheral Dev. of Mahuri Kalia Temple , 3 Kukudakhandi 30 30 OTDC PCC, Tiolet Block Pathway, Parking , Pindi for Picnic 4 etc.at Kullada the Birth place of Kabi Samrat Upendra 50 50 OTDC Bhanja 5 Renovatino of Panthanivas, Taptapani 100 100 OTDC 6 Balance fund for Sankulei Pitha 25 25 COLLECTOR Dev. of Tourism Infrastructure at Khunteswari (Jetty, 30+28+12=70 70 COLLECTOR 7 Picnic Pindi & watch tower) Completion of developmental works at Buddhakhol & 8 25 25 OTDC Biranchi Narayan Temple,Buguda 9 Development of Barehi,Hinjili 101 70 COLLECTOR 10 Construction of Boundary Wallat Kereisuni, Ganjam 30 30 COLLECTOR

199

Table-54 Mineral Resources of the ganjam District 2015 Name of the Mineral Tahasil Area where available Lime kankar Khallikote Madhuduan Soap Stone Buguda Golia,Satrusola Manganese Kodala Zokalandi,Panoipada,Santarapalli Radhagovindapur, Binchna, Lime Stone Bhanjanagar Sindurapalli,Kodala,Beleigom,Santarapalli China Clay Kodala Balaigam, Santarapalli Fire clay Kodala Jolinda, Chikala Khandi Graphite Bhanjanagar Jaganathpur, Buduli, Quartz Aska Kabisuryanagar, Kanisi Pali, Berhampur Dakhinapur,, Granite Digapahandi Bhimapur, Badadumula Chikiti Tutipur, Bhajipadar. Table-55 Mineral Resources of Odisha

MINERAL DISTRIBUTION LOCATION GEOLOGY RESERVE USES All along Ganjam Eastern Ghats Super Group of (i)llmenite: Source of titanium,used coast from A.P:- rock on weathering release the for manufacture of titanium dioxide & Orissa border to heavy mineral, which are ferro-titanium alloys. Ganjam- Puri border. carried into the sea by many Important Sector river,tidal waves,littoral MINERAL SAND Ganjam Coast are:Gopalpur drift,wind action etc. have Sector,Chhatrapur played their part in he Sector and Prayagi concentration of heavy Sector minerals.

226.24 milion tonnes. (ii) Rutile:Source of titanium used for 12% approximately. titanium dioxide pigment welding electrodes production of titanium sponge & On boh side of metal.(iii)Zircon:Foundaries,ceramics, chilika lake refractories(iv)Sillimanite:Manufactu Puri coast Paikirapur- Bajrakot re of high temperature Sector and refractories(v)Garnet:Used as Brahmagiri Sector abrasive(vi)Monazite: Production of Rare Earth Compounds-Thorium, Uranium Helium.

200

Table-56 Roduction of Fishery in Blocks of Ganjam District-2015 Production of Fish(In MT) Sl. No. Year / Block Fresh Water Brakish Water Marine Water Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Aska 1379 0 0 1379 2 Beguniapada 2021.83 0 0 2021.83 3 Bellaguntha 1758 0 0 1758 4 Bhanjanagar 2636.4 0 0 2636.4 5 Buguda 1726 0 0 1726 6 Chikiti 1200.83 689.6 2474.35 4364.78 7 Chatrapur 1813.45 343.21 3402.75 5559.41 8 Digapahandi 2360.75 0 0 2360.75 9 Dharakote 1308.18 0 0 1308.18 10 Ganjam 1486 921.42 1347.5 3754.92 11 Hinjilicut 1168 0 0 1168 12 Jagannathprasad 1762.5 0 0 1762.5 13 Kabisuryanagar 1837 0 0 1837 14 Khallikote 1445.3 597.35 0 2042.65 15 Kukudakhandi 1415.3 0 0 1415.3 16 Patrapur 1200 0 0 1200 17 Polasara 1805.5 0 0 1805.5 18 Purusottampur 2948.59 0 0 2948.59 19 Rangeilunda 1454 250.51 4433.9 6138.41 20 Sanakhemundi 1698 0 0 1698 21 Seragada 1251 0 0 1251 22 Sorada 2089.65 0 0 2089.65

Table-57 Co-Operative Structure of Ganjam District-2013-14

201 LOAN ADVANCE SL.NO A. AGRICULTURAL CREDIT SOCIETIES: NUMBER MEMBER NO AMOUNT 1 PACS(Primary Agrl. Co-operative society) 399 300475 180146 3810914 2 CARD 4 85069 0 0 3 CCB(Central Co-operative Bank) 2 5442 184761 4228036 4 Other B. HOUSING COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES: NUMBER MEMBER LOAN ADVANCE 1 Primary House Building Co-operative Societies 3 84333 NA 2 Sub Divisional level HBCS 3 2527 NA C. NON-AGRICULTURAL CREDIT SOCIETIES: NUMBER MEMBER LOAN ADVANCE 1 Urban Co-operative Bank 2 6811 151440 2 Other Co-operative Bank 0 0 0 D. CONSUMER COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES: NUMBER NUMBER 1 Whole Sale Consumer Store 1 1067 2 Primary Consumer Co-operative Store 8 2768 3 Employee Consumer Co-operative Store 19 4379 4 Student Consumer Co-operative Store 6 274 5 Other 0 0 E. MARKETING COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES NUMBER NUMBER 1 Regional Co-operative Marketing Societies 3 3344 2 Agency Marketing Societeties 0 0 3 Co-operative Cold Storage 1 1243 4 Co-operative Sugar Factaries 1 631 5 Other 1 4699 F. OTHER: Sum Premium No.of Farmers covered Claim paid Beneficiaries Assured collected 1 Crop Insurance 90671 1908296 477 9306 90671 No. of Card Holders 2 Kisan Credit Card 190744 3 Kalinga Kisan Gold Crad NA

Table-58 Activities of Primary Agricultural Credit Co-Operative Societies in Diff.Blocks

