December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41501 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS PUBLIC WORKS COMMITTEE AC­ lytle system down to about $150 per car, will gine efficiency to curb pollution. With the TION ON AUTO EMISSION CON­ warrant the system for 50,000 mi., and catalyst system, the auto makers can tune claims that fuel savings Will offset the $150 their engines to optimlze efficiency (and TROLS REPORTED, DISCUSSED IN price tag. In fact, GM planned to put hence gas mileage) and let the catalytic con­ BUSINESS WEEK MAGAZINE catalysts on some of its 1975 cars even if verters clean up the emissions. General Mo­ Congress had frozen the standards. tors says it expects a 13% boost in fuel mile­ Secondly, the committee felt that the age. So confident is GM that it may equip HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH catalysts would save fuel. UntU now, auto some of its 1975 cars With the catalysts even OF WEST VmGINIA makers have sacrificed engine efficiency, and if Congress freezes the standards at 1974 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES hence fuel mileage, to curb pollution. With levels. the catalysts, however, they can tune their It is true that the catalysts need unleaded Thursday, December 13, 1973 engines for optimum efficiency and let the gasoline, which could require up to 4% or 5% Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, on No­ catalysts clean up emissions. As a result, more crude oU to refine than leaded gas. But vember 28, the Committee on Public GM says it expects a 13% boost in fuel roUe­ the 13% gasoline saving GM expects could Works ordered reported legislation modi­ age. Ford also testified that fuel mileage Will mean a crude saving of about 6¥2%. In short, increase With catalysts, but less than GM catalysts could save fuel. fying the emission control requirements says it would. It would be an ironic mistake to stop the for automobiles under the Clean Air Act The committee was concerned that, be­ progress on the threshold of success. Rather, of 1970. This measure, presented to the cause the catalysts require unleaded gasoline, the industry should couple its hard-won and committee by the Senator from New as much as 4 % or 5 % more crude might costly gains With a new drive to produce Mexico (Mr. DoMENICI), was Teported to be needed to refine the unleaded fuel. But smaller cars. Their overweight gas-guzzlers the Senate on December 4 as S. 2772. the 13 % gasoline saving that GM expects have contributed far more to the energy cri­ This action eliminated an extensive means a crude savings of about 6¥2%. After sis than any pollution control system has. series of inquiries and thorough discus­ weighing evidence from the oil companies (some say there Will be hardly any crude sion of the issues by the committee. penalty to produce unleaded fuel), the com­ This action was re8Jistic considering mittee decided, in Domenici's words, "that DISORDER IN THE COURTS the status of our knowledge about the ef­ there is indeed an energy saving in going to fects of automobile pollution and the catalysts." available technology for its control. The NOX RULE HON. LAMAR BAKER question of emission controls has at­ Meanwhile, the auto makers will probably OF TENNESSEE win a reprieve on the third major pollutant, tracted widespread attention through­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES out our country and has been widely dis­ nitrogen oxide. The Environmental Protec­ cussed in the media. tion Agency, conceding that a measuring Thursday, December 13, 1973 error overstated the concentration of NOX, Mr. President, the December 1 issue of recommended to the committee this week Mr. BAKER. Mr. Speaker, since I am Business Week magazine contained a that it set the 1977 NOX standard at 2.0 not a member of the legal profession, I thorough report of the committee's ac­ grams per mile instead of the 0.4 grams per am hesitant to criticize those who earn tion and an editorial discussing the auto­ mile now required. If approved by the com­ their livelihood by practicing law. But mobile pollution control effort. mittee and then by Congress, the more leni­ even lawyers recognize that there are Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ ent standard means that Detroit Will not degrees of competence in the profession sent that the Business Week article and need a second catalytic system to curb NOX. just as in any other field of endeavor and editorial be printed in the REcoRD. In all, the week's events represent an al­ most complete victory for GM, which has the true course of justice is often ham­ There being no objection, the mate­ poured thousands of people and hundreds of pered by those who have less competence rial was ordered to be printed in the millions of dollars into catalysts. Says Presi­ than others. RECORD, as follows: dent Edward N. Cole: "General Motors be­ That is why it was important for Chief THE Non GOES TO GM's CATALYTIC CONVERTER lieves the committee's action is in the public Justice Warren Burger to speak out as For months, the auto industry has been interest, both from the standpoint of improv­ he did recently on trial lawyers and their split over the effectiveness of catalytic con­ ing the nation's air quality and also for role in achieving a more· responsive ju­ verters to control exhaust emissions. obtaining max.imum value from America's energy resources." dicial process. An editorial in the Decem­ Chrysler has argued loud and long against & the devices, General Motors has come out For Chrysler, the compromise was a bitter ber 10 issue of U.S. News World Report strongly for them, and Ford has been some­ disappointment. It had argued strongly that under the title of "Disorder in the where in between. At midweek, the Senate catalysts would raise costs, would not help Courts" comments on what Justice Bur­ Public Works Committee refused to change fuel economy, and would not affect pollution. ger had to say and how it applies to the the 1975 standards-in effect, endorsing Is what's good for GM good for the coun­ American public in eliminating the waste catalysts and GM's position. try? Not according to Senator Muskie, who of "time, money, and talent" in court­ There 1s no longer much doubt: All 1975 called the committee's action a "retreat." room procedures. cars sold in California, plus most sold else­ But the committee's chairman, Senator Jen­ Under leave to extend my remarks, I where, wlll carry the catalysts. GM 1s expect­ nings Randolph (D-W. Va.), said: "I do ed to equip nearly all its cars With the de­ not believe it's a retreat because the statutory feel my colleagues should heed the Chief vices, Ford as many as 65%. Chrysler Will use standards stlll have to be met by 1977. It's Justice's words and the editorial com­ catalysts, but on how many cars is uncer­ only a little stretching out." ments of U.S. News & World Report, so tain. I place the editorial in the Appendix of The committee also agreed to freeze the THIUFT NEED NOT BE DIRTY the RECORD at this point: 1975 standards for one year, giving the auto As a result of the auto industry's efforts makers more time to meet the stlll-tougher to curb exhaust emissions, fuel mlleage has InSORDER E& THE COURTS standards for carbon monoxide and hydro­ slowly decUned 7% to 10% since 1967. Now (By Howard Flleger) carbons originally mandated by the 1970 that the energy crisis has erupted, some peo­ The other day the Chief Justice of the Clean Air Act. ple have suggested that emission controls be United States, Warren E. Burger, put Into The decision to go to catalysts next year dropped altogether. Others have been trying blunt words some things that have been was engineered by Senator Pete V. Domenici to persuade Congress to delay the even worrying a lot of people for a long time. (R-N.M.). Fighting much sentiment to tougher 1971 standards. On the basis of two decades of law prac­ freeze the standards at the current level, as Either move would be a mistake--as the tice and 18 years as a jurist who has studied Ford and Chrysler had requested, Domenici Senate Public Works Committee recognized thousands of cases, Mr. Burger has conclud­ drafted a proposal, which passed 11 to 3. this week. Cars are stm the major source of ed: Senator Edmund S. Muskie (D-Me.), au­ pollution in many cities. To decontrol cars At least a third, maybe half, of the trial thor of the Clean Alr Act, dissented. would erase four years of progress, and to lawyers in this country are incompetent. To postpone the 1975 standards would stall the put it another way-they simply don't know. THE ARGUMENT program just short of a major achievement. what they're doing. Two main factors persuaded the commit­ Moreover, the catalytic emission control Many don't know how to frame a proper tee to go to catalysts. First, GM said it had system now planned for many 1975 models question to put to a Witness. made substantial progress with the devices. may actually boost fuel mileage. The reason: All too often, they're not clear on the rudi­ It has engineered tihe price of the 1975 cata- Until now, auto makers have sacrl:fl.ced en- ments of the rules of evidence. 41502 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 13, 1973 Those among them who learn courtroom which came to the State of Georgia and paper industry was building new newsprint practice-if they learn at all-do so by tr1al­ the South through the development of mllls in Canada. and-error. Anybody who holds a law license "Why not move South and use the South­ can be a trial lawyer. But becoming skilled the pulpwood industry and the attrac­ tion of new industry. ern pine?" Dr. Berty preached. at it often is a matter of on-the-job train­ Paper engineers ridiculed him, contending ing, to the detriment of all concerned. This outstanding chemist, business the high resin content of the Southern Said the Chief Justice: "We are more and civic leader, and humanitarian was pine would foul the clothing of the paper casual about qualifying the people we allow first to prove that southern pines could machines. to act as advocates in the courtroom than be utilized for the production of a strong Dr. Herty went back to the laboratory, and we are about licensing electricians." and high-quality newsprint paper. Thus with an assist from Hercules Powder Co., Mr. Burger was talking about incompe­ proved that the resin content of second tence through inexperience. But what he was born the giant pulpwood industry, to growth pine was less than Northern spruce said can be applic-1 in equal measure to the which grew become a vital part of the and hemlock. "antic trials" that have for years made a economy of Georgia and the South. The He obtained a $50,000 grant from the mockery of Am.ericsn courtrooms. paper industry is the fifth largest in the Chemical Foundation, headed by his friend, The current best seller, "The Onion Field" Nation. The South produces more than 60 Dr. Francis Garvin, and set up shop in Sa­ by Joseph Wambaugh, details a case in point. percent of all paper and pulp in the vannah, which he found to be the most Two men kidnapped a couple of Los An­ United States, and Georgia leads all other progressive city in the state at the time. geles policemen and took them to an onion States in this production. The Savannah Port Authority and the Savan­ field, where one of the officers was shot to nah Electric & Power Co. assisted him with death. That was in 1963-apparently an un­ A major share of the credit for the Herty, a staff, power and laboratory on the banks complicated, open-and-shut case of murder. success of this industry goes to Dr. of the Savannah River at the foot of West Instead, it become a courtroom epic that who died in 1938, and whose birthday was Broad Street. lasted sev~n bewildering years. It went celebrated by the city of Savannah on His laboratory included a pilot paper ma­ through trials, mistrials, reversals, retrials. December4. chine which could run tests paralleling the A dozen or so judges were subjected to Mr. President, Savannah and the en­ results on the giant paper machines. Inci­ months and years of courtroom bickering. dentally, that same pilot machine is in use One had heart failure. A juror developed tire State of Georgia is greatly indebted to the work of Dr. Herty, and I ask today at the Herty Laboratory on Brampton what was cliagnosed as a mental ailment. A Road where some 30 scientists continue re­ prosecutor quit in frustration. Once a de­ unanimous consent that Savannah search and study for the paper industry as fendant went on a hunger strike-apparently Mayor Pro Tempore Frank P. Rossiter's a living memorial to the man we honor because his aunt had diabetes, not because remarks on this occasion be printed in this day. of the case. the RECORD, along with the proclamation As a cub reporter, I covered Dr. Herty's There were motions to change venue, to of the city of Savannah declaring work at the laboratory on River Street, and dismiss the jury, to postpone, to discharge December 4 in Dr. Herty's honor. got to know the enthusiasm and drive of counsel and judges--one hassle after another. There being no objection, the material this tall, kind, affable man who combined The crime faded into obscurity. Incoming the talents of a great scientist and promoter was ordered be printed in the RECORD, judges had to try to pick up the threads from to I shared his thrill when the laboratory turned outgoing judges, the surviving policeman be­ as follows: out this first pulp from pine and shipped it came a shell of his former self. REMARKS OF FRANK P. RoSSITER, MAYOR PRO to a mlll in Thorold, Canada., where it was At one point one of the distraught lawyers TEMPORE OF THE CITY OF SAVANNAH converted to newsprint. The finished paper for the State declared: It is indeed fitting that we should be gath­ was returned to Georgia and put through "Sometimes I get a crazy feeling that it'll ered in a grove of pine trees to honor Dr. test runs on the nine leading newspaper never be over. . . . The American system of Charles Holmes Herty. And it is likewise fit­ presses in the state, including the Savannah justice is the laughingstock of the English­ ting that we should be in the shadow of a Morning News. There were no web breaks. speaking world and totally incomprehensible football field where the University of Georgia The Southern ne~rint performed exceed­ to the rest of the world!" team once played for Dr. Herty was the first ingly well in all aspects. A new day had in­ The record of the case, when it was com­ football coach of the Georgia Bulldogs. deed dawned for the South! pleted, filled 45,000 pages in 159 volumes. Such was the vision of this eminent scien­ When Dr. Herty looked at a pine tree, he This was a trial? It was a record-breaking tist that he saw the immense value of the saw more than a mere tree. He saw a God­ run of a courtroom circus. It would have Southern pine many years before others of given resource for provicling paper, valu­ been hilarious-if it weren't so tragic. his time. He preached the potential of the able chemicals, cellulose for making beauti­ This was not a case Mr. Burger was talking pine from one end of the country to the ful dresses and swim suits, cellulose for pho­ about. He was in general deploring the dock­ other, never missing an opportunity to ap­ tographic film and a multitude of other uses. et-choking stagnation of trials caused by pear on the program at a chemical meeting, Mo11t of all he saw untold thousands of new a large number of courtroom lawyers who, a gathering of paper makers or industry­ jobs. when you come right down to it, simply don't seeking groups. Throughout the years many Savannahlans know their business. Dr. Herty was the catalyst for a tremendous have held the erroneous belief that Dr. The Chief Justice, a student of the need development of the paper industry in the Herty's fame rested on the discovery that to modernize and speed the path of justice, South. Truly, "The spark of his genius and kraft paper, such as is turned out today by urges that lawyers be trained as trial special­ energy touched Georgia's pines, and forests Union Camp, could be made from Southern ists. He favors some form of the British sys­ of smokestacks began growing in the South." pine. Actually, paper had been made some tem under which only 3,000 of the country's Today the paper industry is the 5th largest time earlier from pine with the kraft process. 30,000 attorneys are recognized as barristers, in the nation, and the South produces more Dr. Berty was the first to make newsprint qualified to serve as trial lawyers. than 60 percent of all paper and pulp in the from pine. This may or may not be the way to do it. U.S. with Georgia leading the parade of Dr. Herty never stopped singing the praise Lawyers, themselves, disagree on remedies. states in production. Certainly the magni­ of the Southern pine, citing its rapid growth But it is distressingly clear that something tude of this great industry 1s appreciated by as compared to the slow rate of growth of has to be done. Jurists, jurors, dedicated Savannahians. spruce and hemlock in the colder climes of lawyers-and the American public--simply Dr. Herty was born December 4, 1867, in the North. cannot tolerate the time, money and talent Milledgevllle. He graduated from the Univer­ At the time Dr. Berty was Sl»'eading the wasted in a courtroom comedy of errors. sity of Georgia in 1886, and obtained his fame and the v.a.lue of tbJs great resource, Ph. D. degree from Johns Hopkins Univer­ the pine was being treated rather poorly in sity four years later. Georgia. Cattlemen let their pineywoods He served as professor of Chemistry both stock g:raze over the land of their neighbors at Georgia and the University of North Caro­ under Georgia's antiquated Fence Laws. Fre­ DR. CHARLES HOLMES HERTY, OF lina. His development of the Herty Cup for quently these cattlemen would set a fire in GEORGIA collecting the gum from pine trees was cred­ the woods to burn off the underbrush and ited with saving the important gum naval thus assure a new crop of grass for the cattle stores industry--an industry vital to the in the spring. It mattered not to them that HON. HERMAN E. TALMADGE well-being of Savannah for generations. hundreds of acres of pines were destroyed OF GEORGIA Dr. Herty was rounding out a great career in the process. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES in the chemical field as a consultant With a Now the woodlands of our state are well large New York firm when the depression protected against fire and all Georgians a.p­ Thursday, December 13, 1973 struck the nation in 1929. He returned to hiS preoiate the value of the forests as an im­ Mr. TALMADGE. Mr. President, the native state bent on helping lift Georgia by portant money crop. its bootstraps !rom this dt!flcUlt period. Dr. Herty died 1n Savannah, JUly 28, 1938. city of Savannah set aside December 41n Next to the people of Georgia, Dr. Herty Today as we gather to honor Dr. Berty on honor of a great and industrious quickly realized that the state's greatest asset the 106th anniversary of his bi.rth, the finest Georgian, Dr. Charles Herty, who was was the pine. At the time, there was a short­ tribute we could pay his memory would be principally responsible for the prosperity age o! newsprint in this country and the to warn the burgeoning wood products in- December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41503 dustry to treat our forests with tender loving It is quite disturbing to me that in the ton, Tenn., who has just been presented care-lest the energy crisis we are experienc­ past few weeks, the Federal Government, the "Outstanding Tennessean Award" by ing today might one day be duplicated With based largely on information provided by Governor Winfield Dunn at a ceremony a scarcity of pulpwood and saw timber and oil companies, has approved measures in Nashville on November 27. This award all of the other products so vital to our economy and well being. That would be the which the oil companies themselves have is in special recognization for outstand­ message of Charles Holmes Herty were he been seeking for years but which had ing service to the handicapped. In pre­ here this day. Thank you. been denied to them, because of admitted senting this award to Mr. Siegel, Gover .. dangers to the environment or obvious, nor Dunn praised him for his great ef­ PROCLAMATION: THE CITY OF SAVANNAH unreasonable profit gouging: forts in providing employment oppor­ Whereas, Dr. Charles Holmes Herty was The Alaskan pipeline bill was approved tunities to handicapped Tennesseans a native Georgian, born in Milledgeville, by the Congress and signed by the Presi­ throughout the year. Georgia, December 4, 1867; graduated from dent despite formidable opposition which Receiving awards is nothing new to the University of Georgia 1886; attended lasted a number of years; Sam Siegel. Last year he received an out­ Johns Hopkins University, graduated and awarded Ph.D. in Chemistry 1890; returned Environmental standards, which were standing employer award from the Presi­ to University of Georgia as Professor of established after prolonged debate and dent's Committee on Employment of the Chemistry and furthered his studies of chem­ ov~r the opposition of the oil companies, Handicapped. In 1969 he was honored as istry in Germany and Switzerland; and have been relaxed or postponed; West Tennessee Regional Employer of Whereas, He revolutionized and revitalized Offshore drilling permits will appar­ the Year for the Handicapped. Mr. Siegel the Naval Stores business in the south, and ently be granted to once again put the has never turned away anybody seek­ improved methods of procuring gum and Santa Barbara Channel shoreline in ing employment who has a handicap. He invented a ceramic cup for gathering same; he concentrated his studies on the pine­ danger of oil spills; and has built ramps into his plant and re­ improved methods of planting of pine trees The Cost of Living Council has per­ moved other barriers. He has also adapt­ to spread growth and increase size for great­ mitted increases in heating fuel prices, ed machinery so handicapped employees est yield for paper making and many other because refineries operated by the oil could operate it efficiently. practical productive uses to benefit more companies have refused to produce this Sam Siegel's service does not stop here, people-raising the standard of living his needed fuel without such increases. however. He has served as mayor of prime interest; and On top of this, the exorbitant profits Bruceton for several years, and has been Whereas, He was elected president of the that the major oil companies are reap­ American Chemical Society in 1915, was active in numerous community service reelected in 1916, and aided largely in mak­ ing are well known. projects, including the West Tennessee ing the chemical business one of our giant Mr. Speaker, the record is quite clear. Heart Association. Carroll County, his industries of today. He recommended Wide­ The major oil companies have the Na­ home, has led the Nation in per capita spread research and cooperation between tion over a barrel and are being per­ contributions to the Heart Fund for the businesses for the common good of all. He mitted to use the energy crisis to satisfy past 10 years. He works very closely with was an active chemurglst and worked closely their unquenchable thirst for profits. the less fortunate, and on November 26 with the National Chemurgic CouncU, whose One way, I believe, that we can halt treated 39 boys from Boys Town in Jack­ prime purpose is to use sensibly and profit­ ably surplus farm crops; and this incredible series of events is to ob­ son, Tenn., to a dinner and provided Whereas, He started football at the Uni­ tain timely and accurate information to clothing for them. versity of Georgia in 1892-fi.rst game with help us define our energy needs and re­ This modest man who has c~mtributed Auburn in Atlantar-Auburn won 10-0. He sow·ces. In my view, we must take steps so much to so many accepts these awards loved all sports and encouraged participa­ to enable the Government to make deci­ with humility and the desire to do more tion in them to help make life more en­ sions that greatly affect the oil industry for the less fortunate. Truly his "cup joyable; and and the Nation on the basis of data and runneth over" with kindness. I am proud Whereas, He was honored in 1943 by hav­ information other than that supplied ing a Liberty Ship named in his honor at to call him my friend. Southeastern Ship Bullding in Savannah. solely by the industry itself. He was also honored in 1946 by having a Therefore, I am today introducing leg­ bronze bust placed In the rotunda of the islation, entitled the Energy Information State Capitol in Atlanta with the following Systems Act, which is designed to pro­ INEQUITIES OF FEDERAL inscription: "The spark of his genius and vide for the collection, organization, and SUBSIDIES energy touched Georgia's pines and forests dissemination of energy information by of smokestacks began growing in the south"; one Federal organization. and It Whereas, The citizens of Savannah having is my belief that this bill,. over the HON. SAM STEIGER enjoyed and shared the last and most fruit­ long run, will enable energy policymakers OF ARIZONA ful years of his life, it is fitti.ng and proper in the Government to make decisions IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to set aside December 4, 1973, his birthday, and recommendations on the most com­ and celebrate same in a manner magnifying plete, timely, and unbiased information Thursday, December 13, 197 3 his good works so that they may shine forth available. It will enable the Congress as Mr. STEIGER of Arizona. Mr. Speak­ for generations to come and his great bene­ well as the executive branch to discharge er, I would like to share with my col­ factions multiply. its responsibilities to see that energy leagues a recent letter I received from shortages are borne equitably and that the president of a company in my dis­ danger to individual Americans due to trict that serves as a wholesale distribu­ A BILL TO ESTABLISH A NATIONAL the lack of energy is minimized. But most tor of golf and tennis fashions. In his ENERGY INFORMATION SYSTEM important of all, perhaps, is that the bill letter, Mr. R. Holton Confer, Jr., points enable the people to make real and up the inequities that result from Fed­ meaningful judgments of those who gov­ eral subsidies. HON. JEROME R. WALDIE ern them and of those who have so much I urge the Members of the House to OP CALIFORNIA power over their very lives. reflect on Mr. Confer's letter and to re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES member it the next time we consider Thursday, December 13, 1973 legislation authorizing subsidies-no matter how meritorious the cause may Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, if this Na­ MR. SAM SIEGEL appear to be. The letter follows: tion is going to manage and contain the LAKE HAVASU CITY, ARIZ., energy crisis, the public must be able to December 6, 1973. get quick, reliable answers to extremely HON. ED JONES Mr. SAM STEIGER, complex questions. At the moment, the OF TENNESSEE House Office Building, Congress and the people are totally de­ Washington, D.C. pendent on the oil companies for most IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DEAR MR. STEIGER: I noticed in yesterday's of the information on which we base our Thursday, December 13, 1973 Wall Street Journal our government had been officially notified by Pan American Airways governmental decisions. Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, the company would need subsidies 1! the I, for one, do not want to have to rely I would like to call the attention of this current fuel crisis were to intensity or last on the major oil companies for this es­ body to one of the most outstanding men for a prolonged period of time. sential information. in my district, Mr. Sam Siegel of Bruce- I wish you would omc!ally notify our gov- 41504 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 13, 1973 ernment that PoCoJo Enterprises, Ltd., will health. For it does a man little good to bring Some of this can be attributed to normal also need subsidies if the current fuel crisis home $175.000 a week if a great deal of it increased patronage at holiday times. But intensifies or lasts for a prolonged period o! must be spent on doctor's bills, hospital bills, much of the interest stems from the prospect time. medicines, lost days of work and physical of travelers not being able to get gasoline Our reasons? disablement. for their cars. The closing of .service stations PoCoJo is a wholesale distributor of men's As far as future long range plans are con­ on Sunday has cast a pall on weekend motor­ and ladies' fashions to golf and tennis pro­ cerned we strongly support research in the ing. fessionals in siX southwestern states. areas of use of coal (gaslftcation), solar en­ When President Nixon signed a bill for The major ingredient of our fashion wear ergy, fusion and thermal energy. To a lesser more money for Amtrak last month, he is polyester. A petroleum derivative, polyester degree we would llke to see the use of shale pointed out the efficiency--energy-wise--of yarn production is being reduced by DuPont oil. DeriVing oil from shale will leave mounds railroads: "Railroads can carry more passen­ (the major manufacturer) by 15%. of refuse that would be acceptable only to gers over greater distances per gallon of fuel Our method of distribution is to visit our keep from freezing. than automobiles or airlines are able to do customers with three fully st ocked 27' motor Unfortunately we find the spread of nu­ while adding fewer pollutants to the air." homes-fuel usage 6 to 7 miles per gallon. clear energy unacceptable at this time. There But however efficient railroads are energy­ Our customers, especially at this time of are already problems with disposal, transport, wise, the public will ultimately judge Amtrak the year, depend on northern tourists for thermal pollution and operation; and pro­ on the basis of other efficiencies: schedules, much of their business-tourists who are not liferation of these light water nuclear reac­ convenience, comfort, reliability, etc. The traveling. tors will only multiply the problems. We railroads have fared poorly in these areas in We are a prime source of supply for our must urge a go slow policy on growth of the past. customers and are just as important to them this type of energy until such time as these Officials here have announced plans to im­ as Pan Am is to its customers. problems are solved. prove conditions on the Floridian, the Chi­ Since we enjoy similar corporate status In the meantime we shall keep our ther­ cago to Florida train that passes through (especially at tax time) we'd certainly like to mostats low, drive slowly, form car pools, here, which is Nashville's only passenger have similar status to stand beside them 1n take the bus, and ride our bicycles. train. the subsidy line. Maintaining corporate posi­ Thank you. That is encouraging news, for if rail serv­ tion is just as important to us as it is to Mrs. RUTH PARNES, Chairman. ice is ever to become a popularly-accepted Pan Am. mode of travel the trains will have to project Think about it. a warmth that has not been there before. Sincerely, We hope that Amtrak seiZes the energy R. HoLTON CoNFER, Jr., crisis as an opportunity to prove itself to President. ENERGY CRISIS PROVIDES AMTRAK the traveling public. With imaginative think­ WITH GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY TO ing and with proper leadership, rail service mPROVE NATION'S RAILROADS could become a primary, rather than a last­ resort, means of travel. ERIE COUNTY HOUSEWIVES TO END POLLUTION SPEAK OUT FOR CON­ HON. JOE L. EVINS OF TENNESSEE SERVATION OF ENERGY THINKING THINGS OVER IN THE HOU~E OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. JACK F. KEMP Thursday, December 13, 1973 HON. DAVID W. DENNIS OF NEW YORK Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, OF INDIANA IN THE liOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Nashville Banner in a recent edi­ torial pointed up one of the positive as­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, December 13, 1973 pects of the current energy crisis: the Thursday, December 13, 1973 Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, as the de­ opportunity for Amtrak to expand its Mr. DENNIS. Mr. Speaker, as we pass bate continues over the best methods to service and improve