Iraq Iraq Findings from the World Poll Mohamed Younis, Senior Analyst and Senior Practice Consultant, Gallup Gallup World Poll Coverage

BBG Research Series

Media Consumption in Iraq Iraq Findings From the World Poll Mohamed Younis, Senior Analyst and Senior Practice Consultant, Gallup Gallup World Poll Coverage

• Five telephone surveys since 2013

• Last survey: April 2016

• Nationally representative of all adults 15 years and older

• Sample size: Approximately 1,000 per survey

• Mode: Telephone (landline+mobile)

• MoE ± 3.0 percentage points

Male 51% Female 49% 15-24 25% 25-34 36% 35+ 39% Employed full time for an employer 12% Unemployed 15% Primary education or less 65% Intermediate or secondary education 27% Higher education 7% Not enough money for Food 51% Lacking enough money for shelter 50% Finding it difficult on their present income 70% Living in Southern Iraq 36% Living In Baghdad 25% Living in Iraqi Kurdistan areas 13% Living In disputed areas 18% Living in areas with heavy ISIL presence 8%

Do the media in this country have a lot of FREEDOM, or NOT?

%Yes

 Noticeable escalation in protest movements demanding government reform

 Sadrist sit-ins and protests continue in Baghdad

 Iraqi Forces fully clear Hit District (west of Ramadi)

 Security forces launch clearing operations in Diyala

 April 12th CoR session descends into chaos; Jabouri leadership challenged

 Oil remains around $40-44/barrel exacerbating economic woes

 Beirut meeting between Sadr, Maliki and Sistani representatives under hospices of Hizbullah

8 Measuring Life Evaluation Gallup tracks the prevalence of three categories based on respondents’ present and future life ratings on a 0 to 10 scale:

Thriving Struggling Suffering

Respondents have Respondents have Respondents have negative views of moderate to negative positive views of their current life views of their their present life situation present life situation situation (7+) AND a (4 or below) AND OR moderate to positive view of negative views of negative views of where their lives will where their lives where their lives will be in five years (8+). will be in five years be in five years. (4 or below).

September '13 May '14 November '14 October '15 April '16 31%

28% 27% 26% 25% 23% 22% 22% 20% 20% 20% 19% 19% 19% 17% 17% 16% 16% 15% 15% 13% 13% 11% 10%

Heavy ISIL presence Disputed Areas Baghdad Iraqi Kurdistan Southern Iraq

Poor Only fair Good Excellent 80%

70% 67% 63% Poor

60% 54% 49% 50% 39% 40% 31% 28% 30% 26% 23% 22% 22% 19% Only Fair 20% 16% 10% 10% 6% 7% 4% Good 2% 2% 2% Excellent 0% September '13 May '14 November '14 October '15 April '16

72% 71% 71% 67% 67% 68% 65% 60% 63% 61% 59% 57% 58% 55% 50% 50% 50% 49% 46% 47% 46% 46% 40% 38%

21%

Heavy ISIL Presence Disputed Areas Baghdad Iraqi Kurdistan Southern Iraq September'13 May '14 November '14 October '15 April '16

September '13 November '14 October '15 April '16 82% 82% 78% 75% 72% 71% 71% 70% 69% 67% 64% 60% 61% 57% 58% 53% 53% 53% 53% 47% 43% 44% 36% 36%

Heavy ISIL Presence Disputed Areas Baghdad Iraqi Kurdistan Southern Iraq Total

% Yes September '13 May '14 November '14 October '15 April '16

65% 64% 60% 55% 54% 55% 55% 52% 53% 52% 50% 48% 49% 46% 45% 46% 44% 44% 43% 41% 43% 43% 42% 40% 37% 36% 35% 34% 34%

26%

Heavy ISIL Presence Disputed Areas Baghdad Iraqi Kurdistan Southern Iraq Total

November 2014 April 2016 Key Takeaways

• Half of Iraqi households have had times in past 12 months where they lacked sufficient food and shelter (First time that a majority of Iraqis have expressed food insecurity)

• Assessments of the job market and national economy are the worst Gallup has collected in the country since 2009

• Approval of PM Abbadi is currently below PM Nouri Al Maliki before he left office

• Most Iraqis (67%) lack confidence in the honesty of elections

• Wellbeing and perceptions of national institutions vary dramatically across regions

16 Media Use in Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan Region Diana Turecek, Director of Audience Research, Middle East Broadcasting Networks

• Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI) – Both landlines and mobile

• Fieldwork December 21, 2015 — January 22, 2016

• Sample size: 2,001

• Representative of all adults living in Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan Region (ages 15 and older in 19 governorates) – 21 million adults

• 2015 focus groups with Iraqi TV viewers in Baghdad

Percent who used Internet in past week

71% 58% All Iraqis 50% 40% 27% 18% 15-24 year olds

2012 2014-15 2015-16

• 50-70% of inhabitants in each province used internet in past week for news.

20 Use Increasing Among Traditional Low-use Populations

Past week Internet use among selected populations

2014-2015 2015-2016

52% 45% 39% 30% 28% 20%

Women Primary Ed or Rural Less

21 Iraqis Using Internet Heavily for Several Purposes

Percent of past week Internet users nationally and in selected provinces who did each activity online in the past week

Watched TV or video Used radio or audio Used computer or mobile app

69% 64% 37% 75% 65% 45%

78% 62% 48%

• 69-91% of past week Internet users in at least 8 of Iraq’s 19 provinces used Facebook in past week

• 49-72% of past week Internet users in at least 8 of Iraq’s 19 provinces used You Tube in past week

23 As More Use the Internet, More Trust It

2015/2016 2014/2015 Trust news on platform Trust news on platform strongly or somewhat strongly or somewhat

All respondents All respondents 15-24 year olds 15-24 year olds

81% TV 82%

50% 41% Internet versus Internet 60% 51%

Percent of Iraqis With Home Internet Access 2014/15 2015/16 60%

50%

• Access higher in all provinces except for Muthanna, Qadisiya, & Karbala in Southern Iraq

• Use has still increased in Qadasiya and Muthanna

• Iraqis have 3G as of 2015

Percent of Iraqis who used mobile to access Internet in past week

48% 34%

2014/15 2015/16

• Provinces where ISIS has lost territory (Anbar and Sala al Din) have greatest increases in Internet usage.