202 No.of Working Loans Loans Loans out Sl.No. Year / Block Membership(No) Societies. Capital advance Overdue standing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Aska 19 17925 121013 147963 41215 81315 2 Beguniapada 14 12014 122881 103199 72405 87765 3 Bellaguntha 14 11746 351518 250830 83510 231015 4 Bhanjanagar 14 13159 171890 128898 86013 101215 5 Buguda 18 10971 179963 176996 89512 1013361 6 Chikiti 15 14530 272163 194140 15261 43846 7 Chatrapur 19 9876 75452 160716 29984 52901 8 Digapahandi 22 15668 285315 237026 19029 30428 9 Dharakote 23 14542 179048 175506 21315 129995 10 Ganjam 20 11889 108755 110607 38075 80456 11 Hinjilicut 18 11889 160033 197718 54023 118898 12 Jagannathprasad 15 13843 237075 197406 17879 170899 13 Kabisuryanagar 20 10263 50530 72785 16539 39290 14 Khallikote 21 9651 102417 118431 51946 80369 15 Kukudakhandi 20 19614 364715 211286 51034 65754 16 Patrapur 17 15854 16927 214782 17903 37120 17 Polasara 16 13508 65626 139067 8745 50437 18 Purusottampur 20 12811 152127 152092 40585 102647 19 Rangeilunda 24 17462 332642 265728 27845 146263 20 Sanakhemundi 18 13580 196253 195154 8776 103537 21 Seragada 15 13384 237515 212128 27280 164073 22 Sorada 17 16292 171291 148456 20141 120552 Table-59 Activities of Primary Non Agricultural Credit Co-Operative Societies In Different

203 Membership Working Loans Loans Loans Sl.No Year / Block/ULB No. of Societies (No) Capital Advanced Overdue Outstanding 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Aska 4 706 20827 0 12 0 2 Beguniapada 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Bellaguntha 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Bhanjanagar 1 62 205 0 0 0 5 Buguda 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Chikiti 1 127 1375 285 285 285 7 Chatrapur 5 1326 1193 200 153 295 8 Digapahandi 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 Dharakote 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 Ganjam 1 589 932 136 256 650 11 Hinjilicut 1 51 1 0 0 0 12 Jagannathprasad 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 Kabisuryanagar 1 53 1 0 0 0 14 Khallikote 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 Kukudakhandi 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 Patrapur 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 Polasara 3 239 112 0 0 14 18 Purusottampur 1 560 1886 0 833 833 19 Rangeilunda 1 249 17652 13753 300 13753 20 Sanakhemundi 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 Seragada 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 Sorada 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table-60 Activities of Primary Non-agricultural Credit Co-Operative Societies in Diff.Urban Areas No. of Membership Working Loans Loans Loans Sl.No Year / Block/ULB Societies (No) Capital Advanced Overdue Outstanding 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 ASKA(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 BELAGUNTHA(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 BERHAMPUR(M.CORP) 7 1762 24690 18210 140 18210 4 BHANJANAGAR(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 BUGUDA(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 CHHATRAPUR(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 CHIKITI(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 DIGAPAHANDI(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 GANJAM(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 GOPALPUR(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 HINJILICUT(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 KABISURYANAGAR(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 KHALLIKOTE(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 KODALA(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 POLOSARA(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 PURUSOTTAMPUR(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 RAMBHA(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 SORADA(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table- 61 Marketing Co-Operative Societies in Different Blocks.

204 No. of Membership Share Capital Working Business Profit(+) or Sl.No Year / Block/ULB Societies (No) by Govt. Capital Turnover Loss(-) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Aska 1 276 1235 14947 10945 1504 2 Beguniapada 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Bellaguntha 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Bhanjanagar 1 2327 1156 26113 0 262 5 Buguda 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Chikiti 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Chhatrapur 1 835 364 1629 0 0.02 8 Digapahandi 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 Dharakote 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 Ganjam 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 Hinjilicut 1 92 100 351 0 0.06 12 Jagannathprasad 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 Kabisuryanagar 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 Khallikote 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 Kukudakhandi 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 Patrapur 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 Polasara 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 Purusottampur 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 Rangeilunda 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 Sanakhemundi 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 Seragada 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 Sorada 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table-62 Marketing Co-Operative Societies in Different Urban Areas.

205 No. of Membership Working Loans Loans Loans Sl.No Year / Block/ULB Societies (No) Capital Advanced Overdue Outstanding

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 ASKA(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 BELAGUNTHA(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 BERHAMPUR(M.CORP) 1 11890 1231570 7291252 2653125 (+)179233 4 BHANJANAGAR(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 BUGUDA(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 CHHATRAPUR(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 CHIKITI(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 DIGAPAHANDI(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 GANJAM(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 GOPALPUR(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 HINJILICUT(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 KABISURYANAGAR(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 KHALLIKOTE(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 KODALA(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 POLOSARA(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 PURUSOTTAMPUR(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 RAMBHA(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 SORADA(NAC) 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table-63 Number of Educational Instition Of Ganjam District 2014-15

206 Block and Urban Area wise Number Of School In Ganjam District Upper Primary Secondary Total No. Of Sl No. Name of Block/ULB Primary School School School School 1 Aska 147 64 29 240 2 Beguniapada 131 52 20 203 3 Bellaguntha 121 51 17 189 4 Bhanjanagar 186 63 19 268 5 Buguda 123 50 19 192 6 Chhatrapur 128 55 17 200 7 Chikiti 141 39 12 192 8 Dharakote 172 49 14 235 9 Digapahandi 192 82 28 302 10 Ganjam 111 49 15 175 11 Hinjilicut 86 36 18 140 12 Jagannathprasad 192 61 26 279 13 Kabisuryanagar 106 52 17 175 14 Khallikote 189 72 22 283 15 Kukudakhandi 148 57 20 225 16 Patrapur 192 59 22 273 17 Polasara 128 49 22 199 18 Purusottampur 125 47 21 193 19 Rangeilunda 138 49 20 207 20 Sanakhemundi 164 70 21 255 21 Seragad 135 50 15 200 22 Sorada 191 53 15 259 Total 3246 1209 429 4884

Urban Local Bodies

23 Aska 21 6 6 33 24 Belaguntha 10 4 3 17 25 Berhampur 138 48 42 228 26 Bhanjanagar 16 4 4 24 27 Buguda 13 6 3 22 28 Chhatrapur 19 7 7 33 29 Chikiti 10 3 4 17 30 Digapahandi 11 3 2 16 31 Ganjam 10 6 3 19 32 Gopalpur 5 3 2 10 33 Hinjili 13 0 4 17 34 Kabisuryanagar 15 2 5 22 35 Khalikote 12 3 5 20 36 Kodala 10 2 3 15 37 Polasara 17 4 3 24 38 Purusottampur 10 3 0 13 39 Rambha 11 4 2 17 40 Sorada 11 3 3 17 Total 352 111 101 564 207 Ganjam Ditrict 3598 1320 530 5448 Table-64 Accesibility of Primary Schools in Ganjam District-2008-2009 Primary School Upper Primary School

