School-Aged Children and Youth

In June of 2015, King County adopted the Superior Court and the King County Pros- Youth Action Plan (YAP) to set King County’s ecutors Office, was created by the Youth priorities for serving its young people, from Link Board. As of 2014, Bellevue Youth infants through young adults. The YAP is Court worked with 56 youths involved in intended to guide and inform the County’s the King County Juvenile Justice System; 60 annual investment of more than $75 million cases were heard in Bellevue Youth Court, in services and programs to ensure that all of and 331 youth and 119 adults were trained King County’s young people thrive.1 Bellevue and volunteered in the program.3 as a community values YAP priorities. Re- • Newsweek magazine ranked all five Bel- sponding to the needs of and creating a strong levue high schools among the highest in foundation for healthy growth and develop- the nation in 2014. The Newsweek ranking ment for all youth, especially those for whom was based on six components: four-year there is limited access to resources they need on-time graduation rate, percent of gradu- to succeed, can improve the overall health of ates accepted to college, Advanced Place- the community. This is critical as the economy ment (AP)/International Baccalaureate continues to improve: research shows that (IB)/Advanced International Certificate of children living in low-income families experi- Education (AICE) tests taken per student, ence more negative life outcomes, such as poor average SAT and/or ACT scores, average health, impaired cognitive development, and AP/IB/AICE test scores, and AP courses of- lost economic potential.2 fered per student.4 In 2015, U.S. News and World Report magazine ranked all five Bel- levue high schools among the top 10 High What’s Working? 5 • Friends of Youth, along with Auburn Youth Schools in Washington. Resources and YouthCare run the Safe Place program supporting teens in crisis. Safe Prevalence Place locations provide immediate help Demographics and safety for youth ages 11-17, connecting • According to the 2013 American Commu- them with resources or emergency shelter. nity Census, school-age youth, ages 5-19 • Eastside Pathways, a Bellevue based non- comprised about 16% of Bellevue’s popula- profit, is a community wide partnership tion in 2011-2013. Bellevue had a smaller committed to the idea that collective ac- proportion of school-age youth than did the tion is needed to provide every child with nation (20%), state (19%) and county (17%), a chance for success in school and in life. but a larger proportion than did Redmond Eastside Pathways uses a collective ac- (15%) and Seattle (13%).6 tion framework, such as shared vision and measurement, to support all children in a growing, changing Bellevue, from “cradle Education to career”. Some of the core indicators that • As of October 2014, the Bellevue School will be tracked include academic and work District’s (BSD) enrollment was 19,097 success, in alignment with the Bellevue which is an increase from 2013 when enroll- 7 School District’s Instructional Initiatives, ment was 18,515. as well as those that help children get a • Approximately 1,038 Bellevue households healthy start, such as immunizations and have students that attend school in the Is- quality childcare programs. saquah School District which had a total • Bellevue Youth Court, a year-round pro- enrollment of 19,000 students as of July, 8 gram in partnership with King County 2015.

179 2015-2016 Needs Update Bellevue, Washington • Funding for Head Start and the State number of years, or “on-time” which is Early Childhood Education and Assistance in four academic years for most students. Program (ECEAP) in King County is insuf- Graduation rates disproportionately affect ficient to meet the need for quality early some students of color. In the BSD, Black learning for children from families with students had an on-time graduation rate of incomes at or below 100% of the federal 78.7% compared to 89.6% of White stu- poverty level. Bellevue School District and dents. Hispanic/Latino students had an on- Bellevue College only have a total of 181 time graduation rate of 79.3%. The on-time Head Start slots in 2015.9 Bellevue College graduation rate is the indicator used across has 30 of these slots.10 The Bellevue School the State as part of “Adequate Yearly Prog- District has 60 slots ECEAP slots for 2015. ress” (AYP) calculations. Currently there The Bellevue School District in 2015-2016 is a national effort to have states report was funded for 20 additional slots that pro- graduation rates in the same way, which vide full day childcare, half day pre-school will make state to state comparisons more and before and after-school programs to valid.13 children six weeks to 5th grade for a total • The extended graduation rate includes of 2,000 slots. Based on the 2014-2015 DEL those students who took longer than four saturation study, they are 83 additional years to graduate. To meet all district and 3-4 years olds that are income eligible and state graduation requirements sometimes likely to attend, that there currently is no takes 5 or 6 years. Grads in this group federal/state preschool slots for in the Bel- might include students who entered the levue School District.11 district after 9th grade, English language learners, certain students receiving special “We need more affordable after school education services, and others. In Bellevue, programs for kids.” the extended graduation rate was 91.0% in Community Conversation, Stevenson 2013-2014.14 Elementary School Latino Parents

• Research shows that school dropouts have Racial and Ethnic Diversity • According to the 2013 American Commu- a tougher time finding employment and nity Census (ACS), the racial and ethnic di- earn significantly less than those students versity of the population in Bellevue under who finish high school and go on to at least age 18 is higher (48.0%) than the diversity some college. Other studies indicate that of the adult population (38.1%).15 high school dropouts are three and one-half • Over the past 16 years, the percentage of times more likely than high school gradu- Hispanic students in the Bellevue School ates to be arrested, and over eight times District has more than doubled. The per- more likely to be in jail or in prison. Across centage of Hispanics in 1996-1997 was the country, 68% of state prison inmates about 5.3%; in 2006-2007, it was 8.1% and do not receive a high school diploma.12 The in 2013 it was 10.3%. As of October 2014, State of Washington defines dropouts as 1) Hispanics represent an 11.6% of Bellevue’s those who actually drop out of school be- School District.16 fore graduation and 2) those who withdraw • The percentage of White students has from the district before graduation without declined every year, which reflects the giving information about whether or not increasing diversity in the district. In 2014- they enrolled in another district (these stu- 2015, 42.1% of Bellevue’s students were dents are called “unknown withdrawals”). White, compared to 71.4% in 1996.17 • The Bellevue School District in 2013-2014 • Including English, Bellevue School District had an on-time graduation rate of 88.9%, students speak 87 first languages. One compared to 73.0% in Seattle and 88.6% in third (33.5%) of students speaks a language Lake Washington School Districts. These other than English as their first language. reflect the results for those students who Spanish is the most common language after complete their education in the standard

