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State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB]
Research conducted in 10 Counties in Kenya by: Maendeleo Ya Wanaume (MAWE) or Global Men Empowerment Network (GMEN)
R eport
Research Period April to January 2017 Published by Abroad Technology
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
Research Period April 2016 to January 2017
Copyright 2017 978-9966-060-91-4 This study or parts thereof may not be reproduced either through photocopy or stored or transmitted in anyway by any means, electronic, recording or otherwise in any form without prior permission from the source except as provided by the copyright Law.
Published by: Abroad Technology [Kenya] An affiliate of MAWE
Published Copies: 99 Page Report 500 copies
Published: March 2017
Research Title: State of the Nation Study on Violence against Men and Boys [VAMB] Conducted in 10 Counties in Kenya
Conducted by: Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization (MAWE) or Global Men Empowerment Network-GMEN NGO in Kenya registered under no. OP.218/051/14-0281/9756 P.O. Box 37077 ” 20200 Nairobi Hotline 0724 024 777 Donations to MAWE -MPESA 0724 024 777
Reservations: (This study was conducted by Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization (MAWE) or Global Men Empowerment Network-GMEN therefore, the matters contained in this report are not official version of the government)
Fieldwork, Technical and Financial Support: MAWE/GMEN ORGANIZATION AND VOLUNTEER MEMBERS
BOYCHILD FOUNDATION
Rule of privacy
The study has undertaken to protect the identity of individuals
mentioned as a matter of professionalism except where individuals
are known due to mass media or the wish of the survivor or victim.
This study does not wish to embarrass individuals by making their
private social problems public unless requested to do so.
Any similarities in context to cases which individuals wish to remain
secret are coincidental.
Office Main Address
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization (MAWE) Global Men Empowerment Network (GMEN) [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Head Quarters at- Githurai- C.E.O. Centre Ground Floor, SUITE 10 & 11. P.O. Box 37077 00100 Nairobi Office mobile numbers. 0722 764 995 or 0733 222 544 or 0724 024 777 Page | 1
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
3:1 Facts Sheet (1) Key Facts about men Contents 3:2 Facts Sheet (2) Key Facts about Boys 3:3 Facts Sheet (3)Other Key Facts about men and boys 3:4 Dropout rate in order of prevalence Organization details------1 3:5 Rapes and defilements in order of prevalence Preface ------2 3:6 Boda boda key facts Acknowledgement ------3 3:7Facts Sheet (4) Key Recommendations for the male gender Contents ------4 3:8 Facts Sheet (5) Key Recommendations for boys Acronyms and Abbreviations ------5 3:9 General findings on gender and domestic abuse against men 3:10 General findings on abuse and violence against boys:- 3:11 Proposed recommendations to the United Nations (UN) Chapter 1 3:12 Proposed recommendations to the Kenya Government Executive Summary ------8 3:13 Key Recommendations on Knowledge of Laws and Services
1:1 Background 1:2 Trend of gender events Chapter 4 1:3 Kenya Constitution 2000 Impact on Gender and Domestic Violence against 1:4 Gender segregation men and Boys------32 1:5 The research 4:1 Domestic Violence 1:6 Why focus on violence against men and boys 4:2 Overview and extent of violence against males in Kenya 1:7 Definition of gender violence 4:3 Male gender is under siege 1:8 Objectives of the study - Main objective 4:4 Male Genital Mutilation [MGM] 1:9 Specific objectives 4:5 Male Jigger menace in comparison with females 1:10 Methodology and scope of the research 4:6 Social exclusion 1:11 Survey instruments 4:7 Male potential gender and domestic abusers 1:12 Research implementers 4:8 Majority of men suffer because of culture aspects 1:13 Data sources, data collection and consent 4:9 Negative consequences of violence 1:14 Data management and analysis, 4:10 Assumption that male battering is justified 1:15 Qualitative data 4:11 Help is not often sought „ barriers exist 1:16 Characteristics/social profile of the study population 4:12 Reason of not seeking help 1:17 In-depth qualitative research 4:13 Men awareness 1:18 Ethical considerations 4:14 Knowledge among key stakeholders 1:19 Challenges 4:15 Some men are more at risk of violence 1:20 Limitations of the study 4:16 What are the consequences of such violence? 1:21 Geographical characteristics 4:17 What are the perceived causes of violence? 1:22 Mass media exposure 4:18 How do women respond to violence in comparison with men? 1:23 (a) Mass media exposure (N=2000) 4:19 Reporting conjugal rights abuse 1:24 Disability status 4:20 Men choose not to report due to many factors 1:25 Support from friends and organizations 4:21 Structural corruption against the male gender 1:26 Perception of justice 4:22 One-Male gender social/ economic empowerment 1:27 (b) Support and problem sharing (N=2000) discrimination.
4:23 Two-Perennial social and economic emasculation and Chapter 2 exploitation Social Cultural Dimensions------15 4:24 Three-Unequal gender educational, employment and legal 2:1 (c) Map of Kenya showing the location of the 10 selected Counties access 2:2 Nairobi County 1 4:25 Inter-marriages, ethnic and domestic abuse and violence 2:3 (d) Emotional Abuse -County in order of prevalence 4:26 Men, marriage and education 2:4 KIAMBU COUNTY 2 4:27 Premeditated homicide on the rise 2:5 MERU COUNTY 3 4:28 Premeditated homicide 2:6 (e) Economic and Physical Abuse -County in order of prevalence 4:29 Alcohol and drug abuse and gender violence 2:7 (f) Gender and Domestic Abuse (Emotional abuse frequency) 4:30 Marriage crisis 2:8 HOMA BAY COUNTY 4 4:31 Death threats on the rise 2:10 KILIFI COUNTY 5 4:32 Wealth and marriage (Economic Abuse) 2:11 MACHAKOS COUNTY 6 4:33 Growing odds in social and economic development of the males 2:12 NYERI COUNTY 7 4:34 (j) Major employment sectors demographics analysis 2:13 (h) Gender and Domestic Abuse (Combined forms of abuse) 4:35 Hidden crime and a global epidemic 2:14 NAKURU COUNTY 8 4:37 Masculinity under crisis 2:15 KISII COUNTY 9 4:38 Women more confident today 2:16 KAKAMEGA COUNTY 10 4:39 Characteristics of emotional abuse Chapter 3 4:40 Characteristics of economic abuse 4:41 Characteristics of physical abuse Facts Sheets, Key Facts and Recommendations--23 4:42 Inheritance matters are classified types of VAMB Page | 4
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
4:43 Foreigners too at risk of domestic violence and abuse 5:8 Some serialized comments from respondents in Nyeri County:- 4:44 Witchcraft and gender based violence 5:9 County 5 ” Meru 4:45 Gender violence in the workplace 5:10 Some serialized comments from respondents in Meru County:- 4:46 Legal and policy response to VAMB 5:11 County 6 ” Kisii 4:47 Men opting to stay single 5:12 Some serialized comments from respondents in Kisii County:- 4:48 Alimony crisis in the civil service 5:13 County 7 ” Nakuru 4:49 Introduction of a Dowry Bill (DB) 5:14 Some serialized comments from respondents in Nakuru County:- 4:50 Reproduction rights and conjugal rights 5:15 County 8 ” Machakos 4:51 Vasectomy a hidden agenda to castrate the male gender 5:16 Some serialized comments from respondents in Machakos 4:52 Confinement of men at homes County:- 4:53 Disparities in implementation of rights in prisons 5:17 County 9” Homa Bay 4:54 Unfair male jurisdiction 5:18 Some serialized comments from respondents in Homa Bay 4:55 Inheritance Policy Bill County:- 4:56 Gender Violence Elimination Fund (GVEF) 5:19 County 10 ” Kakamega 4:57 Gender and Cultural Studies (GCS) 5:20 Some serialized comments by respondents in Kakamega County:- 4:58 Introduction of Gender Courts GC 4:59 Duties of Gender Crisis Centre’s (GCC) Chapter 6 4:60 Roles of Gender Crisis Centre’s (GCC) 4:61 Reporting domestic abuses in the office of administration chief Violence against Boys------62 4:62 Prevalence of violence 6:1 Boy child neglect and discrimination 4:63 Experiences of emotional and sexual abuse 6:2 History of male child abuse 4:64 Economic abuse and discrimination 6:3 (i) Demographic overview of violence against the boy child 4:65 Selective gender (women) empowerment government loans 6:4 Dropout rate in order of prevalence 4:66 Extent of health problems 6:5 Rape and defilement rampant among boys 4:67 Barriers to accessing assistance 6:6 Definition of the word rape 4:68 Suggestions for tackling VAMB 6:7 Nairobi County1 4:69 Men’s Knowledge and attitudes 6:8 Nyeri County.2 4:70 Awareness of VAMB 6:9 Kilifi County 3 4:71 Perceived causes of violence 6:10 Meru County 4 4:72 Patriarchal norms 6:11 Machakos County 5 4:73 Lack of awareness on men’s rights 6:12 Nakuru, County 6 4:74 Alcohol consumption 6:13 Homa Bay County 7 4:75 Elderly men are more at risk of gender violence 6:14 Kisii County 8 4:76 Creation of a Senior Citizen Bill 6:15 Boda Boda Menace and the Male child 4:77 Gender violence and introduction of Marriage Contract (MC) 6:16 Kiambu County 9 4:78 Changing social norms and access to technology 6:17 Health, Physical and Sex Education (HPSE) 4:79 Knowledge of existing laws and policies 6:18 Kakamega County 10 4:80 Knowledge of support systems for GBV survivors, access barriers 6:19 Circumcision and the boy child 4:81 VAMB and GBV prevention and protection in the community 6:20 Abandoned Children Bill (ACB) 4:82 Factors associated with knowledge of the laws on GBV and rights 6:21 Proposed programs will be structured in various categories i.e. 4:83 Attitudes towards male battery and sexual violence 6:22 Financial structure and Action plan 4:84 Characteristics of abusive women 6:23 Quota system of education 4:85 Superiority complex 4:86 Alcohol and drug abuse. Chapter 7 4:87 Borderline Personality Disorder Focus Group Discussion------73 4:88 Verbal abuse 7:1 Study limitations 4:89 Infectious insults 7:2 The policy and program response 4:90 Denial of conjugal rights 7:3 Community Level - Raise awareness of GBV 4:91 Controlling behavior 7:4 Develop innovative mechanisms for increasing policy 4:92 Cruelty to children accountability 4:93 Premenstrual syndrome 7:5 Address potential drivers of GBV 7:6 Improve official awareness and accountability Chapter 5 7:7 Improve capacity to fully implement laws Selected Counties Analysis and Findings------49 7:8 Develop mechanisms to prevent VAMB and GBV 7:9 Conduct a policy review of legal gaps and barriers 5:1 County 1 - Nairobi 7:10 Enhance evidence base for action 5:2 Some serialized comments from respondents in Nairobi County:- 7:11 Perceptions of prevalence of violence 5:3 County 2 - Kiambu 7:12 Factors perceived to contribute to VAMB 5:4 Some serialized comments from respondents in Kiambu County:- 7:13 Knowledge of and attitudes towards laws on VAMB 5:5 County 3- Kilifi 7:14 Perceptions regarding implementation of laws 5:6 Some serialized comments by respondents in Kilifi County:- 7:15 Efforts on VAMB matters 5:7 County 4- Nyeri Page | 5
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
7:16 Efforts to address VAMB at the village level 7:17 No shelter home for male victims 7:18 Male Rights Defenders challenges Chapter 9 7:19 Areas for improvement, addressing gaps in the laws and policies Media Reports------88 7:20 Increasing collaboration and co-operation 7:21 Strengthening service provision Bibliography------94 7:22 Reporting domestic abuse in the office of administration chief 7:23 Raising community awareness Launching of the Research Statement ------96 7:24 Generating response 7:25 Some men are more at risk of violence 7:26 Men are most at risk of violence from people closest to them 7:27 Man is most at risk of violence from economically empowered wives 7:28 What are the consequences of such violence? 7:29 What are the perceived causes of violence? 7:30 How do men respond to violence? 7:31 Perceived reasons why men stay in an abusive relationship 7:32 Gender balanced national budget. 7:33 Men support groups 7:34 Gender Based Violence GBV Elders Courts (EC) 7:35 Policy and program response 7:36 Recommendations 7:37 Raise awareness of GBV at the community level 7:38 Develop innovations for increasing policy/program accountability 7:39 Address potential drivers of GBV 7:40 Improve official awareness and accountability Program implementation level 7:41 Improve capacity to fully implement laws 7:42 No shelter homes in the country 7:43 Develop creative mechanisms to prevent, reduce VAMB and GBV 7:44 Policy review, legal gaps/barriers to implementation 7:45 Enhance the evidence base for action 7:46 Removing the structural causes of VAMB and GBV 7:47 GBV Institutional mechanisms 7:48 Gender violence and religion
Chapter 8
Policy Framework------84 8:1 International legal framework 8:2 The First ever 2020 International Men Declaration Forum 8:3 2020 South Africa Men Declaration and Platform for Action (SAMDPA) 8:4 Main Objectives 8:5 Specific Objectives 8:6 National legal frameworks - The Constitution 8:7 The Sexual Offences Act 8:8 Article 3. Rape 8:9 Article 5. Sexual assault 8:10 The Penal Code 8:11 The Matrimonial Causes Act 8:12 Customary Marriage Laws 8:13 Marriage act 2014 8:14 Children and Adoption Laws 8:15 Widows and children Pension Scheme (Cap 195) 8:16 The protection against domestic violence act 8:17 The Children’s Act 8:18 More research needed on VAMB and GBV
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
Abbreviations and Acronyms
MAWE Maendeleo ya Wanaume Organization GMEN Global Men Empowerment Network NGO Non-Governmental Organization GVCF Gender Violence Children Fund MEP Men Empowerment Policy BEP Boy child Empowerment Policy GVEF Gender Violence Elimination Fund GBV Gender-Based Violence HIV/AIDS Human Immune Deficiency Virus UN United Nations TJRC Truth and Justice Reconciliation Commission VAMB Violence against Men and Boys VAW Violence against Women CIPEV Commission of Inquiry into Post Election Violence GCE Gender and Culture Education SOA Sexual Offences Act MGM Male Genital Mutilation MCHV Male Community Health Volunteers FBO Faith Based Organizations UEC Universal Education Curriculum SPEF Single Parents Empowerment Fund WEF Women Enterprise Fund UF Uwezo Fund FDB Fetus Disposal Bill GC Gender Courts GVRC Gender Violence Recovery Centre FF Family Fund GCC Gender Crisis Centre BGF Boy Girl Fund IMLD International Men’s liberation Day UCPL Universal Children Protection Law MA Marriage Act WCR Women County Representatives MPA Matrimonial Property Act USA United States of America VTR Victims’ Trust Fund NGEC National Gender and Equality Commission FGD Focus Group Discussion GBVF Gender Based Violence Fund UNMF UN Men Fund
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
Also before then women were not paid house allowances, but after consultations by women rights groups, the government harmonized their pay and they were also entitled to receive house allowances. In pastoral communities women hardly attended school they were married off when they were very young. The government alleviated the situation by building more girls schools after women protested. Many women organization were formed to fight for equal rights. The government started introducing credit facilities for women without corresponding facilities for men. Women began to be employed in Chapter 1 the armed forces in late 70s where today women are in the armed forces and accorded light duties but receive same pay as men.
The economic empowerment of women has been unprecedented Executive Summary since independence. Women who own businesses are increasing tenfold while they continue enjoying free interest loans and long repayment periods. This is also happening in the developed nations like the USA where women are still clamoring for equality with men 1:1 Background even in this 21st Century. It is a fact that women are increasingly Violence against men is prevalent in every society, and encompasses gaining prominence in economic activities of the country at the different forms of physical, sexual, economic and emotional abuse. expense of men while governments continue to empower them with However, despite its large scale, social and economic impact, it is special programs that prioritize the female gender. largely overlooked and under-researched in key areas. This report is based on findings from FDGs survey respondents of 1,700 men and As Kenya continues to celebrate independence every year, there has 300 females. Men and boys can be victims of violence at the hands of been unequal devolution of powers annually especially where women both sexes, and the results of this survey, together with other data are concerned. Almost all government programs are tailored to collection show that violence against men is predominantly benefit women against men. The social empowerment of women to perpetrated by both men and women. Majority of violence against take over roles meant for men is a very unfortunate state of affairs. men can be understood as gender-based violence. This position contradicts many policy makers since man has ever been
the pocket of woman, whether she is employed or not means the 1:2 Trend of gender events same. Man since creation has been the cash crop of woman and has In 1960, Kenya finally achieved sovereign status during the years of been her undisputed slave all along. She has made it a right and duty colonialism, evolving from new Stone Age to relatively a modern to milk the man’s salary, wealth and property freely with impunity. Nation in 1963. All this came at cost, however the years preceding independence especially the great turbulence due to agitation of 1:3 Kenya Constitution (2000) self-realization and determination. The tall order was immense The Constitution of Kenya says on promotion of representation of especially to freedom fighters and sympathizes. There was marginalized groups in Article 100 - Parliament shall enact legislation unperfected change in social, political and economic structure of the to promote the representation in Parliament of (a) women; (b) country. For the first time the country could chart its own destiny persons with disabilities; (c) youth; (d) ethnic and other minorities; notwithstanding the master and slave relationship that had existed and (e) marginalized communities. Representation of marginalized prior to this period. men or boys has not been addressed by the Constitution and it should
have stated in (a) men or women which includes boys and girls. The country faced gigantic social and economic challenges in its quest to attain its dream and vision. Men and women who fought for The name ‘men’ appears in the entire Constitution three times while emancipation from the colonial yoke were unfortunately left out from ‘women’ appears 13 times. The word boy does not appear anywhere national recognition. Instead of becoming national hero’s they were while the word girl appears. The obsession with women in the instantly forgotten and left to languish in a state of semi financial and constitution is a big question? The Kenya Constitution appears to be economic misery and slavery. female oriented and is same with enshrining female gender activism
at the expense of males. On top of that, the constitution reserves 74 After independence, men who were in the forest fighting for seats for women in Parliament and 16 seats in the Senate and at the revolution and freedom were either killed or deported and most of same time allows women to contest the remaining elective seats. It is them lost their wives, children and property. The purpose of a fact that the Constitution of Kenya is a symbol of a Goddess and has government and gender devolution has been gradual in the line with instead fueled gender apartheid, animosity and hatred according to other civilized nations of the world. Men embraced the system of MAWE. democracy and passed on to the women and meant government of the people by the people and for the people. In the first elections The advantages awarded to women are tantamount to discriminating women had no identity cards and therefore were not required to vote, against men and particularly the boy child. What does equality mean? the first parliament did not have a single female cabinet minister. Do women have special assignment in Parliament? Or are they
elected to go to the August House to make laws that tame male Majority of women were illiterate and most of them were subsistence adversaries? Does it mean that since children are not elected in farmers or were employed in the informal sectors. During this time parliament they are not represented? Animals are not elected in the salaries of women were roughly half of what the men were paid. parliament but are protected like human beings! This did not last long before women started agitated for equal pay.
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
The number of male MPs might be large but they are not in God in his works did the first major surgery of extracting a rib from Parliament in their capacity as men, or to only represent men. They the man after inducing sleeping tabs and removed a rib which was are in Parliament by virtue of being elected and represent both used to graft a being called woman. Man was surprised when he woke genders equally. Why, then, should women access the Legislature on a up and before him was a beautiful girl before called Eve. Satan in his gender ticket and be elected by both genders and paid to represent canniness was somehow happy about the new development since he females all years on ends? feared Adam and could not even try to talk to him but Eve was softer in approach and was best suited to lure the man to bend the law of Women and men have the right to equal treatment, including the God which she did successfully. The rest is history since Eve became right to equal opportunities in political, economic, cultural and social the first woman sinner by going against the wish of man and God. activities. The constitution displays gender segregation with women being treated as first class citizens and men coming in second. What Initially man was destined and designed to rule the world and sort of society does the constitution envisage? It is clear that women everything beneath as a dominant factor and partner to God and capitalize on feminism to gain mileage. The only reason the woman to be subject to man. This is well illustrated in the Koran and constitution can give for reserving special seats is the argument that Bible, Genesis Chapter 3. Of course there have been attempts and ill women are marginalized. Since the two sexes have lived together campaigns by some feminists to amend the Bible and Koran on verses since time immemorial, at what stage did women become that are pro-men but this will be the worst fatal series of gender marginalized? We have female Cabinet Secretaries, PS’s company events in the world. Since creation, man has and will ever be the main CEOs and business tycoons, among many others. Are these symbols of traditional breadwinner of the family and this of course is a Gods a marginalized sex? commandment and the natural order of things and also the African cultural norms. Today, the role of men in society is not appreciated anymore. Women If this principle has failed or fails, then the time to empower and are consistently empowered economically at the expense of men. create affirmative action for married men in order to have income That is the sad fact replayed in the Kenya Constitution. Women form generating activities so as to continue fulfilling his mandate is long 51 per cent of the population and, therefore, could muster majority overdue. votes. Why can’t women aspirants sell their ideas to the electorate and seek their votes? If rejected, perhaps they have nothing to offer in ‚Empowering the wife without in co-operating the husband is comparison with other aspirants. These reserved seats will only tantamount to sabotaging man’s authority to the rule of feminism and benefit scheming gender activist’s intent on infiltrating Parliament is against the Marriage Act 2014 which protects Marriage as a unit through the back door. Enshrining these seats in law is the same as that is not supposed to be divided by among others government encroaching men’s rights. In fact, Parliament could soon become an policies or program. Any attempts to destabilize Marriages either institution or platform for gender lobbyists. through government policies stands to be objected with the strongest Women have displaced men from their work places even with lower words possible.‛ education qualifications while men are denied opportunities on the basis of gender. By nature, women are not their men’s keepers; Basically it is translated that empowering a man is the same as therefore, favouring them is tantamount to declaring men unwanted empowering the whole family, but empowering the married woman is in their own homes. Men in this case are not begging for any favours like encouraging divisions, friction, separations and divorce since apart from the right not to be discriminated against. When you most women end up evicting or separating with their husbands after discriminate man you are in the real sense discriminating the boychild realizing that he is not efficient in providing as a breadwinner. who is helpless and deserves equal treatment with the girlchild. ‚Empowering the female gender selectively is neo-colonialism and a 1:4 Gender segregation time bomb; it is a western ideology which is meant to destabilize Empowerment of man in matrimony is a vocabulary; the legal African families and communities. This tailor made scam is uncultured, marriage union once protected by the constitution has been invaded un-African and un-divine to an extent. It is a ‚coup de grace‛ meant by all sorts of government policies and programs which have to wrestle authority from African males and replace with foreign exclusively edge the husband to oblivion. Man as the head of the domination through women who are slow in decision making so to family unit, the chief policy maker and the executive director of family speak.‛ affairs has been relegated to a secondary role and like a symbol of oblivion his duty is only sire children. The woman who was supposed MAWE singular aim is to rally for an equitable society devoid of to be the caretaker of the family has taken over the family and the discrimination. MAWE believes that all persons in Kenya are man is subject to her authority. This is a product of empowering susceptible to various forms of discrimination in one way or another. females exclusively and sidelining the males which has breed serious As such, affirmative action programs or policies must not be pegged power and authority breakdown in families and society due to reasons on the female gender or be designed within a blanket assumption being apparent and obvious. The presence of gender, domestic that one gender is more vulnerable than the other. ‚MAWE believes violence and abuse, separations, divorce, perennial family breakups, that affirmative action must have a sunset period beyond which its rebellious children and upsurge of crime, terrorism and sexual continued application becomes counterproductive to the original offences are a tip of the iceberg. The revolution agenda and objective.‛ clamoring for power by women is as old as the Bible; women started their spirited fight from the first woman Eve in the Garden of Eden. MAWE stands for the empowerment and restoration of the boy child and the man through deliberate government programs and policies God in his wisdom commanded man by delegating special duties that are destined to enable the male gender fit within the social during creation, among them was to name all animals, plants and constructs and expectations of the African society. everything on earth and man did so without starter ring. 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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
The man is called to provide irrespective of his income or lack of it. The results presented in this research were made possible by the Any order that upsets this traditional setup is bound to cause massive participation of men, women, boys and girls as the respondents in the disruption of the family as the basic unit of the society. MAWE abhors survey who gave their time to talk about personal and difficult gender based violence no matter who the perpetrator is. experiences of abuse. It was the first time for a majority of them to have spoken to anyone about their personal life experiences. By that very fact, MAWE demands for fair administration of justice, mediation and arbitration especially between men and women in 1:6 Why focus on violence against men and boys gender and domestic conflict. MAWE is against discriminative Violence against males has been a no agenda by local and standards, policies and programs that seek to elevate certain groups international stakeholders. In comparison with women there are no of people above the rest without due consideration of the unique local or international definitions of violence against men and boys, as experiences and expectation of each person. MAWE is not in well as lack of existing research on men that encompasses a wide competition with women contrary to critics but works hand in hand range of men’s experiences. This portrays the magnitude of sex with all organizations and government agencies that have a common segregation displayed by local and international stakeholders agenda on a gender violence free and equitable society. mandated to provide equal gender protection with impartiality.
MAWE is especially keen where the male gender appears to be The study explored four main dimensions of violence:- compromised by the opposite gender. It came into existence to a) The mode ” social, psychological, sexual-(emotional), counter the growing influence of women in domain traditionally held economic and/ or physical. by men. It fights for the rights of men in adverse situations and lobbies b) The frequency - on/off, occasional (rare) the government for support of the male child, youths and aged men c) The severity - chronic. - permanent injury (regularly) for subsistence support, implementation of policies and services. It is d) Boy child challenges, abuse and violence. gender sensitive, nonpartisan and advocates for a level playing ground for both genders. Its vision is geared towards harmonizing 1:7 Definition of gender violence gender relationship while embracing both culture and modern Gender means the state of being either male or female and defines technology and also reorganizing gender in its proper perspective. It how males and female relate in the society. Gender based Violence serves as a voice of men, a male rights watchdog and a platform to can affect either gender. Violence against men does exist in all address Violence against Men and boys. communities and is addressed as Gender-Based Violence GBV as a form of human rights violation and is on the increase according to 1:5 The research reports of violence to MAWE. The government and international This report addresses issues related to, the right to human dignity, the forums have not been keen on the problem in comparison with right to the integrity of a person, the principle of non-discrimination, violence against women which has been expeditiously addressed including on the ground of sex, the right to equality, the right to an locally and internationally. effective remedy and to a fair trial. This report is based on interviews with an average of 2,000 respondents and shows that violence against The social cultural stereotypes of masculinity have had adverse effects men and boys, and specifically gender and domestic that and it is a fact that the male gender is currently bearing the blunt of disproportionately affects men, is an extensive rights abuse that gender inequality and is a victim of circumstances due to ignorance, cannot be downplayed. The survey asked men and boys about their deficient and non-existent policies and services on their welfare experiences of physical, emotional and economic violence, including thereby resulting to male emasculation and gender based violence incidents of intimate partner violence and general gender and prevalence. It is hard to imagine the society or media mocking a domestic violence by non-intimate partners. battered woman but the same society pokes fun when male survivors of domestic abuse and violence are aired struggling in pain at the In addition, it asked about boys experiences in violence and the hospital bed after an attack by the spouse. results displayed emerging picture of extensive abuse that affects male’s lives but under-reported to relevant authorities. The sporadic reports of men been assaulted physically is worrying. For example, 7 in 10 men have experienced some form of violence be Beyond its bizarre physical and physiological cost, domestic violence it physical, emotional or economic in their lifetime and over 200 boys against men exacts a cruel economic challenge at the personal, family defiled and raped daily. There have been repeated calls for years for a fabric, societal and national levels. comprehensive data on violence against men and boys. It is clear, with the publication of these results, that the time is now ripe to address The average citizen and media view domestic violence as a manmade violence against men and boys on the basis of the results supplied by social problem against female gender. Violence against Men and Boys the study from 10 selected counties. VAMB occurs in all societies at any stage of a man's lifecycle. In some cases it even occurs before a boy is born through sex selective The findings seek to introduce and strengthen implementation of abortion. VAMB such as physical, emotional, economic or sexual existing measures for victims and arrest of perpetrators alongside violence occur in all cultures, although they are more common in responses to violence against men at the ward and constituency level some while others change or die out over the time yet others can as a mainstream policy issue This is because a majority of men do not persist over a lifetime. In the context of Kenya, the key structural report their experiences of abuse to authorities due to stigma and factor that exacerbates men's vulnerability is the ill assumption that cultural bonds as the major setback that hiders men from speaking the male gender is automatically empowered economically out. Innovative avenues for highlighting and combating violence throughout his livelihood and the belief that one will suffer against men and boys need to be implemented. misfortune if he shares his marital problems with anyone.
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
This belief is due in large part to the fact that men remain to be This study used a mixed-method research design incorporating FGDs, breadwinners whatsoever and therefore have no choice but works interviews and cross-sectional surveys. To estimate the prevalence of oneself to death so as to relegate their core role which includes violence, assess men’s attitudes and knowledge. We conducted cross among others marrying and feeding their family regardless of one’s sectional FGD surveys among men in the general population. resources or unemployment challenges. It is a fact that laws that Stakeholder knowledge of and attitudes towards VAMB and GBV protect women from gender and domestic violence and abuse are not were assessed through in-depth, qualitative research methods. initially intended to fit or protect men but drafted expeditiously for protection of females against males. Each County was labeled as a Focus Group Discussion-FGDs considered as a cluster. A total of 10 clusters were analyzed using This study uses the terms VAMB and GBV interchangeably as it systematic random sampling. At the selected cluster, a screening recognizes VAMB as a subcategory of GBV. Commitments from the questionnaire was administered to the head of the group which Government of Kenya to address the issue of VAMB in particular comprised a total of 10 men and 3 women per [FGD] and, or per reflect an official laxity in the way they are handled. More precisely, county and was randomly chosen and interviewed on the selected list the Government has formulated legal mechanisms to reduce women's of articles pertinent to the discussion and questionnaire. vulnerability and address the menace without incorporating men’s The study focused on violence against men and boys and targeted input in capacity building on the fight against GBV and domestic different categories of men that include:- violence in general. a. Married, separated or divorced b. Live in couples relationship 1:8 Objectives of the study - Main objective c. Family members and relatives “ The main objective of the study was to examine and estimate d. Engagement or love relationship violence against men and boys, as a subcategory of gender-based e. Have sired or adopted a child/children violence in Kenya including interpersonal, physical, sexual, economic, f. Primary, secondary and university boys students physiological and emotional abuse with a focus to determine interventions to solve the problem. However, throughout the course of developing the methodology, key research questions, selecting the sample groups and establishing 1:9 Specific objectives interview schedules, the theme of the study on VAMB emerged The specific objectives of the study were:- strongly as a focus case study that will determine science. The study 1. To establish the prevalence and magnitude of gender based recognizes the fact that women and girls too equally suffer gender violence against men and boys and intimate partner violence violence, but given the need for a limited and targeted focus as well among selected counties of Kenya. as government priorities on the male gender, this project seeks to 2. To assess men’s attitudes towards, laws, policies and services provide the information needed to inform decision-making organs addressing VAMB as a sub-category of GBV. and programmatic responses to male survivors of including the boy. 3. To assess stakeholders’ knowledge of and attitudes towards, laws, policies and services addressing VAMB as sub-category of This survey based study shows that domestic violence is likely to strike GBV. men as well as women equally. It is a fact that the overwhelming mass 4. To identify focal areas for the development of policies and of evidence and facts indicates that all domestic disputes involve and programs to reduce VAMB as subcategory of gender-based start with a verbal or physical exchange and evenly splints between violence. spouses. 5. To identify social ”cultural and economic factors relating to gender based violence among the studied communities. 1:11 Survey instruments 6. To establish the types and forms of GBV and IPV and The following were research instruments used to collect data: perpetrators among selected regions and communities. “ Prevalence survey questionnaire for men and women 7. To make suggestions and interventions for addressing GBV on “ Focus group discussion guidelines for men and women the basis of findings. “ In-depth interview guidelines for men and women 8. To assess the types of abuse and establish the extent of boy child neglect and abuse by society and government. The prevalence survey covered the following topics: “ Socio characteristics:- 1:10 Methodology and scope of the research Current age, age at marriage, education, marital status, ethnicity, Methodologically, the study carried out a quantitative survey and type of family, sources of income, employment, disability status and targeted 1700 males and 300 females between 16-55 years in 10 exposure to media. counties that is:- 1. Nairobi 2.Nyeri 3. Kilifi 4. Kisumu 5. Kitui. 6. Kisii. “ Wife’s background:- 7. Kakamega. 8. Meru 9. Homa Bay 10. Nakuru counties by using Current age, education, occupation, abuse of alcohol or drugs stratified cluster sampling approach. “ Attitudes towards violence: “ Community violence The results data were purposively selected in consultation with police, “ Knowledge about GBV laws, polices and services administration chiefs, hospital records and MAWE office data base. “ Intimate partner violence and non-intimate Owing to the predominantly rural nature of some parts of the country “ Consequences and Interventions and the pre-determined sample size and unit of analysis, this study Perceptions of economic violence and discrimination varied across focused on the totality of violence against male gender and its the groups. Men reported that women are often paid more to do the consequences and solutions that can eradicate the vice. same work as men with more women promotion opportunities.
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
1:12 Research implementers Quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package. A central “Volunteer members of MAWE and Boychild Foundation focus of the analysis was to assess the extent of violence against men, “Qualified researchers their awareness of laws and policies addressing the issue, and their “Enumerators help-seeking behavior.
1:13 Data sources, data collection and consent 1:15 Qualitative data Data was obtained from primary sources through field work carried Flash memory ships, field notes from in-depth interviews, semi- out in various parts of selected counties. A survey questionnaire and structured interviews, FGDs were transcribed and analysis based on detailed interview schedules/guides were designed and used to thematic approaches. Due to limited time and resources, we analyzed capture the prevalence, magnitude, trends and causes of VAMB. In the qualitative data manually. Emerging themes identified and grid carrying out this study, the researchers were conscious of the need to tables were prepared. ensure that all respondents consented to interviews and to the contents of interview used in the report. Because of the sensitive 1:16 Characteristics/social profile of study population nature of the questions and the difficulty in obtaining privacy at the The median age of the men surveyed was 35 years, with 30% as young participant’s home men who were willing to participate were as 16 years. A majority of the men (72%) were married, and of those interviewed at a central location outside and in privacy. who had ever married, more than half (51%) had two or more children. As noted above, our geographical focus meant that about Fieldwork was carried in 10 months from April 2016 to January 2017. 49% of the men between 16-35 years surveyed belonged to the junior 6 trained researchers gathered data and were the overseers in the and senior youth group followed by those between ages 36 - 50 (43%) organization headquarters. The field team of 100 people received and the elderly group of 50 and above (8%). The age of the in-depth training in the application of the research. Representatives of MAWE interview respondents ranged from 18 to 55 years, and their facilitated the training. education levels ranged from 0 level certificate or diploma. Many men were involved in either self-employment or civil service. The training curriculum included an overview of the objectives, The respondents were from different ethnic groups. The age of the followed by sampling methodology, research ethics and techniques FGD participants ranged from 18 to 55 years. Boys in the youngest for building rapport, interview skills, questionnaire administration, age group were represented by junior and senior youth, while women recording and transcription. In addition all the research instruments in the other two groups were involved in teaching, business and or were discussed in detail, and mock interviews were carried out. Field were housewives. researchers and enumerators’ were trained to follow standard practices and were responsible for obtaining informed consent, 1:17 In-depth qualitative research maintaining ethical norms, and conducting individual interviews. We conducted Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews, and semi-structured interviews. 10 FGDs conducted the close The trained researchers were responsible for day-to-day record sectional study to better understand community perceptions of update and supervision of the enumerators, conducting FGDs and in- VAMB. The aim was to explore men’s knowledge, attitudes regarding depth interviews with men and reporting to the researchers. To laws, policies and services addressing GBV. FGDs for both men and increase confidentiality, individual interviews were conducted in women were conducted in the same clusters. The FGD participants private locations convenient to the respondents, usually away from were interviewees recruited with the help of community. their homes or workplaces. Some in-depth interviews and FGDs were recorded with phones with the consent of the respondents. Interviews Male gender discrimination is made possible through many factors were transcribed and FGD field notes were expanded weekly. including increasingly lack of good will by the government, lack of knowledge of laws and services, poor receptive political environment Six debriefing meetings were held at the MAWE Head Office at CEO that in theory protects and promotes the female gender at the Centre along Thika Highway at Githurai Town after the researchers expense of the male gender with impunity. had completed the semi data collection in all Counties. Research members from each county component sent their noted field There are also gaps in understanding the knowledge, attitudes of experiences and discussed the challenges they faced during their public and key decision makers towards the laws, policies, and fieldwork with the researchers. Advisory committee of three members services that address VAMB. under the leadership of MAWE was formed before the study 1. This study serves as a platform to voice the concerns on VAMB initiation. prevalence and aims to fill some of these gaps by quantifying the levels and consequences while cataloging men's The role of the Focus Groups Discussion FGD was to safeguard and experiences in seeking help. address the community’s and the study participants’ interests and 2. It also acts as a whistle blower and wishes to raise a red flag on concerns during the study period and ensure that ethical and the adverse status of the male gender. harmonization guidelines were followed. The FGD were answerable 3. It also seeks to partner with government institutions and NGO’s to the researchers and would discuss the methods and research who are like minded in saving the situation by implementing instruments and challenges. effective programs and service delivery. 4. The study was initially launched in order to generally examine 1:14 Data management and analysis, VAMB in Kenya and to take stock while evaluating knowledge The completed individual questionnaires were manually edited and and attitudes amongst a wide range of stakeholders regarding coded before being entered into the data entry system. A data policies and services. management officer closely monitored the work of data entry It is therefore very wrong to brand men as the only perpetrators or the assistant and randomly checked entered data every day. root cause of all disputes of domestic abuse and violence in families. Page | 12
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
It is also a fact that many women go out armed with weapons or sharp Another challenge was abrupt postponement of appointments with objects of aggression against men in their handbags while some have the enumerators which was inconveniencing and a waste of time thus enrolled in unarmed combat like i.e. Karate fighting tactics against prolonging the result findings. male opponents. Women currently are more likely to attack under the slightest excuse and men are often victims who are caught unawares. One of the biggest impediments that we came across is that men were reluctant and not willing to share their secrets openly to anyone about One core reason why violence against men is widely ignored lies in their domestic abuse and violence experiences. Battered men fail to the notion that battered or abused men are either alcoholics, report cases due to strong African cultural attachment which forbids a irresponsible, week, unmanly or even mentally ill which is far from the man to declare defeat and also feeling of inferiority complex as many truth. To some extent it is a fact but only affects a few. However it is become subjects of mockery and ridicule. The Police and chiefs have unlawful since it does not in any way justify gender or domestic abuse. not being competent and are not willing to help men victims but Legal and diplomatic avenues of solving disputes are the best suited instead favor women issues and their complaints. as a firsthand approach to gender and domestic violence. 1:20 Limitations of the study Sometimes it is impossible to ignore the problem and especially when As with any piece of research, there are limitations both to data it manifest to threat to life or turns grievous bodily harm, the focus on collection and interpretation. We grouped these into three main the root cause tends to shift in favour of women and blamed on man. areas. This narrative is misleading and has led to the basis of selective 1. This study is limited to VAMB, a sub-category of broader GBV, gender funding consequently dividing and fuelling more violence in due to the nature of the sample population and the questions families. used to elicit the experiences of that sample. 2. The cross-sectional nature of the data limits our ability to The government on the other hand overwhelmingly spends on establish temporality or causality in many of the observed programs that support the female gender at the expense of the male relationships. gender and therefore does not address the problem or meet the 3. Due to the purposive selection of all counties and the complex desired results. MAWE has continuously been carrying out research nature of the sample, the findings cannot reliably be and analysis of challenges affecting the male gender including the generalized. boy child. It is one organization that has consistently addressed the problem through data analysis. Although we tried to ensure reliability and validity of responses, ignorance and underreporting of VAMB cannot be ruled out entirely It is unfortunate that the male child is currently bearing the blunt of as it may bias results in several directions. gender inequality and is a victim of circumstances due to non-existent policies on their welfare thereby slowly lagging behind the girl. Cases 1:21 Geographical characteristics of boys being raped have short up overwhelmingly countrywide. This We interviewed over approximately 1,700 men and 300 women crime is prevalent and a disaster that has spread over the rural and across the 10 selected Counties of Kenya. The median age of the men urban areas with the government turning a blind eye and blaming it was 35 years. Majority of sampled men were between 18 to 55 years on the same men who commit the crime instead of dealing with married at the time of the interview. perpetrators like normal rapists. 1:22 Mass media exposure Amidst the protest by parents and society, the impact to the survivors In the present study, exposure to media was assessed by asking men if of rape is traumatizing and has led to many young boys dropping out they listened to the radio, watched television or read newspapers or of school while others terminate their lives due to its physiological magazines at least once a week. They were also asked when they and sociological stigma. The study is keen on providing a framework watch television or listen to the radio. for action on the pandemic by introducing policies and programs with Exposure to media was highest among literate men living in the urban a goal towards elimination of violence against boys. areas. Media exposure is mostly among the men of between ages 15 to 50 years. 1:18 Ethical considerations The study received ethical approval from MAWE leadership. For The study showed that the media was not impartial on reporting example, FGD members received training on research ethics. Data gender violence against males in comparison with females. A lot of collection proceeded only with informed consent of the subjects. emphasis was put on violence against females and girls and Over 200 men refused to provide background information about their sometimes very exaggerated after women rights defenders stand up wives. Data was collected and stored with no personally identifying against the incidence. information. The information was sent to the main office daily and qualitative interviews were kept under lock and key in the MAWE A majority of cases of violence against males and boys are reported to office. All computer files were password protected to ensure the media but are not aired due to media discrimination particularly confidentiality. Study participants were given information and access when the reporter or the editor in charge is a female reporting male to appropriate counseling interventions if requested. abuse or violence. Programs that address GBV portray men as perpetrators of violence even when they are victims. A majority of 1:19 Challenges programs and stories aired on TV and radio and newspapers are not One of the major challenges from respondents was assurance that gender sensitive and are biased where males are branded potential information submitted was confidential since many men had chosen abusers and criminals before trial. not to share their marital problems with anyone.
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
The study however showed that the role that media plays as a vital 27% reported that they would rely on organizations and 23% would tool in passing the right message on gender matters and successful share with friends and 3% would report to the police and while 1% awareness campaigns cannot be ruled out. This information is useful would report to the media. for program managers and planners to determine which media will be most effective for disseminating information to a targeted gender or 1:26 Perception of justice audience. FGD participants were asked how difficult it is for men victims to receive justice and there was an impression among men that currently Results showed that 32% of men were exposed to at least one type of it is easier to seek redress, owing to the awareness campaigns by media, with exposure to radio being the highest 52%. About 30% of MAWE and media in combating VAMB. However, men identified men watch television at least thrice a week. Exposure to print media common barriers to justice. Lack of support from authorities, was lower; with only 10% men reporting that they read a newspaper illiteracy, lack of knowledge of services, fear of societal and family or magazine at least once a week. retribution and corruption:-
Only 25% of men were exposed to all three media at least once a 1:27 (b) Support and problem sharing (N=2000) week, and 7% of men were not exposed to any of the three media. Media exposure was highly related to both level of education and economic status. 40% 1:23 (a) Mass media exposure (N=2000)
35%
60% 30%
25% 50% 20% 40% 15%
30% 10%
5% 20%
0% 10%
0%
1:24 Disability status Out of 1,700 men interviewed in this study, 300 women, 2% reported at least one type of disability. Among these disabled men, 38 were physically disabled and 2 were hearing impaired.
1:25 Support from friends and organizations Men were also asked if they are able to get support from friends or organizations. The large majority of men 46% reported that they would rather suffer in silence than share their marital problems with anyone due to stigma.
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
Chapter 2 Social- Cultural Dimensions
2:1 (c) Map of Kenya showing the location of the 10 selected Counties 1. Kakamega 2. Homa Bay 3. Kisii 4. Nakuru 5. Kiambu 6. Nairobi 7. Nyeri. 8. Machakos 9. Meru 10. Kilifi
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
2:2 Nairobi County 1 Most of the upmarket suburbs are situated to the west and north- Nairobi is a sprawling metropolis of over 3.2 million people. Majority central of Nairobi.These include Karen, Langata, Lavington, Gigiri, of people live in squalor and substandard housing estates while it is Muthaiga, Brookside, Spring Valley, Loresho, Kilimani, Kileleshwa, also a fact that millionaires will also be found in this capital City of Hurlingham, Runda, Kitisuru, Nyari, Kyuna, Lower Kabete, Westlands, Kenya. Crime rate and gender and domestic violence are at an and Highridge, although Kangemi, Kawangware, and Dagoretti are alarming rate where it is the order of the day as men and women lower income areas close to these affluent suburbs. compete to make a living. Nairobi County has 17 Constituencies. Nairobi County is one of the 47 Counties of Kenya. The smallest yet The city's colonial past is commemorated by many English place- most populous of the counties, it is also the capital and largest city of names. Most lower-middle and upper middle income neighbourhoods Kenya. Nairobi was founded in 1899 and was handed capital status are located in the north-central areas such as Highridge, Parklands, from Mombasa in 1905. Nairobi is the most populous city in East Ngara, Pangani, and areas to the southwest and southeast of the Africa and the 4th largest city in Africa with an estimated of above 3 metropolitan area near the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport. The million people. Nairobi is presently one of the most prominent cities most notable ones include Avenue Park, Fedha, Pipeline, Donholm, in Africa both politically and financially and a home to many Greenfields, Nyayo, Taasia, Baraka, Nairobi West, Madaraka, Siwaka, international companies and organizations. South B, South C, Mugoya, Riverbank, Hazina, Buru Buru, Uhuru, Harambee Civil Servants', Akiba, Kimathi, Pioneer, Koma Rock to the Overall, Nairobi is an established economic and cultural hub. Nairobi centre-east and Kasarani to northeast among others. is situated between the cities of Kampala and Mombasa. As Nairobi is adjacent to the eastern edge of the Rift Valley, minor earthquakes The lower income estates are located mainly in far eastern Nairobi. and tremors occasionally occur. The Ngong Hills, located to the west These include, Umoja, Kariokor, Dandora, Kariobangi, Kayole, of the city, are the most prominent geographical feature of the Embakasi, and Huruma. Kitengela suburb, though located further Nairobi area. Mount Kenya is situated north of Nairobi, and Mount southeast, Ongata Rongai and Kiserian further southwest, and Kilimanjaro is towards the south-east. Nairobi is divided into a series Ngong/Embulbul suburbs also known as 'Diaspora' to the far west are of constituencies with each being represented by members of considered part of the Greater Nairobi Metropolitan area. More than Parliament. These constituencies are: Makadara, Kamukunji, Starehe, 90% of Nairobi residents work within the Nairobi Metropolitan area, Langata, Dagoretti, Westlands, Kasarani, and Embakasi. The main in the formal and informal sectors. Many Somali immigrants have also administrative divisions of Nairobi are Central, Dagoretti, Embakasi, settled in Eastleigh, nicknamed "Little Mogadishu" Kasarani, Kibera, Makadara, Pumwani, and Westlands.
2:3 (d) Emotional Abuse -County in order of prevalence
Approximate male Approximate male Cross In-depth population FGD Interviews population sectional interviews Approximate abused within the Counties 8 men with abused in their life survey with with men Percent last six months 3 women Stakeholders emotional abuse ages Respondents survivors emotional abuse 18 to 60 (rare) ages 18 to 60
(regularly)
1 Nairobi 500 1 70 7 58% 230,000 115,000
2 Kiambu 130 1 15 2 55% 120,000 60,000
3 Kakamega 130 1 15 2 43% 98,000 49,000
4 Nakuru 130 1 15 2 42% 84,000 42,000
5 Homa Bay 130 1 15 2 40% 70,000 35,000
6 Meru 130 1 15 2 39% 66,000 33,000
7 Kisii 130 1 15 2 37% 54,000 27,000
8 Kilifi 130 1 15 2 38% 58,000 26,000
9 Machakos 130 1 15 2 30% 40,000 20,000
10 Nyeri 130 1 15 2 26% 26,000 13,000 40.8% Total 1,670 110 205 15 806,000 348,000 average Average per 80,600 34,800 County
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
2:7 (f) Gender and Domestic Abuse (Emotional abuse frequency) -County in order of prevalence
Approximate male population Approximate male population Type of Abuse abused in their life time abused within the last six months Counties emotional abuse ages 18 to 60 emotional abuse ages 18 to 60 (rare) (regularly)
1. Nairobi County 230,000 115,000 2. Kiambu County 120,000 60,000 2. Kakamega County 98,000 49,000 4. Nakuru County 84,000 42,000 5. HomaBay County 70,000 35,000 6. Meru County 66,000 33,000 7 Kilifi County 58,000 29,000 8. Kisii County 54,000 27,000 9. Machakos County 40,000 20,000 10. Nyeri County 26,000 13,000 Total Male population of
Males abused in the 10 846,000 423,000 Counties Average male population 84,600 abused in the 10 Counties 42,300 Average male population 3,976,200 Abused countrywide 1,988,100
2:4 KIAMBU COUNTY 2 Although there are Catholics, Presbyterian and Anglican faithful’s, the Kiambu County is also considered one of the wealthiest counties in Methodist church commands the largest following in this region, with Kenya. Kiambu County constitutes twelve constituencies; Gatundu Muslims and Hindus most of whom live around Meru town comprising South, Gatundu North, Juja, Thika Town, Ruiru, Githunguri, Kiambu, the smallest religious groups. Culturally, the Ameru believed in an Kiambaa, Kabete, Kikuyu, Limuru and Lari. Kiambu has a population of ancestral god called Murungu or Arega Kuthera. There was deep about 1,700,000 people. It is a leading innovative commercial hub reverence for the spirit of the living dead. Ameru believed in offering that shares its borders with five other counties; Nakuru and Kajiado to sacrifices to their dead ancestors. The divine leader of the Ameru was the West, Murang'a and Nyandarua North and Nairobi South. called the Mugwe. These were respected persons who made sacrifices and performed healing on behalf of the tribe. However, with the There are several theories that explain the origin of the name kiambu; arrival of Christianity, the cultural rites and functions have become one theory suggests that it was derived from a prominent Kikuyu clan obsolete. The Meru tribe or Merus is a Bantu ethnic group. They known as mbari ya mbuu who used to live next to the current day reside on Mount Kenya's agriculturally rich northeastern slopes, in Kiambu town. Another theory suggests the area used to experience Kenya's Eastern Province. A small number of residents subscribe to constant showers hence the kikuyu phrase ‘kia mbuu'’ meaning the different faiths including Islam and Hinduism. ‚place of drizzles.‛ Majority of people living in Kiambu County are Christians. Notable among Christian faith are Presbyterian, English language is primarily used for daily interaction in the Methodist, Catholic, Anglican, Pentecostals and Baptists. education, business and social sector. The Kikuyu people speak Gikuyu; a language widely spoken across the country even in towns 2:5 MERU COUNTY 3 where a majority of people speak Kiswahili. The Agikuyu people living Meru County is made up of nine constituencies; Igembe South, in Kiambu originally believed in their ancestral god;ngai, who was Igembe Central, Igembe North, Tigania West, Tigania East, North thought to live on top of mount Kenya. Locals are believed to have Imenti, Buuri, Central Imenti and South Imenti. Meru shares it border fought and intermarried with the Maasai from neighboring Kajiado. with five other counties; Isiolo to the North, Nyeri to the South West, Tharaka-Nithi to the South West and Laikipia to the West. In modern day, most Kikuyus have abandoned their traditional beliefs for Christianity. It neighbors Nairobi County and hence acts as a The origin of the word 'Meru' is believed to come from the Maasai satellite County thus shares much of its woes. However, there is a people who referred to Tigania and Imenti forests as the Mieru forests cultural trait peculiar to this place. Some of its inhabitants are known or simply the Quiet Forests. Maasais are also believed to have used to have certain negative aspects that do not endear them much to the term Mieru to name any tribe which could not understand their other areas particularly in regard to women. It is common knowledge Maa language. Meru County is mainly a Christian stronghold. that majority of women in this place are money driven that they will stop at nothing to make a fast buck.
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
No wonder you find relatively young widows in early 25’s and 35’s. 2:8 HOMA BAY COUNTY 4 The name Meru refers to both the people and the location. Merus are Homa Bay County has a population of 963,794 according to the 2009 primarily agrarian, raising a few domestic animals. Male circumcision National Census. It is located about 420km from Nairobi. Homa Bay is still one of the most significant rituals in Meru culture. This rite of borders five counties; Migori to the south, Kisii and Nyamira to the passage transforms a young man into an adult, giving him the right to east, and Kericho and Kisumu to the north east. The county also marry, acquire wealth and property, and make independent decisions. borders Lake Victoria to the north and west. The county was originally Just like other Bantus, a bride price in the form of cows, goats and known as Chich Owuno (Onuno's market) but it was renamed to Homa sheep is paid by the groom's family to the bride's before marriage. Bay by colonialists in 1925 because it was overlooking the then Huma Hills in Karachuonyo. Homa Bay County constitutes eight A man is considered the head of the household and has defined roles constituencies: Mbita, Ndhiwa, Homabay Town, Rangwe, and duties. Women tend to the farms and raise the children. Karachuonyo, Kabondo, Kasipul and Suba. The Luo and Abasuba Traditionally, Merus had a strong clan (family) system that controlled people are the dominant communities in Homa Bay, making at least the basic operations of all families within the clan. Although the clan 95% of the county’s population. system has nearly vanished, the extended family still retains a very powerful influence on the lives of individual family members. The Luo community speaks in Dholuo language. Abasuba speak in Suba language, although many Subas speak in Dholuo language due The entire family is tasked with making important life decisions on to their interaction with the Luo people. Because of proximity to Lake behalf of each family member, such as during marriage ceremonies. Victoria, the Luo and Abasuba are primarily fishermen and small-scale The Meru tribe also has a strong educational foundation provided by farmers growing maize, sugar cane, millet, potatoes and vegetables. Christian mission schools and is among the most influential ethnic The fish caught in the lake is consumed locally with the surplus being groups in Kenya. The main education institutions were started by the sold in the neighboring towns. Some fish from the lake is also Catholic, Methodist and Presbyterian churches who settled in the exported to international markets of Europe and other countries. district in the early years. Other communities such as Kisii, Teso, Banyore, Bukusu and Samia are also present in Homa Bay County.