Total No. Of No.Of Habitations No.of Habitations Sl.No. Name Of Block No. of Habitation No. of Habitations Habitations without Having UPS covered by Primary without ups Facility PrimarySchools/EG Facility in 3 km School(with in 1km) in 3 km Area S(within 1km)) Area

1 Aska 143 139 4 60 1 2 Beguniapada 210 204 6 44 0 3 Bellaguntha 131 120 11 47 2 4 Bhanjanagar 273 247 26 54 6 5 Buguda 135 123 12 43 22 6 Chhatrapur 147 142 5 49 0 7 Chikiti 155 150 5 37 0 8 Dharakote 231 211 10 41 34 9 Digapahandi 261 252 9 74 0 10 Ganjam 144 144 0 44 3 11 Hinjilicut 65 65 0 35 0 12 Jagannathprasad 273 190 83 54 91 13 Kabisuryanagar 82 81 1 47 1 14 Khallikote 267 267 0 66 0 15 Kukudakhandi 144 140 4 52 0 16 Patrapur 399 383 16 55 0 17 Polasara 135 109 26 44 25 18 Purusottampur 122 119 3 44 0 19 Rangeilunda 116 115 1 47 0 20 Sanakhemundi 178 149 29 59 36 21 Seragad 114 110 4 46 6 22 Sorada 379 258 121 42 152 Total 4104 3718 386 1084 379

Table-65 Number Secondary Schools of Ganjam District in Different Blocks -2007

208 No.of Sl No. Name of Block Boys Girls Total SC ST Secondary Schools 1 Aska 2555 2042 4597 629 9 28 2 Beguniapada 1530 1174 2704 217 20 19 3 Bellaguntha 1757 1585 3342 244 15 18 4 Bhanjanagar 1739 1428 3167 415 123 20 5 Buguda 1774 1331 3105 372 10 19 6 Chhatrapur 1850 1385 3235 702 6 15 7 Chikiti 1216 784 2000 422 59 12 8 Dharakote 1055 926 1881 154 0 14 9 Digapahandi 2465 1364 3829 361 193 28 10 Ganjam 1453 692 2145 448 341 16 11 Hinjilicut 1914 1509 3423 381 4 17 12 Jagannathprasad 2129 1412 3541 453 162 27 13 Kabisuryanagar 1890 1220 3110 278 17 17 14 Khallikote 2003 1021 3024 459 8 21 15 Kukudakhandi 2095 1477 3572 389 73 19 16 Patrapur 1764 971 2735 376 110 19 17 Polasara 1668 1660 3328 344 69 21 18 Purusottampur 2185 1561 3746 688 6 20 19 Rangeilunda 2894 1741 4635 591 47 22 20 Sanakhemundi 2289 1714 4003 240 117 21 21 Seragad 1455 964 2419 240 5 15 22 Sorada 1273 685 1958 262 91 15 Total 40953 28546 69499 8665 1485 423 Table-66 Number Secondary Schools of Ganjam District in Different Urban Areas -2007

209 No.of Sl No. Name of ULB Boys Girls Total SC ST Secondary Schools 1 Aska 870 777 1647 160 13 5 2 Belaguntha 350 497 847 48 25 2 3 Berhampur 7069 6322 13391 1000 110 31 4 Bhanjanagar 823 771 1594 228 26 4 5 Buguda 627 521 1148 101 11 3 6 Chhatrapur 986 1102 2088 275 38 4 7 Chikiti 455 339 794 95 18 3 8 Digapahandi 494 447 941 79 3 2 9 Ganjam 436 307 743 152 11 2 10 Gopalpur 118 124 242 38 0 2 11 Hinjili 937 836 1773 243 2 4 12 Kabisuryanagar 876 758 1634 108 13 4 13 Khalikote 495 326 821 43 5 4 14 Kodala 294 433 727 63 2 2 15 Polasara 610 595 1205 111 11 3 16 Purusottampur 531 581 1112 271 0 2 17 Rambha 381 235 616 250 17 2 18 Sorada 655 467 1122 168 18 3 Total 17007 15438 32445 3433 323 82

Table-67 Colleges of Ganjam District -2007 Block/ULB/District General Women Total Blocks 43 1 44 ULBS 28 11 39 District 71 12 83 Table-68 Colleges of Ganjam District in Different Blocks -2007

210 Sl No. Name Of Block Boy (percentage) Girlspercentage) SC (percentage) ST(percentage) Student-college Ratio Gender Parity Index

1 Aska 73 27 6.37 2.95 526 0.37 2 Beguniapada 69 31 12.95 3.57 112 0.45 3 Bellaguntha 70 30 5.31 0.55 427 0.43 4 Bhanjanagar 60 40 8.99 2.57 234 0.66 5 Buguda 59 41 7.16 0 217 0.7 6 Chhatrapur 61 39 10.42 0.95 264 0.65 7 Chikiti 70 30 6.72 1.95 231 0.43 8 Dharakote 75 25 7.43 0.53 189 0.33 9 Digapahandi 74 26 9.14 5.93 203 0.35 10 Ganjam 73 27 13.1 0.12 277 0.38 11 Hinjilicut 61 39 16.08 0.96 314 0.64 12 Jagannathprasad 67 33 6.32 0.22 459 0.5 13 Kabisuryanagar 63 37 2.44 0.61 164 0.59 14 Khallikote 56 44 12.57 0.57 350 0.78 15 Kukudakhandi 69 31 9.37 1.32 171 0.45 16 Patrapur 65 35 7.92 5.07 269 0.55 17 Polasara 75 25 8.21 0 268 0.34 18 Purusottampur 67 33 11.67 0.83 120 0.5 19 Rangeilunda 77 23 7.98 1.33 451 0.29 20 Sanakhemundi 65 35 4.2 0.25 294 0.55 21 Seragad 49 51 7.37 2.63 95 1.02 22 Sorada N/A NA N/A N/A N/A N/A Total 68 32 8.28 1.58 272 0.48