the national rail­ emergency legislation for ever-increas­ employ to cushion the severity of our road system. ing allocations, rationing, and controls it present energy shortage, it frequently Obviously, with gasoline shortages, might be worth our while to consider seems that our demand for energy is di­ more and more Americans will look to how far we have departed from the prin­ rectly at odds with our environmental railroads for public transportation, and ciples of a free economy. I call attention concerns. Great progress has been made if railroads can demonstrate efficient in the last few years toward reclaiming in this connection to two recent articles service and pleasant surroundings, rail­ in the Wall Street Journal, which I in­ our environment from the ravages of road travel habits can be increased and sert in the REcoRD, as follows: pollution and many now wonder if it is improved. THINKING THINGS OVER possible to keep our country warm as well This energy crisis provides Amtrak as clean. I believe we can, Mr. Speaker, with a golden opportunity to grow, de­ (By Vermont Royster) but with this controversy in mind, I velop, and expand our Nation's railway BEEFING ABOUT SHORTAGES think a letter which I recently received system-because even if the crisis sub­ Putting one little word after another, is particularly noteworthy. The Erie sides, the supply of fossil fuels is limited whatever happened to the beef shortage? County Housewives to End Pollution has and Americans must depend to a greater So many things have happened so fast this year that last summer is almost ancient been one of the most active and effective degree on rail transportation. history. The past gets obliterated in memory groups in the effort to safeguard our Because of the interest of my col­ not by decades but by months. Sitting in the land, our air and our water through re­ leagues and the American people in this chill before the TV set it's hard to recall the cycling. Mrs. Ruth Parnes, chairman of most important subject, I place the edi­ heat of summer and the dramatic pictures the Energy Task Force of HEP, shows torial in the RECORD. on the evening news of those bare counters by her recent letter that meeting our The editorial follows: in the supermarket meat department. energy demands need not be incompati­ But for a time back there the TV pictures AMTRAK Now HAs BEST CHANCE EVER were also of empty corrals down at the old ble with our environmental standards as A First century maxim warns: "Never find stockyards, and at our house hamburger was this letter to the President points out. delight in another's misfortunes." At the as rare as pheasant under glass. Posses of The letter follows: risk of broaching that maxim, we observe housewives were ready to hang the butcher DEAR PRESIDENT NIXON: We wish to voice with optimism the resurgence of interest in and Congressmen from urban districts were our strong support for the recommendations passenger rail service, the obvious offshoot muttering dire things about greedy cattle­ mentioned in your speech on energy aired of the nationwide fuel shortage. men, sounding for all the world like sheep­ over TV on Nov. 7, 1973. We feel the prob­ Gasoline-gulping automobiles have been herders in one of those range wars right out lem was well explained and the ·solution hit hard. The nation's fuel shortage has of "Gunsmoke." practical. forced Americans to restudy their travel Meanwhile sophisticated commentators To be more speclftc we support the reduc­ habits, giving Amtrak the best opportunity were telling us that the beef shortage was tion of speed on highways to 50 MPH; lower­ yet to make passenger rail serVice a viable al­ permanent and we were just going to have to ing of heating temperatures in homes, in­ ternative to other modes of travel. learn to get our protein from soybean concoc­ dustry, government and commercial estab­ The situation in Nashville 1s s1m.1lar to that tions. A few even viewed this a.s a. good thing, llshments; use of mass transit, car pools; of other rail centers across the country. Am­ since it would break our horrible habit of and the burning of coal where possible rath­ trak officials are haVing to turn away would­ munching on burgers and frenchfries. er than on or gas. The use of coal however be passengers. The south-bound trains to So a recent visit to the local supermarket must be carefully considered in llght of Florida. through Nashville are booked solld in the interests of journalistic enterprise was what we know its effect to be on human through the holidays. something of a surprise. The meat counter December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41505 was obviously beefed up-ground bee!, rump energy, nature is unkind in that the sources companies with being noncompetitive and roast, eye round, all-beef frankfurters, even remaining are expensive to get at. The poli­ therefore causing the energy shortage." steaks from varying parts ot 'the beast, all ticians have foolishly compounded the prob­ Spt'ead out in tempting array. lem by, first of all, plaguing us with an in­ ro be sure, the prices were beefed up too. flation that forces up the prices of everything THE NIXON-KISSINGER MIDDLE Plain old ground beef was 99 cents a pound, necessary to produce energy, from the steel EAST DILEMMA the rump roast was $1.38, the eye round roast to make drills, to the labor to do the drilling. was $1.88, while the price of sirloin was re­ Then the politicians penalized capital for­ served for J . Paul Gett:v. mations, refused to let pipelines get laid, dis­ HON. ROBERT J. HUBER Higher prices, yes. Shortages, no. The bare couraged the opening of new gas heads, re­ OF MICHIGAN shelves of summer were created not by the stricted the uses of coal, delayed the con­ butchers but by some gentlemantly agrono­ struction of nuclear plants--and now act IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mists on the Cost of Living Council. As soon stunned that a shortage is aggravated into a Thursday, December 13, 1973 as these gentlemen in their wisdom lifted the crisis. price ceilings on beef, the shortages vanished. There's no use pretending there's an easy Mr. HUBER. Mr. Speaker, it is time For there is a relentless correlation be­ way out. We're in for a cruel time, no matter to put the recent Middle East peace tween the two, between the price of a com­ what. But whatever else is done, in the real settlement in its proper perspective. The modity and its availabillty in the market world we're going to have to pay the real cost fact of the matter is that the President's place. Which is something worth pondering of energy or do without-that is, have a per­ Middle East policy is not as successful as now that we begin to shiver through the win­ manent crisis. The real price of energy wlll some would lead us to believe. As a direct ter, industries begin to cut back production surely be higher, though not as high as a and the unemployment lines lengthen. black-market price. On the other hand, the consequence of the Nixon-Kissinger The choice is between higher prices for en­ price of not paying it is a shortage not only of peace settlement, we are faced with a ergy or a cold, cold winter for everybody. energy but of chemicals, paper, medicines, severe shortage of fuel. The tragedy of Worse, between higher prices for energy or a electricity, food and everything else that re­ this peace is that we could have easily cold, cold decade. It's an unhappy choice, quires energy. averted our present oil and gas shortage, true enough, and it would be marvelous 1f So maybe the oll controllers in Washington if we had properly used our strength. some bureaucrat could issue an order and ought to wander over and have a chat with By October 20, 1973, the Soviet Union save us from it. But no rationing program, no the beef controllers. matter how elaborate, will produce another realized that it was in their best in­ barrel of oll, another cubic foot of gas, an­ terest to try and bring about a cease­ other BTU of energy from any source. Ra­ NOTABLE AND QUOTABLE fire. They needed, however, U.S. support tioning and price controls can only assure (Maurice F. Granville, chairman of the to accomplish this. The President quickly that the shortage w1lllast as long as the pro­ board and chief executive officer of Texaco agreed to the Soviet's request and sent grams do. Inc., before the Independent Natural Gas As­ the Secretary of State to Moscow to help The problem here-as in the bee! shortage sociation of America:) arrange the peace negotiations. This ap­ or any other shortage-is three-fold. To re­ I am indebted to an individual outside of duce demand, to allocate the present supply our industry, Bruce Henderson of the Boston pears to be where we made a crucial mis­ in the most efficient manner and to increase Consulting Group, for a succinct analysis of take. At this point, we could have in­ the supply. how a great nation can go about creating an sisted that the Soviets force their Arab Artificially depressed prices and rationing energy shortage. Following is his scenario: allies to lift the oil embargo against the don't decrease demand, they merely shift the "First, with regard to natural gas, get a United States. Instead, "nice guys" that pressure from the open market to the black ceiling price. This discourages exploration we are, we let ourselves be used to bring market or the political arena where it's de­ and il;lcreases use. Keep the prices down in about the peace, and received nothing in cided who gets what at the artificially cheap spite of inflation. This ampllfies the effect price. They don't allocate the supply on an and guarantees a shortage eventually. return. President Nixon and Secretary economic but on a political basis. They en­ "With regard to coal, ban the use of coal Kissinger call this peace settlement a. courage no new production. with sulfur content. This sharply restriqts triumph. I do not think so. A freely operating market price w1ll do all the supply. Sharply restrict strip mining for A recent article in the Washington three. Right now the price of energy would cosmetic reasons. This further restricts the Post demonstrates clearly how we par­ rise, all right, just as did the price of bee!. supply. Then suddenly impose drastic new tially failed in the Middle East. True, we But with the price rise every user, industrial safety rules which wlll substantially cut out­ did bring about a peace settlement, but or home consumer, would take a hard look put from existing mines. Freeze prices so no at his energy use. one can offset cost increase from reduced only at enormous expense to ourselves; There's nothing like a pocketbook pinch, output or justify further investment. and an unnecessary expense at that. whether on the household budget or a com­ "For atomic power, delay construction a Naturally, I am happy that a. peace ac­ pany profit-and-loss sheet, to cut out waste matter of years by uncertainty about licens­ cord was reached. The point is, how­ and promote the economic use of any re­ ing requirements. Delay operation at full ever, that this agreement could have source. As between users, particularly heavy power after construction. Delay start of con­ been achieved, and the Arab boycott industrial users, price allocates usage on struction by environmental suits. lifted, if the United States had properly some rational economic basis rather than by "With natural gas, coal and atomic power pursued its role as a. world leader. The the whim o! some government bureaucrat. all severely restricted, that leaves only petro­ Meanwhile, of course, the rising price leum. First, grossly increase automotive con­ following article by Martin E. Wein­ would encourage all sorts of people to dig sumption of gasoline, by requiring drastic re­ stein, which appeared in the Washington more oil wells, tap more gas pools, research ductions in engine efficiency because of pol­ Post on Sunday, December 2, addresses new energy sources in areas not economic at lution-related modifications. That alone wlll itself to this point. I am enclosing Mr. the present price levels. insure a severe shortage of energy. Then ban Weinstein's excellent article for the con­ To all this there are objections. One is the use of oll containing sulfur. This severely sideration of my colleagues: that rising prices fall heaviest upon those reduces refining capacity. MissiNG THE BOAT IN THE MIDEAST who can least afford them. This is true of "Put into effect new pollution objectives all prices, whether of beef or gasoline, but which make refineries far more expensive. At (By Martin E. Weinstein) the choice is always between a price to put the same time, introduce great uncertainty There is a widespread lllusion that the goods on the market or no goods. And in into the requirements that must be met. Nixon-KJssinger policy in the Middle East this case with the shortage resulting in un­ That wlll virtually stop refinery construc­ crisis has been a diplomatic success. It has employment and other assorted ills the real tion or expansion. been widely publicized as a masterpiece of choice for many will be between letting prices "Eliminate practically all new refinery sites timing, ag111ty and firmness that saved the rise or no jobs-and no money to buy at any because of environmental delaying tactics. structure of peace, got the Arabs and Israelis price. Further curtail refinery investment by mak­ moving toward a lasting settlement, and Another objection is that rising prices will ing supplies of crude oil very uncertain. restrained the Soviets from sending their benefit producers, all those oil and gas com­ Block the use of Alaska North Slope by argu­ forces into the war. panies. Let us hope so. Looking at the stock ments on the cosmetic effects in uninhabited Like most illusions, this one has shreds of market right now, who is going to put up and unreachable regions. Stop the use or evidence and wisps of logic to hold it to­ capital to dig new wells or lay new pipe­ gether. After all, a cease-fire is in effect, lines? Is the objective to restrict "profits" of search for oil offshore 1n California because Arab-Israeli negotiations are being planned, cattlemen or wildcatters, or to get more of pollution leaks. Slow all o1fshore opera­ and the Soviets didn't send in their troops. beef and more oil? To refuse to reward those tions for environmenta.I reasona. For good But the harsh truth behind the lllusion is who w111 get more of what we need is, in the measure, hold down the price of gasoline to that the Nixon-Kissinger policy has con­ old adage, to cut off one's nose to spite one's half that in Europe. This encourages large ceded to the Soviet Union military predomi­ face. cars. nance 1n the Middle East and has confirmed No consumer, and I am one, likes high "To be sure that all of the above is misun­ the Arabs 1n their belief that they can rely prices. But when nature is unkind or poli­ derstood by the general public, bring a law on Soviet milltary protection 1n the pursUit ticians foolish we are sure to get them. With suit which charges all the largest energy of their policies. either on oil or Israel. The 41506 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Decernber 13, 1973

U.S. policy also has seriousl,V, and p~rhaps gether to enforce it, especially on the Is­ made it clear to the Arabs that the Soviet­ irreparably, damaged our vital alliances with raelis. Ac0ording to administration accounts, Union is not an omnipotent protector and Western Europe and Japan-the relation­ in one of these notes the Soviet proposed that they cannot use t he oil weapon with im­ ships which are the basis of American secu­ joint Soviet-American intervention to stop punity. rity and prosperity. And, finally, it is leading the fighting and stated that if the United If the administration had perceived t he the United States, along with the rest of States did not act together with the Soviet crucial importance of the oil embargo, and the non-Communist world, toward an eco­ Union, "we the Soviets should be faced had stood fast on the necessity of the em­ nomic abyss-a severe depression, induced with the necessity urgently to consider the bargo being rescinded, then the President's by a shortage of oil and compllcated by short­ question of taking appropriate steps unilat­ claim to firmness and to coolness under fire sighted economic nationalism. erally." would have substance and the secretary's reputation as a diplomatic genius would be UNDERESTIMATING THE EMBARGO In plain language, the Soviets were telling the President either to put a leash on the at lea-st debatable. As it is what we have are The major flaw in the administration's merely illusions. Middle East policy has been its underesti­ Israeli or the Soviet Union might send in mation of the Arab oil embargo and its own forces to save the Egyptians. The Soviet notes should not have been a THE CLEAN AIR ACT its consequent failure to have that embargo shock. They hinted at unilateral interven­ lifted. The embargo was threatened within tion but left room for diplomatic maneuver. a few days of the Egyptian-Syrian attack And why not? They had successfully rattled on Oct. 6, and was officially announced on HON. ROBERT PRICE their missiles in the 1956 Suez Canal crisis. OF TEXAS Oct. 17. From the moment the embargo was Why not threaten intervention again in declared, it constituted a terrifying threat 1973, especially since the United States and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to American interests-not simply to our in­ its allies already had shown themselves weak Thursday, December 13, 1973 t erests in the Middle East , but to our entire and divided in their reaction to the oil em­ position as a world power-a threat which bargo. Mr. PRICE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, on Mr. Nixon and Kissinger did not perceive. Mr. Nixon and Kissinger responded to this December 12 I introduced legislation The immediate effect of the embargo, as quasi-ultimatum by promptly stopping the which would allow the operation of President Sadat and King Faisal intended, Israelis and simultaneously called a world­ motor vehicles without emission control and as the Soviets must have understood, Wide strategic alert. Then, on Oct. 25 and 26, was to give an unprecedented battering to devices in areas which lack significant the secretary and the President held tele­ air pollution. The current requirement the Western Alliance, and by so doing to vised news conferences at which they stated pushed the United States toward diplomatic that their alert had averted a superpower under the Clean Air Act that manufac­ isolation. The Western Europeans and Japa­ military confrontation in the Middle East. turers attach emission control devices to nese, whose industries would be crippled The President announced that this was "the all late-model cars discriminates against without Arab oil, had to choose between pla­ most serious crisis we have had since the the majority of Americans who live in cating the Arab producers or backing the Cuban confrontation of 1962," and he rural and moderately populated areas United States in its "even-handed" policy of strongly implied that he had faced the Sovi­ equivocal support for Israel. The adminis­ where pollution is not severe, or very ets down. minimal but who are forced to pay extra tration minimized the importance of the oil A number of critics of the administration embargo, brushed off the allles' economic promptly charged that the alert was unjus­ money for cars with emission control de­ concerns as selfish, and left them no alter­ tified, that the President had staged a mili­ vices they don't need. native but to appease the Arabs. That, of tary crisis to divert attention from his wa­ Environmental quality is of concern to course, is what they have oroceeded to do. tergate problems. These critics were wrong. everyone. We are all familiar with the Our position, however, was not irretrieva­ The President did face a serious contest cities which are constantly plagued with ble. Within a few weeks of the war's out­ with the Soviets. But he avoided it. He did the cloud of gloom which hangs above break, the administration was given an op­ not save the day with his alert. Rather, he portunity to correct its initial errors and to them and areas where certain weather avoided a crucial test by giving the Soviets conditions bring on pollution warnings act positively on the oil embargo. By Oct. 20, what they demanded and what Egypt des­ when Secretary Kissinger flew to Moscow to perately needed-an immedla.te honoring of which keep many people indoors. These negotiate a cease-fire, it was obvious that the cease-fire. citizens in such locations should be pro­ the Egyptians and Syrians, despite the ad­ WHAT SHOULD HAVE BEEN tected and my legislation would require vantage of a coordin ated, surprise attack and the Environmental Protection Agency to ample supplies of advanced Soviet weapons, But what of the oil embargo? There is not identify areas of significant pollution were getting into military difficulties. It was the slightest evidence that Mr. Nixon or Kis­ a mistake for Secretary Kissinger to have singer ever saw a. connection between the where auto emission controls are needed. flown to Moscow at all. It was the Arabs and cease-fire and the embargo. It should have Auto emission controls would then not the Soviets who needed cease-fire, and he been clear to them by Oct. 20 that the oil be required on cars operating outside the should have let them come to him. Instead, embargo is a more potent weapon in the areas specified by EPA. EPA would de­ he rapidly worked out a cease-fire scheme Middle East war than the Egyptian and velop an identifications system, possibly with the Soviets and rushed it through the Syrian forces, or Soviet arms, and that it a window sticker system which would U.N. security Council on Oct. 21, with the is a weapon aimed only indirectly at Israel but directly and menacingly at the United inform law enforcement officials at a stipulation that the cease-fire was to take glance whether the vehicle carried an effect on Oct. 22. States and the entire Western alliance. In brief, the administration should have emission control device. By Oct. 22, however, the Israeli's ha~ a siz­ able tank force West of the Suez canal. The made the lifting of the Arab oil embargo the This legislation would allow the re­ Egyptians after underestimating the scope prerequisite for our support of the cease-fire. moval of antipollution devices by indi­ and powe~ of the Israeli crossing, belatedly - This should have been our stand throughout viduals, or an individual could order an realized that the Israeli were moving into a the crisis. Our government should have ,told automobile from a dealer without the position from which they could cut off the the Soviets and the Arabs that we favored a emission control device if the dealer op­ Egyptian forces east of the canal and simul- cease-fire and that we wanted negotiation erated in an area which lacks significant taneously attack the Egyptian reserves or for a lasting peace settlement, but that we even threaten Cairo. Given these circum- could not work for a cease-fire or participate pollution. All States would be required to stances, it 1s understandable that both sides in negotiations while the embargo contin­ conform ·to these regulations, so that ignored the cease-fire o:r Oct. 22 and 23_the ued. How could we be expected to press the any area determined by EPA to lack sig­ Egyptians in the hope of preserving their ini- Israelis to stop fighting in Egypt and Syria nificant air pollution could not require tial gains and the diplomatic advantages in- while the Arab oil producers persisted in the occupants of that area to place anti­ herent in those victories the Israelis to com- their economic warfare against the United pollution control devices on their autos. pensate for their early setbacks, and to States? If the fightU:g was to stop, it must This legislation could have a tremen­ strengthen their bargaining position in the stop on both the mlhta.ry and the economic dous impact on fuel savings in a large expected negotiations. fronts. majority of the United States. Accord­ By the next day, Oct. 24, it was clear that The sensible, unprovocative policy the the Israelis were winning decisively. Suez United States should have followed was to ing to the 1970 Census, 72.2 percent of City was in their hands and the Egyp-tian Sd stand firmly on the necessity of the embargo the population lives in areas where the Army was cut oft' from its supplies includ- being rescinded as part of the cease-fire population 1s less than 100,000 and 55.2 1ng its food and water. Unle&; the ~ease-fire agreement while opposing intervention in percent live in communities of less than was immediately honored Egypt faced a. the war by the armed forces of either of the • superpowers. 25,000. Areas of this size would probably military disaster. Such a policy would have distributed the be similar to those which lack significant THE soviET NOTES tasks of peace-making equitably. It would air pollution. The Soviet leaders, fully ree.lizing the have breathed life into Secretary Kissing­ A factor of primary concern in the desperate position of the Egyptians, sent er's repeated but still hollow declarations current shortage is the phenomenal in­ President Nixon several urgent notes, cor- that he intends to revitalize our alliances crease in the demand for gasoline. This rectly pointing out that the cease-fire was with the Europeans and the Japanese. And, legislation would decrea..se that demand. being violated and insisting tha.t we act to- most importantly, such a policy would have Since 1962, the demand for gasoline ha..s December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41507 increased over 54 percent, and the Office The initial cost of this pollution con­ heed. The opportunity was created by a wave of Emergency Preparedness-OEP-has trol device on automobiles is an unneces­ of public concern over the storage, testing reported that the demand for gasoline sary waste of money for those in rural and transport of nerve gas. Plainly, this was the moment to question whether the United in the first quarter of 1973 was 5.5 per­ areas. The cost of this device is estimated States needed to be in the chemical warfare cent higher than during the same period to add $100 to $200 to the sticker price business at all. The Army, however, plans to only 1 year ago. Several factors have con­ of a car to meet the 1975 interim stand­ solve the problem-which it defines as a pub­ tributed to the increased demand for gas­ ards. In a time when the buying power of lic relations problem involving storage and oline, but of these factors, the single our citizens has already been eroded­ transport-by producing a new brand of most important one-according to a by increasing taxes-and income is de­ nerve gas. To produce the new and 1.estroy study prepared by the Congressional Re­ creasing, why should we force the people the old wm cost something like half a bil­ lion dollars. As any close student of govern­ search Service at the request of the Sen­ in areas where pollution is not a problem ment ought to know, once a new investment ate Interior and Insular At!airs Com­ to purchase such devices. They should of that scale has been made, the Army's in­ mittee-appears to be the gasoline pen­ have the option to buy them just as they stitutional interest in protecting it wtll be alty imposed by antipollution devices. would any other accessory. very large. Figures indicate that the new emission I urge my colleagues, representing In fact, what is the reason for this country control devices on cars decreases mile­ both urban and rural districts to support to remain ready to engage in chemical war­ age by 7 percent or more. OEP estimates this legislation which would contribute fare? The Army's reason is to deter the Soviet that these devices have increased annual Union from using chemical agents. This is greatly to energy savings-a goal which like saying that in order to deter the Rus­ gasoline consumption by more than 300,- we all support. sians from trampling us with elephant herds, 000 barrels a day. we must raise our own elephant herds. It is, These devices have a greater impact in a word, ridiculous. No canon of war re­ than the number of new cars on the road quires the United States to respond with first indicates. New cars are driven the same weapon used by a foe. We would st111 further than older ones each year; that BINARY WEAPONS retain a broad range of other choices 1f we is, a 1-year-old car is driven on the relinquished nerve gas and like chemical agents. By relinquishing chemicals, however, average of 13,200 miles a year in com­ the United States would be making a modest parison to a 6-year-old car which is driv­ HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER but real contribution to a more civilized in­ en 8,700 miles a year. The percentage of OF COLORADO ternational society. For the truth is, chemical emission-controlled cars increases daily warfare conveys an image of horror out of and the Chase Manhattan Bank has esti­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES proportion to its military potential. Mere mated that one-half of the expected Thursday~ December 13~ 197 3 possession of chemical agents has come to growth in gasoline demand will be the Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, in be a political debit. Whatever the military result of emission control devices on late· effectiveness of the chemical agents used by October, immediately prior to the House the United States in Vietnam--certain tear model automobiles. Armed Services Committee hearings on gases and herbicides-few detached observers A recent report printed in the April nerve gas storage and transportation, would contend that they outweighed the po­ 1937 issue of the Oil and Gas Journal the Army provided several Members with litical opprobrium attached to their use. cited the following results of a study: a memo that explained the binary con­ In his first term,·of course, President Nixon One private set of fleet tests indicated the cept of chemical munitions and an­ did renounce "the first use of lethal chemical mileage loss of 1971 models over 1970 at 7%, weapons" and of "incapacitating chemicals" 1972, at 6%, and the 1973 over 1972 at 8%. nounced the selection of Pine Bluff as well. He has not, however, moved on to This represented accumulated mileage loss of Arsenal in Arkansas as a site to produce sign the international treaty, known as the 19%; but two direct comparative tests of one of the chemical components of the Geneva Protocol, which outlaws first use 1n 1973 models against 1970 models showed a binary weapons. The Army's rationale war of chemical (and biological) agents. Mr. loss ranging from 11% to 17% depending on for the new weapons stemmed in part Nixon submitted the Protocol to the Senate the number of miles the 1970 models had from public concern over the storage in 1970. But because he explicitly excluded been driven prior to testing. of mustard gas, phosgene, and GB at the control of "riot control agents and chemical These data showed much greater mileage herbicides"-not "lethal" or "incapacitating," declines than governmental tests made !or Rocky Mountain Arsenal just 10 miles he claimed-the Foreign Relations Commit­ the Environmental Protection Agency which from the center of Denver. The new tee referred the treaty back to him. The reported losses of only about 7%. binary concept would allow the relatively committee's entirely reasonable View was that safe and separate stockpiling of the it would lower rather than raise the barrier The issue of Oil and Gas Journal also weapons' two chemical components, against chemical warfare to ban all forms included a chart, which I have included neither of which is lethal by itself. except the ones which the United States ac­ here, with regard to gas mileage which But while the Army's move to protect tually was equipped to use. will be helpful in seeing how stricter con­ our own neighborhoods from disaster This 1s a good time to review the whole trols have reduced gas mileage which may be laudable, its decision to produce question of chemical warfare. The pending in tum has resulted in increased cost for need for a half b1111on dollars for changing and stockpile binary chemical weapons models of nerve gas makes the issue acutely automobile operation. Soon, these con­ as a "deterrent" may prove to be dis­ topical. The end of American combat in Viet­ trols will bring us to the level of 6.8 astrous to any hope of international nam makes it possible to consider the Geneva miles per gallon which EPA recently re­ agreement on their control. Further, by Protocol in an atmosphere free of the tur­ leased as the gasoline mileage of the 1974 the Army's switch to binary weapons the bulent currents of the war. One of the moral Oldsmobile Toronado. The people in my central question of why we must stock­ highlights of President Nixon's first term was district, which is one of the larger dis­ pile these weapons at all has been neatly h1s courageous renunciation of biological tricts in terms of area, cannot feasibly warfare-the production of biological agents, avoided. their possession and their use. He could well live with cars which perform at such a Chemical weapons, cluster bombs, and match that achievement with a step forward gas guzzling rate especially with rumors napalm are designed to exterminate a on chemical warfare now. th~t gas will go up to a dollar a gallon. population, not win ground, liberate, con­ vert or pacify. Such weapons transform A LOOK AT LATE-MODEL AUTOS killing from a means to an end in itself. As for the deterrent argument, a Wash­ 1970 1971 1972 1973 ington Post editorial points. out that no A TRIDUTE TO ERNIE TAYLOR canon of war requires the United States Horsepower •------268 253 168 165 to respond with the same weapon used Compression ratio_------9. 