2:6 (e) Economic and Physical Abuse -County in order of prevalence
Approximate male Approximately half of population abused these men are regularly Cross In-depth Interviews FGD economically and abused economically sectional interviews with Approxim Counties 8 men physically in their and physically within survey with with men Stakeholder ate 3 women life time the last six months Respondents survivors s Percent Ages 18-60 (rare) ages 18-60 (regularly)
1 Nairobi 500 1 70 7 38% 150,000 75,000
2 Kiambu 130 1 15 2 35% 74,000 37,000 3 Nakuru 130 1 15 2 31% 68,000 34,000
4 Meru 130 1 15 2 30% 52,000 26,000
5 Nyeri 130 1 15 2 29% 30,000 15,000
6 Kakamega 130 1 15 2 28% 28,000 14,000
7 Homa Bay 130 1 15 2 14% 24,000 12,000
8 Kisii 130 1 15 2 12% 18,000 9,000
9 Kilifi 130 1 15 2 11% 16,000 8,000 1 Machakos 130 1 15 2 8% 12,000 6,000 0 23.6% Total 1,670 110 205 15 472,000 236,000 average Average 47,200 23,600 per County
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
These groups of people are in the county as tenant fishermen or Buzeki Dairy produces the popular Molo Milk brand, has a milk businesspeople. The majority of people here are Christians. There is a processing plant in Kilifi Plantations. Small-scale farmers also keep small population of Muslims especially in the urban centres. However, sheep, goats, rabbits, pigs and bees.It lies within the coastal lowland, many rural residents still adhere to their traditional cultural customs which rises gradually from the sea level in the east above sea level. such as the belief in a god called Jwok - the creator of heaven and earth - and the culture of wife inheritance. Traditionally Luos did not It is largely cosmopolitan, being inhabited by a host of Kenyan circumcise their males as an initiation rite. mainland communities co-existing with both the indigenous coastal people like the Mijikenda groups, Akamba, Afro-Asians and people of Instead, boys used to have their lower front teeth removed. But Arabic origins. The most popular religion in the county is Islam. Most modern culture has diminished some of these practices and male of the residents speak Kiswahili language and practice the Swahili circumcision has taken root among the Luos, which is also seen as a culture. Among residents of Arabic descent, social relationships are means to curb the spread of HIV and Aids. The custom of wife mainly governed by sharia norms; African descents are governed by a inheritance, which allows a man's relatives to inherit his wife in case of mix of Arabic-African cultural. his death, has also faded over time. The Luo people have a rich music heritage and are renowned for their benga music - an entertaining 1:11 MACHAKOS COUNTY 6 style in which songs in English, Swahili or Dholuo are played alongside The county has eight constituencies: Masinga Constituency, Yatta an eight-string lyre called nyatiti. Fishing and agriculture are the Constituency, Kangundo Constituency, Matungulu Constituency, main economic activities in Homa Bay County. Kathiani Constituency, Mavoko Constituency, Machakos Town Constituency and Mwala Constituency. Machakos County is a county They produce some of the best fish in the world. Fishing is practiced of Kenya. Its capital is Machakos. Its largest town is Machakos, the mainly by people living near the shores of Lake Victoria. Fish caught in country's first administrative headquarters. The county has a the lake include Tilapia and Nile Perch, which is consumed locally, population of 1,098,584.[1] The county borders Nairobi and Kiambu sold to other towns such as Kisumu and Nairobi and exported counties to the West, Embu to the North, Kitui to the East, Makueni to worldwide. Europe is a major consumer of Nile Perch from Lake the South, Kajiado to the South West, and Muranga and Kirinyaga to Victoria. Areas around Kasipul Kabondo, Rangwe and Ndhiwa are very North West. Machakos has a population of about 1, 150,000 fertile; producing bounty harvests of cotton, maize, sugar cane, inhabitants. Kambas were involved in the long distance trade during cassava, banana, pineapples, sorghum, millet, sunflower, sorghum, the pre-colonial period. In the mid-eighteenth century, a large ground nuts and potatoes. number of Akamba pastoral groups moved eastwards towards the Tsavo and Kibwezi areas along the coast. Sugar cane grown in the county is crushed at the Sony Sugar factory in Awendo, and construction is currently under way for a sugar factory in This migration was the result of extensive drought and a lack of Ndhiwa. Tourism is also a major income-earner for Homa Bay, with pasture for their cattle. The Kambas settled in the Mariakani, Kisauni tourist attraction sites such as Ruma National Park and Mfangano and Kinango areas of the coast of Kenya, creating the beginnings of Island drawing thousands of visitors to the county. urban settlement. They still reside in large numbers in these towns, and have become absorbed into the cultural, economic and political 2:10 KILIFI COUNTY 5 life of the modern-day. Many Kamba people are Christians; however, Kilifi County is home to 1,109,735 people according to the 2009 some still practice the old traditional beliefs. The Akamba people Census. Kilifi shares it borders with four other counties; Mombasa and believe in a monotheistic, invisible and transcendental god, Ngai or Kwale to the south, Tana River to the north, and Taita Taveta to the Mulungu, who lives in the sky (yayayani). This god is also referred to as west. Kilifi County has seven constituencies, Kilifi North, Kilifi South, Asa or Father. Kaloleni, Rabai, Ganze, Malindi and Magarini. The main communities living in Kilifi County include Mijikenda, Swahili, Bajuni, Indians, Arabs 2:12 NYERI COUNTY 7 and European settlers. Majority of people living in Kilifi County are Nyeri County is a town situated in the Central Highlands of Kenya. It is either Muslims or Christians, although the county has several smaller the county headquarters of Nyeri County. The county is located on religious communities such as the Africa Indigenous Religion and the southwest of Mount Kenya. Local people in this area are Hindu. Kiswahili and Mijikenda language are widely spoken across the predominantly of the Kikuyu ethnicity. Nyeri has a total population of county. The Mijikenda (nine cities) is a wider grouping that comprises about 700,000 according to 2009 census. Nyeri County has a total of nine sub-tribes; Giriama, Digo, Chonyi, Kamabe, Jibana, Kauma, six constituencies named Nyeri Town, Othaya, Tetu, Kieni, Mathira Duruma, Rabai and Ribe. and Mukurwe-ini. It shares its borders with five other counties; Kirinyaga to the east, Nyandarua to the west, Muranga to the south, All of these sub-groups speak the Mijikenda language. Traditionally, Laikipia to the north and Meru to the north east. The name Nyeri is the Mijikenda believed in a supreme god, Mulungu. The community derived from the Maasai word nyiro, meaning red. The Maasai people, has a sacred forest - the Kaya - which is used by the elders as a place who once lived in the county, called the area nyiro - after its red of prayer to Mulungu. The Kaya forest was enlisted as a World volcanic soil. Heritage Site in August 2008. Located about 60km north of Mombasa, Kilifi town is the main stop on the Mombasa-Malindi The name was later changed to Nyeri by white settler farmers. highway. The town is set on Kilifi Creek between Mombasa and Majority of the people living in Nyeri County are Kikuyus - the most Malindi, which is about 52km away. Other urban centres in Kilifi populous tribe in Kenya at 22% of the country's population. Most County include Mtwapa, Mariakani, Watamu, Majengo, Mazeras and Kikuyus living here are predominantly farmers growing tea and coffee Magarini. Dairy and beef farming is also practised, accounting to a as cash crops alongside food crops such as maize, beans, assorted significant quantity of beef and milk consumed in the county and vegetables and sweet potatoes. beyond. Page | 19
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
2:13 (h) Gender and Domestic Abuse (Combined forms of abuse) -County in order of prevalence
Average males who have experienced Average males abused emotionally/ Type of Abuse Counties abuse emotionally/ economically/ economically/ physically within the last six
physically in their lifetime 18 to 60 (rare) months (regularly)
Emotional abuse 230,000 115,000 Economic/ Physical 123,000 61,500 abuse 1. Nairobi County 353,000 176,500 Emotional abuse 120,000 60,000 Economic/ Physical 56,000 28,000 abuse 2. Kiambu County 176,500 88,000 Emotional abuse 98,000 49,000 Economic/ Physical 28,000 14,000 abuse 2. Kakamega County 126,000 63,000 Emotional abuse 84,000 42,000 Economic/ Physical 34,000 17,000 abuse 4. Nakuru County 118,000 59,000 Emotional abuse 70,000 35,000 Economic/ Physical 39,000 19,500 abuse 5. Homa Bay County 109,000 44,500 Emotional abuse 66,000 33,000 Economic/ Physical 40,000 20,000 abuse 6. Meru County 106,000 53,000 Emotional abuse 58,000 26,000 Economic/ Physical 16,000 8,000 abuse 7 Kilifi County 83,000 41,500 Emotional abuse 54,000 27,000 Economic/ Physical 18,000 9,000 abuse 8. Kisii County 72,000 36,000 Emotional abuse 40,000 20,000 Economic/ Physical 12,000 6,000 abuse 9. Machakos County 52,000 26,000 Emotional abuse 26,000 13,000 Economic/ Physical 10,000 5,000 abuse 10. Nyeri County 36,000 18,000 Total Male population
of Males abused in the 1,231,000 615,500 10 Counties Average male
population abused in 123,100 61,550 the 10 Counties Average male Page | 20
population Abused 5,785,700 2,892,850 countrywide Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
Other communities living in the county include Luo, Meru, Kamba, It borders seven counties; Samburu and Laikipia to the east, Turkana Embu, Borana and Somali who mostly do their own businesses or to the north and north east, Nakuru to the south, Elgeyo Marakwet to employed by the government. Majority of people living in Nyeri the west, West Pokot to to the north west and Kericho and Uasin County are Christians. Notable among Christian faith are the Gishu to the south west. The name Baringo is derived from the word Presbyterian, Methodist, Catholic, Anglican Pentecostals and Akorino mparingo which means 'lake' in the language of Njemps who live in denominations. There’s a small number residents, mainly found in the areas' south and south-east of the lake. Baringo County major towns, who prophesy to the Muslim and Hindu religions. constitutes five constituencies: Tiaty, Baringo North, Baringo Central, English language is primarily used in the education system and in the Baringo South, Mogotio and Eldama Ravine. Most people are employment sector. Gikuyus traditionally believed in a single god, Christians, although there are a small number of residents who still called ngai (the provider), living at the top of Mount Kenya. However, adhere to traditional beliefs. The people of Baringo speak the most Kikuyus have abandoned their traditional beliefs for Christianity. Kalenjin language, specifically Tugen. Most speak Kiswahili and English too. Traditionally, the people of Baringo believed in a god Nestling between Mount Kenya and the Aberdare ranges, agriculture Asis, who is represented in the form of the sun. But today, most is the main economic activity in Nyeri. The county is renowned for its Kalenjins have abandoned their traditional beliefs for Christianity. high production of tea and coffee, which are grown mainly for export. Popular Christian denominations in Baringo include the African Inland These crops earn farmers billions of shillings every year. In 2012, Nyeri Church (AIC), Roman Catholic and the Anglican Church of Kenya farmers earned Sh2.58 billion in tea bonus payments. Many other (ACK). Livestock, especially cattle, is an important feature of the residents are engaged in retail business across the main towns and in Baringo culture. open-air markets selling agricultural produce. Nyeri is also renowned for horticultural farming. Large scale flower farms in the county It is a major source of wealth and serves as a form of traditional include Mweiga Blooms in Kieni and Wilmar Flowers in Sagana area. currency used to negotiate for wives and dowry payment. As such, it is Green house farming is also becoming popular among small scale common for Pokots and other ethnic groups to raid their neighboring vegetable farmers, where they engage in growing tomatoes, communities - especially the Turkana - to enlarge their herds. Among courgettes, green pepper, strawberry and capsicum among others. the Kalenjins, men are traditionally responsible for looking after livestock and protecting their family from external aggressors. Other agricultural activities which act as a source of income include Women are tasked with taking care of children, working in the farm dairy farming and fish keeping in Tetu, Aguthi, and Chinga Dam areas. and performing domestic duties such as cooking and fetching water. Dairy farming is mostly practised on a small scale basis mainly at Children usually look after goats and sheep, but in the modern homes. There is Trout rearing around the base of Mt. Kenya, and lifestyle, most attend school and have attained formal education. along the Chania and Gura rivers. Nyeri County has a number of light industries which provide employment opportunities and markets for Agriculture is the backbone of the Baringo County economy. In the local produce. Notable factories include Maisha Flour Millers, highlands cash crop farming of coffee and cotton the main economic Brookside Dairy, Mount Kenya Bottlers and Highlands Mineral Water. activity, although food crops such as maize and beans are also grown in the area. In the lowlands livestock keeping is carried out to There are six tea factories in Nyeri County; Kagochi, Chinga, Gathuthi, supplement crops farming. Animals kept here include cattle, goats, Gitugi, Iria-ini and Ragati, providing a market and employment to the sheep and camels. Bee keeping and Aloe Vera plant cultivation are locals. Today, most Kikuyus are Christians, however, like the Maasai the emerging economic activities in Baringo. These products are and Kamba tribes, Kikuyus traditionally worshipped a single god, processed locally, with the aloe vera factory in Koriema being the only Ngai, who was known as the provider and lived at the top of the aloe vera processing factory in Kenya. Because of the many tourist mountain. Kikuyus believed it was their traditional god who started attractions located within the county, tourism is a major income the Kikuyu tribe by putting on earth a man and woman named Kikuyu generating activity in Baringo. and Mumbi. The couple had nine daughters who later married and brought the Kikuyu tribe to life. A majority of the Agikuyu are found in Attractions such as Lake Baringo and Lake Bogoria draw many Nairobi and Kenya's Central Province. Many have also migrated to domestic and foreign tourists thereby earning the county good other Kenyan towns and cities where they're involved in small business revenue. Nakuru borders seven counties; Laikipia to the north east, ventures, while others work in other areas. A good number of Kikuyus Kericho to the west, Narok to the south west, Kajiado to the south, have moved onto the west side of the Rift Valley, into what was Baringo to the north, Nyandarua to the east and Bomet to the west. traditionally Kalenjin territory. There they work as large-scale farmers The name Nakuru means 'a dusty place' in the Maasai language - in growing major cash crops of tea and coffee. Due to their history of reference to frequent whirlwinds that engulf the area with clouds of economic success, the majority of Kikuyus are well educated. Their dust. Nakuru County constitutes eleven constituencies: Nakuru Town ability to adapt to new realities has resulted in the Kikuyu, including East, Nakuru Town West, Bahati, Rongai, Subukia, Kuresoi North, those who live in the rural areas, adopting many aspects of modern Kuresoi South, Gilgil, Naivasha, Njoro and Molo. culture. Majority of people living in Nakuru County are Christians, with a small 2:14 NAKURU COUNTY 8 number of Muslims and Hindus being present in major towns. The Nakuru has a population of about 1,700,000 according to 2009 Kikuyu people speak Gikuyu; a language widely spoken across the census. Nakuru County constitutes eleven constituencies: Nakuru country even in major towns where a majority of people speak Town East, Nakuru Town West, Bahati, Rongai, Subukia, Kuresoi Kiswahili. On the other hand, Kalenjin community comprises several North, Kuresoi South, Gilgil, Naivasha, Njoro and Molo. Nakuru sub-tribes; Tugen, Nandi, Pokot, Keiyo, Kipsigis, Sabaot, Terik and borders seven counties; Laikipia to the north east, Kericho to the west, Marakwet - all speaking in Kalenjin language. Many Kikuyus and Narok to the south west, Kajiado to the south, Baringo to the north, Kalenjins also speak Kiswahili and English and are among the most Nyandarua to the east and Bomet to the west. educated ethnic groups in Kenya. Page | 21
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
Traditionally Kikuyus believed in a single god, called Ngai (the Khwisero, Ikolomani, Butere, Matungu, Navakholo, Lurambi, Malava, provider), living at the top of Mount Kenya, while the Kalenjins Likuyani and Lugari. Kakamega County is in the West and situated believed in a supreme god, Asis, who is represented in the form of the west of the Eastern Rift Valley, the county is inhabited mainly by the sun. The two communities have abandoned their traditional beliefs for Luhya people. It borders Nandi and Uasin Gishu to the east, Busia to Christianity. Christian denominations in Nakuru County include the the west, Vihiga to the south, Bungoma to the north, Siaya to the African Inland Church (AIC), Roman Catholic, the Anglican Church of south-west and Trans Nzoia to the north east. Kenya (ACK) and the Presbyterian Church of East Africa (PCEA). Kakamega was the scene of the gold rush of the late 1920s when the The name Nakuru means 'a dusty place' in the Maasai language in lure of golden wealth prompted British miners to establish a gold reference to frequent whirlwinds that engulf the area with clouds of mining centre in Rosterman village. The deposits, however, could not dust. Agriculture is the mainstay of Nakuru's economy. The county's sustain commercial mining and the mines were closed in 1930. weather is conducive for large-scale farming, horticulture and dairy Kakamega is renowned nationally for bullfighting events that are held farming. Food crops grown in Nakuru include maize, wheat, beans, annually in Ikolomani, Malinya and Sigalagala areas of the county. peas, cabbages, tomatoes, kales and carrots. The produce is The events see trained bulls engaging in fierce battle as locals blow consumed locally and sold to consumers in neighboring towns and horns to advance the fights that last about 30 minutes. The owners of cities. Some of the largest flower farms in the county include the champion bulls win cash prizes. Today, most people from the Homegrown, Oserian, Karuturi and Preesman. The bulk of flowers Luhya tribe are Christians; however, it is common to find some Luhyas grown in these farms are mainly exported to Holland, UK and mixing Christianity with aspects of African traditional religion. For Germany. Tourism is a major economic activity in Nakuru thanks to example, Dini ya Msambwa, a religion whose adherents are mostly the numerous tourist attractions such as craters, lakes, wildlife and Luhyas, uses portions of the bible for its doctrine while practicing birds. There are numerous manufacturing industries in Nakuru town traditional witchcraft at the same time. God, in Luhya language, is and urban centres, including wheat and maize flour processing plants. Nyasaye, a name borrowed from their Nilotic Luo neighbors.
2:15 KISII COUNTY 9 A majority of Luhyas (about 90%) are Christians who believe in Kisii County host 1,200,000 million people. Kisii County is a county in Nyasaye (The Almighty God) and ordinarily many Luhyas mix the former Nyanza Province in southwestern Kenya. Its capital and Christianity with features of traditional religion. For instance, largest town is Kisii. The county is inhabited mostly by the Gusii adherents of Dini ya Msambwa, a popular religious sect in Kakamega, people. Due to civilization, education and economic power, the Kisii follow some biblical teachings while practising witchcraft. people have undergone drastic cultural changes. Kisii was one of the few Kenyan tribes that practiced mandatory female circumcision. Other popular Christian denominations in Kakamega County include Although this ritual has since been outlawed, it still persists but is not the Friends Church, Pentecostal Church, AIC, Baptist Church and the as frequent as it was in the past. Kisii boys continue to be initiated into Roman Catholic Church. There is sizeable community of Muslims adulthood and into the Gusii as a group by circumcision. especially within Kakamega and Mumias towns. Traditionally, Luhya men were polygamous with men earning respect depending on the 80 percent of the Kisii are Christians, with a few still practicing their number of women they had married. This is because paying dowry for traditional religion. Gusii believed in a supreme god called Engoro, several wives required a man to be wealthy. Polygamy is quickly being whom they believed created the universe and was the source of all abandoned due to the high cost of living and as an attempt to curb life. Death was considered an "unnatural" event brought on by the spread of HIV/Aids. Male circumcision, which marks the transition witchcraft. Kisiis believed in medicine men and the spirits of their from childhood to adulthood, is an important ritual among the Luhya ancestors. Today, witchcraft is still feared in Kisii communities. Their community. home area is sandwiched between the Luo and Luhya tribes. Their highlands are also one of the most densely populated and fertile areas Traditional circumcision ceremonies are held every August and of Kenya. The Kisiis constitute the sixth largest ethnic group, December. Luhyas are great fans of sports, especially football and comprising about seven percent of the national population. traditional bullfighting. Economic Activities Agriculture is the main economic activity in Kakamega County. Large scale sugar farming, Kisii, which is their ethnic language, is also traditionally known as especially in the areas around Mumias, makes the county the Ekegusii. Their closest tribe among the Bantus is the Meru tribe, headquarters of Kenya's largest sugar production company ” Mumias almost similar language and culture. Today, more than 80 percent of Sugar Company. Small-scale farming is also practised widely in the Kisii are Christians, with a few still practicing their traditional Kakamega with farmers growing maize, beans, millet, sunflower, soya religion. Gusii believed in a supreme god called Engoro, whom they beans, groundnuts, cassava and other crops. believed created the universe and was the source of all life. Death was considered an "unnatural" event brought on by witchcraft. Kisiis Kakamega residents are exploring emerging opportunities in fishing believed in medicine men and the spirits of their ancestors. Today, and dairy/beef farming. The county government has established a witchcraft is still feared in Kisii communities. It shares common Sh80 million fish processing plant as part of its attempt to encourage borders with Nyamira County to the North East, Narok County to the fishing. Thanks to the rising population growth in the county's urban South and Homabay and Migori Counties to the West. centres, the demand for milk and meat has risen exponentially. This has seen dairy and beef farmers earning some decent profits. 2:16 KAKAMEGA COUNTY 10 Kakamega has several healthcare facilities spread across the county to Kakamega County, which is located in the former Western Province, is serve the local population. the second most populous county in Kenya after Nairobi with a population of about 1.7 million people. Kakamega County is divided into 12 constituencies; namely Mumias East, Mumias West, Shinyalu, Page | 22
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
Chapter 3 Facts Sheets Key Facts and Recommendations
3:1 Facts Sheet (1) Key Facts about men
1. 65% male population between 18-60 years experienced violence at some time in life equivalent to 5.8 million. 2. 50% of them experienced violence regularly in the last six months equivalent to 2.9 million. 3. 7 out of 10 men suffer domestic abuse and violence in their lifetime. 4. 3 out of 10 men suffer domestic abuse and violence regularly. 5. Males below ages 38 years are prone to domestic abuse and violence. 6. 6 males commit suicide daily equivalent to over 2,000 annually due to domestic abuse and violence related issues. 7. 8 out of 10 killings of married men are wife oriented. 8. 200 male’s loss their jobs on a daily basis due to domestic violence and abuse matters. 9. 65% of the male population with long term illness or disability suffers domestic abuse and violence regularly. 10. 23 men’s genitals were chopped off by women after a domestic quarrel in the last one year. 11. 319 cases were reported by January 2017 up from 296 reported in January 2016 countrywide. 12. The study showed that 90% of men do not report abuse due to stigma and mortification. 13. The study showed that the Constitution of Kenya is a Goddess since it is biased to the male gender. 14. In 10 couples 2 are divorced, 2 temporary separated, 2 permanently separated, 2 bachelors/spinsters, only 2 stable. 15. 80% of men don’t know how their employed wives spend their money since the husband foots about all family bills. 16. 60% of married men interviewed expressed that they had lost faith and trust in their wives and women. 17. 70% newlywed is after wealth and separate after siring, the child is used as bait for alimony and property division. 18. The study showed that 9 out of 10 married couples have never used a condom in their marriage. 19. 8 out of 10 men were not willing to marry a woman with a male boy but had no problem marring a woman with a girl. 20. The study showed that a majority of men in the work place have low self-esteem compared with women. 21. The study showed that 9 out of 10 married couples dated for less than one year before marriage. 22. The study showed that 80% of married men married women of the age 20 and 23 years. 23. The study showed that married men are more honest than their spouse. 24. The study showed 99% of male population have a loan or credit facility due to financial constraints. 25. The study showed that 70% of women exploit men and use sex as an exchange tool for money, gift and pledges. 26. 8% of the total married males in the civil service do not receive salary due to alimony attachments. 27. The study showed that 9 out of 10 career women are not married and have 1 or not more than two 2 children. 28. The study showed that the number of women who abuse alcohol is equal with the number of men today. 29. 30% of women used their husband’s I’d copy and family property for government loan without his consent. 30. 9 out of 10 men said vasectomy is similar to grievous Male Genital Mutilation [MGM] against men in the disguise of family planning and one cannot sire a child for life even after a case of separation, divorce or natural disaster. 31. Some men jailed in prisons for rapes, defilement, sexual offences and assaults were incriminated by the spouses. 32. 90% MGM survivors, infected with jiggers and physically abused were the worst hit by social exclusion as they were denied access to health services, public and places of worship as they were considered a disgrace to the society. 33. The study showed that women adamantly refuse to pay alimony to fathers living with their children. 34. The study showed that 8 out of 10 married men have not completed paying dowry to parents of their wives. 35. 80% of women inter- married with other communities are from the Kikuyu tribe. 36. Many women earned 40% others 80% more than men in the same job group as they have more negotiating powers. 37. Some male chiefs and their assistants were reported to collude with women to evict men in their matrimonial homes. 38. The study showed that some male chiefs and their assistants were reported to commit adultery with men’s wives. 39. 6 out of 10 men are sexual harassed at the work place where women dress skimpily, seduce men into sex for money. 40. 7 out of 10 men are polygamists where most of them hide the status due to fear of abuse from the first wife. 41. The study showed that the first wife was more violent and abusive than the other wives. 42. The study showed that 7 out of 10 men drink alcohol due to stress and nagging by their wives. 43. Women associated with witchcraft were religious and from women group who recruit innocent newlywed. 44. 8 out of 10 women who practice witchcraft carry weird substances in handbags i.e. alive or dead creatures like lizards or snakes, dangerous chemicals and weapons of aggression against their husbands. 45. 95% of street boys and girls and prostitutes are products of broken homes as a result of domestic violence and abuse.
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
3:2 Facts Sheet (2) Key Facts about Boys 1. 200 boys are raped or defiled daily countrywide and only less than 10 cases are reported. 2. 2 raped or defiled boy’s dropout of school daily due to stigma and threats by the perpetrators. 3. A majority of rapists are between 15 to 25 years, particularly 26 to 60 years who take advantage of innocent boys. 4. Nairobi, Kilifi and Kiambu Counties were leading in rapes and defilements of boys. 5. The study showed that most of the bullying in boy’s schools often leads to rape but survivors suffer in silence. 6. Rape against boys in schools, colleges, remand homes and prisons is higher than rape against girls and women. 7. 500,000 boys are dropouts and neglected countrywide either in menial jobs or living in the streets. 8. The study showed that over 50% boys in the arid and semi-arid areas have never enrolled in school and are livestock herders while most of them have been taught to handle weapons of war and engage in cattle rustling. 9. The study showed that quota system of education deters boys from accessing equal education opportunities. 10. Results of neglecting the boy are evident i.e. drugs, alcohol abuse, radicalization and gangs recruitment. 11. 300 boys are infected with HIV/AIDS while others end up with circumcision deformities due to uncontrolled circumcision ceremonies and festivals that put the boys to risk annually. 12. It showed that been a prefect in secondary school is a risky affair since 9 out of 10 receive death threats regularly. 13. Child labor, child trafficking and mortality rate of the boy child is higher than that of the girl. 14. Rape is rampant in boy’s boarding schools in comparison with girl’s schools where no case was reported. 15. The study showed that 99% of street children are males below 18 years countrywide. 16. 20% underage boys in juvenile homes are convicted of sexual relationship with girls between 14 and 18 years. 17. 3 out of 10 boys’ in secondary schools have been victims of rape by fellow boys. 18. 6 out of 10 boys in secondary schools abuse alcohol and smoke cigarettes. 19. 4 out of 10 boys in secondary schools smoke Bhangi (Marijuana), chew Miraa and kuber. 20. 9 out of 10 students watch pornography regularly in and out of school while some organize orgies during holidays. 21. Majority of prefects are awarded special privileges i.e. uniform, food, freedom to casual clothes and outings. 22. Some prefects in secondary schools own phones which they use to communicate with the teachers and outsiders. 23. 4 out of 10 prefects are drugs traffickers and have freedom to walk in and out of school without been searched. 24. Teachers are compromised by students and particularly prefects after been caught with cigarettes, bhang or alcohol since they have a lot of money which they source from students who bribe and buy drugs from them. 25. The study showed that cases of some teachers collaborating with prefects to sell drugs were reported. 26. It showed that the rampant schools arsons that are reported were perpetrated by teachers in cohorts with prefects. 27. Many students abuse drugs, alcohol or bhang 10 times more during holidays due to freedom and easy access. 28. The study showed that 8 out of 10 boys were note confident to talk to a girl due to inferiority complex 29. Day schools are prone to abusing and accessing drugs, alcohol and bhang than boys in boarding schools. 30. Cases of student torching prefect’s cubicles were reported where some had been burnt to death due to hatred. 31. The study showed that 9 out of 10 secondary school students are sexually active where boys use condom as a common HIV/AIDS prevention measure while girls use Post 2 pills as a common pregnancy deterrent. 32. 60% of boys are abused in learning institutions including universities are sexually and insulted with impunity by girls. 33. The study showed that 7 out of 10 parents preferred educating the girl above O level than the boy. 34. Male children dropouts at any given time stand at about 500,000 countrywide and are a time bomb. 35. The study revealed that there are no laws or policies that address abuse of Miraa by the under age. 36. 60% of boys are brought up by single mothers thus emulate artificial lifestyles and feminism behaviors. 37. Many boys fear girls and suffer from inferiority complex due of over protection of girls, threats, by tutors and parents. 38. Majority boys undergo torture wearing shorts and expressed discomfort in cold seasons and when sited amongst girls. 39. Most of the boys in primary schools don’t have underwear which affects their learning motivation. 40. Corporal punishment is rampant in boys’ schools reports of hands, heads, buttocks and back injuries after a merciless encounter with a teacher and mandated prefects was noted. 41. It was revealed that cases of boys been bullied and forced to sleep at night in the toilets were the norm in all schools. 42. Schools during enrollment force boys to take allegiance oath while they kneel down while weird and strange red liquid is poured on their head by prefects as a sign of keeping the happenings of the school secrets whatsoever. 43. Out of 10 boarding schools 7 are girl’s school; this trend by the government to build more girls boarding schools and transform mixed day schools to girls is a disadvantage to the boys and has resulted to unfair gender educational opportunities. 44. Bullying is not only practiced in schools but also extended at home during holidays where boys reported been abused by students of other schools and threatened with death in case of reporting to parents. 45. Cases of some prefects selling drugs in cohorts with some teachers were rampant where the proceeds were shared. 46. Most of the bullying happens during opening days where in most of the schools, students are forced by prefects in cohorts with some teachers to pay (toll) of between Kshs50 to as high as Kshs300 to their prefects who share with some teachers.
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
3:3 Facts Sheet (3) Other Key Facts about men and boys 1. The leading county in emotional abuse among the 10 selected counties was 1. Nairobi 2. Kiambu 3. Kakamega 4. Nakuru 5. Homa Bay 6. Meru 7.Kilifi 8. Kisii 9. Machakos with Nyeri County number 10. 2. The leading county in economical and physical abuse among the 10 selected counties was 1. Nairobi 2. Kiambu 3. Meru 4. Homa Bay 5. Nakuru 6. Kakamega 7.Kilifi 8. Kisii 9. Machakos with Nyeri County number 10.
3:4 Dropout rate in order of prevalence 1. An estimated 500,000 boys are dropouts and others survive in major towns countrywide in the last one year 2. Nairobi County at 10.5% with over 35,000 boys. 3. Kilifi County at 9.8% with over 13,500 boys 4. Nakuru County at 8.9% with over 12,500 boys 5. Meru County at 8.2% with about 11,500 boys 6. Homa Bay County 7.5% with about 11,000 boys 7. Kiambu County 6.3% with about 10,500 boys 8. Kisii County 5.8% with over 9,000 boys 9. Machakos County 5.2 % with over 8,000 boys 10. Kakamega County 4.8% with over 7,500 boys 11. Nyeri County 4.2% with over 4,000 boys
3:5 Rapes and defilements in order of prevalence 1. An estimated 73,000 boys countrywide were raped and defiled during the last one year. 2. Nairobi with an average of 4,400 boys 3. Kilifi County has an average of 2,200 boys 4. Kiambu County has an average of 1,800 boys 5. Meru County has an average of 1,600 boys 6. Homa Bay County has an average of 1,400 boys 7. Nakuru County has an average of 1,200 boys 8. Kisii County has an average of 1,000 boys 9. Machakos County has an average of 800 boys 10. Kakamega County has an average of 600 boys 11. Nyeri County has an average of 400 boys
3:6 Boda boda key facts 1. 2 out of 10 boda boda riders are boys below 18 years and operate in rural areas where there is no police traffic. 2. 9 out of 10 people interviewed had a boda boda relative accident survivor who was left physically disabled. 3. The study revealed that a majority of casualties were male youths of between ages 15 to 24 years. 4. 3 out of 10 people interviewed had a relative or family member who had died after a boda boda accident. 5. 90% boda boda riders have body marks and motor bikes have dents as a result of regular accidents. 6. 50% of the physically challenged people are in that state as a result of a boda boda accident. 7. 2 out of 10 boda boda riders are criminals who terrorize residents at night due to fast mobility. 8. 90% of boda boda riders are victims of sexual advances and harassment from female passengers due to the seating of passengers who support themselves by encircling the waist of raiders sometimes leading to avoidable accidents. 9. Boda boda transport introduction came with increased domestic violence and infidelity to unprecedented levels. 10. It noted that most boda boda’s break traffic laws with impunity and carry between 2 to 5 excess passengers. 11. It faulted statistics by Transport Safety Authority (TSA) are by far underestimated since most of the accidents are not reported at the police station due to lack of road licenses while majority are slightly injured contrary to TSA. 12. It estimated fatalities at 1000 cyclist/passengers, 2000 seriously injured, 3000 slightly injured in 2016 countrywide. 13. The study estimated accidents projections caused by boda boda’s in 10 years will be disastrous with the figures tripling since more and more motor bikes are been imported at the expenses of people’s lives. 14. The study showed that survivors of road accidents are forgotten by the government and proposed the creation of Road Accidents Survivors Fund (RASF) and also register all road accidents survivors in order to empower them with income generating activities and offset hospital bills which are very high, it is a fact that many road accident victims end up selling properties, thus are reduced to paupers and potential bachelors and spinsters.
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
3:7 Facts Sheet (4) Key Recommendations for the male gender 1. UN is biased on violence against men and boys and should redefine the words ‚Rape‛, ‚Sexual Intercourse‛ and ‚Domestic Violence‛ to suit and be in tandem with violence against the male gender due to the following reasons:- a) Sexual Intercourse is defined as ‚penetration of the penis into the vagina until orgasm‛ meaning that ‚penetration into the anus of a man is not addressed as intercourse.‛ b) Rape is defined as ‚the crime of forcing a person to submit to sexual intercourse against his or her will.‛ In this case ‚forcing a person to submit to sexual intercourse with another man is not addressed as assault against the victim.‛ c) Domestic Violence definition by the UN does not include domestic violence against men. The UN in 2006 published a definition of violence against women that reiterated and defined the definition: - "Any act of gender based violence that is directed against a woman, because she is a woman, or violence that affects women disproportionately. It includes acts that inflict physical, mental or sexual harm or suffering, threats of such acts, coercion and other deprivations of liberty". Interestingly, again the male gender in this redefinition was still not featured which shows discrimination against males. 2. The study recommends for UN legislation of an International Act against Drug Abuse. 3. The study recommends the UN to create a UN Men Fund-UNMF to empower disadvantaged men worldwide. 4. The study recommends the UN to create a UN Men Platform similar to UN Women to address male gender matters. 5. The study recommends the UN to declare Gender Violence and abuse an international disaster. 6. Sexual Offences Act 2006 of Kenya does not cover rape by men against men, it states in part (II) Section 3 that ‚A man commits offence of rape if he has sexual intercourse with a woman‛ In order to equally expedited justice to men and boys victims, it should read ‚A man commits the offence of rape if he has sexual intercourse with a woman or a man‛ 7. Homosexuality is unlawful and is sexual intercourse; it should be classified as rape by the Sexual Offences Act. 8. Rape or defilement by men against men and boys should be gazetted as a crime of rape and carry the same sentence as rape or defilement against females by also amending the Sexual Offences Act 2006 9. It recommends the government to allow prisoners to enjoy conjugal rights and create a family visiting day. 10. The study recommends the amendment of the Constitution of Kenya Section 100 that declares in bracket that only women are marginalized their by discriminating men who fall in the same bracket. 11. Abolish Women County Representatives WCR as this is doubled representation of the women at the expense of men. 12. The study recommends to the government to create a Men’s Bank [MB] to empower disadvantaged men. 13. The study recommends the government to create a Family Fund FF for equal gender empowerment access. 14. The study recommends for legislation of Homosexuality Prohibition Bill. 15. The study recommends to the government to ban the Women Enterprise Fund [WEF] and Uwezo Fund or transform them into a Family Fund [FF] so as to cater for the whole family as a unit with the husband and wife sharing equal access and responsibility on loans and default, men above 35 years who have no income activities are discriminated and therefore will place them at par with empowered wife. 16. It recommends couples to sign a written agreement before siring a child to avoid court battles, DNA and alimony disputes. 17. The study recommends the government to stop recruitment of women in the armed forces since it is done at the expense of men and security, women recruited in the armed forces are not sent to volatile areas like Somali etc. 18. That no married woman/man should be allowed to take any government loan without the consent of the other. 19. The study proposed formation of Single Parents Empowerment Fund [SPEF] for single mothers and single fathers. 20. To establish Gender Crisis Centers [GCC] with qualified counselors to serve both genders in every County Ward. 21. It recommends the government to establish Safe Homes, Rescue Centers and Hotlines in all constituencies and Counties. 22. Ban chiefs and their assistants to desist from handling domestic violence matters, the mandated of handling domestic disputes should not be downplayed by the government by allowing this officers to mingle with sensitive marriage issues without due qualification or mechanism of solving the problems. 23. Men, women or children from families prone to gender violence should be taken care in safe homes through the GVEF at no extra charge including caring and establishing homes for abandoned children in the streets in every County 24. Male Genital Mutilation [MGM] should be classified in the same category as of attempted murder where the punishment is stiff so as to serve as a deterrent to other offenders, to prevent and stop chopping off male genitals. 25. Ban vasectomy and only allow on medical grounds since it is equal to terrorism and can wipe out mankind if allowed to be practiced since one cannot sire a child for life even after a case of natural disaster, separation or murder. 26. The study recommends the government to introduce a Marriage Contract Bill MCB. 27. The study recommends the government to create a Ministry of Family Affairs (FA) under a Cabinet Secretary to manage family matters efficiently as the key Ministry to foster peace and reconciliation. 28. It recommends the government to ban women from sitting in the front seat next to the driver in PSV vehicles as a measure to curb accidents; many women are indecently dressed and distract concentration, putting passengers to risk. 29. It recommends the government to ban and declare boda boda transport a disaster in waiting as the top road killer. 30. Transformation of widows and children pension fund to widows, widowers and children pension fund to help men too.
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
3:8 Facts Sheet (5) Key Recommendations for boys
1. This study results classified male child abuse and neglect a National Disaster and a time bomb. 2. The study called on the government to urgently create an affirmative action for the boychild. 3. It recommends the government to ban transformation of schools to girls and invest on building boys schools. 4. The study recommends the government to legislate a Boy Girl Fund BGF that will equally benefit them as all have special needs and equal rights as children. 5. To ban school prefects since they are manipulated by teachers at the expense of their education. 6. The government should ban the use of mobiles in schools by students since they are a security threat. 7. The study recommends the government to legislate a law to ban Miraa chewing by underage. 8. Legislation of adoption laws that will equally benefit orphaned boys as they are discriminated by foster parents. 9. Ban all traditional and archaic ways of circumcisions since they are outdated and should be replaced by healthy methods in health centers. Traditions have continued holding onto retrogressive cultural practices like circumcision with a single knife increasing the rate of HIV infection and penis deformities among the boy child. 10. It recommends the government to ban circumcision festivals during school calendar or a month before national exams which is done at the expense of education and has adverse effects to learner’s and candidates. 11. The study recommends the government to declare circumcision free of charge to all boys and ban wearing shorts in schools and instead wear trousers since shorts are colonial and a disadvantage to boys in primary since most don’t have innerwear thereby affecting their moral. 12. The study recommends that the government should employ salaried professional counselors in all learning institution and introduce examinable subjects in order to empower and motivate students morally. 13. The government should introduce suggestion boxes as mandatory for parents and students at strategic places in all primary, secondary, colleges and universities in order to avert strikes and property destruction. 14. To create a disciplinary office in all schools with qualified disciplinary teacher and counselor to attend students. 15. The study recommends the UN to display gender equity by considering the needs and challenges of the boy child by ceding to our Honorable request to mark June 11 annually as International Day of the Boy child [IDBC] as launched by MAWE in the 2014 to be marked worldwide. 16. It recommends the government to ban Quota system of education since it is outdated in this 21st Century. 17. It recommends the government to legislate Betting Games Laws that will ban under 18 years and ban songs or videos that are abusive, intimidate and demoralize either gender. 18. The government should distribute under wares to boys in primary schools for free as a motivation program. 19. It recommends the government to introduce Physical and Sex Education PSE in schools from form 1 to 4. 20. The study recommends the government to address civil rights of junior youths by lowering the effective age of identification requirement to 16 years as senior teenagers in order to access their fundamental rights including access to modern technology, property acquisition, right to give evidence in court, driving, participate in general elections, access to PIN and banking, health schemes, telecommunication and other modern requirements. 21. It should promote programs and events that motivate boys for potential enrichment as young adults. 22. Government and parents to be vigilant in protecting their sons against rapists and to look for any signs of bullying or sexual abuse i.e. change of walking, change of behavior, unknown friendships and gifts from strangers and or pornographic materials etc. 23. The government to ban sending student’s home for fees since boy’s schools are the most affected by the frequent learning disruptions at the expense of education. 24. It recommends the government to deploy 2 armed police in all boarding schools as a prevention act to curb arson and install CCTV in all schools and particularly classes, dormitories and toilets to monitor student’s action and curb cases of rape, insecurity and drug abuse in secondary schools.
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
3:9 General findings on gender and domestic abuse against men:- 23. The study showed that elderly men above ages 65 years are more venerable to abuse than women of the same age. 1. 80% of men who are regularly and physically abused 24. Women use children born out of wedlock as bait to exploit men predominantly reported that their genitals were pulled, by demanding exorbitant alimony expenses. squeezed with impunity and denied conjugal rights by wives. 25. The study showed that media fraternity is biased on Violence 2. The study showed that 40% of abused men reported health against Male Gender in comparison with females. problems included psychological issues i.e. suicidal ideation, 26. The study showed that a majority of men are generous than fear, tension, depression, drugs, substance and alcohol abuse women while a majority of women are very mean. addiction symptoms i.e. high blood pressure, hypertension, 27. The study showed that majority men forgive and forget in prostate cancer, physical ailments, poor economic output etc. comparison with women who don’t forgive and never forget. 3. It showed that 70% of the men who were abused reported that 28. The study showed that the worst day of the year for men is their phones were regularly scrutinized by their wives and Valentine’s Day as women take advantage to economically sometimes forced to leave behind when going to work. manipulate and exploit men with heavy demands; men proposed 4. 9 out of 10 men victims of witchcraft have no say in their homes it should be known as Male Exploitation Day. and are regularly abused physically and denied conjugal rights. 29. 15% of males in the civil service receive half salaries due to true 5. The study showed that men who physically abuse women were or fake alimony allegations by their estranged wives or considered week cowards and follow retrogressive culture and girlfriends and do not report for fear of losing their jobs. were at risks of facing domestic violence in their old age as 30. The study showed that 5 out of 10 men have no say or revenge where some are starved to death, denied medication, contribution on family planning matters of their family. disrespected by children and faces regular abuse and violence. 31. It showed 9 out of 10 wealthy men have less than 3 children. 6. It showed that 3 out of 10 men witchcraft victims are severely 32. The study showed that 8 out of 10 families whose income is affected health wise where many are docile due to effects. below average have more than 5 children. 7. The highest level of abuse of women against men that was 33. Majority of poor families have more than 6 children. reported by about all men was insults, humiliation and denial of 34. 70% of Muslim community families have more than 5 children conjugal rights with 95% of abused men been victims. 35. It showed majority of Somali families have more than 8 children. 8. The study revealed that 95% of men who are unemployed, 36. A majority of men who went to report to police ended up been retired, sacked or not empowered economically and or have no arrested instead of the woman and charged with assault. incomes are frequently henpecked and abused by their wives 37. That no married woman/man should be allowed to take any particularly in public or in the presence of visitors at home. government loan without the consent of the other and most 9. Women were the cause of most domestic disputes due to their likely physical appearance should be necessary. prolonged way in solving matters compared with men. 38. Government’s funds have caused a sharp increase in the rate of 10. 65% of the men survivors of domestic violence interviewed were separations, divorce, homicides and suicides by irate husbands stigmatized in the time of doing the research. after their property is auctioned while others are left with 11. 60% of males working in cooperate businesses are regularly children after they decamp off with the money. abused sexually by their female counterparts. 39. A majority of women who are successful after accessing 12. 70% of men foreigners living in the coastal region in Kenya are government loans buy and register their property and business in victims of domestic abuse and violence while half of them are their mothers or sisters names with their husbands having no abused regularly by their foreign counterpart wives or African right to inherit such property in case of death. women married to foreigners. 40. Majority of men said that women empowerment groups are the 13. 70% of female politicians are divorced, separated or single. major cause of family disputes due to bad influence of some 14. 80% educated career women are single, separated or divorced. members who were single, divorced and or separated. 15. Rampant schools arsons that are reported were perpetrated by 41. A majority of men who have undergone vasectomy operation are teachers in cohorts with prefects, reasons why there were no stigmatized for the rest of their lives and were either threatened casualties as expected with many fire accidents. with separation by their wives, blackmailed or seduced with 16. Women of particularly college education are highly eligible for handouts according to the study. marriage according to the study. 42. The study showed that a majority of men would wish to engage 17. Women who do not get married after college level of education in a Marriage Contract rather than bound themselves with a legal have difficulty in getting a partner after 24 years of age. marriage that is not sure to last as they said that all women are 18. 80% of married men married women of the age 20 and 23 years; potential male abusers and this will work as an exit to freedom these women easily adapt to any mode of life and don’t suffer after realizing that the woman is violent. from superiority complex common to women of higher 43. Out of 10 people infected with jiggers 7 were males and the educational standards or above 24 years. extent of jigger attack was not limited to toes and hands but also 19. The study showed that 4 out of 10 personal vehicles and buttocks and genitals were severely afflicted while a majority of businesses in all selected counties are women owned. women were afflicted on the toes and few on the hands. 20. The study showed that men living in the urban area are prone to 44. 50% of women were optimistic that beating a man is culturally domestic abuse more than those in the rural areas. wrong and they would rather divorce. 21. The study showed that some women preferred their husbands 45. 20% women justifiable male battery if the husband is alcoholic, being drank so that they can manipulate them as they proved irresponsible, unfaithful or unsatisfactory sexual relation. easier to give out money when drank than sober. 46. 95% of men were against male battery and said that it is un- 22. The study showed that only 1 out of 10 men landed in the job or Godly, bad omen and a curse to perpetrators. career of his dream contrary to what they said they wanted to be 47. 5% males justified male battery to irresponsible and alcoholic when in primary or secondary school. men as a disciplinary measure. Page | 28
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
48. Forming blood relationships between different ethnic groups will 8. Corporal punishment is rampant in boy’s schools; prefects too both reduce ethnic tension, animosity among communities since were given the mandated to punish fellow students. domestic violence within inter-marriages was limited. 9. Counseling funds are mismanaged; schools are not 49. 7 out of 10 women have carried an abortion in their lifetime accountable and allow unqualified persons to lecture. where many had terminated pregnancy more than twice. 10. Cases of prefects grades been inflated and eating special diet 50. It showed that women are the worst children abusers through of meat and eggs in schools was reported. real or fake punishments, biased to boys, discriminating children 11. Male rape victims are left traumatized and stigmatized while according to which parent the child has been named, murdering, many infected with HIV/AIDS with nowhere to report. abandoning them in the streets, abortion, child trafficking, 12. The study showed that parents are to blame on the rampant throwing them to pit latrines, poisoning, starvation, struggling to bullying in schools since they encourage their boys to be death and abusing children who are not biologically theirs etc. courageous and bare the pains without reporting ignorant of 51. It showed men are generally spendthrifts and end up using their what exactly the boys are going through. money on unessential things i.e. alcohol while women are 13. 70% survivors are not aware of places to report rape ordeal generally thrifty and careful with money, reason why the mama due to stigma and threats by the perpetrators after been held ‘mboga’ is able to sustain a small business and live out of it. hostage overnight and or abducted for days or weeks. 52. HIV/AIDS positive and prostate cancer men were discriminated 14. Lack of boy’s special programs, government and parent’s laxity in employment and medical access in comparison with women. is the major cause of moral breakdown in boy’s schools. 53. Drug abuse in Kenya and particularly the coast region should be 15. In comparison with the girl, the boy is subjected to adverse classified as a National Disaster, the National and County discrimination considering that the UN has set an government including the UN should address the vice. ‚International Day of the Girl child‛ [IDGC] that is marked 54. No research has been done on social and economic status of the annually and non for boys. male gender in order to classify them as empowered naturally. 16. 8 out of 10 boys in secondary schools were aware of 55. The study showed that 99% NGOs and stakeholders focus on radicalization and were introduced to cigarette and bhang building capacity on women and ignore the interest of men. smoking, alcohol and drug abuse while in form one by other 56. MAWE is the only Male Rights Defender [MRD] in Kenya while boys in the upper classes as a form of bullying. other NGO’s rely on defending women and girls rights. 17. It showed that current secondary schools cannot produce 57. Government gender offices both national and counties are mature boys since they lack motivation programs to empower designed to represent females at the expense of males since all and equip the boys to be confident young male adults. these offices coincidentally are headed by women countrywide 18. Cases of prefects forcing boys to bath them were rampant. due to the ill assumption that ‚gender‛ means women only. 19. Prefects having lover boys and raping them was rampant. 58. Government and NGOs funded girls and women refuge centers 20. Reports of senior boys forcing their juniors to carry with then or safe homes are over 150 in Kenya while there is not a single pornographic materials during opening days were rampant. refuge or safe home for boys or men countrywide which should 21. Nakuru County leading in boys who have never enrolled in not be the case, this difference shows women have advanced in school with 2 out of 10 boys. knowledge of laws and services while men lag behind. 22. The study revealed that the major cause of upsurge of crimes 59. Muslims have forums of addressing GBV matters in Mosques in in Kenya including ethnic, civil, cattle rustling, terrorism, comparison with Christians who don’t have such in Churches. unstable and war torn nations, sexual abuse, robbery and 60. Housewives and teachers were mentioned as caring and faithful. social ills is as a result of boy child discrimination and neglect 61. 15% male’s equivalent to about 30,000 Christian religious male by government in the country and worldwide. leaders are emotionally abused while approximately half of them 23. 1 out of 10 boys in primary schools in class 8 abuse alcohol, are physically abused regularly by their wives countrywide. chew Miraa and smoke cigarettes 62. 2% male Muslim religious leaders estimated at 1,400 24. 9 out of 10 boys living in the streets abuse drugs and sniff glue. countrywide are emotionally and physically abused while half of 25. 70% of boys had low self-esteem and feared girls and would them are regularly abused by their wives. not wish to marry because of the way girls are accorded more care, over protection by the parents, tutors including 3:10 General findings on abuse and violence against boys:- punishment threats if seen talking to girls in schools. 1. 50% of perpetrators were HIV/AIDS positive and serial rapists 26. 99% of current music exalts and motivates the female gender who infect innocent boys intentionally. unfairly and portrays the male gender as violent, aggressive, 2. Rape among boys is prevalent since results showed an average murderer, criminal, terrorist and female abuser. of 73,000 rapes and defilements in one year countrywide. 27. It showed that the maximum penalty when caught with drugs 3. It was revealed that rape among boys is ignored and a majority in schools is 2 weeks expulsion; very few are expelled for good. of perpetrators are not arrested due to gaps in the laws. 28. The study also showed that 20% of vehicle road accidents are 4. Some prefects are given excess freedom where they go out to due to indecency by women sited next to the driver and nude clubs on Saturdays and report back on Sundays. advertisements of women in billboards which causes 5. 80% rape survivors are young boys between ages 10 and 16 distraction leading to avoidable accidents. years and suffer in silence due to lack of awareness campaigns 29. Boda boda passenger transport has proven to be the leading on rape against males and unaware of services available such cause of deaths and casualties and has contributed to the as rescue centers or safe homes. upsurge of accidents in the country where the most affected 6. 90% primary schools are not gender represented since they are the junior youths aged 16 to 27 years. have more female teachers than males 30. It showed that fatalities in this county during the last year 7. Many boys lack role models as some end up been taught by were between 15 and 20 while serious injuries were between female teachers throughout primary level. 30 and 40 and minor injuries were 50 to 60 people. Page | 29
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
31. It showed that only 1 out of 10 slightly injured people report 8. It recommends the government to invest in long term prevention to police while others solve out of traffic presence in order to strategies by introduction of Gender and Cultural Studies [GCS] save time spent in waiting for traffic police in the rural areas. as an integral part of the school curriculum as a way to curb 32. It showed that many people did not die on the spot but later in prevalence through knowledge enrichment at an early stage. hospitals in the process of saving lives and it is likely that these 9. It recommends the government to establish a Gender Based deaths are not factored or reported to the traffic officers later. Violence Fund [GBVF], complaint desks in all county wards or 33. The study showed that only 4 out of 10 seriously injured constituencies, and training programs for service providers, etc. people report to the police either because the cyclist did not 10. The study recommends the government to introduce rigorous have a road licenses or insurance cover. evaluations of these interventions that would allow policymakers 34. Boda boda sector has created more problems than it solves and practitioners to identify what works, gaps that needs to be and blamed the government for not addressing the menace. addressed and which pilot activities should be scaled up. 35. Kilifi County registered far lower figures of tuk tuk fatalities 11. It recommends government to urgently establish Gender where it was the most preferable mood of transport in Violence Elimination Fund [GVEF]as a springboard to support comparison with Kisii County and cater for GBV survivors from both genders 36. 80% households, there was a survivor of a motorbike accident, 12. It recommends the government to create a Victims’ Trust Fund most of them youthful men between ages 16-24 years. [VTF] that will help GBV survivors and strengthen the policy role 37. The study showed that 6 out of 10 passengers were ridden of the National Gender and Equality Commission [NGEC] and carelessly and over speeded even after telling the rider to serve as a monitor to oversee gender related challenges. slow. It recommends the government to introduce boda boda 13. The study recommends the government to create Gender speed limit governors of 40kph and or replace boda boda’s Courts-GC in order to hear family and gender related matters i.e. with three wheel motor bikes (tuk tuk) which are safer in domestic and gender based violence cases, rape, defilement, speed, comfort, and seating without compromising driver. sexual offences, and inheritance and divorce cases in privacy. 14. Formulation of GVEF affords a unique opportunity to push issues 3:11 Proposed recommendations to the United Nations (UN) of GBV even higher on the political and policy agendas. 1. UN to declare alcohol and drug abuse an international disaster. 15. The study recommends the government that empirical data on 2. UN to create Universal Children Protection Law-[UCPL] the context, frequency and prevention factors of GBV has until 3. It recommends the UN legislation of Universal Education now been inadequate and GVEF will be a one stop resource Curriculum UEC since the world is now a global village. Centre to fund researches on GBV in both genders. 4. The study recommends to the UN to revisit the renowned King 16. The study recommends the government to establish a National Herod and Pharaoh Boys Massacre in the Bible where hundreds Plan of Action [NPA] as a vision that should be geared towards a of boy’s infants up to 2 years were drowned and slaughtered gender violence free society for a determined period of time say mercilessly after a politically motivated decree. The UN should 5 years and should seek to initiate solutions to wipe out GBV. file a criminal case against the key suspects in The Hague and 17. The study recommends the government that government open prosecution charges to King Pharaoh and Herod institutions such as National Gender & Equality Commission posthumously in order for boys worldwide to feel a sense of NGEC, and NHRC should be powered fully with resources in justice and security on earth. Exodus 1:22 states Then Pharaoh order to promote gender equality expeditiously without strain gave this order to all his people: ‚Every Hebrew boy that is born since their effectiveness is constrained by inadequate researches you must throw into the Nile, but let every girl live.‛ and Mathew and lack of capacity to address the structural causes of GBV. 2: 16 states When Herod saw that he had been outwitted he was 18. The study recommends the government that NPA should be used filled with rage. Sending orders, he put to death all boys in as a national database on GBV information management system Bethlehem and its vicinity who were two years old . and should be established under the office of National Gender 5. The study recommends to the Pope to apologize for the church’s and Equality Commission NGEC and the data base will define role in King Pharaoh and Herod boys Massacre where hundreds duties and obligations of the state and stakeholders. of boys were butchered and drowned. 19. The study recommends the government that gender and social inclusion; gender mainstreaming and empowerment, including 3:12 Proposed recommendations to the Kenya Government gender-based budgeting have occupied an important place in 1. The study recommends the government for introduction of the national agenda. The National Plan of Action (NPA) will also Gender and Culture Education GCE in the curriculum. accelerate prosecution and enhance prevention. 2. The study recommends for legislation of a Decency Bill. 20. The study recommends the government that NPA will work to 3. To introduce Sports qualifications Diplomas and Degrees. introduced hospital-based, one-stop crisis management centers 4. It recommends the government that GCC should be operated by for casualties in all constituencies, with service centers experts and not police officers, chiefs or administration officers established for survivors of GBV. but they can be involved later where necessary. 21. There are many obstacles to effective implementation of laws 5. GCC will encourage GBV survivors from both genders to freely and policies promoting men’s empowerment. i.e. domestic report incidences of violence without necessarily involving the violence is treated as a personal criminal case, which means that state and therefore remove the stigma in victims. somebody has to file her own case to police, or the court. 6. GCC will serve as a platform for GBV prevalence data base 22. Government should make divorce proceedings easier for gender countrywide and be a resource shop to map out strategies. victims with full compensation and inheritance rights addressed. 7. Government should introduce a framework to define 23. It recommends the government to introduce a Working Plan development of both genders annually on regard to Policy [WPP] to create conducive working environment between unemployment, education, alcohol abuse since affirmative stakeholders and create opportunities for greater co-operation action is constitutionally for the less privileged without bias. between officials, organizations and individuals combating GBV. Page | 30
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
24. Government and NGOs service providers to work together to 10. 90% females who were abused by their spouses or partners develop standards of care for GBV victims without bias and received direct or indirect support from women organizations create protocols that guarantee confidentiality. compared to none of the males in similar circumstances which 25. Government to stop discriminating the males which factors have showed that women are enlightened on services. ended up fueling animosity in families and upsurge of GBV. 11. Women empowerment organizations, girl child and women 26. Government should monitor all schools since corporal rights groups in Kenya are about 400 as opposed to male which is punishment is practiced on boys in comparison with girls. only one by the name MAWE that has managed to create 27. The study recommends the government to introduce Gender awareness on gender violence against males which is low. Crisis Centers in schools since gender violence is rampant. 12. Government lacks economic empowerment programs for men 28. Government should legislate laws that will benefit the male above 35 years while women enjoy tax payer’s kitties through youths equally with females in employment opportunities. Uwezo Fund, Women Fund and women banks with zero interest 29. It recommends the government to legislate a Fetus Disposal Bill loans while men above 35 years have none. This is as a result of FDB to monitor child deaths in maternity hospitals since child successful awareness campaigns for women and girls rights. trafficking and mortality rate of the boy is higher than the girl. 13. Girls continue enrolling in universities with unequal marks with 30. It recommends the government should establish a Boys and Girls boys raising their number above unfairly because of the Upbringing Policy Guideline [BGUPG] as part of the curriculum governments (Quota system of education) affirmative action has in order to mold them as young adults at an early stage. reached its diminishing returns and must be reconsidered. 31. It recommends parents to be responsible in bringing up children 14. The primary focus on domestic abuse and violence should not be in matters of discipline and education without gender bias. wish or wish gender but should focus on the perpetrator of the 32. The study recommends the government to introduce special crime, more emphasis is directed to the abused women whereas programs that revolve on talent search and motivation since abused men are ignored or not considered at all. most of the students end form 4 in a state of confusion not 15. Government lacks programs to empower boys and men in knowing which course or career to choose where many of them comparison with girls and women due to the fact that everyone end up losing hope and further education and turn out to be beliefs that the female is the weaker sex and marginalized which school leavers who cannot either be employed in any sector. is due to the high levels of rights awareness campaigns. 33. Men should take advantage of drinking joints by transforming 16. It is a fact that males suffer discrimination at the expense of them into mini men parliaments where they can share marital females due to lack of awareness of laws and services. problems and solutions instead of wallowing in silence. 17. Life expectancy rate amongst males today has fallen drastically 34. It recommends the government to introduce boda boda speed due to many factors including, lack of rights awareness gender limit governors of 40kph and or replace boda boda’s with three abuse and violence that leads to stress related disorders i.e. wheel motor bikes (tuk tuk) which are safer in speed, comfort, mental illness, diabetes, hypertension, alcoholism etc. and seating without compromising driver. 18. In contrast to the females, constant nagging and stressful marriages has robbed off men, self-esteem leading to constant 3:13 Key Recommendations on Knowledge of Laws/Services abuse and economic battles which they inevitably loose due to 1. 81% males were not aware of any laws that address VAMB but demoralization borne out of lack rights awareness and services. most were unable to state the exact content of the laws and also 19. The social stigma associated with female induced domestic thought that they are meant for women. abuse and violence no longer counts. 2. 3% of men in the FGD-level surveys were aware that rape within 20. Many men are freely speaking out about ordeals they go through marriage is illegal which shows lack of knowledge of laws. under cruel hands of violent women as a result of awareness 3. 11% were aware of specific laws against domestic violence. campaigns by MAWE. 4. Only 19% were aware of services available to survivors of VAMB 21. Government lacks forums and policies to rehabilitate boys and but many were unable to name specific services. men from psychological and social disorder whereas there are 5. 85% men were not aware of gender desk at the police stations or countless programs and funding for girls and women in public hospitals dedicated to handling GBV cases due to lack countrywide which is a fact that portrays continued male of awareness campaigns and apathy when it comes to reporting suffering due to lack of knowledge of laws and services. since male cases are not handled with seriousness. 22. The social stigma associated with female induced domestic 6. 80% of people had a misconception that ‘gender’ means women abuse and violence no longer counts. Many men are freely due to lack of knowledge of laws and interpretation. speaking out about ordeals they go through under cruel hands of 7. 20% people questioned had a misconception that domestic violent women as a result of awareness campaigns by MAWE. abuse and violence only affects women and not men which leads 23. Government lacks forums and policies to rehabilitate boys and to many men suffering in silent due to lack of knowledge of laws. men from psychological and social disorder whereas there are 8. 90% people questioned had a misconception that domestic countless programs and funding for girls and women abuse and violence is only actual physical assault but not countrywide which is a fact that portrays continued male emotional or economic abuse due to the fact that there are no suffering due to lack of knowledge of laws and services. awareness campaigns for men in comparison with the women who are conversant with different types of domestic abuse. 9. The study revealed that MAWE handles immense number of phone calls according to the office data base, approximately 80 to 100 per day and also makes innumerable house calls throughout the country through its extension staff which shows lack of institutionalized avenues of reporting and also showed that MAWE has been a solution to many abused men. Page | 31
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
4:2 Overview and extent of violence against males in Kenya Violence against men is an epidemic and a widespread problem in all counties of Kenya. The abuse of men in armed conflict is rooted in a culture of discrimination that denies men equal status with women. Social, political and religious norms identify men including the male child as a tool of war, while women conflate chastity with family honor, and legitimize violence against men. Men’s financial dependence, social status and lack of legal support render them vulnerable to abuse. No published research exists on the prevalence of men who are maimed or lose their life in war infested areas i.e. tribal conflicts, political instigated violence, during rights Chapter 4 demonstrations and in their cause of searching for food for their families.