Table-69 Colleges of Ganjam District In Different Urban Areas -2007

211 Student- Gender Parity Sl No. Name Of Block Boy(%) Girls(%) SC(%) ST(%) college Ratio Index 1 Aska 73 27 6.37 2.95 526 0.37 2 Beguniapada 69 31 12.95 3.57 112 0.45 3 Bellaguntha 70 30 5.31 0.55 427 0.43 4 Bhanjanagar 60 40 8.99 2.57 234 0.66 5 Buguda 59 41 7.16 0 217 0.7 6 Chhatrapur 61 39 10.42 0.95 264 0.65 7 Chikiti 70 30 6.72 1.95 231 0.43 8 Dharakote 75 25 7.43 0.53 189 0.33 9 Digapahandi 74 26 9.14 5.93 203 0.35 10 Ganjam 73 27 13.1 0.12 277 0.38 11 Hinjilicut 61 39 16.08 0.96 314 0.64 12 Jagannathprasad 67 33 6.32 0.22 459 0.5 13 Kabisuryanagar 63 37 2.44 0.61 164 0.59 14 Khallikote 56 44 12.57 0.57 350 0.78 15 Kukudakhandi 69 31 9.37 1.32 171 0.45 16 Patrapur 65 35 7.92 5.07 269 0.55 17 Polasara 75 25 8.21 0 268 0.34 18 Purusottampur 67 33 11.67 0.83 120 0.5 19 Rangeilunda 77 23 7.98 1.33 451 0.29 20 Sanakhemundi 65 35 4.2 0.25 294 0.55 21 Seragad 49 51 7.37 2.63 95 1.02 22 Sorada N/A NA N/A N/A N/A N/A Total 68 32 8.28 1.58 272 0.48 Table-70 Block Wise Distribution of Public Health Institution In Ganjam District-2012

212 Sl. No. Name of Block MCH CHC PHC HSC FTD ASHA 1 Aska 1 2 3 23 100 132 2 Beguniapada 0 2 2 22 122 119 3 Belaguntha 0 2 3 20 64 122 4 Bhanjanagar 1 1 4 21 111 127 5 Buguda 0 1 4 19 100 115 6 Chhatrapur 1 1 3 20 100 139 7 Chikiti 0 2 5 17 100 112 8 Dharakote 0 1 4 17 100 103 9 Digapahandi 0 2 6 27 100 162 10 Ganjam 1 1 5 15 80 91 11 Hinjilicut 0 2 3 19 50 121 12 Jagannathprasad 0 1 4 23 100 114 13 Kabisuryanagar 0 1 2 17 90 127 14 Khallikote 0 1 4 24 51 141 15 Kukudakhandi 0 1 3 20 100 125 16 Patrapur 0 1 7 23 119 116 17 Polasara 0 1 4 22 137 139 18 Purasottampur 1 2 4 25 50 137 19 Rangailunda 0 1 4 21 109 141 20 Sanakhemundi 0 1 6 25 113 149 21 Seragada 0 1 5 19 120 120 22 Sorada 1 2 5 21 103 126 Ganjam District 6 30 90 460 2119 2778 Table-71 Block Wise Health Care Resource In Ganjam District-2007

213 Allopathic Homeopathic Ayurvedic

No.of No. of No. of No. of No. of Beds No. of Doctors No. of No.of Sl. Homeo. No.of Beds Name of Block Doctors Nurses per per Doctors per Nurses per Distributor No. Assts. per 10000 per 1 lakh 1 lakh 10000 per 1lakh 1lakh 1lakh s per 1lakh 1lakh Population Population Population Populati Population Populati Population Population Population on on

1 Aska 4.8 2.13 3.52 0.53 0.53 1.6 0 2.13 0 2 Beguniapada 5.74 1.44 2.58 1.44 1.44 1.44 0 0.72 0 3 Belaguntha 7.14 1.59 3.65 0 0.79 2.38 0 2.38 0 4 Bhanjanagar 13.88 3.79 7.32 1.89 0.63 1.26 0 1.26 0 5 Buguda 4.46 1.49 1.63 0.74 0.74 0 0 0.74 0 6 Chhatrapur 11.12 3.71 5.68 0.62 0 1.24 0 1.24 0 7 Chikiti 9.79 1.78 4.09 1.78 0.89 0.89 0 0.89 0 8 Dharakote 5.29 1.76 1.41 0.88 0.88 0.88 0 0.88 0 9 Digapahandi 6.65 1.21 1.33 0.6 0.6 1.81 0 1.81 0 10 Ganjam 5.14 1.71 1.03 0.86 0.86 1.71 0 1.71 0 11 Hinjilicut 4.91 1.4 1.12 1.4 0.7 1.4 0 1.4 0 12 Jagannathpra 4.61 1.54 1.23 0.77 0.77 2.31 0 1.54 0 sad 13 Kabisuryanag 3.74 1.49 1.2 1.49 1.49 1.49 0 1.49 0 ar 14 Khallikote 5.47 1.22 1.82 0.61 0.61 1.22 0 0.61 0 15 Kukudakhandi 3.43 0.69 0.82 0.69 0.69 3.43 2.75 1.37 6.87 16 Patrapur 8.31 1.51 2.72 2.27 0.76 0.76 0 1.51 0 17 Polasara 6.55 1.31 0.52 1.97 3.93 2.62 0 1.97 0 18 Purasottampu 4.96 1.24 1.61 0.62 0.62 1.24 0 0.62 0 r 19 Rangailunda 3.67 1.22 0.73 1.22 1.22 1.22 0 1.22 0 20 Sanakhemundi 6.64 1.21 0.72 0.6 0.6 1.81 0 1.21 0 21 Seragada 4.57 1.52 1.98 1.52 1.52 0 0 0 0 22 Sorada 7.66 1.28 2.55 1.28 1.28 0.64 0 1.28 0 Ganjam District 6.32 1.66 2.27 1.06 0.97 1.44 0.13 1.28 0.31

Table-72 Block Wise Health Care Services Accessibilityin Rural Areas of Ganjam District- 2007