5 8. 6 8.5 8.4 Axle ratio ______2. 74 2. 74 2. 74 2. 77 by a foe. HON. CLEM ROGERS McSPADDEN Weight (pound) __ ------4,362 4, 403 4,505 4, 653 Following is the Post editorial on OF OKLAHOMA Acceleration (second): 0-60 mi/h __ ------10.7 12.0 12.8 13.0 chemical warfare which appeared this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 25-60 mifh------7.8 8.5 9. 6 9.5 morning: Miles{gallon ••• _------14.1 13.1 12.4 11.6 Thursday~ December 13, 1973 CHEMICAL WARI'ARE A major opportunity exists to move toward Mr. McSPADDEN. Mr. Speaker, under 1 1970-71 data are gross horsepower, 1972-73 are net horse­ a more responsible pollcy on chemical warfare the leave to extend my remarks in the power. All data are based on fleet tests of autos representing but the opportunity may be overwhelmed RECORD, I include the attached "Tribute range of modells produced by GM, Ford, Chrysler and are not averages for al U.S. autos. by Army slnglemlndedness unless others pay to Ernie Taylor": 41508 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 13, 1973 A TRIBUTE TO ERNIE TAYLOR the public and its elected omcials of ex­ Tjednik, now serving a !our-year sentence. Hugo, Oklahoma's Ernie Taylor has con­ actly what the problem is. I have just received this account of his con­ tinued the legacy of Oklahoma professional It is clear, however, that the adminis­ ditions in the Stara Gradiska prison camp: calf ropers by being crowned this past week tration is following a time-honored tactic "Vlado is working in the carpenter's shop, in Oklahoma City during the National Finals so that when he comes out o! prison he wlll Rodeo, the 1973 World's Champion Calf of taking short-term steps to help indus­ be able to make furniture for us all! He Roper. try while asking the public to "tighten has no opportunity of reading or of writing, By winning a total of $38,772, Ernie estab­ its belt." We have been told in the so­ because he is a 'political criminal,' and in lished a new world's record for money won called phase 1 of the energy plan that fact can do nothing at all. He is permitted to in a single rodeo event. More than a quarter­ Americans must restyle their living hab­ write his wife one letter of 30 lines a month century ago, the late Clyde Burk won the its and learn to suffer. The latter admo­ and to receive one of the s.am.e length. His World's Title, be-coming the first Oklahoman nition, it should be noted, comes from wife can visit him once a month for 20 min­ to do so, after the creat ion of the Rodeo utes in the presence of a warden. Every other Cowboy Association. Ernie Taylor has been Mr. William Simon, the executive Presi­ month he is allowed to receive a food parcel moving steadily up t he ladder the last six dent Nixon has empowered to administer weighing Sib." years on this event as witnessed by his 4th the new energy agency. For a writer to be deprived of reading mat­ place finish in 1971 and 7th place finish in Until the Congress has the explicit de­ ter and the materials for writing is worse 1972. tails on the scope of our energy needs than makin~ him perform physical labour. Like many professional cowboy champions and reserves I feel the legislation intro­ Even Andrei Sinyavski, the Russian author of this era, Ernie started his competition in duced today is needed to benefit the aver­ now safely in France, was allowed to write a winning way, by being crowned the Okla­ and to bring out of his Soviet camp the homa High School Champion Calf Roper and age working American. This bill would "prison notebooks" now published in the later the American Junior Association Calf offer means of transportation in any West. Roper crown. He was a st andout on the energy crisis, a definite incentive to use Marshall Tito was himself a political prison­ Hardin-Simmons Universit y rodeo team. public transportation. er in the thirties. But prison conditions un­ Competing in more than ninet y rodeos this The bill would allow a commuter to de­ der the Yugoslav monarchy were such that year kept Ernie on the road steadily all year duct all ordinary and necessary expenses Tito could make use of his sentence to study long. used on mass transportation facilities Marxism. It is significant that 30 years after In accepting his World's Title in Oklahoma during a taxable year if travel trips are he took power he does not permit his own City, December 9, 1973, Ernie paid a moving political prisoners equivalent facilities. tribute to his wife, Paulette, for her encour­ used to reach work and return home. agement and possession of those traits that This would be a direct and meaningful Lt takes to be a "rodeo wife." The Rodeo tax deduction for the average taxpayer Cowboy Association numbers more than 3,000 who, unfortunately, cannot contribute TRffiUTE TO SPEAKER GEORGE L. members who competed this yea.r in almost personal papers to the national archives SMITH six hundred rodeos in the United States and and end up paying little or no tax to the Canada for an fl.lltime payoff record of more Federal treasury. than five million dollars. There is a difference between being a male and a man. Ernie Tay­ If gasoline prices increase significantly HON. DAWSON MATHIS lor personifies the latt er and has perpetuated or if prohibitive tax is attached to fuel, those traits of rugged individualism that both of which actions are being consid­ OF GEORGIA this country so sorely needs. Without a team ered by the administration, the working IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . doctor or trainer, without a guaranteed man will be hit the hardest. Thursday, December 13, 1973 salary, and without the benefit of state or The measure also would provide a federal matching funds, this man from Hugo, valuable incentive to the public to use Mr. MATHIS of Georgia. Mr. Speaker. Oklahoma, with abllity and luck, which is rapid transit facilities. Use of these fa­ the State of Georgia this week said the American way, has carved for himself a goodbye to one of her greatest sons, the niche of greatness. The people of his home­ cilities could lead to broader participa­ tion by Federal, State and local sources Speaker of the Georgia House of Repre­ town, Hugo, Oklahoma, are honoring him sentatives, the Honorable George L. December 15th with a parade and Testi­ on enlarging and improving public modes monial Dinner. I join them a nd Speaker Carl of transportation. Smith. Albert, who represents Choctaw County, George L. Smith never sought, nor Oklahoma, as well as thousands of rodeo fans did he receive, wide popular acclaim all over America, in my sincere congratula­ throughout this Nation. But he was loved tions to Ernie Taylor-Champion. POLITICAL PRISONERS IN and respected by those he touched out­ YUGOSLAVIA side Georgia, as well as by those he served in his native State. Mr. Speaker, Speaker Smith was my TAX DEDUCTIONS FOR PUBLIC friend, personally and politically. I first TRANSIT EXPENSE HON. ROBERT J. HUBER came to know him when I was a green OP MICHIGAN reporter attempting to cover the work­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ings of State government in Atlanta. HON. JEROME R. WALDIE Thursday, December 13, 1973 Very early on, I found a friend in this remarkable man, and formed a friend­ OP CALIFORNIA Mr. HUBER. Mr. Speaker, although IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ship that endured until his untimely Yugoslavia is usually thought of as sort death. He and I had a relationship based Thursday, December 13, 1973 of a liberalized version of Soviet com­ munism, it still has its secret police and on trust and truth. I both loved and re­ Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, today, I am suppression of political dissent. In a re­ spected this man, and I shall miss him, introducing a bill which would allow a cent article in the Daily Telegraph of as will all who knew him. He will also be tax deduction for workers who use pub­ London for November 27, 1973, a com­ missed by millions of Georgians who did lic transportation to and from their jobs. parison of Yugoslav prison conditions not know him personally, but were richer I introduce this measure not as any with that of politicaJ. prisoners in the for his service. • long-term solution to the energy prob­ U.S.S.R. is made. I think this compari- He was a man who sat in a seat of lem. Rather, I consider it at least one . son will interest my colleagues and the power, conducted himself with style and initial step the Congress can take to grace, radiated dignity, and exemplified assist the lower middle income worker article follows: integrity. THE PRISONERS OF Trro who is becoming the economic scapegoat I am submitting for the RECORD, only in our current panic over energy. On Thursday the Communist regime in two of the flood of articles that filled our Yugoslavia will be 30 years old and there are At the outset, I would like to say that rumours that President Tlto wlll declare an State's newspapers on the death of this I believe not only Congress, but all of the amnesty for people 1n prison. Will any such great Georgian. American people, are not being properly amnesty extend to poUtical prisoners, whose HOUSE SPEAKER SMITH DIES informed of the dimensions of the energy numbers have risen in recent yea:rs? (By David Morrison and Celestine Sibley) situation. The :first duty of this adminis­ Take the case of Vlado Gotovac, the Croat House Speaker George L. Smith died at tration should be to adequately inform poet and former editor of the Hrvatski 4:45 p.m. Sunday, the victim of a massive December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41509 stroke that kept him unconscious for three He held that job for 14 of his years as a Georgia and from Washington, D.C. for the weeks. seldom opposed, never defeated House mem­ funeral. "He had moments in which he responded ber, bringing to it a fierce love and pride The First United Methodist Church of to his relatives," an attending physician said, that did much through the years to burnish Swainsboro, for which Smith obtained the "but he never fully regained consciousness." the image of the House itself. He came to building site nine years ago, was :fllled to After family members were notlfted and the House in 1945, a largely wool hat legisla­ overflowing, and a throng stood in a chtll word of the speaker's death circulated, state ture controlled by the governor he had sup­ north wind on the lawn to hear the funeral officials, pollticians and friends of the family ported, Eugene Talmadge. Peanut hulls rat­ service broadcast over the speaker system. :flooded the switchboard of Piedmont Hospi­ tled underfoot on the floor, cuspidors were The Rev. Vernon Robertson, former pastor tal in Atlanta with expressions of sympathy. awash with amber and it wasn't unusual to of the church, who left Swainsboro to serve "George L. Smith was one of the :finest hear the clink of Uquor bottles in members' as district superintendent and is now chap­ leaders Georgia has ever known," said Gov. desks. Rep. Smith quickly became a mem­ lain of the Methodist center at Epworth-by­ Jimmy Carter, who arrived at the hospital ber of the celebrated law-making triumvirate the-Sea on St. Simon's Island, eulogized shortly after the speaker's death. "He was a which included Rep. Frank Twitty of Mitchell Smith as a man "who stood tall among us, close personal friend of mine and he will be County, long-time floor leader, and Rep. Jack a man of authority With a spirit of humility sorely missed in the future." Ray of Warren, later state treasurer. and a sincere love of the people of Georgia... Carter praised Smith, a 27-year veteran They were a formidable trio who could Recently, the minister said, there has been legislator, for "enlightened leadership" in marshal the votes to pass any blll in which a loss of faith "in the integrity of men in the lower house of the General Assembly. they were interested. One of their strengths high office," and he cited the speaker of the Carter said Smith possessed in innate "abil­ was later to become Smith's greatest asset as House as a man whose strength "was based ity to bring order out of chaos." Speaker of the House. on simple integrity." The body wm lie in state at the Capitol He knew the House rules "backwards, for­ "My prayer is simple," he concluded, "God Tuesday, Gov. Carter said. wards, right side up and upside down," as give us more men like George L. Smith." Mrs. Smith, daughter Sally and other fam­ one member remarked. He studied the rule As the organ played the "Going Home" ily members present at the time of the book as much for pleasure as for profit and strains from the New World Symphony, the speaker's death planned to stay in Atlanta he mastered parliamentary procedure for love copper coffin with its blanket of red roses was overnight Sunday before returning to of its stately language as for the advantage carried down the aisle by the speaker's six Smith's hometown of Swainsboro to make it gave him in a law-passing maneuver. nephews. The speaker's staff formed two funeral arrangements. Later he would make a study of British lines as an aisle for the passage of the family Former U.S. Sen. David Gambrell, also pres­ parliamentary practice, sitting long hours in and the honorary pallbearers, an honor guard ent at the hospital, said Smith's death is the House of Commons and tracing the ori­ of House officials, Gov. and Mrs. Jimmy "a very sad occasion for this state. He was a gins of Georgia's parliamentary ritual to its Carter, Lt. Gov. and Mrs. Lester Maddox, u.s. man of great abllity." source. Friends he made in the British par­ Sen. Herman Talmadge and Mrs. Talmadge, "We have seen a lot of changes in the leg­ liament occasionally returned his calls, visit­ U.S. Sen. Sam Nunn, and U.S. Rep. Dawson islative system and he has been a leader in ing with him in the Georgia House. Mathis and Rep. Bo. Ginn. Great numbers of that," Gambrell said. "It will be difftcult to Rep. Smith became Speaker of the House members of the House who could not :find replace a man of his ability." in 1959 with the administration of Gov. room in the church crowded close outside, The death of the popular Democratic lead­ Ernest Vandiver. When Carl Sanders became and a row of state patrolmen stood at er left many questions unanswered for the governor in 1963 George L. Smith was re­ attention. 1974 session of the General Assembly. placed by George T. Smith as Speaker. When At the cemetery folloWing a brief service, However, Carter predicted that Smith's neither Republican Howard ("Bo") Callaway Gov. Carter presented the speaker's Widow, death will cause state lawmakers to set nor Democrat Lester Maddox received a ma­ Sally, With the American :flag which had cov­ aside political differences and create a pro­ jority vote in the 1966 general election for ered her husband's coffin as his body lay in ductive atmosphere in the General As­ governor, Rep. Smith got the chance he had state in the rotunda of the Capitol. Mrs. sembly. been awaiting for 20 years. Smith and her daughter Sally were escorted "George L. was one of the greatest Geor­ The General Assembly took to itself the to the church and to the cemetery by the gians that ever lived," Carter said... He's put responsibility of naming a Speaker, hereto­ widow's brother, Arthur Mobley of Monroe. his leadership to great use." fore the privilege of the governor, and George Smith, who was to have begun his 29th "He has set an example for integrity and L. Smith got the job. year in the Georgia House in January, died competence that many other politicians wtll It was the :first "independent" legislature last Sunday in Piedmont Hospital from a emulate for years to come." in history and the man who had loved it stroke suffered in his Swainsboro law office Dr. Lamont Henry, an associate of Smith's since boyhood became its leader, possessing Nov.ll. personal physician, Dr. Bernard Wolff, said powers he always denied holding. The stories Crowds began gathering in the church as there was llttle cnance during the speaker's of his political power were legion but efforts early as 1:30 p.m. to wait for the service, :fight for life that he would survive. Smith to give him the nickname "King George" fiz­ which began at 3 p.m. The chancel was suffered a massive stroke at the base of the zled out because of his accessibility and easy banked with flowers in arrangements rang­ brain three weeks ago Sunday which Henry informality with members and the press. ing from simple sprays and wreaths to an described as the ultimate cause of death. However, he was zealous to enforce the rules elaborate replica of the state Capitol. Both Such a stroke is caused primarUy by the of the House, wielding a heavy gavel at the walls of the sanctuary were also banked with :fllllng in of chief arteries, Henry said. The first sign of disturbance, particularly if a :flowers, as was the grave site. result is sudden or gradual obllteration of member used profanity in debate or ap­ The four-acre site for the church was con­ the blood supply to the brain. peared in the chamber with a bottle of Uquor tributed by a member of the Baptist church Wolff was out of town at the time of in his possession. after the Methodists had tried unsuccess­ Smith's death. However, the speaker was at­ He believed that House members, particu­ fully to buy it, he related. George L. Smith tended by another of his associates, Dr. larly, Senate members by association with the visited the owner and talked to her and she Charles Upshaw Jr. House, were entitled to more pay and he said, "My father told me never to sell any Mrs. Smith was present as was Smith's worked unsuccessfully to get a law passed property, but he didn't tell me I couldn't daughter, Sally, an airllne stewardess, who to increase their terms of office from two to give it away." arrived on a flight from Tampa, Fla., Sun­ four years. By the same token he expected day afternoon. House members to work and he kept a Speaker Smith, whose 61st birthday an­ weather eye on the calendar to be sure no niversary occurred after he was admitted to bUls were caught in a log jam in the final PETROCHEMICAL~THE MINIA­ Piedmont Hospital, visited the Georgia Capi­ days of a session and failed of passage. (Some TURE ENERGY CRISIS tol for the first time when he was a small btlls, he sometimes pointed out with wry boy. He saw the House of Representatives in humor, were introduced by their authors operation-and it was the beginning of a with death on the calendar in mind as thett' lifetime love affair. most desired destiny.) HON. ROBERT J. HUBER Other men have used legislative service as OF MICHIGAN a stepping stone to more exalted political "MIL. SPEAKER" GEORGE L. SMITH BURIED IN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES office. Other men consider the Georgia House SWAINSBORO SERVICES Thursday, December 13, 1973 or Senate a way station on a trip to the post (By Celestine Sibley) Mr. HU)3ER. Mr. Speaker, while there of governor, congressman, judge or even George L. Smith II, "Mr. Speaker" to the President of the United States. Georgia House of Representatives for 11 is evidence accumulating that gasoline George L. Smith II considered the post- . years, was laid to rest in his native Emanuel and oil are in short supply in some parts tion of Speaker of the Georgia House "the County Wednesday afternoon in the midst of of the United States, a minicrisis is com­ best job any man could ask for-the highest friends, neighbors and more than 500 poUt­ ing to a head on petrochemical products. calling." leal figures who fiew in from all parts of In some cases, there is nothing available. 41510 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 13, 1973 A firm in my own 18th District of Michi­ The Commerce Department figures were facturers Association, says that as many as gan is halting all production within a few for each of the many petrochemica.ls ex­ 4,000 workers have already been laid off due ported, but were not totaled. In many of the to the resin shortage. The association rep­ days if a supply of the petrochemical numerous categories, exports for the fitst 10 resents 174 medium to small firins in the product it uses cannot be found. Press months of 1973 exceeded figures for all of New York area, primarily in labor negotia­ reports confirm that this is true across 1972. tions. the country. Firms manufacturing plastic Polypropylene exports, for example, totaled Edelman explains that the association is products and drugs are approaching a $58.02 Inillion from January through Oc­ pressing for decontrol so that the U.S. firins dangerous point due to this situation. In tober, compared with with $36.68 million in can at least bid for the supplies they need. order to try and alleviate this situation, all of 1972. The 1972 e:lq)Ort volume was The economics of the industry make price I am joining some of my colleagues in in­ 165.21 milllon pounds, compared with 262.06 secondary to a steady source of supply. troducing legislation to prohibit export million pounds for the first 10 months of "These injection moulders are so expensive of this year. that you've got to work them around the of these items until the present price Polypropylene is used in the manufacture clock to make money. Some of our people controls are lifted on these products. of synthetic fibers for carpeting, plastic toys, are only working one shift now-they aren't Without this action, we are getting into plastic bottles, microfilm and other products. even making enough to pay off their notes," the same silly situation we did on meat It sold abroad in some areas for 25 to 30 Edelman says. not too long ago, where it was more prof­ cents a pound, compared with 15 cents at "What most of these people want to do itable to ship beef to Japan rather than home. now is simply exist for another year and hope sell it in the United States. The law of Exports of synthetic dyes were $42.83 mil­ things wlll get better. They aren't that con­ supply and demand has not been re­ lion for 32.74 million pounds .through Oc­ cerned at the moment about making money." tober, compared with $34.02 million for 28.97 Although most of the companies, which pealed, I believe. Therefore, I wish to million pounds for all of 1972. produce small iteins like phonograph records, commend to the attention of my col­ Benzene, toluene and similar solvents knobs, cases for electrical appliances and but­ leagues the two articles from the Wash­ brought $40 million from foreign sales tons, are not under direct control, Edelman ington Star-News of December 10 and 11, through October, compared with $30.85 mil­ said stiff competition would keep most from which describe this situation. lion in all of 1972. In the case of benzene, passing through all cost increases. 1.12 million gallons were exported in 1972 The big petrochemical companies, led by compared with 2.3 mlllion in the first 10 Union Carbide and Dow Chemical, under­ [From the Washington Star-News, months of this year. standably agree that lifting prices is the solu­ Dec. 10, 1973] "There's no doubt, that price controls tion. Union Carbide said if price relief isn't PETROCHEMICAL EXPORTS GREATER DESPITE have resulted in this increase in exports,'' granted it wlll increase exports "signifi­ SHORTAGE said Murray Weidenbaum, an assistant sec­ cantly." NEW YoRK.-Althoug:q petrochemicals are retary of the Treasury from 1969 to 1971, The resin situation and the spectacle of now a professor of economics at Washington consumers pleading to let prices increase 1s in short supply at home because of the en­ University, St. Louts, Mo. ergy crisis, Commerce Department figures what economists term a distortion in the Under President Nixon's Phase 4 regula­ economy caused in this case by price con­ show that petrochemical exports from Jan­ tions, petrochemical manufacturers can uary through October were above 1972 levels. trols. Classic theory says that in cases like November figures are not yet avaUable, raise prices to offset some cost increases, but this black markets and price gouging wlll they can't increase profits. Price controls do break out. but some industry sources said exports con­ not apply to exports. ' tinued to exceed 1972 levels because of higher This is just what has happened, Edelman A spokesman for Dow Chemical Co., a says. "I can't get anyone to file a complaint, prices abroad. major petrochemic&l producer, said Dow ex­ At home, the drug industry, a big user of but I hear plenty of rumors about 'middle­ porta were up from 1972, but the percentage men' buying up supplies and charging what petrochemicals, warned last week that do­ of increase was not as much as the percent­ mestic shortages could put medicines in short they can get." age increase in domestic sales. Edelman said association officials had met supply this winter. Manufacturers of other SpoKesmen for Exxon Chemical and Union products dependent on petrochemicals have with CLC representatives and that govern­ CarbMe made similar statements when ques­ ment's response was "very favorable." He said Issued similar warnings of cutbacks. tioned by a newsman. None gave specific The Arab oll boycott threatens to cut deep­ several unions representing the plastic work­ figures. ers were supporting the price increase plea. ly into the production ot petrochemicals, "There might be a short-term gain over­ which are derived from petroleum and nat­ A CLC spokesman said the plastic pro­ seas because of higher prices, but we're ducers request is apparently the only case ural gas. Petrochemicals are vital to the man­ trying to take care of our domestlc cus­ ufacture of such varied products as drugs, of a consumer requesting price increases. tomers,'' sa.id the Dow spokesman. "At the "We get quite a lot of the other kind, you plastics and synthetic fibers. same time we can't desert customers over­ Experts analyzing the complicated Com­ know, but I don't think I've ever heard o! seas with whom we've done business for this before,'' the spokesman said. merce Department figures said that export many years." volume was running about 10 to 15 percent above 1972 levels through October. They said the dollar value was about 35 percent above [From the Washington Star-News, Dec. 11, the 1972 figure. 1973] ADMINISTRATOR SIMON SHEDS Petrochemical sales, domestic and foreign, PLAsTic FIRMs AsK UNrrED STATEs To LET LIGHT ON CHRISTMAS TREES totaled $20 billion in 1972. Exports were $2.4 THEM PAY MORE billion. "We're definitely feeling the supply (By John Holusha) HON. LESTER L. WOLFF squeeze, but we have not had to cut back It's a bit analogous to a group of house­ OP NEW YORK production for penicillin and other drugs," wives storming into a market and demanding said a spokesman for Pfizer, Inc., a major that the butcher raise the price of meat: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES drug manufacturer. "The situation could get An association of small plastics manufac­ Thursday, December 13, 1973 considerably worse if allocations are re­ turers plans to ask the Cost of Living Coun­ duced." cil today to decontrol the prices of resin, a Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased Toy manufacturers are big consumers of raw material they buy from giant petro­ to note the following clarification by plastics made from petrocheinicals. The Toy chemical companies. They say they are tak­ William Simon, Administrator of the Manufacturers Association said there were ing the admittedly unusual step of asking Federal Energy Office, on the subject of enough supplies to complete normal produc­ to be allowed to pay more because the pres­ Christmas tree lighting. This statement tion for this Christmas. But plastics can­ ent low prices are driving them out of busi­ should help clear confusion surrounding not be purchased in suflicient quantities to ness. begin making Christmas toys of 1974, a It's not that they don't like getting things previous statements which were am­ spokesman said. at a bargain. The problem, they say, is that biguous: In a recent study, Arthur D. Little, Inc., a what they need is just not available. Most ADMINISTRATOR SIMON SHEDS LIGHT ON Ma.ssa.chusetts•based research firm, said that of the producers of the needed resins are CHRISTMAS TREES a 15 percent reduction in petrochemical out­ multinational companies. Since demand Wllliam E. Simon, newly appointed Admin­ put could leave 1.6 milllon to 1.8 million overseas is great and the prices uncontrolled, istrator of the Federal Energy Office, today unemployed in industries dependent on they're exporting to the highest bidder, the announced his position on the use of Christ­ petrochemicals. U.S. customers say. mas tree lights during the holiday season. The study said a 15 percent cutback in Added to all this is the shortage of petro­ "Promotional, display, and ornamental light­ petrochemical production would cost the leum which is the basic raw material for ing of homes and apartments wm be banned economy $65 bllllon to $70 bllllon annually. most plastics. as soon as I receive authority to enforce The annual Gross National Product 1s $1.3 Sheldon M. Edelman, executive director of this regulation," he sa.ld. Administrator trlllion. the New York-based Plastic Products Manu- Simon has already called for adherence to December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41511 these proposed regulations on a voluntary DR. KISSINGER'S SPEECH It has become starkly apparent that the basis. great industrialized democracies of Japan, "Many patriotic citizens, however, have in­ Europe and North America could pursue di­ terpreted the ban on ornamental lighting vergent paths only at the cost of their pros­ to include the traditional lights on Christmas Hon. PETER H. B. FRELINGHUYSEN perity and their partnership. trees inside their homes," he explained, "and OF NEW JERSEY These historic changes were occurring in a I feel this would be c-arrying energy conser­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES profoundly changed psychological climate in vation above and beyond the call of duty." the West. The next generation of leaders in The Administrator said families should be ·Thursday, December 13, 1973 Europe, Canada and America will have sure to turn off lights in other parts of the Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. Speaker, neither the personal memory nor the emo­ house to compensate for the electricity being tional commitment to the Atlantic Alliance used to light their trees. He also urged every­ under leave to extend my remarks, I in­ of its founders. Even today, a majority on one to eliminate exterior lights around their clude for the RECORD the text of Dr. Kis­ both sides of the Atlantic did not experience homes this holiday season, and to limit the singer's December 12 speech, which was the threat that produced the Alliance's cre­ use of Christmas tree lights to those times given before a meeting of the Pilgrims ation or the sense of achievement associated when the family is gathered together for of Great Britain in London. It is a major with its growth. Even today, in the United holiday festivities. statement of U.S. policy toward Europe: States, over forty Senators consistently vote "For most American families, a beautifully ADDRESS BY THE HONORABLE HENRY A. Kis­ to make massive unilateral reductions of decorated tree with strings of colorful lights SINGER, SECRETARY OF STATE, BEFORE A American forces in Europe. Even today, some has been the focal point of the good fellow­ DINNER MEETING OF THE Pn.GRIMS OF GREAT Europeans have come to believe that their ship that makes Christmas such a special BRITAIN, DECEMBER 12, 1973 identity should be measured by its distance holiday. I do not want American fa.m111es to from the United States. On both sides of lose the festive spirit of Christmas because I am grateful for the opportunity to speak the Atlantic we are faced with the anoma­ of the energy crisis," the Administrator said, to you this evening because, like most Amer­ lous-and dangerous-situation which in the "especially when good conservation habits icans, I am seized by a mixture of pride and public mind identifies foreign policy success can more than make up for the electricity . terror when invited to appear before a Brit­ increasingly with relations with adversaries they w111 use to light their trees." ish audience. In my particular case and while relations with allies seem to be char­ Temporary telephone numbers of Federal without any reflection on this distinguished acterized by bickering and drift. Energy Office public affairs: General Informa­ assemblage, it is probably more terror than There exists, then, a real danger of a tion, 395-3537; Press Interviews, 395-3497; pride for there is no blinking the fact--it is gradual erosion of the Atlantic community and Allocation Program, 395-4672. there for all to hear-tha.t my forebears which for 25 years has ensured peace to its missed the Mayflower by some three hundred nations and brought prosperity to its peo­ years. ples. A major effort to renew Atlallltic rela­ Our two peoples have been more closely tions and to anchor our friendship in a fresh associated than any other two nations in act of creation seemed essential. We hoped CALLS FOR INTERNATIONAL modern history-in culture and economics, that the drama of the great democracies COOPERATION in peace and in war. We have sometimes dis­ engaging themselves once again in defining a agreed. But the dominant theme of our rela­ common future would infuse our Atlantic tionshlp in 1ih1s century has been intimate partnership with new emotional and intellec­ HON. JOEL PRITCHARD alliance and mighty creations. tual excitement. This was the origin of the OF WASHINGTON In 1950, while the Atlantic Alliance was initiative which came to be called the "Year considering a continuing political body, my of Europe." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES great predecessor Dean Acheson spoke to this Let me lay to rest certain misconceptions Thursday, December 13, 1973 Society. Describing the travails of creation, about American intentions: Acheson noted that a "strange and confusing The President's initiative was launched Mr. PRITCHARD. Mr. Speaker, our dissonance has crowded the trans-Atlantic after careful preparation. In '8.11 of our con­ distinguished Secretary of State, Mr. frequencies." But he added that this "dis­ versations with many European leaders dur­ Kissinger, gave a most signi:.flcant ad­ sonance flows from the very awareness that ing the winter and spring of 1972-73 there dress last night in London·, and called difficult decisions must be made and is a was agreement that Atlantic relations re­ for a positive program of international part of the process of making them." quired urgent attention to arrest the poten­ cooperation to meet the energy crisis. Again today America and Western Europe tial for growing suspicion and alienation be­ It is no secret that relations between find themselves at a moment of great prom­ tween Europe and America. ise and ev.ident difficulty~! renewed efforts Eu­ We do not accept the proposition that the the United States and our traditional to unite and old problems which divide. It strengthening of Atlantic unity and the de­ ropean allies were strained even prior to is a time of both hope and concern for all fining of a European personality are incom­ the most recent Middle East war, but the of us who value the partnership we have patible. The two processes have reinforced pressures and divergent interests of that built together. Today, as in 1950, we and each other from the outset and can continue con.fiict increased the possibility of ero­ Europe face the necessity, the opportunity to do so now. The United States has repeat­ sion within the Atlantic community, and and the dilemma of fundamental choice. edly and explicitly welcomed the European made it imperative that we take the ini­ THE YEAR OF EUROPE decision to create an independent identity tiative not only to repair any current Because we have an historical and inti­ in all dimensions-political and economic. fissures, but to regroup and take advan­ mate relationship, I want to speak tonight, Indeed, we have long-and more consistently tage of the enormous talents and re­ frankly, of what has been called the "Year than many European&-supported the goal of of Europe"~! the difficulties of 1973 and political cohesion. sources available to deal with our mutual, the possib111ties of 1974 and beyond. We have no intention of restricting Eu­ worldwide energy problem. Last April, the President asked me to pro­ rope's international role to regional matters. I applaud the President and the Secre­ pose that Europe and the United States From our perspective, European unification tary of State for these actions. The pro­ strive together to reinv.lgorate our partner­ should enable Europe to take on broe.der re­ posal of an Energy Action Group, com­ ship. He did so because it was obvious that sponsiblllties for global peace that ultimately prised of expert representatives from the assumptions on which the Alliance was can only contribute to the common interest. Europe, North America, and Japan, to founded have been outstripped by events. The American initiative was meant to mark Europe's economic strength, political cohe­ Europe's new preeminence on the world scene develop an initial program for interna­ as well as within the North Atlantic com­ tional cooperation within all areas of the sion, and new confidence--the monumental achievements of Western unity-have rad­ munity. energy problem is a major step forward. ically altered a relationship that was origi­ A comprehensive reexamination of all as­ The group would focus on energy con­ nally shaped in an era. of European weakness pects of our relationship--economic, polltlcal., servation; the discovery and develop­ and American predominance. and military-is 1m.perative. It 1s a fact that ment of new energy sources; how to give American nuclear monopoly has given way our troops are in Europe as a vital component producers sufficient incentive to increase to nuclear parity raising wholly new problems of mutual defense. It 1s also a fact--indeed a of defense and deterrence-problems which truism-that political, mllltary and economic supply; and the coordination of interna­ factors are each part of our relationship. In tional energy research. demand a. broad reexamination of the re­ quirements of our security and the relative our view, the a..fllrmation of the pervasive As we in Congress today are seeking contribution to it of the United States and nature of our interdependence 1s not a device the best means to deal with the energy its a.llies. for blackmail. On the contrary, it 1s the shortage here at home, it is most en­ The lessening of confrontation between Justification for conc1liatory solutions. For couraging that our Government is also East and West has offered new hope for a the specialized concerns of experts and tech­ taking the lead on the international relaxation of tensions and new opportunities nicians have a life of their own and a narrow front. for creative diplomacy. national or sectarian bias. The purpose of our CXIX--261~Part 32 41512 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 13, 1973 1nitiative was to override these divisive atti­ prepared to adjust it to changing conditions significance? Has the energy crisis been tudes by committing the highest authority and share burdens equally. We need a defini­ caused primarily by the war or does it have 1n each country to the principle that our tion of security that our peoples can support deeper causes? Can our common energy crtsls common and paramount interest ts in and that our adversaries w1ll respect in ape­ be solved by anything but collective action? broadly conceived cooperation. riod of lessened tensions. As for the nature of the Middle East con­ THE EUROPEAN IDENTITY European unity is a reality. The United filet, it is fair to state, as many Europeans States welcomes and supports it in all its including your Foreign secretary have, that Since last April Europe has IJ;l.&.de great dimensions, political as well as economic. We the United States did not do all that it might strides toward unity-particularly 1n political believe it must be made irreversible and "that have done before the war to promote a per­ coordination. The United States strongly it must strengthen trans-Atlantic ties. manent settlement in the Middle East. Once supports that process. But as an old friend we Economic interdependence is a fact. We the war began, the United States demon­ a.re also sensitive to what this process does to must resolve the paradox of growing mutual strated great restraint until the Soviet ef­ traditional ties that in our view remain es­ dependence and burgeoning national a.nd re­ fort reached the point of massive interven­ sential to the common interest. gional identities. tion. Once that happened, it became a ques­ Europe's unity must not be at the expense We are determined to continue construc­ tion of whether the West would retain any of Atlantic community, or both sides of the tive dialogue with Western Europe. We have influence to help shape the political future of Atlantic wm suffer. It is not that we are im­ offered no final answers; we welcome Europe's an area upon which Europe is even more vi­ patient with the cumbersome machinery of wisdom. We believe that thts opportunity will tally dependent than the United States. We the emerging Europe. It is rather the ten­ not come soon again. involved ourselves in a resupply effort, not to dency to highlight division rather than unity So let us rededicate ourselves to finishing take sides in the confiict but to protect the with us which concerns us. the task of renewing the Atlantic community. possibllity of pursuing after the war the ob­ I would be less than frank were I to con­ First, let us complete the work before us; jective of a just permanent settlement which ceal our uneasiness about some of the recent let us agree on a set of declarations equal to some of our allies have urged on us ever since practices of the European Community in the the occasion so that they may serve as an 1967. political field. To present the decisions of agenda for our governments and as an ex­ At the same time, we must bear in mind a unifying Europe to us as faits accomplis ample and inspiration for our peoples. the deeper causes of the energy crisis: It 1s not subject to effective discussion is alien Second, let us then transform these decla­ not simply a product of the Arab-Israeli war; . to the tradition of US-European relations. rations into practical and perceptible prog­ it ts the inevitable consequence of the explo­ This may seem a strange complaint from a ress. We w1ll restore mutual confidence if our sive growth of worldwide demand outrunning country repeatedly accused of acting itself policies begin to reinforce rather than work the incentives for supply. The Middle East without adequately consulting with its allies. against our common objectives. And let us war mare a chronic crisis acute, but a crisis There ts no doubt that the United States move quickly to improve the process of con­ was coming in any event. Even when pre-war has sometimes not consulted enough or ade­ sultation in both d.irections. The United production levels are resumed. The problem quately-especially in rapidly moving situa­ States Government made concrete sugges­ of matching the level of oil that the world tions, but this is not a preference; it is a tions in thts regard at the recent meeting of produces to the level which it consumes w1ll deviation from official policy and established the foreign mlnisters in the North Atlantic remain. practice-usually under pressure of necessity. Council. The only long-term solution is a massive The attitude of the unifying Europe, by con­ But let us also remember that even the best effort to provide producers an incentive to trast, seems to attempt to elevate refusal consultative machinery cannot substitute for increase their supply, to encourage con­ to consult into a principle defining European common vision and shared goals; it cannot sumers to use existing supplies more ration­ identity. To judge from recent experience, replace the whole network of intangible con­ ally and to develop alternate energy sources. consultation with us before a decision is nections that have been the real sinews of the This ts a challenge which the United States precluded, and consultation after the f~;Lct trans-Atlantic and especially the Anglo­ could solve alone with great difficulty and has been drained of content. For then Europe American relationship. We must take care lest that Europe cannot solve in ist>lation at all. appoints a spokesman who is empowered to in defining European unity in too legalistic a We strongly prefer a.nd Europe requires a inform us of the decisions taken but who manner we lose what has made our alliance common enterprise. has no authority to negotiate. unique: that in the deepest sense Europe and To this end, the United States proposes we do not object to a single spokesman America do not think of each other as foreign that the nations of Europe, North America but we do believe that as an old ally the entities conducting traditional diplomacy, and Japan establish an Energy Action Group United States should be given an opportunity but as members of a larger community en­ of senior and prestigious individuals, with a to express its concerns before final decisions gaged, sometimes painfully but ultimately mandate to develop within three months an affecting its interests are taken, and bilateral always cooperatively, in a common enter­ initial action program for collaboration 1n channels of discussion and negotiation prise. The meeting to which the foreign all areas of the energy problem. We would should not be permitted to atrophy-at least :ninisters of the Community were courteous leave it to the members of the Nine whether until European political unity is fully real­ enough to invite me marks a significant step they prefer to participate as the European ized. To replace the natural dialogue with forward 1-n restoring the intangibles of the Community. extremely formalistic procedures would be trans-Atlantic dialogue. The group would have as its goal the as­ to shatter abruptly close a.nd intangible ties surance of required energy supplies at rea­ of trust and communication that took dec­ Let us put false suspicions behind us. The President did not fight so hard in Congress sonable cost. It would define broad principles ades to develop and that have served our of cooperation, and it would initiate action common purposes well. for our troops in Europe, for strong defenses, for a conclliatory trade bill, for support for in specific areas: The United States recognizes the problems To conserve energy through more rational of a transitional period as Europe moves allies around the world; he did not strive so continually to consult on SALT and develop ut111zation of existing supplies; toward unity. We understand the difficulty of To encourage the discovery and develop­ the first hesitant steps of political coordina­ common positions on MBFR; he did not stand up so firmly to challenges in crises ment of new sources of energy; tion. But we cannot be indifferent to the To give producers an incentive to increase tendency to justify European identity as around the world-suddenly to sacrifice Western Europe's security on the altar of con­ supply; and facilitating separateness from the United To coordinate an international program of States; European unity, in our view, is not dominium. Our destiny, as well as the full strength of our military power, is inextricably research to develop new technologies that use contradictory to Atlantic unity. energy more efficiently and provide alterna­ For our part we will spare no effort to linked with yours. As we look into the future we can per­ tives to petroleum. The United States would strengthen cooperative relationships with a be willing to contribute our particular skills unifying Europe, to affirm the community ceive challenges compared to which our re­ cent disputes are trivial. A new interna­ in such areas a.s the development of the deep of our ideals and to revitalize the Atlantic seabed. relationship. That was the purpose of our tional system is replacing the structure of the immediate post-war years. The external The Energy Action Group should not be an initiative last April. It remains the central exclusive organization of consumers. The goal of our foreign policy. policies of China and the Soviet Union are in periods of transition. Western Europe is producing nations should be invited to join THE COMMON CHALLENGE unifying. New nations seek identity and an it from the very beginning with respect to The leaders of the European Community appropriate role. Even now, economic rela­ any matters of common interest. The prob­ meet this week. They will consider the nature tionships are changing more rapidly than the lem of finding adequate opportunity for de­ of European identity; no doubt they w1ll structures which nurtured them. We, Eu­ velopment, and the investment of the pro­ adopt common policies and positions. In the rope, Canada and America, have only two ceeds from the sale of energy sources would light of this important meeting, let me out­ choices: creativity together or irrelevance appear to be a particularly important area line the position of the United States: apart. for consumer-producer cooperation. Detente is an imperative. In a world THE MIDDLE EAST AND ENERGY As an example of a task for the Energy Ac­ shadowed by the danger of nuclear holo­ The Middle East crisis mustrates the im­ tion Group, I would cite the field of enrich­ caust there is no rational alternative to the portance of distinguishing the long-range ing uranium for use in nuclear power reac­ pursuit of relaxation of tensions. But we from the ephemeral. The differences of re­ tors. We know tha.t our need for this raw must take care that the pursuit of detente cent months resulted not so much from la.ck material will be great in the 1980's. We know not undermine the friendships which made of consultation as from a different percep­ that electric ut111ttes wm wish to assure their detente possible. tion of three key Issues: Was the war pri­ supply at the least possible cost. We know common defense is a ~ecessity. We must be marily a 1<" ~1 confilct or did it have wider that European countries and Japan will wish December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41513 to have their own facilities to produce at "ASSAULT BY HANDGUN: THE CASE He grew up 1n Newton and Watertown and least part of their needs for enriched urani­ FOR GUN CONTROL"-NO. 57 served in the Army during World War n and um. Such plants require huge capital in­ then married and was raising a family and vestment. What could be more sensible than looking forward to that trip to Switzerland that we plan together t o assure that scarce and ... then came last Aug. 17. resources are not wasted by needless duplica­ HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON Mrs. Rockett summed it all up pretty tion? OF MASSACHUSETTS well: "You read about these things happen­ The United States is prepared to make a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing to others, but you never think it could very major financial and intellectual contri­ happen to you." bution to the objective of solving the energy Thursday, December 13, 197 3 It happened to John Rockett and every­ problem on a common basis. There is no Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, an thing changed 1n that one awful moment, technological problem that the great democ­ article in the Boston Globe of Novem­ and now he doesn't know how much longer racies do not have the capacity to solve he will be in the hospital or when he w1ll together-if they can muster the will and ber 30, by Jeremiah Murphy, reminds me be able to return to work. He doesn't know the imagination. The energy crisis of 1973 once again of the senseless crimes that if he will ever walk again. can become the economic equivalent of the easy access to handguns helps make pos­ There is a bitter and tragic postscript. The Sputnik challenge of 1957. The outcome can sible. The tragedy of John Rockett's young man with the white Mustang was be the same. Only this time, the giant step shooting, and the simple manner by never caught. He escaped with the four dol­ for mankind will be one that America and which it and thousands of other shoot­ lars in Rockett's wallet. its closest partners take toget her for the ings could have been prevented, leads me benefit of all mankind. We have every reason of duty and self­ to urge my colleagues once again to take up the many gun control bills pending interest to preserve the most successful AMERICA SHIFTS TOWARD METRIC partnership in history. The United States is before Congress. Every day adds to the committed to making the Atlantic Co>n­ list of murders and woundings that might munity a vital positive force for the future have been avoided had Congress acted HON. ROBERT MtCLORY as it was for the past. Wha.t has recently sooner. been taken for granted must now be renewed. OF n.LINOIS Included below is the Boston Globe IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This is not an American challenge to Europe; article: it is history's challenge to us all. Thursday, December 13, 1973 The United Kingdom, we believe, is in a THE NIGHT EVERYTHING CHANGED unique position. We welcome your member­ Noawooo.-sometimes everything can Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, "The ship in the European Community-though change in one awful moment, and John Shift Toward Metric" is expanding in the loosening of some of our old ties has Rockett found out about that a few months the United States at an increasing rate, been painful at times. But you can make ago. His whole world changed. which a greater awareness of this another historic contribution in helping de­ Things were going pretty good for Rockett velop between the United States and a uni­ until that Aug. 17 night, because he was 50 method of measurement by the Ameri­ fying Europe the same special confidence and years old with a wife and three sons and a can public is a proof. This subject is the intimacy that benefitted our two nations for job in Boston as assistant manager for Amer­ thesis of an excellent article by Prof. decades. We are prepared to offer a unifying ican Airlines. Frances J. Parker, chairman, Home Eco­ Europe a "special relationship," for we be­ He was a lector at the early Mass at St. nomics Department, New York State lieve that the unity of the Western world Catherine of Siena Church in Norwood and University College, Oneonta, N.Y., which is essential for the well-being of all its parts. had been honored by the Knights of Colum­ appeared in the November issue of the In his memoirs Secretary Acheson de­ bus Council as its man of the year. Journal of Home Economics. scribed the events of his visit to London in He and his family were planning to leave Mr. the spring of 1950. He described the need of their home at 50 Gay st. here in another Speaker, the importance of this his time for an "act C1f wlli, a decision to week and fly to Switzerland for a vacation Congress in passing vitally necessary do something" at a crucial juncture. before the kids went back to school. Things metric legislation is underlined by a We require another act of will-a deter­ were going pretty good for John Rockett. point made by Dr. Parker: mination to surmount tactical squabbles But it all changed that night after he drove Modern man frequently relies on the infor­ and legalistic preoccupations and to become to Sherwood Shopping Plaza in Natick be­ mation and advice of certain key individuals, the master of our destinies. We in this room cause his 20-yea.r-old son couldn't get his car or opinion leaders, whom he knows and re­ are heirs to a rich heritage of trust and started. Chris Rockett worked at Hanlon's spects. He relies on them for information friendship. If we are true to ourselves, we Shoe Store and had parked the car behind and advice concerning any new information have it in our power to extend it to a united the store. and advice concerning any new products, Europe and to pass it on, further enriched Chris was still working so his father went ideas, or procedures, and he depends on these and ennobled, to succeeding generations. behind the store to check the car. He got out people to "legitimize" such things. a flashlight and was looking at the engine when he noticed a young man get out of a Mr. Speaker, without this metric legis­ white Mustang and stand in the darkened lation being passed, the country will con­ WE NEED A NEW MINIMUM WAGE area. tinue on its slow but progressive drift to­ BILL Rockett's back was turned when the man ward adoption of the metric system by approached him and said: "Having trouble?" all segments of the society and industry, "No, I'm just going to leave." but without the guidance of the Con­ "Give me your money," the man said. gress, the opinion leaders, who must HON. JOHN N. ERLENBORN Rockett decided later it was reflex action, "legitimize" the changeover to the OF n.LINOIS because he swung around sharply with the metric system. That is why the Secre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES flashlight and struck the man a glancing blow. Then he realized the man was hold­ tary of Commerce in his report in 1971 Thursday, December 13, 1973 ing a .38 caliber revolver. recommended that the Congress estab­ Rockett started to run and a shot was fired lish a metric conversion board to over­ Mr. ERLENBORN. Mr. Speaker, nine and he was hit in the shoulder and fell to see the changeover to the metric system bills have been vetoed this year. One was the ground. The man walked over and took in this country in a planned and coordi­ overridden, but eight were sustained. Of Rockett's wallet out of his pocket. Then the nated manner. This is not too much to the eight sustained, the Congress has · man got into the car and drove away. ask. been able to compromise, or at least move Everything changed after that because The following article was adapted toward compromise, on all but one: a new Rockett was seriously wounded. The bullet had damaged his spinal column and he is from Dr. Parker's paper, "Preparing the minimum wage bilL Consumer for Metric Conversion," read I paralyzed from the shoulders down. am not altogether surprised, however. He spent a long time 1n Carney Hospital at the American Psychological Associa­ A few weeks ago, I suggested that if our 1n Dorchester and then was transferred to tion's meeting in Montreal, Canada, on General Labor Subcommittee chairman the Veterans Administration Hospital in August 28, 1973. An outstanding scholar, could not get the job done perhaps West Roxbury. Dr. Parker has involved herself in the George Meany could. This being the He 1s on the South Wing of the second problems of me'tric conversion and is Christmas season, it seems George would :floor, and the other afternoon his wife and the organizer of the metric instructional rather be a Scrooge than a "meany." Msgr. Robert Sennott of Catherine of Siena Church and two friends were there because kits used by the new Center for Metric Perhaps after he gets his own Christ­ the hours are always long in a hospital. Education at Western Michigan Univer­ mas shopping done he will be able to Rockett 1s a nice looking, middle-aged guy sity, Kalamazoo, where she was chair­ get into the spirit of resolving this un­ With brown, wavy hair and glasses. Now he man of the department of home eco­ finished business. has dt.mculty speaking because of the injury. nomics. 41514 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 13, 1973 THE SHIFT TOWARD METB.IC TEACHING ABOUT THE CHANGEOVER is reaching the public. Only 29 percent 1n the (By Frances J. Parker) Directors of the instructional-material de­ recent sample thought that the changeover In envisioning change, we are an aware of velopment project at the center have given would be too costly, compared with the 50 the importance of positive attitudes. For talks before groups interested in metrica­ percent who thought that in the original example, I recall the enthusiasm with which tion; my own approach has generally been of study (question 19). While 58 percent of the our young son described our first dishwasher: a persuasive nature, discussing pros and cons recent sample believed that metric measures "It used to take 30 minutes to do the dinner of metrication, both showing and telling how would make cost comparison simpler, only 7 dishes. Now it only takes half an houri" simple, logical, and sensible is the impend­ percent disagreed. Only 4 percent disagreed That dlft'erence in time sums up the ing and inevitable changeover to metrica­ with the idea that the metric system would change there will be in American cooking tion. be easier for our children to use than the habits after metrication 1s in general use by The center has an internationally known present system. business and industry. A d11l'erent way of board of advisers who are assisting its work. Although this recent survey 1s both lim­ measuring will make no real difference in This advisory board recently made a 1-hour ited and unsophisticated, it is a.n indication our customary way of going about things in videotape, available from the center, which that our informal educational efforts are the kitchen, and many of us will be de­ has appeared on numerous television chan­ making an impact on consumer knowledge­ lighted both with the novelty and ease of nels in order to acquaint the public with the ability about and attitudes toward the metric weighing ingredients in attractive new de­ impact of conversion to metrication at home system. vices and with the quality of products pro­ and on the job. duced with such precise measurement. Other work of the center has been the RESPONSES TO 1971 AND 1973 METRIC SURVEYS building of the best metric library in the Of course, some individuals will never [In percent) change to metric measures in their kitchens. United States. Since January, its staff has Some people have never accepted or used the been collecting books, films, tapes, catalogs, and other teaching materials from around 1 1971 J 1973 standard measuring cup; they still use "a the world. handful of this and a dash of that." The observation made by senator Charles HOW CAN WE REACH MOST PEOPLE? 