Its social context or responses by the service sector, small-scale Impact on Gender and Domestic studies have been limited in scope and details i.e. The Gender Audit of the CIPEV Report [Waki Commission Report] The Kiliku Report, The Violence against men and Boys Akiwumi Report and Truth and Justice Reconciliation Commission TJRC which dealt much on violence against women and children and failed to analyze what men went through during the post-election 4:1 Domestic Violence violence including young men being thrown to the rivers and killed In its broadest definition, domestic violence cannot and is not and buried in secret mass graves in disguise that they were members restricted to females. The male gender is equally afflicted and is a of illegal gangs. victim of social, economic discrimination and manipulation, as well as physical, sexual and emotional abuse and violence. In our study, we In the absence of comprehensive, robust and comparable data, justice have used this broader set of definitions to look at the range of statistics, or evidence from case law, display a partial picture of extent experiences of violence that men face. Violence against men in its and nature of violence against men. A majority of men do not report broadest sense can occur throughout men’s lives, irrespective of their incidents, and many criminal justice systems have difficulty in bringing class, social status, race, religion, nationality or any other defining offenders to account and accurately serving the needs and rights of features of the word violence. victims. The advent of gender equality movement of the 1980,s is the starting point on gender role imbalance, thus tilting to favor the The study showed that 7 out of 10 men are abused during their female gender. In the succeeding decades governments have enacted lifetime, while about 200 boys report having been raped. Violence unequal empowerment programs towards the female gender against men that occurs in the domestic sphere is perpetrated by their reducing the role of the male gender in decision making. intimate partners, including spouses, is the major particular problem, with between 15% and 35% of men worldwide reporting physical 4:3 Male gender is under siege domestic violence in their lifetime. Male gender is under siege from societal values and economic aspects. Government institutions and programs to underscore the Violence against male gender is a subcategory of broader gender- plight of the male gender are insufficient and suffer from rapid based violence (GBV) and is typically enmeshed in a complex web of gender apartheid, discrimination, and ill narratives, legal, social and institutionalized social and economic relations that reinforce men’s economic corruption. vulnerability. For example, men may endure women’s violence because they see no acceptable alternatives and is often part of a 4:4 Male Genital Mutilation [MGM] larger cultural logic that sanctions violence. MGM is the latest bizarre assault against men by women. This alarming trend of event has occurred in all counties. Amidst the hue VAMB prevents them from exercising their legal rights to share and cry from the society and social media, the government continues matrimonial property and violates their advantage of economic to take it as any other grievous bodily harm not withstanding its opportunities. Studies have shown that VAMB has serious physiological and sociological impact. The frequency in which this consequences for men’s lives and health. There is evidence of a link crime is happening is frightening and of grave concern to the male between violence in the domestic sphere and men’s physical and fraternity. It is a fact that much of physical assaults in relationships are psychological health. Physical abuse is associated with acute and not criminalized to allow invocation of criminal law. Domestic assaults lasting mental illness; stress related physical illness and risk factors for are dealt with at Sections 250-253 of the Penal Code [PC] and are chronic illness. Children’s exposure to domestic violence also has crimes deemed as less serious than felony. important adverse effects. The study showed that male genital mutilation was mostly reported in Studies show that violent arguments between parents are associated Nairobi County, Kiambu, Nyeri, Kilifi, Kakamega, Machakos, Nakuru, with children’s failure to thrive or fail in exams, lower caloric intake, Homa Bay, Meru, and Kisii in that order higher risks of wasting and poorer growth in infancy and into childhood according to World Health Organization (WHO). Poor This is an infringement of the survivors rights particularly those whose child motivation and education development was associated with genitals are mutilated or chopped off by their spouses. It is shocking regular abuse among couples and lack time and spend most of their to realize that the offence of assault is a misdemeanor attracting a time quarreling at the expense children. sentence of imprisonment for [one] year. Page | 32
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
Assault that occasion actual bodily harm is also a misdemeanor 4. Experiences of other social exclusion include funerals, weddings, attracting a sentence of imprisonment for five years, an example is family get together, parties, sleeping in separate houses, and where a man’s genitals are chopped off. children fearing them unnecessarily and being gossiped about.
Male genital Mutilation and abuse includes:- 4:7 Male potential gender and domestic abusers 1. Pulling the genitals. Majority of men who had experienced physical violence or MGM 2. Hitting the genitals with brunt objects. survivors reported that the perpetrators were intimate partners 3. Biting the genitals including relatives, neighbors, separated spouses, divorced or 4. Chopping part or all the genitals. workmates. 5. Squeezing the genitals with objects or pliers. a. 47% of men who had experienced domestic violence including 6. Burning the genitals with hot substances i.e. water, milk, MGM survivors reported that the perpetrators were spouses or acid or chemicals. members of the family in cohorts with the spouse. 7. Shooting or stabbing the genitals. b. 16% of men who had experienced domestic violence reported that the perpetrators were neighbors or strangers in cohorts with This study recommends that Male Genital Mutilation [MGM] should the wife. be classified in the same category as of attempted murder where the c. A majority of abused males reported been abused by their in punishment is stiff so as to serve as a deterrent to other offenders, to laws emotionally, economically and physically regularly but stop the heinous act of chopping off male genitals and its prevalence. suffered in silence due to cultural aspects and fear of accelerated violence that was likely to lead to separation and The study showed the following results:- divorce. 1. The study revealed that 80% regularly physically abused men’s genitals were pulled with impunity and denied conjugal rights by 4:8 Majority of men suffer because of culture aspects their wives. Men suffer in silence because of varied reasons:- 2. The study revealed that male genital mutilation is becoming a African culture does not allow a man to show weakness, it is common crime and results showed that:- abomination to see a man crying or screaming because of wife battery 3. 319 cases were reported by January 2017 up from 296 reported and hence some women take advantage by battering the man at the by January 2016 countrywide. same time screaming for help and when neighbors come to help they 4. Sharp increase of 23 casualties in the last one year alone. descend on the man with kicks and brows unaware that the man is 5. Approximately 2 males’ genitalia were severely mutilated or actually the victim. chopped off monthly by their spouses after a domestic dispute in the last 12 months countrywide. 4:9 Negative consequences of violence Other domestic violence crimes that should be upgraded to murder Men who had experienced violence regularly reported a range of are knife stabs, machete attacks, hands or legs chopping, head symptoms and problems more frequently than men with no injuries, gorged eyes, raping and infecting somebody with HIV & experience of violence. These problems included psychological issues AIDS, defilement, severe scald cases or gunshot attacks. i.e. suicidal ideation, fear, tension, depression, drugs, substance and alcohol abuse with 6 (six )males committing suicide daily; health 4:5 Male Jigger menace in comparison with females related problems, symptoms i.e. high blood pressure, hypertension, The study showed the following three interesting correlations on physical ailment etc. Jigger menace infections:- 1. Studies showed that out of 10 jigger infected people 7 were 4:10 Assumption that male battering is justified males. The vast majority of men disapproved male battering on the grounds 2. The study showed that the extent of jigger attack on men was of dissatisfaction and irresponsibility allegations. It was revealed that not limited to toes and hands but also buttocks and the genitals most of the physically abuse is perpetrated in the bedroom at night were severely afflicted while a majority of women were afflicted where the man is threatened not to shout for help and when he shouts on the toes and few were afflicted on the hands. the woman screams in order to conceal the who is battering the other. 3. The study showed that 70% of men who were prone to jigger Many times men are kicked out of the house and end up sleeping in infection were drugs, substance and alcohol addicts the sitting room, bars, and vehicles. The research revealed that many men are locked out of the house if they come home late or drunk. 4:6 Social exclusion Social exclusion was commonly reported by survivors of VAMG 1. [76%] drugs, substance and alcohol abuse. particularly male genital mutilation MGM survivors and males 2. [64%] enquiring if the wife has boyfriends. infected with jiggers as they were considered weak and a disgrace to 3. [63%] alleged infidelity. the society:- 4. [45%] Sex denial due to drugs, substance/ alcohol abuse. 1. A majority of MGM survivors, males infected with jiggers and 5. [95%] Male battering is justified if one is an alcoholic. physically abused were the worst hit by social exclusion. 2. 20% of males who suffered grievous bodily harm or were jigger The study showed that some men who are alcoholic were encouraged infected had been denied access to health services particularly to continue with the habit by their wives so that they can take MGM survivors. advantage and usurp family leadership. Some of the women 3. 70% of MGM survivors, males infected with jiggers and interviewed claimed that it was to their advantage when the husband physically abused had been denied access to places of worship is alcoholic since the wife has an upper hand in decision making. and places or public meetings. Some respondents mentioned adultery, intolerance and failed duties but new reasons emerged. Page | 33
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
4:11 Help is not often sought „ barriers exist In addition, interviewees noted the frequent gaps between the - [81%] choose to seek help from NGO’s existence of a law and the delivery of an effective response; - [74%] of men who experienced violence had not shared their particularly at the village level. Even when a response is initiated, experiences with anyone. interviewees voiced concern that implementation is often hampered - [82%] of men who faced economic violence were more likely to by factors such as gender discrimination, intimidation and high rate of share their experiences with someone than those who faced corruption. Interviewees had a generally positive perception of the sexual, emotional or physical violence. national government’s overall response to gender manipulation affecting males. - [89 %] of men sought help when they faced violence from
family or friends and were the most commonly mentioned The involvement of Kenya Government and the personal participation persons to resolve domestic violence disputes. of the President His Excellency Hon. Uhuru Kenyatta in stamping out - [35%] of men sought help from institutions such as the police, illicit brews which was mentioned by majority of stakeholders as a key hospitals or gender desk. GBV accelerator were viewed as particularly very important and
raised the profile of VAMB awareness campaigns in the Country. The pattern was repeated in qualitative surveys, with most men MAWE in tandem with its objectives congratulated the President by stating that they choose to seek help from members of their family awarding him and his Deputy Hon William Ruto two he goats and NGO’s while police, lawyers or health providers were consulted (nicknamed the beast and the beetle) which was an impression of only infrequently or when the degree is severe. honour and thanks on behalf of men, in their steadfast support of the
organization in its endeavors to protect the rights of the males and 4:12 Reason of not seeking help boys particularly. Men who had experienced violence but did not seek care most commonly cited varied reasons:- The government should consider banning betting games and 1. [95%] Stigma legislating a law that will ban under 18 years from participating in the 2. [74%] Embarrassment games which have infested all towns countrywide threatening 3. [29%] Hope that help would not be forthcoming destruction to particularly boys who have been carried away at the 4. [62%] Fear of rejection expense of education. 5. [35%] Fear of accelerated violence
6. [55%] Cultural aspect MAWE or GMEN has undertaken for the first time a comprehensive
survey of the context, prevalence and consequences of VAMB by 4:13 Men awareness exploring the perspectives of multiple stakeholders’ results. The Male respondents in the FGDs were aware of the issue of violence results highlight the all-pervasive nature of VAMB in the country and against men and knew it was prevalent. Asked what the underlying the heavy burden it inflicts on the lives of the male gender. causes of violence are, women identified family power wrangles, unemployment, infidelity, men taking advantage of men, lack of Our analysis of the policy and programmatic responses to this blight awareness of men’s rights, abuse of alcohol and drugs and changing on men’s lives exposes the gaps between policy and implementation. lifestyles and modernization as important drivers of VAMB. Like male Our cross-sectional survey of 1,700 men and 300 women, in 10 respondents, women too were largely unfamiliar with policies and selected Counties across the country found that close to over half of programmatic responses to VAMB. However, men were aware of the men (65%) reported experiencing violence in their lifetime, and roles that MAWE plays in protecting male gender victims. about 50% of them had experienced violence in the past 12 months
while half of them experienced violence regularly. These high 4:14 Knowledge among key stakeholders percentages reflect the broad range of abuse, stigma and Among key stakeholders at the constituency levels, VAMB is discrimination which men are subjected at all ages of their lives. Men perceived as occurring frequently in both public and private settings. reported emotional, physical, economic and political abuse regularly. Some of the drivers of violence identified by key stakeholder’s decision makers in the FGs were similar to those identified by women 4:15 Some men are more at risk of violence among them social and cultural norms, abuse of alcohol and drugs, Given the relatively large sample size of this study, we were able to illiteracy, unemployment opportunities and low levels of awareness of conduct multivariate analysis to identify the underlying characteristics legal rights. A majority of respondents in the FGDs were aware that of the men who were more likely to report violence and found out there are national laws to combat GBV, few were aware of specific that men in the rural areas were significantly more likely to report laws. lifetime violence in comparison with men from urban areas.
The majority of FGDs stakeholders were not unaware of Sexual 4:16 What are the consequences of such violence? Offences Act laws or marital rape. However, for many respondents, 1. 59% had psychological effects i.e. depression or stress. knowing that the laws exist did not necessarily translate into knowing 2. 11% had attempted suicide. the specific provisions or consequences. Stakeholders noted several 3. 10% men reported health problems i.e. hypertension, high blood areas where current GBV laws need amendment; the Sexual Offences pressure etc., a rate significantly higher than that reported by Act does not fully cover unmarried couples. There is a perceived lack men who had not suffered domestic abuse and violence. of police power to keep alleged perpetrators in detention, Again, causality cannot be inferred from these cross-sectional surveys inadequate legal recourse for survivors of sexual harassment and data. However, our survey’s consistent findings of significantly higher discrimination in the workplace. rates of reported health problems in a majority of men who suffered
violence are compatible with the strong base of evidence of health consequences of abuse. Page | 34
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
4:17 What are the perceived causes of violence? 4. Many men believed that reporting will link and therefore lower One of the strengths of this study is that evidence on particular issues the man’s dignity in the society. was collected from both men and women. The same was done in 5. Most of the gender desk were not manned by professionals and Focus Group Discussions-FGD to explore why violence happens; both therefore were not able to ask questions or address the problem men and women offered remarkably reasons. professionally. 6. Many men believed that reporting domestic abuse against them Moreover, key stakeholders agreed with the men and women in the will expose their private life and therefore would be treated with focus groups that male-dominated social structures i.e. family, disdain and be a laughing stock in the society. community, social and economic structures that privilege men over women, and socio-cultural practices such as dowry and polygamy 4:21 Structural corruption against the male gender contributes both to power wrangles that ignites VAMB. In addition to The experiences of violence narrated in this study are the personal social/structural drivers of violence, men in particular identified consequences of structural social and government corruption against several factors at the individual level, including drugs, substance and the male gender that stands on three pillars:- alcohol abuse not to mention the increasing access to One - Male gender social and economic empowerment ‚modernization‛ and selective female economic empowerment discrimination. programs and policies. Two - Perennial social and economic emasculation and exploitation. Three - Unequal gender educational, employment and legal access. 4:18 How do women respond to violence in comparison with men? Majority women knew of specific services in their community offering 4:22 One-Male gender social/ economic empowerment support and care. Most women named government hospitals, police discrimination. and chiefs posts as sites where help can be found. However, they also The gender crisis which this study has dealt with has largely been as a noted the potential negative consequences of seeking services. result of both the government and society which wrongly targets the 1. 10% of women choose to suffer in silence due to fear and female gender for massive social and economic empowerment. This increased risk of further violence. has resulted in an unprecedented upheaval in gender relations with 2. 25% of women choose to suffer in silence due to concern about the female getting the upper hand. the effect on their family reputation. The study showed that:- 3. 50% of women choose to report or share the problem with a. The social economic status of man has been seriously threatened relatives, friends, and neighbors. by the female gender whose underhanded tactics has resulted in 4. Only 20% of men had sought help, and this figure varied by the gender warfare. type of violence a man had experienced. b. The economic exploiters of men through biased legislations by feminist especially in asset acquisition have resulted in men The study showed that this numbers were the opposite when it came losing out against women unfairly. to why men do not report. Perhaps as a consequence of these and c. The judicial system is often biased against males often resulting other barriers, a majority of men who had suffered some kind of in men been jailed on flimsy charges by women. violence neither discussed their problem with others nor did they d. This unfair empowerment has resulted unstable families in which sought outside help. 70% of them are controlled by women unfairly. e. The study showed that in job opportunities, selections and 4:19 Reporting conjugal rights abuse interviews often a higher percentage of females are recruited Men who had been denied conjugal rights were the least likely to usually with lower grades than male youths. seek help. Men who were economically emasculated were the most f. This has led to the migration of women to urban areas in such of likely to report to police. Among the 20% of men who had sought white collar jobs that require lower grades than compared with help after violence, a large majority turned to family members or men and has led to the male youths been edged with limited friends rather than formal, state or non-state services. vacancies that only require man power or in the construction industries. Men noted that lack of awareness about where to go, fear of retribution, cultural reasons and stigma as the major reasons to shun 4:23 Two-Perennial social and economic emasculation and service providers for care. In addition, men cited a potential threat of exploitation violence from service providers as a barrier to seeking care. The study revealed that the empowerment of women was ill founded and only meant to exploit the male gender. 4:20 Men choose not to report due to many factors 1. In 70% of households men are victims of economic exploitation 1. 90% of men do not report abuse due to stigma and a majority of by women. men who went to report to police ended up been arrested 2. In legal cases concerning property 80% of men in such cases instead of the woman and charged with disturbing peace in their loose against women even when evidence is strongly in favour of homes. the man. 2. Most of the reporting stations had women officers and had to 3. Women often scheme with their children to exploit their father wait for men officers to be available therefore delaying justice to off his property long before his demise and thus leading to early victims. death by dubious methods. 3. No action was taken even after reporting an offence of physical 4. Women based financial and lending institutions encourage assault and instead men were advice to go back home and keep women to exploit their husbands in ingenious ways to enable peace with their wives thus accelerating and fueling more them get interest free monies. violence.
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
4:24 Three-Unequal gender educational, employment and legal 3. 80% of the women Married by the Kalejin outside their access community are from the Kikuyu tribe. Education is a basic right for every citizen regardless of gender. It is The report concluded that women can play a big role in eliminating the cornerstone of development. Both men and women receive the gender based violence, ethnic animosity and tribalism by creating a same education and are afforded the same chances by the tribal free generation through intermarriage. Women therefore government. contribute towards friendship, family harmony, love and co-operation It is therefore quite unfair to empower one gender according to the between ethnic, clans and communities and countries through study. marriage. 1. Out of every 10 boarding schools 8 are girl’s school. The trend by the government to build more girls boarding schools and 4:26 Men, marriage and education transforming mixed day and boarding schools to girl’s schools Most marriages in the past were based on a woman’s place is the has created unfair education opportunities to the boy child. kitchen. Those were the days when culture played a very important 2. More girls continue getting bursary schemes than boys. role in the lives of people. The modern man and woman however have 3. The university entry points are 10% lower for girls. thrown cultural values out of the window and man has been left 4. More women are employed with lower grades than men. grappling with marital problems. 5. Economic output as a result have fallen drastically due to women been paid more for less work, thousands of man hours are lost The study about men and marriage has showed that:- through constant sick or maternity leaves. 1. Most women value careers more than marriage and would rather 6. Women get paid more for less demanding work than male have a steady career than a husband. counterparts who are usually posted in danger zones. 2. Highly educated women have problems getting a husband and 7. Legal system is prejudiced by unequal application of laws. when they do they inevitably become different wives and bullies leading to perennial disputes, separations and marriage 4:25 Inter-marriages, ethnic and domestic abuse and violence breakdown. The study revealed interesting data on the role that inter-marriage 3. 80% of highly educated career women are single, separated or plays in the wider aspect of reducing GBV and bringing inter-ethnic divorced and majorities were reported to be male abusers. harmony and fostering goodwill among couples and different 4. The study showed that women who do not get married communities in the country. Cultural barriers and ethnic conservatism immediately after college level of education have difficulty in are some of the more important stumbling blocks towards national getting a partner afterwards since 80% of married women marry cohesion. According to the study one important solution to end at the age of between 20 and 23 years. domestic abuse and violence and ethnic animosity is intermarriage 5. These women can easily adapt to any mode of life and don’t between different ethnic groups. suffer from superiority complex common to women of higher The study showed the following report:- standards of education. 1. Domestic violence within inter-marriages was limited. 6. Almost all men prefer women of a medium standard of 2. Forming blood relationships between members of different education whose career one can easily guide. ethnic groups both reduce domestic violence, ethnic groups, 7. The study showed women of college standard of education are ethnic tension, animosity and jealousy among different highly eligible for marriage. communities. 3. Inter- ethnic communities are more socially and economically 4:27 Premeditated homicide on the rise endowed, nationalistic in approach and minimal domestic abuse, It was noted in the research that some women have devised elaborate ethnic and cultural handicap. methods of eliminating husbands to gain access to their money and 4. Communities that discourage men or women to intermarry risk property. The research revealed that most carjacking that end in social and economic isolation. murder, husbands being waylaid by thugs at their gates are being 5. Among the top communities whose men and women have masterminded by their wives. It is the duty of the government to broken the inter-ethnic barriers in marriage are Kikuyu, Kalenjin, investigate, prosecute and revert back all such stolen properties to Massai, Luo, and Abaluya in that order. their rightful owners. 6. The Kikuyu dominate the social and economic spectrum of Kenya and their women are in great demand elsewhere for their 4:28 Premeditated homicide diligence, hard work, and education standards and are not 1. Nairobi, Kiambu, Nyeri, Homabay and Nakuru Counties culturally biased according to the research. respectively are the most notorious in such gimmicks by greedy 7. Couples in intermarriages respect each other’s cultural norms women. Death by the food and drug poisoning is on the increase thereby minimizing gender and domestic abuse. in these Counties where it was revealed that it is becoming more and more dangerous and a risky affair to be a wealthy man. The report revealed that Kikuyu women are on demand in about all 2. Financially successful men are prone to death plots by women. other communities of Kenya since they are outgoing and not bound 3. Men respondents commented that it is safer to be attacked by by the cultural yoke. The study showed that the Kikuyu community thugs who steal and spare one’s life in most cases than a woman leads in intermarriage and it is not surprising therefore that the tribe in marriage who is ready to do anything to accomplish her goals has successfully intermingled socially and economically with other to usurp control of the man, property and money even if it means tribes because of the following revelations:- terminating the life of the man. 1. In Luoland 70% of all women married from other communities 4. The study showed that a majority of male respondents said that a are from the Kikuyu tribe. wife is most likely to change and become the worst enemies of 2. 95% of women married by the Massai from outside the the man and no wonder they have managed to rob men off their community are from the Kikuyu tribe. properties with impunity. Page | 36
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
5. The study explored cases of young widows whose husband’s 8. Men later start developing strange illnesses which are hard for untimely demise was their own schemed plot. doctors to diagnose as some men turn docile. 6. Cases of women concocting poisonous substances meant either 9. It showed that women sometimes are also victims of such to kill or mentally disable men so as to gain an upper hand in schemed deaths by their fellow women whose plans are to subtle property and family were reported. a love affair after the death of the woman where later, widowers 7. According to the research 40% of the married male mortality are later eliminated and the imposing woman intruder becomes rate is not by natural death but caused by wives after prolonged an automatic heir of property. regular abuse and violence. 8. It showed that in comparison with both genders 2% of men 4:32 Wealth and marriage (Economic Abuse) normally poison their wives compared with over 21% of women 1. 85% of the respondents commented that the current generation who are likely to poison their husband. of women are not interested in marriage but are all wired to money and property inheritance. 4:29 Alcohol and drug abuse and gender violence 2. Women respondents said that currently it is not love that matters 1. The study revealed that women were leading in illicit alcohol but whether the potential man has money, wealth and what kind brewing where they liaise with the administration to avoid arrest of income generating activity he owns. as they continue practicing the illegal trade at the expense of 3. The study showed that if by bad lack the husband becomes men’s lives. bankrupt or is sacked, it will be an automatic separation since 2. Women were mentioned to be the major cause in the rise of the binding factor is money and not love. abuse of drugs, alcohol and substance abuse since many of the 4. 90% of wealthy men are targets of women who scheme to rob men gave opinions that they were hooked to the habit because them after promising and conning them with marital of frustrations and abuse from their wives. relationships where they latter demand share of property after separating with the men or alimony attachments. 4:30 Marriage crisis 5. The study showed that many men were victims of theft after 1. 20% of the families countrywide are managed by widows, single having been robbed cash, cars, plots, land and property in a mothers and junior and senior spinsters. 20% of families are whisker by their wives exes or girlfriends. managed by widowers while 20% of families are permanently 6. Some women ruin family businesses where they have secret separated 20% of families are separated and only 20% of the accounts, later after they have saved enough money they subtle families subsist by the grace of God. disputes which lead to separation with the husband and start 2. The study showed that 65% of children in Kenya survive without their own businesses as the man is considered as a nuisance and both parents consistently where they are either divorced, intolerable bother. separated, widows, widowers, junior and senior bachelors or 7. 40% of abused men lamented that they were reduced to paupers Junior and senior spinsters. by their spouses who have now taken over their businesses and property and cunningly registered titles and log books in their 4:31 Death threats on the rise names while men are left to live like strangers in their own built 1. The study showed that police do not take serious action against flats and palatial mansions. death threats leveled against men even when they are reported 8. Men are threatened with death and eviction if the wife realizes to the relevant authorities. Most of the cases are solved by clan he is seeking advice from friends. members. Police stations, chiefs, courts, and or in churches and 9. 50% of women who abuse men have separate beds where men Mosques where high magnitude of gender bias was reported. have no access to incase of sex. 2. Causes of death among married men are heart attacks diabetes 10. Women groups, meeting places for women i.e. Saloons and brought about by stress related symptoms where most of their festivals i.e. ‘seeking blessings from parents were named as major health complications are caused by nagging women. drivers of domestic abuse and violence against men, many 3. It showed that inadequate diet, loneliness and denial of conjugal newlywed innocent women are misled, incited in these forums rights is a major driver to health challenges. Women have been where many of their leaders are single, divorced or widows. known to deliberately adulterate men’s food with harmful additives either to subdue or weaken them thereby reducing 4:33 Growing odds in social/economic development of males their life span drastically. It was pathetic to note that boy/man social and economic 4. Other gimmicks of women contemplating to slowly kill their development growth stood at a meager rate of 3% in the last 30 years husbands are poisoning of tea with cloths washing laundry while that of girl/woman grew to an admirable 11% increase. chemicals i.e. or steel wire used for utensils which is put in tea of unsuspecting husbands in small quantities. This gap is expanding wider with the society and authorities assuming 5. 20% men meet their deaths in prime age between 35 and 55. that all is well contrary to the study that revealed that everything is 6. Survivors of black magic start manifesting effects afterwards out of order with the male gender as witnessed in over 80% of where the man’s health slowly deteriorates to his death bed employment sectors where the trend showed that female gender was without anyone realizing the truth of the matter and since no leading remarkably. one can suspect the wife can be behind death of her husband. 7. Respondents interviewed revealed many ways women are using The study showed that the same disparity was noted in salaries of men to kill men slowly. One of the common weird ways that was in comparison to women where women earned more than me in the mentioned is a concoction of cement or milled dead chameleon, same job group. Women graduates earned 40% more than their male frog, snake and other poisonous creatures which are milled to counterparts mainly due to labour imperfections and strong advocacy powder form and mixed with food or drink to unsuspecting men of women rights amidst gender parity that is rife in all businesses. for a period of one to two years. Page | 37
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
4:34 (j) Major employment sectors demographics analysis 9. Laws are drafted in favour of females and at the expense of the Employment Sector Women in Men males. No wonder Laws and Acts of parliament that protect % in % women and girls are dozens in majority of Nations worldwide 1 Education tutors 70% 30% while men and particularly boys have none.
2 Civil service 35% 65% 10. A majority of men who are abused by their wives are encourage not to report and bare the pain as a man, others who report to 3 Telecommunication 85% 15% the police are downplayed and advised that as men they ought 4 Health sector 65% 35% to forgive and forget. 5 Professionals 65% 35%
6 Media 58% 42% 4:37 Masculinity under crisis 7 Food market 75% 25% Men and women currently commit violence whether criminal or 8 Farming 65% 35% domestic in equal measures. Crime based studies support this but 9 Hotel/Tourism 75% 25% women continue to be seen as victims and are often treated benignly 10 Small Enterprises 90% 10% from the society level, police stations and law courts. In the recent 11 Casual laborers 65% 35% years, women have contributed significantly in the world of crime and 12 Transport 15% 85% abuse. They engage in serious crimes i.e. terrorism, robbery, trigger- 13 Building 5% 95% happy thugs, car-jacking etc. and are no longer the stereotype shy 14 Fishing 30% 70% husband loving kitchen type kind. It is a fact that women lash out more frequently than their husbands or boyfriends in case of domestic 15 Security 10% 90% dispute. Female aggression is increasing day in day. 16 Hawking 65% 35%
17 Politics 30% 70% 4:38 Women more confident today 18 Marketing 85% 15% Women today are more economically emancipated and therefore are 19 Entertainment 75% 25% not afraid to end a love or marriage relationship which has resulted to 20 Jua kali 25% 75% high number of single mothers or incomplete, artificial family units. Totals 1093 912 The definition of VAMB in the United Nations (UN) can only be Average % men versus women 55.9% 45.6% traced within the human rights framework and unlike Violence against women [VAWB] which is exemplarily expressed as a special The employment sectors demographics analysis showed that women crime and backed by international charters. are the majority with a difference of 10.3% currently. The study showed that women had 55.9% while men 45.6%. Violence against men shall encompass, but not be limited to:- 4:39 Characteristics of emotional abuse ‚A parallel survey by Global Business School Organization in the 1. Denial of conjugal rights University of Strathmore Business School found out that female 2. Insults and disrespect from wife and children business Graduates earned 77% more than the man’s salary in the 3. In-laws family interferences & dowry issues same course. Women with MBA earned a massive 92% more than 4. Forced to do house chores men. This is due to the fact that women have more negotiating 5. Usurping of man’s role in the family powers than men‛ 6. Denial of food, diet and or medical care
7. 4:35 Hidden crime and a global epidemic Henpecked in front of visitors or in public 1. Government is ignorant on violence against men and boys. 8. Infidelity, adultery and prostitution 2. Despite the cry and upsurge of domestic violence and abuse 9. Locked out at night, sleeps in the car, bar or corridor against men no positive action or statistics have been done by 10. Desertion the government to this effect. 11. Non-spousal violence & intimidation at work 3. The government downplays gender violence against men openly 4:40 Characteristics of economic abuse thereby fueling domestic violence against men by being 1. Sex blackmail impartial, not exercising equal security by entertaining hate 2. Spousal theft speech and careless remarks from women leaders and feminists. 3. Mismanagement of business & resources 4. Men in domestic abuse are invisible to the law and treated as 4. Unequal access to education second class citizens with nowhere to find solace. 5. In-laws business & family interference 5. Boys face discrimination right from childhood with unequal care, 6. Unfair sharing of family bills protection, education, job opportunities and throughout their 7. Rigid laws that favor the female gender livelihood. 8. Secret savings, loans or bank accounts 6. Rape and defilement among boys by fellow boys is a hidden 9. Spiking crime and is not handled with the seriousness it deserves in 10. Exploitation and unequal workload and pay touchstone with rape and defilement amongst girls as hundreds 11. Unequal security of boys are raped daily in disguise of ‘homosexuality’ with no one 4:41 Characteristics of physical abuse raising a finger. 1. Battering, hit with kitchen utensils or objects 7. Gender Apartheid and discrimination is a grooming scandal and 2. Harmful circumcision tools societal corruption of the highest degree. 3. Witchcraft and sorcery 8. Gender violence against men and boys is not only a Kenyan 4. Family mob battering problem but a global epidemic. 5. Scald with hot water, acid or tea etc. Page | 38
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
6. Premeditated accidents Witchcraft is a major driver of gender and domestic abuse and 7. Hired hit men or mafia groups violence. Concern here is raised upon the increased use of impersonal 8. Death plots forces as a violence tool against men. The study estimated that in 1 9. Food poisoning out of 10 homesteads in central, eastern and western regions of 10. House arrest or In castellation Kenya, women use witchcraft regularly as a means of controlling their 11. Male genital mutilation husbands. In many of these households the male spouse is just a mere figurehead. In some of these households the male spouse is likely to 4:42 Inheritance matters are classified types of VAMB commit suicide or develop strange illnesses which cause death at an 1. The government has made it easier for women to inherit early age. property from their spouse’s parents and husbands whereas it is next to impossible for men to inherit their spouse’s property as The findings revealed that some communities believe in witchcraft or many men have tried after the death of their wives but have been magic spells of love, money, riches, health, physical and health spells. met by a wild objection. The profusion of advertisement all over and in poles in towns is a 2. The study explored cases where married women in their surety that many people are customers to witchdoctors. Cases of men hundreds have resurfaced back in their parents’ home to reclaim and women engaging in illicit love making are caught unaware stuck their parent’s property, share of land, plots and or flats leading to to one another after what is believe to be powers from witchdoctors. sharp differences between brothers and sisters and influx of Many people including politicians, football maniacs and business gender violence. people also belief in this narrative. 3. The issue of property ownership has not been addressed clearly by the Matrimonial Property Act, which has led to The following results were registered:- disagreements, thereby fuelling domestic abuse and violence 1. The study showed that the counties associated with witchcraft against men. were Kilifi, Machakos, Kisii, Homabay and Kakamega in that 4. It showed that share of financial responsibilities has also being a order. major course of domestic abuse and violence against men, 2. Minimal cases of witchcraft was reported in Nairobi Kiambu, women showed unwillingness to share their earnings with their Nakuru Meru and Nyeri in that order people do not believe in husbands and when persuaded they instead subtle arguments witchcraft particularly men. that result to violence. 3. Witchcraft was featured in almost all parts of the country where Thus, in the quest to own property some women are using hostile more women were associated than men. means such as hastening the demise of their spouses either directly or 4. The study showed that a majority of women seek witchcraft as a indirectly. The more direct methods are either husband battery or solution to tame their husbands thus was mentioned as one of contract killing. First the man is subjected to constant bodily assault; the types of abuses against men that fuel gender abuse against he is therefore traumatized and insecure and leads to an early grave. men. 5. The study showed that 9 out of 10 men who are victims of 4:43 Foreigners too at risk of domestic violence and abuse witchcraft have no say in their homes and are regularly abused 60% of men foreigners living in the coastal region in Kenya are victims physically and denied conjugal rights. of domestic abuse and violence while half of them are abused 6. 3 out of 10 men witchcraft victims are severely affected health regularly by their national and foreign counterpart wives. The study wise where many are docile due to effects. showed that in the larger coastal region of Kilifi County, the most 7. The study showed that most of the women associated with common abuse was sex blackmail and humiliation. Some women in witchcraft were religious and members of women groups who these relationships regularly abandon their children with men recruit innocent newlywed into the practice. foreigners while they go out for entertainment in the local joints. 8. The study revealed that 8 out of 10 women who practice witchcraft carry weird substances and objects in their handbags The study showed that a majority of women in these areas enticed like i.e. alive and dead creatures like lizards or snakes and their husbands while others forced their foreign husbands to register weapons of aggression against their husbands. their property in their names. Many victims in these unions spend 9. The study showed that other women and children are also nights in separate locked rooms in their bungalows in fear of their affected by witchcraft due to jealousy by some women. lives as most of their wives abuse alcohol. It was revealed that many 10. The study showed that neighbors and relatives too are victims of abused men sleep in the sitting rooms while others book lodgings or witchcraft by particularly jealous women. spend the night in their cars or nightclubs. It was revealed that some 11. The study showed that most of the witches are women. are even locked in their houses as the wife goes out to entertainment joints with other men. 4:45 Gender violence in the workplace The study showed that men are facing increased frustrations in the Cases of women secretly planning with HIV/AIDS positive prostitutes workplace due to unfair conditions and disparities:- to subtle a love affair which leads to the man contracting the diseases 1. 6 out of 10 men are sexual harassed at the workplace where they which leads to separation and early death. Cases of men reporting to dress skimpily; seduce men into sex for money. police stations about their violent wives was in the rise in the time of 2. Women have more prospects of job opportunities without due the study where some reported to their respective Embassies was qualifications. frustrating since little or nothing was done to arrest the women 3. Men are more likely to be fired from their work without a concerned. The study showed that many men who were abused substantial reason than women. suffered from chronic diseases i.e. high blood pressure because of 4. Women with lower academic qualifications stand a better stress and oppression meted by their spouses. chance of employment and promotion than men with higher 4:44 Witchcraft and gender based violence academic qualifications. Page | 39
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
5. It showed that 1 man out of 10 women win scholarships. 4:48 Alimony crisis in the civil service 4:46 Legal and policy response to VAMB This study showed that men employed in the civil service department, Laws should emphasizes respect for the right of every person to live in national and county government had been grossly affected. A a secure and dignified manner, prevention and control of violence majority of women take advantage of their husbands who are occurring within the family or outside, making such violence employed in the civil service to claim for false maintenance grants punishable, and providing protection to the survivors of violence from their salaries since it is easier to do so due to check off system. irrespective of gender. It gives individuals right to file complaints, The following results were generated:- provides legal remedies including interim protection and 1. The police and teachers departments are the hardest hit. compensation orders, defines penalties for perpetrators, and creates 2. 5% of total employees in the civil service who are married do not service centers for counseling. received any pay due to alimony attachment. 3. 15% receive half pay due to true or fake claims by their Its objectives revolve eliminating GBV and discrimination and estranged wives or girlfriends. promoting gender equality. Men and boys are discriminated against 4. 1% has resigned from their jobs due to harsh conditions brought in socio-cultural, economic, political and legal spheres. A report by about by alimony attachments. MAWE entitled ‚Discriminatory Laws‛ noted that in the year 2013, 5. Women threaten their husbands and also tearfully demonstrate Kenya had 11 discriminatory provisions and 29 schedules in various against their husbands in the job places, thus setting a stage for acts and provisions, including the Constitution that has discriminatory unfair alimony reparations. provisions. Even with the findings the society and government has ignored the revelations and have continued placing men as the main The study recommended the following:- perpetrators of GBV. 1. The creation of Gender Crisis Centers [GCC] in various More importantly, no prior research on VAMB has systematically government departments like the teachers, police and security explored the knowledge and attitudes of stakeholders regarding GBV department and or industries where there are more than 100 laws, policies and services. Lack of such evidence may preclude the employees. development and implementation of law, policy and programmatic 2. Gender Crisis Centers should be made public via the mass media. responses. This study was undertaken to address these gaps and 3. The youth, women and gender ministry should make a thorough looked in detail at the prevalence of VAMB in the general population, research on the welfare of all individuals in a family set up before and assessed men’s responses and attitudes to violence, as well as the laying down rules governing paternity issues. responses of identified protective agencies designed to inform 4. Gender Courts should thoroughly investigate cases before appropriate policy and programmatic responses. awarding maintenance allowances which should not exceed half of basic pay. 4:47 Men opting to stay single 5. The study recommends couples to sign a joint agreement of It was revealed that there was a rise in the number of bachelors siring a child in-order to avoid the court battles, DNA and countrywide due to many factors. Marrying age of men has risen to 40 alimony disputes. years compared to 25 in the last 20 years; women today are marrying at 24 and above compared to 20 in the last 10 years. 4:49 Introduction of a Dowry Bill (DB) The study showed that dowry is recognized in African culture as bride The study showed that many men are opting to stay single or are payment. It is an essential process in customary laws of all marrying late because of the reasons as follows:- communities in the County. Its ceremonial importance cannot be 1. Fear of domestic abuse and violence by women. under estimated and it is an elaborated process that follows certain 2. A majority of women get into marriage because of property and cultural rules and regulations. wealth. 3. Many men are not ready to do a legal wedding because they are The study showed that these days dowry has been commercialized not sure the marriage will last. and the ceremonial and cultural importance overshadowed by 4. Men would rather die than fall under the authority of women economic consideration and manipulation. Dowry was mentioned since a majority of women today are more empowered than men. exclusively by many respondents, the interference and demands of some parents are unrealistic which triggers domestic abuse and 5. Women make heavy demands on men as far as property is violence against men by women since many men were not able to concerned. fulfill the demands. 6. Dowry has become a business industry where parents are asking
for exorbitant financial demands. The following are the challenges as a result of lack of a legal
7. Breakdown of cultural values and sanctity of marriage. framework. 8. The study showed that out of 10 families 2 are divorced, 2 are 1. 8 out of 10 married men have paid dowry demands that are un- temporary separated, 2 are permanently separated, 2 are senior cultural, un-African and exorbitant. bachelors and only 2 are stable. 2. The study showed that 7 out of 10 married men have not 9. Feminist zealot’s advice against marriage as a form of female completed paying dowry to parents of their wives. empowerment thus sending wrong signals to girls. 3. 2 out of 10 married men have not visited the parents of their 10. The study showed that Nairobi County was leading in the wives officially due to fear of exorbitant dowry demands. number of junior and senior bachelors followed by Kilifi, Kiambu, 4. 10% of married couples have separated due to dowry Kisii, Homa Bay, Kakamega, Machakos, Meru, Nakuru and Nyeri negotiation disputes and manipulation. in that order. 5. Dowry payments are exorbitant to the extreme. Page | 40
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
6. The study showed that young men are postponing marriage due 9. Men who accept this practice are misinformed and emasculated. to economic hardships in raising dowry. 10. Majority of men who undergone this practice were either 7. The bride’s parents reject men who are not able to meet their threatened with separation by their wives or blackmailed. terms and conditions. 11. Reports of money hand outs and bribery in the awareness 8. Recognition of brides in weddings as heads of the families. campaigns of male vasectomy were witnessed. 9. The bill seeks to harmonize and regulate cultural dowry payments in order to reduce manipulation and fraud. 4:52 Confinement of men at homes 10. Elders from all communities should be consulted and engaged in The study indicated that there is an upsurge of unlawful male the draft process. confinement by women for purely selfish reasons. It showed that this is a step by step process where:- 4:50 Reproduction rights and conjugal rights 1. Men are enticed by ingenious means to unwillingly report home It was discovered in marriages, women have hijacked family planning early. matters since they solely plan the number of children they should sire 2. Retired or unemployed men are majority in this category. without consulting the head of the house. 3. The wife discourages male visitors by being inhospitable. 4. She encourages the man to entertain himself at home by The study showed that men have little say on issues that concern providing beer and sometimes with toxins unknowingly. conjugal rights in their relationships. Women determine when they 5. She plants seeds of discord between the husband and his friends should make love or not. This has ignited domestic abuse and violence who no longer pay visits. against men since sex only comes when the woman wishes but when 6. The husband loses taste with friends. the man is always denied without genuine reason. 7. The woman takes control and gradually indoctrinates her 1. This study showed that reproduction rights of men have been husband into a sense of loneliness. compromised by the female gender. This has negatively affected 8. Eventually the stage is set where the woman is fully in control of men coz they are blamed with impotence’s while women use diet, habits, movements and even medication. contraceptives secretly. A sample study was done in 100 9. The woman finally starves the man into submission and plans for households made in complete confidence and results showed:- his eventual demise. 2. 5 out of 10 men have no say in family planning. 10. The woman is left a window with all the freedom to have illicit 3. 7 out of 10 women have taken family planning pills without love affairs and also free to sell the husbands property with consultation with their husbands. impunity. 4. 6 out of 10 women advice their daughters to take long term family planning pills [5-7] year’s duration which is sometimes 4:53 Disparities in implementation of rights in prisons hazardous to their fertility. The study showed that disparities in prison were evident in women in 5. 4 out of 10 women advice their teenage daughters to terminate prisons as they enjoy more rights than their male counterparts:- the pregnancy through abortion. 1. They receive better meals. 6. The government advocacy on women on family matters is ill 2. Family days are marked in women prisons but not in men. informed since it does not incorporate men. 3. Women receive amnesty with more years than men. 7. Men’s only role is to sire when the woman deems it necessary. 4. Women cells are cleaner and more hygienic 8. 5 out of 10 married men buy sex from their wives as they are not 5. Regular medication in comparison with the males who suffer to allowed before they either pledge something or gift or pay cash. death in the cells for lack of medication.