214 Sl. Percent Distribution of villages by Distance from Health Center Name of PHC No. of Villages No. < 5 km 5-10 km >10 km 1 Aska 135 20.74 37.04 42.22 2 Badagada 239 22.18 29.71 48.12 3 Bhanjanagar 130 1.54 12.31 86.15 4 Berhampur Sadar 46 19.57 60.87 19.57 5 Buguda 138 15.22 46.38 38.41 6 Chhatrapur 92 7.61 18.48 73.91 7 Digapahandi 144 8.33 29.86 61.81 8 Gangapur 129 17.05 41.09 41.86 9 Golanthara 85 24.71 37.65 37.65 10 Gopalpur 27 0 18.52 81.48 11 Hinjilicut 60 16.67 18.33 65 12 Jarada 194 15.98 25.26 58.76 13 Kabisuryanagar 118 26.27 54.24 19.49 14 Khallikote 131 23.66 38.17 38.17 15 Kodala 217 28.57 30.41 41.01 16 Nuagano 174 13.22 24.71 62.07 17 Patrapur 185 14.59 27.57 57.84 18 Purusottamapur 98 18.37 33.67 47.96 19 Ramagiri(P) 98 3.06 0 96.94 20 Rambha 85 30.59 47.06 22.35 21 Sorada 103 9.71 9.71 80.58 22 Tarasingi 103 6.8 13.59 79.61 Ganjam District 2731 344.44 654.63 1200.96

Table-73 Block Wise Percentage of House Hold with Safe Drinking Water and Latrine in Ganjam District – 2012

215 Safe Drinking Sl. No. Name of Block Latrine Facility Water 1 Aska 78.75 31.25 2 Beguniapada 71.25 13.75 3 Belaguntha 70 23.75 4 Bhanjanagar 90 13.75 5 Buguda 66.25 18.75 6 Chhatrapur 80 22.5 7 Chikiti 87.5 28.33 8 Dharakote 91.25 20 9 Digapahandi 82.5 17.5 10 Ganjam 88.33 20.83 11 Hinjilicut 93.75 37.5 12 Jagannathprasad 93.75 30 13 Kabisuryanagar 93.75 37.5 14 Khallikote 73.75 23.75 15 Kukudakhandi 68.33 31.67 16 Patrapur 92.5 12.5 17 Polasara 68.75 17.5 18 Purasottampur 75 10 19 Rangailunda 76.25 33.75 20 Sanakhemundi 86.25 16.25 21 Seragada 90 36.25 22 Sorada 78.75 22.5 TOTAL 81.88 23.49 Safe Drinking Name of ULB Latrine Facility Water 23 Aska 77.5 55 24 Berhampur 91.67 49.17 25 Chhatrapur 85 50 26 Ganjam 92.5 60 27 Hinjilicut 97.5 50 28 Kabisuryanagar 87.5 62.5 29 Sorada 95 57.5 30 Total 90 53.61 31 Ganjam District 83.16 28.25

Table-74 Division-Wise Consumption of Elctricity in Ganjam District 2013-14

216 Sl. No. Category of Consumers / division Berhampur(I) Berhampur(II) Berhampur(III) Ganjam North 1 2 3 4 5 6 Domestic: A) Urban 71.6 67.483 35.808 48.62 1 B)Rural 0.49 0.218 0.012 0 2 Kutir Jyoti 0.291 0.033 0.996 2.89 Commercial: A)Urban 10.907 11.455 3.459 4.959 3 B)Rural 0 0 0 0 4 Commercial(Over 10 KW) 9.34 6.342 2.332 3.926 5 Small Industries 0.454 1 0.576 0.959 6 Medium Industries 1.809 2.751 4.894 2.303 Irrigation A)O.L.I.C. 0 0 0.006 0.898 7 B) Private 0.612 0 0.648 1.72 8 Public Lighting 1.837 2.407 0.125 0.924 9 Public Water Works(below 100 K.W) 1.92 0.435 0.716 1.579 10 Public Institution (below 100 K.W) 4.07 0.855 0.972 0.699 11 Other 0 0 0 0 L.T (Total) 103.33 92.979 50.544 69.477 1 Large Industries (below 132 K.V.) 1.428 0.572 7.133 0.018 2 Mini Steel Plant 0 0 0 0 3 General Purpose 11.605 1.702 0.047 0.505 4 Bulk-Supply Domestic 1.115 0 0 0.475 5 Public Water Works (above 100 K.W) 0.245 0.27 0.954 4.822 6 Public Institution (above 100 K.W) 3.354 0 3.074 0 H.T (Total) 17.747 2.544 11.208 5.82 1 Heavy Industries 0 0 0 0 2 Power Intensive Industries 0 0 0 127.011 3 Railway traction 34.681 0 0 33.472 4 Large Industries (at 132 KV) 0 0 0 34.921 E.H.T (Total) 34.681 0 0 195.404 GRAND TOTAL: 155.758 95.523 61.752 270.701

Table-74(A) Division-Wise Consumption of Elctricity in Ganjam District 2013-14(continue)

217 Sl. No. Category of Consumers / Division Digapahandi Aska(I) Aska(II) Bhanjanagar Purusotampur Domestic: a)Urban 61.97 41.905 25.591 48.82 38.735 1 b)Rural 0 0 0 0 0 2 Kutir Jyoti 3.253 0.151 0.73 4.53 1.781 Commercial: A)Urban 4.705 3.592 1.912 6.031 2.696 3 B)Rural 0 0 0 0 0 4 Commercial(Over 10 KW) 1.798 2.952 1.078 1.859 2.171 5 Small Industries 1.373 1.482 0.589 0.772 1.038 6 Medium Industries 2.948 2.921 1.09 1.666 2.023 Irrigation A)O.L.I.C. 1.831 1.877 0.128 0.461 1.886 7 B) Private 1.759 1.362 0.174 0.415 1.625 8 Public Lighting 0.697 0.67 0.37 0.554 0.506 9 Public Water Works(below 100 K.W) 1.502 1.47 0.929 1.68 0.992 10 Public Institution (below 100 K.W) 0.749 0.582 0.202 0.702 0.338 11 Other 0 0 0 0 0 L.T (Total) 82.585 58.964 32.793 67.497 53.791 1 Large Industries (below 132 K.V.) 2.662 1.513 0 0.583 0 2 Mini Steel Plant 0 0 0 0 0 3 General Purpose 0 0 0 0 0 4 Bulk-Supply Domestic 0 0.629 0 0 0 5 Public Water Works (above 100 K.W) 0 0 0 0 0 6 Public Institution (above 100 K.W) 0.222 0 0 0 H.T (Total) 2.884 2.142 0 0.583 0 1 Heavy Industries 0 0 0 0 0 2 Power Intensive Industries 0 0 0 0 0 3 Railway traction 0 0 0 0 0 4 Large Industries (at 132 KV) 0 0 0 0 0 E.H.T (Total) 0 0 0 0 0 GRAND TOTAL: 85.469 61.106 32.793 68.08 53.791