1. Have~ou ever heard of the metric system? es ______-----______------_ Sumner in 1866 is as true in 1973 as it was P. R. Mort has reported a 50-year lag be­ No •• ______70.0 81 then: "Those who have passed a certain tween the creation of knowledge in educa­ 30.0 19 Total ______period of life may not adopt the metric tion and its dissemination.' However, we do 100.0 100 system, but the rising generation wtll em­ not have 50 years to "go metric"; 10 years is the lengthiest conversion period commonly 2. Could you tell me the names of some brace it, and ever afterwards number it measures in the metric system? among the choicest possessions of an ad­ recommended. Nor will we reach everyone Meter, millimeter, centimeter, kilo- vanced civilization." through the classroom. A strategy is there­ meter, other prefix with meter_ ___ 23.0 11 A survey of home economists by AHEA's fore necessary to fac111tate implementation Gram, milligram, centi~ram, kilo- of the metric system. gram, other prefix wit gram _____ 1.0 4 Consumer Interests Committee in August Liter, milliter, centiliter, kiloliter, 1970 and a national survey (1) of public In spite of a. vast array of sophisticated other prefix with liter______1.0 2 attitudes toward change to metrication communication media and advances in the Two of the above ______13.0 18 showed that the more knowledgeable a per­ general population's educational level, stud­ Three of the above ______4.0 15 Incorrect response, don't know _____ 28.0 31 son was about it, the more receptive he ies done in many fields besides home eco­ Not asked this question, never heard would be to the conversion. Those sur­ nomics show that modem mam. frequently of the metric system ______30.0 19 veyed who were less famillar with the system relies on the information and advice of cer­ tended to expect the change to be costly in tain key individuals, or opinion leaders, TotaL------100.0 100 time and money. Therefore home economists, whom he knows and respects. He relies on 3. Do you happen to know how the metric as agents of change., must l-aunch extensive them for information and advice concerning measures relate to each other? For and intensive educational programs on any new products, ideas, or procedures, and example: How many centimeters are in a meter? metrication. he depends on these people to "legitimize" One-hundred ______such things. Such opinion leaders are reached 17.9 30 CENTER FOB METB.IC EDUCATION Incorrect response, don't know _____ 23.5 31 through communication media., and at least Not ascertained _____ ------.2 15 Home economists wm find help with their some of the center's work is designed to edu­ Not asked this question, never heard role as agents for change from the U.S. of metric or unable to name meas- cate these opinion leaders through articles u res __ ----______Center for Metric Education, established in and programs in the media. 58.4 24 1972 as the first and only center of its kind Total ______------____ in the United States. It was located at ARE IDEAS CHANGING? 100.0 100 Western Michigan University and given a In an effort to discover 1f the publicity and 4. Do you happen to know the relation of any $163,000 federal grant from the U.S. Office of widespread educational efforts in the Kala­ metric measure to our customary meas- Education, to introduce the metric system of mazoo area. (where the U.S. Center !or Metric ures? For example: About how many Education is located) had had effect on con­ kilometersareina mile7 measurement into technical education in the 1 kilometer equals% or ~o of a mile United States. sumer acceptance of metrication, I con­ or 1 mile equals 1.6 kilometers ______3.9 12 To achieve this goal, the center's first year ducted a very 11m1ted replication of selected 1 kilometer equals~ or %of a mile questions !rom the U.S. Metric Study.1 or 1 mile equals 1.5 or 1.7-2 kilo- of operation is being devoted to the develop­ meters ______3.1 5 ment of instructional material. During the Testing the premise that the more knowl­ Incorrect response, don't know ______34.4 43 second and third years the center will offer edgeable one is about the metric system, the Not ascertained ______.2 10 in-service seminars for teacher educators in more accepting of the system one will be, I Notasked this question, never heard colleges and universities across the nation. made a random telephone survey of 137 Kala­ ofures metric ______or unable to name meas- mazoo area residents using most of the 58.4 30 AIDS FOR TEACHEBS original questions. A comparison of the re­ Total._------______100.0 100 Packets of teaching aids for home eco­ sults of the original survey and the Kalama­ nomics and industrial arts teachers are cur­ zoo survey is shown in the table on the 5. Thinking about our customary system, rently being collected and developed at the can you tell me: How many pints are facing page. in a quart? How many inches in a yard? center to introduce the metric system into In questions 1 through 4, consumers did 1 correct response_------15.0 16 the classroom and thus into the homes and demonstrate more awareness of the metric 2 correct responses ______82.0 77 jobs of tomorrow's citizens. The home eco­ system; there was also greater confidence No correct response ______3.0 7 nomics teaching packets will include: about the ease of adjusting to the new sys­ Total_------______--- 100.0 100 background information about the metric tem in the answers to questions 9 and 10. system in other nations and about the im­ The current sample showed in the answer to 6. Have Jou as an adult, ever lived or trav- pending changeover in the United States to question 11 that 50 percent of those surveyed ele extensively in a foreign country, this system. other than the British Commonwealth thought that U.S. conversion to metric was a countries, where you had to deal with a description of the role home economists good idea; in the original survey 2 years ago, a different measuring system than can play in implementing this changeover only 25 percent thought it was a good idea. ours? both in the classroom and in students' It is evident that there has been a shift in Yes_------17.0 26 homes thinking and that information about, for No_------83.0 74 suggested learning experiences example, the cost of metric kitchen devices TotaL------100.0 100 inexpensive teaching aids and trans­ parency Inasters 7. Did you have any problems in adjusting 1 "U.S. Metric Study Interim Report," The to the measuring system? (I do not lists of sources from which teachers can Consumer. National Bureau of Standards, Spe­ mean problems with money.) obtain other teaching aids (e.g., metric dress cial Publication 345-7. Washington, D.C.: Yes._------3.2 4 patterns, tape measures, scales, measuring Government Printing omce, July 1971. No_------13.6 31 u.s. Don't knowh not ascertained ______.2 5 cups, etc.). sp, R. Mort, "Studies ln Educational Inno­ Not asked t is question ______83.0 60 Fitted kits are also being prepared to use vations for the Institute o! Administrative in various in-service programs for vocational Research: An Overview." In M. B. Miles, In­ Total_---_------__ ---- 100.0 100 areas of home economics and industrial arts. novation in Education. New York: Teachers These kits include measuring devices, course College, Columbia University, 1964, pp. 299- 8. SuG80:~0s~~~r!i~~tsh~:~ei~~~~~ a;,~ outlines, and audiovisual materials. 837. miles an hour. Do you think the Amari- December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41515 RESPONSES TO 1971 AND 1973 METRIC SURVEYS THE PRESIDENT'S TAXES gift had been made before the legal dead­ line? (In percent) How could Mr. Nixon avoid tax on the sale HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN o! his New York cooperative apartment by 11971 21973 OF !4ASSACEnJSETTS putting the money into a new "principal resi­ dence" in San Clemente, and then escape Cal­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES l!ornia income tax by claiming he was not a can people as a whole would adjust Thursday. December 13. 1973 resident there? fairly easily or with considerable dif­ By what arithmetic could he avoid paying ficulty? Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, today's Fairly easily------20.0 31 a capital gains tax on the sale of part o! his With considerable difficulty______74.0 55 New York Times carried an excellent San Clemente land, when the price per acre Don't know, not ascertained______6. 0 14 article by the distinguished journalist, was higher than its listed original cost with­ out even counting the value o! the house he TotaL------100. 0 100 Anthony Lewis. The questions raised by Mr. Lewis are serious and thought pro­ retained? 9. Do you think the American people as a voking. Many of the questions raised by Why did the I.R.S. not even audit his 1970 whole would adjust fairly easily or with return, which showed total income o! $262,- oonsiderable difficulty to having the Mr. Lewis have special relevance for temperature reported as zero degrees Members of Congress. I commend this 942.56 and a tax of only $792.81? centigrade instead of 32 degrees Those are just a few o! the questions that Fahrenheit? . article to my colleagues: raise doubts. Most serious o! all, !rom a legal Fairly easily_------29.0 39 NOBLESSE OBLIGE point o! view, is the device o! having a Con­ With considerable difficulty ______64.0 45 Don't know, not ascertained ______7.0 16 President Nixon, Nov. 17, explainlng why gressional committee judge disputed points ------he had paid "nominal" income taxes: "It in his returns. As in the tapes oose, the Tota'------100.0 100 wasn't because o! the deductions !or, shall President in effect wants to pick his own court. Then we hea.rd about "Judge Stennis"; 10. Do you think that it would be a good idea we say, a cattle ranch or interest or all o! or a bad idea for the United States to these gimmicks ..." now presumably it wm be "Judge Mllls." change to the metric system of (By Anthony Lewis) After all that has happened it is scandalous measure? that senior members o! Congress should agree Good idea_------25. 0 50 BosToN, December 12.-Part o! the !asci­ to such a special proceeding. And it is dis­ Pro-con______4. 0 9 nation o! President Nixon's financial disclo­ Bad idea______59.0 23 heartening that the Internal Revenue Com­ Don't know______12.0 18 sures lies in the previous statements made in­ missioner, Donald C. Alexander, a man once operative. We know now, for example, that highly regarded in the profession, should let TotaL------100.0 100 interest deductions were, in !act, a most sig­ a precedent so damaging to the idea of equal nificant reason !or his modest tax payments. 11. Why do you say that? treatment in tax matters be set. There may Rest of world uses metric______15.0 38 Over the first four years o! his Presidency he be a good argument for a system o! inde­ Metric decimal easier; U.S. system deducted $275,376.15 in interest. His account­ pendent audit !or the returns o! those with outdated______14.0 9 ants went so far as to list a department tax authority-the President, the Secretary Customary system good; we're used store finance charge o! $1.24. toiL------23.0 12 o! the Treasury, the Commissioner-but it Cost reference (cost of change to Then there is the odd little case o! Herbert must be a general system, not special Con­ households, business; taxes)_____ 6. 0 Kalmbach. Last summer, when Mr. Kalm­ gressional treatment !or one man. Age reference (hard for old; easy for bach admitted arranging the disbursement Finally, it has to be said that there is more young)______11.0 7 of cash in bundles to the Watergate defend­ Change would be inconvenient, diffi- involved than law. For a man to grow rich cult______33.0 15 ants, a White House spokesman said he was while President o! the United States by cut­ Other______3. 0 0 no longer the President's personal lawyer. ting the tax laws so fine is hardly a noble Don't know, not ascertained______11.0 29 Now it turns out that he handles Mr. Nixon's example to his fellow citizens. We want our salary checks and California bank account. TotaL______(3) (3) President to make us seem better than we The more interesting aspect o! the Nixon are. That may sound unfair, but no one is 12. Shopping and price comparisons would financial statement is what it tells about the compelled to be President. be easier because the metric system American tax system-and about this Presi­ can be divided or multiplied by 10. dent's attitude toward it. Agree __ ------47.0 58 We have not recently had so neatly pack­ g aged a demonstration o! how the Internal IIOtascertained______g~s;.~r~~iiw·.-~======~~:1. 0 3I4 Revenue Code helps the rich get richer. The COMPUTER CARPOOL EFFORT interest deduction, !or instance, is seemingly LAUNCHED BY WICHITA RADIO TotaL------100.0 100 impervious to tax reform efforts because so STATION 13. The metric system would be easier than many Americans deduct their mortgage in­ our present system for our children to terest. But the provision is lnfinltely less learn. helpful to the average citizen than to the Agree ____ ------55. 0 69 4 rich, who can borrow vast sums and have HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER g~s~~r~~ow·--~======~~: g 27 the public pay a large part o! the cost. OF KANSAS Mr. Nixon is not the only near-millionaire IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES TotaL------100. 0 100 who paid less than $1,000 in Federal income Opinions of people who don't think the United States should taxes in 1970 and 1971. Som~ richer men paid Thursday. December 13, 1973 change to the metric system. Tell me if you agree or disagree less. Recent tax reforms have introduced the with these statements concept of a "minimum tax," due despite de­ Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, the Fed­ eral Energy Office in fuel allocation 14. Life would just be more complicated; we ductions, but the Nixon case shows what would have to use conversion tables derisory levels o! tax obligation it imposes. regulations published today in the Fed­ and that would be difficult to handle. Nor is Mr. Nixon the only person to charge eral Register requests private transpor­ Agree ______------61.0 45 off part of the cost o! running a house as a tation operators to conserve fuel by re­ Disagree. ____ ------_------31.0 30 Don't know ______7.0 21 business expense. The principle is a familiar ducing vehicle operations, carpooling, Not ascertained ______1.0 4 one. It may be just a litle unusual that the President deducted the entire cost o! using mass transportation, using more TotaL __ ---- ____ ------100.0 100 maintaining his Key Biscayne home because energy efficient vehicles when possible. 15. It would be too costly to change over our he has an office there, as well as 25 per cent I take this opportunity to bring to the household measuring devices. of the upkeep of his San Clemente house. attention of the Congress and the public Agree ______-----______---- 50.0 29 Disagree. ______One view, therefore, is that the disclosure a project which has been launched by 42.0 49 of what Mr. Nixon has done to avoid taxes Don't know ______7. 0 18 radio station KLEO in Wichita, Kans., Not ascertained ______1.0 4 should evoke only criticism o! the system. He has done no more than hold a mirror to our to assist in energy conservation on a vol­ Total. ______-- __ ---_-- 100.0 100 general corruption, it is said; rather than untary basis. KLEO has announced crea­ 16. The rest of the world should change to our criticize him 'Ve should become serious about tion of a commuter computer carpool for system. reforming the grotesque inequities in our tax Agree ______--- ____ ---- __ 12.0 4 Wichita residents. Disagree ______law. 77.0 76 But that view misses a central doubt about Listeners who fill out applications will Don't know ______11.0 20 the conduct of Mr. Nixon's tax affairs. The be matched by computer with other TotaL ______--______--- 100.0 100 suspicion remains that he has had especially workers who live nearby and work simi­ favorable treatment--advantages beyond the lar hours. loopholes open to all-precisely because he is 1 "U.S. Metric Study Interim Report," The Consumer. Na­ Such a project is worthy of the support tional Bureau of Standards, special publication 345-7. Wash­ President. of citizens who must rely on private ington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, July 1971. Why did the Internal Revenue Service ap­ s Survey by Frances J. Parker, Western Michigan University, prove a $576,000 deduction for the asserted transportation to get to work. In addition of 137 respondents, Kalamazoo, Mich. area, 1973. the success of such carpooling efforts in a Adds to more than 100 percent because some respondents gift of papers to the National Archives with­ gave more than one answer. out checking the Archives to see whether the Wichita and across the country could 41516 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 13, 1973 help us avoid the need for gasoline ra­ In short, more people, with more to the people of the north coast. In that tioning down the line. money to spend, are demanding more statement, I said: KLEO, its stat! and management, are energy-consuming goods and services For this reason, I have decided to issue to be commended for their interest and than ever before, and this demand has daily summaries to the press for the balance participation in this vital national ef­ simply exceeded the supply available to of the week outlining the essentia.l testi­ fort. us. mony presented to our Committee on this What are some of the other factors important question. that have contributed to the energy di­ The following is a brief chronology of A VERY SERIOUS ENERGY CRISIS lemma? Here are some that are fre­ those daily summaries: quently mentioned: April 11, 1972: Dea.It with the testimony The American oil industry has not up­ of Administration officials on the President's HON. DON H. CLAUSEN graded and expanded oil production here Energy Message to the Congress in June OP, CALIFORNU at home to keep pace with the growing of 1971 and legislation proposed by the Presi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES demand for oil. dent as "actions designed to provide a clean, abundant and assured supply of energy to Thursday, December 13, 1973 The public and private sectors did not the nation at reasonable prices." Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker, move "far enough fast enough" to de­ April 12, 1972: Summarized the testimony the Nation and the American people are velop technology that would allow more of some of the Nations leading experts in the faced with a very serious energy crisis. efficient use of our oil and coal resources fuel and energy fields who warned of in­ The United States is confronted not only while moving more rapidly in the direc­ sufficient fuel resources between now and tion of "harnessing" alternative energy the year 2000. with current energy shortages, but also April 13, 1972: Reported that testimony with the challenge of meeting our ever­ sources such as nuclear, geothermal and solar power. to date revealed "the existence of a very increasing long-range energy needs. Now serious national problem that many Members that the crisis is here, many people are Overdependence on the automobile and of Congress and much of the general public asking "Why didn't they know about this underdevelopment of public transporta­ do not fully understand or appreciate. ahead of time?"; "Why weren't they tion. April 14, 1972: Focused on the question of prepared for it?"; "Why has the Gov­ Environmental demands did not ade­ "energy versus the environment" and high­ quately recognize or realistically consider lighted the testimony of several leading ernment waited until now to do some­ environmentalists, some of whom questioned thing about it?"; and "What can be done the economic and social impacts created whether or not an energy crisis really existed. to prevent a similar crisis in the future?" by delays in construction of the Alaskan April 17, 1972: In this release I said: While Given the complexities of this energy pipeline, automobile emission control de­ not everyone agrees on the cause, the extent "crunch" and the confusion and concern vices and other measures on a society or the cure--the richest nation on earth it has created among the American peo­ which has become far too dependent on has suddenly discovered that it is 'energy ple, I want to take this opportunity to oil to meet its energy requirements. poor' and and that this new form of 'poverty' present some thoughts which may help threatens our balance of trade, our attempts To the American people, energy waste, to clean up the environment, and our desire to answer these and other questions my rather than a commitment to energy for clean, cheap energy and fuel." constituents have raised-hopefully with conservati9n, became a way of life. April 18, 1972: "While I was aware of our a view toward achieving a better and More recently, the Arab oil embargo dwindling fuel and energy resources prior more balanced understanding of what it and the problems experienced by the to these hearings, quite frankly I had no idea is all about, and how we can deal with administration in "gearing up" its et!orts of the complexity or the actual severity of it. to deal with the current fuel shortages this crisis--nor did I have any idea of the ORIGINS OF THE ENERGY CRISIS 'lateness of the hour.' We, as a. nation, have have only added to the complexities and some very serious soul-searching to do and President Nixon expressed an aware­ confusion. very little time to do it in. We must decide ness of and concern for America's energy EARLY WARNINGS whether, as our national policy, we are supplies as early as September 26, 1969, For a variety of reasons, our Nation going to direct our efforts toward meeting the when he said: now faces a serious problem that has increased demand for fuel and energy in the I believe it is essential to develop our been developing for some time, and ap­ future, or make every effort to reduce the resources, when, as we look at the Mideast parently the Government, the oil indus­ demand and consumption thereby extending and other sections of the world, many of our try, and the public failed to fully available services." oil supplies could be cut off in the event of recognize or accept the seriousness of the Despite these etiorts and other warn­ a world conflict. problem in its early stages. ings issued by many of us in the House At the same time our colleague, Sena­ With this in mind, I have asked my­ and Senate, I believe it is fair to assume tor "Scoop" JACKSON was voicing this self--did I, as one Member of Congress, now that the public could not really en­ same concern in the Congress. do enough to alert the people I represent vision an "energy crisis" at that time. To gain some ideas about why and how on the north coast of California of an I remember well, for example, that my our energy problems arose let us look impending energy crisis? Did I take the eight public statements on our energy at some "facts and figures": necessary steps to prepare for or help dilemma in that period were met with The United States, representing 6 per­ ease this crisis? Recognizing that the what I can only describe as public cent of the world's population consumes words "enough" and "necessary" contain apathy. Some people criticized my efforts more than one-third of the world's judgmental values, here is what my re­ as an attempt to divert attention from energy. search on this question developed. other issues of the day. Others "charged" Demand for petroleum and petroleum On February 19, 1972, I issued a public it was a "plot" by the major utility com­ products in the United States has been statement and district wide news releases panies and oil producers to justify price increasing at a rate of over 6 percent under the headline: "Clausen Sees Cheap increases. Overall, there was a general every year. In other words, the United Energy Ending.'' In it, I warned that-- unwillingness on the part of people to States has been doubling its energy con­ accept the fact that the energy crisis American consumers may be nearing the was serious or even real. sumption about once every 16 years. It end of cheap, plentiful energy in this country was estimated that this "geometric pro­ and that testimony just presented to the SOLVING OUR ENERGY PROBLEMS gression" of demand would exceed avail­ Congress by a House Task Force on Energy The Middle East war, the oil "cutoti" able energy supplies in 1972. and Resources revealed that the U.S. 1s and subsequent fuel allocation limita­ Current estimates indicate that while entering an era. of rapidly diminishing energy tions, plus massive "energy conservation" petroleum demand will range from 18 to resources and alarming increases in the costs messages in the media have finally 20 million barrels per day within the next of producing energy. caused Americans to realize that the year and only 11 to 12 million barrels On April10, 1972, I publicly announced energy crisis might amount to more than per day can be produced domesticallY. that the House Interior and Insular the inconvenience of an occasional fuel Domestic oil exploration has declined Affairs Committee on which I serve had shortage or power "brownout." They now by some 40 percent in the last 10 years, begun a week of congressional hearings know what some of us in the Congress while imports have risen to 35 percent of on the Nation's fuel and energy crisis have been attempting to get across for U.S. oil consumption. which I felt were of particular interest many months-in terms of our national December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41517 economy, our vital interest in maintain­ they preach." Nor should the Depart­ brought in from foreign nations 325 new ing a r·elationship with the free world and ment of Defense or any other department "supertankers" will be needed. our efforts to improve the quality of life or agency of Government be exempted At the same time, we must continue for all Americans--the energy crisis is from the energy "belt-tightening" in the process of making better use of petro­ our most serious domestic problem. which we are asking everyone to par­ leum resources by encouraging use of Many now are looking to their elected ticipate. Similarly, oil and utilities com­ smaller cars, car pools, and the develop­ representatives in the Congress and in · panies should discourage rather than en­ ment of public transportation. their State and local governments to de­ courage increased energy consumption, Similarly, we can no longer afford to velop and implement effective solutions and should contribute more of their prof­ delay efforts to revitalize our coal in­ to bring our Nation through this crisis. its and advertising dollars to promote dustry. In the words of Arnold Miller, What can we in the Congress do? We energy conservation. president of the United Mine Workers of can begin by "telling it like it is" to the In my view, these measures, together America: American people. This is the way I see with the shift in refinery production and We sit squarely on top of the largest read­ it from here: the allocation of gasoline at the whole­ ily available supply of coal on earth.... The energy crisis is serious and "for sale and retail levels ordered recently Sheer common sense should tell us to put real." It was not contrived to help the by the President; the mandatory alloca­ all our efforts into developing coal. oil industry make greater profits. It was tion of diesel and other distillate fuels; With between one-third and one-half not artificially created by the adminis­ opening of Elk Hills to increase the avail­ of the world's coal reserves, the United tration as a "smokescreen" for Water­ able supply of domestic crude oil; imple­ States can meet its energy needs for hun­ gate, as some here implied. Nor is it an mentation of daylight savings time on a dreds of years. But to put this energy attempt to halt the significant progress year-round basis; a reasonable speed potential to work, new more effective made in "cleaning up" our environment. limit on our Nation's roads and high­ and environmentally acceptable mining The energy crisis is not simply a tern­ ways; and other conservation measures techniques, improved mine safety, gasifi­ porary program. While there are steps we we can take will bring us through the cation, liquification, and efficient sulfur­ can, must, and will take to deal with im­ height of this immediate crisis, which removal techniques must be developed mediate inconveniences and shortages as I see it will extend through this win­ so that coal will become an economical, and these steps will bring a measure of ter into next year. "clean" fuel substitute. relief, we cannot afford to "kid" ourselves In this regard, there has been a great LONG-TERM ENERGY ALTERNATIVES that the problem will be completely re­ deal of discussion over the pros and These steps will help ease the energy solved in the immediate future. The cons of gasoline rationing to individ­ "crunch" we are now feeling and will energy supply problem will be with us usals and/or imposing additional gaso­ allow us to turn our full attention to for some time to come, and it will require line taxes. While there is no doubt in long-term planning research and de­ far-reaching solutions and all of the in­ my mind that we are facing serious fuel velopment of new energy sources and genuity, cooperation, understanding and shortages, and I believe we must explore technology. commitment we can muster. and be prepared to use every availabJP For example, we can vastly expand The energy crisis is more than just alternative to minimize the impact of exploration for and production of geo­ an oil shortage. The problems we face these shortages, rationing of e:asolinP thermal energy, particularly in california have resulted not only from shortages on an individual basis should be a l~c::t of petroleum, but because America is so resort. Based on information I have re­ where geothermal reserves are known to dependent on petroleum, to the exclu­ ceived, it is estimated that a gas ration­ be extensive; we can greatly improve the sion of other less expensive and more ing program might require as many a..c:: "state of the art" in nuclear power gen­ plentiful fuel alternatives. Our fuel 10,000 employees and an expenditure of eration, to include finding safer, more problems will not magically disappear many millions of dollars to operate ef­ efficient methods of disposing of or re­ even if the Arab nations resume full fectively and those of us who remember generating radioactive wastes; and we and increasing shipments of oil to the the gasoline black market of World can find ways to "harness" and utilize the United States in the near future. War II understand the many questions energy of the Sun. Accordingly our energy problem-solv­ that have been raised as to whether or NEEDED: A NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY ing approach must fulfill two basic ob­ not a rationing system that would in­ I strongly believe that all these energy jectives. First, we must deal with our sure fair treatment for everyone is even alternatives must be directed, and co­ short-term energy problems which, as I possible. By the same token, however, I ordinated and funded within the frame­ see it, are those we can effectively deal am in complete agreement with the view work of a national energy policy which with in the next few years. Then, during that a dramatically increased gasoline has the full support of Government, the the next 20 years, we must meet the tax will only hurt low-income families, business and industrial community and challenge of planning and satisfying our senior citizens, and others who can least the consuming public. In my view, such long-term energy needs. The Congress afford it. a national energy policy can and will and the Executive have recognized this In any case, these measures alone will prevent the confusing "hit and miss" ap­ challenge, and are now "gearing up" for not be enough. We must move forward proach to the energy problem-solving a massive research and development ef­ rapidly to upgrade and expand domestic efforts of the past, by establishing our fort, so that we can become a self-suffi­ oil and gas production. energy goals and a timetable for achiev­ cient nation in the energy field. In order to process increased supplies ing those goals; by allowing and requir­ SHORT-TERM SOLUTIONS of petroleum with maximum economy ing a more balanced and responsible The answers to our short-term energy and efficiency, however, we must acceler­ analysis of the environmental, economic, shortage problems lie essentially in up­ ate the construction timetable for the and social impacts of energy exploration, grading and expanding our capacity to Alaskan pipeline, expand other domestic development, and consumption; and by produce and make more efficient use of refining capacity, and modernize our serving as a focal point for the coordi­ fossil fuel resources. shipping and transportation facilities. nation of all energy-related Government For example, we must encourage max­ The need to move rapidly on these meas­ programs, policies, and activities under imum energy conservation here at home ures is pointed out in a recent independ­ one "umbrella." so that scarce resources are more effi­ ent study which made these projections: A comprehensive and far-reaching na­ ciently utilized. And if we expect the Unless current demands are checked tional energy policy must also serve as people to conserve energy, Government or reversed by 1980, the United States America's "action plan" for attaining and business should not only take the will consume 10 million barrels of oil a energy "self-sufficiency" which, in my initiative but set an example for every day more than at present. judgment, is vitally important to our American to follow. In my view, every This 10 million barrels per day in­ foreign policy negotiations and national Government official, including the Pres­ crease is the equivalent of 5 times the security interests. ident, Cabinet-level, and other high­ production expected from Alaska's Prud­ CONCLUSION: OUR ENERGY FUTURE CAN BE level officials and Members of Congress hoeBay. BRIGHT must curtail the use of gas-guzzling Gov­ Fifty-eight refineries wtl1 be required I believe the American people are re­ ernment limousines, helicopters, and jet to process this additional crude oil. sponding magnificently to the energy aircraft and otherwise "practice what If all of this additional petroleum is crisis, just as they have met the chaJ-