9. Girlfriends and exes are the worst when it comes to sex blackmail 6. No harassment or assaults in comparison with males. since 9 out of 10 love relationships, men pay dearly before sex. 7. Their working conditions are better. 10. 1 out of 20 men has been blackmailed and fraudulently robbed 8. They receive more visitation rights. by women lovers and part with property, cars, plots and or land in order for the woman to give in to the man’s sexual demands. 9. Sexual relations during family days and illicit relationships with 11. Cases of men committing suicide due to wife’s adamant denial of male officers were reported. conjugal rights to their husbands were reported. The study recommends the government to allow prisoners to enjoy 4:51 Vasectomy a hidden agenda to castrate the male gender their conjugal rights and create a family visiting day. According to the study:- 1) This will allow prisoners who are convicted long terms i.e. life 1. Male Genital Mutilation should be banned and only allowed on imprisonment to sire children with their wives. medical grounds. 2) Stop the high rate of rape and homosexuality in prisons. 2. 9 out of 10 men agree that vasectomy is grievous Male Genital 3) Enjoy children visitation rights. Mutilation [MGM] against men in the disguise of family 4) Treat the prisoners humanly since they need not to be planning. demonized further as prisons are rehabs where change of morals 3. A majority of men who have undergone the operation are must be evident. stigmatized for the rest of their lives. 4. It is a violation of human rights. 5. It sends the wrong message to future generation. 6. It is against religious doctrine and God’s will. 4:54 Unfair male jurisdiction 7. Men are castrated in the mistaken belief of doing social justice This study showed that of 50% men convicted in Kenyan prisons cases to their wives but end up regretting in the long run. related to their relatives and particularly spouses in collaboration with 8. It is against African cultural, beliefs and norms in African context children where many are incriminated and the tactics employed range it is bad omen. from overt bullying to subtle assault as a master plan to make sure the Page | 41
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017 man is arrested and convicted to long jail term in order for the wife to The results or possible outcome of the bill will be as follows:-. take control of the man’s property and businesses. 1. Reduction in family and domestic violence and hatred. 2. Proper identification of property beneficiaries. It showed that cases of rape, defilement, sexual offences and assaults 3. Reduction in court battles in property inheritance. were the most affected where jailed men narrated that they were 4. Bring harmony and unity in the family and avoid humiliation after convicted wrongly without vital evidence produced in court. Some death. men were also denied the right of appeal while others were not taken 5. Gender harmony and peace in homes and marriages. to court for appeal applications and hearing. It was evident that some women scheme rapes and defilements crimes against their husbands 4:56 Gender Violence Elimination Fund (GVEF) to malign the reputation of their men while others do it purposely to The Study recommends the government to introduce Gender torture and humiliate men. Violence Elimination Fund (GVEF). The study showed that the escalation of gender based violence has had a serious impact in the 4:55 Inheritance Policy Bill social fabric in the country. This is a complex issue that needs a lot of The study recommends the government to introduce of Inheritance foresight and honesty. It is unfortunate that the government has not Policy Bill. The study showed that inheritance of property and land is come up with a workable formula to address the consequences of often a very contentious issue in marriages often beset with gender and domestic violence. Currently violence against men and innumerable problems which normally bring family disunity, hatred boys has not been addressed by the government at all. Hundreds of and gender based violence. men victims every year end up suffering as a result due to the government’s reluctance to tackle this soaring problem. The Study recommends the government to introduce Gender Land and property are the cornerstones of our society and gathered Violence Elimination Fund (GVEF) to solve the following:- the following results:- 1. Majority of the problems in the society are often brought about 1. Domestic violence is the major contributing factor to thousands by land and property matters. of street children particularly boys and the rising number of 2. The study showed that absence of proper guidelines is the source prostitutes in the country. of problems and domestic abuse against men and is likely to 2. The study recommends the government that men, women or remain a thorny issue for generations to come. children from families prone to gender violence should be taken 3. The study showed that property owners often hold on for too care in safe homes through GVEF at no extra charge including long without distributing their stakes to the next of kin. Very caring and establishing homes for abandoned children in the often they die inter-state leaving of springs fighting for their streets in every constituency. estate in costly public court battles. As a result violence and 3. The study recommends the government to establish a Gender hatred between family members occur. Based Violence Fund [GBVF], complaint desks in all county wards 4. The study showed family and marriage relations between grown or constituencies, and training programs for service providers, up family members ganging up in arms against their father who is etc. reluctant to split up property. 4. The study recommends the government to introduce rigorous 5. Married couples and family members often don’t have any claim evaluations of these interventions that would allow policymakers to property as long as their parents are alive. and practitioners to identify what works, gaps that needs to be addressed and which pilot activities should be scaled up. The study recommends the government to sponsor a bill which will 5. The study recommends the government to urgently establish address amongst others things:- Gender Violence Elimination Fund [GVEF]. This service will work 1. Make it mandatory for parents to write their wills before they as a springboard to support and cater for GBV survivors from attain age 65 years. both genders including the provision of a Victims’ Trust Fund 2. A will is often invalidated and contested if written by people who [VTF] that will strengthen the policy role of the National Gender are senile because of age. Most people are of sound mind at the and Equality Commission [NGEC] and serve as a monitor to age 65. oversee gender related challenges without bias. 3. The bill should make it mandatory for parents to share their 6. It recommends the government to provide sufficient human and property to of springs who attain the age of 30 years. This will financial resources to plan and implement initiatives on gender give them ample time to develop their property and also access related issues as a central unit to coordinate ministerial actions loans using their property as collateral. on GBV for both genders. 4. The succession act should also be redrafted to respect cultural 7. The study recommends the government that GVEF should be traditions, beliefs and heritage. powered to assist any victim in this situation and legal and policy 5. It is common knowledge to see families engaged in legal battles process should be free. after married women return home to inherit their father’s 8. It recommends the government that the formulation of GVEF property. affords a unique opportunity to push issues of GBV even higher 6. This has created a gold mine to women who separate with on the political and policy agendas. husbands for purposes of sharing their father’s property. 9. It recommends the government that empirical data on the 7. Culturally only unmarried women have the right to inherit their context, frequency and prevention factors of GBV has until now father’s property while married women inherit the property of been inadequate and GVEF will be a one stop resource Centre to their husbands. fund researches on GBV. 8. This should be added in the succession act and leave it to the 10. The objectives of fund is to grant and help gender victims men or women to share property at their will. especially children who end up homeless and in the streets due to domestic violence. Page | 42
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
11. Fund support groups fighting gender and domestic violence 6. The absence of Gender Crisis Centre’s office is the source of whose work is hampered by financial constraints. gender crisis witnessed countrywide. 12. Fund extreme cases of domestic violence where children don’t 7. The bill should seek to form a family court in conjunction with even attend school or lack basic needs and formulate a policy the current children’s court to fill this vacuum. where such children can be taken to foster homes so as to 8. The study showed that the Children’s Court in the country play a continue with their education as an emergency measure. big role in hearing children matters in privacy. 9. The study showed that 7 out of 10 family and domestic issues are 4:57 Gender and Cultural Studies (GCS) not fairly solved and tend to favor women. The Study recommends the government to introduce Gender Studies 10. These courts ought to be inter-joined with the introduction of in secondary schools for the following reasons:- Gender Courts-GC in order to also hear family and gender 1. The study recommends the government to invest in long term related matters i.e. domestic and gender based violence cases, prevention strategies by introduction of Gender and Cultural rape, defilement, sexual offences, and inheritance and divorce Studies [GCS] as an integral part of the school curriculum as a cases in privacy. way to curb prevalence through knowledge enrichment at an 11. The study showed that cases of gender violence ought to be early stage. heard in privacy before qualified and competent magistrates and 2. For better gender relations, introduction of gender studies judges who will give impartial hearings on gender related should be made a compulsory subject in the school’s curriculum matters. and should also be examinable. 12. It was revealed that most of these cases are heard and 3. Sometimes animosity between gender is brought by ignorance determined unfairly particularly cases against the female gender and outdated cultural beliefs. Most people have grown up in which happen to be heard by female magistrates and judges had societies where one gender usually suppresses the other. Some shown undue bias in the judgment. have even grown in the belief that gender and domestic violence 13. The study showed that in a majority of cases both genders were is normal. not contented with the judgments delivered and it was evident 4. Others view wife or husband battery as extremely normal and since most of these cases were quashed by successful appeals. often offer advice on the merits of domestic violence. The 14. The study showed that survivors will have a conducive attitudes are archaic and it is also unfortunate that some younger environment when giving sensitive evidence of cases of rape, members of the society have adopted. defilement and or gender and or domestic abuse and violence 5. It stands as a fact that inclusion of gender studies education in without humiliation and stigma. schools curricula will minimize GBV. 6. Gender Studies Bill; be tabled in parliament in order to make 4:59 Duties of Gender Crisis Centre’s (GCC) gender studies an integral part of the curriculum. The following should be the duties of this Gender Courts (GC) and Gender Crisis Centre’s (GCC) 4:58 Introduction of Gender Courts GC 1. To solve family land disputes The study recommendation to the government is to create Gender 2. To deal with sexual crimes. Courts (GC), the study revealed that the provincial administration is 3. To deal with problems of gender abuse. burdened with duties that are not constitutional. The mandated of 4. To settle gender and domestic disputes. handling for example, gender based violence matters is downplayed Formation of GC and GCC will result in:- by the government by allowing assistant chiefs, chiefs and county 1. Less gender violence cases. commissioners to mingle with sensitive family issues without due 2. Less cases of divorce and separation qualification or mechanism of solving the disputes. 3. Less homicides and fratricides 4. Less murders and threats Among the many duties that they have been unlawfully been handling 5. Less costly litigation process are family disputes, divorce, separations, children matters including 6. Less reports of gender abuse and suicide. gender and domestic based problems. 7. Stable family relations 8. Men, women and Children’s rights will be protected The study showed the results below:- 9. Gender wars and segregation will end 1. It recommends to the government to ban chiefs from interfering 10. Sexual offences with decrease drastically with family and marriage matters henceforth. 2. The study recommends the government to establish Gender The study showed that Gender Crisis Centre’s (GCC) do not exist in Crisis Centers [GCC] with and equip with qualified counselors to the country and in these will be redress centers for problems affecting serve both genders in every constituency. the family and marriage relations. The study showed that 70% of 3. It recommends the government that GCC should be operated by gender violence go reported every year for lack of report centers. experts and not police officers, chiefs or administration officers Most people report gender related matters to village chiefs or local but they can be involved later where necessary. police stations whose officials are either incapable or unwilling to 4. The study recommends the government that GCC will encourage take up such complex cases. GBV survivors from both genders to freely report incidences of Corruption and bribery allegations were rampant and this would be a violence without necessarily involving the state and therefore workable and lasting solution to the problems of gender and domestic remove the stigma in victims. violence. 5. The study recommends the government that GCC will serve as a platform for GBV prevalence data base countrywide and be a The Gender Crisis Centre’s will also do the following:- resource shop to map out strategies. 1. Create awareness among stakeholders and service providers.
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
2. Raise avenue from both national government and county 11. The study showed that cases of men been detained in the chiefs government to cover the expense incurred. and assistant chiefs offices were reported. 3. Implement policies that will form a lasting solution to gender 12. The study showed that cases of some of the chiefs and their violence cases. assistants forcing abused men to first donate to fictitious 4. Lobby for the restoration of an independent Cabinet Secretary of contributions before been served were reported. Gender in the national government. 13. Some women were colluding with chiefs and their assistants to 5. Give grants to gender violence survivors and children. unlawfully detain men in their homes. 6. Achieve workable solutions between families and marriage 14. It showed that some women colluded with some chiefs and their relationships. assistants to give false history statements for the purposes of 7. Provide a network of Gender Crisis Centers with centralized divorce, separation and alimony attachments. command. 15. Cases of some chiefs engaging in illicit alcohol brewing and 8. Gather data on prevalence of gender and domestic violence drinking was reported which placed then in an awkward situation cases in all counties in solving domestic matters. 9. Create gender violence free society both in the county and national level. 4:62 Prevalence of violence 10. Lobby the government on new laws and strategies to address Lifetime prevalence of violence was defined as the proportion of men GBV matters who had experienced at least one or two acts of physical, economic, sexual or emotional violence by a current or former partner at a point 4:60 Roles of Gender Crisis Centre’s (GCC) in their lives. 80% men reported they experienced a type of abuse at 1. Offer counseling centers for marriage related problems. some time in their lives. 2. Keep data on domestic violence in its area of operation. 3. Act as a watch dog by referring severe cases of gender violence 4:63 Experiences of emotional and sexual abuse to higher authorities i.e. police stations or courts. The highest level of abuse of women against men that was reported 4. Act as witness in divorce cases and given evidence in case of by about all abused men was insults, humiliation and denial of criminal nature involving gender. conjugal rights with 95% of abused men been victims. In-depth 5. Institute reconciliations on marriage disputes. interviews with 100 men stakeholders revealed that the common perpetrators of emotional abuse are intimate partners seconded by 4:61 Reporting domestic abuses in the office of administration chief relatives. Some men were repeatedly threatened with beatings and The study explored major avenues of solving gender and domestic death by in-laws. Sex blackmail was the most prevalent act of sexual violence disputes where male respondents showed unwillingness to violence, in line with the quantitative data; the FGDs indicated that report to the chiefs and their assistant’s due to many factors. Many sex deprivation is common among all men. Men in such situations men sited this office as biased to men and many of them have ill suffer in silence due to male ego, stigmatization and intimidation. mentality that women is always on the right while the men are potential abuser which has led to unfair trials on cases of abused men. 4:64 Economic abuse and discrimination We asked the following questions to assess economic abuse/violence The study registered the following results:- by wife or an intimate partner. 1. A majority of people who reported cases of abused in the chief’s “ Have you ever been prohibited or dictated how to manage your offices were women since they were confident that their cases salary or resources by your wife/partner? will be heard to their favor after compromising the officer with “ Has your wife/partner ever taken your earnings against your will? sexual favors and bribery. “ Has your wife/partner ever thrown you out of the house? 2. Some chiefs and their assistants were reported to collude with “ Do you have access to your wife’s financial management? women to evict men from matrimonial homes. “ Does your wife share her business profits or accept to pay bills? 3. The study showed that some male chiefs and their assistants were “ Has your wife registered any of her property under your name? reported to commit adultery with men’s wives thereby coursing “ Has your wife registered you as the next of kin anywhere? family breakdown and separations. “ Does your in-laws influence your businesses? 4. It showed that some respondents reported having been snatched “ Have you ever been abuse by in laws? their wives by some chiefs and their assistants. 5. Some chiefs and their assistants were reported to have colluded Majority of men reported economic abuse/violence 25%. Men had with wives to batter the man in their offices. been forced on how to spend their salaries while others were conned 6. The study showed that cases of abused men been assaulted by by their partners by opening for them businesses and later separating. some chiefs and assistants were rampant. 7. Some women chiefs and assistants are generally biased and hate Others had secret savings, loans and bank accounts while others had men; and men therefore are unwilling and uncomfortable been robed off their property i.e. plots or land after unsuspecting men narrating ordeals to woman about abuse. are lured to transfer properties in their wife’s names as a man put it, a 8. Cases of some chiefs colluding with wives to authorize sale of majority of men were also economically abused by their in laws:- land without the knowledge of the man were reported. 9. It showed that some chiefs and assistants morals were wanting as ‚I am no longer under control of my family because of in laws they were alcohol and drug abusers thereby would not be influence and intimidation. They are on my neck on everything I want suitable to handle domestic disputes. or plan to do. Sometimes they camp in my house in dozens without 10. It revealed that some chiefs and their assistants had a colonial prior preparation during school holidays. They have even interfered mentality and act with ruthless ferocity in addressing domestic with my businesses uncontrollably. I love my wife but of late I am issues particularly that affect men. Page | 44
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017 mood less and want my space in the family. Either they stop their 4:68 Suggestions for tackling VAMB nuisance or we separate for life.‛ Participants in the cross-sectional quantitative survey in the FDGs -FDG Participant Faith Based Organization, Nairobi County were asked what actions they thought should be taken at social- structural levels. While the government was perceived as having the ‚I would rather write my mum or sister as the next of kin to my major role in establishing and implementing laws, the responsibility matrimonial property since you never know, your husband might for punishing perpetrators was seen to reside with the community, divorce you and live you with nothing‛ -Stakeholder since most women perpetrators are never prosecuted. At the social- structural level, men identified governmental systems as bearing the 4:65 Selective gender (women) empowerment government loans major responsibility for preventing VAMB. Commonly suggested Men reported being denied basic needs i.e. food or medication, one interventions were practical laws implemented without gender man stated:- discrimination.
‚I own a plot with my wife and have being saving money in a joint 4:69 Men’s Knowledge and attitudes account to start a business, I got sick to a point of been admitted in Understanding men’s knowledge attitudes and behaviors is one of the hospital. Due to lack of funds I thought of withdrawing the savings I key to developing effective public policy responses to VAMB. No reserved for starting a business but my wife refused to sign the study in the country has been done by the government to analyze the withdrawal form since we held a joint account. I persuaded her while status of the male gender and in particular the boy who has been in hospital bed to accept the idea or else sell the plot which we also subjected to neglect and discrimination. Men’s knowledge and owned jointly and she was hesitant even after convincing her that I attitudes about violence, its causes, consequences and prevention, bought the plot with my own salary. I was lucky God healed me and remain relatively unexplored and this may turn to be the only detailed was helped by a friend to pay the bill. She wanted me to die. research ever in Kenya. The study addressed gaps in the evidence by - 43 years, married with 2 children Nairobi County assessing men’s knowledge, attitudes of laws and policies.
4:66 Extent of health problems 4:70 Awareness of VAMB Men reported experiencing a wide range of physical, psychological All the groups reported that VAMB was common in their communities, and sexual including psychological issues i.e. fear, tension, depression, both inside and outside the family setup. Men talked about four suicidal ideation and other physical ailments. Willingness to report different types of violence be it emotional, physical, economic and abuse also varied by type:- ‚When I faced both physical and sexual sexual violence. The reasons given for violence ranged from suspicion violence from my wife, I didn’t do anything initially. But it got worse, of infidelity, irresponsibility, drugs, substance and alcohol abuse, and I told my son. We went and reported the lawyer and he said he desertion among many others: - ‚In this county many women are would help us get justice.‛ - 41 years, married Nyeri County employed and others are self-employed, At times, they work till midnight while some engaged in extra-marital affairs and abuse ‚The only place where men meet is the local drinking joint. If alcohol. They alive home late and are sometimes very violent to their someone faces problems, this is a good place to discuss and resolve boyfriends or husbands to conceal guilt.‛ the case.‛ -23 years, married Nyeri County -31 year’s, unmarried FGD participant, Nairobi County
4:67 Barriers to accessing assistance ‚I am an ex-convict and I must say that rape amongst the male gender Our survey looked at reasons why men did not seek care. The most is prevalent, not just in freedom but also in men jails where rape is the commonly mentioned reason was shame, pessimism about people and order of the day. This happens at the glare of prison wanders that fear of rejection: - ‚I thought of complaining about my wife to the have no power to arrest abusers in prisons. Cases of some male prison police station. But I didn’t, I thought that she would spike my food.‛ - wanders seducing and raping male convicts are rife. It is unfortunate, 23 years, married Nairobi County that this is the extent of neglect that males are subjected to in and out of freedom. -49 years, married FGD participant, Bugoma County ‚Once I confided an incident to the assistant chief, but it was of nonsense to him, he did not listen to me. Instead she ruled in favor of ‚Discrimination is rife in the working places: For example, I used to my wife even in her absence…‛ - 23 years, married Nyeri County work in a construction industry where some women were earning more than men and were doing less difficult duties in that company, it ‚I wanted to report assault by wife to police, but I have no money to is a fact that men are always manipulated in pay. Women have many bribe them and since I also don’t want to show my weakness, I am hidden allowances while men have to wait for end month salary. ‚ consoling myself and tolerating whatever will happen next.‛ - „ 28 years, married FGD participant, Kilifi County 40 years, married, Kiambu County 4:71 Perceived causes of violence ‚A majority of men think that a dispute between husband and wife Respondents were asked to explain perceptions of why GBV happens. should be a bedroom affair and thus hesitate to report. Many women Several explanations were put forward, including unemployment, assume that the men cannot have the guts to report a domestic patriarchal norms, unawareness of rights, alcohol and drug abuse and violence even after facing it regularly and that alone breeds more changing lifestyles. violence.‛ -34 years, married FGD participant, Nairobi County ‚These narratives suggest that men do not report violence to relevant 4:72 Patriarchal norms authorizes or family members due to stigma, cultural expectations Preferential treatment awarded a decade ago is no more:- ‚It is due to and social norms that men are responsible to preserve honor of their social and cultural norms that exist in our society. There was a families‛ -40 years, married, FDG participant Kilifi County tendency in our society that women should not be educated and only
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017 men but today it is the other way round. A majority of men and boys least the young family members have an obligation to take care of are now on the receiving end‛ their elderly parents to the best of their ability. -41 year’s, unmarried FGD participant, Nakuru County The study showed that over 70% of men above 60 years are abused by ‚Even if women are more educated than men, [men] are considered their wives. It is unfortunate that senior citizens suffer considerable superior, and their opinions are supported, but woman are always from lack of proper medical care financial and social security. The considered less knowledgeable.‛ most affected according to the study were the elderly men in -35 years, married FGD participant, Kilifi County comparison with women. The precepts of the bill are as follows:- 4:73 Lack of awareness on men’s rights 1. A comprehensive monthly stipend. Many women felt men’s lack of awareness of their rights has increased 2. Complete medical cover. their vulnerability and decreased their ability to respond to violence. 3. Access to credit at favorable rates. Since men are not aware of their rights like women, they are more 4. Favorable insurance coverage. susceptible to violence: 5. An act of parliament to compel their children to take responsibility of caring for their parents. ‚It’s all because of lack of awareness. If men knew about their rights, 6. Subsidized travelling cost in public transport. there would be no violence in the community. If men were 7. Subsidized cost in restaurant etc. empowered, they respond easily and can be the solution to end GBV.‛ -30 years, married FGD participant, Nakuru County 4:77 Gender violence and introduction of Marriage Contract (MC) The study showed that marriage has become a farce and has been 4:74 Alcohol consumption compromised by foreign and artificial values in the social, religious In addition to social and cultural norms of gender inequality, several and economic aspects in this rapidly changing world. Marriage groups also focused on the role that alcohol can play in increasing ceremonies which cost lots of money are an eyesore and just side levels of violence in society: shows of entertainment with no real background and meaning for the future of the family unit but sheer vanity. ‚The wife usually waits for her husband for dinner after finishing her household chores. But the husband comes home drunk; she suspects Participants said that a majority of abused men would wish to engage him of not being loyal to him and accuses him of having extra-marital in a Marriage Contract MC rather than a bound themselves with a affairs. We have seen such cases but they don’t justify violence. One legal marriage that is not sure to last as they said that women are should use honorable ways to express herself without infringing on potential male abusers and this will work as an exit to freedom after others rights.‛-30 years, married FGD participant, Machakos County discovering one is violent.
‚Couples should uphold dialogue, separate or divorce as a solution Majority abused men said that marriages are a long frustrating instead of violence‛ -22 years, married FGD participant, Kisii County gridding affair with no exit except death. Men expressed that such marriages should have a plan B, say if a marriage does not work in the 4:75 Elderly men are more at risk of gender violence first 3 years. The marriage contract agreement should be done by a The elderly men in particular above the age of 65 years are prone to reputable private family lawyer. Some men blamed bridegrooms who gender violence and abuse. This was revealed in the focus group while masquerading as advisors poach wives and are synonymous with discussions where stakeholders expressed that elderly men are the adage that says while the cats away the mice will play. marginalized in terms of assistance by children where they tend to care for the mother more than the father. 80% of abused men said that their marriage relationship was hell and regretted having married as their social/economic status showed Men were also discriminated in government grants at the expense of dismal improvement in comparison with when they were not married. women. These findings were registered in all counties where respondents called on awareness campaigns and elderly registration 4:78 Changing social norms and access to technology of door to door in order to equally help elderly men with grants, Some unmarried participants from Nakuru County mentioned their medication, food and other benefits. The research found out that over perception of links between ‚modernization‛ and the risk of violence. 85% of the elderly men above 65 years were discriminated and as a Increased access to pornographic movies through mobile result ended up been abused regularly by their wives basically due to technologies has changed sexual behaviors and what they demand of old age and inability to work since they depend on their spouses who their partners. In addition, some married men from Kisumu County in many cases are younger and energetic. felt that women’s ‚modern‛ style of dress was ‚provocative‛ to men.
4:76 Creation of a Senior Citizen Bill ‚Some women are taking advantage of foreign males who are mostly After the age of 60, most productive part of a person life is over. It is ignorant of customs and social setups of African society. Many are time for someone to retire in the comfort of old age having worked gold diggers and con artists out to fleece unsuspecting foreigners off for the development of the country for the best part of one’s life. The their money, property and often con them into matrimony.‛ state has an obligation to compensate and provide substantial income -Stakeholder FGD Bugoma County to senior citizens. The current remuneration per month to senior citizen is not enough. ‚Nowadays violence also occurs because of the growing use of mobile This is a collective responsibility which also is an obligation to every phones. Boys and girls watch pornography in their mobiles thus one including the government. Insurance industry and last but not imitate such acts, and that’s what drives sexual violence among school going children, this ought to be classified as sexual violence. Page | 46
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
Women too need to dress up decently. There are many ways of ‚There should be an awareness program in every County headed by dressing in regard to where one is going or what time it is or what one the Governor’s office to prevent GBV. Community should be made is does!‛ -29 years, married FGD participant, Kilifi County aware of domestic abuse and violence, speak up freely and look for ways to minimize gender violence.‛ 4:79 Knowledge of existing laws and policies -21 years, FGD participant, Meru Methodist University Findings suggest that levels of awareness concerning GBV laws and policies were low among men in all study Counties. ‚Though I am not ‚Empowerment policies by the government should be established that educated, I know something about these laws. Am aware that countrywide for survivors and take initiatives to lead from the front there are stiff penalties and laws about sexual violence, however, I through civic education, enlightening citizens on provisions of law don’t know what that law states.‛ and punishment to perpetrators.‛ -34 years, married FGD participant, Machakos County -39 years, married FGD participant, Meru County‚
4:80 Knowledge of support systems for GBV survivors, access barriers ‚Laws should be put into practice properly. There is a tendency among Though men had a relatively low level of knowledge about specific some women magistrates, chiefs and assistants and police personnel’s. laws on gender-based violence, they were more able to identify The mindset of most of them is biased and evil and is always set to formal and informal local support mechanisms for women who had persecute men no matter the facts on the table in order to protect been subjected to violence. None of the men were able to name a their fellow women. Due to such corruption and gender favoritism, specific program that had been implemented to address GBV. Men most of women perpetrators go scot free and even mock the abuse were aware of the role of the police, NGOs and Children’s Office. man, threatening them with more serious consequences if they dare report again.‛ 41 year, married FGD participant, Kiambu County However, none of the participants mentioned specific mechanisms dedicated to addressing VAMB, Men’s perceptions were that women ‚My male cousin has been in murder row for years and faces capital seek help in different settings depending on the type of abuse, the sentence. Women on capital crimes are not sentenced to death but perpetrator, and the initial responses of informal community are reprieved on lesser charges of manslaughter. Isn’t the law members:- supposed to be equal irrespective of gender?‛ -56 years married 3 children Kisii County ‚If there is an argument, women don’t need to go far, they start from mothers’ union which settles the dispute. If that is not possible, they ‚Society looks upon male survivors with disdain. The government go to the police. At first they try to settle it within the family and should come forward to manage them by teaching them life skills for community level. Talk of men, they are so complicated, even the free in-order to break the yoke of cultural slavery that has held them closest friend might not be aware of abuse in his family only when he captives since time immemorial.‛ is not able to conceal in a case of physical assault.‛ - 29 years, married FGD participant, Bugoma County -21 years, FGD participant, Moi University Student ‚Even though men complain in drinking joints, they do not take Some women noted that men’s access to existing services that address further action; Law is not strict on violence against males.‛ -39 years, violence could be limited by a range of factors, including lack of unmarried FGD participant, Kakamega County awareness, fear of retribution, and the negative attitudes of service providers: - Specific training programs to enhance men’s life skills, and increased access to employment opportunities for men were mentioned:- ‚It is next to impossible for a man to go and report violence, if he goes for help at the police station, chances are that they end up colluding ‚GBV survivors should be given free legal representation and with the wife and he is rearrested instead.‛ provided with relief package. For example, in case of assault, most -25 years, participant, Mt Kenya University Student cases lead to separation and divorce and it would be prudent to empower the survivor with free life-skill trainings as a stepping stone ‚Men do not report domestic violence from their family because of to start income generating activities.‛ male ego. Many fear that if they report such incidents, they will be -20 years, FGD participant, Pwani University neglected and excluded by their family members.‛-24 years, FGD participant, Catholic University 4:82 Factors associated with knowledge of the laws on GBV and rights We assessed men’s awareness of different laws protecting them 4:81 VAMB and GBV prevention and protection in the community against violence. Awareness of laws was associated with level of Men had a number of key suggestions for preventing gender-based education, marital status and ethnicity, exposure to mass media, violence and supporting survivors in their communities: social network and place of residence. Education shows a strong 1. Fight stigmatization and create public VAMB awareness. correlation with knowledge of laws related to gender-based violence. 2. Provide life-skills training to the survivors of VAMB. 3. Enact laws and effectively implement programs. 4:83 Attitudes towards male battery and sexual violence Women were asked to rate statements measuring their attitudes 4. Ensure sufficient, trained health care providers and professional towards male battering. police officers to handle GBV cases. 1. 50% of women were optimistic that beating a man is culturally 5. Develop strategies to engage men in GBV prevention. wrong and they would rather divorce. 6. Include GBV studies in the school Curriculum. 2. More than 20% women reported that it is justifiable for a woman to batter his husband if he is alcoholic, irresponsible, unfaithful or sexual depravation would be a reason for male-beating. Page | 47
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
3. 95% of men were against male battery. unrealistic noise in the kitchen using utensils, whistling and singing 4. 5% males argued that male battery to irresponsible or alcoholic funny songs, shouts to children, bangs the door and sleeps late men is justified as a disciplinary measure. watching TV etc. All this is done intentionally to ignite petty arguments and divisions which sometimes lead to physical abuse 4:84 Characteristics of abusive women against men. Some main characteristics of abusive women are as follows:- 4:90 Denial of conjugal rights 4:85 Superiority complex The abuser always shows unwillingness to commit her-self to sexual The study showed that, one of the major reasons for women becoming intercourse due to unclear reasons. She always blackmails the man abusive to their husbands according to the research is due to with unwarranted family unpaid bills which she forces him to pay competition in family leadership. According to people interviewed before sex. The man either pays or pledges to pay later and promises 80% of the women who are abusive to their husbands suffer from gifts and money in-order to get his conjugal right. Suddenly the superiority complex dis-order. woman is willing and demands excessive sex, the man is forced in action nightlong. 4:86 Alcohol and drug abuse. 4:91 Controlling behaviors This is a major cause and trigger in domestic abuse and The abuser may be upset if the man is late after work, shopping, violence. People who are intoxicated have less impulse control and visiting friends and questions closely about every move when away. are easily frustrated thus have greater chance of domestic She demands to know all the people you communicated with and the misunderstandings. They are generally prone to resort to violence as a subject. She demands control over your salary and forces you to solution to their problems. Many women who abuse men are surrender the mobile phone for scrutiny where the man is warned not frequently secret abusers of alcohol and drugs. to delete messages and call lists of the day. Most women in this group are unfaithful, adulterous and use witchcraft to detain husband at 4:87 Borderline Personality Disorder home or monitor the husband in his work place to see who visits him. a. Borderline personality disorder is a diagnosis that is found almost Men in this category are most likely to be professionals i.e., doctors, exclusively with women. advocates, accountants and politicians etc. b. 50% of women have a borderline personality disorder which is a major driver to domestic abuse and violence. 4:92 Cruelty to children c. Disorders are also associated with stress, suicidal behavior, The abuser has unrealistic expectations of the husband and is often severe possessive mood swings, hypocrisy and deceit. mirror in her attitude towards children. Insulting them regularly and d. Women who are abusive towards men usually have unrealistic punishing them randomly because of quire mistakes and calling expectations and make unrealistic demands to men so as to children obscene and abusing them like adults where they are always instigate violence and frustrate their husbands. This distorts the mishandled and are always crying aloud and stressed. Most of these mind of the husband who cannot concentrate leading to drugs children are demoralized and their education is grossly affected. and alcohol abuse due to stress and depression which has led to many men losing their jobs due to change of character caused by 4:93 Premenstrual syndrome marital differences and emotional abuse from the wife. There are certain psychological problems, primarily personality e. Abusive women typically have repeated episodes of nagging, disorders, in which women are characteristically abusive and violent depression, anxiety, frustration and irritability which they towards men. Some women abusers were associated with attribute to a man’s behavior. Their mental and emotional state is Premenstrual syndrome which affects their moods are demand as a result of their own insecurity and emotional problems. 90% unrealistic comfort and blaming the man on everything. women pick up these characters from their mothers. f. Abusive women blame men rather than admit guilt while they Women in this condition experience among other challenges like i.e. are equally the cause of disputes instead many refuse to admit lasting irritability and anger, which may include frequent outbursts at change and fuel more domestic violence. loved ones, feelings of tension or anxiety, panic attacks, mood swings, crying disinterest in daily activities and relationships, trouble thinking 4:88 Verbal abuse or focusing, feeling out of control or overwhelmed, fatigue, low The abuser is cruel and hurtful either in public or private. The abuser energy, food craving, irritability, anger, stress, crying, oversensitivity, always uses degrading scathing remarks using strong and obscene feeling nervous and anxious, iterating sadness and rage. Men don’t abusive words. The abuser has a habit of repeating words like stupid understand this challenges and a majority assume that women are the frequently and sometimes without any reason. worst pretenders. Many women take advantage and abuse men in the name of premenstrual syndrome. The abuser appears to love you but always talks negatively about you to friends and relatives while blaming everything on you and Premenstrual syndrome affects a high percentage of women of portraying herself like a person who made the wrong choice of childbearing age, with many women feeling mood changes in the days marriage. She boosts around saying that if it were not for her the man before monthly periods. And while menstrual symptoms like would be useless and no woman would wish to be married by him. irritability, anger, and mood swings are a monthly bother for most women, severe PMS can be emotionally debilitating for some. 4:89 Infectious insults The abuser is disrespectful and always does things the wrong way intentionally to subtle an argument that sometimes ignites a fight. She over salts food, puts excessive sugar in tea, delay or over cooks food, goes to bed or kitchen immediately after serving ,makes Page | 48
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
10. 35% married men, married in a hurry without precautions due to age factor and did not consider i.e. history, morals, age, education, number of kids, parents home, clan or HIV status. 11. 25% of married wives forced their husbands into marriage by holding themselves hostage in the man’s house. 12. 10% married men were forced to marry by their relatives or friends and some were introduced to prospective bride. 13. Only 20% of married men married the woman of their choice and took their time before engaging in matrimony. 14. 50% men who undergone a church or legal wedding were either blackmailed or forced by the woman and or in laws. Chapter 5 15. 30% men discovered too late they married the wrong woman. 16. 50% couples do not enjoy their marriage life. 17. 80% abused men reported that their phones were regularly Selected Counties scrutinized by their wives and sometimes forced to leave behind their phones with their wives when going to work. 18. 30% male population is single by choice and not willing to get a future partner due to fear of a stressful marriage. Analysis and Findings 19. Illicit liquor brewing is women dominated in slums, men are lured into drinking dens by prostitutes who rip them off their cash, mobile phones and property. 5:1 County 1 - Nairobi 20. 6 out of 10 marriages, women are dictators and dominate Nairobi County by virtue of its size, population and diversity takes the visually everything where the husbands have no say in matters of lion share of all gender and domestic related crimes. The study family and children including the sharing of their salaries. showed that gender relations in Nairobi County are so strained in 21. Over 300 men are drugged and left unconscious in comparison with any other county. Nairobi County is in other words, entertainment sports, cars and trenches after being dosed with the hotbed of husband barterers and abusers where now men have to chemical substances by their girlfriends in various drinking joints train themselves in marital arts to avoid being battered by their wives. in the City. Men lose their hard earned cash, property and cars Nairobi area including Kiambu County led in these kinds of crimes at after they are lured to strip dancer’s establishment by women the family level. In many households, the wives and their relatives who are organized to rob men off their property and money. have well organized schemes to fleece off their husbands money and 22. Nairobi was rated most corrupt on regard to court cases against property by conning their spouses to open bank accounts in the name men, 5 men lose their hard earned property to women through of their wives. The study showed that women are luring unsuspecting theft, court injunctions and unfair alimony attachments daily. husbands to invest and register their property in their names and hold Cases of men dying mysteriously in some hospitals where they deed to property and money. Husbands are thereafter kicked out with are taken ill by spouses with minor ailments are common. the help of biased laws that only protect the rights of women and 23. Hospitals especially private health institutions are potential condemn men. The research revealed that some women have being dangerous places to get treated especially if a man is in bad hiring kidnappers to raise ransom from their husbands. Nairobi terms with the wife according to the study. County is in a gender crisis that needs immediate intervention. 24. Most men who live in this county die at relatively young age after they have attained their life’s dreams of an average of between The study showed the following results:- 40 and 50 in comparison with other counties. 1. A total of over 350,000 men in Nairobi County were affected by 25. Some women in Nairobi County have formed crime syndicates gender and domestic abuse and violence. whose major aim is lure men with sex which leads into dragnets 2. The study revealed that an average of over 230,000 men and fraudulent schemes to swindle them money and property. experienced emotionally abuse in their lifetime while over 26. A man living in Nairobi today faces a myriad of risks especially 115,000 men experienced emotional abuse regularly. persons of means, problems increase tenfold. 3. An average of over 123,000 men experienced economical and 27. Majority men living in Nairobi County are mentally, physical abuse in their lifetime while over 61,000 men physiologically and emotionally affected which has made them experienced economic and physical abuse regularly. potential victims of stress, depression, torture and chronic 4. 8 out of 10 spousal killings are female oriented and cut across diseases i.e. high blood pressure, stroke and diabetes and cancer property and love triangles and happen in all classes of society. 28. Many families in this county have only a grave of the once 5. 6 out of 10 men are polygamists in this county where most of productive husband who died on unclear circumstances. them hide the status due to fear of abuse from the first wife. 6. The study showed that in 80% of Nairobi county men residents 5:2 Some serialized comments from respondents in Nairobi County:- are victims of economic exploitation by women due to the high 1. ‚Currently marriages are based on material wealth than love and rate of prostitution and sex blackmail. trust; you might learn later that your wife was after wealth where 7. 7 out of 10 men in this county are blackmailed by their spouses in you are heartbroken the rest of your life.‛ order to enjoy conjugal rights. -31 years old, married with 2 children, Nairobi County 8. 80% married men were forced by circumstances to get into marriage due to many factors. 2. ‚I love my wife very much but of late I have come to realize that 9. 20% of married men were forced to give in to a marriage she is somehow a gold digger, we used to have a very smooth because the woman was pregnant. sexual relation but lately it comes with a pay return. I own several Page | 49
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
properties and she wants some of them to be registered in her time I demand for conjugal rights I must part with something name. When I object, she is moody for days and refuses to have whether substantial or pledge before sex.‛ sex with me.‛ -33 years, married 2 children, Nairobi County -32 years, married, cart puller, Nairobi County
3. ‚I suffered mild depression last year and my wife and in-laws 10. ‚Unknowingly, I took spiked beer from a female colleague who colluded with certain doctors who had me interned in Mathare had taken me out; I romantically sucked her breast unaware that Mental Hospital. I was certified insane which of course I am not, I they were laced with the drug, one thing led to another. To my am appealing this in a court of law since I suspect that they are surprise in the morning she claimed I had raped her and she after my real estate which is considerable…I later learnt that threatened to report. I had to part with some cash every many men have gone through the same scheme by their weekend to silence her. If it was the opposite, it would be like spouses.‛ -52years, married, 6 children, Nairobi County murder case and I would be arrested, charged immediately and rotting behind bars -23 years, University Student. Nairobi County 4. ‚My wife and I are strange bedfellows; I am ashamed to say that my conjugal rights are compromised. Whenever I need sex, I 11. ‚The magistrate imprisoned me without fully considering my have to pay either in cash or in kind and in very rare evidence. It was framed rape and I was the scapegoat. I had circumstances free when she is in a good mood… this is driving never seen the complainant nor was I near the place where she me crazy and I am contemplating divorce.‛ was raped. The magistrate took her word as fact since she -28 years, married, Nairobi County appeared very emotional in court. Now I am an innocent inmate in prison because of the fact that the complainant was a female.‛ 5. ‚Men are my most frequent visitors in my clinic. Most of them -37 years separated with 3 children ‚Nairobi County. have developed stress related conditions and need to be separated with wives in order to heal, but where will you take 5:3 County 2 - Kiambu them? Safe homes in Kenya are a vocabulary that needs to be Kiambu County has a negative history when it comes to gender and sorted urgently. Naturally men believe that they are tough and domestic violence related matters. Its inhabitants are known to have when the going gets tough, the tough gets going which is not certain negative aspects that do not endear them much to the rest of always the formula to any problem.‛ the other Counties particularly in regard to women. It is common -42 years, married, Sociology, Nairobi County knowledge that women in this place will stop at nothing to make a fast buck. Many cases abound where men return to their ancestral 6. ‚Many wives nag the husbands for a lifestyle that they can hardly homes laden with only some clothes in a paper bag minus all the afford; forcing majority of men to corrupt financial transactions wealth invested in Kiambu County left behind intact. and criminal activities. This is one common emotionally abuse that men are subjected to by their wives in this capital. I am The basic common misfortune of many men who have once married personally a victim of this abuse regularly, she even tells me to Kiambu women are victims of eviction with only their clothes on their buy her a car while I own none‛ back having forfeited their wealth to their wives. According to -32 years, married with 3 children, Nairobi County respondents interviewed, men in Kiambu County are at the mercy of women and if a man goes against the wishes of his wife he is doomed 7. ‚I work in a studio in a local broadcasting station. Most of my to fail. He might be poisoned, bewitched, disabled mentally or colleges are young ladies…I am the butt of jokes and they make outright killed. It is no wonder that this County has registered a high scathing remarks about me. Sometimes they sexually harass me number of wealthy male deaths which remains mysterious while by showing off their privates so as to get irritated and resign. others maintain that they are normal accidents by thugs which was Whenever something goes wrong in the studio, they point refuted by facts. accusing fingers at me although in most cases I am not to blame. My boss believes them without question since he has love affair According to a majority of respondents, most of them had common with them and am forced the hard tasks as they get promotion at views on the following:- my expense, no choice but to bear the burden of torture.‛ 1. It showed that a total of over 176,000 men in Kiambu County -31 years married with 4 children Nairobi County were affected by gender and domestic abuse and violence. 2. The study revealed that an average of over 120,000 men 8. ‚Women have become experts in arranging accidents and experienced emotionally abuse in their lifetime while over where especially if their husbands are well endowed financially. 60,000 men experienced emotional abuse regularly. Authorities should look deep enough in any suicide, drowning or 3. It revealed that an average of over 56,000 men experienced any innocent looking accident involving affluent individuals. economic and physical abuse in their lifetime while over 28,000 They might get a big surprise. My business partner died on men experienced economic and physical abuse regularly. mysterious circumstances, he was discovered drowned in a dam, 4. 8 out of 10 spousal killings are female oriented and cut across but his Range Rover Sports was missing. Investigations revealed property and love triangles and happen in all classes of society. that the wife was the mastermind behind the murder and the 5. 50% of Kiambu men are victims of economic exploitation by disappearance of the state of the art vehicle, after her arrest, it women due to high rate of prostitution and sex blackmail. was discovered that she was a key suspect.‛ 6. 95% abused men reported that their phones were regularly -41years, married 4 children, Nairobi County scrutinized by their wives and sometimes forced to leave behind 9. ‚During our early days, life was smooth and everything used to their phones with their wives when going to work. be okay with respect to each other, but soon after my wife has 7. 6 out of 10 men are polygamists in this county where most of turned our sex life into batter trade or blackmail where every them hide the status due to fear of abuse from the first wife.
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
8. 7 out of 10 men in this county are blackmailed by their spouses in and charged with attempted murder. She was later freed on order to enjoy their conjugal rights. grounds of insufficient evidence. I wonder which evidence the 9. It showed that male mortality rate in this county is alarming with police sought.‛-36 years, married, 4 children Kiambu County men dying before their 50th birthday, no wonder, you find relatively young widows in their late 30’s. 3. ‚Some women get married with hidden intensions of exploiting 10. Some men’s deaths are premeditated and masterminded by the husband, In this community there are several cases of this wives, girlfriends, exes, sometimes relatives who are next of kin. category where some women take advantage of their husbands, 11. Many men die mysteriously after prolonged domestic disputes in Little did they know that all of this would come to an end in the to what respondents said were women oriented deaths. most unexpected way, also little did they know that their wives 12. Many respondents said that if a man from another county held ambitions of their own secretly. All their property including marries a woman from Kiambu County, one should be careful the plots, business stock, savings and household property are since chances of manipulation by the wife and relatives are high. stolen in cohorts with other people where the men are left 13. It showed that 4 out of 10 men ended up losing property after paupers with nothing to hold on.‛ unwillingly investing in his in-laws backyard. -38 years, married 2 children Kiambu County 14. The study showed that 2 out of 10 men have lost their lives and property and the most affected are men who have invested in 4. ‚I am not sure where her wife is almost all nights since she claims real estate where they are conned after giving in to developing that she is always on night duty at the hospital. The man suspects plots owned by their spouses who later turn against them. she is cheating on him and says he loves his kids but not prepared 15. Private hospitals in the county according to respondents have to continue doing household chores. When he tries to explain become death traps for men. These points to one thing himself to her she turns violent, batters and abuses him in front according to majority respondents that some doctors have been of the kids and sometimes threatens him with death if he dares compromised by unscrupulous women to inject poisonous live her. He was contemplating suicide in the time of the study; substances to their spouses due to money and property. we had to first help by counseling him to abandon the idea.‛ 16. The study showed that this county was leading in the number of -30 years, unmarried FGD participant, Kiambu County young windows after mysterious demise of their husbands. 17. According to the opinion of most people Kiambu County is a 5. ‚I am a junior clerical officer in a government ministry. My wife danger zone for men and to get a bride one should be very comes from a very well up family. Recently, to my surprise I found careful to make the right choice. a brand-new Toyota Harrier in our compound. Upon inquiry, she 18. 7 out of 10 marriages, women are dictators and dominate informed me that it belonged to her, bought by her father. My visually everything where the husbands have no say in matters of opinion was not sought over the matter, I begrudge her new car family and children including the sharing of their salaries. but she is worth sharing it with me. Now she tells all and sundry 19. 9 out of 10 career women are unmarried and have 1 or 2 children that she is the real master of the house, it is so distressing, 20. 8 out of 10 women were very particular with economic status of sometimes I feel like living my own life without a wife.‛ prospective husbands before marriage. -39 years, married with 3 children, Kiambu County 21. 9 out of 10 marriages started with a come we stay. 22. 5 out of 10 marriages separated after 2 to 4 years 6. ‚I am a staunch born again Christian, whenever I go home late; 23. 80% married women would not write husbands as next of kin. she suspects me of having extra-marital affairs, she denies me 24. 60% married men write their mother or sisters as next of kin. sex and slaps me with impunity, I can’t share with anyone, I have 25. 40% married men wish to write children as next of kin. tried suicide more than seven times; this was not my 26. 20% men have no problem writing wives as next of kin. expectations in marriage.‛ 27. Men living in the urban area are prone to domestic abuse more -26 years, married 2 children Kiambu County than those in the rural areas. 28. The study showed that elderly men above ages 65 years are more 7. Death plots and threats are a weapon some women together venerable to abuse than women of the same age. with male accomplices are using to intimidate and terrorize men 29. Women adamantly refuse to pay alimony to men living with kids. into abandoning their property or sell their property at a throw 30. Women use children born out of wedlock as bait to exploit men away price. In most of these cases the man’s wife is behind this by demanding exorbitant alimony expenses. scheme. I am a victim of these type of abuse and I was left a 31. A majority of men are more deeply affected by abuse leading pauper after selling my property at a throw away price, not them to suicide, stress, depression and chronic diseases i.e. high knowing that my wife was behind the plan to freeze my property blood pressure, stroke and diabetes. Many men as a result turn to and divorce me later.‛ -49 years, divorced, Kiambu County alcohol, drugs and substance abuse for solace. 8. ‚I retired last year from civil service and it seems things are not 5:4 Some serialized comments from respondents in Kiambu County:- going the normal way in my family currently. My children are all 1. When my wife is not at home, she is in her father’s home which is adults above 18 years and instead of celebrating my successful mile away. My mother in-law has a habit of passing by my home achievements in life, my house wife has embarked on a smear and I have on several occasions seen my wife and her mother campaign to gang up with my children against me on alleged chatting over the fence in whispers. When I ask my wife what grounds that she is the one who has managed the family they are always discussing, she is evasive, I am afraid that my in- throughout their lives. It is unbelievable; this has caught me laws are invading my privacy and my relationship is unaware and affected my health, I have been diagnosed with deteriorating.‛-27 years, married, 2 children Kiambu County chronic ulcers.‛-55 years, married 7 children, Kiambu County 2. ‚A plot to kill my brother by the wife was unveiled by police. She ‚Am a pastor but the life I live with my legal wife is hell on earth, was trapped the day the murder was to be executed and arrested she insults me and abuses me like any other atheist. When I Page | 51
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
mention separation she becomes aggressive even to our 9. The study showed strange points where some men were forced children. I trust that she will change and be the angle I married 5 to sleep with invisible women and or mammoths and pulled their years back. One day she smashed the windows of our new car genitals and their necks choked. after telling her to change her satanic behaviors‛ 10. 75% men who were abused reported that their phones were -37 years, 3 children, Kiambu County regularly scrutinized by their wives and sometimes forced to leave behind their phones with their wives when going to work. 9. ‚Cases of house detention are a lot but they receive little 11. Majority of married men posted to the County have abandoned attention as they are done in secret by through devious means by their families and hardly ever go home upcountry to their wives with ulterior motives. Men don’t usually detain wives; families. Since it is a cosmopolitan City cultural values are detained men are usually blackmailed, abused, traumatized or nonexistent. Upcountry men are bewitched by ‚jinni‛ and end up even bewitched. The motive is superiority wrangles as women being sex slaves of coastal women who even use them as drug push to do as they wish without interference. Men in this conduits and peddlers. category are weaker physically and mentally. 12. It is a fact that witchcraft is very prevalent in this County. Men - Psychology, Kiambu County tourists are at very high risk from women prostitutes who con them into marriage and induce them to invest in real estate in 10. The mind set of society including Judges, magistrates, the County. Afterwards the poor man is divorced and is forced to lawmakers, prosecutors and implementers is prejudiced with the return to his home with the women inheriting his property. This concept that its only men who are potential perpetrators while has tarnished Coast women nationally and internationally. women are victims. So the big challenge is how to remove this 13. During the study MAWE conducted rescue mission case of some prejudice as justice cannot be implemented fairly.‛ foreigners trying to recover their property after being conned by - Stakeholder Kiambu County spouses and girlfriends. Local women after working for these foreigners for months as the house keepers later claim marital 5:5 County 3- Kilifi rights as legally married and demand half share of property. ‚Kuingia Mombasa ni rahisi, kutoka ni Ngumu‛ So the popular 14. Many men are junkies who lack production and managerial Swahili language adage goes. This is very much true for Kenya second values due to laziness that has been contributed by drug abuse largest port City. Not only does this apply to women but also to men. particularly hard drugs. Men are most venerable to the glitter and easy going life of this 15. The study showed that 5 out of 10 men have no say or County. Married men posted to the County have abandoned their contribution on family planning matters of their family. families and hardly ever go home upcountry to their families. Since it 16. 9 out of 10 wealthy married men have less than 3 children. is a cosmopolitan City cultural values are non-existent. Upcountry 17. 8 out of 10 families whose income is below average have more men are bewitched by ‚Majinni‛ and end up being sex slaves of than 5 children. coastal women who even use them as drug conduits and peddlers. 18. A majority of poor families have more than 6 children. 19. 70% Muslim families have more than 5 children. It is a fact that witchcraft is prevalent in this County. Men tourists are 20. Majority of the Somali families have more than 8 children. at very high risk from women prostitutes who con them into marriage and induce them to invest in real estate in the County. Afterwards the 5:6 Some serialized comments by respondents in Kilifi County:- poor man is divorced and is forced to return home with the women 1. ‚Law makers should stop in their tracks and review some of the inheriting property unfairly. This has given women of the Coast a bad laws empowering women unfairly. Some of the laws are name internationally. Kilifi is a neighbor to Mombasa County with outrageous and will act as a powder keg for increased gender more population. violence against the male gender in the near future. -31 years married with 3 children Kilifi County 1. The study showed that foreigners living in Kilifi County are victims of gender and domestic abuse and violence in the hands 2. ‚I am a farmer, married with four children. My wife is a born of foreign women counterparts and local women. again Christian. Since I don’t go to church she has personified me 2. 150.000 men are survivors of gender abuse of all kind. as the very devil himself. That does not get me worried at all but 3. The study revealed that an average of over 58,000 men the type of person she has become. No conjugal rights and she experienced emotional abuse in their lifetime while over 29,000 shifted to my children’s bedroom. She is an extremist usually men experienced emotional abuse regularly. condemning my every move. She has become a stranger not 4. It showed that a total of over 83,000 men in Kilifi County are caring about me or my property but taking refuge in the church affected by gender and domestic abuse and violence. almost all weekends and caring more on the pastor than family.‛ 5. An average of over 16,000 men experienced economical and -40 years, married 3 children, Kilifi County physical abuse in their lifetime while over 8,000 men experienced economic and physical abuse regularly. 3. ‚My wife has been a dictator in my life, for instance whenever we 6. 4 out of 10 spousal killings are female oriented and cut across go out for shopping or fun, I am burdened with the role of property and love triangles and happen in all classes of society. carrying our toddler. When I object the idea she denies me sex 7. 60% Kilifi men residents are victims of economic exploitation by on end days and talks rude and shouts at me with impunity. women due to the high rate of prostitution and sex blackmail. When I threaten her with separation she swears that she will 8. 8 out of 10 men are polygamists in this county where most of commit suicide that day. I suppose she is taking me for granted them hide the status due to fear of domestic abuse and violence due to me soft approach to issues but enough is enough as men from the first wife. who see me carrying our child look at us with disdain.‛ -33 years, married 3 children, Kilifi County
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
4. ‚My wife thinks that I have married another woman and calls me 5:7 County 4- Nyeri a prostitute; she alleges that am having an affair with an old Nyeri County is no more the place that was labeled as worst in woman and threatens me with separation. That does not worry husband abuse and violence in previous researches. However isolated me more since I have the right to do what I wish but sometimes cases which were highlighted in the media portrayed the County as she does not talk to me for a fortnight even after enjoying leading in domestic violence and abuse. Suffice to say, this County is conjugal rights regularly.‛ -38 years, married, Kilifi County gaining its lost glory since cases of gender abuse have decreased drastically compared to other Counties. 5. ‚There was an incident that happened to my friend since the day he got married; her mother-in-law made it a habit of visiting his This county has gained fame where currently men have trained family almost every weekend with a hidden motive. After the themselves in marital arts to avoid being battered by their wives. Men mother in-law leaves, the wife starts abusive words telling him respondents in this County gave views on selective gender that he was not her right choice of man because they are from empowerment programs and funding as a major reason for different tribes. These disturb the man to a point of depression. separations and divorce in marriages. The study dwelt on Women He is mentally disturbed and has become insane as a result due Fund that was created by the government to empower women to regular abuse.‛ -17-25 years, unmarried Kilifi County economically. Initially the fund was established with a good motive of lifting women’s economic standards but later breed adverse effects on 6. ‚Handicapped men are usually prone to all sorts of domestic men particularly those in the marriage bracket, creating more abuse. Some women do not care for their handicapped spouses; problems than it has solved. instead a majority of women think it’s time to take revenge on the helpless man on real or imagined deeds of the past. I am a The study analyzed some of pertinent issues raised by men on physically disabled man after an accident that left me totally selective gender empowerment on government loans and registered disabled. Since then I live a life full of sorrows daily. My wife has the following results:- turned my house into a brothel, exchanging men has been the 1. A total of over 36,000 men in Nyeri County were affected by order of the day. When I ask her she threatens to evict me. gender and domestic abuse and violence. Sometimes am starved for days with a single meal daily as she 2. The study revealed that an average of over 26,000 men spends most of the nights out abusing alcohol with friends. Lack experienced emotionally abuse in their lifetime while over of mobility has kept me alive, if I had the ability to walk I would 13,000 men experienced emotional abuse regularly. buy poison and kill myself like yesterday.‛ 3. An average of over 10,000 men experienced economic and -38 years, married, Kilifi County physical abuse in their lifetime while over 5,000 men experienced economic and physical abuse regularly. 7. ‚My wife is physically stronger and when she means it, she 4. The study revealed that 4 out of 10 spousal killings are female wrestles me down with kicks and jabs but only when she is oriented and cut across property and love triangles and happen sexually aroused. I cannot bare this any longer. We live in our in all classes of society. ancestral land where currently I do menial jobs as she works in 5. The study showed that in over 40% of Nyeri county men the Ministry of Agriculture.‛ -25 years, married, Kilifi County residents are victims of economic slavery by women due to the high rate of prostitution, sex blackmail and infidelity. 8. ‚Am a survivor of physical abuse, never mind when you see more 6. 65% men who were abused reported that their phones were and more men suffering from nervous breakdown and others regularly scrutinized by their wives and sometimes forced to committing suicide. Prevention is better than cure.‛ leave behind their phones with their wives when going to work. -30 years married 2 children Kilifi County 7. 3 out of 10 men are polygamists in this county where most of them hide the status due to fear of domestic abuse and violence 9. ‚When I got married business started charging to worst. My wife from the first wife. had encouraged in-laws to take credit. They owe a substantial 8. Women in this County are importing magic concoctions from amount of money and it is difficult to demand payment from in neighboring Kirinyaga County and using this abracadabra to laws.‛ -30 years married 6 children Kilifi County manipulate and confuse their husbands. 9. 7 out of 10 households have one sort of magic concoction or 10. ‚It has been established that employers favor the female gender another as part of wife arsenal to control their men. in job situation; women are promoted more and receive 10. It is worrying to see once intelligent men becoming more stupid relatively more pay in the same job group-This gender gap is also and senile day in day out as alcohol take effect. a driver of domestic violence in a situation where the woman is 11. Kirinyaga County which neighbors Nyeri holds the dubious the bread winner. Who will save the male gender from glaring distinction of being the brewer and the headquarters of illicit these disparities‛. -22 years Female youth Kilifi County brews of Central Kenya. 12. Some men in this County will take their whole end month pay 11. ‚We guys are potentially at risk from female, we are considered home and then beg spending money from their wives. like ‘cash crops’ by women gold diggers who target males for a 13. If a woman thinks that his man is becoming too tough or seems variety of reasons ranging from financial blackmail, forced sex he knows all the answers. She rushes to Kirinyaga County and and paternity issues, even our pocket savings as students are at gets the magic concoction and presto! His husband becomes risk from female colleagues who make sure they have dried us another child in the family. up.‛- 21 year, University Student Kilifi County 14. 6 out of 10 women who were facilitated with government loans were boasted by their husbands and where the husbands failed to pay up the property was auctioned.