Table-75 Postal Net -Working in Different Block area of Ganjam District

218 No. of Post Office No. of Post Office Having

Sl. No. Block / ULB Instant Money Head Post Sub Post Branch Post Speed Post Total order Office Office Office Service Service(IMO) 1 Aska 0 11 42 55 13 2 2 Belaguntha 0 2 9 11 2 1 3 Bhanjanagar 0 13 50 64 14 3 4 Buguda 0 3 32 35 3 2 5 Chhatrapur 0 1 14 15 1 1 6 Chikiti 0 0 12 12 0 0 7 Dharakote 0 2 12 14 2 2 8 Digapahandi 0 3 25 28 3 3 9 Ganjam 0 3 22 25 3 3 10 Hinjilicut 0 4 22 26 4 3 11 Jagannathprasad 0 2 28 30 2 2 12 Kabisuryanagar 0 3 15 17 2 1 13 Khallikote 0 1 22 23 1 1 14 Kodala(Beguniapada) 0 2 26 28 2 2 15 Kukudakhandi 0 2 21 23 2 2 16 Patrapur 0 8 53 61 8 8 17 Polasara 0 0 25 25 0 0 18 Purasottampur 0 4 39 43 4 4 19 Rangailunda 0 4 44 48 4 4 20 Sanakhemundi 0 1 7 8 1 1 21 Seragada 0 1 12 13 1 1 22 Sorada 0 3 31 34 3 2

Table-76 Postal Net -Working in Different Urban area of Ganjam District

219 No. of Post Office No. of Post Office Having Instant Money Sl. No. Block / ULB Head Post Sub Post Branch Post Speed Post Total order Office Office Office Service Service(IMO) 1 Aska(NAC) 1 5 0 6 6 1 2 Belaguntha(NAC) 0 2 0 2 2 1 3 Berhampur(NAC) 1 25 0 26 26 26 4 Bhanjanagar(NAC) 1 4 0 5 5 1 5 Buguda(NAC) 0 1 1 2 1 1 6 Chhatrapur(NAC) 1 2 0 3 3 3 7 Chikiti(NAC) 0 1 0 1 1 1 8 Digapahandi(NAC) 0 2 0 2 2 2 9 Ganjam(NAC) 0 1 0 1 1 1 10 Gopalpur(NAC) 0 1 0 1 1 1 11 Hinjilicut(NAC) 0 2 0 2 2 1 12 Kabisuryanagar(NAC) 0 3 0 3 3 1 13 Khallikote(NAC) 0 1 0 1 1 1 14 Kodala(NAC) 0 2 1 3 2 2 15 Polasara(NAC) 0 1 0 1 1 1 16 Purusottampur(NAC) 0 1 1 2 1 1 17 Rambha(NAC) 0 2 0 2 2 2 18 Sorada(NAC) 0 1 1 2 1 1 Table-77 Telecommunation Service in different Block & Urban area of Ganjam District Sl. No. Block / ULB No. of fixed Land line No. of PCOs No. of Mobile Users No. of Broad band connecation 1 Aska 99 0 NA 14 2 Belaguntha 383 5 NA 53 3 Bhanjanagar 297 3 NA 37 4 Buguda 231 1 NA 34 5 Chhatrapur 560 7 NA 161 6 Chikiti 336 10 NA 54 7 Dharakote 177 1 NA 29 8 Digapahandi 220 1 NA 26 9 Ganjam 98 1 NA 15 10 Hinjilicut 210 3 NA 16 11 Jagannathprasad 416 5 NA 68 12 Kabisuryanagar 111 1 NA 9 13 Khallikote 248 5 NA 34 14 Kodala(Beguniapada) 388 2 NA 64 15 Kukudakhandi 271 2 NA 61 16 Patrapur 633 10 NA 83 17 Polasara 163 1 NA 13 18 Purasottampur 267 5 NA 34 19 Rangailunda 223 3 NA 65 20 Sanakhemundi 265 3 NA 60 21 Seragada 273 0 NA 41 22 Sorada 188 1 NA 23

220

Table-78 Facts of Chilika Lake Sl. No. Name 1 Location: Lat 19°28'-19°54'North Boundaries: East Bay of Bengal West: Rocky hills of Eastern Ghats 2 North: Alluvial plain of Mahanadi Delta Souh: Rocky hills of Eastern Ghats 3 State: Orissa 4 District: Puri, Khurda & Ganjam 5 Shape: Pear shaped Lenght: Max length-64.30 kms 6 Breadth Max breadth-18.00 kms 7 Water Spread area: Maximum-1165 km 2 Minimum-906 km2 Spit(Sand bar): Length-60 kms 8 Width-0.6 kms to 2.0 kms 9 No. of river and rivulets draining into the lake: 52 Nos 10 Total area of islands: 223 km2 11 Lake mouth: one (near village sipakuda) Major Ecological division: (i) Northem Sector (ii) Central Sector 12 (iii) Southem Sector (iv) Outer Channel 13 Depth: 0.38-6.2 14 Catchment area: 3560 km2 15 Fishermen families: 12,363 16 Fishermen village: 132 17 Total No. of Primary Cooperative Societies(Fish): 66 18 No. of Jetty: 19 19 Bird Population in Winter: about one milion 20 Birds Species: 225