' 41518 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 13, 1973 lenges of other major crises our Nation But the men who signed it put their lives a great deal to do with government interfer­ a.nd every penny they owned on the line, a.nd ence in the free market. In the xna.tter o! has faced in the past. many o! them lost their fortunes, their natural gas, federal regulators kept the price However, it will not be an easy task. homes, their businesses or jobs as a. result. artificially low, which discouraged explora­ The challenge of meeting our energy But they signed. tion and encouraged consumption. At the needs both now and in the future will How many Americans would do as much same time, import quotas on oU kept us carry a high "price tag." For example, !or the long-range future o! their country from meeting the increased demand for pe­ energy economists with the Chase Man­ today? troleum. This is, of course, in addition to hattan Bank recently estimated that Would you? the environmental protestors who held up the outlay necessary to meet our pe­ the development of the Alaska pipeline which could provide us with some two million bar­ troleum demands between 1970 and 1985 rels of oil a day-who prevented full will be a whopping $1,350 billion. As I THE PROBLEMS WITH GAS development of offshore on reserves-­ said before, the days of ''cheap" energy and who promulgated anti-emissions are over. if we are to maintain our social. RATIONING standards !or automobiles and factories economic, and environmental objectives. which have created vehicles that consume But I firmly believe that if all Amer­ HON. BILL ARCHER more fuel for less performance. Thus, long before the Arab boycott-dur­ icans will positively participate in work­ OF TEXAS ing toward the energy alternatives I ing the past spring and summer-we have have outlined here today. our energy fu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES been hearing about an "energy crisis." As Thursday, December 13, 197 3 with so many other alleged "cries," the prob­ ture can a.nd will be bright. lems were brought about by government in­ Considering the total energy question. Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, there has terference in the economy. And, as with and in retrospect, America has been on been much discussion on the question other situations of this kind, those who a collision course with itself ever since of rationing gasoline as a means to con­ want to solve the problem do not call for the end of World War II. "The Land of serve energy. A perceptive analysis of an end to governmental involvement--but Plenty" suddenly is not any longer a.nd the question was recently presented in want to make it total, as with rationing. an ancient adage is about to replace a a column by Mr. Allan C. Brownfeld CLEAR THE MARKET contemporary American credo. How entitled "The Last Thing Needed is Gas­ Economist Milton Friedman notes that, "If many times have we heard the state­ oline Rationing": all Mideast oil is shut off, we shall have to do without some 10 per cent of our present ment: THE LAST THING NEEDED Is GASOLINE There's plenty more where that came !rom. oil supplies. That is no tragedy. It means RATIONING going back to the rate of consumption of Now, it has become clear that the fav­ WASHINGTON.-The Senate has passed an 1970 or 1971-when no one thought we had orite American pastime of squandering emergency conservation bill that would give a catastrophic shortage of !uel." must be stopped. We must return now to President Nixon broad authority to ration Dr. Friedman states that, "The most effec­ gasoline, reduce speed limits and cut off !uel tive way to cut consumption and encourage the wisdom of the ages that tells us to for activities he deems "nonessentla.l." production is simply to let the prices of oU "use it up, make it do, wear it out." The vote in the Senate was 78 to 6 and products rise to whatever level it takes to A recent Time essay on the energy the bill now goes to the House, where the clear the market. The higher prices would crisis said: Commerce Committee has held hearings on give each of the 210 mlllion residents of (It) has forced consumers to do something the same subject. More than likely, the the U.S. a direct incentive to economize on unprecedented-to consider tomorrow. It is a. House will follow suit. oil, to increase the supply of oU." !eat that past generations !ound impossible. In these actions there is the all too famlllar The only alternative to the free market, he To see the future and see it whole, demands abdication of authority by the Congress. As points out, is "artificially low prices accom­ the confrontation of unpalatable !acts. was done in the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution panied by governmental rationing. This (which told President Johnson to do "what­ method induces each of us to oppose the T.ime said: ever is necessary" to combat aggression in general interest rather than further it. Our Until now, "Power to the People" was only Indochina) the Congress has now told the separate incentive is to wangle as much as a slogan. Today, the American future is lit­ President to "do whatever is necessary" con­ we can from the rationing authorities ... erally in its citizen's ha.nds-ha.nds that rest cerning the energy problem. 210 million persons each with a separate in­ upon ignition keys, electric switches, purses In a democratic society, in which the voters centive to economize or 210 million persons a.nd wallets. How will America's citisens re­ elect their representatives and expect them dragooned by men with guns to cut down act? They could continue to do what they to determine national policy, this provision their use of oU--ca.n there be any doubt have always done; spend a.nd damn the con­ of a blank check to the executive may not which is the better system?" sequences. Or they could acknowledge that be good enough. If we are, for example, While not as dangerous as rationing, the the forgotten virtue of thri!t, as Ben Frank­ going to have gas rationing, then the Con­ surtax proposal would also push the nation lin preached, is not against the American gress should vote for it. It should not be further away from self-sufficiency in energy. gra1n but deep within it. le!t to the President, and his non-elected Shale oil might become economically feasi­ advisers, to xna.ke such a decision. ble, the Wall Street Journal noted, if the That, however, is more a question of who price o! crude oil reaches $8.50 a barrel, but should make the necessary choices rather only if industry can capture that $8.50. I! the WHO WOULD SIGN THE DECLARA­ than what the right choice might be. equivalent price of crude is pushed to that TION OF INDEPENDENCE TODAY? At this time, the Nixon administration is level with a surtax, the government gets spilt down the middle on the question o! the revenues and shale will remain unprofit­ gasoline rationing, with at least two top able and thus undeveloped. HON. TIM LEE CARTER officials, Treasury Secretary George P. Schultz After our experience with the failure of and Council of Economic Advisers Chairman government controls--it is surely time to OF KENTUCKY Herbert Stein, dead set against it. They rec­ give the free market a chance to work. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ommend instead a high tax on gasoline-­ Thursday, December 13, 1973 high enough to reduce consumption-With low-income Americans being able to write Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, if our Na­ o1f the gasoline tax on their income tax. THE WASHINGTON POST AND tion is to continue to be strong in the IRRATIONAL APPROACHES DETENTE years to come. it is imperative that we The !act is that gas rationing is the last strive to maintain the dedication and thing we need. A high tax on gasollne is courage exhibited by the founders of our close behind it. Both represent irrational ap­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK proaches to a real problem-approaches country. The future demands that we OF OHIO fully realize our responsibilities, and I which will xna.ke things worse, and not better. believe that the following item expresses The major argument being advanced !or IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rationing is that it is the only way to be Thursday, December 13, 1973 the importance of this matter very well: "!air" to the poor. The fact is, quite to the WHO WOULD SIGN THE DECLARATION OF contrary, that absolute equity is impossible Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, on INDEPENDENCE TODAY? to achieve. Rationing, in the long run, is Wednesday. December 12, the Washing­ Unless it ha.d been signed, there would be unfair to everyone-and to provide a. system ton Post in a front page headline stated no United States today. And no such high of rationing for the 100 million automobiles wages as Americans enjoy-the highest on on American roads would require the lnstl­ "Trade Bill Passed With Soviet Curbs." earth. And no such high standard of living, tu.tion of a huge a.nd costly new bureaucracy. In an accompanying article written by which Americans generously share with the The current oil crisis, we often forget, has Dan Morgan, a Washington Post sta:ff poor of the world. llttle to do with the Arab boycott-but has writer. Mr. Morgan makes the statement: December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41519 The administration setback came on two the farm, it is helpful, I think, to stop And this desptte government controls votes in which House liberals, concerned and take a look at the fellow American which have kept production down. about Soviet domestic repression and restric­ who puts the bread on our table. TOIL AND ITS REWARDS tions on Jewish emigration, sided with hawks So if today's young farmer reflects touches who oppose detente. An article in an International Har­ vester Farm Report does just that, and I of afHuence that have come to many Ameri­ The "two votes'' refers to the passage would like to reprint the article at this cans, he is more than entitled to his share. As Emerson sa.id, "The farmer is covetous of of the Vanik amendment restricting time. his dollar, and with reason . . . He knows credits to the Soviet Union and the de­ WHO SHALL INHERIT THE EARTH? how many strokes of labor it represents." feat of the move to remove title IV from "Most people think the farmer is a fellow No stereotype is completely unfounded, but the bill. who's got a straw hat on, a pipe or a chew the perpetuation of stereotypes is a tragic Since I do not consider myself a "House of tobacco in his mouth, and a pair of over­ fiaw. And no group suffers more deeply than liberal," I must be one of the "hawks" alls on with the tail of them out, and one the young farmer. Because the false bib-and­ Morgan is discussing. I do not mind being suspender is hooked and a pair of shoes or overalls image is what puts him, according labeled a hawk as I define a hawk in this maybe none." to a recent poll on professional status, so The speaker is a young farmer in a busi­ far down the list in terms of what urban context as an American citizen who ness suit from Alabama, an expert, like any America thinks of him. His status in the eyes guards American national security and young farmer, on the danger of stereotypes. of his fellow-Americans is part of what a realistically appraises the designs of for­ He relates the essence of the farmer's image young Ohio farmer meant when he said, "It's eign powers. today. An image that is perpetuated in spite a pretty hard thing to start out to be a As a hawk I do question Morgan's fol­ of the fact that in these times farmers are farmer." lowing statement, "hawks who oppose coming into their jobs better educated. The The danger in stereotypes is their one di­ detente." Speaking as one "hawk," I do new generation is not only well read, but mensional character. And so it would not be many are college graduates and trained in correct to begin and end the "new image" not oppose "detente" but the illusion of any number of the hundreds of farm-orient­ of today's farmer with either overalls or a "detente." And that is a very important ed programs that have emerged since World business suit. Because the farmer doesn't distinction. Web~ter defines illusion as War II. These young farmers are strong man­ wear a business suit when he's working. But "the state or fact of being intellectually agers and very cosmopolitan. then, neither do the airplane pilot or the deceived or misled" or "something that The lure of the cities for rural young cab driver or even the Shakespearean actor. deceives or misleads intellectually." This people is a fact of our century. Jobs money, You dress to fit the role. But people play is what has happened. Many have been prestige and material comfort for all have lots of parts. People are complex. been the promises of city Hfe. No man is more complex than the farmer. deceived or misled-some by their own What are the young people like who chose More often than not, he's laborer, manager, wishful thinking and some by Soviet ef­ to remain on farms? And why did they stay? carpenter, banker, repairman, employer, me­ forts. But detente has proven to be an Going beneath the stereotype, what do we chanic, weatherman scientist and more--all empty shell~an empty shell some in find? Young farmers today look like busi­ rolled into one hard-working, individual, sat­ policymaking positions and in opinion­ nessmen, act li.ke businessmen-are business­ isfied to be called "farmer." making positions are loath to recognize. men. And job satisfaction is hard to find these The Soviets, judging by their actions, More than once, young farmers ha\e told days. The latest Gallup poll on the subject recognize d·etente as a technique to ob­ International Harvester in a series of in­ says only 77% of American workers are sat­ depth interwews: "If you're farming the isfied with their job, a 10% drop from last tain Western, particularly American, same way you did two years ago, you won't year. technology to improve their industrial be farming two years from today." Ask most people why they do like their base and military might and to use every HOW DO THEY KEEP UP? jobs, and they'll probably mention income, opportunity to expand their influence at fringe benefits. Maybe occasionally the people the expense of the United States. Ex­ Most young fann operators have had some they work with. college experience----and more and more are But ask today's young farmers, and you amples of Soviet actions to back this college graduates. For instance, Gordon Ma.nn thesis are legion--Soviet arms deliveries sometimes hear a touch of the poet. of Chickasaw County, Iowa, holds three col­ Ohio again: "I think when you work land to the Middle East and support for Arab lege degrees. After earning two engineering and work livestock, you really know what cre­ oil cutoffs to the West, Soviet supply degrees and a business degree from Harvard ation is all about. Because you see life, you of weapons to North Vietnamese, grow­ University, he and his wife returned to the see life every day. You see life, creation, ger­ ing Soviet strength in the Indian Ocean farm. Like many young businessmen, young mination. You see birth, you see death, you and Persian Gulf area, Soviet submarine farmers take continuing education courses. understand what the whole universe is about, patrols off the American east coast, Hundreds of classes on vocational-agricul­ what's going on. Soviet building of new missiles, and "You know that you have to fit into this tural subjects are offered in the U.S. pattern, that you don't abuse nature. That numerous others. And non-farm business people, familiar you work with nature. And that when you We must not confuse realities with il­ with annual sales meetings, would be abuse nature, nature aborts." lusions. Our national security depends on amazed, probably, to find the equivalent in­ A young california farmer puts it this way: us being able to make these distinctions formation resource for farmers. But especi­ "We are trying to take better care of the ally during the winter, farmers gather to hear land. In other words, we would like to have and translate them into policies which about what's new, !from neighbors and guarantee our continued strength. If we the land better after each crop than the prior manufacturers. crop. And I know that practically all the do not have the will to do what is neces­ "Business Is behind a lot of this," says an sary to withstand the Soviet threat, no farmers here, the crop is in better shape after Ohio farmer. "Fertilizer companies, seed com­ they have been farming it than it was before one else will do it for us. panies, equipment companies. Because they came. So we are trying to do a better job they're in business, too, to sell their produc:ts. on it and keep the land in preference." And they're out to help the farmer to use And a Georgia farmer says: "We see the their products, to raise more and better crops. demand for our grain for Russia, China, In­ WHO IS THE FARMER? Agriculture Is a primary growth industry in dia, and so forth. It's good to be a part of the United States. They've had the greatest knowing that what you are producing is increase of production pe.r man since World needed. And not only needed, but the bare HON. J. J. PICKLE War II that there is." necessity of life. We can do without a lot of True enough. In 1950, the U.S. population things. Food we cannot. And everyone of us OF TEXAS was 151,325,798. By 1970, we had 203,211,926 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are a part in unity here of accomplishing a people-a growth of 34 per cent in twenty part that's more important than defense. Thursday, December 13, 1973 years. Farmers, working 48 million fewer More important than any segment of our acres since 1950, and working 6.5 billion hours Mr. government, and that's our bare existence Mr. PICKLE. Speaker, it is a long compared to 15 billion hours in 1950, fed from food." way from Wall Street to Main Street, a.nd clothed more Americans in 1970. In 1950, IH has produced a film for both farm and but the distances are being cut down. one farmer fed and clothed 15 urban:Ltes, non-farm audiences, ''Farming's First Day." Just as the energy crisis makes it ob­ compared to more than 47 in 1970. And the revealing segments on today's young vious how interdependent the nations of Farm productivity between 1950 and 1970 farmer, themes keep occurring: challenge, the world have become, recent agricul­ increased by these numbers: vegetables up freedom, se11'-reliance, love. tural fluctuations make it obvious how 82 per cent; cotton, 60 per cent; Irish pota­ Where does profit stand in the picture? toes, 73 per cent; milk, 251 per cent; poultry, Probably few non-farmers have heard lt de­ interdependent are the various segments 471 per cent; beef, 127 per cent. In 1950, corn scribed this way: of our own economy. farmers got 37 bushels an acre; in 1970, pro­ "Farming you are involved with mother With the vast majority of our popula­ duction was up to 87 bushels. Wheat yields nature as well as you are never assured of a tion now living and working away from were inoreased per acre by 83 per cent. market. It is the element of marketing and CXIX--2615-Part 32 41520 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 13, 1973 weather. You are a.lwa.ys battling it. So ba­ emergence and all of this thing, you know. well, are packing places where they ca.n hee.r sically a. farmer is a. gambler. I mean, it is Everyday, everyday you learn, just like going and/ or play country music. Just like rolling the dice in Las Vegas, you to school. Everyday you learn a. new word, "You ca.n see further proof of this in musiC might sa.y. and some you can't spell, but everyday store sales. For a. long time they sold only "He plants it today, but he doesn't know there's something new that comes along. guitars. Now kids are buying mandolins, for a.t least a. minimum of ninety days how "I think this is what is fascinating, just banjos and fiddles. he's come out. He is not going to know not going to work everyday putting two bolts "The demand by younger people for Bob whether he won the toss of the dice or not. in the same hole, and you go home. Every­ Wllls memorabilia. and his contributions to But he stlli spent all his money. He put his day it's something new." folk music ranks 8lt the top. money on the table, he rolled the dice and In the farmer's immediate experience with The two-day recording sessions at Sumet it is going to take ninety days to find out seasons and generations of crops a.nd ani­ Studios was old home week in its purest whether he won or not." mals, he ca.n appreciate the natural conser­ sense. Perha.ps country-western singer, Merle Another farmer says, "I think that ma.ybe vativism of his father. Ha.gga.rd, expressed the feelings of everyone farmers in American society a.nd culture do "He's stlll with us and he's 72 years old. in a. simple but eloquent wa.y when he said, not necessarily measure by monetary values. But there's still a. lot of knowledge in a man's "I am here out of love a.nd respect for Bob Just about how you go about things and have head when he's 72 years old that you just Wills. If it were not for this man I would not some pride in what you have done, and if you don't get in 36. Sometimes it's a hindrance. be where I am today." feel like you've done your best and try to They stlll remember the Depression a. lot. But Four of the original Texas Playboys, Leon preserve what na.tura.l resources we have and that's what parents are for, to make you stop McAulif, Smokey Dacus, Al Strickland and you try to utilize them in a. wa.y that would and think. Not to tell you what to do, but Eldon Shamblin took part in the sessions be beneficial to everybody else." talk to you." this week. Other names ea.slly recognized by So, huge gamble notwithstanding, today's Many times, of course, the generations the middle-aged generation-Johnny Gimble, young farmer has ma.de a. commitment to his confront one another. Because it's not very Keith Coleman, Leon Rausch a.nd Hoyle job, and to himself. In city life, he finds no often that a. young farmer will move very far Nix-were present. attraction. Although some have tried the from where he grew up. He knows that land, Nix, a. long time friend of Wllls, and who life. and to him, that land is better than any ca.n simulate Wllls' voice so that it is prac­ "I wasn't a. farmer a.ll my life. I spent 13 other. "Everybody's from someplace and tically impossible to tell the difference, years in a. factory, and it just got to me; I that's the way you are. dubbed in for him at the second session. quit. Everyday the same thing over and over. You're here and so you're here." Late Tuesday, just as the group was about Never a. chance to go anywhere. Having some­ to tape the Wills classics, "San Antonio body tell you what you have got to do all the Rose" and "Faded Love," word came to the time; when you have got to do it; how you're studio that Wllls had suffered another severe supposed to do it." stroke a.t his Fort Worth home. "I could see, all these other people going to A BOB WILLS TRmUTE They completed "Faded Love". But with work a.t 7 o'clock and coming back a.t 6 and Nix's voice giving forth with Wills' "Ah •• I sa.td to myself, 'If that's a.ll life has got in ha", in "Se.n Antonio Rose", the music sud­ store for me, it ain't going to be worth living.' HON. CLEM ROGERS McSPADDEN denly stopped. There wasn't a dry eye in the And these people running around these cities, studio. OF OKLAHOMA "A moment like this wlll never happen they don't know what the world's a.ll about." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Whatever negative aspects of farming a.re again," commented an old friend, Ha.rry cited, the farmers always return to the fact Thursday, December 13, 1973 Fenstema.ker. "It got to everybody. It struck that they love the land and their life with a chord in on everyone's heart." the land. Mr. McSPADDEN. Mr. Speaker, under The legacy that Bob Wllis has given the "I think there is one other satisfaction and the leave to extend my remarks in the world can best be described in his own words. that is working with nature. You a.re with REcoRD, I include the following Floyce "I slurred my fiddle to play the blues." the son and with the animals and that is Korsak article, a "Bob Wills Tribute­ different, working with animals, that it is Recording a Musical Legacy." working with people. You talk to them a.nd BoB WILLs TRIBUTE-RECORDING A MusiCAL they don't talk back. And I like this thing LEGACY STRONG MORAL LEADERSHIP of getting up early in the morning in the NEEDED IN ENERGY CRISIS summertime and getting outside where the (By Floyce Korsa.k) air is fresh and clean. That is the part of it Back in the early 30s when America. was a.t I like." its lowest ebb in a depression, a Texas farm SONS OF FATHERS boy picked up a. fiddle, listened to the home­ HON. PAUL FINDLEY spun music of his elders; the songs of the OF ILLINOIS Toda.y's young farmer is the son of his blacks in the cotton fields of West Texas and father, the son of his forefathers, and the son to the different drummer in his own heart. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of these times. He's a. Thoreau with 20th Cen­ Bob Wills and his fiddle ga.ve birth to a Thursday, December 13, 1973 tury enterprise. For all his understanding of brand new folk music, country-swing, that "a. time to every purpose under Heaven," he helped the country sing and da.nce as it Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, the strike ha.s to move fast. worked its way out of a trying time. and highway blockages by truckers in For all this, the farmer can't be consid­ Through the intervening years, the appeal utter disregard of pubic welfare demon­ ered larger than life. Like the rest of Amer­ of country music has always held strong in icans, he's confronted with debt, taxes a.nd strates what hapens when a nation loses broad segments of the nation, but in recent confidence in its leaders. These actions other enormous problems. He has to rent months, with the economic and emotional much of his land because it's too expensive barometer o! the la.nd again at low ebb, there argue more eloquently than words for to buy-if he can find it to buy. has been almost phenomenal resurgence the speediest possible conclusion of the But, unlike most Americans, the farmer o! its popularity. This is particularly true congressional investigation of President works with life. And the young farmer, ar­ among young people. Nixon-in the words of Senator AIKEN, ticulate and self-aware, knows he's lucky to Thoughts like these were threaded through "Impeach the President or get off his understand what others don't. the conversations of a score or more of musi­ "Now the big kick is the pollution kick, back." If impeachment is the result, cians who played with WUls, a.nd personnel which I doubt, then evidence of impeach­ environment a.nd all this. Why this is noth­ from United Artists who gathered this week ing new for farm people. They've worked at Sumet Sound Studios to cut two albums able offenses should be presented to the with environment all their life, cause they o! classics made famous by Wills and his House. So far that has not been done. If, know that nature is boss. And this is their Texas Playboys. as I suspect, impeachment is proved not livelihood. And it doesn't take them long to Wills himself, who has been disabled by a. warranted, then the President's critics understand this. When you really appreciate stroke, was well enough to come to the studio should get off his back and permit him what nature does, what it has to offer, other for a few hours and contribute his classic to cope with the immense challenge things fall in place." trademark "Ah .. ha. .." to a. few o! the The fathers of young farmers, like the melodies. which is before him and the Nation. majority of fathers at this point in time, Lynn Schlts, who heads sales a.nd promo­ This winter, and the coming few years, knew the Depression. And getting money out tion !or United Artists in Nashvllle, says may require more Presidential leader­ of their land had a. different meaning than there has been a. tremendous increase · in ship than our Nation has needed since today. Because today's young farmer thinks sales of country music among young people. the days of the Great Depression and as much in terms of putting money Into the "Young people," he says, "are groping for World War II. Americans who have lost land, in equipment and chemicals. Machines the past. They are looking for a base to ha.ng faith in the President are unlikely to and materials their fathers never knew. on to. I remember how I enjoyed sitting and "My dad has been out of farming and out talking for hours to my grandparents. This heed his pleas that they turn down their of the state for 20 years. And he understands satisfied a need for security. I just don't thermostats and conserve scarce energy the basics, but I deal with words he never think kids have that now. supplies. Yet, that is exactly what must had to contend with. Pre-emergence, post- The youth of America., and Europeans as be done. Only Congress has the ability December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41521 to restore publlc confidence in the Presi­ for-and then some-from the COLC and much interested in charting the flow of in­ dency. judging from what 1s to be read in the news­ ternational oil and, indeed, the Bureau ot Publlc disenchantment with the insti­ papers there will be more of the same from Mines has had only one minerals specialist tutions of Government is growing. The the Federal Energy Commission. The plans assigned to the task. for gasoline allocation and rationing seem As for the data available from foreign following letter from a small illinois on to be just as fouled up-give as little as countries, it 1s even more sketchy than that distributor indicates the depth of publlc possible to the poor and make it available for the United States. And naturally the in­ concern. It also indicates why Congress to the wealthy who can afford to pay a formation 1s not subject to independent must get the impeachment question higher price or an additional excise tax. It checks. settled and out of the way, .so that the is all very disgusting. Protests are begin­ Then, too, refineries may receive crude on President can go about the business of ning to spread beyond the grumbling stage, from a half-dozen different countries. The leading the Nation through the energy and I think the truckers blockage of high­ oil fs pooled for refinery runs and the gaso­ ways 1s just the tip of the iceberg. Most of line, home heating oil and other products crisis: the truckers who complain, among other turned out actually are derived from both Hon. PAUL FINDLEY, grievances, about high diesel fuel prices are Arab and non-Arab oil. House oj Representatives, probably unaware that it is the large on How then does the Interior Department Washington, D.C. companies who with government encourage­ come by its refinery statistics? DEAR CONGRESSMAN FINDLEY: Perhaps you ment are unrestrained in price increases. Largely from the on companies themselves, are unaware of the bitterness and disgust The resellers margin has been pegged for an Interior Department omctal acknowledged, of the heating oil consumer. They cannot months. adding: "We try to pick up statistics wher­ understand why the Cost of Living Councn I am a ware of your efforta in behalf of the ever we can. But you can guess to a degree." permits and in fact encourages repeated gasoline dealer and the on jobber in the And that is st111 another reason for all heating oil price increases while those heat­ past and I want to express my sincere thanks. those confiictlng figures coming out of Wash­ ing with natural gas anci