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
15. 3 out of 10 women forge their husband’s signature and use their 4. ‚My wife’s relatives, with the encouragement of my wife have a identification card copy and also use the family property as habit of sending their numerous young children to join ours over collateral for loan without the man’s consent. the weekend. The din and chaos is incredible. My efforts to 16. 4 out of 10 women who access government loans don’t allow correct this have caused rifts with my in-laws. They say that I am their husbands participation in their business and don’t share a child hater. Instead of spending peaceful weekends at home, I their profits with their husbands but expects them to bail them am forced to seek alternative avenues of relaxation.‛ out in case of bankruptcy. -29 years, married, three children, Nyeri County 17. 4 out of 10 women who were facilitated government loans were unable to service their loans and were boasted by their husbands. 5. Some women use their husband’s identification card to facilitate Where husbands failed to pay loan, the property was auctioned. loans with one of the women Trust Banks without their 18. 30% of the women having squandered the loans are unwilling or knowledge where the property of the men becomes collateral unable to pay and thus desert their houses leaving their husbands for a loan. ‚She took a Loan of 4 Million which she invested to foot the bill. secretly with in-laws. Inevitably all my property fell under the 19. 7% as a result of defaulting to pay loans stage manage devious auctioneer’s hammer- meanwhile she disappeared into the blues actions like arson having removed important articles from the but of late I have reliable information on her whereabouts at house with hope of seeking sympathy from loaners and friends Nairobi where she opened a business in partnership with her two who organize fundraisers. Cases of this nature have been sisters.‛ -39 years, married 4 children, Nyeri County reported to the police. 20. 30% of women who access loans have extramarital affairs. 6. ‚Economic exploitation is rife all over. It is a fact that men are 21. 70% of husbands of women who access government loans suffer paid more than women in the village when it comes to manual emotional abuse regularly and treated as puppets with jobs that require man power but in comparison with the urban disrespect since women do the family roles. areas, women are paid more and sometimes with less academic 22. The study showed that government’s funds have caused a sharp qualifications and have greater chances of promotion, this is increase in the rate of separations and divorce cases with pushing the man to the rural areas in farming venture while a increased cases of homicide and suicide by irate husbands after majority of young ladies migrate to the urban places for white their property is auctioned while others are left with children collar jobs which they get with lower academic qualifications after they decamp off with the money. than men.‛ -29 years, married 2 children, Nyeri County 23. Majority of women who are successful after accessing loans buy and register property and business in their mothers or sisters 7. ‚Among this community, there is a trend where after active names with men having no right to inherit in case of death. employment most men are subjected to all manner of torture by their wives intentionally in order to accelerate their death, in 5:8 Some serialized comments from respondents in Nyeri County:- these community, a majority of the families only have graves of 1. ‚I have been a depressed man for over ten years now; my divorce once hard working men whose deaths were caused after a series case has delayed all this time due to unwarranted postponement of emotional abuse and torture well planned by their wives. by the court and lawyers. I think the idea is for me to give up or Personally am a victim and am treated as a stranger due to my die in the process of waiting for justice. The bond of contention age, I have since divorced my wife for fear of falling in the same is property sharing and unfortunately all the proceeds of the trap of fellow age mates but I still love my children who have rental apartments go to the account of my wife even after joined up with the mother to stage a coup de grace against me. requesting the court to share the profits equally till the case is My friend went through the same ordeal but succumb after been heard and determined. I have thought of fratricide as a solution slowly poisoned by the wife. ‛ -56 years, divorced, Nyeri County but fate disallows. I am fed up, I either get court justice or take the law in my hands, I cannot wait any longer!‛ 8. ‚I used to be a man of means with property, 2 hardware business -43 years, separated with 5 children, Nyeri County shops, a decent house and personal cars. My wife of three years used to manage the shops while I was in real estate in Thika 2. ‚Whatever a man can do a woman can do better’ this is town. I was shocked to realize later that my wife had transferred nonsense- We applied for money for the youth development. the ownership of my seven plots and business to her name The criteria used to disburse this money were unfair. 12 in without my knowledge. On enquiry she turned aggressive number, 5 females and 7 males, all the females got the money threatening me with death if I dare report the matter to police. whereas only one of us got it...‛ Immediately I discovered I was conned. Since then my life is full -27 years, married with 1 child, Nyeri County of depression and stress.‛ -36 year’s, Separated Nyeri County
3. ‚Some of the views of public aired by media invite a lot of 9. ‚Women feminist campaigns are outdated and a thing of the scathing remarks and nonsense from females against men. This past. Women have now been empowered relatively more than amounts to hate speech which results into unprecedented wave men and unless they have other vested interest they should of violence against men which include grievous bodily harm, invest their energy in creating comfortable and peaceful families genital mutilating and murder. It is hard to imagine a woman’s void of domestic violence.‛ comments on local TV saying ‘’Hawa wanaume tutaendelea -29 years married with 3 children Nyeri County kuwakata? Meaning, ‚We are going to continue chopping off men’s genitals.‛ This comments invited a lot of public outrage, 10. ‚A female student threatened framed up charges of sexual MAWE called on the immediate arrest of the woman culprit who molestation if I did not award her good grades, another made the remarks but no action was taken by the police on this blackmailed me for sex and money lest I would be in for false matter.‛ -29 years, married, 3 children Nyeri County sexual assault.‛ -University male lecturer ‚Nyeri County Page | 54
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
11. ‚We were happily married with my wife and had good 12. 8 out of 10 men who chew Miraa have more than 2 missing relationship with in laws, but after her death due to a road teeth’s due to its hazardous effects. accident I had to go to her ancestral home to claim land that she 13. This county is known for the exportation of women since a inherited from her parents. The normal cordial relationship was majority of them are more educated than men and prefer been no more since no one including the parents of my wife wanted to married by other men in other communities. see me after learning my intentions. One day I was almost killed 14. 4 out of 10 men who chew Miraa rarely take baths and don’t by goons after a meeting with the in laws about occupying the share same beds with their wives. disputed land while going home, I realized that my live was in 15. It showed cases of separation were rampant in this county. danger and from that day henceforth we became enemies and 16. It showed that 3 out of 10 men who have separated with their was robbed the piece of land. I reported to the area chief and wives stay with the children. police but all in vain. It is a fact that men have no rights‛ 17. It showed that this county is an exporter of young men to other -39 years single father 4 children, Nyeri County counties since dropout rate is high. 18. 2 out of 10 men have not enrolled in schools at all. 19. 1 out of 10 men admitted that their lives are under death threats 5:9 County 5 ” Meru from their wives and had reported to the police. Meru County is the hub for Miraa trade after Kenya government set 20. 3% of men sleep in panic that their violent wives might chop off aside funds to support Miraa like other cash crops. The amended their genitals. Crops Act will make the crop to benefit from government budgetary 21. 5 out of 10 men were not ready to marry a woman with children funding. from previous relationship. The farmers have now legal backing to chew, grow, harvest and sell 22. 1 out of 10 men is forced to do house chores i.e. cooking, cleans Miraa produce in the country without any hindrances. The Mediated the house, utensils, baths the kids while some babysit while the Version of the Miscellaneous Amendment Bill No 2 makes minor wife goes out with friends on weekends. amendments to the Crops Act to recognize Miraa as cash crop. The 23. 90% of husbands who are regularly abused share different beds Act obligates the National Government to establish mechanisms for with their wives and are denied conjugal right which has resulted promotion, production, distribution and marketing of Miraa as a cash to increase of marital rape. crop. What the act misses to address is the issue of abuse by under 24. In job opportunities and interviews, a higher percentage of age and gaps have been left since the under 18 particularly boys are females are recruited with lower grades than males. at risks of abusing Miraa like it has been the norm where all including 25. It showed that there is an upsurge of migration of young women women and children chew Miraa freely without taking note of the to urban areas in such of white collar jobs that require lower side effects of the substance. No wonder it has been normal for miraa grades than compared with men with similar qualifications and to be produced in some churches as material offerings. has led to the male youths been edged with limited vacancies that only require man power in the industries or farming sector. The following results were registered in Meru county:- 1. A total of over 106,000 men in Meru County were affected by 5:10 Some serialized comments from respondents in Meru County:- gender and domestic abuse and violence. When visitors come calling, I am worried stiff about the behavior 2. The study revealed that an average of over 66,000 men of my wife. Not that she is rude or impolite to them no, but it is experienced emotionally abuse in their lifetime while over her attitude towards me and the character she portrays about me 33,000 men experienced emotional abuse regularly. that makes me mad. She automatically assumes patronizing 3. An average of over 40,000 men experienced economic and altitudes, usually sidelining my comments and leaving no doubt physical abuse in their lifetime while over 20,000 men who is the head of the house. She makes scathing jokes about me experienced economic and physical abuse regularly. in front of visitors. This has been very embarrassing as a man, 4. 8 out of 10 abused men said that their marriage relationship was battering her won’t work, probably divorce will.‛ hell and regretted having married since their economic status -46 years, married, 4 children Meru County. showed dismal improvement compared to when they were unmarried. 1. ‚Sexual assault against men is the order of the day in this 5. Meru women were most aggressive than others from other community with a majority of women becoming sexual deviates. communities where assaulting men was a common phenomenon. ‚Every time that my wife needs sex she becomes violent, she 6. Many women hear were aggressive when denied conjugal rights batters me weekly and my back and legs are full of scars with by men which led to battering them in the bedroom. mouth bites. I persisted the abuse because I love her but of late 7. 8 out of 10 men chew Miraa while 4 out of 10 women chew she has settled on my manhood, pulling and squeezing my Miraa in this County. genitals and sometimes threatening to chop them off, it has been 8. 2 out 10 men in this county have been severely affected Miraa so painful to let go, no matter how much I love her I have given chewing and have been reduced to zombies since they are up, am not alone in this problem, most women in this community addicted and chew on day and night ends. behave like this. MAWE should create awareness campaigns.‛ 9. It showed that majority of men who chew Miraa are abused by -40 years, single father 2 Children Meru County.‛ their wives and spend most of their nights in town Centre’s due to fear of abuse when they go home. 2. ‚My wife’s friend is a professional gossiper, I usually meet her in 10. 7 out of 10 married men in this county were forced by my house talking evil about peoples husbands to everyone she circumstances to get into marriage. comes across, am worried that this character assassination is a 11. 6 out of 10 men are polygamists in this county where most of threat to my family, it drives me crazy. Women here have the them hide the status due to fear of domestic abuse and violence habit of washing dirty linen in public giving their men sleepless from the first wife. nights.‛-36 years, with 5 children, separated, Meru County‛ Page | 55
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
3. ‚Am a pastor by profession, my wife started being unbecoming 11. ‚I separated with my wife 3 years ago, since then she denied me and rude regularly, with the hope that things will change to the visitation rights, to my surprise all my salary is diverted to her better, she went ahead to tarnish my reputation in church. Now while am left with nothing for food, courts are biased to men.‛ am under siege, she batters me and threatens to extend the -37 years separated Meru County ‚ violence in front of members of my church. Am going through hell but cannot reveal this to anybody due to the status of my 5:11 County 6 ” Kisii work. I came to realize that this is the norm to many of my fellow The following results were registered in Kisii County:- pastors in churches, at least we are consoling each other but this 1. The study showed a total of 72,000 men in Kisii County are emotional abuse has really affected our performance as pastors.‛ affected by gender and domestic abuse and violence. -48 years, married, 4 children Meru County.‛ 2. The study revealed that an average of over 54,000 men experienced emotionally abuse in their lifetime while over 4. ‚I am a victim of physical violence but am not ready to make a 27,000 men experienced emotional abuse regularly. report on the same, as a person of high political profile, where 3. An average of over 18,000 men experienced economic and do you expect me to report? The police will link my family affairs physical abuse in their lifetime while over 9,000 men and will lead to voters losing faith in me. I would rather suffer in experienced economic and physical abuse regularly. silence and save my career in active politics. I have contemplated 4. The study showed that a majority of people who engage in to revenge in all means; otherwise my wife cannot be the brewing and selling illicit brews are women. stumbling block to my career advancement. I still sympathies 5. 4 out of 10 women who access government loans don’t allow with her as the mother of my children but I cannot tolerate this their husbands participation in their business and don’t share nagging life any longer‛ -36 years, married, Meru County‛ their profits with their husbands but expects them to bail them out in case of bankruptcy. 5. ‚My wife usually pretends to be deaf when I come home at 6. 6 out of 10 women who were facilitated with government loans night. On several nights I have slept out either in the car or were unable to service them and were boasted by their husbands servant quarters ” in the morning we have a terrible row but she and where the husbands failed to pay up the loan, the family is unrepentant hinting that I should come home earlier or sleep property was auctioned. wherever I was. Suppose I am robbed or killed right outside my 7. 20% of the women are unwilling or unable to pay and desert house? Sometimes I think that that’s her wish so that she can their houses leaving their husbands to foot the bill. inherit my wealth as that has been the norm in our community.‛ 8. 7% women after defaulting stage manage devious actions like -40 years, married to 3 wives, 3 children, Meru County arson having removed households with the hope of seeking sympathy from loaners and friends who organize contributions. 6. ‚A neighbor has been subjected to all manner of abuses by his Cases of this nature are common. wife and children for years. His sons and wife have been 9. The study showed that 3 out of 10 women who access subjecting him to physical assault and now he is a traumatized government loans have extramarital affairs. man. Once when he forced his wife to have sex, the woman cried 10. 5 out of 10 men are polygamists where most of them hide the for help and all the sons came and beat up the poor man at status due to fear of abuse and violence from the first wife. midnight. He had to pack and go and rent a room at the local 11. 70% husbands of women who have accessed government loans town where he lives alone with everyone including his sons suffer emotional abuse regularly and are treated as puppets with deserting him.‛ -59 years, married 5 children Meru County.‛ disrespect since the wife does most of the family roles as she is economically empowered. 7. ‚Some inmates in prison accused of rape and defilement are innocent. I deal with them on a daily basis as prison warder and 5:12 Some serialized comments from respondents in Kisii County:- there are no secrets in prison, I can assure you that half of these 1. ‚I was stabbed by my wife after a domestic row, she lives in her cases are framed up and the inmates are innocent. Judges and parents rural home and to date she has never been arrested. On magistrates especially women are in a haste to cart them to jail enquiry am told by the police that I should forget her and that once rape is mentioned, no wonder appeals show insufficient women are many.‛ -32 years, separated 2 children Kisii County evidence.‛-32 years, married, 5 children Meru County 2. ‚My wife separated from me on very flimsy grounds that I was 8. ‚I am a survivor of regular physical violence; I have lost three of not giving her enough money. I drink moderate, I am not violet, I my fingers from mouth bites by my wife and am worried that she feed, educate and cloth my family. My wife is insatiable and might kill me one day. Love of my children has kept me in the greedy so is my in-laws. She has gone to women rights defenders relationship. This has also affected my career since many of my where to my surprise all my salary was attached as maintenance customers seem to be aware of my violent private life‛ allowances. I have been left with nothing to sustain myself, since -29 years, married, 3 children Meru County.‛ then I don’t see the need to continue working. I better resign and hustler menial jobs than face abuse daily. 9. ‚My wife suspects me unnecessarily, when I go home early she -29 years, married 3 children Kisii County tells me that am concealing infidelity, when I go home late at night she says I was out with a women, when I don’t go home 3. ‚I am a senior bachelor. People don’t take me seriously because overnight she says I have married another woman, am left of my status, I am learned, employed in a position of power but baffled but all in all I love her as long as she is not violent.‛ to society I am useless. An unmarried woman or divorced in my 10. -26 years, married, Meru County‛ position commands respect and attention. This has caused a lot of emotional distress in my life, particularly directed from the female gender.‛ -43 year senior bachelor Kisii County Page | 56
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
4. ‚Upon retirement I returned home to a different environment, 5:13 County 7 ” Nakuru once there was bliss and respect, my family had changed without 1. It showed that the rampant cases of cattle rustling in this county my notice. Now I am subjected to neglect and my grown up sons are due to a large part as a result of neglect of the male child. who I successfully educated to university level have no time for Majority of boys in this county and its environs don’t go to school me. They are always phoning their mother where as I only get and have been taught in cattle rustling tactics as a lifestyle. occasional calls. Were it not for my pension, I think I would 2. A total of over 72,000 men in Nakuru County were affected by starve to death due to neglect.‛ gender and domestic abuse and violence. -56 years, married, 6 children, Kisii County 3. The study revealed that an average of over 54,000 men experienced emotionally abuse in their lifetime while over 5. ‚My wife rarely follows instructions at home, simple routine tasks 27,000 men experienced emotional abuse regularly. are neglected and when asked she raises tantrums and changes 4. An average of 18,000 men experienced economic and physical her moods for days on end… To avoid this situation, I keep peace abuse in their lifetime while over 9,000 men experienced by reserving my comment; it is so frustrating as the head of the economic and physical abuse regularly. family.‛ -52 years, married with 3 children, Kisii County 5. 2 out of 10 boys in this county have not enrolled in school 6. This county was leading in illiteracy among men. 6. ‚When my wife is not at home, she is in her father’s home which 7. Dowry matters are a major driver of boys engaging in cattle is not far away. My mother in-law has a habit of passing by my rustling at the expense of education since one is forced to pay home and I have on several occasions seen my wife and her heavy dowry demands of tens of cows to be allowed to marry. mother chatting over the fence in whispers. When I ask my wife 8. 2 out of 10 men did not go to school and spend most of their live what they are always discussing about, she is evasive, I am afraid herding livestock. that my in-laws are invading my privacy since my relationship is 9. 6 out of 10 men are polygamists in this county where most of deteriorating.‛ -37 years, married, 3 children Kisii County them hide the status due to fear of domestic abuse and violence from the first wife. 7. ‚Women are more violent than men when it comes to domestic 10. 2 out of 10 men have not enrolled in schools at all. violence, I quarreled with my wife because of financial 11. 1 out of 10 men admitted that their lives are under death threats mismanagement of business and the next thing she did was to from their wives and had reported to the police. stab me with a kitchen knife. We separated and I have no plans 12. 8 % of men sleep in panic that their violent wives might chop off to marry another killer wife in future, I hate them!.‛ their genitals. -30 years, married, Kisii County 13. 6 out of 10 men were not ready to marry a woman with children from previous relationship. 8. ‚I was assaulted by my wife in front of children and neighbors 14. 2 out of 10 men is forced to do house chores like i.e. cooking, because of not buying Christmas gifts. I reported the matter to cleaning the house, utensils, bathing the kids while some babysit the nearest police post but the police downplayed the whole while the wife goes out for fun with friends on weekends. story and said that they have other important matters ahead. I 15. 60% of husbands who are regularly abused share different beds continued living with her and of late she threatens to repeat the with their wives and are denied conjugal right which has resulted same and swears that nothing will be done to her even if I to increase of marital rape. report.‛ -28 years, married 2 children, Kisii County 5:14 Some serialized comments from respondents in Nakuru County:- 9. In every 2 out of 5 murders featuring contract killers, a woman is 1. ‚A majority of men are vehemently denied conjugal rights almost involved. Most are wives of victims and turn into violent daily, but where can you go and report this violence. Everyone is schemers so as to inherit property of their husbands unfairly. The going to laugh at you with contempt. You end up suffering in prospect of becoming a victim is very high in Kenya. silence to a point of divorce.‛ -35 years, married Nakuru County -49 years, divorced, Kisii County 2. ‚My God fearing wife has become a dictator, she insists that I 10. ‚When my wife was pregnant, she turned violent, I had to do all join her church and actually get saved. Since I am not prepared the household chores but she still continued to physically abuse to buy the idea she has manipulated my reproduction rights by me regularly hitting me with anything. She has also hit my refusing to conceive a second child. This is the fourth year now genitals with firewood on several occasions. I had no problem and I feel I cannot wait any longer. I have tried to convince her to helping her when she was pregnant but after delivery she stop family planning in order to fulfill my wish but all in vain. I insisted that there was no need of a house help and I had to have now settled to marry a second wife at least to accomplish continue with the duties of caring for her for 3 good months, I my plans to have six children. I remember what she usually told must say it was hell, from abusive insults to beatings, I don’t even me every time I enquired on having another child„No getting believe she is the polite woman I married.‛ saved, no sex period but I couldn’t bear that blackmail!‛ -33 years, married with 3 children, Kisii County -32 years, married, one child, Nakuru County
11. ‚Am embarrassed to tell my parents or report to the police due 3. ‚My wife’s relatives are accorded a very warm welcome at my to ridicule by the society and be associated with the week men in home whereas my relatives are regarded as a necessary nuisance the village as culture beckons. Her excessive sexual demands are and often receive lukewarm reception and acknowledgment. a threat to my life. Of late I am unwell due to the physical This behavior is about to break our marriage because even after beatings by my wife. We have three children and I am not talking to her, she has no signs of changing, it’s demoralizing and wishing to divorce her. I want us to live separately but be assured stressful.‛ -28 years, married with 1 child, Nakuru County of visitation rights.‛ -49 years, married 3 children, Kisii County Page | 57
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
4. ‚Discrimination against men exists in this community; most of 10. ‚I was forced to share my property with my wife of six months the land here is owed by women since independence. This was despite the fact that I had accumulated all these property alone done with the help of the government to empower women for a span of 11 years. The court stipulated in an order that I give economically. Interestingly in the case of death, land is my wife half the property….. Her contribution did not warrant transferred to daughters of these women while sons are her to get even a dot of my property since we were married for discriminated on the basis that the land was intended to be for less than six months, who will save man from this economic abuse women only. This has created a lot of animosity among the and violence?‛ -43 years separated with 1 child Nakuru County members of this community leading to inter gender hatred.‛ -33 years, married Nakuru County 11. ‚I was forced into paternity by my girlfriend who blackmailed me into sex, after delivery she started demanding cows as 5. ‚After a friend’s visit, my wife always starts a quarrel with no alimony through the village elders and administration. I was reasons; it has become a problem for friends to visit me, but threatened with imprisonment; I parted with five bulls and when women visit, there is no problem. I have become the talk of seventeen goats and was left with only four cows and eight the village that usually makes jokes that I have been sat on by my goats. Show me where the Law says so; I am planning a revenge wife. I have bruises on my face, sometimes a swollen face. He has operation, no matter what!‛ -Pastoralist Nakuru County also choked my neck severally; I have survived five suicide attempts‛-27 years married with 1 child, Nakuru County 5:15 County 8 ” Machakos The following results were registered in this county:- 6. ‚I thought I was lucky to have married a beautiful woman; I was 1. The study revealed that an average of over 40,000 men the envy of friends. She insisted that we move from our rural experienced emotionally abuse in their lifetime while over home to the town. Little did I know that she was lazy; she has 20,000 men experienced emotional abuse regularly. grown obese and only stays in indoors watching TV and 2. It revealed an average of over 12,000 men experienced beautifying herself, am forced to do home chaos besides my economic and physical abuse in their lifetime while over 6,000 work in boda boda.‛-35 years married 2 children Nakuru County experienced economic and physical abuse regularly. 3. It showed a total of over 52,000 men in this County were 7. My wife stole all my household property and went to live with affected by gender and domestic abuse and violence. parents in their ancestral home. Before then, she used to 4. It showed this county was leading in illiteracy among men. physically abuse me regularly. I married her with 3 children and 5. 4 out of 10 men are polygamists in this county where most of she adamantly refused to conceive a biological child with me. them hide the status due to fear of abuse from first wife. We had only lived together for 2 years when one day after work I 6. 7 out of 10 career women are not married and have 1 or not found my well-equipped house with modern state of the art more than two 2 children. equipment empty including my clothes and kitchen utensils. I 7. 5 out of 10 marriages, women are dictators and dominate thought of recovering them from her parent’s home but in vain. I visually everything where the husbands have no say in matters of reported the matter to the police and the area chief but all this family and children including the sharing of their salaries. was fruitless. I gave up but it has been a hell of time to recover to 8. 5 out of 10 women were very particular with economic status of my earlier status. To make the matter worse she left me with one prospective husbands before marriage. of the children who was not my biological child. Many men have 9. 7 out of 10 marriages started with come we stay unions. gone through the same but have nowhere to report and I wonder 10. 4 out of 10 marriages separated after 2 to 4 years. whether the law allows such thefts. 11. 60% married women would not wish to write their husbands as -37 years, single father, Nakuru County next of kin. 12. 50% of married men would wish to write their mother or sisters 8. ‚My life story is like a movie or drama, I and one of my wives are as the next of kin and not their wife. total strangers. After every three months she is on her feet back 13. 30% married men wish to write their children as next of kin. to her parents unreasonably. I neither abuse nor batter her but 14. 20% of men have no problem writing their wives as next of kin. she always complains about my second wife. Elders have tried in vain to settle the dispute. In the actual sense, that does not stress 5:16 Some serialized comments from respondents in Machakos me more than the fact that I am not the biological father of her County:- two children whom she gave birth during our marriage. After 1. ‚My father in-law is demanding full dowry payments, worst of all, insisting to know the truth, she becomes an expert in abusing my wife is supporting him. If my memory serves me right, I have and tarnishing my name all over the village. Selling my cows in the past helped to educate several of my in-laws. I am sure my without my knowledge and freely sleeping with other men has wife is a party to this scheme and has vested interest if her own, been the norm. I have now been the laughingstock in my village. most likely to separate after assurance that I have married her Am depressed, it has been traumatizing.‛ legally.‛ -30 years, married, 2 children Machakos County -34 years, 2 wives 8 children, Nakuru County 2. ‚Since my wife was elected as MCA, she changed like a 9. Violence against the males is prevalent here, and to add an insult chameleon and started treating me differently with no respect at to injury a majority of men are vehemently denied conjugal all. Most women in either political or economic power treat their rights almost daily, but where can you go and report this husbands as underlings and rarely do they consider their violence. Everyone is going to laugh at you in disdain. You end up opinions in family matters as heads of families. Since then she has suffering in silence but deep inside, your heart is wounded to a deserted me, am contemplating divorce and save myself from point of divorce.‛ -35 years, married, Nakuru County this anguish.‛ -50 years, separated, Machakos County
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
3. ‚Women are becoming more courageous in the quest for 11. I know of a married friend living in a flat with 3 kids, two are in usurping power from men. I am an MCA, I noticed that already pre-school. Life used to be smooth but the man lost his job and women are buying for power in my ward…saying whatever a man the wife who is a nurse in the government hospital has made his can do, a woman can do better’ and have started organizing life hell and laughingstock of neighbors. Since she is the aggressive rallies and demonstrations all over the country to breadwinner, she commands his man to babysit and nurse the counter my bid to be re-elected- Men must brace themselves for young, wash their clothes including hers, cook and wash the impending aggression from women in the near future utensils.- 25 years, married FGD participant, Machakos County elections.‛ -35 years with 35 children Machakos County 5:17 County 9” Homa Bay 4. After retirement, my wife and children have turned against me The following results were registered in Kakamega County:- and am like a stranger in my house. Not only do they connive to 1. The study revealed that an average of over 70,000 men starve me but they also batter me when I happen to take one for experienced emotionally abuse in their lifetime while over the road. I must trend carefully in my home lest I annoy either of 35,000 men experienced emotional abuse regularly. them. Consequently I enjoy no conjugal rights and sleep separate 2. An average of over 39,000 men experienced economic and beds.‛ -59 years, married 7 children FGD, Machakos County physical abuse in their lifetime while over 19,500 men experienced economic and physical abuse regularly. 5. ‚My wife conned me into selling our farm which I un-write fully 3. A total of over 109,000 men in Homa Bay County were affected registered in her name and kept the money. I was dependent on by gender and domestic abuse and violence. her since I was jobless; consequently she controlled my 4. Illiteracy among men in this county was very high. fundamental freedoms and virtually imprisoned me at home. I 5. 7 out of 10 women who were facilitated with government loans regret daily.‛ -30 years married 2 children Machakos County were boasted by their men and where the husbands failed to pay the loan, the family property was auctioned. 6. ‚Emotional abuse is like daily bread in my family, am a father of 6. 5 out of 10 women forge their husband’s signature and use their five daughters and two sons; my wife has the habit of dividing my identification card copy and also use the family property as family on gender basis, often favoring my teenage daughters and collateral for loan without the man’s consent. unnecessarily shielding them from me and my sons in the 7. 3 out of 10 women who access government loans don’t allow mistaken belief that men are potential rapists. We are like two their husbands participation in their business and don’t share separate families which should not be the case. This not only their profits with their husbands but expects them to bail them gives me emotional stress but has affected my sons who have out in case of bankruptcy. developed hatred towards girls while girls hate their brothers. I 8. 5 out of 10 women who were facilitated government loans were learnt this after overhearing my children saying that they would unable to service their loans and were boasted by husbands, not wish to be in marriage. This situation is the norm in many upon failing to pay the property were auctioned. families.‛ -53 years, married, Machakos County 9. 30% women having squandered the loans are unwilling or unable to pay desert their houses leaving their husbands to foot the bill. 7. My wife and I are working, I have attached most of my salary to 10. 10% of them as a result of defaulting to pay loans stage manage mortgage, yet she expects me to pay all family bills causing a lot devious actions like arson having first removed important articles of strive and economic abuse on my part, am squeezed to the last from the house with the hope of seeking sympathy from loaners penny while I have no right on her salary.‛ and friends who organize contributions. -34 years married with 2 kids Machakos County 11. 40% of women who access loans have extramarital affairs. 12. 70% of husbands of women who access government loans suffer 8. ‚I am victim of emotional abuse perpetrated by my legal wife of emotional abuse regularly and treated as puppets with 40 years and a commercial farmer about to retire, to my surprise disrespect since the women do most of the family roles as she is she developed new characteristics, verbal and physiological economically empowered. abuse directed to me is like revenge for imagined past misdeeds. 13. 5 out of 10 men are polygamists in this county where most of It is difficult to manage to an extent of contemplating suicide.‛ them hide the status due to fear of abuse from the first wife. -54 years, married 4 children, Machakos County 5:18 Some serialized comments from respondents in Homa Bay 9. ‚Due to repeated beatings when drank am unable to go to work County:- the following day because of pain all over my body, It happens 1. ‚My wife has embraced religious affairs as her mainstay, always mostly when I receive my end week pay in a quarry mining, on referring to her pastor and often referring me as an atheist who asking my wife in the morning, she denies and insists I came does not know God contrary to my believe and feelings. This has home without a penny but when am not drank am not at risk of caused a lot of strife and emotional distress in my personal and all this.‛ -29 years, married with 2 children Machakos County children.‛ -34 years old, married, Homa Bay County‚
10. Witchcraft which is associated with ancient history has made a 2. ‚Kitchen is a dangerous place for men since it contains all tremendous comeback and is one of the most powerful weapons weapons of warfare. I have been hit severally with kitchen that modern women are using for vengeance and for controlling weapons although I don’t make it public for fear of ridicule. My men. My neighbor’s son who was a successful banker has been advice men who are regularly abused like me is that they should reduced to a pitiful wreck by being bewitched by his stepmother. avoid the kitchen as it is the armory for women lest your Many husbands are said to be controlled by power of magic transformer is ejected anytime. Revenge can work but laws are instigated by their wives for selfish economic interests.‛ biased, one might live the rest of his life in jail‛ -26 years, married 2 children Machakos County -34 years, married 3 children Homa Bay County Page | 59
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
3. I was retrenched at a relatively early age and ventured into agri- 9. ‚It seems I am married to the whole of my wife’s family business which did not work well. I have a family of five members. When two of her sisters joined secondary, I was daughters who are now unmarried grownups. To my surprise they actually forced to pay school fees for them; I was then forced to have now ganged up with the mother to deny me peace. Plans pay for his brother’s personal athlete’s couch as he was also were underway to make sure am jailed for framed rape. As usual nurturing his running career. At first I was reluctant because of after enjoying drinks with friends, I relaxed out of my house the way she brought up the matter. Sooner did I learn that, that contemplating on why my wife and daughters had decided to be was the end of my conjugal rights, I came to discover that sexual so cruel to me. Soon did I overhear them plot on how they are relations with my wife is a privilege and not a right and only going to frame rape charges so that am jailed because I had happens when I fulfill my promises among other things. Doing all refused to sell part of the land according to their wish. My next this was not the problem but my big worry was the kind of wife I move was to go and book a vehicle where I freed from the jaws discovered I have. I have since nicknamed her ‚blackmail‛ in my of death to unknown destination.‛ phone book regret marrying her, it really pisses me.‛ -39 years, married FGD participant, Homa Bay County -36 years, married, 2 children, Homa Bay County
4. ‚Loneliness at home is a major emotional abuse affecting men. 10. ‚When men are abused by having their food or drink spiked in Many men were unanimous on this issue: ‚I usually arrive home restaurants and bars by women, everyone takes it simply yet this from work tired and in need of consoling company; instead, my is food poisoning and can end to death. When I recovered from a wife either avoids me or comments and answers in monosyllable. spiking incident, the policemen laughed at me and told me to be My efforts to start a conversation are answered by ignorance or careful in future. Why doesn’t the government make spiking a either disregarded all together. The only meaningful capital offence and go the offensive on the women who do it.‛ conversation is when she is complaining. Am really going -32 years married with 6 children Homa Bay County through a life of prolonged stress‛ -48 years old, married with 6 children, Homa Bay County 11. ‚Many husbands are scalded with hot water yet they are loath to take legal action against their wives or seek advice. When the 5. ‚I am a HIV/AIDS positive depressed man. I went through forced public, neighbors and other women hear about it, they justify vasectomy in hospital; I was lured by the doctor to accept the and applaud without a second thought and say that the poor operation in the disguise that I will live longer if castrated. I man deserves it. Authorities also turn a blind eye to such came to discover that many HIV/AIDS men are castrated actions.‛ -36 years, married 2 children Homa Bay County through the same deception. I now want the doctor who mutilated my genitals to revert me to my original state, I will do anything to make sure am functioning again since facts show that 5:19 County 10 ” Kakamega one can still sire a child even when positive, otherwise he will pay The following results were registered in Kakamega County:- me dearly for his mistakes‛ ”HIV/AIDS victim Homa Bay County 1. The study revealed that an average of over 98,000 men experienced emotionally abuse in their lifetime while over 6. ‚I had an accident several years ago which confined me to a 49,000 men experienced emotional abuse regularly. wheel chair. My wife at first took care of me. My insurance paid 2. An average of over 28,000 men experienced economic and out my bills with my wife as the custodian. But she later changed physical abuse in their lifetime while over 14,000 men to the worst and I didn’t believe my eyes. She started moving out experienced economic and physical abuse regularly. with men and even bringing them in my own house at night. I was 3. It showed over 126,000 men in Kakamega County were affected contemplating suicide until a doctor friend successfully managed by gender and domestic abuse and violence. to have me operated in India. It is now one year from then, my 4. 6 out of 10 men are polygamists in this county where most of wife and children were nowhere to be traced. I was forced to them hide the status due to fear of abuse from the first wife. start afresh with nothing to hold onto; she had sold everything 5. 30% men residents are victims of economic exploitation by including the house which I had built alone. Thanks God that am women due to the inheritance after death. healed and can do anything I want all alone.‛ 6. 4 out of 10 men in this county are blackmailed by their spouses in -46 years,3 children, separated HomaBay County order to enjoy their conjugal rights. 7. 20% of married men were forced to give in to a marriage 7. ‚I thought of committing suicide… but couldn’t. I was having a because the woman was pregnant. nightmare. Not that I don’t take responsibilities but my wife has 8. 10% were forced into marriage after death of husband. been maneuvering to be the head of my family which I have 9. 35% of married men, married in a hurry without due diligence refused. Sometimes I don’t sleep due to starvation and perennial because of age factor without considering important issues i.e. verbal abuse.‛ -31 years, married 3 children Homa Bay County history, morals, age, education, number of kids, parents home, clan or HIV/AIDS status. 8. ‚Men are been exploited to serve women like donkeys since 10. 40% of married wives forced their husbands into marriage by creation. In workplaces women are given simpler tasks to holding themselves hostage in the man’s house. perform yet they get more allowances and more time off. They 11. 21% of married men were forced to marry by their relatives or only have to display their sexuality to the boss to get a promotion friends while some were introduced to their prospective bride. or pay rise. Where I work my senior is a women who was 12. 15% of married men married the woman of their choice and took employed the other day and her qualifications are lower than their time before engaging into matrimony. mine, I feel oppressed and intimidated to a point of resigning, 13. 60% men who undergone a church or legal wedding were either she also has the habit of exploiting her subordinate staff blackmailed or forced by the woman or in laws. sexually.‛ -32 years married with 4 children Homa Bay County Page | 60
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
14. 40% of men discovered too late that they married the wrong 6. ‛I am a man in the outside but inside am a shell without choice of woman. functioning genitals. I am a victim of physical abuse due to 15. 40% couples do not enjoy their marriage life. forced castration by my brothers due to the status of my health. I 16. 70% men who are abused reported that their phones were have a mental health challenge which has left me disadvantaged regularly scrutinized by wives and sometimes forced to leave in many ways. My brothers took me to hospital and collaborated them behind with their wives when going to work. with the doctor to have me castrated against my wish. They also 17. 25% of the male population in this county is single by choice and shared my piece of land without my knowledge and drug me not searching for a future partner due to fear of domestic abuse. with overdose medication which subjects me to prolonged 18. Illicit liquor brewing is women dominated where men are lured dizziness. Many of my friends with the same status are into drinking dens by prostitutes who rip them off their cash. discriminated while women with mental problems are accorded 19. 4 out of 10 marriages, women are dictators and dominate care. A majority of males with mental illness are neglected and visually everything where the husband has no say in family and treated like animals as they walk naked without anyone raising a children issues including the sharing of their salaries. figure while women are treated with specialty. No wonder 99% of mentally challenged people living in the streets are of the 5:20 Some serialized comments by respondents in Kakamega County:- male gender and needs urgent medication as citizens and human 1. ‚A lot of people when asked the drivers of violence against men, beings and should enjoy equal constitutional rights.‛ they rush to say that it is due to alcohol consumption. My advice -38 years, FGD participant, Kakamega County to people is that alcohol in African context is a holy brew that should not be demonized to that extent. Alcohol has always been 7. ‚My wife demands money every time before sex, my sexual life the agreement factor in African culture; any legal or traditional comes with a big price tag. I wonder if my wife has become a marriage institution has the blessing of alcohol. Our ancestors prostitute. I suspect she does the same with men.‛ -26 years may not be happy about the way it has been demonized. Get me married with 2 children Kakamega County right, the problem is not alcohol consumption but alcohol abuse.‛ -60 years, married, Kakamega County 8. ‚My ever demanding wife is driving me mad. She cannot live within our budget; I am forced to pay her loans and credits which 2. Violence driven by social norms and cultural practices was she amasses without consulting me.‛ recognized in some counties:- ‚Dowry practices are a cultural -28 years married with 1 child Kakamega County norm that is in all communities. For example, if a man is married and has not gone through this process, he is not considered a 9. ‚I am a victim of physical abuse for some time now. My man enough to even head his family as he is deemed to be short grandfather advised me that it is a taboo and against the African of blessings from in-laws. This ignites unfair debates in the family culture for a man to scream or report abuse from the wife. My which leads to emotional abuse where the man is disrespected friend was experiencing the same and decided to report to the by the wife, or if one is rich and brings home little dowry to the police, no action was taken and since then he has been the expectations of the in-laws.‛ laughingstock in the village. I am not sure what to do next. ‚ -43 years, married FGD participant, Kakamega County -35 years, married, 4 children Kakamega County
3. I am a victim of economic abuse, my girlfriend took me for a ride, 10. ‚Genital mutilation is a horrifying phenomenon that shows what I catered for her university education and expenses with the women are capable of doing. Women are sometimes dangerous agreement that we were to marry soon after; I was met with a individuals who might do the most horrendous acts without a rude shock on learning after graduation that she had another second thought. As one man put it, the first thing I do when I man and were already planning for the wedding ceremony. The open my eyes in the morning is to checks whether my machinery net amount that I had spent for her education was over KSH is still there.‛ -39 years, married 2 children, Kakamega County 300,000. I demanded the same but she told me that all that was done in kind and nothing to refund. That was the start of my 11. ‚Sometimes husband’s deaths are well planned with downfall.‛ - 26 years University Student Kakamega County collaboration with doctors particularly in some private hospitals, either through intentional wrong medication or outright murder 4. ‚I lost my job some months ago. Luckily I got a job proposition through poisonous injections, my father died under mysterious recently, my wife doesn’t know this. In the meantime, I have been conditions after been admitted in a private hospital after a minor subjected to domestic abuse and violence by my wife who injury. My mother was the main suspect but we feared raising the happens to be employed. I wash dishes, clothes, nappies and mater to police since after all she is our mother.‛ cook and also babysit. She is mean, she can’t even employ a -36 years, married, Kakamega County house help despite her hefty pay. God willing, I will immediately divorce her when I get a job to escape from this emotional slavery.‛ -43 years, married, three children, Kakamega County‚
5. ‚My wife has always been the instigator of calculated quarrels meant to conceal her unfaithfulness. She is employed in town and whenever she comes home drunk she is always violent to me and children. I have managed to involve family members and elders in vain. Children are most affected by this behavior and are physiologically traumatized and their education adversely affected.-41 years, married, 3 children Kakamega County Page | 61
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
6:2 History of male child abuse The history of the male child has been a matter of life and death. At a glance, it has been a long and slippery path full of lifelong handles. From the bizarre times of King Pharaoh and Herod massacre, civil wars, child labor, livestock rustling, political manipulation, child Chapter 6 molestation, unsafe circumcision, high dropout rate, male child mortality rate, sex segregation, discriminatory laws, unequal educational and employment opportunities, social and economic slavery and not to mention the new kid on the block that is gender Violence against Boys and domestic abuse and violence.
The objective of doing this study was to assess the rate of boychild 6:1 Boy child neglect and discrimination abuse and violence. The study selected 2 schools, a boarding and a Boy child neglect and discrimination is a catastrophe and is prevalent day school in every county in the 10 selected counties. in all counties, findings indicate that the status of the boy child is a The study randomly asked questions to 10 students per school. Due to time bomb, worsening and on the verge of destruction. ethical grounds, the study implementers did not reveal the schools and students that participated in the research. There is a deeper element on the meaning of this statement, the repercussions of ignoring the plight of the boy child are evident with The study registered the following results:- adverse effects been displayed in social and economic sphere where 1. This study results classified male child neglect as a national the boy is steadily lagging behind the girl. It is the high time that disaster and a time bomb. fathers and uncles who were traditionally pillars of the boys should 2. The study called on the government to urgently create an speed up and salvage the boy from continued moral degradation and affirmative action for the boychild. extinction.
6:3 (i) Demographic overview of violence against the boy child
Approximate no. Approximate no. boys Counties boys dropout rate raped and defiled annually annually
1 Nairobi 35,000 4,400 2 Kilifi 13,500 2,400 3 Kiambu 12,500 1,800 4 Meru 11,500 1,600 5 Homa Bay 11,000 1,400 6 Nakuru 10,500 1,200 7 Kisii 9,000 1,000 8 Machakos 8,000 800 9 Kakamega 7,500 600 10 Nyeri 4,000 400 Total averages of population of boys abused 122,500 15,600 or neglected in the 10 Counties Averages of boys population abused or 12,250 1,560 neglected in the 10 Counties Averages of boys population abused or 575,750 73,320 neglected countrywide Averages of boys raped or defiled 200 countrywide dairy
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3. The rate that boys are dropping out of school, radicalization and (a) he or she intentionally and unlawfully commits an act which causes joining the streets is alarming with the society and the penetration with his or her genital organs; government not doing the necessary to eradicate the menace. (b) the other person does not consent to the penetration; or 4. Over 500,000 boys between 5 to 18 years are dropouts either not (c) the consent is obtained by force or by means of threats or going to school while others live in the streets in major towns. intimidation of any kind. 5. The study showed that an average of between 50 and 150 boys are dropouts in every county ward and do not go to school. Normally, rape is termed as to mean with an unwilling female partner 6. The study showed that an average of between 50 and 150 boys or forces sexual intercourse with a female while sex intercourse is are abandoned and live in small and major towns as street termed as penetration of the virginal by the penis leading to orgasm. children. 1. According to research rape is normally associated between men 7. It revealed that countrywide the average dropout rate of boys is against women and not males against fellow males. 7.5% before they complete primary education. 2. Rape is more associated with women than men. 8. The study showed that education of the boys is hampered by a 3. Society refers rape as sexual crime against females. myriad of challenges where many boys were reported to have 4. Men are regard by women as potential rapists. not enrolled in school. 5. The study shows that rape against boys in schools, colleges, 9. The study showed that the most affected areas of minimal juvenile remand homes etc. is higher than rape against girls. enrollment of boys are the arid and semi-arid regions of the 6. No research has been done on male rape. country where it was estimated at an average of between 20% 7. Sodomy should be gazette as rape and crime that carries the and 50% boys who have not enrolled in primary school in the same custodial sentence as rape against women. North of Kenya Counties. 8. The study showed that bullying in schools often lead to rape. 9. The trend of neglecting the boy child has born a myriad of 6:4 Dropout rate in order of prevalence negative livelihoods among teenage boys and junior males. 1. Nairobi County at 10.5% with over 35,000 boys. 10. The upsurge of all manner of crimes and social ills are associated 2. Kilifi County at 9.8% with over 13,500 boys with the male gender and particularly the boys. 3. Nakuru County at 8.9% with over 12,500 boys 6:7 Nairobi County 1 4. Meru County at 8.2% with about 11,500 boys Nairobi County happens to be the capital city of Kenya. It is also the 5. Homa Bay County 7.5% with about 11,000 boys business hub for a majority of Kenyans who live here. Due to its 6. Kiambu County 6.3% with about 10,500 boys metropolitan state it host thousands of youth males in search of 7. Kisii County 5.8% with over 9,000 boys employment in industries and in the private sector. Nairobi County is 8. Machakos County 5.2 % with over 8,000 boys a solace to boys as young as 5 years. Some are born in Nairobi while 9. Kakamega County 4.8% with over 7,500 boys some migrate to the city through orthodox means from the 10. Nyeri County 4.2% with over 4,000 boys neighboring counties in search of quick labour opportunities. Drop outs of boys are manipulated in child labour and treated as tools of 6:5 Rape and defilement rampant among boys trade in menial jobs and suffer the brunt of tough lifestyle situations The study revealed that cases of rape against boys have shot up in these counties which are densely populated. tremendously and therefore classified the crime as one among the many abuse types against male gender. The study revealed the following: - 1. The study showed that 7 out of 10 boys living in the streets were The following results were registered in the 10 selected counties:- abandoned by their mothers after unprotected sex and the An estimated 73,000 boys countrywide were raped and defiled biological father disowning the child. during the last one year. 2. The study showed that most of the mothers are as young as 16 It showed that averages of 200 boys are raped and defiled dairy. years and decided to abandon the child because potential 1. Nairobi with an average of 4,400 boys husbands were unwilling to marry the woman with a child 2. Kilifi County has an average of 2,200 boys particularly a boy due to the fact that he might in the long run 3. Kiambu County has an average of 1,800 boys seek to know his biological father due to property issues. 4. Meru County has an average of 1,600 boys 3. It revealed worrying trends in this county where over 4,400 boys 5. Homa Bay County has an average of 1,400 boys were reportedly raped during the last one year. 6. Nakuru County has an average of 1,200 boys 4. The county hosts an average of 25,000 underage boys where 7. Kisii County has an average of 1,000 boys others survive in the streets of major towns. 8. Machakos County has an average of 800 boys 5. It showed that bullying in secondary schools was rampant where 9. Kakamega County has an average of 600 boys some students reported been abused by senior boys and teachers 10. Nyeri County has an average of 400 boys where some were squeezed their genitals. 6. 5 out of 10 boys reported that their genitals were squeezed by 6:6 Definition of the word rape senior boys. The common definition of rape is the crime of forcing a person to 7. Corporal punishment is rampant in boy’s schools where prefects submit to sexual intercourse against his or her will. It also means too had the mandated to punish fellow students. violation or assault. 8. Cases of sexual assault where boys were lured by girls, women and house girls and raped were rampant. The definition of rape by the Sexual Offences Act 2006 is stated that:- 9. The study showed that 2 out of 10 boys reported been raped by a A person commits the offence termed rape if„ girl, woman or house girl.