221 Table-79 Occurance of Different Type of Natural Calamities from 2012 to 2014 in Ganjam District No. of Human being Value of No of House / Estimated No of Animal Properties lost / Calamities Year Institution Value of crop lost Damaged (Rs. In Lost Injured Damaged loss lakh)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2012 0 0 14 596 0 4550000 Flood 2013 1 0 3713 179205 75262 242022.53 2014 0 0 0 0 0 0 2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cyclone 2013 0 0 14651 205510 43177.67 343203.87 2014 0 0 0 0 0 0 2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 Heavy Rain 2013 0 0 0 0 0 0 2014 0 0 0 0 0 0 2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lighting / 2013 0 0 110 0 0 0 Thunder 2014 0 0 0 0 0 0 2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 Drought 2013 0 0 0 0 0 0 2014 0 0 0 0 0 0 2012 0 1 2 1429 0 25004800 Other(Fire) 2013 0 0 0 1132 0 43.68 2014 0 0 0 1094 0 162.14 2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sun Stroke 2013 0 0 0 0 0 0 2014 0 0 0 0 0 0 Table-80 Blockwise Production of Paddy ganjam 2012-13 2013-14(supercyclon) 2014-15 2015-16 Drought year 2016-17 Sl.No. Block Name Kharif Rabi Total Kharif Rabi Total Kharif Rabi Total Kharif Rabi Total Kharif Rabi Total 1 PATRAPUR 23245 34 23279 5402 0 5402 41051 0 41051 27070 0 27070 50577 0 50577 2 CHIKITI 30723 35 30758 6344 0 6344 42973 0 42973 26157 0 26157 41777 0 41777 3 RANGEILUNDA 38701 221 38922 4187 890.54 5077.54 38069 532.35 38601.35 21255 0 21255 43378 215 43593 4 KUKUDAKHANDI 29819 27 29846 5678 0 5678 45717 31.4 45748.4 34215 0 34215 48176 0 48176 5 SANAKHEMUNDI 32278 34 32312 5585 0 5585 51317 68.42 51385.42 27103 0 27103 48878 0 48878 6 DIGAPAHANDI 43796 90 43886 8159 0 8159 55343 167.6 55510.6 52827 0 52827 67338 0 67338 7 CHATRAPUR 39939 105 40044 2202 81.13 2283.13 32793 0 32793 34221 45.67 34266.67 42968 15 42983 8 GANJAM 7780 70 7850 2630 93.63 2723.63 22502 70.34 22572.34 12898 3.68 12901.68 26190 0 26190 9 HINJILICUT 34600 10 34610 5100 0 5100 40349 0 40349 40373 18.83 40391.83 51370 0 51370 10 P.S.PUR 36859 27 36886 7417 0 7417 53179 19 53198 42958 0 42958 61192 0 61192 11 KHALLIKOTE 31901 77 31978 5912 381.75 6293.75 44069 326.5 44395.5 35106 356.5 35462.5 40233 79 40312 12 BEGUNIPADA 36536 139 36675 8489 274.92 8763.92 35381 168.95 35549.95 30758 0 30758 47917 75 47992 13 K.S.NAGAR 21164 0 21164 6265 0 6265 37830 0 37830 23377 0 23377 39402 0 39402 14 POLOSARA 32744 41 32785 5041 395.25 5436.25 32243 169.35 32412.35 26482 0 26482 36421 71 36492 15 ASKA 18940 0 18940 1935 0 1935 36219 0 36219 26209 0 26209 39305 0 39305 16 SHERAGADA 32397 0 32397 4466 0 4466 38822 0 38822 29011 0 29011 41548 0 41548 17 DHARAKOTE 9200 0 9200 3392 0 3392 26446 6.99 26452.99 23938 0 23938 26410 0 26410 18 SORODA 24331 34 24365 11810 1545.16 13355.16 32200 1378.65 33578.65 32790 175.6 32965.6 32815 3.59 32818.59 19 BHANJANAGAR 35394 0 35394 5845 0 5845 51671 0 51671 24580 0 24580 40890 0 40890 20 BELAGUNTHA 30514 0 30514 5374 0 5374 47297 127.5 47424.5 23924 0 23924 27772 0 27772 21 J.N.PRASAD 28317 18 28335 8681 0 8681 52233 0 52233 9234 0 9234 38226 0 38226 22 BUGUDA 36282 7 36289 7458 0 7458 41372 0 41372 5909 0 5909 33472 0 33472 Total= 655460 969 656429 127372 3662.38 131034.38 899076 3067.05 902143.05 610395 600.28 610995.28 926255 458.59 926713.59 Table-81 Forest Division Timber and bamboo production and sales

222 Bamboo Production Bamboo Sales Forest division Name of Item 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 IB(in SU) 205.28 147.15 60.38 0 0 14.09 221.38 0 0 0 Berhampur C.B(in Pcs) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IB(in SU) 400.82 681.57 2475.15 2514.41 3998.44 1082.38 0 830.89 0 Bhanjanagar C.B(in Pcs) 200 1869 1000 119700 19825 2069 0 1000 0

Table-82 Blockwise Migration_data No.of Contract Sl.No. Name of Block No.of Worker Required or/Dada n Agent 1 Beguniapada 10 227 2 Khallikote 23 905 3 Purushottampur 1 20 4 Polosara 1 20 5 Ganjam 5 225 Total 40 1397 No.of Contrac Sl.No. Name of the block tor/Dad No.of Worker Required an Agent 1 Beguniapada 15 415 2 Khallikote 24 940 3 Purushottampur 3 90 4 Ganjam 7 255 Total 49 1700 No. of Contrac Sl.No. Name of the Block tor / No. of Worker Required Dadan Agent 1 Beguniapada 3 120 2 Khallikote 8 280 3 Purushottampur 3 65 4 Polosara 1 25 5 Ganjam 4 270 Total 19 760 Name of the Block Year 2016 Year 2017 Year 2018 Beguniapada 227 415 120 Khallikote 905 940 280 Purushottampur 20 90 65 Polosara 20 0 25 Ganjam 225 255 270