electricity do not I hope that you and other members of the ington. share in the increased costs of energy. In Congress can correct some of the inequities Although the Bureau of Mines maintains addition, beginning Dec. 27 they are allo­ I have described. data on the source of crude oil going into cated 15% less fuel oil while those heating Sincerely yours, refinery centers in the Caribbean area-which with gas and electricity are only asked to accounts for a sizable volume of United reduce their consumption but their supply 1s States imports-the information from else­ not reduced. where around the world 1s vague. The COLC, and apparently the newly cre­ In some countries, like Israel and South ated Federal Energy Commission, reasons IMPACT OF Oll.J EMBARGO IS Mrica, oil statistical matertal is considered that with higher prices less heating oil w111 ''DISTORTED'' secret. Countries ll.ke Iran, a major oll pro­ be consumed and that refiners will produce ducer, do not publish information showing more fuel oil and less gasoline. The fact the final destination of all of their exports. that the home users supply is being reduced HON. JOSHUA EILBERG There are reasons for all this secrecy. Iran, 15% and other classifications of users is be­ OF PENNSYLVANIA for example, which borders the Arab state of ing reduced various amounts makes less con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Iraq, for years has been sending oil around sumption of fuel oil mandatory, so that Arab lands into Israel. Neither government higher prices are not needed to achieve this Thursday, December 13, 1973 wants to acknowledge the shipments. objective. As far as the argument for higher Mr. En.BERG. Mr. Speaker, after But the figures the Bureau of Mines has prices for fuel oil to encourage higher per­ pulled together for the Caribbean area-the centages of production is concerned, in the Watergate the energy crisis is probably single largest foreign supplier of finished pe­ Wall Street Journal of 12-3-73, M. A. Wright, the most talked about subject in America troleum products to the United states-at Chal.rma.n of Exxon, states that "distillate today. least offer some indication of the amount of production from available crude currently is Unfortunately, like Watergate, the Arab oil included in refined products that being maximized". And Standard of Indiana truth about this crisis is a very elusive are imported. in full page ads in major city newspapers thing. However, a copyrighted article was During 1971, the most recent year for which state, "We are producing as much heating oil published in the Philadelphia Inquirer figures are available, a refining complex in as we can, and investing heavily to produce on this subject. This outstanding piece the Netherlands Antilles received 751,000 bar­ even more." Perhaps other major oil com­ rels of crude oil daily from a.t least six dif­ panies are already producing as much mid­ was written by Donald L. Barlett and ferent sources. dle distlllate as they can and if not they James B. Steele and it dispels many of The largest supplier was Venezuela, which should be ordered to. In this critical en­ the myths about the energy crisis. shipped in 613,000 barrels a day, or 81 per­ ergy crisis why should additional incentives It also raises some very disturbing cent of the refinery center's total input. in the way of higher profits on fuel oil be questions. The article points out that Other crude oil came from Brazil. Gabon offered to spur its production when tre­ the Nixon administration has been issu­ and Nigeria. And there were 33,000 barrels mendous increases in profits is already being ing conflicting statistics and statements a. day that came from some unaccounted­ realized by the refineries? constantly about this problem and that for source. According to a report on a St. Louis TV Only 5,000 barrels a day, or 1 percent of station, in the St. Louis area, of which we the needs and interests of the major mul­ the oil the refinery complex received da.lly. are a part, about 10% of the homes are tinational oil companies are in conflict was shipped from an Arab country, in this heated by oil and approximately 90% is with the needs of the American people. case Libya. heated by natural gas and electricity. Most My subcommittee will shortly be look­ WHAT COULD BE DONE of those heating with oil live in older homes ing into one aspect of this problem, the At another Caribbean refinery center. this and are people in the lower income group. Interior Department's administration of one in Trinidad, the shipments of Arab crude These are the people who have to suffer the the oil reserves located under the OUter oil were much higher. The center received double penalty of a 15% reduction in supply Continental Shelf. There are indications 293,000 barrels of crude oil daily, of which and unrestained price increases. They can­ 154,000 barrels, or 53 percent, originated in not understand why they are being singled again, that the needs of the oil companies Saudi Arabia and Libya. out to suffer this burden and the only are not the same as those of the people The remaining 139,000 baiTels a day came explanation we can give is that our margin of the United States. from eight different countries-Venezuela., remains constant and it is the suppliers who Yesterday I inserted the first half of Iran, Angola, Gabon, Indonesia, Brazil, Co• raise prices-with the encouragement of the the report published in the Philadelphia lombia and Nigeria. g_overnment. Since January of this year Shell Inquirer. At this time I insert the con­ But while Arab crude oil accounted for 53 has raised heating oil prices 6.7 cents per cluding portion: percent of the crude oil sent to the refinery gallon, which is in excess of 50%, and the FOCUS ON OVERSEAS SALES HURT DOMESTIC center, the United States imported only COLC and the Federal Energy Commission 1s MARKET 217,000 baiTels of petroleum products a day, encouraging further increases. Does that or 54 percent of the refinery's total produc­ make sense to you? Mr. Dunlop's objectives UNITED STATES DOES NOT KNOW tion. seem to be pneumonia and bankruptcy for The popular predictions of assorted na­ And therein rests another fascinating as­ the poor. tional disasters brought on by the Arab shut­ pect of the Arab boycott: The multinational In contrast to concessions to the large oil off seem to grow naturally out of the 1nfiated American oil companies play a major role in companies, nothing has been done to allevi­ statistics tossed around casually by the fed­ policing the oil embargo for the Arabs. ate the plight of the small gasoline dealer eral government's oil policy authorities. For in theory, at least, the Trinidad re• and oil jobber whose margins remain con­ While it 1s possible to come up with rea­ finery center could take the non-.Arab crude stant while product availability decreases sonable estimates of the amount of crude oil oil, refine it and export the finished products imported into the United States directly from to the United States. and operating expenses increases. It is un­ Arab states, such is not the case when it It then could take the Arab oil, process it derstandable why the smalls keep griping comes to computing the volume of products and ship the refined products elsewhere about the favoritism shown big business. It refined in other countries from Arab crude around the world, to those countries not un­ appears that the major oil companies have oil and then shipped here. der the Arab embargo. been getting just about every thing they ask The federal government never has been There is, though, another way in which the 41522 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 13, 1973 international oil companies control the companies to secure more foreign oil exotic sources such as shale oil and tar worldwide flow of oil, and that is through holdings. sands. Nor does it include the massive coal their huge tanker fleets. After the war, the oil companies made a supplies which can be converted into gas. If the companies were so disposed, and if fundamental shift in their worldwide distri­ Oomputing all tp.ese sources together, the Arab cutoff had created truly serious bution system of crude oil due to rising pro­ there are sufficient supplies of petroleum problems, then tankers carrying Arab oil duction in the Middle East. Increasingly, to keep the country running for centuries. could be directed to those refining centers they shifted that oil into Europe, a market While developing the Arab oil reserves and producing petroleum products for countries that previously was served by oil from the making much of the world overly dependent not under the embargo. United States and Venezuela. on them for supply, the multinational oil Similarly, tankers carrying non-Arab oil Since then, of course, Arab oil has played companies were ignoring other promising could be steered to refining centers process­ an ever greater role in the economies and and more politically-stable petroleum re­ ing crude oil for distribution in the United life of European nations, with the oil com­ gions such as the Canadian Arctic. States. panies investing b1llions of dollars to supply To this day, the little exploratory work But the trading off of oil shipments can their growing market there and in Asia.. that has been undertaken in the Canadian work both ways. If the multinational oil Much of the development has come at the Arctic has been done largely by a consor­ companies wanted to emphasize American expense of the United States. tium made up of the canadian government dependence on Arab oil, then tankers car­ In the case of Exxon Corp., for example, and independent canadian on interests. rying Arab oil could be directed to refining the company increased its already sizable The consortium. Pa.na.rctic Oils Ltd. of complexes that normally would use non-Arab reserves in the Middle East and Africa, most­ Calgary. has so far discovered five major gas oil. ly in Arab states, from 24 billion barrels in fields in the Arctic islands, and the com­ Last year, the largest exporter of crude oil 1963 to 34 b1111on barrels in 1972. pany estimates it has found roughly 10 trn­ and petroleum products to the United States At the same time, Exxon's Unlted States lion cubic feet of natural gas. was Canada. The second largest exporter reserves increased only slightly, from 5.1 bil­ Pa.narctic believes it must find about 80 was Venezuela.. lion barrels to 5.5 bllllon. Such figures help trillion cubic feet -to make a pipeline eco­ In fact, these two countries accounted for explain America's slide from self-sufficiency. nomical. Geologists have estimated total re­ imports of 2,068,000 barrels da.ily-or well But the explanation as to why the mul­ coverable natural gas reserves in the Arctic over twice as much as the United States re­ tinational oil companies have continued to islands at 342 trillion cubic feet. ceived from Arab countries. explore and develop the oil reserves of Arab As an indication of the size of Pana.rctic's But such is not the case with America's states while ignoring other regions is found natural gas finds to date, the company has five largest international oil companies, in the nature of the oil industry itself. found enough gas to provide residential and which last year produced well over 6,000,000 The oil industry has a. herd instinct, not commercial heating to Philadelphia. for 200 barrels of crude oil dally in Arab countries. unlike the 19th century gold rushers who years. A Bureau of Mines official told The In­ flocked to the Yukon and California. in "The major international oil companies quirer that although the figures for the Ca­ search of quick fortune. were noticeable by their absence, though ribbean refineries are for 1971, and the vol­ "It's not really a. very sophisticated indus­ they surely knew of the area's potential,.. ume of oil processed has changed, there is try," said Donald L. Campbell, a vice presi­ said R. G. S. Currie, a. vice president of Pan­ no reason to believe that the percentages dent of J . C. Sproule and Associates of Cal­ arctic, in a. paper given last May in France. of distribution have changed. gary, Canada., a geological consulting firm. He also offered an explanation for the com­ He said a survey of the 1972 operations "It has a. follow-the-leader psychology." panies' lack of interest: of a Virgin Islands refinery complex showed Campbell said substantial exploration was "It is understandable that companies about the same percentage of crude oil im­ underway in Canada's lower Mackenzie Val­ having large reserves of low cost oil, in for­ ports by country as in 1971. ley above the Arctic Circle in the late 1950s. eign countries of unstable government, REASON FOR SITUATION Then oil was discovered off the coast of would prefer to produce and market these With all of the talk about American de­ southern Alaska and in the North Sea. The reserves first rather than spend large sums pendence on Arab oil, it is important, per­ oil rigs soon disappeared from the desolate ot money to find more oil at home, which north and were on their way to the new would only serve to reduce the market !or haps, to keep a. few other statistics in mind. the foreign crude." The growing bind the American oil com­ strikes, he said. Not only is exploration easier in coun­ With their interests tied so closely to the panies now face in the Arab world is the tries around the Persian Gulf than in less Middle East's future, it is not surprising result of some two decades of multibillion accessible regions, but the oil wells in the that some of the on companies publicly dollar expansion of the Middle East oil Middle East flow with incredible force. Thus, urged the United States this summer to give reserves. production costs are much cheaper than in the Arabs more support in working out a. It was during the early 1920s, when the places such as Texas. peace settlement with Israel. United States once before feared it was ex­ hausting its domestic oil reserves, that the That powerful economic attraction of Mid­ "There must be understanding on our part dle Eastern oil development in the past has of the aspirations of the Arab people and federal government urged major oil com­ created the mistaken impression that the more positive support of their efforts toward panies to obtain oil reserves in foreign coun­ Middle East is the only place left in the peace in the Middle East," Otto N. Miller, tries, including the Middle East. world with sizable oil deposits. Such is not California. Standard's president, wrote to A worried Herbert Hoover, then Secretary the case. stockholders and employes in July. of Commerce, met with oil industry leaders In the United States alone, roughly only on August 16, 1921, in Washington and a third of the oil that has been found in stressed the need to obtain secure sources the country's history has ever been pro­ of foreign oil under the control of American duced. The rest is stlll in the ground. The FIT IT TO THE CLOTH companies. on industry has always maintained that it "Unless our nationals reinforce and in­ is uneconomic, in most cases, to extract crease their holdings abroad," Hoover said, more than one-third of a. reservoir's oil. "we shall be dependent upon other nations But that does not mean the oil cannot be HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY for the supply of this vital commodity within produced. In fact, the Quaker State 011 Re­ OF MISSOURI a measurable number of years ... We must fining Corp. of Oil City, Pa., has been con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES go into foreign fields in a. big way." ducting tests for several years to increase Aided by the United States State Depart­ the amount of oil recoT)'ered from oil re­ Thursday, December 13, 1973 ment, the on companies had soon done just servoirs. that. Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, there has been A company official said most on eventually much discussion as to whether the All The department conducted extensive nego­ can be recovered. "It's really just a matter tiations with the British, who already had of economics," he said. "The trick is to get Volunteer Military Force has been work­ a. foothold in Iran where on was discovered the price down far enough to equal the price ing well. As one who supported the con'­ in 1908, to open the door for American com­ of crude." cept of an All Volunteer Army. I think it panies to explore for oil around the Persian Or put another way, as the prices of pe­ is workable. · Gulf. troleum products rise, the companies wm The St. Louis Post-Dispatch in an edi­ Even so, a glut of oil discoveries in the begin extracting the on that is more ex­ United States in the 1920s and 1930s dam­ torial on December 7 points out that the pensive to reach and the nation's reserves main obstacle to this system working pened interest in the Middle East as Ameri­ figure wlll go up once again. can companies were hard-pressed to sell all properly "is that the Pentagon is still the oll they had found back home. Indeed, even it there were no more oll trying to impose the all-volunteer con­ American companies reported major oil discoveries 1n Alaska. or elsewhere 1n the cept on the existing military structure. discoveries in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia 1n United States, there remains enough oil in which is based on obsolete foreign policy 1938, but it was not until after World War II the ground to keep the country running well that productio:l began to rise dramatically, into the next century. assumptions and the luxury of an un­ from roughly 700,000 barrels daily then to And that does not include the substantial limited supply of involuntary man­ 12,300,000 dally by 1973. offshore oil deposits--which are at least five power!' Once again, in the 1940s, as it had in the times greater than the present proved re­ The Post-Dispatch offers some alter­ 1920s, the State Department played an active serves of the country. Nor does it include the natives for making the system operative. role in encouraging the multinational oil huge reserves 1n the Arctic, nor the more I want to share this editorial entitled "Fit December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41523 It To The Cloth" with my colleagues. The cles writen about the Pharises-the first more than nine years old, Hugh had eyesight, editorial follows: from The Sunday Columbus rge Weiss, major domo of the Yankees, I have therefore introduced legislation the New York sports scene. His incisive as "Lonesome G«>rge." The name stuck, and lively coverage of the always varied much to WeiSs' irritation, recalls Max Ka.se, which would assure an independent eval­ who was his boss on the Journal American. uation of our energy needs and an inde­ and exciting New York sports world de­ "He had an origina.l way with words," Ike pendent evaluation of how we can meet lighted readers for almost 30 years. Gellis, Post sports editor, points out. "The these needs. Jimmy Cannon was able to capture in young writers of today were students of his In this regard, Mr. Speaker, I would words many of tbe significant events style and his prose, and how he put it all like to introduce into the RECORD, a letter which occurred during the ·years he together." I recently received from Local 1-5 of the wrote, :first for the Journal American WAS DAILY NEWS COPYBOY Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers Inter­ and later the New York Post. What Born in the Village, April 10, 1910, to national Union which sets forth many of avid sports fan could ever forget, Jim­ Thomas J. and Loretta. Monahan cannon, the very relevant questions that must be my's dramatic coverage of such monu- Jimmy started his newspaper career in 1926 41528 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 13, 1973 with the New York Dally News as a copy books on American ships and shipping, With the Revolution things were d11ferent. boy. Though seriously debllitated by a stroke, Mr. Frank 0. Braynard: The bars were down and American maritime enterprise was quick to respond. An 80-ton suffered as he was preparing to go to the SIUPs MADE AMERicA Kentucky Derby in May O'f '72, Jimmy was sloop not much larger than a lifeboat on a until recently writing a weekly column for (By Frank 0. Braynard) modern liner sailed from the East Coast, the New York Post, the paper he served as Ships made America. Ships are in our crossed the Pacific and reached Canton, com­ columnist from 1946 to 1968. blood. Without ships there would have been manded by Steward Dean. The year was During hiS long and active career, cannon no "New World." 1784 and Captain Dean and his 15-man crew also worked for the World Telegram, Inter­ The bicentennial is a fine time to remem­ led the way for an era of maritime expansion national News service, P .M., and twice for ber this because America has drifted away that shocked British maritime interests to the Journal-American. He left the Post to from its maritime birthright. Today many their innermost being. The Experiment was succeed the late Blll Corum as sports col­ Americans have forgotten what we owe to the name of Dean's craft, and her arrival was umnist on the Journal American. When the ships and to the sea. The foundation for something of a sensation. She swung into her Journal-American-World Telegram-Tribune our nation was laid not on rock but on the assigned wharf at Canton frigate fashion, combine closed, Jimmy was retained as a oceans of the world. We are a maritime peo­ with strains of martial music intermingling columnist for Hearst Headline Service. And ple, no matter how we seem to overlook it. with the piping of the boatswain's whistle following his illness and partial rehabllita­ The American Merchant Marine in the late and and with all the pomp and style of a war tion, the Post rehired him last Aprll. 18th and early 19th century was the right vessel. Because she passed through areas Before turning to sports writing, Cannon arm of our earliest national growth and where there were pirates she was armed with was copyreader and a general news reporter identity. Between the Revolution and the six guns, muskets, boarding pikes and cut­ and one of his memorable assignments was end of the War of 1812, American maritime lasses. the Lindberg kidnapping and the subsequent initiative broke ground on four major new American maritime initiative which pro­ trial of convicted kidnapper Bruno Ha.upt­ fronts. We sailed to the Orient beginning duced such voyages as that of the Experiment mann in the early 30s. the surge of expansion that would end in the and the Grand Turk that followed and many Cannon's body reposes at the Universal opening of Japan. We created the practical others was not entirely based on imagination Funeral Home, 62d St. and Lexington Ave. steamboat. We originated the packet. we and boldness for the sake of boldness. Visiting hours are today from 1 p.m. to 10 bullt the first steamship-the first steam­ One famous shipowner with a marvelous p.m. A mass will be said at St. Patrick's propelled craft to cross any ocean. name, Preserved Fish, had planned to bulld Cathedral 10:30 a.m., Friday. Burial will fol­ Since the 1920s our maritime strength has several steamboats for trans-Atlantic service low in Calvary Cemetery, Queens. Cannon 1S declined, despite the brilliance of the clipper when the Savannah was first new, but seeing survived by two brothers, Jack, and Thomas ship era. The Civll War forever it seems how people feared to send goods aboard her J., Jr. ended our greatness on the high seas. In the he turned back to san. He founded the Swal­ wars after that, the Spanish war, the first low Tall Line of salling packets and made a great war and the second world war our weak­ million. NEW BICENTENNIAL MAGAZINE ness at sea resulted in great stirring on the It is odd, but quite true, that the ship, PRAISES shipbullding front but no permanent change which bullt America, was, in turn, destroyed AMERICAN NAVY AND in our downward trend was made. It is a sad by the America it built. The famous phrase MERCHANT MARINE story of national neglect and maritime decay. by Horace Greeley-"go West, young man, go Before expanding on our four great mari­ West"-tells the story better. By binding the time accomplishments a quick review of even country together through the use of steam HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN earlier ties to the sea. The Norsemen llved on its waterways, the steamboat opened such OF NEW JERSEY in their ships. Viking ships did discover a vast area as men went inland, our money IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES America, no matter what the debunkers say. and drive went to developing the North In 986, the same year that Eric the Red led American continent. Thursday, December 13, 1973 1,000 colonists from Iceland to his "green­ The clipper ship era of the 1850s was really Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, lately, a land.'' another of his breed, a hero nam~d a step backward. We perfected the salling group deeply conscious of the American Bjarni, sighted three different lands or islands ship, stripping England of its maritime dom­ far to the south of Greenland-but did not inance in the process. But we neglected heritage started the publication of a new land, He probably was as far south as Capt­ steam. When the Civll War drove our ship­ magazine, exclusively devoted to the Cod, according to Fred Pohl, lifetime scholar ping off the high seas because of prohibitive coming Bicentennial of the American in these matters. From then on North insurance rates due to Confederate raiders, Revolution. America was seen, visited and explored for our merchant marine never revived. The editor of the magazine is my 600 years by countless Norsemen. The spirit of the early Orient traders, the friend of long-standing Dr. Z. Michael The story of Norse visits to America is only vision of John Fitch, the practical genius of Szaz, who taught as an associate pro­ partially documented, but there are many Robert Fulton, the bravery of Captain Moses who believe their exploring reached as far Rogers-all these American characteristics fessor for several years at Seton Hall were given expression in a new generation of in inland as Minnesota. Future scholars will University South Orange, N.J. The look to this thrllling era for whole new Daniel Boones, gold rush prospectors, trans­ editor-in-chief and publisher is Alex chapters of history. Continental railroad builders and Indian Ostoja-Starzewski, a former Polish Ships of Columbus and other explorers fighters. Ships of the desert, the Conestoga Baron who fought both the Nazis and have been glorified in moving pictures and wagon, took the place of ships of the sea. Communists during and after World War through artist's conceptions. In reality they Coastal shipping lasted on. It had been the n, and served as chief engineer of the were far more impressive than most people oldest part of our merchant marine, for in Communication Department with the realize. They were tiny, smaller than many colonial days the coastwise water routes were Department of Defense in Vietnam for yachts of today. They were fraU and fre­ the roads binding the colonies together. And quently they were old. The hearts that beat it was the last to go, killed by World War n 4 years. The society editor is Mrs. Maria in the bodies these ships brought across the when German submarines lurked off our Fisher whose musical career and chari­ oceans of the globe were brave hearts. It is coasts sinking ships sllhouetted against the table and social works are well known a truism, but a truism worth restating, with­ glow of our nighttime lights ashore. to Washingtonians. out these ships how impossibly crowded American maritime initiative is not dead, The new magazine is aptly called the would be the Europe and Asia of today. however. The modern merchant marine is "American Bicentennial." Its first issue is Between Columbus and his Santa Maria of showing signs of new life. The American­ 1492 and the Pilgrims and their Mayflower of invented container ship has revolutionized due to appear in January 1974 with about world cargo handling. By reminding us of 20 to 1620, ships of these interpid explorers ex­ articles devoted the American war panded the world to its present size. Ships the nation's past glories, bicentennial plan­ of Independence, traditions from colonial were the space craft of that day. The little ners hope that the nation's 200th birthday times to the recent past, the contribu­ settlement on the banks of the Kennebec may help revive our nautical pride. A great tion of industries, heritage groups, and River in Maine, known today as the Popham power cannot turn its back upon the sea. intellectuals to the building of America Colony, gained a place in history far beyond socially, economically, and culturally. what might be expected because there they The editors and publishers already is­ built the first ship ever constructed in North EGYPT, SYRIA KILL ISRAELI POWS sued a sample magazine and one of the America-the "faire pinnace" Virginia of 30 articles was printed in full. This tons. This was in 1607 and seven years later is Adrian Block built another little craft on an HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL article of particular interest as it gives island colony of Holland known as Nieuw a bird's eye view of the development of Amsterdam. The Popham colony died out, but OF NEW YORK American Merchant Marine in the late Nleuw Amsterdam prospered and 1s now New IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 18th century. York City. From. then on shipyards sprang Thursday, December 13, 1973 I insert into the RECORD the article by up all along the coast of Colonial America, the curator of the South Street Seaport but our maritime enterprise was closely .held Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, as Museum of New York, an author of 10 in check by jealous British merchants. chairman of the Foreign Affairs Sub- December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41529 committee on Europe, I have recently being undertaken by the Israeli Authorities were shot and killed. Another soldier was returned from a study mission to Israel into the treatment meted out oo the Israeli wounded. Prisoners of War by the Egyptian Authori­ IV. On 8th October 1973, a member of the and Europe. ties has already revealed a shocking chron­ garrison of the Israel Defence Forces Strong­ While in Israel I saw documents and icle of inhuman acts of cruelty perpetrated point opposite the Flrdan Bridge on the Suez photographs showing that Israeli pris­ on the Israeli Soldiers who were taken cap­ Canal attempted to surrender. He left the oners captured by the Arabs had been tive by units of the Egyptian Army, deeds entrance of the strongpoint and approached bound, blindfolded, mutilated and shot unimaginable in relations between civillzed the soldiers of the Egyptian Army with his or stabbed to death. nations. hands raised. Egyptian Troops opened fire Although the Israelis and Egyptians 3. The Government of Israel would be fe.il­ and killed him. have completed their exchange of pris­ ing in its duty if, at this stage of the V. On 8th October 1973, ten· men of the investigation it did not submit a preliminary Israel Defence Forces from a strongpotnt oners, the Syrian Government denies the report on the murders and on the monstrous situated north of Kantara-East on the Suez International Red Cross access to Is­ acts of brutality committed in the case of Canal were taken prisoner by Egyptian raeli prisoners, will not release the Israeli Prisoners of War who were in the Forces. names of those held captive and refuses hands of the Egyptian Authorities. Additional An Israeli Officer who was also taken pris­ requests for an immediate exchange of reports apd evidence to supplement the par­ oner has testified that a number of Israeli wounded. ticulars enumerated in the present complaint Soldiers remained stretched out on the I have written to Secretary of State will be transmitted to the International Com­ ground at the entrance to the strongpolnt, mittee of the Red Cross in due course. some dead and some wounded. According to Kissinger asking him to instruct our rep­ the officer, Egyptian Soldiers went up to the resentatives at the United Nations to in­ 4. WILLFUL MURDER soldiers lying on the ground and stabbed troduce a Security Council resolution The Government of Israel is in the posses­ them with their bayonets, killing the wound­ calling on Syria to fulfill Geneva Con­ sion of proven evidence indicating