TOWARDS A CORPUS OF THE CROATIAN PRE-SLAVIC TOPONYMS Dubravka Ivšić, Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics, Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected]
INTRODUCTION The pre-Slavic stratum in Croatian toponymy includes all place names that developed on Croatian territory before Slavic tribes appeared (in the 6th/7th c.) It includes Latin, Greek, “Illyric”, other Indo-European and pre-Indo-European place names. Some of them were borrowed into and adapted in Proto-Slavic and outlived the Migration Period; others became extinct and were replaced with newer Slavic, Venetian, Turkish and Hungarian names and they are known to us only from written sources. The majority of toponyms with continuity in Croatian were adapted as (Vulgar) Latin words. The study of these names can give valuable information about the earliest stage of Slavic on Croatian territory and about the late stage of (Vulgar) Latin. Together with anthroponyms, it gives the only linguistic information about the language(s) of the tribes which settled in the Roman province Illyricum.
CRITERIA RESEARCH PLANS 1. Etymology explained within a Reexamine existing knowledge Describe extra-linguistic language that existed on Croatian on the matter features territory before Slavic people arrived Describe linguistic features Attestations 2. Early attestation (ancient sources) Phonological development Ubication 3. Archeological findings Phonological adaptations Archeological findings 4. Parallel formation on other territory Morphological adaptations Historical importance Geographical features 5. Economic importance Relative chronology Etymology
ANCIENT SOURCES Map of toponyms in the Republic of Croatia (the most abundant and STRATA the most important) Roman Greek Greek Pseudo Scylax (4th B.C.) Strabo, Geographica (1st B.C.) “Illyric” Claudius Ptolemy, Geographia (2nd c.) Other Indo-European
Latin Pre-Indo-European Pliny the Elder, Naturalis historia (1st c.) Itinerarium Antonini Augusti (3rd c.) Tabula Peutingeriana (4th c.) Toponyms with continuity in Croatian Late antiquity Anonymus Ravennatis, Roman stratum Cosmographia (7th c.) 20 Decimum – Dicmo 21 Lauriana – Lovran Inscriptions (CIL, CIG) 22 Parentium – Poreč
Greek stratum 23 Elaphites – Lopud 24 Issa – Vis 25 Melite – Mljet 26 Pharos – Hvar 27 Spalatum – Split Toponyms without continuity 28 Tragurium – Trogir (historical toponyms) “Illyric” stratum 29 Aenona – Nin 1 Andautonia (Šćitarjevo) 30 Albona – Labin 2 Aquae Iasae (Varaždinske Toplice) 31 Flanona – Plomin 3 Aequum (Čitluk) 32 Salona – Solin 4 Arausona (near Vrana Lake) 33 Scardona – Skradin 5 Argyruntum (Starigrad Paklenica) 6 Asseria (PodgraĎe) Pre-Indo-European stratum 7 Balissae (Daruvar) 34 Apsarus – Osor 8 Burnum (Ivoševci) 35 Arba – Rab 9 Certissa (Đakovo) Derivation and composition Toponyms with continuity 36 Arsia – Raša 10 Cibalae (Vinkovci) in Old Croatian 37 Brattia – Brač 11 Epetium (Stobreč) 49 Aematis – Imot-ski 38 Curicum – Krk 12 Epidaurum (Cavtat) 50 Busi – Biš-evo 45 Korkyra – Krkar 39 Krepsa – Cres 13 Iovallium (Valpovo) 51 Cissa – Cas-ka 46 Pola – Pulj 14 Lopsica (Sv. Juraj) 52 Ladesta – Last-ovo 47 Rubricata – Lapkat Other 15 Mursa (Osijek) 53 Muccurum – Makar-ska 48 Solenta – Sulet 40 Iader – Zadar 16 Oneum (Omiš) 54 Ulcus – Vuko-var 41 Senia – Senj 17 Promona (Tepljuh) 55 Vegium – Karlo-bag (today’s names Korčula, Pula, 42 Siscia – Sisak 18 Rider (Danilo) 56 Vegium – Baš-ka Vrgada, Šolta are more recent 43 Tilurium – Trilj 19 Servitium (Stara Gradiška) borrowings from Venetian) 44 Varvaria – Bribir … 57 Tarsat-ica – Trsat
Selected bibliography: Holzer, G. (2007), Historische Grammatik des Kroatischen, Frankfurt am Mein: Peter Lang. Krahe, H. (1954), Sprache und Vorzeit; Europäische Vorgeschichte nach dem Zeugnis der Sprache, Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer. Mayer, A. (1957, 1959), Die Sprache der alten Illyrier I, II, Wien. Skok, P. (1950), Slavenstvo i romanstvo na jadranskim otocima, Zagreb.