*ISIS executed six people in Mosul in Jan 2016 for using the Internet on cell phones; ISIS requires Internet users to register with names and addresses

27 Television Remains the Most Popular Media Source, Even Among Youth

Past week use for news All Iraqis 15-24 year olds 89% 87% 57% 67% 24% 26% 23% 26%

Television Internet Radio Print

I am watching more TV not just because of current events but because citizens have been forced to sit at home fearful of the street and the unknown. (Iraqi male in Baghdad, 2015 focus groups)

• 89% of past-week Internet users in Iraq also used TV in the past week for news

• 88% of 15-24 year old past-week Internet users used TV in the past week for news.

*ISIS launched satellite TV station in Mosul, BEIN HD4 in Jan 2016

Do you watch TV primarily Would you say you via a TV set or primarily exchange news with friends with another electronic and family... (n=1164) device? (n=1164) Primarily through face to A TV Set 94% face 70% conversations Through Another electronic electronic 4% means such as 22% device text, email, Skype

“At the current time, televisions are very developed and big and they work well and watching on a TV is wonderful and much better than (a phone or computer).” – male in Baghdad focus groups

• Many Iraqis using satellite Internet; government trying to cut access in ISIS-controlled areas

• 2014 Iraqi government asks Internet providers to shut down Internet in 5 provinces and block access to Facebook, Twitter, and other social networks

• Cost – Government increased prices of Internet and mobile top up cards in 2015 by 20%

• Internet use is increasing rapidly, but not replacing TV

• Increases vary significantly by province

• Internet trends will change as Iraqi government and ISIS vie for control of media

Satellite Dish in household Radio and TV Use for News % Yes 46% % citing radio as most important news source % citing TV as most important news source

86%

29% 63%

21%

Kurds Others Kurds Others

Kurds Others

100% 100% 100% 98% 97% 89%

72%

60% 51%

31% 27%

TV Radio Internet Satellite dish Landline phone Mobile

Kurds Others

82% 84%

51% 46%

28%

18%

TV Radio Internet

Percentage of respondents accessing news once or more than once daily More than once a day Once a day

25%

28%

60%

36%

Kurds Others

Rudaw 76% Al Iraquiya 79%

NRT 70% Al Sharquiya 75%

KTV 53% Al Baghdadia 71%

Kurdsat 51% Al Sumeria 58%

Zagros TV 40% Al Forat 51%

Al Arabiya 32% Al Arabiya 44%

Al Jazeera 25% Al Rashad 40%

Yegkirtu TV 19% Alhurra 35%

Roj TV 14% Al Jazeera 29%

BBC Arabic 13% BBC Arabic 19%

Kurds Others

Rudaw 55% Al Iraqiya 51%

NRT 42% Al Sharqiya 36%

Al 23% Al Arabiya 11% Baghdadia

Kurdsat 8% Al Arabiya 20%

Facebook 6% Facebook 14%

Percentage of each groups “very interested” in news about each country

Kurds Others 84%

62%

47%

32% 33%

18% 19% 15% 8% 7%

Iraq Syria Palestine USA Europe

Percentage citing NRT and Rudaw as one of top three news sources, by governorate

NRT Rudaw

40% Erbil 70%

30% Dohuk 77%

68% Sulemaniyah 40%

Percentage using Facebook and YouTube at least weekly to access news

Facebook YouTube 46%

32%

19%

Kurds Others

Daily or most days At least weekly

24% 15%

54% 56%

Kurds Others

84% 80%

15% 12% 9% 2%

Face to face Electronic means DK

• Kurds live in a different media environment and rely primarily on Kurdish language TV

• Differences in substantive interests.

• Historical differences in media access between Iraqi Kurdistan and rest of Iraq have disappeared

• Facebook and other forms of social-media based news sharing are increasingly important

Additional media data

47 Iraqis Using Internet Heavily for Several Purposes

Percent of past-week Internet users nationally and in selected provinces who did each activity online in past week All Iraqis (n=1164) Baghad(n=336) Anbar (n=611)

78% 75% 69% 62% 65% 64% 53% 54% 48% 45% 40% 37%

Watched Listened to online Sent/received video Downloaded or used video or TV radio or audio computer or mobile app

Iraq: Percentage of past-week Internet users in each province who used Facebook and YouTube in past week

Facebook YouTube

91% 84% 80% 83% 77% 83% 76% 70% 70% 69% 71% 72% 66% 64% 61% 49%

Baghdad Basra Saladin Dhi Qar Babil Najaf Anbar Diyala (n=336) (n=103) (n=61) (n=67) (n=55) (n=59) (n=61) (n=80)

• In Baghdad, 93% used mobile to access Facebook in past week; 31% used a computer

Iraq: Percentage Point Change in Past Week Internet Reach by Province (2014/15-2015/16) 58

41 44 32 25 26 28 21 19 12 15 9 -9

50 Internet Users versus TV Users

How frequently do you hear about the following topics in the media? At least several times a day.

Used TV past week not internet (n=699) Used internet past week not TV (n=106) • Internet users not getting more ISIS Information critical of 36% propaganda than TV groups such as ISIS users 26%

Information 20% supportive of groups such as ISIS 12%

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