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10. The study revealed that a majority of boy’s 10.5% dropout before 5. ‚Girls are viewed by some parents as potential investments, they complete primary education to join the streets in doing especially in bride price and thus many parents are more than menial jobs like i.e. luggage carriers, unloading market goods, willing to adopt a girl than a boy. It should be the prerequisite of collecting garbage and metal for recycling. the children department to advice any willing person on the sex 11. Many engage in sweeping, cleaning premises and carwash, to adopt in order to solve the backlog of the multiple of kids others become drug abusers and peddlers, robbers, pickpockets, particularly boys in the orphanages and in the streets. Let us all petrol and glue sniffers at the expense of education. help by adopting a boy too.‛- Secondary student, Nairobi County 12. Worst affected areas are slums where education of the boys is hampered, 2 out of 10 boys not enrolling in school. 6:8 Nyeri County.2 13. Nairobi hosts more than 50,000 underage boys’ dropouts at the This County despite its high level of civil and educational expense of education where 25,000 are street boys. development registered a number of challenges affecting boys. 14. Alcohol and drug abuse is a major challenge with 35% of male 1. It was revealed that in this county 4.2% of boys drop out of school students habitually engaging in the vice. school before they complete primary education. 15. Over 40% indigenous male youths are prone to abuse of alcohol, 2. Education of the boys is hampered where 1 out of 20 boys have drug dealers and abusers as it is common in these County where not enrolled in school. between ages 15-18 are regular abusers of alcohol, drugs and or 3. The study revealed worrying trends of boys raped by men where peddlers while many are prone to radicalization, terrorism and over 400 boys were reported been raped in the last one year. illegal gang recruitment. 4. These counties host about 4,000 underage boys’ dropouts, where others survive in the streets of major towns. Comments from respondents in this county:- 5. The study showed that bullying in secondary schools was 1. ‚The betting games that were established in rural and urban rampant in this county where some students reported been areas are meant to radicalize boys and turn them into hopeless abused by senior boys where some were squeezed their genitals. individuals and misfits. You would hardly get girls engaging in 6. 1 out of 10 boys reported that their genitals were squeezed by betting games. It shows how the boys have become targets of all senior boys. manner of negative influence. The government ought to do a 7. 1 out of 20 boys reported rape by a girl, woman or house girl. visibility study on the hazardous consequences of these betting 8. The study showed that corporal punishment is rampant in boys games before allowing China to dump these machines in Kenya.‛ schools where prefects too were given the mandated to punish -21 years student, Nairobi County fellow students. 9. Consumption of alcohol and abuse of drugs is a major challenge 2. ‚I am a parent of a girl and a boy who sat for KCPE last year, the with over 15% of male school leavers habitually engaging in the boy scored 340 marks while the girl scored 300-yet the girl went vice. It was revealed that these counties are the brewers, to a better school than the boy.‛ distributors and consumers of illicit alcohol leaving a big -Parent Nairobi County question why leaders from this area and the government have been silent on this grave matter. 3. ‚Access to quality education is easier to a girl than a boy. The 10. It showed upsurge in crimes ranging from insecurity and number of girl’s boarding schools of good quality and with terrorism due to negligence of the male child who is prone to enough security is higher than that of boys.‛ radicalization and has seek solace in illegal gangs such as -20 years, University Student Nairobi County Alshabab, Mugiki and other criminal gangs that terrorize society. 11. Educational standards have fallen drastically and overtaken by 4. ‚The statue of a naked boy in the Supreme Court is a slight to the other counties due to some of these major factors. The debate male fraternity. Just imagine, if it was a naked girl placed their and talks on empowering the girl child has been very productive, urinating at the gates of supremacy, it would have invited but what has not been addresses is whether girls are taking attention from all corners of the world. Feminists would be advantage of the opportunities given or something is wrong with protesting for its removal, but because it is a boy, that’s not an programs implemented that may have turned against boys. issue. Whatever the meaning, to me it is injustice to the boys. It 12. It was revealed that discrimination by teachers is common where baffles why the statue has been undressed and sprinkled with boys continue facing corporal punishment which was banned. In electrified water; it shows that the male gender will continually schools that were visited 10 boys in each school complained of to be discriminated and tortured and would not get justice even body marks and injuries perpetrated by teachers after in the Supreme Court. The poor boy is not circumcised; he wears administering corporal punishment. a cap that is worn by magistrates and judges; which shows that 13. 90% of the primary schools in this county showed that the our judicial men and women need to be circumcised. Something number of male teachers were lower with some schools having else important to note, the statue is a ‘black African boy’ and was only 2 male teachers. placed by the colonial government, the justification been ‘Naked 14. Most of the schools had only 5 male teachers. This is a Justice’, this philosophy is strange and needs interpretation. It disadvantage to the boys since they end up not having male might as well be a direct insult to the African boy and against tutor’s as role models. international human rights. I suggest the Museum is the best place for this kind of ‘Statue of Disgrace.‛ Many men cannot see Comments from respondents in this county:- any wrong with this statue because of lack of knowledge, 1. I was repeatedly raped by my bed mate in form 2. Due to threats ignorance and cultural attitude and ego that all is well no matter of further assault and bullying I decided not to speak out about what!‛ - Student, Nairobi County the matter to anyone. Many boys are raped in my school but do not report due to threats by perpetrators. -Affected Boy, Nyeri County Page | 64
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
2. ‚I am a boy among six siblings, 2 boys and 4 girls. Despite having 13. The research revealed that many youths are prone to got better grades in secondary school, my parents opted to radicalization, terrorism and illegal gangs. educate my sisters whereas we were carted off the local 14. It was revealed that in this county 9.8% of boys drop out of polytechnic. The real reason however was the misconception of school before they complete primary education. ‚better to educate a girl than a boy‛- which in the real sense 15. Child labor is evident where many boys have engaged in the should be banned; it creates animosity and gender minerals trade at the expense of education. discrimination.‛ -Affected Boy, Nyeri County Comments from respondents in this county:- 3. ‚Am a worried teenage boy of 15 years, my girlfriend of 15 years 1. Boy’s secondary schools are a hotbed of abuse particularly rape. lured me to have sex with her and it became the norm during The harassment of form one students once thought to be a thing holidays, this is the second year but things are not so well on my of the past is still rife where some boys are radicalized, forced to side, unfortunately she conceived and is now pregnant, my father take hard drugs or even raped. Awareness should be done in is a watchman while his parents are wealthy. They got me schools to avoid this and encourage reports by victims since arrested and I was charged with rape. I thought that the police many rapes go unreported. would have considered the fact that we are both under age and ”Secondary school teacher Kilifi County not to be biased. Why am I subjected to this torture while it’s clear with the girl’s testimony that she was the one who started it 2. ‘Cases of boys been lured by older women is on the rise here, the all? Is it because I am a boy? Am contemplating suicide than be bottom line is that they are after lavish lifestyles of this women jailed for no reason‛ -Affected Boy, Nyeri County who take advantage of the secondary and particularly university boys. Nothing has been initiated by the government to sensitive 4. ‚My girlfriend threatened to commit suicide if I did not continue the boys on the dangers of falling prey to this women. Something with our sex life, that is how I got hooked and blackmail in order needs to be down urgently.‛ -University student Kilifi County to save her life, I live a life of regret‛ -Student ” Nyeri County 3. ‚I am aware of 2 boys of 12 and 13 years who were raped in the 5. ‚It is sad to learn that men join up with women to protect girls bush while going home from school. I met the boys in pain some rights but forget their own‛-Student ” Nyeri County few minutes after the ordeal and took them to their parents and together we took them to hospital. The parents talked with the 6:9 Kilifi County 3 doctor and agreed to examine and treat the boys without a Due to the cosmopolitan nature of the coastal region, culture aspects report from the police. On returning home after been treated and the influx of foreign tourists and easy money are some of the and examined that they were free from HIV/AIDS infection, I major challenges that the male child has inherited. These are some of enquired why they did not report the matter to the police, just to the adverse social ideologies that subject the boys to severe negative be met by unwilling answers. I persisted and was shocked to morals according to the study. learn that the issue was past tense…….The parents told me that 1. Over 2,400 boys were reportedly raped in this county such cases don’t see the light of the day and following it up will 2. The coastal basin hosts over 13,500 school dropouts where only traumatize the boys more. Rape amongst boys is prevalent, others survive in the streets at the expense of education. the society and government are ignorant on such cases. Imagine 3. Over 5,000 boy’s dropout and join the busy coastal waters of if this were girls, everyone including women political leaders and Kilifi County as beach boys and luggage carriers at the expense diplomats would condemn and call for immediate action by of education. authorities. This is the sorry state of affairs amongst many boys’ 4. Education of the boys is hampered where many boys were rape victims.‛-35 years, married FGD participant, Kilifi County reported to have not enrolled in school. 5. The study classified drugs abuse in the coast region as a disaster 4. I was sexually abused by my teacher after luring me to his school and called on the national government to immediately address residence. He raped me to a point of bleeding and gave me this crisis as a matter of urgency. Kshs500 to silence me and buy pain killers. He also threatened 6. Bullying in secondary schools was rampant in this county where me with expulsion for good if I spoke about it. I am in form 3 and some students reported been abused by senior boys where some the teacher has since been transferred to another school. I don’t were squeezed their genitals. think reporting will help at all since it is the norm here and 7. 3 out of 10 boys reported that their genitals were squeezed by students don’t report such cases due to stigma and fear of been senior boys. bewitched or abused by their school mates. 8. Corporal punishment is rampant in boy’s schools where prefects -Affected student Kilifi County are given mandated to punish fellow students. 9. The study showed that 1 out of 10 boys reported been raped by a 5. ‚Neglect of the male child is tantamount to the escalating girl, woman or house girl. insecurity between communities and families; you can only 10. This region has the highest hard drug dealers and abusers in successfully unite a community through the male gender but not Kenya affecting 35% boys been helpless victims. the female gender.‛ -Stakeholder, Kilifi County 11. The study revealed that Kilifi County is a hotbed of drug abuse and dealers, importers, exporters and a majority of addicts are 6. ‚Girls in my school abuse boys with impunity. When a boy reports found in this region. to the teacher, he is caned instead and branded as a drugs 12. It revealed that 40% boys between 14 and 18 years either abuse abuser by the teachers. 11 boys have been expelled for good drugs and alcohol while some are addicts or engage in drug while 7 have dropped out because of this very reason.‛ running and criminal activities. -student Kilifi County
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
6:10 Meru County 4 4. Young men are not left out in gender abuse since they are forced 1. It was revealed that in this county 8.2% of boys drop out of to practice cattle rustling so that they can be allowed to marry. In school before they complete primary education where most of this community men as young as 12 years are trained on cattle them engage in the lucrative Miraa trade at the expense of rustling tactics in order to be men enough. One cannot marry if education which later turns them into hopeless drug infested he does not have a total of over 40 bulls as bride price bearing in drunkards and social misfits. mind that these are also illiterate boys who spend most of their 2. Education of the boys is hampered where many boys were time herding domestic animals at the expense of education.‛ reported to have not enrolled in school. -23-49 years, married FGD participant, Samburu County 3. The study showed that boys in this county are adversely affected educational wise and thus the region is known to export boys as 5. ‚Unemployment rate among male youths is higher than females. young as 13 years of age to other counties to work in farms and It has been established that employers favor females; women are homes as ‘shamba’ boys due to high rate of illiteracy. promoted more and receive relatively more pay in the same job 4. The study also revealed worrying trends of rape cases where group-Who will save the male gender from this glaring about 1,600 boys were raped in this County. disparities‛. -22 years Jobless male youth Lamu County 5. Bullying in secondary schools was rampant in this county where some students reported been abused by senior boys and teachers 6:11 Machakos County 5 where some were squeezed their genitals. The study revealed that harsh economic conditions of this County are 6. 4 out of 10 boys reported that their genitals were squeezed by partly to blame for the challenges encountered by the male child. In senior boys. addition to culture and insecurity, it has posed additional negative 7. 1 out of 10 boys reported rape by a girl, woman or house girl. challenges to the male child as a symbol of protection and as a tool of 8. Corporal punishment is rampant in boy’s schools where prefects cattle rustling. too were given the mandated to punish fellow students. According to the study the following data was collected:- 9. Consumption of alcohol and abuse of drugs is a major challenge, 1. Male youths are forced to marry at an early age and are also 30% of male students annually habitually engaging in the vice. forced to engage in cattle rustling as a way of resources to raise 10. This county host over 11,500 underage boys dropouts where the exorbitant bride price demands. others survive in the streets in major towns. 2. The study showed worrying trends of rape cases where over 800 11. Lack of government policies and programs to regulate Miraa boys were raped in this County. chewing is not prioritized since prominent political leaders are 3. This county host about 8,000 underage boys’ dropouts where giant trademarks of Miraa trade with big farms thus leading to others survive in the streets of major towns. inefficient laws and guidelines to control the abuse by the 4. The study showed that corporal punishment is rampant in boys underage who mostly are boys and are exploited in child labour schools where prefects too were given the mandated to punish in farms and menial jobs fellow students. 12. 85% of male residents of this county chew Miraa which has led to 5. The study showed that bullying in secondary schools was many underage boys engaging in the same. rampant in this county where some students reported been 13. No single government or County policy or program to control abused by senior boys where some were squeezed their genitals. the abuse of Miraa by the underage has ever been implemented 6. It revealed that in this county 5.5% of boys drop out of school thus leaving the boy child at stake potentially falling prey. before they complete primary education. 14. Boys are trained in cattle rustling, handling and making weapons 7. Education of the boys is hampered where many boys were as a survival option at the expense of education. reported to have not enrolled in school. 8. 3 out of 10 boys reported that their genitals were squeezed by Comments from respondents in this county:- senior boys. 1. ‚Gender favoritism in educational opportunities for girls 9. The study showed that 1 out of 10 boys reported been raped by a especially in Meru County and its environs is a gender gap that is girl, woman or house girl. adversely affecting family relations. Girls in these areas excel in 10. Most of the youths are trained in cattle rustling tactics and the education in comparison with boys. -Student-Meru County handling of weapons as a survival option at the expense of education. 2. ‚Perpetrators who rape boys are aware of insufficient awareness 11. Male school age children are not consistent in education since campaigns and thereby take advantage of the gaps to commit they are forced to look after livestock at the expense of the crime since it is very likely that it will end up unreported in education. comparison with the girls. This is an area that needs vigorous 12. Sample of 100 schools showed that learning in this county is not campaigns particular in secondary schools and among the consistent in all classes; almost all days have 60% boys in school. society.‛ -Student-Meru County 13. Consumption of alcohol is a major challenge that has affected over 30% of male students. 3. I was trapped by a boy we attend the same school during holidays and repeatedly raped me. He threatened to skin me Comments from respondents in this county:- alive if I dared to talk about it, I have tried in vain to gain ‚Over protection and over empowerment of one gender is sending courage and report to my father. I am not alone in this dilemma the wrong message that females are more special than males. What since the same boy has done the same to 5 other boys. He is a this gender gap is creating is un-reversible and will only bring more threat and we fear our life is endangered. gender violence, sex battles, animosity and hatred.‛ -Secondary student Meru County -34 years married with 3 children Machakos County
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
6:12 Nakuru, County 6 4. ‚I am forced to herd livestock while my sister goes to school. It The challenges facing the male child in these counties stem from has been the norm in our community since educating the girl is ethnic conflict where boys are engaged periodically in tribal and civil considered important than educating a boy. A majority of boys warfare. The study showed that:- don’t go to school due to this reason.‛-Boy Nakuru County 1. Tribal and civil warfare and constant skirmishes interfere with education where the male children drop out of school to protect 5. ‚I wish I was born a girl, girls are more privileged than boys‛ their parents, women, children and property. -student, Nakuru County 2. It was also revealed that as a result many boys dropout and turn to street hawking business. These counties have the highest 6:13 Homa Bay County 7 number of underage boys in the street hawking sector at the 1. This County is blessed with an abundance of protein food expense of education. Tribal insecurity forces many boys in these resources. However like other parts of the county the male child counties to migrate to urban areas where due to lack of effective suffers multiple challenges due to various factors. Cultural norm education, they are employed in menial jobs in towns and farms. such as polygamy in this county is a big drawback to willing 3. Approximately 1,200 boys were raped in this County. educational opportunities. 4. This county hosts over 12,500 underage boys’ dropouts where 2. Lake Victoria serves as a gold mine in these counties and hosts others survive in the streets. over 11,000 underage boy’s dropouts who have joined the 5. The study showed that bullying in secondary schools was fishing industry while others survive in the streets in major towns rampant in this county where some students reported been at the expense of education. abused by senior boys where some were squeezed their genitals. 3. The study also revealed worrying trends of rape cases where 6. 2 out of 10 boys reported that their genitals were squeezed by about 1,400 boys were raped in this County. senior boys. 4. The study showed that bullying in secondary schools was 7. The study showed that 1 out of 10 boys reported been raped by a rampant in this county where some students reported been girl, woman or house girl. abused by senior boys where some were squeezed their genitals. 8. Corporal punishment is rampant in boy’s schools where prefects 5. 4 out of 10 boys reported that their genitals were squeezed by have the mandated to punish fellow students. senior and teachers boys. 9. Male youths are forced to join illegal gangs in these here due to 6. The study showed that corporal punishment is rampant in boys the unemployment crisis and dropout rate. schools where prefects too were given the mandated to punish 10. Drugs and alcohol abuse is a major challenge with over 50% of fellow students. male students and school leavers habitually engaging in the vice. 7. It revealed that in this county 7.5% of boys drop out of school 11. It revealed that 8.9% of the male children dropout of school before they complete primary education. before they complete primary education. 8. Education of the boys here is hampered where many boys were 12. Education of boys is hampered where many boys were reported reported to have not enrolled in school. to have not enrolled in school and many others are trained in 9. The study showed that 1 out of 10 boys reported been raped by a cattle rustling and tending livestock at the expense of education. girl, woman or house girl. 13. Farming in these counties is lucrative and many boys drop out to 10. Most boys have difficult in accessing secondary education due to join early farming and cattle rearing at the expense of education. the high number of siblings under their care and so end up in doing menial labour to sustain a living as a result of deaths of Comments from respondents in this county:- related to HIV/AIDS . Lake Victoria has lured many youths into 1. My form one experience was hell, I and other 10 boys were raped fishing at the expense of education where most of them are the first day we joined the school by senior students as a form of exploited in child labour as young as 12 years of age. bullying. We were threatened with adverse consequences if we Consumption of alcohol and abuse of drugs is a major challenge reported to administration. One boy among us reported the with over 30% boys and school leavers habitually addicted. ordeal to the teacher after some days and was instead framed 11. Sample of 10 schools showed that learning in this county is not with possession of bhang which resulted to his expulsion for consistent. In a majority of schools boy’s enrolments in lower good. The boys (perpetrators) argued that the boy is under classes decrease annually. bhang influence which he smokes regularly in the toilet and hides it in the blankets. After a thorough search it was found Comments from respondents in this county:- hidden in the mattress of the abused boy. We were all silenced 1. ‚Boy child issues have adversely been over looked, scratch my by the ill motive of these boys and are now suffering in silence to back I scratch yours should be the baseline of all gender policies avoid more victimization. and programs.‛ -Stakeholder ” Homa Bay County -Affected Secondary school student, Nakuru County 2. ‚If a boy or man is raped in comparison with a girl or woman, it is 2. ‚Cases of sexual assault by female teachers in secondary schools not taken seriousness it deserves and one ends up suffering in are rampant in this County. The shocking scenario is that most of silence due to stigma.‛”Stakeholder Homa Bay County these boys do not concentrate in their education thereby dropout before their fourth year.‛- student, Nakuru County 3. ‚Boys currently are an endangered species since they are at risk from sugar mammies (sponsors) who waylay them when going to 3. ‚Male child indiscipline has deteriorated to the worst; it is both college or university and lure them with promises of money biblically and culturally right not to spare the rod. Straighten a handouts into hotels where they are forced to sleep with the tree when it is still tender.‛ -Boy prefect, Nakuru County women without any protection so that they can sire a child without the boys knowledge‛ -Student University Homa Bay County Page | 67
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
4. ‚Since I was not circumcised in form one; I had been going 14. Compromising situation between the rider and the passenger through blackmail by my girlfriend to protect my sexual status. often end up in reckless yet endearing overtures of friendship Many times she hailed insults and after reporting to the leading to romantic and or sexual illusions from passengers who disciplinary teacher, I ended up becoming the one on the wrong most often than not turn to be engaged or married women. This with the teacher threatening me with dire consequences or has led to irate husbands often retaliating against these young expulsion for good. -Student ” Homa Bay County men assaulting and sometimes leading to murder. 15. The emergence of motor cycle crime gangs is on the rise which 5. ‚In every school term, an average of 2 boys dropped out and has made crimes of all sorts from murder, theft and transport of joins fishing at the shores of Lake Victoria. When I was in class 7 illicit goods easier due to fast mobility where 20% are criminals. the same happened, now am in form 3, meaning that in every 16. The study recommends the government to ban boda boda year between 6 and 8 boys dropout and join fishing as casual passenger transport as a matter of urgency since it has proven to fisher boys at the expense of education. Now a total of 50 boys be the leading cause of upsurge of casualties and accidents in are dropouts. The trend of events is worrying since girls are the country and introduce speed limit governors of 40kph and consistent in education than boys.‛ ”Student HomaBay County replace with three wheel motor bikes (tuk tuk) which are safer in speed and comfort seating without compromising the driver. 6:14 Kisii County 8 17. Boda boda business in these Counties have given birth to a breed We asked the following questions to our respondents in Kisii County of uncontrollable youth who form illegal criminal gangs who in order to assess the rate and status of motorbike casualties and male terrorize the community thus prone to shoot to kill police policy accident rate risk in Kenya. which has eliminated hundreds of males. “ Have you ever been a survivor of a motorbike accident in your life, 18. It showed that hospital casualties’ wards in this county were full whether rider or passenger? of male bike operators who were victims of accidents at the time “ Have you ever been assaulted by a motor bike rider? of the research where hospitals set aside separate wards “ Have you ever ridded a careless or over speeding motor bike rider? purposely for boda boda casualties. 19. Boda boda’s risks in management are similar to long distance 6:15 Boda Boda Menace and the Male child lorry drivers and prone to sexual harassment, crime and AIDS. The study selected Kisii and Kilifi County to assess the status and challenges of the male child in the boda boda transport industry. The The study showed that three wheel motor bikes commonly known as business was meant to offer Kenyans with an alternative means of tuk tuk are safer compared with boda boda which was evident in Kilifi transport and also to alleviate unemployment among the youth but County where passengers expressed their comfort as a means of with sobriety and not put the male youth to turmoil. It revealed that transport due to varied reasons:- lack of management skills among cyclist is a major challenge. 1. Not prone to accidents in comparison with boda boda 2. Due to their moderate speed. The following results were registered in Kisii County:- 3. Carries couples in comfort, boda boda can only carry one. 1. The study revealed worrying trends of rape cases where averages 4. No body contact with the driver. of 2,200 boys were raped in this County. 5. Not prone to crime like the boda boda. 2. This county hosts over 13,500 underage boys’ dropouts where others survive in the streets. 6. Easy police traffic control and arrest in case of breaking laws. 3. Bullying in secondary schools was rampant in this county. 7. Enough space for luggage and weather conducive. 4. 4 out of 10 boys reported that their genitals were squeezed by 8. Small margin difference in buying price. senior boys. 9. Friendly road user unlike boda boda’s which are all time risky. 5. It revealed that in this county 15% of boys drop out of school 10. No need of head guard as some said that it is unhealthy. before they complete primary education. 11. Carries more passengers at the same time.
6. Education of the boys is hampered where many boys were 12. Economical for outdoor travelling with family. reported to have not enrolled in school. 13. Decrease in infidelity and gender based violence. 7. 1 out of 10 boys reported rape by a girl, woman or house girl.
8. It showed that corporal punishment is rampant in boy’s schools Comments from respondents in this county:- where prefects too have the mandated to punish fellow students. ‚Am a boda boda rider and working in this sector needs one to be very
9. 20% of operators in the rural areas are below the age of 18 years careful. I have been raped by prostitutes more than 10 times since I and have trained in riding motor bikes when ferrying started this business. Luckily enough I am always set with condoms in unsuspecting customers thus causing accidents and deaths. They case I happen to ride a woman home at late hours and she happens to operate in the reserve to avoid arrest by traffic police. sexually assaults me. Many of my friends in boda boda sector have
10. The research showed unprecedented upsurge in accidents contracted HIV/AIDS this way where women who pretend to be involving boda boda’s due to lack of skills by operators and customers later turn against them for sexual needs.‛ unregulated road authority to enforce safety procedures. -21 years, married FGD participant, Kisumu County
11. 50% Boda boda riders are at risk and develop health problems associated with lack of wearing helmets and wind breakers. ‚If this boda boda menace was affecting female’s gender like males
12. 90% of boda boda riders are victims of sexual advances and then this would be a matter that would be handled with the harassment from their female passengers due to the seating seriousness it deserves. Males die daily while many others are maimed arrangement of passengers who support themselves by but that has not been the government concern since males are encircling the waist of raiders. treated as second class citizens, God help men.‛
13. Boda boda mode of transport has caused increased domestic -28 years, married FGD participant, Kilifi County violence and infidelity in marriages to unprecedented levels. Page | 68
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
6:16 Kiambu County 9 12. 20% of the boys convicted in juvenile is as a result of engaging in The study selected Kiambu County on study on sexuality education. sexual relationship with underage girls while some were lured by The main objective of the study was to assess the status of male child the girls into a sexual relationship which led unwarranted and sexuality and need of knowledge of sexuality as a curriculum pregnancies which led to the boys arrest unfair conviction. subject of education. In order to ascertain the status of teenage boys, we asked the asked Many respondents were divided and could not agree on some the following questions:- suggestions like i.e. reverting secondary schools to mixed schools in 1. Have you ever been raped, if yes by who? order to decrease gender animosity and also place students in the 2. What is radicalization and how did you know about it? know on gender relations from an early stage. 3. Have you ever abused any drug, if yes who introduced you? Gender violence and discrimination has been borne by the fact that 4. Do you have a girlfriend? parents and tutors are sometimes ignorant and create hatred between 5. Do you engage in sex, if yes what prevention methods? genders that has adverse effects in the future boy girl relations. In 6. Do you have a phone, if yes do you open the internet? order to manage the crisis that teenagers are in and also address the 7. What do you think about sex education? factors that lead to rape in boys schools, lesbianism, unwanted 8. Do you own a mobile phone? pregnancies and unsafe sexual relations. The study recommended the 9. Do you girls abuse you in school? introduction of:- 10. Are you discriminated at home or in school? 6:17 Health, Physical and Sex Education (HPSE) The following results were registered in Kiambu County:- The study recommends to the government to make Health, Physical 1. The study also revealed worrying trends of rape cases where and Sex Education compulsory from form 1 to 4 due to the following:- averages of 1,800 boys were raped in this County. 2. Attitudes towards sex and sobriety by well-informed tutors and 2. This county hosts over 10,500 underage boys’ dropouts where counselors and create programs that prevent sexual violence as others survive in the streets. an important health education. 3. Bullying in secondary schools was rampant in this county where 3. Many young people lack information and are left with the some students reported been abused by senior boys and teachers internet as the chief advisor which at times is very misleading in where some were squeezed their genitals. its contents. 4. 5 out of 10 boys reported that their genitals were squeezed by 4. Consent and safety in intimate relationships is a big subject to senior boys. explore in this education. 5. It revealed that in this county 6.3% of boys drop out of school 5. Rape, homosexuality and lesbianism in boys and girls schools will before they complete primary education. decrease due to knowledge of the risks involved in the practice. 6. The study showed that 2 out of 10 boys reported been raped by a 6. Gender and sexuality knowledge will be enhanced since many girl, woman or house girl. students don’t understand their sex or gender and risks of 7. Corporal punishment is rampant in boy’s schools where prefects identifying with homosexuals; lesbians and bisexual are high due had the mandated to punish fellow students. to lack of knowledge. 8. 50% of the stakeholders were sharply divided on the 7. Lack of counsel from dependable people like parents or tutors introduction of sex education. The study showed that a majority puts the students to great risks of students experimenting on of stakeholders, tended to run away from their obligations in whatever they hear or see. protecting the rights of children including teenagers. 8. Different types of friendships and families where children are not 9. 50% of the stakeholders were optimistic that teenagers are well advised put them to more risks of rapists and unwarranted suffering from lack of right guidelines and advisory and usually pregnancies. find solace in getting advice from the internet which sometimes 9. Respect for each other and people who are different in tribe in is very misleading and hazardous to young and innocent minds. order to decrease tribalism and tribal animosity. 10. 80% stakeholders participants agreed together that it is time to 10. Puberty, peer pressure and image in boy girl development are explore solutions on ways to protect the children and particularly Vitol for motivation and self-realization. teenagers who are active sexually which is a fact that must not be 11. Human reproduction and risks in abortion since rate of girls downplayed at the expense of culture, religion and beliefs which terminating pregnancy is high thus endangering lives. are reluctant in admitting the reality but could not support or 12. Positive and supportive relationship contraceptives and risks object the introduction of sexual education. The study showed knowledge is of great concern to both sexes. that with this state of affairs it has resulted to abandoning the 13. It will offer discussions, friendships, focus groups, and knowledge young to fate and thus endangering their lives. about the risks of online chats, viral chats social media sites and 11. Participants in the cross-sectional quantitative survey in the not turn our backs on the reality that our children are becoming FDGs were asked what actions they thought should be taken at sexually active and prone to dangers if no structured guidelines social-structural levels in order to address the handicaps of are implemented. teenagers. The government was perceived as having the major 14. Knowledge and awareness on the risk of uncontrolled sexual role in legislation of rights of the junior youths by lowering the content, pornography, sexual bullying, unwarranted messaging is effective age of identification requirement to 16 years as senior a gap that needs to be factored urgently since a majority of teenagers while the adult age remains at 18 years so that they teenagers have smart phones. can access their fundamental rights including access to modern 15. Having lessons and discussions in the absence of tutors to technology, property acquisition, right to give evidence in court, encourage students to freely ask questions and interact will driving, participate in general elections, access to PIN and create an open environment and do away with the stigma that is banking, health schemes, telecommunication and requirements. there in addressing these issues. Page | 69
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
Comments from respondents in this county:- 7. ‚I knew about sex and pornography through internet using my 1. ‚Sex education is a subject that is long overdue. Information mum’s phone without her knowledge. I later had my first sex about sex is free from the internet and many students are caught experience with my boyfriend and got pregnant. I terminated unaware and instead are prone to unsafe sex and pregnancies‛- the pregnancy before my mother was aware through the help of 21 year, student FGD participant, Kiambu County a school mate who had done the same successfully. I developed fibroids; I blame my parents for not helping me with the 2. ‚The age group that is reluctant in voting even when one has knowledge and risks in unsafe sex and abortion‛. registered as a voter is from 55 years and above due to many -FGD Participant, 21 years University Student, Kiambu County factors. Lowering identification age can be a solution that will encourage young adults to enjoy the right to participate and 6:18 Kakamega County 10 motivate junior youth to be responsible citizens. Many schools About 2,000 boys aged between 10 and 15 are undergo the rites showed that elections of student leaders are done peacefully passage in Kakamega County. The county education office insists that which portrayed that the youth are peaceful and tribal free.‛ the boys must be in school until the end term. Provincial -20 years, FGD participant, Kiambu County administrators have a hard time in this County try to control the wave of ceremonies at the expense of education where boys spend the 3. Findings showed that parents were uncomfortable when their nights dancing on the roads in preparation for the festival. This teenage boys and girls use their phones and SIM cards and were undermines boy’s performance in both end term and the KCPE exams. optimistic that lowering the Id registration age will allow them to Cases of education records show the pupils’ performance drop register Sim cards in their names and thus carry their own cross in drastically during the circumcision period where candidates abandon case of engaging in crime as many parents are guilty of crimes schools before the end term to join in preparation of the rites passage that their children commit after communication with the parents Sim cards. -56 years, married FGD participant, Kiambu County Society in this county have held on cultural beliefs that place the boys to a disadvantage according to the study 4. ‚My sister and brother were both raped and infected with HIV/AIDS after a meeting with a person they called a pen pal 6:19 Circumcision and the boy child friend they knew through Face Book. This was as a result of lack The study selected Kakamega County on circumcision and boys. The of knowledge and ignorance. About all students in my school passage rite or circumcision of boys is carried out in primitive own phones and they are at risk of not knowing the conditions and methods especially by communities who still engaged disadvantages of internet.‛ in outdated cultural practices. -16 years secondary student, Kiambu County The objective of the study was to assess the dangers of unsafe circumcision practices and disadvantages of holding the passage rite 5. ‚I fell in a trap after been seduced by a lady stranger through during school program. internet after I answered to a viral chat. I met with the stranger at the agreed joint in town, but to my surprise he was a man, he Respondents were clear on amendments and practicalities on the wanted to have sex with me, I was too frightened that a fellow important ritual and registered the following results:- man wanted sex with me, I refused even after promising me 1. It revealed that in this county 4.8% of boys drop out of school money, I sought for help from the waiter who called the police before they complete primary education. and he was arrested. I know of many young people who have 2. Education of the boys is hampered where many boys were been trapped the same way by homosexuals who adduct and reported to have not enrolled in school. rape them, others are introduced to cults and devil worship 3. About 200 boys are infected with HIV/AIDS annually due to through face book chats, Whts up and unwarranted messages in unhealthy circumcision festivals that put the boys. their phones. My advice to all teenagers is to be careful and not 4. The study showed that prefects were accused of raping other answer these messages at all, be warned!‛ boys and forcing their juniors to do their laundry. -15 years secondary school student, Kiambu County 5. An average of 20 boys end up with circumcision deformities due to inexperienced circumcisers 6. What is the meaning of an identification card? My view is that it 6. The study recommends the government to ban all traditional simple gives a person a right to enjoy his or her fundamental circumcisions since they are outdated and should be replaced by constitutional rights. Registration of a person when young or old healthy methods in health centers. does not make any difference since it does not necessarily mean 7. Traditions have continued holding onto retrogressive cultural one is an adult. Having an id when one is 14 or 16 years does not practices like circumcision with single knife increasing the rate of mean that he or she has become an adult. Furthermore students HIV/AIDS infection and penis deformities among the boy child. also need to acquire ids because of many factors. We have 8. Abuse of drugs particularly bhang is rampant during circumcision witnessed a lot of secondary students engaging in alcohol abuse festivals where many boys are introduced to alcohol and drug in local pubs and when sort to produce an id they lie that they abuse thus violating the children’s rights. forgot at home and are freed. With an id such cases are 9. It recommends to the government to ban circumcision festivals avoidable since it will reveal ones age from the date of during school calendar or a month before national exams which acquisition. I suggest that age should be dropped to 15 years and is done at the expense of education and has adverse effects to one should at the same time register as a voter to avoid time and the learners especially primary school candidates. money spent in voter registration at the expense of other 10. It showed that boys dropout and start engaging in gold mines. meaningful national development. Child labour amongst the boys is rampant as many of them are -41 years, National Stake holder Kiambu County. manipulated as casual laborers in the mines.
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
11. It showed that inconsistency was reported as a major challenge 5. ‚We were forced to go through a traditional circumcision rite among boys in primary and secondary schools. not aware that one of us was HIV/AIDS positive, all of as 5 12. It recommends the government to declare circumcision free of contracted HIV/AIDs. 4 out of 10 Because of stigma one of us charge to all boys by also giving them grants. committed suicide.‛-30 years student, Kenyatta University FDG 13. The bill will seek to train all traditional circumcision practitioners in the use of modern antibiotics and safer methods of operation 6. ‚I did my KCPE immediately after I was circumcised, I did not and equip them with modern surgical instruments. fare well because of pain since I was not healed. The law should 14. The bill seeks to have circumcision fees abolished in public protect boys of my age by banning circumcision activity one hospitals taking into consideration the high cost of the month before exams are done. Some boys end up missing exams operations and the economic status of some families. because of discomfort while others are forced to repeat against 15. Circumcision must be done in hospitals and strictly be carried by their will. Education should be prioritized more than the cut.‛ male doctors since it contravenes male dignity and cultural -Pastoralist Kakamega County norms for a female to witness or take part in the noble operation as it has been the norm. 7. ‚Me and my three friends were not willing to be circumcised but 16. Women should keep of male child circumcision matters whether they went ahead and circumcised us by force, personally I was in counseling forums or during the initiation period as it was not lucky since I was later diagnosed with penile cancer as a reported to be un-African and bad omen for women to result of an improper circumcision by the traditional doctor, Is participate in the noble process. this not physical abuse against the boys?‛ 17. The government should waive the cost of circumcision package -Student-Kakamega County including post recuperative drugs and introduce programs to sensitive boys on the importance of the cut. 6:20 Abandoned Children Bill (ACB) 18. The study showed that Kakamega County had a total of 600 rape The Study recommends to the government to create Abandoned and defile cases and over 7,500 underage boys are school Children Bill (ACB) as an affirmative action. The plight of street dropouts where others survive in the streets. children is at stake and for no mistake of their own has been left 19. The study also showed that 5 out of 10 boys reported that their helpless without any government policy. genitals were squeezed by senior boys. 20. The study also showed that 1 out of 10 boys reported been raped This is a gross violation of the children’s act which is clearly stated in by a girl, woman or house girl. the constitution. Artical53 (i) and reads; Every child has the right; 1. To a name and nationality from birth. Whereas it is difficult to force these communities to use government 2. To free and compulsory basic education. hospitals for these rites a bill should be tabled in parliament to 3. Right to basic nutrition shelter and health care. consider the above in order to save the boy child from unhealthy 4. To be protected from abuse, neglect, harmful cultural practices methods that put them to a magnitude of risks. and all forms of violence, inhuman treatment and punishment hazardous or exploitative labor. Comments from respondents in this county:- 5. Right to parental care and protection which includes equal 1. ‚Our people’s customs do not call for male circumcision; a mob responsibility by the parents to provide for the child whether of women in Nairobi forced me to be circumcised in a very they are married to each other or not. rudimentary manner but my friend was not lucky, they cut a part of the head of his penis, hence he suffers from erectile Since most street children take proper identity as to their kin and dysfunction. Many boys are in this category.‛ - place of origin, it is the duty of the government to provide for them as Student-Kakamega County stipulated in the children’s act. The study showed that the pains of neglecting the boy child are evident including the upsurge of boys 2. ‚News about physical assault or deformity on boys who have engaging in drugs, alcohol abuse, radicalization and recruitment into attended circumcision rites abound. This is genital mutilation on illegal gangs. these boys who are yet to heal the ordeal. There are many cases of these yet to be reported simply because they affect boys, if The study recommends to the government to enact a bill that will they affected girls, it would be international news.‛ create:- -Stakeholder Kakamega County 1. Street children homes where they will have compulsory education. 3. ‚Men must be in the forefront in protecting the rights of boys 2. Advertise for foster parent ship for these children. and should buy a leaf from women who have shown great strides 3. Build more rehabilitation Centre’s. in protecting the rights of girls, otherwise the world will soon be 4. Introduce a government department in the ministry of youth and led by women after all our boys are drowned in the sea of drugs, gender specific to address their plight. substance and alcohol abuse and unsafe circumcision rites.‛ 5. Prosecution of parents who abuse and abandon their children to -Secondary school teacher, Kakamega County beg in the streets.
4. ‚The preferential treatment given to girls in education, food, The study recommends a proposal for abandoned children programs. clothing and security is a time bomb that unless addressed at an Currently, the boy child remains the most venerable person to various early stage may result to gender wars between boys and girls all challenges. Without an affirmative action by the government the through to adulthood. Boys are disadvantaged throughout their situation of the boy child will go from bad to worse. Today he is life and as a result drug abuse rate has also increased tenfold‛ ‛ bearing the blunt of parental neglect, child labour, and alcohol and -Secondary student ” Kakamega County drug abuse. Etc. Page | 71
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
Most of the street children are boys 90% who lack basic amenities i.e. ‚The implementers of quarter system of education were ill advised clothing food and shelter and they live in squalor in urban Centre’s. and misinformed since children will never be equal in education but equality in access of education should be the key pillar to gender and The bill will save street children and give hope in life by establishing a inter gender equality.‛ fund to empower them by enrolling them to educational -31 years stakeholder, FDG participant. Kiambu County opportunities like technical skills and entrepreneurship. 1. The bill will also restore dignity to these children by giving them Stakeholders expressed their concern that enacting affirmative action equal opportunity in life. laws that last forever is unfair and infringes those rights of the other 2. Street children to be role models in society by effective gender and in this particular case the boy has been marginalized at rehabilitation method. the expense of the girl. The consequences on the other hand have 3. To established world class rehabilitation programs and policies. been upsurge of crime among the male child and defilement and 4. To rid our urban Centre’s off street children immediately. sexual abuse and violence among many other social ills that affect both genders adversely due to unprofessional programs and 6:21 Proposed programs will be structured in various categories i.e. government policies. 1. Street children rehabilitation. 2. Drugs and alcohol abuse rehab. ‚Can somebody in the government inform our boys when or how long 3. Children suffering from gender violence. the quota system of education was meant to last and publish the 4. Trauma control Centre’s. policy for public awareness?-20 years student, Nairobi University FDG The 4 departments will work under national secretarial with branch secretariats in every county. ‚Quota system of education is the most retrogressive government policy of the day. The meaning of fare grading in exams has been 6:22 Financial structure and Action plan compromised by this fact.‛ This proposal is for a government program with funding from a vote in -25 years stakeholder, FDG participant. Nakuru County parliament. However NGOS can chip in the existing programs if any should be harmonized under the umbrella. ‚The key policy agenda of the Education Ministry should be based on The fund will be of benefit to the following:- merit and not entertain gender animosity, hatred and feminism to rule 1. The fund will build enough rehabs inclusive of schools and at the expense of the male gender, period!‛ trauma Centre’s, drug and alcohol rehabs in every county ward. -30 years stakeholder, FDG participant. Kakamega County 2. The fund will be the basis of scholarships for further education. 3. An awareness program sponsored by the fund will go around the County ward sensitizing the community on the challenge faced by abandoned children. 4. The fund will enable children based research and innovative policies and program implementation within the county and national levels. 5. The fund will help the physically and mentally challenged children including those affected health wise.
6:23 Quota system of education The study recommends the government to abolish quota system of education. Access to education is now equal and universal to both genders. The quota system is long past its sell by date. The consequences of quota system of education puts girls to an added unfair advantage over boys and in the next 10 years there will be more educated women than men thereby denying the male gender equal opportunities with the female gender deliberately.
‚Equal access to education is the only basis and foundation of not just gender equality but inter-gender equality. It should be the yardstick to gender and inter-equality and both the girl and the boy should have equal access to education more so in enrollment of primary, secondary, college and university education.‛ 29 years stakeholder, FDG participant. Kilifi County
‚Deterring the boy to equal education access with the girl is both retrogressive and archaic.‛ -36 years stakeholder, FDG participant. Meru County
‚ Boys and girls don’t enjoy a fare competing environment since girls are enrolled with lower marks than boys.‛ -23 years stakeholder, FDG participant. Nyeri County Page | 72
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
7:3 Community Level - Raise awareness of GBV Our results indicate a low level of community awareness of a number of factors that may contribute to VAMB and hinder effective responses. The following were some of the solutions registered:- 1. A holistic awareness campaign incorporating mass media and outreach should be launched. 2. While mass media can be an effective way to disseminate new information, our study found that almost 35% of male respondents were not exposed to the media on a regular basis, and media exposure was correlated with age, class, education and other variables that require a sophisticated approach. Chapter 7 3. Finally, as the study found among men interviewed that a majority of those who had experienced violence either did not report it or reported it only to friends or family and relatives, these protective networks should be utilized and enhanced. Focus Group Discussions 4. Develop targeted outreach messages and mechanisms that effectively reach men within their communities and cultural barriers, considering mass media accessibility, and taking account of levels of illiteracy.