180 2015-2016 Needs Update Bellevue, Washington Cougar Ridge Elementary BSD Enrollment by Ethnic Group, Schools and Issaquah Middle 2014-2015 School. Sunset has 15 English Multiracial, Language Learners, with 10 African 8.8% American, 2.7% languages spoken other than English, the most common are Chinese, Tagalog, Russian, Hispanic, 11.6% Spanish, and Urdu. Cougar Ridge has 54 students who are White, 42.1% English Language Learners, with 10 languages spoken other than English, the most common Asian and Pacific Islander, is Chinese. Issaquah Middle has 34.4% 6 students who are English Lan- guage Learners, with 9 languag- es spoken other than English, Figure 1. Source: Bellevue School District, 2015. the most common is Chinese.21 English, followed by Chinese-Mandarin, Korean, Chinese-Cantonese, Russian, Japa- nese, Vietnamese, Teluga, Hindi, French, Children and Youth Living in Tamil, French, Farsi (Persian), and Arabic.18 Poverty • In 2014, 10.7% of Bellevue School District • The official measure of poverty in the U.S. students are enrolled in English Language was developed in 1963 to track the impact Learner (ELL) classes. The majority of ELL of the Johnson Administration’s War on students are in grades K-5.19 Poverty. Children are referred to as “poor” if they live in families who earn below 100% “I want kids of all races to feel good about of the federal poverty level ($23,624 for a themselves.” family of four in 2013) and “low-income” Community Café, Highland Middle School if they live in families below 200% of the Parent poverty level ($47,100 for a family of four in 2013).22 Nationally, the number of poor • In the Issaquah School District, the fol- children has risen to 16.1 million in 2013.23 lowing racial breakout was reported in The national child poverty rate has risen 2013-2014: White, 61.4%; Hispanic, 7.4%; to 21.8 % in 2015 according to the National Black/African American, 1.8%; Asian/Pa- Report Card by Stanford Center on Poverty cific Islander, 23.7%; American Indian, .2%. and Inequality.24 Based on a model of the Over 883 students received ELL services in 2013-2014. These students represent 49 different cul- tures and language groups. The most common are Span- ish, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Russian and Japanese.20 Some students who are Bellevue residents attend schools in the Issaquah School District: Sunset and Figure 2. Source: Communities Count, 2013. 181 2015-2016 Needs Update Bellevue, Washington historical relationship between state child the percentage of students who receive free poverty rates and economic conditions, and reduced-price lunch. According to the child poverty rate predictions for 2010 were Bellevue School District, the total percent- developed for each state. In Washington age of students qualifying for lunch assis- State 18.6% of children lived in poverty in tance remained relatively steady until 2009. 2013.25 Over a ten year period, the percentage rose • In 2013, Communities Count, Social and to 19.2% during the 2004-05 school year. It Health Indicators across King County declined marginally, from 18.9% in 2005-06 reported over 16% of King County children to 17.7% in 2008-2009, and then jumped to ages 0-17 (about 70,000) lived in poverty.26 21.6% in 2012-2013. In 2013-2014, the rate Poverty rates for children hasn’t changed declined slightly to 19.6% and in 2014-2015 since 2010 (16%), 2007 (13%), 1999 (10%), the rate was at 19.0%.29 The percent of stu- but the number of children has increased by dents qualifying for free and reduced price about 5,000.26 The City of Bellevue reports lunch varies by school. As shown in figure 7.6 % poverty rates according to the latest 3, there are 10 out of 30 in the district with American Community Survey (ACS 2013) more than 20% of student’s eligible for free data compared to King County’s 16%.27 or reduced price lunches for 2014-2015.30 However, certain areas within Bellevue • In the Issaquah School District, about 9.3% have historically had much higher rates of students are eligible for free and reduced of children in poverty than others. For price lunch.31 instance % of School Enrollment Qualifying for Free/Reduced Lunch in 2005- Elementary Middle High 2009, 0‐10% Bennett, Cherry Crest, Clyde Hill, International International it was Medina, Puesta del Sol, Somerset, estimated Spiritridge, Jing Mei, Newport that Heights 24% of children 11‐20% Eastgate, Enatai, Newport Heights Chinook, Big Picture, Bellevue, Big living Tyee, Tillicum Picture, in West Newport Lake 21‐30% Woodridge Odle Hills 31‐40% Phantom Lake Interlake were 41‐50% Ardmore, Sherwood Forest, Highland Sammamish living in Stevenson poverty 51‐70% Lake Hills compar- BSD (2014‐2015) ed to Figure 3. Source: Bellevue School District, 2015. zero percent in Somerset and Northwest • Students of color are dis-proportionately Bellevue.28 represented in the free and reduced price lunch program. This is clear in Figure 4 “Homeless youth who are students at that shows the percentage of students by Bellevue College: it is a challenge for them to racial/ethnic group, and the percentage of stay in a shelter then get to class on time as students in these categories enrolled in the the shelter is in Redmond. Also, if they have free or reduced price lunch program. a later class they struggle to get to the shelter • The Bellevue School District reports a large after class as the shelter fills up.” increase in students eligible to receive ser- Community conversation, Bellevue College vices funded by the federal McKinney-Ven- Staff to Act because they are homeless. In 2007, 48 qualified; in 2009, the number increased • Another measure of poverty and low- to 93. In 2012-2013, 204 students were en- income status in the area of food security is rolled and in 2013-2014 the trend continued

182 2015-2016 Needs Update Bellevue, Washington to increase with 228 students enrolled. Last crease compared to 2009 when it was 13.8. year the total for the 2014-2015 school year In 2013, the State’s birth rate was 8.9/1,000, was 220 students. In the Issaquah School which are similar numbers to 2011 birth District, in 2010-2011, 135 students were rates.34 The national teen birth rate was 12.3 enrolled, and in 2011-2012, that number births/1000 in 2013.35 One of the reasons increased to 137 students and for 2013-2014 this age group is tracked is because it is at it decreased to 122 students enrolled.32 the highest risk for poor birth outcomes, such as low birth weight Bellevue School District Free/Reduced Lunch and prematurity which Enrollment by Ethnicity K-12, October 2014 puts the infant at risk for infant death, blindness 70% and deafness. Children 61% born to single teen- 60% 54% age mothers are more 50% likely to drop out of school, give birth out of 40% wedlock, and become 30% dependent on welfare, compared to children 20% 15% 12% 11% with older parents.36 10% • Between 2008-2012, the average teen birth 0% Asian African American Hispanic Multi-Ethnic White rate in King County for females ages 15-17 was Figure 4. Source: Bellevue School District, 2014-2015. 8.1/1,000 births. During the same time period, Health and Mental Health Issues average teen birth rates in South King • Under the Affordable Care Act, those 18 County (12.7) and Seattle (7.3) were higher years old or younger will have wider cov- than in East (2.8) or North King County 37 erage under Medicaid and Washington’s (4.0). Apple Health for Kids. (Note: For more in- “Though there appears to be a number formation about this issue, see the Health Care of resources available for youth, when section of this report.) doctors try to access them for patients in the • Sound Mental Health staff state that many Emergency Department, they find barriers of the children serve in their school pro- that make them ineligible.” gram would not access services if they had Community Conversation, Evergreen Hospital to go outside of the community. The youth and Medical Center Staff served in the program are very-low and low income whose families rely on safety net services. Issues that are addressed • In 2011-2013, the rate of births per 1,000 through their counseling program are women ages 15 through 19 living within anxiety, trauma, depression and chemi- the Bellevue School District was estimated cal dependency. Many of the children and to be about 0.00 births per 1,000 women, youth need multiple modalities to become which was much lower than the overall engaged, including outreach.33 birth rate for women ages 15 through 19 • Pregnancy rates among teens 15-17 years living in King County of 12 births per 1,000 38 old in Washington State declined steadily women. from 59.0 per 1,000 females in 1989 to 19.4 • Average teen birth rates from 2008-2012 per 1,000 in 2011, which was the lowest in in King County were higher among His- almost 30 years. The State’s birth rate for panics/Latinas (31.1 per 1,000), American this age group was 8.2/1,000 in 2011, a de- Indian/Alaska Natives, (19.3 per 1,000), and