223

Table-83 Ganjam types of minerals Minerals In Ganjam District (Area in SqKm) An Ca Cb CHILIKA LAKE Czl Gn Ka Kb Kc Kd Ptqp Q Q2 SL.No Block Name Anorthoslte Acid Charnockite Basic Charnockite Chilka Lake Laterite Granetiferous Gneiss Quartz-garnet-sillmanateschist Quarzite Calc-silicate rock Kodurlte Quartzvein and Pegmatite Soil Cover Beach sand and sand dunes Total 1 Aska - 9.855507 - - - 16.890512 - - - - - 176.780643 - 203.5267 2 Beguniapada - 21.719478 - - 5.087459 30.860849 0.000039 0.045571 - - 217.928307 - 275.6417 3 Bellaguntha - 6.404036 0.266677 - - 6.486174 1.528635 - - 208.449702 - 223.1352 4 Bhanjanagar - 48.35508 6.344189 - - 603.744089 22.402738 0.216356 - - 59.572717 - 740.6352 5 Buguda - 38.535568 - - 19.874164 38.832942 - - 335.058326 - 432.301 6 Chhatrapur - 0.771014 - 0.23151 35.404406 1.938486 0.636046 - 0.113077 185.772503 15.176342 240.0434 7 Chikiti - 11.096849 - - 173.118964 4.97926 - 3.280678 66.853704 259.3295 8 Dharakote - 75.920311 1.632621 - - 176.788349 22.07163 1.85865 - 200.760836 479.0324 9 Digapahandi - 42.318911 - - 458.688782 10.111448 - 0.506271 511.6254 10 Ganjam 2.075504 - 7.556432 - 4.923654 30.191214 - 193.891269 238.6381 11 Hinjilicut - 0.739711 - - 22.22897 41.347486 1.38548 - 103.354065 169.0557 12 Jagannathprasad - 152.93563 1.215074 - - 403.39762 20.070089 - 239.821349 817.4398 13 Kabisuryanagar - 20.966779 0.242993 - - 10.265267 0.814248 1.437941 13.786803 - 120.770669 168.2847 14 Khallikote - 2.461471 66.932104 - 2.424576 57.604144 5.177295 12.099676 268.966314 415.6656 15 Kukudakhandi - 28.111477 - 0.898142 176.2246 14.007877 0.569284 75.090071 294.9015 16 Patrapur - 124.176656 - - 401.663072 20.317333 1.315325 547.4724 17 Polasara - 25.921175 0.114907 - - 26.784997 101.179645 247.130999 401.1317 18 Purusottampur - 20.705942 - - 31.330672 9.805259 3.952089 0.814389 186.79221 253.4006 19 Rangeilunda - 0.678098 - 0.858102 20.178519 1.832049 0.402371 0.495815 191.439245 45.833563 261.7178 20 Sanakhemundi - 64.521586 - - 263.2517 8.125806 2.311977 0.046606 0.555125 338.8128 21 Seragad - 20.449391 - - 80.160982 11.232704 81.12281 192.9659 22 Sorada - 108.947179 9.46072 - - 564.25015 100.872895 0.26895 0.818905 190.809764 975.4286 TOTAL 2.075504 825.591849 19.277181 74.488536 1.987754 3503.167678 550.126737 16.357828 29.423994 0.495815 1.981279 3287.347602 127.863609 8440.185 Table-84 Urban Housing status in Ganjam

224 Houses Katcha Semi Pucca Pucca Town Name Total Household No of Home Less HHs Total Houses Houses Houses Asika (NAC) 4239 1 4238 573 291 3374 Bellaguntha (NAC) 2283 0 2283 430 659 1194 Bhanjanagar (NAC) 4244 21 4223 647 786 2790 Brahmapur (MC) 64646 31 64615 3039 9604 51972 Buguda (NAC) 3179 0 3179 561 711 1907 Chhatrapur (NAC) 4631 0 4631 197 902 3532 Chikiti (NAC) 2375 0 2375 397 214 1764 Digapahandi (NAC) 2962 0 2962 558 367 2037 Ganjam (NAC) 2416 0 2416 505 903 1008 Gopalpur (NAC) 1344 1 1343 512 425 406 Hinjilicut (NAC) 5094 8 5086 713 759 3614 Kabisurjyanagar (NAC) 3704 0 3704 530 1198 1976 Khalikote (NAC) 2599 1 2598 692 1033 873 Kodala (NAC) 2763 0 2763 844 909 1010 Polasara (NAC) 5129 1 5128 1417 1007 2704 Purusottampur (NAC) 3383 0 3383 705 1266 1412 Rambha (NAC) 2373 0 2373 669 751 953 Surada (NAC) 3224 0 3224 923 870 1431 Total 120588 64 120524 13912 22655 83957

Table-85 Horticulture data in Ganjam

225 Horticultural and other Plantations (Perennial Crops) Name of the Type of Area in No. of farmers Sl. No. Name of the Sub-Division Name of the Block Scheme Plantation Hectares involved 1 Rangeilunda 4 6 2 Patrapur 4 6 3 Digapahandi 4.5 8 4 Chikiti 11 20 5 Berhmpur Sanakhemundi MIDH Cashew 1.5 3 Total 25 43 1 Ganjam 3.5 7 2 Purusottampur 8 7 3 Chatarpur 18 14 4 Khallikote 10 15 5 Beguniapada 10 14 6 Polosara 3 6 7 Chatrapur K.S.Nagar MIDH Cashew 4 4 Total 56.5 67 1 Bellaguntha 1 1 2 J.N.Prasad 12 17 3 Buguda 6 6 4 Bhanjanagar Sorada MIDH Cashew 13.2 6 Total 32.2 30 Grand Total 113.7 140

Name of the Type of Area in No. of farmers Sl. No. Name of the Sub-Division Name of the Block Scheme Plantation Hectares involved 1 Kukudakhandi 1 2 2 Rangeilunda 0 0 3 Patrapur 1.5 2 4 Digapahandi 3 2 5 Chikiti 3 5 6 Berhmpur Sanakhemundi MIDH Mango 1.5 4 Total 10 15 1 Purusottampur 1.6 2 2 Chatarpur 5 9 3 Beguniapada 3 5 4 Polosara 2 5 5 Chatrapur K.S.Nagar MIDH Mango 4 7 Total 15.6 28

1 Bhanjanagar 3 10 2 Bellaguntha 6 9 3 J.N.Prasad 6 42 4 Buguda 6 16 5 Aska 7 35 6 Sorada 6 21 7 Sheragada 10 22 8 Bhanjanagar Dharakote MIDH Mango 6 14 Total 50 169 Grand Total 75.6 212

Name of the Type of Area in No. of farmers Sl. No. Name of the Sub-Division Name of the Block Scheme Plantation Hectares involved 1 Rangeilunda 3.5 7 2 Berhmpur Chikiti MIDH K-Lime 0.5 1 Total 4 8 1 Bhanjanagar Sheragada MIDH K-Lime 5 16 Total 5 16 Grand Total 9 24

Name of the Type of Area in No. of farmers Sl. No. Name of the Sub-Division Name of the Block Scheme Plantation Hectares involved 1 Kukudakhandi 2.59 7 226 2 Rangeilunda 1 4 3 Digapahandi 3.33 15 4 Berhmpur Sanakhemundi MIDH Papaya 0.65 7 Total 7.57 33 1 Ganjam 7.35 12 2 Purusottampur 3.5 12 3 Hinjilicut 2.4 9 4 Chatarpur 0.25 1 5 Khallikote 1 2 6 Chatrapur Beguniapada MIDH Papaya 0.5 2 Total 15 38 1 Bhanjanagar 0.533 1 2 Bellaguntha 0.756 4 3 J.N.Prasad 0.222 1 4 Buguda 0.222 1 5 Bhanjanagar Aska MIDH Papaya 1.378 4 Total 3.111 11 Grand Total 25.681 82