7:1 Study limitations Key messages include:- This research is based on cross-sectional surveys, and therefore 1. Rights of men under specific laws related to VAMB. causality cannot be assigned to the findings. Moreover, the study was 2. The important role family members and friends can play in conducted with sobriety and purposively chosen cluster groups with preventing VAMB or GBV as well as helping survivors seek specific aims and objectives. Some of the statistically significant assistance and justice. correlations may simply represent the willingness of men of a 3. The kinds of assistance available generally and locally since a particular age or from certain communities or settings to speak majority of men respondents said they didn't believe reporting as openly about their marital issues of topics that may be socially a solution. stigmatizing among other issues. 4. Develop targeted awareness programs for community leaders i.e. religious or village leaders. Although the study is therefore not general, it provides new insight into what is needed to move forward in combating the pervasive 7:4 Develop innovative mechanisms for increasing policy nature of VAMB. The findings suggest an all-inclusive process and a accountability rights-based framework to address both the structural causes of men’s Key finding across a range of stakeholders was the perception that vulnerability and impact on individuals at community, program and state-mandated mechanisms for GBV were not fully implemented. policy levels. 1. The levels of poverty and illiteracy were also a barrier for people to assess knowledge. 7:2 The policy and program response 2. It was recommended that all laws relating to gender and the A major feature of this survey is the inclusion of an in-depth look, constitution of Kenya be translated to all tribal languages so that from multiple perspectives, at the policy and program responses to the public can averse the contents of these laws. gender based violence. We analyzed responses from key decision 3. The capacity to implement policies and programs for that makers, service providers, and service users. It showed a consistent implementation must be increased. It was suggested that pattern of robust policy formulation for female gender but weak innovative new mechanisms for increasing accountability should patterns of implementation, resulting in relatively poor knowledge of be considered. and use of services on the part of male gender advocacy campaigns. 4. Promote community-led use of modern technology and FM radio stations to assess and record program delivery and effectiveness. Many decision makers at some levels are aware of the specific contents of existing laws to protect VAMB. In practice, however, it 7:5 Address potential drivers of GBV was also recognized by a number of interviewees that implementation In focus group discussions and interviews with key decision makers and public knowledge of these laws have been less than ideal. Though among both men and women, the study found a great deal of not unexpected, this lack of knowledge is still cause for concern. consensus regarding why violence happens. These common views of social and structural dynamics, along with data gleaned from the A majority of men were aware of sexual offences laws possibly due to quantitative study, can be used to identify potential entry points to the stiff penalties and the many men convicted in prisons. It was reduce risks. Increase community-level efforts to advance men's notable that in the constituency-level survey, men were more likely to empowerment in order to address some of the potential drivers of know about protective laws if they had higher levels of education, VAMB or GBV, including limited access to education and were richer, and had strong social networks. Knowledge of the law unemployment opportunities and Identify potential entry points to need not be a prerequisite for help when violence occurs, but lack of reduce VAMB risks, and launch pilot interventions. knowledge that protective mechanisms exist can inhibit men’s ability to seek support. Page | 73
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
7:6 Improve official awareness and accountability ‚I am a survivor of post-election violence. I lost relatives and friends Even among staff responsible for implementing specific laws and whom were presumed dead since neither their bodies nor their graves policies to address VAMB or GBV, there was misunderstanding and bear testimony to their disappearance. The government did not care incomplete knowledge of the exact content of the laws and their own to give a correct tally for all the men who died but instead responsibility in implementation. Among some respondents there was concentrated on the female. The plight of men in this whole issue was a perception that the police in particular do not treat VAMB with neglected and no male study was done to determine the exact enough sensitivity for men to feel confident reporting to them since number of missing or dead which was twice the number reported. My most men are turned away or arrested and victimized as perpetrators son went missing to date. This displays extent of male discrimination instead. by the government. -41 years, married, 3 children Nyeri County Recommended measures to address this include: 1. Develop and/or strengthen training programs at the county level 7:7 Improve capacity to fully implement laws and raise staff awareness regarding VAMB related laws and the A problem was noted regarding implementation of legal requirement services available to survivors, emphasizing the staff obligation for full medical check-up in sexual assaults. The study recommends:- to enforce law and provide services addressing VAMB. 1. Increase victims’ access to timely, legally credible, medical 2. Strengthen accountability mechanisms to improve staff screening in cases of rape or sexual assault, by having, for performance. Provide ongoing professional internship training example, a centralized, fully trained, specialist medical team and councilors’ and develop sanctions mechanisms if [e.g. at ward level] able to travel to more remote areas on short professional standards are breached. notice in cases of alleged sexual assault. 3. Address concerns, through outreach and heightened 2. Mobilize trained male community health volunteers and enforcement, regarding impunity and/or corruption among councilors to help victims get free medical services. police and prosecutors. Another area where a lack of program capacity was noted was lack of 4. Mobilize local media, particularly vernacular FM radio stations, male shelter homes at the constituency level. The study recommends:- to inform the wider community of legal provisions and 1. Establish at least one male shelter home in every County where mechanisms obtaining justice regarding VAMB. survivors are able to stay in the homes freely till they recover. 5. Exercise equal gender protection and advocacy strategies. 2. Mobilize local media, FM radio stations, in particular, to 6. Avoid implementing programs that are a disadvantage to either disseminate information about availability of services and gender, unproductive or a national security threat. accessing shelter services. 7. Analyze or define gender roles, their productivity and efficiency. 7:8 Develop mechanisms to prevent VAMB and GBV ‚Recruitment of security personnel’s does not do justice to the males “ Enhance psychosocial and other services available to children of for several reasons. I don’t understand why males are subjected to GBV victims in order to break the potential cycle of violence and more vigorous and odious programs of recruitment and training than victimization. The study found that a much higher percentage of men women who are joining the same force. Cases of men dying and been who witnessed GBV in their childhood reported being survivors too. assaulted in the training and recruitment process are worrying. “ Create concrete opportunities for greater cooperation between Furthermore, men are sent to volatile war zones while women are sent government officials and local organizations combating GBV. to work in less risky areas with equal pay. Is this not economic abuse For example, government and NGO service providers could work and inequality in the security arm? I thought this job was meant for together to develop standards of care for GBV victims or create males only, where do women come in? No wonder, women in night simple protocols that guarantee confidentiality. patrols are seen accompanied by men, meaning that, men are meant to give their women colleague’s security at the expense of other 7:9 Conduct a policy review of legal gaps and barriers Kenyans? Might this be one of the reasons that influence their fall at 1. Revisions to specific laws addressing GBV are needed to ensure work or defeat? -Stakeholder Security officer Nairobi County equality before the law (i.e. for people in marital relationships, live in couples, divorced, separated or engaged). ‚The terrorist attack in Garissa University was a tragedy of 2. A review is needed of barriers to implementation, particularly unparalleled dimensions. Of the students who lost their lives, the focusing on whether police and judicial authorities have government and the media focused more on the female students sufficient power to investigate accusations of VAMB. despite the fact that more male students lost their lives. Equality was 3. Introduce gender studies in the curriculum that will ensure compromised; the investigating team and people sending consoling awareness and equality are consistent with prevention and messages were more concerned about female students, male management. student’s desired same attention.‛ 4. A review is needed of policies related to the advertising industry -Stakeholder, FDG Nakuru County to develop a ‚gender code of conduct‛ that will not show erotic or nude men or women in form of statues or in advertisements ‚Suppose the police who died in Kapendo are females? You would but promote positive images of men or women as economic and expect a lot of hue and cry government and media attention lasting social agents, rather than helpless sexual victims which are the days on end. Prayers and instant compensation to the survivors of the cause of some accidents due to mind distraction, sexual poor families including building a commemoration point to honor and enticement and gender abuse and violence. celebrate the gallant officers, but for men it is just another working day-God help us! It is unfortunate that female officers are treated 7:10 Enhance evidence base for action with specialty in the same job group.‛ -Stake holder Kilifi County For some issues, there was a perception that current data are insufficient to fully understand and address VAMB. We recommend the following areas for future evidence gathering:- Page | 74
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
1. Compared data with released Kenya Demographic and Health ‚It begins at home when he is a boy. He is neglected and deprived of Survey data to identify further risk factors for victims of VAMB, as education, good food and good health care. It begins from there and well as risk factors for men to commit GBV (e.g. drugs, substance leads to a point where they are killed when engaging in criminal and alcohol abuse). activities i.e. robbery, theft terrorism and radicalization. Meaning 2. This analysis could improve outreach and micro-targeting of there is a range of violence that is vulnerable to the male child, messages, and enhance the delivery of services. including cattle rustling so as to get married, risky circumcision 3. In-depth research to determine localities that are at a greater methods, forced marriages, child labor, war and gangs recruitment.‛ - risk. Participant Focus Discussion Group
4. This study indicated that men living in urban areas may be at ‚Violence has broadened to a wider domain from its usual place in the greater risk due to common factors. A deeper understanding house to the workplace, in public places and in political arenas. Same would allow law enforcement and service providers to better should be done to services and implementers of policies, they should deploy scarce resources. think outside the family level where men are mostly disadvantaged 5. Obtain more data about the role that women can play in i.e. employment and sexual harassment which is the order of the day.‛ prevention, and assess ways men are themselves victims. - Participant Focus Discussion Group 6. Clarify the causal relationship between VAMB and adverse health consequences. The study found a link between GBV and ‚Since the time my wife got a job with the County Government, she adverse physical and mental health, but this link shows has grown horns and sometimes behaves like a wild cat; she portrays correlation not causation. me like an intruder to her new life. I married her with virtually nothing! I personally maneuvered to secure the opportunity but I now The experiences of violence against men recounted in this study are regret the good gesture. My hope was that when we are both the result of institutionalized discrimination and a holistic approach is employed we would help each other in uplifting our lives. My friend’s needed to address both the root causes and explore the effects of this wife who also secured a job at the same place has already separated violence. Men’s narratives and stakeholders’ accounts analyzed in this after she eloped with an MCA, this act is more serious than domestic study suggest that women’s legal subordination, economic abuse as married couples!‛- Participant Focus Discussion Group empowerment programs, dependency and social security position are key structural factors creating a context in which VAMB can become 7:12 Factors perceived to contribute to VAMB widespread. Most of the participants identified similar drivers of GBV, of course including among others selective women economic empowerment, Most pertinently, men identified their own key role in reducing the vivid laws that favor women and not to mention other factors like risk of GBV; participants in the FGDs stated that no program on GBV men’s dominant position in society, social cultural practices such as would be successful without their active participation and dowry and polygamy, some women’s lack of education and involvement as equal afflicted members in family. employment opportunities, poor knowledge of protective laws, abuse of drugs and alcohol and poverty. In order to assess men’s knowledge of laws and services we asked the following questions:- ‚Masculinity is under crisis currently and men are now viewed as -Have you heard about domestic violence laws or do you know of any? second class citizens and no one cares about them. In order to stop -Do you know of any sexual offence law? violence against men, both women and men must be consulted in -Are you aware of marital rape and have you heard of any case? order to explore solutions as a family unit and not as a one gender issue as it has always been.‛ - Participant Focus Discussion Group Decision-makers were identified through a process of listing that mapped out the key stakeholders responsible for suggestions on ‚In my opinion, infidelity among women and alcoholism among men policy level decision making and programs implementation. This are the main causes of quarrels in the family but we need not repeat stakeholders listing was prepared by the study executive team in this, we need to explore the root cause why many women are consultation with key informants. We reviewed stakeholder’s unfaithful to their husbands and why men have spoilt themselves with knowledge of and attitudes towards the current policies and strategy alcohol. - Participant Focus Discussion Group status addressing Violence against Men and Boys-VAMB. ‚Cases of physical violence against men affect the couples who are ‚Health care providers and police should be given additional training illiterate and particularly wives who are less educated than their to deal sensitively with victims of violence; some are so rude and husbands. This drives to a fact that a majority of women are less unprofessional when handling GBV matters and personally I must say educated due to marrying at a young age at the expense of higher that the police station is not the best place to report domestic education. I suggest rising the age of marriage to 23 years but am not matters. I would rather report to elders or friends than the police.‛ very sure whether this can solve the issue taking note of our African -49 years, married FGD participant, Isiolo County culture and lifestyle‛ - Participant Focus Discussion Group
7:11 Perceptions of prevalence of violence 7:13 Knowledge of and attitudes towards laws on VAMB Stakeholders perceived that violence is common in Kenya. Men were Majority of stakeholders were not aware of GBV laws:- ‚I don’t know perceived to be at risk of domestic, economic, emotional violence, about these laws, though I am the police officer manning this gender rape and witchcraft. Men’s risk of violence was also perceived to be desk, It deals with GBV issues but one needs a lawyer when it comes to prevalent at the workplace, political arena and in public and not only interpretation of the law, how can you expect me to know all of them, confined to the domestic sphere. A man’s risk of violence is seen as a am just a police officer, period.‛ - Participant Focus Discussion Group life cycle hazard:- Page | 75
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
‚The existing laws are very loose, and they do not give justice to the ‚There is a problem in the implementation of the law as well but no victims. Moreover, once they complain, the victims tend to get more one is focusing on publicizing the law in different languages. Civil violence from the perpetrator. I do not think these laws are helpful, education must also be done to make people aware that laws exists may be people can seek help from Faith Based Organizations-FBO, i.e. thus there should be a budget for civic education.‛ the Muslim Faith has managed to address most of domestic violence - Participant Focus Discussion Group in their own way without necessarily referring to state laws.‛ - Participant Focus Discussion Group 7:15 Efforts on VAMB matters Efforts and perceptions of government responses on VAMB are not ‚Fines and sentences for criminals are very minimal and not strict handled with the seriousness in comparison with the way issues of enough; criminals are easily released on bail even after grievous female gender are tackled:- bodily harm i.e. chopping off a man’s penis, scald with hot water or ‚The government should have activities on VAMB such as declaring a acid, gouged out eyes, knife stabs, chopping off legs or hands or week of action on violence against male gender and drafting laws to machete cuts etc.‛ -Participant FDG address domestic violence against male gender and persecution for witchcraft activities.‚-Participant Focus Discussion Group ‚To avert GBV both genders must be involved in policy and implementation, you cannot condemn a person in his or her absence‛ These are seen as extremely important pending matters in raising the -Stakeholder Makueni County profile of VAMB:- ‚I will agree with the government that will make these efforts a reality. Issues of gender should be handled directly In addition to a perceived lack of appropriate punishment for from the Office of the President or handed to the First Lady so as to perpetrators, stakeholders felt that there is too little provision for the address them with the urgency they deserve.‛ protection of survivors of violence. At the national level, respondents - Participant Focus Discussion Group noted several problems with current GBV laws:- 7:16 Efforts to address VAMB at the village level ‚Gender favoritism in court is similar to corruption and should stop. Results of efforts at the village level and below were seen as mixed. Women are no longer the weaker sex as stipulated in the increasing Thus, while there have been efforts to establish shelter homes or roles they have occupied hitherto male dominated territory. Women police gender desks, very little is happening at village level:- have turned tables and are more violent today than never. Mention ‚Awareness raising activities and training programs are out of reach in anything, you will find them in crime or wealth.‛ these areas and it’s either through the help of the government or -41 years married with 4 children Muranga County NGOs that these areas can be reached.‛ - Participant Focus Discussion Group ‚Staff regulations or misconduct particularly in the private sector should be addressed i.e. sexual harassment at workplace or civil 7:17 No shelter home for male victims service since no law is present.‛ -Participant Focus Discussion Group ‚Who is supposed to answer me and who is to be blamed and is somebody somewhere not doing his or her work? Why don’t we have ‚There are still a lot of gaps in the law, even for those that have been shelter homes for GBV in Kenya either for women or men? ‛ - improved. For instance, a domestic violence act has been passed, but Participant Focus Discussion Group without giving adequate power to the police to investigate or to keep the accused under detention.‛ - Participant Focus Discussion Group 7:18 Male Rights Defenders challenges Interestingly, Kenya has only one known Male Rights Defender (MRD) ‚The law that prohibits same sex relationships has a lot of gaps since MAWE has been working tirelessly to support survivors in most of the homosexuality and rape by men against men is a disaster that needs counties since 2009. The MRD gather information, investigate and to be addressed urgently to save our boys.‛ - Stakeholder report on violations of human rights and are involved in protecting, promoting and exercising the civil, social, legal, political and ‚Those living together but not married have no legal status, so who economic rights of men. MAWE has been working to create a will give them protection? The law has been very silent on how to deal common platform to advocate for their rights. MAWE office with these cases.‛ - Participant Focus Discussion Group headquarters in Nairobi showed 70% of cases reported by men are dismissed at the police stations where no action was taken. Many men 7:14 Perceptions regarding implementation of laws as a result succumb to illnesses or hunger since some are detained in While it was noted that laws exist on paper, implementation and homes without food and /or medical attention. delivery of an effective response were felt to be insufficient in many cases. Respondents also recognized the possibility of high level of Attempts to rescue some men have always being thwarted by police corruption, mentioning bribes and political interferences for the officers who arrest us after being compromised by female spouses release of suspects. Problems with implementation of an effective whose reasons to lock their husbands so as to deny adequate response, respondents identified several areas that could be medication and cause early deaths and are well known by the addressed to strengthen the laws that include:- community. MAWE office has documented over 300 such cases where with limited power tries to take appropriate action. ‚There should be established comprehensive programs covering our youth especially in matters of relationship and cultural education. This ‚A majority of men countrywide are aware of the presence of MAWE is a cardinal law in our culture and more emphasis should be and its duties and but since it relies on its members for funds and well- implemented in our learning institutions.‛ Stakeholder wishers. It is hard to reach all survivors on time or at their time of need due to funds constraints. However it is better to have such services than none. -Life Member - MAWE Page | 76
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
MAWE was registered as an NGO in 2014 and has been getting I wish I was born a woman, men and women are incomparable. From support from ardent members who have managed to collect data and childhood to death, women are favored, treated with love, higher do various researches on issues affecting males i.e. visiting survivors in employment opportunities and gifts on a silver platter, I think I would hospitals, offsetting bills, rescuing men from violent wives, drafting be very different, no wonder men are charging their gender status but bills that protect males, advocating rights through campaigns and no woman has tried to change to a man, big question!.‛ seminars countrywide. This however was met with a range of -36 years unemployed man, Kiambu County challenges including insufficient funds among others. An example of one case of rescue: - ‚Some young men cannot qualify to inherit properties since they have spoilt themselves with a whole range of social ills.‛ ‚MAWE chairman was arrested and arraigned in court with an -28 years married 1 child Homa Bay County offence of breaking into a victims house, however the operation was successful and the man was rescued and taken to hospital unconscious ‚Women have being more favored by the education system of this and denied medication, he recuperated after been admitted for two country. More women than men are graduating from our colleges and weeks. This kind of situation where MAWE is found on the wrong side universities and the quota system of education should be abolished if of law happens regularly and the organization needs state protection men are to catch up with women numbers in education. Am in the from harassment by the police.‛ -Executive Member - MAWE university and am speaking from a boy’s point of view.‛ -20 years student Kisii County‚ ‚I first thought that MAWE is a government organization because of the way it helped me and handled my case of gender violence with ‚When I see MAWE on TVs debates, I see a sense of Mahatma Gandhi passion. I still remember that fateful night when my wife attempted to who fought tirelessly for the rights of Indians, I see some genes of Dal murder me but God saved me from the jaws of death. What lLama of Tibet China, I remember Martin Luther King fighting against traumatizes me more is the fact that she was freed by the court which segregation of the blacks in U.S.A, I see a Massai Moran who has ruled that there was no case to answer, men are treated like animals courage to face off with a lion. I see God in him. What you do makes in this country while women are worshipped like gods‛ sense to the world, Congratulations.‛ -46 years ”Simon Kiguta - separated - Nyeri County -29 years married 2 wives, 4 children Kilifi County
‚All women are in the bracket of the marginalized-Article 100 of the ‚It is common to notice women as guards in banks and institutions. constitution. This misconception is meant to endanger gender Funny enough, they are given daytime roles but accompanied by men, relations. When women belief this misconception they automatically I can bet, you will never see a woman guarding at night, does this react wildly and violent. This Article should be amended to read that, sector need gender equity really? Ever heard of ‘watchwoman‛ any person may be marginalized according to his or her status.‛ Security guard, married, 3 children Nairobi County -38 years separated 2 children Machakos County 7:19 Areas for improvement, addressing gaps in laws/policies ‚Marriage is very critical and a sensitive issue that cannot be resolved We solicited opinions from a majority of interviewees on how to by police or chiefs, traditional solutions can work better for gender improve policies and programs to prevent GBV and provide support conflicts that are witnessed.‛-Student FDG Mt Kenya University to survivors and results were summarized. Existing laws were felt to have many gaps in both their formulation and implementation. ‚Inheritance laws enshrined in the constitution are contrary to cultural Respondents mentioned the inadequacy of some existing laws, and values of communities‛-46 years married 3 children Homa Bay County problems in the implementation of the laws:-
‚It is both naïve and stupid to pretend that curses don’t exist in this ‚If a man is getting mental torture from her wife or other members of 21st Century. They have very serious repercussions on the guilty party the family, it is not seen as domestic violence. When men report their and sometimes it is impossible to revoke. Curses are bound with cases of domestic violence, the police encourage them to norms and women who batter men are cursed in the African norms.‛ compromise without legal action, and say such things are normal and -34 years married 3 children Machakos County happen between a husband and wife once in a while‛.- Stakeholder
‚Women County Reps are a slight to gender equality, it is unfair to ‚Whatever the law says, it has to be made effective without favoring continue having these positions, they either are scrapped, open to either gender. In many places, it’s very hard to implement the law both gender or parliament creates men county reps too.‛ where the woman is the perpetrator, legislation is not enough. Say, in -39 years separated 4 children Nairobi County a case of marital rape and where the couples were all alone in the house, how can such a case be handled without an eye witness or ‚Availability of cheap liquor has eroded the moral fabric of the male anyone else in the house? Many women who are not in terms with youths and they no longer respect their elders or teachers.‛ their husbands can take advantage of this law with intension to nail -32 years married 3 children Homa Bay County the man for rape. Who can be deemed to be speaking the truth? Many will be quick to say woman, but it is not always true.‛ These are some of the challenging views and comments by men that - Stakeholder FDG Meru University clearly show that things are not so well with the male gender. ‚According to World Health Organization WHO, the rate in which 7:20 Increasing collaboration and co-operation men are dyeing is alarming. Suicide cases and male mortality rate is There are a multitude of institutions and organizations in both public very high while that of women remains low. A task force should be set and private sectors that work to address violence against women. up by the government to investigate the worrying trend of events.‛ Including the male gender and increasing co-operation between -35 years married with 6 children Homa Bay County genders was seen as key to a strong and sustained response:- Page | 77
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‚I feel that the government has not taken enough initiative to build ‚Referral link hospitals that can handle men and boys gender violence partnerships between itself, other institutions and NGOs so as to issues similar to the Nairobi Women Hospital are lacking. Some men effectively formulating strategies. Disconnection in government and are usually taken to this hospital but are not comfortable since it gender institutions in cooperation is evident, so I cannot imagine how seems to handle women and girls gender violence victims. It is the men can receive help from these institutions since they practically are high time that men should wake up from slumber and realize the a symbol of women.‛ -Student FDG University Nairobi County situation they are in because of their ego. -Stakeholder FDG Homa Bay County ‚A major problem is lack of NGOs that work on violence against male gender. I have only heard of MAWE that addresses VAMB, all other 7:22 Reporting domestic abuse and violence in the office of NGOs talk about the female gender and girl child. I have no problem administration chief with that but am worried that the worst might happen on the part of Many stake holders expressed their disappointed on the responsibility the boys who have been neglected right from the family to of the government to adequately address Gender Based Violence and government level. Co-ordination between NGOs and government to particularly men’s vulnerability by abandoning all to rights groups. save the situation can be a solution‛. Stakeholder Cases of women colluding with assistant chiefs and chiefs on gender and marriage disputes against men were rampant:- 7:21 Strengthening service provision One key issue raised by multiple respondents was the behavior and ‚The office of the chief or assistant chief has no capacity to solve stand of the government on Violence against Men and in particular domestic violence cases since it was not founded or equipped for that the boy child. Cases of fraud against men and blackmail by their purpose. It is therefore very wrong to entrust marriages under spouses or girlfriends to transfer their valuable property only to learn inexperienced laymen and women.‛ -Stakeholder later that they were cunningly hoodwinked are on the rise. 7:23 Raising community awareness ‚I am a victim of regular theft by my legally married wife. I For hundreds of years food poisoning has been the most common transformed my wholesale business to a retail shop due to my wife’s method of husbands termination .Today with scores of different mismanagement and money theft. When I enquire, she tells me that I poisons, food or drink laced with these toxins is had to trace. Any am the cause of the problem. I decided to engage an accountant but suspicious death should be thoroughly investigated as cases of she threatened me with separation if I dare involve an auditor in our poisoning usually originate from home:- family business, I really don’t know the next move! -Stakeholder, victim of economic abuse ‚Men don’t know their gender rights and they suffer in silence. Men are too proud to accept that they are being marginalized at home. ‚The government has the mechanism to protect its citizens. It is not They would rather suffer than go public. It is a taboo in Africa and that it lacks funds, but coordination and management is either on the society to admit that you are beaten by your wife. However it is a fact wrong hands or it is the design of the government to discriminate the that it is happening and often it is too late to save men since many are male gender at the expense of the female gender. Of course there are either in the grave or hospitalized.‛ -Stakeholder funds for skill-training, health checkups, economic empowerment and everything else that will protect ‘Wanjiku and Moi’ without gender ‚Everyone should be his brother’s keeper particularly men since they bias. tend to ignore their neighbors or friends facing marital problems until when it is too late. This is evident since after an assault or where Men need to speak about this gender discrimination and ask where murder is committed, friends and neighbors give account that they and how funds that are meant to cater for males and particularly the witnessed regular abuse before the fateful day.‛ -Stakeholder boy child goes or whether it goes to some few corrupt individuals who have been delegated to work for gender issues.‛ ‚The attitude of the public has to be changed. There are so many -Student FDG University Nairobi County types of violence that are not recognized. For instance, in a domestic violence, one or two slaps or infectious insults or disrespect is not ‚I have never seen or heard of a shelter home where men or boys can considered as violence that can be reported. It is important to find refugee; survivors cannot be kept for a long in somebody’s house challenge the concept that violence is only recognized when only a for obvious reasons i.e. privacy and lack of resources. So there is an physical assault is committed.‛ - Stakeholder urgent need to establish homes and resource centers.‛ -Stakeholder ‚GBV may not be recognized at the community level or given high In hospitals, a confidential environment is prudent, many men share priority until it is too late. Stakeholders felt it was important to raise their stories where there is privacy otherwise some may not even awareness of the prevention and consequences of GBV among both admit that they were actually assaulted by their wives. Therefore, community members and service providers.‛ - Stakeholder health facilities, including referral hospitals, should be friendly to men, to provide a confidential environment and counseling, so that ‚The police department should recruit trained officers and counselors men and particularly boys can share their ordeals freely.‛ from both genders to man the gender desks so as to receive reports -Stakeholder and deal with them professionally.‛- Stakeholder
‚Never mind when you learn that you are not free to visit your friend ‚Violence is not just about physical results but also includes threat or in his house since about 70% of families are women dominated and emotional abuse which is the most common in households. We must are not willing to cook or welcome visitors so as to conceal the gender prevent violence where there is a possibility. The state must not based violence against their husbands and have dominated marriage engage only after the violence is done, but instead should engage in relationships.‛ Stakeholder prevention structures to avoid violence.‛ -Stakeholder Page | 78
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‚Police don’t have adequate power to investigate perpetrators or to Disentangling the truth of these findings would require prospective arrest them, establishing laws is not enough. - Stakeholder cohort studies combined with more analysis on men living abroad and gender and domestic based violence. ‚The community should be made aware of the reporting process. Awareness programs should especially be carried out in rural areas. To 7:26 Men are most at risk of violence from people closest to them develop the habit of reporting, counseling should be prioritized to the Quantitative and in-depth studies revealed not only the wide families of the survivors as well.‛- Stakeholder experience of violence permeating men’s lives, but also the range of ‚Some cases where a man is involved in physical battering. Some perpetrators responsible for such violence. Intimate partners, family people tend to justify it to disciplinary action due to irresponsibility or members, neighbors, and occasionally unknown strangers directed alcohol abuse and are not treated as violence‛. - Stakeholder violent behavior towards men. In the main, however, men reported being most at risk from those who are closest to them, particularly 7:24 Generating response intimate partners [spouses or girlfriends]. Men who had never been ‚It takes time, one official comes and is sensitized, then he leaves and married were half as likely to report any lifetime experience of we have to sensitize again, as they all come from different violence as men who were currently or previously in a marriage. backgrounds, so projects takes too long. Discontinuity is seen a lot in Intimate partners were the most commonly reported perpetrators of the government sector.‛ - Stakeholder physical, emotional and economic violence.
We have undertaken a comprehensive survey of the context, 7:27 Man is most at risk of violence from economically empowered prevalence and consequences of VAMB in Kenya, exploring the wives perspectives of multiple stakeholders. The results highlight the all- The study explored the issue of selective funding and showed that a pervasive nature of VAMB in the country, and the heavy burden it majority of men were at risk of violence from women who were inflicts on the lives of survivors. Our analysis of the policy and economically empowered. It indicated that women’s selective funding programmatic responses to this blight on men’s lives exposes the gaps has contributed more to family breakups than any other single cause. between policy and implementation. The study analyzed the following recommendations:- 1. Women Enterprise Fund [WEF] should be transformed to Family Our cross-sectional survey of 1700 men and 300 women at the Fund [FF] so as to cater for the whole family with husband and counties level, randomly selected, found that close to 55% men wife sharing equal access and responsibility on loans repayment. reported experiencing violence in their lifetime, and over 48% had 2. That no married woman/man should be allowed to take any experienced violence in the past 12 months. This reflects the broad government loan without the consent of the husband/wife and range of abuse, stigma, and exclusion to which men are subjected to most likely the physical appearance should be necessary. at all ages. Men reported being subjected to emotional abuse, 3. That all government established loan facilities i.e. the Uwezo physical and sexual violence. Fund [UF] should be open to men above the age of 35 years so as to equally access gender empowerment as per the constitution. Analyzing men’s narratives generated from FGDs and complex 4. It suggested a formation of Single Parents Empowerment Fund experiences shared drew a conclusion that:- [SPEF] to cater for both single mothers and single fathers. 1. Social institutions i.e. family, community, market and the state
are not gender responsive and in many cases these social 7:28 What are the consequences of such violence? institutions largely contributed further violence by not taking Violence exacts a heavy toll on men’s emotional, physical and sexual actions against perpetuators. wellbeing. The consequences of violence range from the 2. Laws and policies themselves do not function, they need psychological to the physical. Among men who reported ever responsive implementer/s, and mechanism that is/are experiencing violence had at least one health problem ranging from aware/sensitive both conceptually and programmatically about i.e. anxiety, stress, depression to the more chronic symptoms i.e. gender based violence. hypertension, high blood pressure to suicidal attempts and mental
illnesses. Over 20% of men reported psychological problems i.e. fear, 7:25 Some men are more at risk of violence depression, inferiority complex, tension and some had attempted Given the relatively large sample size of this study, we were able to suicide „ a rate 10 times higher than reported by men who had not conduct multivariate analysis to identify the underlying characteristics experienced violence. of men who were more likely to report violence. Men who reported being jointly involved in decision making with their partners were less 7:29 What are the perceived causes of violence? likely to report recent violence. One of the strengths of this study is that evidence on particular issues
was collected from both genders. In FGD, exploring why violence This research is based on cross-sectional surveys; therefore causality happens, men and women offered remarkably similar reasons echoed cannot be inferred from the findings; only associations can be noted. in interviews with key decision makers. Some of the factors leading to Moreover, our study did not include men in the Diaspora. Some of the violence were located at the social and structural levels. For example, statistically significant associations may simply represent the men’s relative unemployment were said to underlie many of the willingness of men of a particular age, or from particular communities vulnerabilities exposing them to the risk of violence. Skewed or settings to speak openly about their lifetime experiences of empowerment opportunities by the government and gender matters that may be socially stigmatizing among other groups. It is discrimination in the working places were identified by the key possible, for example, men in the Diaspora really suffer higher levels decision makers as an important contributor to men’s vulnerability to of violence than men living in their native land since laws and gender violence by their spouses. institutions in developed nations focus most on female than male.
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7:30 How do men respond to violence? 3. All enterprise funds should be family based. Majority of men were unaware of specific services available in their 4. Many women who are beneficiaries continue reaping profits community and had nowhere to seek refuge after going through while many of their husbands continue providing for the family violence. Majority men had no confidence reporting to such places with the little income they get from other businesses. citing police and chiefs end up colluding with wives and are later 5. Government should stop referring women as marginalized rearrested as perpetrators instead of their wives. They would rather except in exceptional circumstances like culture constrains. report to friends, relatives or NGO’s than report to neighbors, police 6. Some men are marginalized and don’t have income generating or chiefs post and claimed disputes were solved in favour of women. activities in order to service their obligations as family heads. According to the study, reports made to this places ended up fueling 7. Women who access these funds tend to incorporate men in more gender violence because of their un-confidentiality surrounding these enterprises and instead threaten them with eviction. the report. Men named police and chiefs posts as sites where help is impossible to get. However, men also noted the potential negative ‚I am a businessman in Nairobi and am not happy with the way the consequences of seeking care, such as increased risk of violence from government utilizes my taxes. I thought that the same should be used the perpetrators 26%, as well as other reasons for not accessing care, to empower both genders without discrimination. Personally I don’t including distance to travel 10%, sympathizing with the state of their need empowerment but am talking on behalf of the men in the children in case of separation 50% and concern about the effect on villages who have no income generating activities and the their reputation because of cultural aspect 90%. Perhaps as a government is not doing anything to alleviate their plight. I am tired consequence of these and other barriers, a majority of men who had of meeting these young and industrious men during holidays with no suffered any kind of violence neither discussed their problem with income activities. I am tax payer but of late I have started evading others nor sought outside help. The results showed the following:- paying taxes and supporting some of them at least.‛ 1. 30% of male survivors had sought help, and this figure varied by -37 years married with 5 children, Nairobi County. the type of violence. 2. Men who had been sexually assaulted were the least likely to ‚It is unfortunate that majority of male leaders are pretenders and seek help since it was a bedroom affair. suffer from ‘malegomasculiniticalitical’ feminism deficiency 3. Men who had been economically emasculated were the most syndrome, most of them are abused by their wives and still continue likely to report. voting for laws that are against males. These males are either confused or bewitched by their female counterparts in parliament 4. Among the 30% of men who had sought help, a large majority since they represent females more than males. Personally I have turned to family members or elders rather than formal, state or boycotted the coming general election and am not ready to vote non-state services for confidentiality. anyone for now.‛ -Senior bachelor FGD participant Kilifi County 5. Among the 30% of men who had sought help, half of them were
physically assaulted and therefore could not hide from public or 7:33 Men support groups bare the abuse any longer. The study revealed that men don’t have support groups to address 6. Men in FGDs identified similar barriers to service seeking. In their social problems in direct contrast to women who have such addition, men cited a potential threat of violence from service groups. As a result the study concluded that:- provider’s particularly chief post as barrier to seeking care. 1. Men might continue to suffer sexual and gender harassment.
2. Men are more likely to suffer from depression related diseases 7:31 Perceived reasons why men stay in an abusive relationship such as ulcers and hypertension. 1. Love
2. Fear of embarrassment 3. Men are stigmatized and don’t have avenues to air grievances. 3. Cultural norms 4. Men should incorporate gender issues and group counseling 4. Commitment to life marriage therapies in their informal meetings in bars and or clubs. 5. Threat by spouse Take a leaf from organizations which host men help groups. 6. Children custody 5. ‚Back to culture men groups‛ should be more financial friendly. 7. Financial distress 6. Men lack social support from government or organizations. 8. Age factor 7. Men die relatively young than women. 9. Concern about children 10. Suicide blackmail 7:34 Gender Based Violence GBV Elders Courts (EC) 11. Religion factor The study recommends the government to set up ‚Elders Courts‛ in 12. Hopes that the situation will change every County Ward level and lobby the National and County government to provide funding for the implementation of policies. 7:32 Gender balanced national budget. Family issues can well be solved in a family setup resolutions 1. A careful analysis of the national budget reveals that its mechanism than State interference:- ‚African traditions had solutions expenditure is not in line with the policy of gender equality most of women or men who abuse their husbands or wives. On women, Rule of the tax payers are males and national budget deserves its 1, A woman should be returned to his parents as a punishment and revenue from taxes. A lot of its expenditure is earmarked for would not be allowed to remarry unless with the approval of the female gender i.e. Maendeleo ya Wanawake, girl child estranged husband after refunding dowry. Rule 2, A woman should be programs, women and youth fund etc. The males as the major tax isolated from the rest of the society and remain unmarried payers are left out. It is only fair that males should also be indefinitely. I believe this two can work effectively. Personally, I was a address in these funds and policies. victim of regular abuse and tried rule 1, to my surprise it worked, she 2. A bill to balance gender issues is the budget should be tabled apologized and I forgave her. with the following considerations.
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It is a commandment of God that a man should love her wife and the 2. This study suggests that awareness and implementation is limited wife should reciprocate by been submissive and not the other way and impunity still poses a major challenge. round. Men who abuse women are also dealt with strictly by 3. It suggests that lack of political will to address the deep traditional elder’s courts. The reason why Gender Based Violence has structural factors that foster GBV amongst both genders is a shot up is because Africans have discarded traditional solutions and cause of grave concern. embraced foreign ideologies which have failed to work in the African 4. This study denotes the values and practices that deny men’s society and set up. It is sad to note that Africans have become slaves rights and rejects the idea that men are the sole agents or of foreign culture at the expense of their own‛ perpetuators of VAMB. These values are practiced and enforced -49 years, married 8 children FGD participant, Meru County by both the men and women against men in our society. 5. This study makes it evident the continuing gap between 7:35 Policy and program response programs already in place and what is truly required to respond A major feature of this survey is the inclusion of an in-depth look, effectively and address the root causes and their consequences. from multiple perspectives, at the policy and program responses to 6. This study recommends that policy and programmatic GBV. We analyzed responses from those who set policy priorities; interventions address the full range of social institutions, formulate policy responses, those who implement services, and including the family, the community, the market and the state service users. without gender discrimination.
The results showed consistent pattern of high policy priority and Thus, we recommend a multidimensional strategy at the community, robust policy formulation, but skewed patterns of implementation, program and policy levels using a rights-based approach to address that services the female gender and discriminates the male gender both genders on individual impact of GBV. thus resulting to undesired results. The Government of Kenya has placed GBV high on its policy agenda and has a dedicated gender 7:37 Raise awareness of GBV at the community level commission for addressing gender issues through inter-ministerial 1. The study found a low level of community awareness of a number collaboration but end up serving the female gender selectively at the of factors that may contribute to men’s vulnerability to VAMB expense of the males which should not be the case. and hinder effective responses. 2. A holistic awareness-raising campaign incorporating both mass As far as protection of men and boys against gender violence is media and people-to-people outreach (such as through concerned, the Constitution of Kenya does not provide for explicitly community credit groups, women’s and men groups or but provides for inhuman treatment or torture or any other form of community clubs) should be launched. degrading punishment. This implies to men and women alike. Under 3. While mass media can be an effective way to disseminate new Section 82 and Section 74, there is a blanket provision protecting information, our study found that almost one third of both genders from discrimination either by law or in effect. respondents were not exposed to media on a regular basis, and media exposure was correlated with age, class, education, The Sexual Offences Act No.3 of 2006 and the Penal Code Cap 63 of economic status, and other variables, requiring a sophisticated the Laws of Kenya are some of the achievements of protecting both approach to tailoring both message and message delivery. genders but end up been misused by law providers who take advantage and discriminate the male gender. These government laws Finally, as the study found among men interviewed that a majority of are only meant to punish the perpetrators but do little to heal the those who had experienced violence either did not report it, or wounds inflicted, the stigma, discrimination and exploitation which is reported it only to friends or family, these protective networks should the physiological harm that it courses to the survivors. be utilized and enhanced as the already working efficient remedy. In practice, however, it was also recognized by a number of interviewees that implementation and public knowledge of these laws Develop a variety of targeted outreach messages and mechanisms have been less than ideal. that effectively reach men and women within their communities, considering mass media accessibility, and taking into account high Thus, at the rural level, more interviewees were unaware of the levels of illiteracy in some areas. Key messages would include:- specific content of laws, and they were presumably less clear 1. The rights under the specific laws related to VAMB and GBV therefore about their own responsibilities under the law. Knowledge 2. The important role of family members and friends can play in of the law need not be a prerequisite for seeking help when violence preventing VAMB as well as helping victims seek justice. occurs, but lack of knowledge that protective mechanisms exist can inhibit men’s ability to seek care and support. Moreover, majority of 3. The kinds of assistance available, both generally and locally was men in the surveys and FGDs were unaware of any government unreliably since 70% of men respondents believe that reporting programs to specifically address violence. had no value but would only disdain their reputations.
7:36 Recommendations Develop targeted awareness programs for community leaders and for As this report clearly sets forth, Kenya has adopted several laws for wider communities, emphasizing men’s social, economic and political establishment of rights of women in response to international roles as agents of development. This message should promote the commitments, including provisions promoting gender equality and a understanding that men are responsible for family, and foster a society free of GBV but has not engaged men in the same. positive image of men as economic actors holding equal rights to 1. 99% NGOs and stakeholders, including members of women constitutionally, legally, socially and culturally but not to be international community have mainly focused on building classified as irresponsible, alcoholics and women abusers in brackets. capacity on women.
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7:38 Develop innovations for increasing policy/program 7:41 Improve capacity to fully implement laws accountability A problem was noted regarding the implementation of the legal A key finding from the FGDs across a range of stakeholders was the requirement for a full medical check-up in cases of sexual assault or perception that state-mandated mechanisms for addressing violence boy child rape. Lack of trained medical staff in more remote areas was was partisan and tended to favor women and girls. These mechanisms noted as a particular problem. were not fully implemented due in part perhaps to the community’s We recommend: lack of knowledge of their rights and entitlements, and in part to a 1. Increase victims’ access to timely, legally credible, medical lack of capacity among bureaucrats to address the issue. screening in cases of reported sexual assault or rape, by having, The capacity to implement policies and programs, and accountability for example, a centralized, fully trained, specialist medical team for implementation must be increased; we suggest that innovative (e.g. at constituency level) able to travel to more remote areas mechanisms for accountability be considered. on short notice in cases of alleged sexual assault or rape. 1. Community-led mechanisms to report on the presence or 2. Mobilize trained Male Community Health Volunteers-MCHV to absence of health care workers, teachers, etc. at their posts. help victims get medical services where the assault occurred. 2. Increase community's sense of ownership of solutions to VAMB, which the study indicated community members felt appropriate. 7:42 No shelter homes in the country 3. Promote community-led use of social media technologies and A second area where a lack of program capacity was noted was lack of vernacular FM radio stations to assess and record program shelter homes at the ward, constituency or County level. delivery and effectiveness moreover in the interior areas. We recommend: 1. Establish male shelter homes and enhance the quality and 7:39 Address potential drivers of GBV availability of services offered by them. For example, ensure In FGD’s, in interviews with key decision makers, and among both men shelters have adequate financial resources and/or improve and women, the study found a great deal of consensus regarding why referrals between service providers, and ensure that an extended violence happens. These views were echoed in subsequent interviews stay is possible if warranted. with key decision makers at the county levels. These common views of 2. Mobilize social and local media, vernacular FM radio stations in social and structural dynamics, along with data gleaned from the particular, to disseminate information about availability, quantitative study, can be used to identify potential entry points to locations and procedures for accessing shelter services. reduce risks of GBV. a. Increase community-level efforts to advance men's 7:43 Develop creative mechanisms to prevent, reduce VAMB and GBV empowerment in order to address some of the potential drivers “ Enhance psychosocial and other services available to children of of VAMB, including boy's limited access to education and men’s VAMB victims in order to break the potential cycle of violence and unemployment opportunities. victimization. The study found that a much higher percentage of men b. Identify potential entry points that reduce VAMB risks, and who witnessed GBV as children reported experiences with violence, launch pilot interventions, such as creating more opportunities both in their lifetimes and regularly. for men to become linked, in ways that are locally appropriate, to other social circles in the communities in which they live. 7:44 Policy review, legal gaps/barriers to implementation In general, stakeholders in focus group discussions felt that VAMB and 7:40 Improve official awareness and accountability are yet to be placed in the policy agenda and that there are no Program implementation level government led initiatives to address these matters. Even among staff responsible for implementing specific laws and We recommend the following:- policies to address GBV, there was misunderstanding and incomplete 1. Revisions to specific laws addressing VAMB and GBV are needed knowledge of the exact content of the laws and their own to ensure gender equality before the law. responsibility for implementation. Among some respondents there 2. A review is needed of barriers to implementation, particularly was a perception that the police in particular do not treat VAMB focusing on whether police and judicial authorities have seriously enough, or with enough sensitivity, for them to feel sufficient power to investigate accusations of VAMB and the confident reporting to them. Recommended measures include: practicalities of entrusting unqualified service providers to 1. Develop and/or strengthen training programs at the handle family disputes. constituency level and below to raise staff awareness regarding VAMB and GBV-related laws and the services available to 7:45 Enhance the evidence base for action victims, emphasizing the staff obligation to enforce the law and For some issues, there was a perception that current data are provide services addressing GBV. insufficient to fully understand and address the problem. 2. Strengthen accountability mechanisms to improve staff We recommend the following:- performance, provide ongoing professional training, and 1. Conduct more in-depth research to determine whether some develop sanctions if professional standards are breached. localities are at greater risk of GBV. For example, our study 3. Address community concerns, through both outreach and indicated that men living in urban regions may be at greater risk heightened enforcement, regarding impunity and/or corruption due to several factors. A deeper understanding of the risks would among police and prosecutors. allow law enforcement and service providers to better deploy 4. Mobilize local media, particularly vernacular FM radio stations, scarce resources in these areas. to inform the wider community of legal provisions and 2. Obtain more data about the role that men and women can play mechanisms (e.g. where to report) for obtaining justice or are playing in preventing GBV, and assess whether and in what regarding VAMB and GBV. ways they themselves are victims of GBV.
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7:46 Removing the structural causes of VAMB and GBV The study gathered important findings on these two Faith Based Despite all efforts to date, VAMB is still prevalent. Continued efforts Organizations. Many disparities were noted between the 2 main going forward must include political commitments, substantial religions that is Christianity and Muslims. Christians add up to an 80% resources, and well-coordinated monitoring. The experiences of in population while Muslims are 20%. It was discovered that gender violence against men recounted in this study are the result of based violence against men and women affected Christians 20 times institutionalized discrimination and superiority complex [women more the Muslims. It was found out that: - power over men]. Men’s narratives and stakeholders’ accounts analyzed in this study suggest that men’s legal subordination, ‚Gender based violence is prevalent among the Christians in economic dependency, cultural obligations and social positions are comparison with the Muslims. Muslims have avenues of solving the key structural factors creating a context in which VAMB can domestic violence through i.e. Kadhis Courts, while Christians don’t become contagious. have.‛-Stakeholder married, 5 children, Nairobi County
7:47 GBV Institutional mechanisms ‚Interestingly, initially Christians were not allowed to read the Bible The study found clear gaps and overlaps in the roles and on their own without the guidance of priests or a religious leader, responsibilities of implementing GBV institutions. Analysis of same thing is happening today among leading Christian churches and stakeholder’s data also suggests a need to clarify roles and they dwell on the New Testament disregarding the Old Testament responsibilities to make institutional responses more effective. which has insight on managing Gender and domestic based Violence. Existing institutional mechanisms should be reviewed carefully to Stakeholder married, 4 children, Nairobi County ensure efficient utilization of limited resources and effective decision- making throughout the chain of command from national, county and ‚It is foolish to embrace Christianity in all its entity and discard wards unit, in order to improve men’s access to GBV services, important cultural practices which used to serve our forefathers including provision for reporting violent incidents, services (e.g., effectively. Domestic violence is rampart in the Christian context and shelter, medical care, and counseling) and the means to bring this raises a red flag and calls on new avenues to address it.‛ perpetrators to justice. Services and establishment of shelter homes Stakeholder married, 3 children, Nairobi County should be prioritized. The study acknowledges that current institutional mechanisms addressing GBV have a crucial role to play in ‚The church should serve as a shelter home for victims of domestic order to implement existing policies more effectively and guide the violence but has been charged to a house of business today; a majority process of identifying and removing structural barriers. of pastors have no business with in marital problems and abandon their flock to natural fates.‛ ‚Political commitment of key players is wanting, elected officials have -Stakeholder married, 6 children, Nairobi County the capacity to reinforce and influence.‛ -Constituency stakeholder The study noted other disparities among this two faith groups from stake holders in the FGDs:- Over 95% of Muslim men and women are 7:48 Gender violence and religion staunch followers of the Islam Faith and don’t miss to attend prayers One of the basic roles of religion is to address the roles of men and on Fridays while only 15% of Christian men and 35% women are women in society. staunch followers of Christian Faith and attend players on Sunday. The study compared the role of Christians and Muslims in gender These revelations show that Christians have failed in addressing relations and had the following returns:- domestic violence and the major reason why the prevalence is 1. Muslims have their own Courts [Kadhis Courts] that effectively registered more in the Christian faith in comparison with the Muslims. handle gender issues. 2. Their places of worship differ in the extent of their duties:- ‚The Mosque is utilized as a shelter home for victims of domestic a) Mosque offer Sanctuary and help to the less fortunate violence and orphans. It helps a lot in solving many cases‛ b) Christians offer little or no help for the same and are mainly -Stakeholder married 2 wives, 5 children, Mombasa County offerings oriented. 3. Muslims are faithful in Mosque attendance and adhere more ‚ Muslims live up to their culture and their faith is traditional based strictly to religious practice. with polygamy allowed as a lifestyle in comparison with Christians where members majority practice polygamy in secret while others are 4. Christian religion encourages loose morals in dressing conduct denied conjugal rights and a right to marry resulting to increased whereas the Muslim religion is strict to dress code. cases of infidelity and abortion..‛ 5. Most of the teaching in Christian church is based on the New -Stakeholder married, 4 children, Nairobi County Testament, which is more flexible whereas the Muslim Koran is
based on the Old Testament, which does not discard cultural The study discovered that both The Koran and The Bible are clear on values and gives effective penalties. the roles of both genders with checks and balance; the man been 6. Sexual relations are loosely addressed in the Christian church, given prominence by the two spiritual supreme books to rule over the which has led to an increase in HIV/AIDS infection cases and world as is exhibited in the Bible. increased divorce and separation cases. 7. 15% male’s equivalent to about 50,000 Christian religious male ‚What is man that you are mindful of him- You have made him have leaders are emotionally abused while approximately half of them dominion over the works of your hands, you have put all things under are physically abused regularly by their wives countrywide. his feet‛ -Holy Bible - Psalm Chapter 8 Verses 4-9 8. 2% male Muslim religious leaders estimated at 1,400 countrywide are emotionally and physically abused while half of them are regularly abused by their wives. Page | 83
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3. The recognition of violence against women as a hindrance to women’s full enjoyment of their human rights and fundamental freedoms was further strengthened at the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995 and in the resulting Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The concluding document set out the definition of violence against women to incorporate violence in a variety of settings, including (Article 113):
4. The CEDAW Committee is a body of 23 independent experts on women’s rights around the world; it monitors the implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), which entered into force on 3 September 1981. As at January 2014, 187 countries have ratified or acceded to the convention. UN, CEDAW Committee (1992), General Recommendation No. 19 on Violence against women, adopted at the 11th session, 1992, A/47/38, 29 January 1992. 5. UN, General Assembly, Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, A/RES/48/104, 20 December 1993, p. 3. The UN Commission on the Status of Women organized this conference ‘Action for equality, development and peace’ in Beijing (China) on 4”15 September 1995.
6. Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing (1995), Beijing Chapter 8 Declaration and Platform for Action, adopted at the 16th Plenary session, 15 September 1995.‚(a) physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including Policy Framework battering, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non-spousal violence and violence related to exploitation;‚(b) physical, sexual The National and International legal provisions for protecting both and psychological violence occurring within the general genders against gender and domestic violence focuses more on community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and women than men. Some of the Legal framework:- intimidation at work, in educational institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution;‚(c) physical, sexual 8:1 International legal framework and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the The only known forums that fight gender based violence are women State, wherever it occurs.‛ founded and focus much on the female gender in comparison to the male gender which are lacking. Some of the structured women forums 7. The African Union through the African Charter on Human and the study explored are as follows:- People’s Rights in Art 18 (3) makes provisions for states to ensure International legal standards on Gender Based Violence GBV the elimination of every form of discrimination against women
1. In 1992, the general recommendation of the United Nations and to ensure the protection of the rights of the woman and the (UN) Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against child as stipulated in international declarations and conventions. Women (CEDAW Committee established that gender-based This provision is brief and concise but it may be properly violence is ‚violence that is directed against a woman because construed as conferring very extensive mandate on states to she is a woman or that affects women disproportionately‛ eliminate any form of discrimination against women including (Article 6) and that it ‚is a form of discrimination that seriously practices that constitute violence against women. inhibits women’s ability to enjoy rights and freedoms on a basis of equality with men‛ (Art 1). 8. The protocol has provisions that relate directly to the issue and states at Art 3(4) States Parties shall adopt and implement 2. The first internationally agreed definition of violence against appropriate measures to ensure the protection of every woman’s women was introduced in the 1993 United Nations Declaration right to respect for her dignity, and protection of women from all on the Elimination of Violence against Women (Article 1), which forms of violence, particularly sexual and verbal violence. Art 4 states that:‚ ‘violence against women’ means any act of gender- on the right to life, integrity and security of the person provides based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, that States parties should enact and enforce laws to prohibit all sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including forms of violence against women. threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life.‛
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9. AU Solemn Declaration on Gender Equality. The AU Solemn 8:4 Main Objectives Declaration on Gender Equality in Africa reaffirms the African The main objective of the 2020 Men International conference is:- countries’ commitment to the principal of Gender equality as The recognition of gender and domestic violence and abuse by enshrined in Article 4 (1) of the Constitutive Act of the African governments worldwide against men and boys as an extensive Union. It was concluded at the Heads of State and Government rights abuse that is grossly under reported and a fundamental meeting in the Third Ordinary Session of the Assembly in Addis human rights violation and government’s ignorance to fund Ababa, Ethiopia, from 6-8 July 2004. advocacy programs and male gender survivors and to empower men and boys to reach their full potential. 10. At Article 9 of this Declaration, the Member states undertook to Sign and ratify Protocol to the African Charter on Human and 8:5 Specific Objectives People’s Rights to the Rights of Women in Africa by the end of The specific objectives of the 2020 Men International Conference 2004 and to support the launching of the public campaigns are:- aimed at ensuring it entry into force by 2005 and usher in an era 1. To adopt the South Africa Men Declaration and Platform for of domesticating and implementing Protocol as well as other Action (SAMDPA) on gender and domestic violence against men national, regional and international instruments on gender and boys. equality by all State Parties. 2. To address UN Assembly on the Elimination of violence against men and boys. 8:2 The First ever 2020 International Men Declaration Forum 3. To address UN on sexual harassment and assault by both men Kenya has ratified the International Covenants on Civil and Political and women, physiological abuse and violence as an extensive Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and rights abuse against males. Cultural Rights. It is party to African Charter on Human and Peoples 4. To adopt AU Solemn Declaration on Gender Equality and the Rights. It ratified the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Male Gender.(AUSDGEMG) against women in principle but forgot men; it is supportive of the 5. To mark and launch the International Day of the Boychild (IDBC) principles enshrined in UDHR and DEVAW. to be marked on 11th June Annually. 6. To further address iniquities of male gender and laws of the land. It is notable that to date, no National or International forums or 7. To address the UN Assembly on introduction of a UN-MEN conventions that address gender and domestic abuse and violence Forum and a UN- Men/Boys Fund (UNMBF) to address the against men and boys have ever been launched or implemented or challenges of men and boys worldwide i.e. education and war initiated. The study therefore concludes that males are sidelined in torn nations where boys are molested and manipulated. gender and domestic violence policy formulations and awareness 8. To lobby Governments to have gender friendly budgets that strategies. equally empower men/women and boys/girls in all nations. 9. To lobby governments to run and create equal gender It was also noted that governments worldwide are committed to empowerment programs and policies for both genders. safeguarding women and girls from all forms of gender and domestic 10. To lobby governments to create a Domestic Violence Children’s violence and abuse and have not done the same to men and boys Fund (DVCF) for Children survivors of gender and domestic which shows inequality and gender corruption of the highest level. abuse and violence.
This major forum organized by MAWE invites activists and The study established that National and International mechanisms representatives of men and boys organizations from all over the world addressing gender and domestic abuse and violence have a Vitol role to join together in this first ever International Conference that will see to play in order to produce the desired results not to mention the the male gender worldwide feel a sense of justice particularly to the existing policies more so an effective process of identifying and doing boy child who has been a no agenda in world rights forums and away with structural barriers that favor one gender at the expense of convections including the UN Assembly. the other.
MAWE is optimistic that this one week forum will bring together over MAWE believes that ‚When the man/woman and boys/girls are 2000 men dignitaries from all over the world to forge the way forward equally empowered, all will be well with the society and relationships on male gender matters henceforth. which are the basis of a firm and stable family and Nation thereby MAWE also seeks to partner with all likeminded people all over the minimal gender and domestic violence and abuse will be registered world and willing sponsors to consult through the official address, worldwide and peace will flourish and crime rate will eventually emails and mobile numbers presented at the back page of the study decrease.‛ in-order to make this convention a success. Leading world leaders have been reluctant to address men’s rights 8:3 2020 South Africa Men Declaration and Platform for Action basically because of the woman’s vote thereby putting the lives of (SAMDPA) men and boys to fate. This leads to the male gender prone and MAWE in conjunction with other international men and boys exposed to undue risks and neglect by governments and Nations at organizations have therefore organized a mega men’s movement the expense of the female gender with no international forums of worldwide that will see men launching the first ever 2020 South Africa protecting men and particularly the boys. Men Declaration and Platform for Action (SAMDPA). It will be a World Conference to be held in South Africa at the Castello Di Monte It is a fact that male gender abuse and violence by women is not only Hotel in Pretoria in June between 8th and 12th year 2020. This will experienced in Kenya but a world epidemic that requires immediate culminate a 2020 Men Declaration and Platform for Action on Men action and international conventions. and Boys rights worldwide. Page | 85
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8:5 National legal frameworks - The Constitution (d) whereby persons of a description mentioned in subsection (3) may Constitution of Kenya enshrines in Chap V, the fundamental rights be subjected to a disability or restriction or may be accorded a and freedoms of the individual. These are blanket provisions, which privilege or advantage which, having regard to its nature and to safeguard the rights of men and women including children. special circumstances pertaining to those persons or to persons of any In Sec 70, the rights safeguarded are those to life, liberty, and security other such description, is reasonably justifiable in a democratic of the person and his/her protection of the law. The section states as society. follows:- ...every person in Kenya is entitled to the fundamental rights and 8:6 The Sexual Offences Act freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, whatever his race, The Sexual Offences Act was passed by Parliament in 2006 in tribe, place of origin or residence or other local connection, political response to the rampant sexual abuses reported in the country. A key opinions, colour, creed or sex, but subject to respect for the rights and objective of the Act is to create offences and stipulate sentences with freedoms of others and for the public interest, to each and all of the the aim of protecting persons from sexual offences. The Act following, namely- criminalizes sexual relations amongst persons within certain a) life, liberty, security of the person and the protection of the law; parameters of affinity and thus protects children from sexual relations b) freedom of conscience, of expression and of assembly and within the family context. The Act also defines emerging forms of association; and sexual violence that were not covered in the penal code, such as c) protection for the privacy of his home and other property and from trafficking in children and presents an attempt to move from the old deprivation of property without compensation theory of classifying sexual offences as crimes against morality and The freedoms of conscience 24, expression 25, assembly and address them as the crimes of violence that they are. The Act however association has not addressed sexual offence of rape of men or boys by other 26 are also guaranteed. These rights and freedoms are not absolute, men. The Act was intended to protect women exclusively against men hence in enjoying these; one must respect the rights enjoyed by while men are also victims. others and therefore, the public interest. Sections 70”83 expound on these rights. 8:7 Article 3. Rape (1) A person commits the offence termed rape if„ On enforcement of these rights and freedoms, Section 84 empowers (a) he or she intentionally and unlawfully commits an act which causes any Kenyan whose rights and/or freedoms are infringed upon to apply penetration with his or her genital organs; to the High Court for redress. The High Court has original jurisdiction (b) the other person does not consent to the penetration; or in such cases. 8:8 Article 5. Sexual assault On violence against men and boys, the Constitution does not provide (1) Any person who unlawfully„ for it explicitly but protection from inhuman treatment or torture or (a) penetrates the genital organs of another person with„ any other form of degrading punishment. This applies to men and (i) any part of the body of another or that person; or women alike. (Section 74) Under Section 82, there is a blanket -The normal definition of the word genitals states ‚relating to the provision protecting all Kenyan citizens from discrimination either by human or animal reproductive organs‛ which means penetration of law itself or in effect. anus is not addressed as rape since it is not a reproductive organ.