183 2015-2016 Needs Update Bellevue, Washington African Americans (11.0 per 1,000) than and 21% of 10th graders reported the speci- among Whites (7.4 per 1,000) and Asians fied alcohol usage in the past 30 days; 20% reporting a single race (3.8 per 1,000).39 of 12th graders and 12% of 10th graders • Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) are reported smoking marijuana in the past 30 spread through sexual contact with another days.47 person who is infected. Every year about • Youth Eastside Services (YES) staff report four million teens in the U.S get STDs. The that more young people are coming into most common STDs for teens are genital their offices with higher acuity than before: warts (HPV), chlamydia, and gonorrhea. more substance abuse, anxiety, suicide People affected by other STDs are two ideation and depression. They have also to five times more vulnerable to Human noticed that more youth from middle and Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).40 In King higher income families are seeking help, County, the most frequently reported STDs rather than youth from families with more among 15-19 year olds are chlamydia, gon- risk factors, such as poverty. Funding for orrhea and initial genital herpes.41 prevention services has been decreasing • Lack of exercise and being overweight are over the past decade and YES staff specu- risk factors for serious illnesses such as late that perhaps this has contributed to the heart disease, hypertension and diabetes, increase of youth with more issues current- and contribute to premature death. Fac- ly.48 tors contributing to the increasing rates of overweight children include fewer oppor- “We need programs that help kids who tunities for physical activities, media and are experiencing stress and pressure from marketing, and increased time in sedentary parents and school. Maybe a parent/student activities, such as watching television or night so both can communicate with each using computers.42 According to the find- other about these stresses.” ings from the most recent Washington Community Conversation, Bellevue Boys and State Healthy Youth Survey, conducted in Girls Club Participant 2014 with middle and high school students across the state, 25% of 10th grade students • Nationally, 16% of high school students were overweight.43 In King County in 2014, consider suicide, 13% have a plan, and 8% 19% of youth in grade 8, 20% of youth in attempt suicide.49 Suicide is associated with grade 10, and 20% of youth in grade 12 major depression, anxiety, eating disorders, were overweight or obese.44 and substance misuse.50 • The Healthy Youth Survey also provides Contemplation of Suicide information about Percent of students who report having seriously considered suicide substance use by in the past year youth. In 2014 in King County, 31% of 25% 20% 12th graders and 20% 20% 18% 18% of 10th graders re- 15% 16% 15% ported having drunk 15% a glass, can or bottle 10% of alcohol in the 45 Question not past 30 days. 26% 5% asked at this of 12th graders and grade 17% of 10th graders 0% reported smoking Grade 6 Grade 8 Grade 10 Grade 12 marijuana in the past King County Statewide 30 days.46 In the Bel- levue School District, Figure 5. Source: 2014 Health Youth Survey-King County/ 32% of 12th graders Washington State.

184 2015-2016 Needs Update Bellevue, Washington • Suicide is the second leading cause of death of youth held in Juvenile Rehabilitation among Washington youth ages 15-24 and Administration facilities. A tool called the the third leading cause of death nation- Relative Rate Index (RRI), used to measure ally.51 In Washington, an average of two differences in respect to an occurrence of an young people die of suicide each week, and event found that if a youth who is African seventeen attempts result in hospitaliza- American or Black is 4.5 on the RRI for ju- tion.52 According to the National Center for venile arrests, he is 450% more likely to be Health Statistics, Washington has the 21st arrested than a youth who is white. A study highest overall suicide rate in the nation.53 found that minority youth are diverted The Healthy Youth Survey 2014 showed from criminal prosecution at lower rates 16% of Bellevue School District youth (8th, that white youth and are less likely to be 10th and 12th graders)had contemplated diverted for subsequent offenses than white suicide in the last 12 months.54 youth.57 • In Bellevue in 2014, 14% of eighth graders • Youth come to the Juvenile Rehabilitation and 16% of twelfth graders said they con- Administration with complex disorders templated suicide.55 which often are the root of their criminal behavior. In 2011, the JRA reported that more than 64% of youth held in JRA facili- Youth Violence ties had “significant mental health issues,” • In 2011, 23,004 juveniles were arrested and 48% had substance abuse issues. Over in Washington State, a rate of 32.6 per 80% of JRA youth had co-occurring disor- 1,000 youth age 10-17; this is the lowest ders both in residential care and on parole juvenile rate reported since prior to 1982, aftercare.58 a 48% decrease from the 2001 rate, and ap- • In 2013, there were 667 juvenile arrests in proximatively a 10% decrease from 2010 to King County, a 30% decrease compared 2011. There were 1,016 violent crime rate to the 961 that were reported in 2012.59 In arrests, for a violent crime rate of 1.4 per Bellevue in 2014, 328 youth were arrested, a 1,000 youth age 10-17 juveniles (the low- 28% decrease compared to 2009 when there est violent crime rate reported since prior were 422.60 to 1982). This is a 44% decrease from 2010 • In King County in 2013, there were 118 ju- to 2011. Females represented 30.4% of all venile violent crime arrests (murder, man- juveniles’ arrests in 2011, remaining rela- slaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated tive constant over the past 9 years. Between assault).61 In 2014 in Bellevue, 17 juveniles 2001 and 2011 the percentage of total arrests were arrested for violent crimes.62 increased by about 7% for girls, for boys • In 2014, while 90% of King County sixth it decreased about 3% in comparison. The graders feel safe at school, only 65% re- percentage of juvenile arrests by race shows port actually enjoying school, similar to an increase of 8.8% in the overall percent- 2012. About the same number of twelfth age of total arrests for minority youth from graders reported feeling safe (89%), and 2010-2011.56 enjoyed school (40%) also similar to 2012.63 • Washington State data collected on youth In Bellevue, 92% of sixth graders and 93% in the juvenile justice system reveals that of twelfth graders felt safe at school, both minority youth are disproportionately similar to 2012; 65% of sixth graders and represented as they progress through the 40% of twelfth graders reported enjoying juvenile justice system. For this reason, dis- school, also similar to 2012.64 proportionate minority contact (DMC) has • In 2014, 5% of King County twelfth graders become the priority issue for the Washing- report having been a member of a gang in ton State Partnership Council on Juvenile the past 12 months; almost 4% of Bellevue Justice. For example, while in 2011 Wash- eighth graders reported gang membership, ington State’s population of minority youth a decrease from 2012 when it was 6%.65 10-17 years old made up 33.6% of the total According to the Bellevue Police Depart- youth population, they composed 56.8% ment, gang activity has declined greatly.

