TOWARDS A CORPUS OF THE CROATIAN PRE-SLAVIC TOPONYMS Dubravka Ivšić, Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics, Zagreb, ; [email protected]

INTRODUCTION The pre-Slavic stratum in Croatian toponymy includes all place names that developed on Croatian territory before Slavic tribes appeared (in the 6th/7th c.) It includes Latin, Greek, “Illyric”, other Indo-European and pre-Indo-European place names. Some of them were borrowed into and adapted in Proto-Slavic and outlived the Migration Period; others became extinct and were replaced with newer Slavic, Venetian, Turkish and Hungarian names and they are known to us only from written sources. The majority of toponyms with continuity in Croatian were adapted as (Vulgar) Latin words. The study of these names can give valuable information about the earliest stage of Slavic on Croatian territory and about the late stage of (Vulgar) Latin. Together with anthroponyms, it gives the only linguistic information about the language(s) of the tribes which settled in the Roman province Illyricum.

CRITERIA RESEARCH PLANS 1. Etymology explained within a Reexamine existing knowledge Describe extra-linguistic language that existed on Croatian on the matter features territory before Slavic people arrived Describe linguistic features Attestations 2. Early attestation (ancient sources) Phonological development Ubication 3. Archeological findings Phonological adaptations Archeological findings 4. Parallel formation on other territory Morphological adaptations Historical importance Geographical features 5. Economic importance Relative chronology Etymology

ANCIENT SOURCES Map of toponyms in the Republic of Croatia (the most abundant and STRATA the most important) Roman Greek Greek Pseudo Scylax (4th B.C.) Strabo, Geographica (1st B.C.) “Illyric” Claudius Ptolemy, Geographia (2nd c.) Other Indo-European

Latin Pre-Indo-European Pliny the Elder, Naturalis historia (1st c.) Itinerarium Antonini Augusti (3rd c.) Tabula Peutingeriana (4th c.) Toponyms with continuity in Croatian Late antiquity Anonymus Ravennatis, Roman stratum Cosmographia (7th c.)  20 Decimum – Dicmo  21 Lauriana – Lovran Inscriptions (CIL, CIG)  22 Parentium – Poreč

Greek stratum  23 Elaphites –  24 Issa –  25 Melite –  26 Pharos –  27 Spalatum – Split Toponyms without continuity  28 Tragurium – Trogir (historical toponyms) “Illyric” stratum  29 Aenona – Nin 1 Andautonia (Šćitarjevo)  30 Albona – Labin  2 Aquae Iasae (Varaždinske Toplice)  31 Flanona – Plomin  3 Aequum (Čitluk)  32 Salona – Solin  4 Arausona (near Vrana Lake)  33 Scardona – Skradin  5 Argyruntum (Starigrad Paklenica)  6 Asseria (PodgraĎe) Pre-Indo-European stratum  7 Balissae (Daruvar)  34 Apsarus – Osor  8 Burnum (Ivoševci)  35 Arba –  9 Certissa (Đakovo) Derivation and composition Toponyms with continuity  36 Arsia – Raša  10 Cibalae (Vinkovci) in Old Croatian  37 Brattia – Brač  11 Epetium (Stobreč)  49 Aematis – Imot-ski  38 Curicum –  12 Epidaurum (Cavtat)  50 Busi – Biš-evo  45 Korkyra – Krkar  39 Krepsa –  13 Iovallium (Valpovo)  51 Cissa – Cas-ka  46 Pola – Pulj  14 Lopsica (Sv. Juraj)  52 Ladesta – Last-ovo  47 Rubricata – Lapkat Other  15 Mursa (Osijek)  53 Muccurum – Makar-ska  48 Solenta – Sulet  40 Iader –  16 Oneum (Omiš)  54 Ulcus – Vuko-var  41 Senia – Senj  17 Promona (Tepljuh)  55 Vegium – Karlo-bag (today’s names Korčula, Pula,  42 Siscia – Sisak  18 Rider (Danilo)  56 Vegium – Baš-ka Vrgada, Šolta are more recent  43 Tilurium – Trilj  19 Servitium (Stara Gradiška) borrowings from Venetian)  44 Varvaria – Bribir …  57 Tarsat-ica – Trsat

Selected bibliography: Holzer, G. (2007), Historische Grammatik des Kroatischen, Frankfurt am Mein: Peter Lang. Krahe, H. (1954), Sprache und Vorzeit; Europäische Vorgeschichte nach dem Zeugnis der Sprache, Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer. Mayer, A. (1957, 1959), Die Sprache der alten Illyrier I, II, Wien. Skok, P. (1950), Slavenstvo i romanstvo na jadranskim otocima, Zagreb.