It provides as follows: 8:9 The Penal Code (1) Subject to subsections (4), (5) and (8), no law shall make any The Penal Code Chapter 63 of the Laws of Kenya is currently the law provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect. under which most cases of domestic violence are prosecuted. It (2) Subject to subsections (6), (8) and (9), no person shall be treated provides for offences such as murder, attempted murder, grievous in a discriminatory manner by a person acting by virtue of any written harm and assault among others. In instances of physical violence, law or in the performance of the functions of a public office or a survivors who report their cases to the police have had the offenders public authority. charged with varying offences depending on the degree of the (3) In this section the expression ‚discriminatory‛ means affording violence meted. The Penal Code is inadequate with regard to different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly protection where violence is imminent to the potential victim or their to their respective descriptions by race, tribe, place of origin or children. residence or other local connection, political opinions, colour, creed or sex whereby persons of one such description are subjected to It thus fails to recognize varies dimensions of domestic violence and disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such only comes into effect after the victim has been violated which may description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or sometimes be too late. Similarly, in cases where domestic violence is advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such ongoing; the Penal Code fails to provide for the removal of the abuser description. from the home environment so as to minimize the effects of violence. (4) Sub sec (1) shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provisions- 8:10 The Matrimonial Causes Act (a) with respect to persons who are not citizens of Kenya; A lot of domestic violence occurs within marriages and may be in the (b) with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of form of physical violence, marital rape, psychological and economic property on death or other matters of personal law; abuse. The Matrimonial Causes Act provides for reliefs in the form of (c)for the application in the case of members of a particular race or separation or divorce where the offending party has been cruel to the tribe of customary law with respect to any matter to the exclusion of victim, has been adulterous, has abdicated conjugal duties or has any law with respect to that matter which is applicable in the case of deserted the victim for over three years. other persons; or Page | 86
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Section six states (6) on Restriction on petitions for divorce during 4. The objectives of the Act sounds good since it helps widows and first three years after marriage children but as a government policy it should include widowers (1) No petition for divorce shall be presented to the court unless at since women also die before men and are left as widowers and the date of the presentation of the petition three years have passed require the same scheme and should therefore be Widows, since the date of marriage: This is a predicament to victims who are Widowers and Children Pension Scheme. forced to stay in violent relationships and may result to homicides since the divorce petitions are delayed before hearing and hearings 8:15 The protection against domestic violence act stay for years before determination. The Act as described is an ACT of Parliament to provide for the protection and relief of victims of domestic violence; to provide for 8:11 Customary Marriage Laws the protection of a spouse and any children or other dependent African customary marriages are recognized in law although not persons and to provide for matters connected therewith or incidental codified anywhere. In most of the communities in Kenya, there are thereto. certain ceremonies, which must be performed in order for a marriage to be considered as valid in law. The Protection against Domestic Violence Act is a toothless dog; the law has gaps and basically provides for protection of couples and 8:12 Marriage act 2014 leaves victims at stake without jail convictions like the Sexual It is evident that the Marriage Bill focus attention has been Offences Act 2006. emphasized on females at the expense of males. Social science informs us that, matrimony is one of the few true human universals The definitions of domestic violence protections have mainly focused found in all societies. on women where many abuses against men are not included i.e. The form marriage takes and the manner in which it is brought about chopping of male’s genitals, forced circumcision or deformities as a varies accordingly from culture to culture. Couples occasionally tie result of unqualified circumcisers, grievous assaults, denial of conjugal the knot in daring and creative ways but currently strange acts of rights and infidelity among many others etc. gender based violence in families have threatened to tear unions in tatters, some resulting to the most barbaric and unusual actions. 8:16 The Children’s Act The Children’s Act is amorphous since it gives the woman automatic The outcome is strange and no one can believe the sweet memories custody of children and denies the man the right of equal protection when tying the knot in the presence of parents, relatives, friends and and parental care while at the same time claims equal rights to both the society in the art based on formalism. The Marriage Act, 2014 parents. does not recognize long cohabitation or come we stay relations as a An amendment is necessary in order to minimize law suits by men who form of marriage. The issue of come we stay marriages was one flock the courts seeking custody to their own children which portrays among the contentious issues that were left out in the Act. Many outright discrimination on the basis of sex. spouses in this relationship have no exit incase the partner becomes violent and one is therefore forced to stay in abusive relationships Men have been denied an equal opportunity to parenthood by the that have ended up in death. fact that women have been awarded custody of children at the expense of the men. 8:13 Children and Adoption Laws The laws regarding adoption of children need to be amended to make 8:17 More research needed on VAMB and GBV it easier and gender friendly. It has been noted that:- On some issues, there was a perception that, insufficient evidence was 1. Most people prefer to adopt girls. exhibited to fully understand and address VAMB and GBV. Cross- 2. Government’s favours the adoption of girls than boys. sectional analysis found a link between GBV and adverse physical and 3. Orphanages and children homes contain more boys than girls. mental health results. Such a link shows correlation but not causation.
Reasons why people prefer to adopt girls are easy to guess:- More studies that are prospective in design are needed to fully 1. Girls are a more help in households. explore this link and highlight for purposes of knowledge of the 2. Foster parents will get a bride price in case of marriage. community and policy advocacy. Rigorous evaluation is needed to 3. Girls are not likely to inherit their property since chances are that identify which institutions are working effectively or are dormant and they will be married. which ones should be scaled up. This can only be done in co-operation 4. Streamline adoption procedures and gender preference trend. and co-ordination of all stakeholders from both genders equally 5. Mend gaps and open chances of the many boys in the orphanage represented in order to have a lasting solution on GBV. and streets to be rescued and adopted.
8:14 Widows and children Pension Scheme (Cap 195) 1. The Widows and Children Pension Scheme (WCPS) is a
contributory scheme operated by the Government which provides pension benefits to the widow and orphans of a deceased officer who was a member of the Scheme. 2. Male pensionable officers are compulsorily required to contribute to the scheme to provide for widows and Children. 3. The pension is first paid to the widow. In the event of the widow's death it is paid to the children.
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THREE: Nursing his wounds on his hospital bed, Kevin Muriuki, 22 swore he would terminate his marriage over what he termed torture from his wife. He went on to show injuries he said were sustained including a swollen back as a result of several whip lashes. He noted that his head also had bumps and was limping after three men descended on him. His accusing fingers pointed a 21 year old woman whom he claimed hired attackers.
History of no justice for male gender violence survivors This study analyzed over 100 case studies that MAWE handled between 2011 and 2016 and results showed an impartiality eye of the law:- 1. 69 women were arrested after a week and 31 after a month. 2. Of all the 100 cases one woman was convicted of murder and another sentenced to 2 years imprisonment. 3. Among the 100 cases 56 have been concluded and culprits set free on the basis of lack of evidence including Mr Kigutas case. 4. Among the 100 cases, 18 women are still at large while 13 of the Chapter 9 cases have been withdrawn or terminated on unclear circumstances. Media Reports 5. MAWE has on varies occasions on behalf of the victims visited the concerned police stations and prosecution officers but could not get proper explanations and proceedings of the cases. It is disheartening to learn that even with Mr Kigutas case which was Media Reports highly publicized, and even after one of the children testified as an The study also explored some of the gender violence reports against eye witness, the court still quashed the case for lack of evidence and men highlighted by the media:- the woman was freed. The study recorded all the case studies and interviewed many of the survivors to confirm the status as reported by ONE: the media. At a glance, this displays a true picture of the situation on ‚On Friday the 10th February 2012 the headlines of one of the Kenyan the ground when it comes to accessing justice for survivors of gender dailies shocked the country when a photo of disfigured man in his violence against males. mid-40 was displayed. The report said that the man was cut by his wife of 12 years. In particular, Mr Kiguta, a father of two had just been FOUR: released from the intensive care unit of the Nyeri General Hospital Men on the receiving end as women assert themselves. following the brutal attack. The Standard Extra Date: 31.07.2013 reported the following. Mr Kiguta claimed that he was attacked at night by his wife, Juliana The media have been awash with cases of family breakups, domestic Wairimu 26 with a machete after he came home drunk, following violence against men and alcoholism. Experts say the genesis is which the woman disappeared from their matrimonial home Mihuti society’s failure to empower the boychild, village in Mukurweini district Nyeri County, only to be arrested by The Standard Newspaper writer KIUNDU WAWERU explores the police a couple of days later. issue:-The day after the shocking confession of a woman who had hired gunmen to kill her husband, Ndiritu Njoka, the self-styled TWO: crusader of men's rights walked into The Standard offices and Another, Mr Francis Muchiri 34 confessed openly at Mukurweini declared, "This is just a tip of the iceberg."Njoka says that his Hospital in Nyeri County on 12th February 2012 that he had been Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organisation-MAWE has received hundreds battered by his wife. Indeed, Mr Muchiri the father of 2 sustained of complaints from men abused by their wives. And it is triple trouble serious burns after his 11 years old daughter admitted that her father for men to report any case of violence, one need to have a P3 form, a was attacked with hot water by the mother/wife at their Ruiru home. police medical examination report, a medical practitioner signs the On 9th February 2012, the Daily Nation carried a well-researched P3 after examining the victim and Njoka says that ridicule begins article ‘Central Kenyan Top Husband Beaters’ in which it highlighted here. "The man is chided for having been beaten by a woman. It gets photos of the Chairman of MAWE the Lobby that fights for the rights worse when they report at the police station. For starters, police of men against domestic violence Ndiritu Njoka and another battered stations lack privacy, and you will be ridiculed by the authorities and man were displayed as he was examining Kevin Muriuki aged 22 at members of the public present." This is one of the reasons cases of Nyeri Provincial General Hospital on 08 February 2012. Kevin a father domestic violence against men never get to be heard, often until it's of three was beaten up by a group of people whom he believes were too late, like the Nyeri case. It was in February 2012 that images of hit men hired by his wife after a domestic quarrel. Njoka noted; one of the victims, with deep machete cuts all over his face, filled the ‚Central Province is the worst place because women are in the habit TV screens and print pages. He had been attacked by his wife while of beating their men. We are here to give women the ‚Red Card‛ that asleep. Men feel Njoka has a case, but he does not help it much as he such behaviors has to come to an end…men should be respected as works on incidences as they arise instead of conducting in-depth family heads, but in Central Kenya, they have been reduced to the studies to identify the extent of the problem. The shocking abuse role of fathering children before they are dumped.‛ cases against men have generated a heated debate.
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Standing out is the June case where investigators told a Nairobi court And statistics from various children’s home as recent as last month that one wife had paid hit men a down payment of Sh40,000 to kill bear him out. For instance one Nairobi-based children’s home with her husband of 15 years. The reason given was that he was cheating branches in Kisumu, Nyeri and Nakuru housing a total of 124 children, on her with another woman. On May 19, a woman in Kisii had slit the has 99 boys „ 18 of whom are above two years „ and 25 girls. The throat of her medical engineer husband of is years, lolling him Nairobi home has 39 children, 31 boys and 8 girls; Kisumu 43 children, instantly. And just this Sunday, an 18 year old woman in Matisi estate of whom 28 are boys; Nyeri 17, with 15 of them boys; and Nakuru 25, in Kitale stabbed her husband to death, allegedly for infidelity and all boys. Another home in Dagoretti has 54 children, of whom 36 are seeking to marry a second wife. Just what is happening"?.... boys. Njoka feels that, with about 90 per cent of Kenya’s street children boys, their lot couldn’t be worse. ‚Forget about the numbers FIVE: here. Boys are not just forgotten, but also unwanted,‛ he says with Boys Unwanted and Unloved concern. He is worried about the clause on abortion in the new draft The Dairy Nation as reported by Millicent Mwololo Tuesday, April 20 constitution, which he says ‚seeks to widen the grounds for abortion, 2010 Titled which will legalise the extinction of the male species. Decades of More boys than girls are aborted, abandoned or even killed empowering girls have seen more women take over households, and immediately after birth, a study by Maendeleo Ya Wanaume this is being felt as women compete for the few good men in society. organization-MAWE titled ‚Women Speak Out‛ reports. The study, "In about 20 years, we will have a very big problem if the government which sought to identify the reasons women in Kenya abort, was does not come up with well thought-out policies for boys,‛ he carried out between November 2009 and March 2010 in Central and warns………. Nairobi provinces, and involved 20,000 respondents between the ages of 22 and 42 years, both single and married. The results provided SIX: some interesting insights. Daily Nation Saturday March 21 2015 by ELVIS ONDIEKI Oppressive Divorce Laws ‚We discovered that many women have abortions for fear of giving In Summary birth to boys. In fact, from the findings, this is the main reason almost One of those critical of the decision is Mr Ndiritu Njoka, the self- 60 per cent of all abortions carried out in Kenya,‛ says Ndiritu Njoka, declared executive chairman of the Maendeleo ya Wanaume chairman of Maendeleo Ya Wanaume. Remarkably, 30 per cent of the organisation. married women interviewed said their reason for aborting male Mr Njoka said the best way to get rid of the trap that has caught foetuses was that they were not ready to engage in inheritance many men is to amend laws to make men the automatic wrangles with their son(s). ‚Speaking on condition of anonymity, some custodians of children born in a marriage. of these women revealed that they would have an ultrasound scan done to determine the sex of the baby. "If it was a girl, they would ‚There is no problem if Mr Moi can comfortably foot the bill. But carry the pregnancy to term, but if it was a boy, they would tell their if he feels the judge was excessive in slapping of the costs, I can husbands that there was something terribly wrong with the foetus and help pursue an appeal,‛ he said. conspire with a medic to perform an abortion but make it look like a The judge had expressed disappointment at Mr Moi’s miscarriage,‛ Njoka says with concern. unwillingness to disclose his wealth. The words ‚standard of living‛ appear 12 times in a court decision In addition, many married women who already had two daughters ordering Philip Moi, the son of Kenya’s second president, to pay Sh30 were unwilling to have a third child for the fear that it might be a boy. million for the upkeep of his former wife for 10 years. Their frequency Meanwhile, the single women’s main fear of bearing boys was in the 8,459-word judgment underscores how vital the issue of status prompted by the fear that reduced their chances of getting married. was in the case that lasted in court for seven years. Justice Luka ‚It’s much easier for me to find a partner if I have a daughter, but if I Kimaru finally determined that for the next 10 years, Mr Moi’s ex- have a son, my chances of ever getting married are slim because these wife, Rossana Pluda, has to live in a status similar to the one she days most men are reluctant to marry a woman with a son, who might enjoyed during marriage since Mr Moi had been the sole provider. claim a share of their property,‛ the report quotes one 28-year-old single woman from Nairobi as saying. Some women said they were The judge noted that Mr Moi would pay the Sh30 million at once in reluctant to have sons since they had no property to bequeath them. place of monthly installments of Sh250,000 because he had ‚told the But the decision to abort was not always the woman’s. Some single court that it would be his desire that he be ordered to pay one lump women who had married lovers said they had procured abortions due sum so that he is not required to pay monthly maintenance‛. He also to pressure from the man. ‚Some women revealed that their married ordered Mr Moi to find Ms Pluda a house in ‚Runda, Lavington, lovers were reluctant to let them have boys, fearing that this ‘outsider’ Kileleshwa, Kilimani or Karen or any other upmarket area of might one day claim a share of his inheritance,‛ Njoka explains. Nairobi‛. ‚This will accord with the standard of living that [Ms Pluda] was used to during the subsistence of their marriage. He shall provide As a result, many boys born out of wedlock were abandoned with their this house within 90 days or in default thereof he shall pay her the sum maternal grandparents. ‚This led to parental neglect, poor parenting of Sh60 million,‛ the judge said. and at times abuse at the hands of extended family members, making some run away to the streets in search of identity and acceptance,‛ The attention paid on status has angered a section of men who feel notes the report. The findings of this study, which were released two Mr Moi was a victim of laws that are continually favouring women. weeks ago, come amid growing concern among adoption agencies in One of those critical of the decision is Mr Ndiritu Njoka, the self- the country about the high number of boys in children’s homes. declared executive chairman of the Maendeleo ya Wanaume Muteru Njama, executive director of Little Angels Network, says this organization. Mr Njoka said the best way to get rid of the trap that is particularly pronounced among children who have celebrated their has caught many men is to amend laws to make men the automatic first birthday. custodians of children born in a marriage. ‚ Page | 89
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There is no problem if Mr Moi can comfortably foot the bill. But if he What is more; when a party to a divorce or child custody settlement feels the judge was excessive in slapping of the costs, I can help fails to raise the amount set by the court, the law allows the woman to pursue an appeal,‛ he said. The judge had expressed disappointment pay the government so he can be sent to civil jail. Nyando Resident at Mr Moi’s unwillingness to disclose his wealth. ‚However, his Magistrate Paul Wechuli said that once a man refuses to pay up the reluctance to disclose his properties will not prevent this court from set amount, his accuser can apply for either the attachment of the rendering its decision in accordance with the evidence placed on man’s property or throwing him in jail. ‚The man can be locked up for record,‛ he said. up to six months and the wife will shoulder the costs of his stay in jail,‛ the magistrate said. Automatic custody Mr Njoka said the proposal to give men automatic custody of children ‚However, the children’s court usually exercises discretion because is contained in a Bill sponsored by his organisation. ‚It is called the throwing someone into civil jail is often not a solution to a non- Family Bill and it has been presented to the National Assembly by our payer,‛ he added. An official at the Kisumu Main Prison, who declined secretary Waihenya Ndirangu, who is also the Roysambu MP, and is to be named, said that a woman paying for the jailing of her now before the House Legal Affairs committee,‛ he said. Contacted, estranged husband is required to pay on a monthly basis, adding that Mr Ndirangu said the Bill was awaiting the input of committee such a prisoner is handled like other inmates. members. ‚Mr Njoka is expected before the committee soon to share his views about it,‛ the MP said. ‚He was to appear before it last week Child maintenance but it (committee) was too busy for having received so many petitions. Mr Paul Kimuri Kirimi is such man. A ruling on the Kenya Law Reports His discussions to the team will help fill the gaps in the proposed law says Mr Kimuri was locked up for two months over a Sh3,103,461 debt before it can proceed.‛ Commenting on the place of status when owed to the ‚Standard Chartered Bank and child maintenance arrears. deciding divorce-related disputes, the judge in the Philip Moi case ‚He accepts his debts and his liability to pay them. He even makes said that courts cannot rebuild the full financial status of a spouse proposals to repay when he regains employment,‛ Lady Justice Farah after divorce. ‚Be that as it may, it is accepted that parties who Amin ruled in a case where Mr Kimuri sought to be declared bankrupt. approach the court for spousal maintenance cannot expect the court The judge ordered his release saying: ‚As a matter of logic and to afford them the lifestyle to which they were accustomed during the common sense, it is clear that the applicant has no prospect of marriage,‛ Justice Kimaru pointed out. In her case, Ms Pluda had repaying his debts while he is in prison. asked the court to pay a lump sum of not less than Sh100 million ‚even if such payment comprises a house and the rest in an amount In the circumstances, I order his immediate release.‛ Mr Chemaswet such as the court may determine‛. quoted the good book to support his claim that a man should be left to take care of children. ‚If you read the book of Genesis from the ‚[Ms Pluda] further urged the court to take into account the fact that 17th chapter, the story of Abraham and how he related with his sons Mr Moi had offered to provide her a house in Lavington, which cost Isaac and Ishmael, it is clear that the man is the one to bear the Sh24 million at the time of the offer but which currently costs responsibility of his children,‛ said the pastor at the Baptist Church in approximately Sh100 million,‛ the judge said. But Mr Moi said he Solai, Nakuru County. Currently, children’s custody is left to the could not pay the amount because his businesses had gone under, a discretion of the judicial officer handling a case, and the practice in claim that was dismissed by court. ‚He states that his finances have the courts has been to rule in the best interests of the children. since dwindled so much so that it would be unfair for the court to award maintenance of the basis of a lifestyle that is no longer Children fast sustainable,‛ said Justice Kimaru. Another recent court decision that Mr Njoka and Mr Chemaswet said that a father assuming the care of paid attention to status was delivered on January 31 by High Court his children is in the best interest of the child. ‚When a man is Family Division Judge William Musyoka. The ruling, published by the charged with taking care of children in a woman’s absence,‛ Mr Njoka Kenya Law Reports, says Justice Musyoka ordered a man, whose name said, ‚the children are at a better place because he can get another is abbreviated as C.Y.C. to protect his privacy, to provide a four-bed wife to take care of them. But when it is a woman left to take care of roomed mansion for his former wife K.S.Y.; provide furniture or pay children, boys usually suffer especially when their mother remarries. Sh1.5 million for the same, pay Sh300, 000 per month for expenses. The judge also ordered the man to ‚return either the Prado or Lexus That is why we have many boys in the streets.‛ Mr Chemaswet, that had previously been placed at her disposal or, in the alternative, renowned for his Kiswahili history program in the Kenya Broadcasting provision of another car of similar range or standard.‛ Corporation radio in the late ’90s, said most African cultures recognize a man’s home as a haven for children. ‚In the Kalenjin Children’s court traditions, for instance, it is said that a child has to return to their The orders were to last until a case between the two is finalised at the father one day. Ceremonies like initiation cannot be done in any other Children’s Court. Other high-profile Kenyans who have been involved home other than that of the father.‛ Vihiga-based lawyer Dorcas in child maintenance suits are former minister Fred Gumo, Bungoma Osabwa says that to avoid an acrimonious separation, couples should Senator Moses Wetang’ula, steeplechase champion Ezekiel Kemboi sign a pre-nuptial agreement like happens in the West. ‚When there and former House Speaker Kenneth Marende. In the Marende case, is such an arrangement, both parties know what they are getting for instance, the court ordered him to pay Sh103,780 as school fees themselves into. That will solve a lot of disputes,‛ she noted. ‚Parties for a three-year-old girl in February 2014. There was also another lady to a marriage have equal rights during and after marriage. If the wife seeking Mr Marende to honour a 2011 court order that he pays and children were accustomed to a particular status, that shouldn’t upkeep for a 10-year-old girl he had sired. Mr Peter Chemaswet, a end just because of divorce,‛ said Ms Osabwa. She said the courts are historian-cum-pastor, says the risk of commercializing the institution not unfair to men, adding that the judge only implements the law. of marriage is increasing.
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‚The doctrines that the courts implement are passed by Parliament,‛ Njoka, the chairman of Global Men's Empowerment Network said the lawyer. Ms Osabwa said no one should complain that (GMEN), lauds Kenyan lawmakers' decision to give a husband a free amounts set by the courts are high because they are always hand to take more wives and disregard partners' consent, "because reasonable. ‚If Philip Moi was honestly earning Sh10,000, would the you can't go and seek consent from a violent wife who does not court have ordered him to pay millions? I don’t think so,‛ she added. respect you." Are women out to make money from their husbands? TEN: SEVEN: As reported by the Star Newspaper Kenyan men urged to boycott meals in abuse protest Tormented by the fair sex 20 February 2012 as reported by BBC NETWORK Thirteen men senators, 11 governors, 97 MPs and 346 MCAs are A Kenyan men's lobby group has called for a six-day food boycott to abused physically, emotionally and economically by their wives and highlight what it says is increasing domestic violence against men.The mistresses daily, a report has revealed. Maendeleo Ya Wanaume organisation, Maendeleo Ya Wanaume, wants Kenyan men to stop Organisation chairman Ndiritu Njoka yesterday released a report and eating meals cooked at home by wives and partners. It says men said most men politicians are traumatised and pot to spend their should instead eat together outside the home, and share experiences evenings in bars after work to avoid confrontation with their wives. of emotional and physical abuse. Kenya's government does not take The report further said two senators, four governors, 15 MPs and 39 domestic violence against men seriously and may be fuelling it, the MCAs are left with "almost nothing" each month "because 95 per cent group says. Maendeleo Ya Wanaume's leader Ndiritu Njoka told the of their salaries goes towards paying for their divorced wives' upkeep, BBC's Network Africa program that he called for the nationwide and maintaining their mistresses and child expenses". The research boycott to try to stop women beating up or emotionally abusing their showed 75 per cent of men political leaders abuse alcohol, while 10 husbands and spouses. per cent abuse drugs. The research claims the men leaders resort to drugs, alcohol and substance abuse because of frustrations, physical Correspondents say most meals in Kenyan homes are cooked by and emotional abuse from their wives and mistresses. ‚Research women - and culturally it is important for men to eat at home in order revealed that infidelity among the wives of the male leaders is a major to show their appreciation for women. Maendeleo Ya Wanaume - cause of division which later turns to violence against the man to which means Global Men Empowerment Network was set up to try to conceal the guilt. It was further revealed that 60 per cent of the wives encourage men to speak out in a society that often ridicules as weak, of male political leaders have two or three extramarital relationships,‛ men who are subjected to domestic violence. Said the six- page report. The research was carried out in January in 47 counties. The group says the problem is growing as Kenyan women become Random sampling was used to get 700 people from each county to more economically independent - in part, it says, because of participate. government initiatives to improve the status of women. Last year, the Sixty per cent of the men political leaders were also interviewed group conducted its own survey of Central and Nairobi provinces and across the country.This included the sampling of the victims and found that up to 460,000 men said they had been subjected to some relatives of the political leaders.‚Most of these poor men die slowly in sort of domestic abuse. their bed due to starvation since their wives deny them medication and do not give them proper food," Njoka said. EIGHT: "Most of these early deaths are due to manageable ailments such as No Sex Day (International Day of Men Liberation) high blood pressure, diabetes, stroke, stress, torture and denial of Men worldwide will this day boycott making love with their wives or conjugal rights which leads to depression."The chairman girlfriends in unison to protest against the trampling on their rights. recommended that the only major solution to this problem is that This day will presumably be on 11th Day of November annually and Gender Crisis Centres should be constituted in the Parliament, will be International Day of Men Liberation-as stated by the book - Senators, Governors and MCAs Assembly so that the lawmakers may Coup de grace. Gender Apartheid.1st World war of Sexes. By Ndiritu report swiftly without ridicule by members of the public.There are various types of abuse i.e. physical, emotional and economic abuse, NINE: property rights violations of the male gender and fake children Aljazeera News as reported By Malkhadir Muhumed upkeep expenses and redress. Physical abuse includes battering and Polygamy bill allows Kenyan men many wives inflicting bodily harm,‛ Said the chairman. Kenya's parliament passed a bill allowing men to have a limitless number of wives, irritating women's rights groups. --"In Africa, ELEVEN: polygamy is a way of life, and when you're making a law you must go Nairobi activists launch Anti-Gay Day back to what the society wants," said Ndiritu Njoka, the chairman of Nairobi activists launch Anti-Gay Day in Kenya as Museveni beats Global Men's Empowerment Network (GMEN) in Kenya, an advocacy about-turn, signs Bill as reported by The Star Newspaper By KURIAN group established four year ago to counter focus on women and girls MUSA | Tuesday, Feb 25th 2014 at 00:00 Maendeleo ya Wanaume affairs at the expense of men and boys.--Njoka rejects the notion that chairperson Ndiritu Njoka (right) with other activists Monday in polygamy is exploitative of women, saying that plural marriages are Nairobi when they launched Anti-Gay Day. [PHOTO: COLLINS "practical" unions that reduce prostitution, HIV/Aids, infidelity and KWEYU/STANDARD] By KURIAN MUSA NAIROBI, KENYA: cheating. "It is now time people came out of their hypocrisy and Anti-gay activists in Nairobi have launched a day to spread gospel accepted polygamy,"--In Kenya, polygamy is common and even some against the practice. The activists led by Maendeleo ya Wanaume on wives, especially childless ones, willingly urge their husbands to take Monday termed homosexuality a foreign culture and noted that they another wife. So the current debate about the bill is strangely not will use Anti-Gay Day, which they will mark every February 24, to curb focused on telling men to stick to only one wife, but on women's right the habit that is spreading fast. to know their husbands decisions that have a bearing on their families. Page | 91
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MAWE said the practice should not be accepted in Kenya or any other 2. It created awareness in society and the government to employ African country. ‚We will go to learning institutions to preach against remedial measures in gender relations. gay relations. We will target universities, colleges and high schools,‛ 3. This resulted to the establishment of Gender Recovery Centers in said Njoka. The activists asked Parliament to legislate laws that Hospitals which was a recommendation of MAWE. criminalizes the practice and bar guest houses or lodgings from 4. It also encouraged men to start speaking out openly about their accommodating homosexuals. The day was launched as Uganda’s marital status freely without stigmatization. President Yoweri Museveni signed into law the controversial anti-gay Bill. Museveni assented to the Bill that has harsh penalties for FOURTEEN: homosexual sex yesterday, noting it is necessary since ‘arrogant and Statues of disgrace in public depicting stake naked men. careless Western groups’ had tried to ‘recruit’ Ugandan children into ‚Someone may have misunderstood MAWE when it mounted a homosexuality. The President signed the Bill at his official residence in spirited protest on the statue depicting a stark naked boy in front of an event witnessed by Government officials, journalists and a team of the Supreme Court of Kenya. These in my statement portrayed Ugandan scientists, whose report, which found that there is no injustice to the boys and the impression at the corridors of justice genetic basis for homosexuality, Museveni cited as his reason for evidently reflect the extent at which the boys have been ignored and backing the Bill. ‚We Africans never seek to impose our view on neglected even by law institutions. These statues of disgrace are not others. If only they could let us alone,‛ he said, talking of Western only in Kenya according to a research by MAWE but also in Olso City pressure not to sign the Bill. Government officials applauded after he in Norway known as ‘baby fighter’ which shows a stake naked grown signed the Bill. up man situated at Frogner Park in Norway. The statues according to MAWE portray cruelty and abuse to The new law calls for first-time offenders to be sentenced to 14 years children. Men who visit this park are traumatized and cannot in jail. It also sets life imprisonment as the maximum penalty for a comprehend the real interpretation of the statue which is seen category of offences called ‚aggravated homosexuality,‛ defined as holding two kids violently and kicking the other. This statue does not repeated gay sex between consenting adults as well as acts involving a only promotes and fuel GBV but also portrays men as potential child minor, a disabled person or where one partner is infected with HIV. abusers in the family. The shame should be removed in world public as The Bill is widely popular in Uganda, but international rights groups a matter of urgency in this Nation that claims to be leading in have condemned it as draconian in a country where homosexuality is observing gender parity. Another stake naked boy statue known as already criminalized. Some European countries threatened to cut aid Manneken Pis is seen peeing in public and is erected in front of a to Uganda if the measure is enacted. US President Barack Obama restaurant in Brussels City in Belgium and is over 600 years old and his warned that signing the Bill would ‘complicate’ the country’s partner Jeaneken Pis is a stake naked girl seen peeing in public in relationship with Washington. President Obama has been in the Brussels. These statues according to MAWE should either be clothed forefront of advocating for African nations to accommodate gay or removed in public as they violate children and human rights‛ people. Njoka and his group accused Obama of misleading Africans. ‚When he travels across the world, we see him with his wife and FIVETEEN: children. Why does he not seek a male counterpart,‛ an activist asked. Kikuyu (Kiambu County) rescue mission turns chaotic http://www.nation.co.ke Published on Jun 5, 2013 Death Threats A rescue mission for a bed ridden tycoon in Kikuyu town in Kiambu Njoka said his organization has come up with a proposal that will be County allegedly locked up in his house without access to medication tabled before the Attorney General to ask Parliament to enact turned chaotic when armed police dispersed sympathizers. Led by appropriate laws curbing homosexuality. ‚The practice is a cult; we Maendeleo Ya Wanaume organisation MAWE angry villagers stormed shall not accept it even if we continue receiving death threats. I have Mr Francis Muturi's compound but were soon repulsed by the police been threatened but I am not going to back off,‛ Njoka said. During who threatened to lob teargas canisters. The police also turned away the launch, Philip Onyango, a young boy confessed he was allegedly journalists but promised to take the ailing man to hospital. Villagers lured into homosexuality by men who offered him money. ‚They used claimed the man's wife was denying him access to doctors so that he me. After I tested HIV positive, they dumped me,‛ Onyango claimed. dies and she inherits his vast property. The police arrested activist and Another man, Ezekiel Omukhulu, said during a demonstration at locked him up at the Kikuyu police station before he was later Parliament building that his life was at risk after coming out to released." Gender abuse is rife in this area because of selective condemn members of the gay community. ‚From here, the empowerment of the females at the expense of males...scheming Government should protect men just as they protect women,‛ he said, women from this county lure their spouses to invest in their in-laws adding that when he joined homosexuality, he did not have a job and and sooner or later are often kicked out or killed and their property was so helpless. ‚They took advantage of my weakness and need for consfisticated by their widows," Njoka told journalists. help. Let the Government help youths like us with Uwezo Fund,‛ Omukhulu said. The activists asked African leaders not to be lured by SIXTEEN: western countries’ donor funds in order to accept homosexuality. The Nation Newspaper Reporter JAMES NGUJIRI Published on 24 June 2015 TWELVE: Second Annual International Day of The Boychild Marked in Kisumu Report on Nyeri County rate in domestic abuse. A woman accused of stabbing her lover's genitals with a knife was The study showed that reports made on Nyeri County by the national charged with assault yesterday in a Nyeri court. Ms Valentine Mugure, media especially on physical violence among other things might seem 25, is accused of stabbing Mr Paul Mwangi, 26, with a knife twice on to be out of proportion and uncalled to the populace of that county. Tuesday. She denied the charge. The prosecution asked that Mugure However according to the study:- be remanded as Mwangi was admitted to the Nyeri public hospital in 1. It revealed the nature of gender relation in society was a a critical condition after surgery. benchmark to other counties in the country. Page | 92
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The magistrate remanded Ms Mugure until the mention of the case 2. In Nairobi County a father killed his five sons and later on June 15. She is alleged to have stabbed Mr Mwangi with a knife at committed suicide by hanging himself in the police cells. Gamerock near Nyeri Town. The two have been living together for a 3. In Nakuru County a woman killed her husband on Christmas day few months and are reported to have had a quarrel over money which by slitting his throat with a kitchen knife after accusing him that led to the attack. This was the reportedly their first quarrel. Mr he did not buy a Christmas gift. Mwangi is a cashier in Nyeri town. Meanwhile, a lobby group fighting 4. In Samburu County an assistant chief was stabbed to death by his for the rights of men in the country has accused the government of wife during a domestic quarrel on how to share the proceeds of a entertaining domestic violence. Maendeleo ya Wanaume-MAWE cow the couple had sold, both were drunk during the argument. lobby group yesterday said many men are having their genitals 5. Malindi County, a man butchered his son and feasted on his chopped off and is now a countrywide disaster. internal organs.
The lobby group's statement followed reports over the last week in Cases of women engaging hit men to kill their husbands have being Nyeri where women have assaulted their men. The lobby's chairman, the norm. Although they might seem as isolated cases they serve as a Mr Ndiritu Njoka, challenged the county and the country's top clear indication that something is very wrong. leadership to condemn the attacks. "We have never heard the President or the First Lady talk about it. We have never heard political TWENTY leaders condemn these acts. We feel the government is entertaining Boys endangered violence against men," Mr Njoka told the Nation. Mr Njoka said from 1. On January 2015, a fourth year female student at Mt Kenya their statistics, 99 per cent of women who are perpetrators of violence University Teresia Roselyine Mburu confessed to killing her against men are set free by courts for 'lack of evidence', while 99 per boyfriend Zacharia Ndwiga by stabbing him. She accused him of cent of men are jailed. "It seems everything is against men," he said. being unfaithful. Ndwiga met his death in Thika’s Runda Estate He spoke as the group is set to hold its second annual international on Chrismas night in 2014 day of boys in Kisumu today. 2. On September 2015 a 21 year old girl was accused of brutally stabbing her boyfriend over a feud orchestrated by a text SEVENTEEN message at Buruburu in Nairobi. Ruth Kamande Wanjiru MAWE asks for battered men's funds reportedly stabbed her 24 year old lover Farid Muhammed 22 The Star Newspaper by Reuben Githinji on19July 2013 times in the back, stomach, chest and neck. Farid was MAWE Chairman-Ndiritu Njoka has requested-President Uhuru and pronounced dead at Nairobi Hospital. Ruth was charged with DeputyPresident William Ruto to set-aside funds for Gender-Based- murder at Milimani Law Court. Violence victims.Njoka said the funds willcater for the needs of childr 3. In March 2016 a pregnant teen stabbed her boyfriend to death en and survivors of theviolence.Speaking at the EmbuProvincial Ge after he posted the photo of another woman on his FaceBook neral Hospitalwhen hevisited Patrick Njue,Njoka said the funds are ve wall. Police said the 19 year old used a kitchen knife to kill Kelvin rynecessary since children usually fall victim of the differences betwee Itatwa of 25 years moments after he arrived at her house in n their parents..Njue was acid-burnt by his- Kangemi. Kelvin was a third year student in Nairobi University wife last Tuesday leaving him and a footballer with Wazito FC partially blind with blisters-on the face.Njoka protested the continued neglect of male gender-and shift of focus to their- It is only an ignorant government which will be deaf to such cases that female counterparts, leadingto rise in violence cases ofagainst the ma were rare in the recent past but are now common in the society. These le."Why hasn't the government done a survey on gender violence agai among other brutal face of life styles in the families are leaving every nst mensince independence? Thegovernment should serve itscitizens person wondering really what has gone wrong with marriage unions without discrimination since it was elected byboth genders," Njoka sai thus calls for national and international legal structural framework to d. He criticised the MarriageBill which has been tabled in-parliament, manage and monitor families in order to restore sanity. describing it as a scheme to undermine men.
EIGHTEEN MAWE writes to UN on drugs Oct. 22, 2013, The Star Newspaper By WAMBUGU KANYI Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organisation wants the UN to declare alcohol and drug abuse an international disaster. Chairman Ndiritu Njoka said letters have been sent to the world leaders over the matter. He said this was part of the group’s resolutions during a meeting held at a Nanyuki hotel on Sunday and attended by 200 members. The chairman also urged the government to raise the age limit of alcohol usage to 22 years. NINETEEN Case studies Months of December 2012 and January 2013 experienced a spate of family and gender based violence where it was reported that a man had killed his three sons and daughter in Kisii County. 1. In Nandi County a father hacked his two children to death and attacked his wife and then killed himself. Page | 93
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2. International Instruments The African Charter on Human and People’s Rights Adopted June 27, 1981, OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3 rev. 5, 21 I.L.M.58 (1982), entered into force Oct. 21, 1986 The Protocol To The African Charter On Human And Peoples’ Rights On The Rights Of Women In Africa, Adopted by the 2nd Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the Union, Maputo , 11 July 2003 The AU Solemn Declaration on Gender Equality in Africa concluded the Heads of State and Government meeting in the Third Ordinary Session of our Bibliography Assembly in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from 6-8 July 2004. The Declaration on the Elimination on Violence Against Women (DEVAW) Annexure 1 United Nations General Assembly Resolution 48/104 Of 20 December 1993 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) I. Books and Articles http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/eng.htm ONS BCS Focus on Violent Crime and Sexual Offences 2013/14 http://bit.ly/1BNXig1; Table 4.03 on Appendix Table: http://bit.ly/1xBrIHG The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) U.N.T.S. No. Bates, Elisabeth, A; Graham ” Kevan, Dr Nicola; Archer, John. 2013. Testing 14668, vol. 999 (1976) p. 171. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) Predictions From the Male Control Theory of Men’s Partner Violence. Aggressive Behavior. Vol. 9999. Pp. 1 ” 14. G.A. res. 2200A (XXI), 21 U.N.GAOR ONS BCS Focus on Violent Crime and Sexual Offences 2014/15 Supp. (No. 16) at 49 http://bit.ly/1p8CGl0 Table 4.13 on Appendix Table: http://bit.ly/1M1diC5 The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 19 I.L.M. 33 (1980) British Crime Survey 2008/09 Table 3.07 (page 76) - http://tinyurl.com/7u7nvm4 ONS BCS Focus on Violent Crime and Sexual Offences 2014/15; 3. National Laws The Constitution of Kenya (2000) http://bit.ly/1p8CGl0 Table 2.05 on Appendix Table: http://bit.ly/1M1diC5 Children’s Act Source: Department of Children, Society and the Family http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/research/data/uploadfiles/DCSF-RR128.pdf (page 26) The Sexual Offences Act, Act No 3 of 2006. (For 2013 data). Source: Forced Marriage Unit, Home Office: Penal Code Cap. 63 of the Laws of Kenya Marriage Act 2014 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/f ile/291855/FMU_2013_statistics.pdf Matrimonial property Act ”Cap 152 of the Laws of Kenya Benjamin J. A. & Lynn Murchison, Gender-Based Violence: Care & Protection Widows and Children Pension Scheme. of Children in Emergencies, A Field Guide, The Protection against Domestic Violence Act
Save the Children Federation Inc. (2004) Centre for Law and Research International (CLARION), ‚An Introduction to Annexure 2 Gender, Law and Society: Constitutional Survey Questionnaire Debate No. 11,‛ (Claripress Limited, Nairobi 2001) A: Research Site Information Centre for Rights Education and Awareness (CREAW) 2006 Bride Price: Is it 1. Location…………………………………………….. Modern Day Slavery? ; Nairobi: Centre for 2. Division……………………………………………… Rights, Education and Awareness 3. District………………………………………………. Flowers R. B., 1987, Women and Criminality, Practitioner Greenwood Press, 4. County.------USA. Government of Kenya, Report of the Commission on Marriage (1970) B: Bio-data and Household Information Hanmer J. and M. Maynard eds., 1987, Women, Violence and Social Control, 5. Name ……………………………………(Optional) MacMillan Academic and Professions Ltd., 6. Gender: 1. Male 2. Female Hong Kong. 7. Age……………………………………….……………. Joel Meyer, Reflections on Some Theories of Punishment, The Journal of 8. Marital Status Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 9. If Married or divorced/separated, type of marriage Vol. 59, No. 4 (Dec., 1968), pp. 595-599 10. Level of Education Mitullah W. et al., Women Inheritance Laws & Practices, WLEA, Nairobi 11. Spouse’s level of education (2002). 12. Occupation……………………………………………….. Rennison C. M., Ph.D. and Sarah Welchans Intimate Partner Violence, Bureau 13. Spouse’s Occupation…………………………………….. of Justice Statistics (BJS) Statisticians 14. Household information: Please fill in the following table Special Report May 2000 Stanko E. A., 1985, Intimate Intrusions, Routledge & Kegan Paul, New York, C: Household information USA (Children, other members, property and Source of Income) Tony Draper, An Introduction to Jeremy Bentham’s Theory of Punishment, a) Children/Gender Age Bentham Project, University College 1. In school London, http://eprints.ucl.ac.uk/653/1/9
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D: Prevalence, causes, and magnitude of Gender-based domestic violence Annexure iii: 14. a) Have you ever been physically abused within the homestead? Focus Groups Discussion Guide 1. Yes 2. No b) Yes who was the perpetrator……………………………………………….. c) Please narrate details of the occurrence giving the specific nature and type Section A: of the abuse. Prevalence and extent of GBDV/Intimate partner violence d) How often does such an incidence occur? (Tick one) 1. Site of study, group composition and description of participants 1. Once in while 2. Whether participants are aware of GBDV/Intimate partner violence in the 2. Regularly area, their estimation on prevalence and who the main perpetrators are 3. All the time (men/women?) e) What circumstances often lead to such abuses? (Please narrate in detail) 3. Major reasons/circumstances that usually occasion GBDV/Intimate partner 15. a) Have you ever been verbally/emotionally abused within the homestead? violence in the area (probe for family-based and other reasons) 1. Yes 2. No b) If yes, who was the perpetrator……………………………………………….. Section B: c) Please narrate details of the occurrence giving the specific nature of the Types and Forms of GBDV/ Intimate partner violence and the on sequences of abuse. violence d) How often do such incidences occur? (Tick one) 4. Nature and common types of prevailing GBDV/Intimate partner violence 1. Once in while including psychological/emotional, economic and physical bodily abuse 2. Regularly (probe in details the forms violence takes and estimated frequency of such 3. All the time occurrences) in the area e) What circumstances often lead to such abuses? (Please narrate in detail) 5. Consequences of the various types and forms of GBDV/Intimate partner 16. a) Does or has your spouse/partner ever given you support to better your violence in the area livelihood? 1. Yes 2. No 6. Whether participants have experienced any spousal support (men/women); b) If yes, please give details 7. Nature types of such support mentioned and the estimated prevalence of c) Has s/he ever denied you of anything that you feel is your entitlement? such spousal support in the area. 1. Yes 2. No d) If yes, Please give details Section C: e) What, in your view are the reasons behind such denial? Strategies for and challenges of addressing GBDV/Intimate partner violence 17. a) Has anyone you know experienced either physical or emotional or both 8. How the community, individual women/men deal with GBDV/Intimate types of abuses? partner violence in the area. 1. Yes 2. No 9. Types and forms of interventions to GBDV/Intimate partner violence in the b) Please narrate the circumstances that led to such abuses area that the participants are aware of in the areas c) How frequent are such incidences in this community? 10. Existing community level structures, government and civil society actors in 1. Very rare the area that are involved in addressing GBDV/Intimate partner violence 2. Rare (probe on the various initiatives) 3. Frequent 11. Performance (success/failure stories) of initiatives focusing on 4. Very Frequent GBDV/Intimate partner violence in the area d) What in your view underlies the frequency/rareness of such incidences? 12. What participants perceive to be challenges and barriers for success in addressing GBDV/Intimate partner violence in the area. E: Strategies for addressing gender-based domestic violence 18. a) How as an individual do you deal with physical abuses perpetrated by Section D: your spouse/partner or other member of the household? Suggestions on the way forward in tackling GBDV/Intimate partner violence 19. a) Have you ever reported an incidence of abuse to anyone, agency or 13. Participants’ suggestions on how to surmount the identified challenges and authority? barriers to effectively addressing GBDV/Intimate partner violence in general 1. Yes 2. No and their area in particular (probe for what they perceive as appropriate b) If yes, kindly give details including how the matter was resolved. individual, community, and civil society and government level initiatives) 20. a) Does this community use any methods to handle domestic violence? 14. Participants’ ideas on who should be involved in processes for addressing 1. Yes 2. No GBDV/Intimate partner violence and for what reasons b) If yes, please mention them and narrate their merits and de-merits in 15. The views of participants on strategies and activities that should be curbing the vice. deployed to deal effectively with GBDV/Intimate partner violence generally c) Suggest what you think are the best and most effective way of dealing and particularly in their area. domestic violence in your community 21. a) Are you aware of any initiatives/organizations that are involved in addressing domestic violence? 1. Yes 2. No b) If yes, please mention them. c) What do you suggest would be the best way for such initiatives/organizations to approach the issue of domestic violence? d) What in your view are the major challenges in stamping out domestic violence in your community? 22. a) In your view, which categories of people in your community are most affected by domestic violence? b) What are major consequences of domestic violence for those categories of people? 23. a) In your view, what type of changes should be made to the law to help fight domestic violence? b) Suggest the parties that should be involved while making such changes and in what way
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume (MAWE)
or Global Men Empowerment Network (GMEN) Head Quarters at- Githurai- C.E.O. Centre Ground Floor SUITE 10 & 11. P.O. Box 37077 00100 Nairobi – Office mobile no. 0733 222 544 Email [email protected] [email protected]@gmail.com
Date: March 2017
Press Statement Members of the fourth estate, Welcome to Maendeleo ya Wanaume Press briefing. Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization (MAWE) or Global Men Empowerment Network (GMEN) is an NGO in Kenya registered under no. OP.218/051/14-0281/9756 and committed to promoting gender equality, ending gender based violence and initiating programs that enhance male gender empowerment.
MAWE singular aim is to rally for an equitable society devoid of discrimination. MAWE believes that all persons in Kenya are susceptible to various forms of discrimination in one way or another. MAWE stands for the empowerment and restoration of the boy child and the man through deliberate government programs and policies that are destined to enable the male gender fit within the social constructs and expectations of the African society. Man is called to provide irrespective of his income or lack of it. Any order that upsets this traditional setup is bound to cause massive disruption of the family as the basic unit of the society.
We have called you here today to share with you findings of a research conducted by this organization on gender and domestic abuse and violence in Kenya. The survey was conducted by MAWE and sampled 10 counties in 2016 namely Nairobi, Nyeri, Kilifi, Kisumu, Kitui, Kisii, Kakamega, Meru, Homa bay and Nakuru counties using stratified cluster sampling approach.
The study revealed that violence against men and boys is an extensive rights abuse that is grossly under reported. The survey documented experiences from men and boys about physical, emotional and economic violence, including incidents of intimate partner violence and general gender and domestic based violence by non-intimate partners. The study revealed that 7 in 10 men have experienced some form of violence be it physical, emotional or economic in their lifetime. The study showed that 3 0ut of 10 men are regularly abused equivalent to 2.8 million. The study showed that over 200 boys are sexually assaulted daily. We have clustered the findings based on the counties where the survey was conducted and by the prevalence of violence against men and boys.
-Emotional abuse In the order of top bottom. 1. Nairobi 2. Kiambu 3. Meru 4. Homa Bay 5. Nakuru 6. Kakamega 7.Kilifi 8. Kisii 9. Machakos with Nyeri county becoming number 10.
-Economical and physical Abuse In the order of top to bottom 1. Nairobi 2. Kiambu 3. Kakamega 4. Nakuru 5. Homa Bay 6. Meru 7.Kilifi 8. Kisii 9. Machakos with Nyeri county becoming number 10.
The survey also identified varied reasons why men who experience violence fail to seek help or report. These include stigma, fear of rejection, embarrassment and fear of accelerated violence.
-The survey addresses the government on the following 16 key issues:-
1. The study showed that boy child neglect and abuse is a time bomb and recommends the government to declare it a disaster in waiting or a time bomb and also called on the introduction of an affirmative action urgently that will create among others programs that will motivate secondary school boys and prepare and equip them as young adults. 2. The study recommends the government that rape and defilement by men against men or boys be gazetted as a sexual offence crime that carries the same sentence as rape or defilement against females by also amending the Sexual Offences Act 2006.
3. The study recommends the government to declare circumcision free of charge to all boys and ban wearing shorts in schools and instead
wear trousers since shorts are colonial and a disadvantage to boys particularly in primary since most don’t have innerwear thereby
affecting their education and moral confidence.
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
4. The study recommends the government to ban prefects and the use of mobile phones by students in primary and
secondary schools.
5. The study recommends to the government to ban traditional circumcision of boys which has placed them at risks of HIV/AIDS and penis deformities. 6. The study recommends the government to legislate a Boy Girl Fund (BGF) that will equally benefit them as all have special needs and equal rights as children. 7. The study recommends the government to legislate Betting Games Laws that will ban under 18 years from practicing and also ban songs or videos that are abusive or intimidate and demoralize the male gender.
8. The study recommends to the government to deploy 2 armed police in all boarding schools as a security prevention
measure to curb sporadic arson and install CCTV in all secondary schools particularly in classes, dormitories and toilets so as to monitor student’s actions and curb cases of rape, insecurity and drug abuse. 9. The study recommends to the government to address civil rights of junior youths by lowering the effective age of identification requirement from 18 to 16 years as young adults in order to access their fundamental rights including access to modern technology, property acquisition, right to give evidence in court, driving, participate in general elections, access
to PIN and banking, health schemes, telecommunication and other modern requirements.
10. The study recommends the government to introduce Physical and Sex Education PSE in schools from form 1-4. 11. The study recommends to the government to ban selective gender empowerment programs and improve on equal gender budget allocation henceforth starting from the coming national budget where men are keen to see an all-inclusive budget proposition. 12. The study recommends the government to ban chiefs and their assistants from handling domestic violence matters and instead implement workable service to address domestic disputes. The mandated of handling domestic violence should not be downplayed by the government by allowing unqualified personals to mingle with sensitive marriage issues.
13. The study recommends to the government to ban the Women Enterprise Fund [WEF] and Uwezo Fund and or transform
them to a Family Fund [FF] so as to cater for the whole family as a unit with the husband, wife and children sharing equal access and responsibility on loans and defaults, men above 35 years who have no income activities are discriminated and therefore the fund will place them at par with the empowered wife. 14. The study recommends to the government to ban and declare boda boda transport a disaster in waiting as it is the top road killer and proposed the creation of Road Accidents Survivors Fund (RASF) and also register all road accidents survivors with
the County government in order to empower them with income generating activities and offset hospital bills which are very
high. It is a fact that many road accident victims end up selling properties, thus are reduced to paupers and potential bachelors and spinsters with the government also abandoning them to fate. 15. The Constitution of Kenya is a Goddess according MAWE since it grossly discriminates the male gender at the expense of females and needs a major surgery by amending contentious gender clauses like Article 100 which brackets all women as marginalized and assumes that all men are empowered because of the fact of been a man which is very misleading.
16. MAWE calls on all men to participate in the coming general elections by voting men and women of quality leadership who
have a clear policy agenda that will address among others men and boys matters. On behalf of MAWE, I take this opportunity to advice men countrywide to boycott voting for the so called Women County Reps in the coming general elections. Parliament should not be turned into an arena of gender animosity and feminism but should serve Kenyans equally regardless of gender. On this note, MAWE proposes the government to close all alcohol drinking and selling outlets on the Election Day and a day prior to the election date so as to observe a sober environment in the important process.
There have been repeated calls for years for a comprehensive data on violence against men and boys. It is clear, with the publication of these results, that the time is now ripe to address violence against men and boys on the basis of the results supplied by the study from the 10 selected counties.
Finally ladies and gentlemen, as an organization that aims to protect the rights of men and boys and as its chair, MAWE do hereby release these research findings to the public titled “State of the Nation Study on Violence against Men and Boys” which is the first of its kind to be published in this country. I hereby with authority bestowed to me by members of this organization and in accordance to the Constitution of Kenya, Article 132 (4)(d)and 54 (1) (a) on other public emergencies, do hereby request the President of Kenya to declare “a State of Emergency” due to these grave results on gender relations in Kenya. I therefore on behalf of MAWE raise a red flag to mark this black day and sad state of affairs for men and boys in Kenya.
On behalf of MAWE, I call upon both the National and County Governments and non-State actors to familiarize themselves with the findings of this survey and take appropriate urgent measures to tame violence against men and particularly boys and restore sanity in the social and economic sphere -Thank you.
Field Marshal Ndiritu Njoka Chairman, Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization (MAWE) or Global Men Empowerment Network (GMEN)
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Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization [MAWE] - State of the Nation Study on Violence Against Men and Boys [VAMB] in Kenya 2017
“Above is a photo of a deserted matrimonial home which portrays the status of many marriages currently”
Maendeleo Ya Wanaume Organization (MAWE) Global Men Empowerment Network (GMEN) [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Head Quarters at- Githurai- C.E.O. Centre Ground Floor, SUITE 10 & 11. P.O. Box 37077 00100 Nairobi Office mobile numbers. 0722 764 995 or 0733 222 544 or 0724 024 777
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