185 2015-2016 Needs Update Bellevue, Washington In 2008, there was 11 gang related cases. In vides a number of activities for school-aged 2014-2015 there was no gang related cases. children and youth including before and af- The Bellevue officers that do community ter school programs and anti-bullying pro- outreach based out of Crossroads Police grams at two elementary and one middle Substation report that agencies that have school. In addition to youth focused goals, youth after-school and summer programs program staff help parents connect with re- such as YES, Boys and Girls Clubs Teen sources, as well as build good relationships Centers, YWCA, Jubilee REACH and Salva- with the school and the community.68 tion Army are one of the reasons that there • Youth Eastside Services’ (YES) SUCCESS is not more gang activity in a growing city Mentoring Program recruits mentors to like Bellevue. Programs that work with encourage youth to develop the skills and youth from low-income families who may qualities they need to be successful in life, be “latch-key” kids because their families help them build self-esteem and provide work several jobs to make ends meet are es- them with continual support and guid- pecially critical to help provide experiences ance. Research shows that mentoring can such as mentoring, sports, school home- decrease involvement in high-risk behav- work support and positive role models. ior. Many of the YES clients come from Such programs give youth, especially those single-parent, female headed households, in middle school where often early gang so a positive male model who is a mentor is involvement begins, alternatives that can be especially important.69 life changing. In the Bellevue School Dis- • Bellevue Boys & Girls Club provides a trict, they have added 2 additional School Project Learn after school program. The Resource Officers (SRO) that total 8 officers program is designed to increase academic for the district. In the 2 middle schools, 4 performance in reading, writing, and home- officers are stationed there and the other 4 work.70 officers are stationed at the 4 high schools • Teen Closet provides gently used and new to provide support to youth in a more posi- clothing for homeless and low-income tive setting, and also redirect youth who teens on the Eastside, to raise self-esteem need help in a more positive direction.66 and keep youth in school. Organized by a Youth Link action team, youth set up and pick up clothes from a primary sponsor, Service Trends Plato’s Closet. Distribution is in various lo- Support for Youth in the Community cations, but the primary one is the Ground • The VIBES (Volunteers in Bellevue’s Educa- Zero “The Club” site with the Boys and tion System) program works in all Bellevue Girls Club of Bellevue.71 schools to provide one-on-one mentoring • Jubilee REACH, a family support center and tutoring to students. They are continu- in the Lake Hills neighborhood, offers an ally trying to bring support to elementary extensive array of services for children and schools for the 3rd grade Reading Initiative, their families. Some services that spe- academic tutors for struggling middle and cifically address the needs of school-aged high school students and college applica- children and youth include KidREACH tion specialists for high school students. tutoring, a music and recording studio, art They always have more requests for tutors club and studio, one-on-one GED teaching, and mentors than volunteers. The greatest as well as summer camps and after-school lack is in bilingual volunteers (primarily activities.72 English-Spanish) as they see a continuing • Eastside Pathways’ partners, along with increase of students of color and upper end the Bellevue School District, have united tutors (AP Chemistry, AP Calculus, AP to close the gap in reading ability among 67 Statistics). all children in Bellevue. Their first area of • The Wrap-Around Services Program, a col- focus is the critical time from birth through laborative partnership between the City of third grade, which research has shown is Bellevue, and Bellevue School District pro- crucial to life success. They have a goal of

186 2015-2016 Needs Update Bellevue, Washington 100% of children reading at grade level by with include: anxiety, depression, suicidal 2016 and beyond (the rate is 87.9% current- ideation, self-injuring behavior, anger man- ly). They address this gap with strategies agement problems, academic challenges, in school readiness, school attendance, and social problems and bullying, divorce, summer and extended learning.73 behavior problems, family conflict, par- • The Bellevue School District created a ents with addiction issues, and exposure Department of Equity which operates with to domestic/family violence. They are also the belief that, “ An equitable and excel- seeing a trend of clients who present with lent school district is one which all students co-occurring mental health and substance achieve high levels of academic success, abuse. Due to the high acuity of many YES regardless of any student’s race, ethnicity, clients, some who are exhibiting life-threat- culture, country of origin, religion, gender, ening behaviors, the agency has committed special needs, sexual orientation, neigh- to training their staff in evidence-based borhood, income of parents, or mother therapies so clinicians can intervene most tongue. In an equitable and excellent school effectively with their clients. Some of these district, there are no persistent patterns of EBP’s are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, differences in the academic achievement TFCBT, and Dialectical Behavioral Thera- or treatment of students grouped by race, py.75 ethnicity, culture, special needs, country of origin, religion, gender, sexual orientation, “The sheer number of young people coming neighborhood, income of parents or mother in with high acuity, substance abuse, anxiety tongue. Equity and excellence occur when and depression is increasing. We are seeing each and every student is served effectively more middle and high income youth seeking to achieve high levels.” The areas in which help, not just lower income youth and families the department has goals include teaching with traditional risk factors.” and learning, student and family supports, Community Conversation, Youth Eastside and leadership and equity in the work- Services Staff place.74 • Bullying has been defined as physical or psychological aggression which is intended Health and Mental Health Issues to harm or disturb, occurs repeatedly, and • YES has a variety of Early Intervention Pro- has a powerful person or group attacking grams for individuals, families or groups a less powerful one. In 2002, Washington in all three departments –Youth and Family State passed an Anti-Bullying Law that re- Counseling, Substance Abuse and Educa- quires schools have a policy in place, notify tion & Prevention. They see clients with staff and students of the policy, and that a wide range of problems including those the State Superintendent of Public Instruc- who have experienced trauma and abuse, tion must establish policies, training and and also many people with such challenges resources.76 The academic consequences of as: family communication, parenting skills, bullying are severe, as are the mental and peer and social problems, or needing skills physical well-being of targeted students to cope with anxiety, depression and anger. and bystanders. School-wide anti-bullying Staff note that they have experienced a projects, involving parents and non-teach- higher than usual demand for counseling ing staff along with teachers and student services over the past year when compar- leaders have been shown to reduce harass- ing their numbers of new referrals to the ment by as much as fifty percent.77 31% of agency from the past several years. In ad- sixth graders in Washington state reported dition, they have seen an overall trend of in the 2014 HYS that they’d been bullied in a growing number of clients being served the past 30 days. By twelfth grade, this rate in counseling programs both at school had dropped to 16%. In Bellevue, 25% of and agency sites as compared to previous sixth graders reported being bullied, com- years. Common issues youth are presenting pared to 30% in 2012; almost 16% of twelfth

187 2015-2016 Needs Update Bellevue, Washington graders reported being bullied compared to Refugee and Immigrant Youth 17% in 2012.78 • Disparities in student academic achieve- • Friends of Youth, which provides men- ment, called the “achievement gap”, mean tal and substance abuse intervention and that students of color and students in prevention for youth, reports an increase poverty have fewer opportunities to ac- in heroin use, anxiety and stress related cess academic programs and supports, and symptoms for youth. While they have therefore have less success in school. For been getting fewer referrals for substance example, fourth grade reading test scores abuse in outpatient treatment, they are in Washington clearly show that Asian seeing youth in the schools. Staff observe and White students consistently do better that stigma for substance use treatment is than Black, American Indian, and Hispanic still very prevalent in the affluent areas in students. To address this issue, in 2008, the East King County. Mental health referrals Washington State Achievement Gap Over- have continued to stay high over the past 2 sight and Accountability Committee was years.79 created, developing recommendations and • Staff from Asian Counseling and Referral providing training and community educa- Service are seeing more acutely mentally ill tion. The 2013 recommendations included youth, many who have attempted suicide, decreasing the disproportionate number just discharged from inpatient hospitaliza- of students of color in disciplinary actions, tion and in need of a higher intensity level enhance school cultural competence, en- of mental health services. They also are hance English Language Learner programs, experiencing more requests for services, yet and invest in recruitment and retention of there is a lack of bilingual/bicultural profes- educators of color.83 sionals who are willing to work with the • The Bellevue School District has two par- current level of salary. The current level of ent groups that help to address the grow- funding will not sustain on-going increases ing diverse student population. Since 2004, of salary scale.80 the Bellevue School District has sponsored • Almost two-thirds of youth depression goes the Parent Action and Advisory Council undetected and untreated, public aware- (PAAC) serving to support English lan- ness and youth education is critical. Wash- guage learners, culturally and racially ington’s Youth Suicide Prevention Program diverse families. PAAC promotes the high- (YSPP) works to increase public awareness est levels of academic achievement for all of depression and suicide, provides public students with a special focus on English awareness, training to teachers, parents and Language Learners, students of culturally students and promotes community-based and racially diverse backgrounds and other suicide prevention plans.81 The Crisis Clin- groups of students who need advocacy. ic’s Teen Link provides a youth-answered Impulso Escolar Latino de Bellevue was help line open evenings to respond to calls created in 2005 to support Spanish speak- from youth on a wide variety of topics. ing families and students to navigate and Teen Link is a teen peer-to-peer support access Bellevue’s education system. This line that offers support through anonymous group of Latino parents which has repre- and confidential telephone call and on-line sentatives from many district schools works chat. Teen Link handled 2,271 calls in 2014. with the school district to develop and offer Teen Link also offers suicide prevention programs that support Spanish-speaking training in junior, middle and high schools, parents in understanding the school sys- and youth serving organizations. In 2014, tem; the group also advises school and Teen Link provided 370 suicide prevention district leaders on strategies for increasing presentations that reached 9,441 teens.82 family involvement and help eliminate the achievement gap for Latino students.84 • Youth Eastside Services provides a number of programs for Latino youth and families.

188 2015-2016 Needs Update Bellevue, Washington Safe Youth is a program to help Latino tify themselves as lesbian, gay, bisexual or youth avoid violence, gangs and involve- transgender or who may be questioning ment with the criminal justice system their sexuality. Co-facilitated by trained through culturally sensitive mentoring professionals, B-GLAD is a safe environ- and using violence prevention strategies. ment for youth to meet their peers, share Latino H.E.A.T. is a student leadership, common concerns, ask questions, and re- community service and cultural empower- ceive information and support in a profes- ment group that meets at Sammamish High sional setting that encourages responsible School. Members take action and address decision-making. They see an average of 20 problems in the community. Mamas Uni- youth per week coming from the Eastside das offers workshops, support, community region, as well as outlying areas. Interlake, information, resource sharing and involve- Sammamish, Bellevue and Newport High ment to empower Latino mothers to be Schools all schedule one-day of LGBTQ leaders and mentors in the community.85 youth panels in health class as a way to deepen the understanding and respect of LGBTQ students in the Bellevue School Youth in the Foster Care System District.88 • The latest Washington Court report indi- cates that there are 9,326 children living in foster care and out-of-home placement in “LGBTQ youth are almost invisible”. Washington.86 According to the National Community Conversation, BGLAD Support Alliance to End Homelessness, youth in Group at Youth Eastside Services foster care are 17 times more likely than the • Participants in the BGLAD group for LG- general public to experience homelessness. BTQ youth and young adults commented The Washington State Institute for Public on a number of issues that they encoun- Policy completed several studies over the ter in school, in the community and in past ten years related to education out- the work place. Issues include perceived comes of youth in foster care. These studies discrimination in hiring, lack of training of found gaps in graduation rates, dropout teachers , school nurses and counselors on levels, and assessment scores between working with LGBTQ students, more effec- foster youth and other students in Wash- tive and inclusive opportunities to dialogue ington. As a result, the State developed between straight and LGBTQ youth such four measures, such as school retention as in panel presentations, and stereotypes and graduation rate, that are being tracked about the LGBTQ community that are per- for youth in foster care. For example, the petuated by lack of accurate information.89 graduation rate for youth in foster care was 48% compared to 72% statewide for non- foster students. For these and other risk Emergency Shelter, Transitional factors such as substance abuse, it is impor- and Long-Term Permanent tant to have supportive services early on for children and youth in foster care, includ- Housing Options for Homeless ing counseling, mentoring and housing for Youth those youth 18-24 years old who have aged • In 2014-2015, Bellevue School District re- out of the foster care system.87 ported 224 homeless students according to the State of Washington Office of Superin- tendent of Public Instruction.90 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, • Friends of Youth (FOY) provides a shelter Transgender and Questioning for young adults ages 18-24 years old in (LGBTQ) Youth Redmond seven days a week. FOY staff • B-GLAD, sponsored by Youth Eastside provides case management and work to en- Services (YES), has a drop-in support group gage participants in services such as hous- open to kids ages 13 to 19 who may iden- ing, employment, education and mental

189 2015-2016 Needs Update Bellevue, Washington health. FOY staff report that they are seeing and sex trafficking, is a modern day form of a big increase in youth with co-occurring slavery. Approximately 600,000 to 800,000 disorders (e.g. mental health and substance victims annually are trafficked across inter- abuse). There is also an uptick in hero- national borders and include women, men ine usage which is consistent with trends and children. Some victims are native born reported throughout King County. There U.S. citizens, as well. Children and youth has been a consistent high demand for ser- under the age of eighteen can be part of vices.91 (Note: For more information about this forced sex trafficking which subjects them topic, see Goal 1 in this report.) to physical and psychological abuse, such • The Homeless Youth and Young Adult Ini- as severe beatings, rape, drug addiction and tiative is King County’s community-wide other forms of violence.95 In Washington response to prevent and end homeless- State, which is one of the top human traf- ness among young people. The Initiative ficking destinations in the U.S. due to the is led by the King County Committee to easily accessed public ports and proximity End Homelessness, advised by agency and to Asia, the Washington Anti-Trafficking government leaders, supported by private Response Network (WARN) provides a 24- philanthropy and the public sector, and hour urgent response hotline, access to safe grounded in the voices and input of home- housing and immigration advocacy and less and formerly homeless young people.92 legal assistance.96 • In May 2015, King County did an update • The Bellevue Police Department is rep- to the 2013 Comprehensive Plan to Prevent resented on the FBI sponsored Children’ and End Youth and Young Adult Homeless- Exploitation Task Force (CETF) with two ness in King County by 2020. This YYA full-time VICE Detectives and their Super- Comprehensive Plan Refresh was endorsed visor. CETF is tasked with locating and by the YYA Advisory Group and Youth recovering juvenile victims of commercial Advocates Ending Homelessness. It out- sex exploitation. This task involves net- lines strategies in the areas of (1) making working with Federal, State, and local law homelessness rare and brief, (2) making enforcement agencies in an effort to provide homelessness one-time, (3) supporting YYA comprehensive intervention to the victims of color, (4) supporting LGBTQ YYA and (5) they locate and recover. The involvement of improving access to housing and matching non-governmental organizations is vital to housing with YYA needs. The Comprehen- this process in providing tools and services sive Plan Refresh outlines priority activities, that there is no funding for. These may system activities, and measures of success include but is not limited to: hotel vouchers for the next 2 years.93 for short-term stays, clothing items such as sandals, sweatshirts and pants, undergar- ments and small duffle bags; travel sized- Youth Violence toiletries; gift cards for items such as gas, • Asian Counseling and Referral Service food and the telephones and/ or minutes to (ACRS) provide a youth prevention and load their phones.97 early intervention program, as well as a skills group for young women. The Teen Peer Advocate Program (TPAP) trains Community Perceptions and recruits girls from Interlake and Sam- • 15% of phone/online survey respondents mamish High Schools to educate their in 2015 ranked “teens dropping of school” peers and the broader community on teen as a major/moderate community problem, dating violence, sexual assault prevention similar to the ranking in 2013. and community resources. This program • Slightly more people (20%) in the 2015 addresses the need for a culturally relevant phone/online survey ranked “lack of servic- program for Asian Pacific American young es for children and youth/teens” as a major/ women but all races are welcome to join.94 moderate community problem compared to • Human Trafficking, which includes labor 17% in 2013.

190 2015-2016 Needs Update Bellevue, Washington • Only 10% of respondents to the phone/ • Teen unemployment was mentioned by online survey in 2015 ranked poor quality several groups as a barrier for students education, K-12 a major or moderate com- who need the money to help their families munity problem compared to 13% in 2013. make ends meet, and also learn valuable • Effects of gang violence dropped from 16% job skills. In Bellevue, as a part of Youth as a major/moderate community problem Link, a partnership between the City and in the 2013 phone/online survey compared the Bellevue School District, Youth Link to 9% in 2015, a significant difference. University was created as a 6 month skill • In several community conversations, the development and leadership training for need for youth leadership development teens 13-17 years old. The trainings focus was expressed, for all youth, but in particu- on assisting students develop essential civic lar those from diverse communities. For and/or business leadership. Students work example, the India Association of Western in teams and are mentored by business Washington sponsors a youth mentorship leaders in the community. program; the youth board is mentored by young adults who are Indian. Each summer “Some students have parents who have there is a camp that offers workshops on lost their jobs and the students must take cultural awareness and engaging in proj- jobs to help out. Then you see a decline in ects that support the greater community. these students’ abililty to participate in school The Muslim Community Resource Center activities because they have to work.” involves their youth in projects related to Community Conversation, Youth Link Board, hunger and homelessness. Student Member • Staff from Bellevue College commented that they see undocumented and older fos- • About 16% of respondents to the 2015 ter youth who have aged out of the system consumer survey rated “not having com- who are students have challenges with ob- munity or individual support in your role taining basic needs, which in turn presents as a parent/caregiver of children”, slightly barriers to education. higher than in 2013. • A theme at some of the community con- versations with youth and adults were lack of activities for teens, and affordable after Implications for Action • Access to supports for school-aged chil- school programs for children. dren and youth to ensure their health and • The Bellevue School District convened with well-being is critical to ensure that they the help of community partners over 20 are prepared for success in whatever they Community Café meetings in 2015. Themes do in life. Though the unemployment rate for these meetings were dependent upon is down, many families still struggle to the groups that met. The groups included provide the basics for their children. Lack parents and youth from diverse communi- of resources can put children and youth at ties including Asian Pacific Islanders and risk for poor outcomes, and eventually take Latinos. Community partners included an economic toll on the community. Efforts Jubilee REACH, Crossroads Community such as Eastside Pathways provide an im- Center and many of the middle and high portant framework by which to “mobilize schools in the District. the community to support every child, step • Youth Link board members were most con- by step, from cradle to career”.98 cerned about student depression, increased • With the growing diversity in Bellevue, drug and alcohol usage, hunger, and pres- there is a need for more culturally sensitive sure to be “high performing”. Members programs and activities for school-aged also mentioned some potential ways to children and youth and their families who help: more peer mediation, group support may be coping with adjusting to a new help students who are stressed, and more country and culture or to gender-based dif- support from the community.

191 2015-2016 Needs Update Bellevue, Washington ferences. Involving the families is needed 9. D. Duitch. Bellevue School District. Person- to ensure school success. al Communication, (July 26, 2015). • As families experience the lingering effects 10. L. Miller. Bellevue College. Personal Com- of the economic downturn, many children munication, (July 28, 2015). are still internalizing this stress, exhibiting 11. D. Duitch. Bellevue School District. Person- problems in school, increased substance al Communication, (2015). abuse, anxiety, suicide ideation and de- 12. Fight Crime: Invest in Kids. Keeping Kids pression, as evidenced by comments from in School-Dropout Prevention & School Dis- school staff, parents and mental health cipline (2014). Retrieved from: http://www. professionals. Evidence based and promis- fightcrime.org/california/policy/keeping- ing prevention oriented services, including kids-in-school-dropout-prevention-school- those that promote health, such as recre- discipline/ ation activities and mentoring, are needed 13. Office of the Superintendent of Instruction. to help avoid more serious problems later. (2014). Graduation and Drop-out rates. Re- • There is a gap in the “safety net” for home- trieved from: http://www.k12.wa.us/Data- less youth and young adults, up to age 24. Admin/default.aspx More housing with services and outreach 14. Office of the Superintendent of Instruction. to this at-risk population is needed to help (2014). Graduation and Drop-out rates. Re- them move on to productive lives. Some trieved from: http://www.k12.wa.us/Data- have “aged out” of the foster care system; Admin/default.aspx others are employed or going to school, but 15. American Fact Finder. (2013). 2013 American lack family or community support. Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. 16. Bellevue School District. Personal Commu- Endnotes nication, (2015). 1. King County. (2015). Youth Action Plan. Re- 17. Bellevue School District. Personal Commu- trieved from: http://www.kingcounty.gov/ nication, (2015). council/issues/YouthActionPlan.aspx 18. Bellevue School District. Personal Commu- 2. UNICEF. (2013). Measuring Child Poverty. nication, (2015). Retrieved from: 19. Bellevue School District. Personal Commu- http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/ nication, (2015). rc11_eng.pdf 20. Issaquah School District. (2014). Scorecard. 3. H. Stephens. City of Bellevue. Personal Retrieved from: http://www.issaquah. Communication, (July 24, 2015). wednet.edu/docs/default-source/district/ 4. Newsweek magazine. (2014). America’s Best academics/isd-academics-scorecard. High Schools. Retrieved from: pdf?sfvrsn=6 http://www.newsweek.com/high-schools/ 21. M. Maroldo. Issaquah School District. Per- americas-top-schools-2014 sonal Communication, (August, 2015). 5. U.S. News & World Report. (2015). Educa- 22. The Anne E. Casey Foundation. Kids Count tion. Retrieved from: 2015 Report. (2015). Retrieved from: http://www.usnews.com/education/best- http://www.aecf.org/m/resourcedoc/aecf- high-schools/washington?int=9abb08 2015kidscountdatabook-2015.pdf 6. Rousseau, G (n.d.). American Community 23. The Anne E. Casey Foundation. (2015). Survey, 2013. Personal Communication, 24. State of the Union, Stanford University. (2015). Retrieved from: (2014). The Poverty and Inequality Report http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/ta- 2014. Retrieved from: bleservices/jsf/pages/productview. http://web.stanford.edu/group/scspi/sotu/ xhtml?src=bkmk SOTU_2014_CPI.pdf 7. Bellevue School District. (2015). 2014-2015 25. United States of Agriculture, Economic Re- Demographics. search. (2015). Poverty WA State 2013 Report. 8. M. Maraldo. Issaquah School Board. Per- Retrieved from: sonal Communication, (August 17, 2015). http://ers.usda.gov/data-products/county- level-data-sets/poverty.aspx

192 2015-2016 Needs Update Bellevue, Washington 26. Communities Count. Poverty Across King http://search.kingcounty.gov/search?utf8=% County. (2013). Retrieved from: E2%9C%93&affiliate=kingcounty&query=A http://www.communitiescount.org/index. dolescents+Births%2C+2008-2012 php?page=children-all 40. Washington State Department of Health. 27. American Community Survey 1-Year Esti- (2013). STI Fast Facts: Washington State 2013. mates. (2013). Retreived from: Retrieved from: http://www.doh.wa.gov/ http://www.census.gov/searchresults.html? Portals/1/Documents/Pubs/347-350-Fast- page=1&stateGeo=none&searchtype=web& Facts2013.pdf q=bellevue+city%2C+wa+ 41. Washington State Department of Health. 28. G. Rousseau. City of Bellevue. Personal (2013). STI Fast Facts: Washington State 2013. Communication, (August, 2015). Retrieved from: 29. Bellevue School District. (2014). Scorecard. http://www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Docu- Retrieved from: ments/Pubs/347-350-FastFacts2013.pdf http://reportcard.ospi.k12.wa.us/summary. 42. Public Health – Seattle & King County. aspx?groupLevel=District&schoolId=108 (2015). Communities Count: Social and health &reportLevel=District&year=2013-14&y indicators across King County. Retrieved from rs=2013-14 Communities Count: http://www.commu- 30. Bellevue School District. Personal Commu- nitiescount.org/index.php?page=trends nication, (2015). 43. Washington State Healthy Youth Survey. 31. M. Maraldo. Issaquah School District. Per- 2014 Healthy Youth Survey Fact Sheet. (2015). sonal Communication, (2015). Retrieved from: http://www.askhys.net/ 32. Office of the Superintendent of Public In- FactSheets struction. Homeless Youth and Children Report 44. Washington State Healthy Youth Survey. 2014. Retrieved from: 2014 Healthy Youth Survey Fact Sheet. (2015). http://www.k12.wa.us/HomelessEd/ Retrieved from: 33. Sound Mental Health. (2014). City of Bel- http://www.askhys.net/FactSheets levue. Fourth Quarter Report: Success and 45. Washington State Healthy Youth Survey. Challenges. 2014 Healthy Youth Survey Fact Sheet. (2015). 34. Washington State Department of Health. Retrieved from: Pregnancy Tables 2013. Retrieved from: http://www.askhys.net/FactSheets http://www.doh.wa.gov/DataandStatistical- 46. Washington State Healthy Youth Survey. Reports/VitalStatisticsandPopulationData/ 2014 Healthy Youth Survey Fact Sheet. (2015). AbortionPregnancy/AbortionPregnancy- Retrieved from: TablesbyTopic http://www.askhys.net/FactSheets 35. National Center for Health Statistics. (2013). 47. Bellevue School District. Personal Commu- Births: Final Data for 2013. Retrieved from: nication, (June 10, 2015). http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/ 48. D. Downing. Youth Eastside Services. Per- nvsr64_01.pdf sonal Communication, (2015). 36. University of Washington, Teen Health and 49. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Media. (2013). Teen Sexuality: Family Youth Suicide Prevention. (2015). Retrieved Planning. Retrieved from: http://depts.wash- from: ington.edu/thmedia/view.cgi?section=famil http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/ yplanning&page=fastfacts pub/youth_suicide.html 37. King County. (2012). Adolescents Births, 50. The New York Times. Suicide and Suicidal 2008-2012. Retrieved from: Behavior. (August 15, 2015). Retrieved from: http://search.kingcounty.gov/search?utf8=% http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/ E2%9C%93&affiliate=kingcounty&query=A disease/suicide-and-suicidal-behavior/over- dolescents+Births%2C+2008-2012 view.html 38. G. Rousseau. City of Bellevue. Personal 51. Washington State Department of Health. Communication, (August 18,2015). (2014). Youth suicide prevention [Fact sheet]. 39. King County. (2012). Adolescents Births, Retrieved from: http://www.doh.wa.gov/ 2008-2012. Retrieved from:

193 2015-2016 Needs Update Bellevue, Washington YouandYourFamily/InjuryandViolencePre- 64. Bellevue School District. Personal Commu- vention/YouthSuicidePrevention nication, (2015). 52. Washington State Department of Health. 65. Washington State Healthy Youth Survey. (2014). Youth suicide prevention. 2014 Healthy Youth Survey Fact Sheet. (2015). 53. Youth Suicide Prevention Program. (n.d.) Retrieved from: http://www.askhys.net/ Youth Suicide Prevention Program. (2015) FactSheets Retrieved from: 66. C. Hanaumi. Bellevue Police Department. http://www.doh.wa.gov/YouandYourFam- Personal Communication, (August, 2015). ily/InjuryandViolencePrevention/YouthSui- 67. M. Zemlin. Bellevue School District. Pro- cidePrevention/StatePlan vider Survey. (April 27,2015). 54. Washington State Healthy Youth Survey. 68. City of Bellevue. Wrap Around Services. 2014 Healthy Youth Survey Fact Sheet. (2015). (August, 2015). Program Information. Retrieved from: 69. Youth Eastside Services. (2015). Services. http://www.askhys.net/FactSheets Retrieved from: http://www.youtheastside- 55. D.Aznoff. Attempted Suicides by Eastside services.org/services/ Teens Jump. (2015). 70. Bellevue Boys & Girls Club. (2015). Pro- 56. Washington State Department of Social and grams. Retrieved from: Health Services. (2015). 2012 Annual Report http://www.bgcbellevue.org/register.html Executive Summary. Retrieved from: https:// 71. H. Stephens. City of Bellevue. Personal www.dshs.wa.gov/sites/default/files/JJRA/ Communication, (August 17, 2015). pcjj/documents/annual-report2013/Execu- 72. Jubilee REACH (2015). Programs. Retrieved tiveSummary.pdf from: http://www.jubileereach.org/learn/ 57. Washington State Department of Social and reaching_youth/tutoring Health Services. (2015). 2012 Annual Report 73. Eastside Pathways. 2013-2014 Community Executive Summary. Retrieved from: https:// Scorecard. (2015). www.dshs.wa.gov/sites/default/files/JJRA/ 74. Bellevue School District. (2015). Retrieved pcjj/documents/annual-report2013/Minori- from: tyYouthAndGirls.pdf http://www.bsd405.org/departments/eq- 58. Washington State Department of Social and uity/ Health Services. (2012). Retrieved from: 75 D. Halela. Youth Eastside Services. Personal https://www.dshs.wa.gov/sites/default/ Communication, (August 19, 2015). files/JJRA/jr/documents/Reports/Service%20 76. Public Health-Seattle & King County. Needs.pdf (2002, August). “Bullying and Bias-Based 59. King County Sheriff. (2015). 2013 County- Harassment in King County Schools”. wide Annual Report. Retrieved from: 77. Safe Schools Coalition. (2013). Bullying, http://www.kingcounty.gov/safety/sheriff/ harassment, school-based violence. Retrieved About.aspx from: 60. L. Zirkle. (Bellevue Police Department). http://www.safeschoolscoalition.org/RG- Personal Communication, (August 17, 78. Washington State Department of Health. 2015). (2015). 2014 Healthy Youth Survey Fact Sheet. 61. King County Sheriff. (2015). 2013 County- Retrieved from: wide Annual Report. Retrieved from: http:// http://www.askhys.net/ www.kingcounty.gov/safety/sheriff/About. 79. M. MacCoy. (Friends of Youth).Provider aspx Survey, (May 8, 2015). 62. L. Zirkle. (Bellevue Police Department). 80. J. Yamazaki. (Asian Counseling and Refer- Personal Communication, (August 17, ral Service). Provider Survey, (2015). 2015). 81. Youth Suicide Prevention Program. Re- 63. Washington State Healthy Youth Survey. trieved from: 2014 Healthy Youth Survey Fact Sheet. (2015). http://www.yspp.org Retrieved from: 82. M. Reading. Crisis Clinic. Personal Com- http://www.askhys.net/ munication, (August 10, 2015).

194 2015-2016 Needs Update Bellevue, Washington 83. Educational Opportunity Gap Oversight Programs/Homeless/HomelessYouthandY- and Accountability Committee. (2013). An- oungAdults.aspx nual Report. Retrieved from: http://www. 94. Asian Counseling and Referral Service. k12.wa.us/AchievementGap/pubdocs/EO- (2015). Teen Peer Advocate Program. Re- GOAC_Final_Report2013.pdf trieved from: http://www.acrs.org/services/ 84. Bellevue School District. (2013). Parent Ac- tpap.php tion and Advisory Council. Retrieved from: 95. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2012). http://www.bsd405.org/get-involved/par- Crime Statistics. Retrieved from: http:// ents/ www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats 85. Youth Eastside Services. (2015). Latino Pro- 96. Washington Anti-Trafficking Response grams. Retrieved from: Network. (2012). Human trafficking is slavery. http://www.youtheastsideservices.org/ser- Retrieved from: http://warn-trafficking.org/ vices/index.php?page=Latino+Programs&se 97. M. Johnson. Bellevue Police. Personal Com- ction=Services&page_id=22 munication, (2015). 86. Washington Courts. (2015). Washington State 98. Eastside Pathways. (2015). Community and National Facts 2013. Retrieved from: Scorecard 2013-2014. http://www.courts.wa.gov/newsinfo/ adoptionDay/?fa=adoptionDay.facts# 87. Washington State Institute for Public Policy (June, 2013). Educational Outcomes of Fos- ter Youth-Updated Benchmarks. Retrieved from: http://www.wsipp.wa.gov/Report- File/1341/Wsipp_Educational-Outcomes-of- Foster-Youth-Updated-Benchmarks_Full- Report.pdf 88. Youth Eastside Services. (2015). Support for LGBTQ Youth. Retrieved from: http://www. youtheastsideservices.org/services/index.ph p?page=BGLAD%2FLGBTQ§ion=Servi ces&page_id=18 89. S. McMonagle. Youth Eastside Services. BGLAD Meeting/Personal Communication, (May 13, 2015). 90. State of Washington. Office of Superin- tendent of Public Instruction. 2013-2014 Homeless Children and Youth Data Report. Retrieved from: http://www.k12.wa.us/ HomelessEd/pubdocs/2013-14Homeless- ChildrenandYouthDataReport.pdf 91. D. Wenthof. (Friends of Youth). Personal Communication, (August 17,2015). 92. Housing & Community Development Pro- gram. (2013) Welcome to the Homeless Youth & Young Adult Initiative. Retrieved from: http://www.kingcounty.gov/socialser- vices/Housing/ServicesAndPrograms/ Programs/Homeless/HomelessYouthandY- oungAdults.aspx 93. King County. (2015). Department of Com- munity and Human Services. Retrieved from: http://www.kingcounty.gov/socialser- vices/Housing/ServicesAndPrograms/

195 2015-2016 Needs Update Bellevue, Washington