beyond ed among them. The Egyptian Soldiers ac­ vention requirements in the exchange of any doubt that a large number of ofll:cers and companied their foul deed With cries of joy wounded prisoners. men of the Israel Defence Forces taken and triumph. I also am calling upon our Govern­ prisoner by Egyptian Troops were deliber­ VI. On 8th October 1973, an Israeli tank ately murdered, many of them while lying was damaged by a missile near a strong­ ment and the American Red Cross to wounded and helpless. It is not open to doubt point of the Israel Defence Forces about 10 exert all their influence through other that the many instances of murder, acts of kilometers east of the Firdan bridge. Some nations and appropriate international brutality and calculated humiliation are the of the members of its crew managed to bodies to persuade the Syrian govern­ result of planned policy of the Egyptian escape from it. One of them, a tank gunner, ment to abide by the accepted norms of Authorities. A decisive proof of this may be fell to the ground in a state of exhaustion. civilized conduct in war. found in a pocket booklet for the Egyptian Two Egyptian Soldiers approached him and Israel has already released the names Soldier published on 3oth June 1973 by the kicked him in the stomach. The}" then opened Armed Forces Command of the Egyptian fire on him at close range and killed him on of all prisoners she holds and has per­ Army entitled, "OUr Religious Belief-Our the spot. • mitted International Red Cross access to Road To Victory". On Page 9 of the booklet VII. On 21st October 1973, an Israeli tank those soldiers. The fact that Syria has may be found a message of the Chief of the was hit in the Suez sector. The four mem­ refused to reciprocate threatens the General Staff of the Egyptian Army General bers of the crew and two other soldiers who fragile cease-fire and the peace talks Saad Al Shazli, addressed to the officers and were on the tank were taken prisoner. The which are scheduled to begin next week men under his command in the following Egyptian Soldiers into whose hands they in Geneva, and it leruves the families of terms: had fallen lined up the six prisoners of war captured Israeli soldiers without infor­ "Kill them wherever you find them and be and shot them point blank. All six were careful that they do not trick you, for they killed. mation as to the fate of their loved ones. are a people of deceivers, pretending to sur­ VITI. On 21st October 1973, another Israeli Mr. Speaker, I am inserting in the render so that they may overcome you and tank was hit in the Suez sector. Two mem­ RECORD at this point the text of formal kill you easily. Kill them and do not show any bers of the crew, including an officer of the complaints submitted by the Govern­ pity or mercy". rank of captain, fell into the hands of ment of Israel to the International Com­ A number of cases of proven wilful murder Egyptian Soldiers. The Israel Prisoners of War mittee of the Red Cross in Geneva and are described below. Additional cases will be were made to sit down next to each other in submitted to the International Committee as a depression in the ground. After they had to the Secretary General of the United soon as possible. been in the depression for an hour and a Nations regarding the killing of Israeli I. On 7th October 1973 the garrison of a half, one of their guards came up and with­ prisoners of war by Egypt and Syria. strongpoint of the Israel Defence Forces north out any reason shot the Israeli Offtcer in the The formal complaints follow: of Ke.ntara-East was taken into captivity. An chest. The Officer died on the spot and his DECEMBER 11, 1973. Egyptian Officer assembled the Prisoners of head fell on the shoulder of the Israeli Sol­ EGYPT KILLS IRAELI PRISONERS OF WAB War and handed them over to the Com­ dier who was sitting next to him. mander of the Local Egyptian Force. IX. On 21st October 1973, an Israel tank (Complaint submitted by the Government was hit by a missile near an Israel Defence of Israel to the International Committee This Commander drew his revolver and killed one of the captured soldiers. At the Forces strongpoint half-way between Tassa of the Red Cross in Geneva, and to the and Isma111ya. The members of the crew who Secretary General of the U.N., December same place, three other soldiers of the Israel Defence Forces who had previously been jumped from the disabled tank hid in a hole 9, 1973) in the ground nearby. Complaint by the Government of Israel taken prisoners were also shot dead by Egyptian Troops. After they had been surrounded by Egyp­ respecting grave breaches of the Geneva tian Soldiers, they surrendered and were Convention of 12th August 1949 relative to n. On 8th Ootober 1973, members of an Israel Defense Forces Unit withdrew from taken prisoner. One of them who had been the treatment of the Prisoners of War perpe­ wounded in the foot was shot and killed by trated by the Egyptian Authorities in the a strongpoint near Kanta.ra-East, in an at­ tempt to link up with the Israeli Forces. an Egyptian Soldier as soon as he noticed the course of the hostillties in October and No­ wound. vember 1973. Seventeen soldiers from this postion en­ tered a house in the town of Kantara-East. X. On 21st October 1973, a number of Is­ 1. The Government of Israel hereby sub­ raeli tanks were hit near a strongpolnt situ­ mits to the International Committee of the After discovery by Egyptian Forces, they were forced to surrender. Eight of them left the ated north of the Great Bitter Lake. The Red Cross a grave complaint respecting crews jumped from the disabled tanks into a crimes of murder, torture, acts of brutality room in which they had concentrated With their hands raised and gave themselves up to depression in the ground nearby. After they and other serious breaches of the Geneva had been surrounded by Egyptian Troops, Convention of 12th August 1949 relative to soldiers of the Egyptian Army. Nine others remained lying in the room, wounded and they surrendered and were taken prisoner. the treatment of Prisoners of war perpetrated One of the Israeli Prisoners of War, who had by the Egyptian Authorities upon IsraeU helpless. These men indicated to the Egyp­ tians in the clearest possible way their inten­ been wounded, was then shot and killed by Soldiers taken captive by Egyptian Forces an Egyptian Soldier. in the course of the hostilltles in October tion to surrender. Despite this, Egyptian and November 1973. Soldiers shot and kllled all the wounded 5. CRUEL AND INHUMAN TREATMENT 2. Information from various sources in­ soldiers lying there in cold blood. From the testimony of former Israeli Pris­ dicating crimes perpetrated upon ISraeli m. On 8th October 1973 the garrison of an oners of War who have returned from Egypt Prisoners of War in the hands of the Egyp­ Israel Defence Forces Strongpoint at the there emerges a horrifying chronicle of in­ tian Authorities came to the knowledge of southern end of the Suez Canal surrendered cessant tortures and hum111ation which were the Government of Israel during the course after their position had been surrounded by the lot of the Israeli Prisoners of War of the fighting. With the return of the Israeli U!lits of the Egyptian Army. The Israeli throughout the duration of their captivity. Prisoners of War who had been in Egyptian Soldiers came out of the entrance of the All of them report that, notably during the .captivity this information was wholly con­ strongpoint with their hands raised. Egyptian early part of their captivity, they were most .firxned. The comprehensive investigation now Troops opened fire and four Israeli Soldiers cruelly beaten all over their bodies, pa.rticu- 41530 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 13, 1973 la.rly while being transferred from the place cooked potatoes and onions. The Prisoners Arab Republic of Egypt as enumerated in where they had been taken captive to prtsons of War were hungry most of the time and this complaint. in Egypt, and during the course of interroga­ many of them lost considerable weight dur­ The Government of Israel will submit to the enquiry statements, attestations, medical tion. The cruelty and callousness of the Egyp· ing their captivity. tian Soldiers who were entrusted to look after V. SANITARY CONDITIONS reports and other evidence in support of the Prisoners of War was especially brutal. the charges contained in the present com­ The Egyptian Jailers systematically de­ plaint. They did not confine themselves to beating prived the Israeli Prisoners of War of wash­ and kicking the prisoners of war in every ing and minimal sanitary facllities. When DECEMBER 10, 1973. part of their bodies, but made a point of they were finally permitted to wash after stopping at inhabited places en route and' about three weeks in captivity, they were put SYRIA KILLS IsRAELI PRISONERS OF WAR inciting the local population to physically into a trough filled with sewage water in (Second Complaint submitted by the Gov­ assault the helpless Israeli Prisoners of War. which they were required to wash. The cells ernment of Israel to the International As a result, several of the Israeli Prisoners of the Prisoners of War were full of bugs, Committee of the Red Cross in Geneva, of War arrived at the priSons beaten and lice and other insects, whose depradations and to the Secretary General of the U.N., bruised all over their bodies, while some of deprived them of sufficient sleep. on December 8, 1973) them had open wounds in their heads caused VI. SEXUAL ASSAULTS Second complaint by the Government of by blows of rifle butts. Israel respecting grave violation of the The unbridled savagery of the Egyptian According to the testimony of some of the Prisoners of War sexual assaults, unnatural Geneva Convention of 12 August 1949 relative Soldiers is seen more than anything else, in to the treatment of Prisoners of War perpe­ the fact that they made a point of assault­ acts and sodomy were committed on a num­ ber of Israeli Prisoners. trated by the Syrian authorities in the course ing wounded soldiers more than the others: of the battles in October 1973. Many of the returned Israeli Prisoners of There are attested cases of sharp objects War have testified that Egyptian Soldiers having been inserted into the anus of Israeli INTRODUCTION kicked them cruelly on their open wounds Prisoners of war. 1. The Government of Israel hereby sub­ and even spat on them instead of bandaging CONCLUSIONS mits to the International Committee of the them. 7. It is clear from the foregoing that the Red Cross a second grave complaint respect­ 6. When the captives finally reached pris- murders and acts of brutality described ing crimes of murder, brutality and serious ons in Egypt, their Egyptian jailers made a herein were part of a deliberate policy and violations of the Geneva Convention of 12 point of competing with each other in in­ were committed in accordance with system­ August 1949 relative to the treatment to venting acts of brutality and humiliation atic instructions issued by a high central Prisoners of War perpetrated by the Syrian such as forcing the Prisoners of War to kneel authori.ty. authorities, and by Syrian, Moroccan and on the floor of the prison and lick it with 8. The murder of Prisoners of War is a Iraqi soldiers serving in Syrta, upon Israell their tongues, or urinating into the palmS serious breach of Article 13 of the Geneva. soldiers taken prisoner there. of their hands. The following is a represent­ Convention relative to the treatment of FURTHER CASES OF J.IIIURDER ative sa.mpie of the acts of brutality and Prisoners of War (The Third Geneva Con­ 2. Since the submission of the first com­ degradation as related bl the returning vention). Under Article 130 of the Conven­ plaint on lOth November 1973 fresh facts Prisoners of War. tion the wilful killing of a Prisoner of War have come to light pointing to further cases I. BLOWS is defined as a grave breach of the Conven­ of barbarous murders not previously known. The Israeli Prisoners of War were beaten tion. These facts, taken together with those re­ over all parts of the bodies, with any weapon 9. Acts of Brutality conunitted on Prisoners corded in the first complaint by the Govern­ that came to hand from rifle butts to clubs, of War and the display of Prisoners of War ment of Israel, justify at this stage the con­ Whips and palm branches. Many of the re­ to gratify public curiosity constitute a clusion that no fewer than forty-two separate turnees still bear marks of the beatings on breach of Articles 13, 14 and 17 of the Con­ cases of murder have been committed. their bodies, despite the long period of time vention. Details of the places in which the further that has passed since then. 10. The abandonment of wounded soldiers cases of murder have been discovered, and A particularly favoured means used by the on the battlefield without providing medical of the number of victiins found in each Egyptian Jailers was the beating of the treatment for them and the deliberate inflic­ place are as follows: tion of suffering or a serious abuse of the PrisOners of War over their 'heads and on the (i) NAFAH soles of their feet with rubber truncheons. body of a soldier, constitute grave breaches of Articles 12 and 50 of the Geneva Conven­ In the vicinity of the village of Nafa.h on II. TORTURE AND DEGRADATION tion of 12th August 1949 for the ameliora­ the Golan Heights, the Israel Defense Forces The Egyptian Ja.llers made a practice of tion of the condition of the wounded and sick found the body of an Israeli soldier who had putting out the stubs of their cigarettes on in armed forces in the field (First Geneva been shot while his hands were fettered be­ the necks and backs of the Prisoners of War. Convention). hind his back with telephone wire and a boot­ Some of them would order the Prisoners of 11. In accordance with the First Para­ lace. His army shirt was wrapped around his war to kneel on the ground and would then graph of Article 12 of the Third Geneva breast, his body naked. There were no per­ sit on their shoulders and order them to Convention the detaining power is respon­ sonal documents and no identity disc on the crawl the length of the room with their sible for the treatment given to Prisoners of body or near it. jailers astride them. war who fall into its hands. There is, there­ ( ii) Hermon strongpoint Another system of torture used by the ja.ll­ fore, no doubt that the Egyptian Authorities A number of revolting murders and acts ers was to perform their bodily functions bear responsib-ility for the heinous crimes on the faces and hands of the Prisoners of of brutality were perpetrated at the Israel committed by their troops. Defence Forces Strongpoint on Mount Her­ War. On several occasions they prevented the DEMANDS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF ISRAEL Prisoners of War from performing their own mon. Some of the cases were recorded in the bodily functions and brought them to a. 12. The Government of Israel ca.lls upon first complaint submitted by the Govern­ the International Committee of the Red ment of Israel. Other cases, as detailed be­ stage where they were forced to perform Cross to condeinn the barbaric and revolting low, have now come to light: these functions in their clothes accompanied crimes committed by members of the Egyp­ by the shouts and laughter of their jailers. A. It is clear, from the evidence of Syrian tian Armed Forces. Prisoners who fell into Israeli hands after m. MEDICAL TREATMENT 13. The Government of Israel demands of the Syrian capture of the Strongpoint that As described above, in a great number of the Egyptian Authorities that they give firm fl ve Israeli prisoners, with their hands tied, cases the Egyptian Soldiers did not give any undertakings and issue clear instructions to were taken into the gamesroom of the Strong. first aid treatment to the wounded PrisOn­ ensure that there shall be no repetition of point, where Syrian soldiers maltreated ers of War and even made a point of per­ the horrendous crimes described in this com­ them, struck them with riflebutts then killed sistently hitting them on their wounds in plaint and that the Government of Egypt them. order to aggravate their suffering and pain. will respect the Laws of War and the relevant The blows and the cries of the Israeli pris­ Many of the Israeli Prisoners of War re­ International Conventions. oners were plainly heard throughout the frained from asking for medical treatment 14. The Government of Israel demands of Strongpoint. in the knowledge that any such request the Egyptian Authorities that in accordance When it was recaptured the bodies of five would be answered with blows and torture. with the provisions of Article 121 of the Israeli soldier.s were found in it by the Israel Third Geneva Convention they conduct an Defence Forces. Guided by the evidence of a XV. FOOD omclal enquiry into the acts of murder and Syrian Prisoner of War who was present at During the first days of their imprison­ brutality described in this complaint and the time of the murders and o:f the burial ment the Prisoners of War were dellberately they forward a report on the matter to the of the murdered men, it may be assumed deprived of sufficient food and water. A most International Committee of the Red Cross. that these were the five Israeli soldiers killed common system of torture employed by the 15. The Government of Israel, in accord­ in that spot. The hands of all five were fet­ Egyptian Jailers was to pour a. glass of water ance with Article 52 of the First Geneva. Con­ tered, in three cases in front, in two cases be­ on the ground before the eyes of a wounded vention and Article 132 of the Thtrd Geneva hind thetr backs, with telephone wire. The prisoner of war suffering torments of thirst. Convention demands that an enquiry shall faces of all five had been shattered by bul­ When the Prisoners of War were finally given be instituted into the grave violations of lets fired at their heads from close range. food it consisted of dry bread (pitta), un• these conventions by the Authorities of the B. The body of another Israeli soldier was December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41531

found on the road from the Hermon Strong­ DESTRUCTION OF POSSIBLE EVIDENCE AS TO THE vention, they conduct an official enquiry into point to Majdal Shams. The discovery was mENTITY OF ISRAELI DEAD the murders and acts o! brutality described made on the evidence of an Israeli soldier 4. (A) The Government of Israel has reli­ in this complaint and in the complaint sub­ who had succeeded in getting away from the able information that, already prior to the mitted by the Government of Israel to the Strongpoint after its capture by the Syrians outbreak of the war, instructions were is­ International Committee o! the Red Cross and had seen his comrade taken prisoner by sued to the Syrian Army Troops to remove on lOth November 1973 and that a report on the Syrian soldiers. He had hardly got away the identity discs from the bodies of dead the matter be sent to the International when he heard a burst of fire. After the Syri­ Israeli soldiers so as to render their subse­ Committee of the Red Cross. ans were driven back, he identified the exact quent identification more dltHcult. 12. The Government of Israel demands, spot and found the body there. There is no (B) Thus in many cases, the bodies of in accordance with Article 52 o! the First doubt that the Israeli soldier had been mur­ I.D.P. Soldiers were found with all means of Geneva Convention and Article 132 of the dered in cold blood after being taken pris­ identification, including Identity Discs, re­ Th1r4l Geneva Convention, that an enquiry oner: The body way lying on its back, shirt moved. Moreover, Syrian Prisoners of War shall be instituted into the Violations of these and trousers unbuttoned, boots and socks were found to be in possession of the iden­ conventions by Syria., as enumerated in this scattered some distance away. tity cards of Israeli soldiers. complaint and in the first complaint sub­ (iii) Murder of Israeli pilots mitted by the Government of Israel to the CONCLUSIONS International Committee on lOth November 1. According to authenticated material in 5. It is patent from the foregoing that 1973. the possession of the Government of Israel murders and acts of brutality described in an Israeli pilot who parachuted into Syrian this complaint and in the first complaint territory was murdered in the precincts of submitted by the Government of Israel on STATEMENT ON THE ENERGY the mllitary airfield a.t Dumeir. He was lOth November 1973 were part of a deliberate stabbed to death by Iraqi soldiers who had policy and perpetrated in compliance with CRISIS taken part in the fighting. systematic directives issued by a high au­ 2. According to trustworthy information thority. in the hands of the Government o! Israel, siX 6A. The murder of Prisoners of War is a HON. DONALD W. RIEGLE, JR. Israeli pilots who parachuted into Syrian ter­ violation of Article 13 o! the Third Geneva OF MICmGAN ritory at dtiferent times and places have been Convention relative to the treatment of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES murdered. They were shot by bursts of small Prisoners of War. Under Article 130 the wlll­ arms fire. ful murder o! a prisoner o! war is defined as Thursday, December 13, 1973 ABUSE OF ISRAELI PRISONERS a grave violation of the convention. Mr. RIEGLE. Mr. Speaker, over the last 3. In the course o! the investigation into B. The abuse of Prisoners o! War, and few weeks, I have heard from hun­ the circumstances o! the murder of Israeli their display to gratify public curiosity are Prisoners o! War and the collection of bodies a violation of Articles 130, 14 and 17 of the dreds of thoughtful and concerned con­ of Israeli soldiers kUled on the battlefield, Convention. The torture and inhuman treat­ stituents who have raised many ques­ facts have been ascertained pointing to acts ment of a prisoner o! war are a grave vio­ tions about the energy crisis-its origins, of brutality committed on Israeli Prisoners of lation of the Convention, as defined in Ar­ dimensions, and possible duration-and War as deta.lled below: ticle 130. what can be done to ease its impact. A. The eyes of an Israeli soldier murdered C. To abandon wounded soldiers on the Recently I have devoted a great deal at the Hushneya Junction, as recorded in the battlefield, without providing medical treat­ of attention to these problems and have first complaint submitted by Government of ment for them, is a violation of Article 12 Israel, had been gouged. of the First Geneva Convention of 12th Au­ consulted with government and industry B. The lower part of the body of the Is­ gust 1949 relative to the amelioration of the spokesmen representing a wide range of raeli soldiers murdered in the Hermon condition of wounded and sick among the views. Officials from the American Pe­ Strongpoint showed numerous bruises caused members of the Armed Forces of the battle­ troleum Industry, Department of In­ by blows and kicks. field. The deliberate lnfiiction of much suf­ terior's Office of Oil and Gas, Library of C. Syrian Prisoners in our hands have tes­ fering, or a serious abuse of the body of a Congress' Environmental Policy Division, tified that Syrian Soldiers physically aobused soldier, is a grave violation o! that Conven­ and the State Department's Office of a group of twenty-four Israeli Prisoners tion, as defined in Article 50. Fuels and Energy have met with me when they were being marched from the Her­ D. The removal of identity discs from the mon Strongpolnt to the Syrian Lines: They bodies of the fallen and the making of diffi­ and my staff for extended discussions of were beaten, knifed and struck with rifie culties in respect of their location are a viola­ this problem. butts. tion of Article 17 of the First Geneva Con­ In addition, I have been in close con­ D. Another Syrian Prisoner has testified vention. tact with General Motors and other that, while the Israell ~isoners were being 7. In accordance with the first paragraph firms in Flint, Mich., to determine what taken from the Strongpoint to Damacus, the of Article 12 of the Third Geneva Convention, impact the fuel shortages are going to lorry stopped in the center of Qa.tana Town­ the detaining power is responsible for the have on employment and the general let, so that the inhabitants could look at the treatment given to prisoners of war who !all economy of the district. My district staff Israell Prisoners. According to this Testi­ into its hands. There is, therefore, no doubt mony, a Syrian ciVilian climbed on to the that the Syrian authorities bear responsibil­ has also conducted a survey of the local lorry and started pummelling the prisoners. ity for the heinous crimes committed by fuel and gasoline dealers to determine The Syrian soldiers entrusted with the trans­ Syrian soldiers. the supply situation in the area. portation of the prisoners made no attempt EVIDENCE BY SYRIAN PRISONERS In the following report, I would like to stop him. 8. The Government of Israel is prepared to summarize the results of my research E. Another Syrian Prisoner had testified to furnish the International Committee of on the energy problem and outline my that he and other Syrian soldiers trampled the Red Cross with the testimony of Syrian views on this critical national issue. upon the heads o! siX Israeli Soldiers, the Prisoners of War referred to in this com­ The report follows: crews of two Israeli tanks that had been hit. plaint, which points clearly to the identity This barbarism was committed although THE ENERGY CRISIS; BOTH A LONG AND of the perpetrators o! the murders and acts SHORT TERM PROBLEM some of the Israeli soldiers were stlll alive. o! brutality and gives particulars of the com­ F. The Government o! Israel has rellable manders who ordered these acts. The energy crisis has the potential !or be­ information that a Moroccan soldier serVing ing the most important and perhaps the with the Syrian Forces had a sack filled with DEMANDS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF ISRAEL most difllcult economic and political prob­ parts o! bodies o! IsraeU soldiers (palms and 9. The Government of Israel calls upon the lem facing the United States. While the tongues}, which he intended to send home as International Committee of the Red Cross Middle East war and the Arab oil embargo souvenirs. to take immediately the necessary steps to have brought the energy situation to the G. Syrian Prisoners have testified that an condemn the barbaric and revolting crimes "crisis" stage, our country has !a.st been ap­ Israeli soldier taken prisoner in the Hermon that have been described in this complaint proaching a serious energy shortage. Strongpoint and badly wounded in the and to ensure that proper and full protection As one indicator of this, economists study­ stomach was interrogated by the Com­ is extended to Israeli Prisoners of War. ing energy use in the United States have ob­ mander of the Syrian Battalion which had 10. The Government o! Israel demands of served a change in the relationship between captured the Strongpoint in person. Next the Syrian Authorities that they give firm BTU's of energy consumed and national morning the prisoner was found dead o! his undertakings and issue clear instructions to production over the previous five years. Prior wounds in the very place in which he had ensure that there shall be no repetition of to 1969 as the gross national product (GNP) been left. the horrendous crimes described in this com­ grew from. year to year, the amount of H. Most o! the murdered Isra.el1 soldiers plaint and that the Government of Syria will energy annually consumed !or each unit of were found in the battlefield unclad, only in respect the Laws of War and the Interna­ GNP decreased. However, beginning 1n 1969, their underpants. There 1s no doubt that be­ tional Convention. this trend was reversed. Now we find that fore k1111ng them, the Syrian soldiers had 11. The Government of Israel demands of the amount of energy consumed for each stripped them of their uniforms as an act the Syrian Authorities that, in accordance unit of GNP has been increasing each year of humiliation and dishonor. with Article 121 of the Third Geneva Con- instead of decreasing. This 1s partly ex- 41532 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 13, 1973 plained by the greater "non-productive" use quarter of 1973, imports represented 35% distributors indicated that there was no of energy-such as for air-conditioning and of the U.S. petroleum supplies and were serious supply problems, although two gaso­ the use of poorer quality oil which requires growing rapidly. Some experts anticipated line suppliers were having difficulty getting a greater investment of energy to obtain the imports reaching 7.4 mlllion barrels per day, gasoline supplies. This is a very early survey same amount of energy. Based on this and or 39% of the U.S. petroleum supplies by the however, and an effect of the Arab embargo related findings, economists project that it first quarter of 1974. Others predicted that wlll not be felt until the beginning of Jan­ would only be a matter of years before domestic needs would require 8.4 milllon uary when the winter climate is known. national consumption would outrun our barrels per day in the first quarter, further From all reports, the United States can available supply, and we would face a serious increasing our reliance on foreign imports. expect a serious shortage of fuel oil this energy shortage. The second and in many respects the most winter, and the Midwest will be one of the A useful way to examine the energy prob­ important aspect of the energy problem 1S areas that can expect to feel it most. lem is to break it into two separate problems. the short-term "crisis" caused by the Arab­ There have been many projections of un­ The first is the long term problem of the Israeli war. The effect of the Arab embargo employment increases because of the energy next fifteen years and beyond; the second of oil to the United States is difficult to de­ crisis. The National Petroleum Council pro­ is the immediate crisis which suddenly con­ termine as the political situation is chang­ jected 7.5--8% unemployment if the embargo fronted us with the worldwide shortage of ing dally. At this time, the latest reports lasts through the first quarter of 1974. Other crude on caused by the Arab on cutbacks. promise a. partial lifting of the embargo If estimates range from 6% to 14% unemploy­ The long term problem can best be de­ the United States "guarantees" the with­ ment depending upon different predictions scribed as finding a way to get the world's drawal of Israeli force from all Arab lands about a number of unknowns-such as du­ ample supply o! energy reserves from the occupied in the 1967 Middle East war and ration of the embargo, how cold the winter areas where it is located to the places where the October 1973 war. However, if and when will be, how much oil will be available from It is needed-in needed quantities, in en­ such a withch'awal begins is highly specula­ Europe, and how effective our allocation vironmentally desirable forms, and at an tive. A great deal hinges on the Ara.b-IsraeU system wlll be. economical cost. The long term problem has talks opening in Geneva this month. In my district of Flint, Michigan, General actually been with us for some time but all Whlle the United States imported only Motors plant officials announced that 14,000 of the evidence indicates that steps to avert 2 lf2 % of its oll needs from the Middle East workers will be laid of! for at least a week a future fuel shortage were not being taken. in 1972, this percentage had increased to 6% in December. The lay-of! is the result of a I would also note that for a number of in 1973 and some believed would reach 10% decision by GM to stop production of full­ years the United States' refining capacity has if the war had not interrupted trade. Indi­ size and intermediate size ca.rs for a week been dlminishing as few refineries were built rectly, the United States had actually re­ at 16 plants, including the home plants of to replace old ones, and the need for ports ceived a. much higher percentage of its oil Buick, Pontiac and Oldsmobile. Slack de­ capable of handling superta.nke:-s was not from the Middle East when you include oil mand for the larger cars, and the uncertain met. What is more discouraging is that re­ that is refined in Canada, Western Europe, psychology of the consumer was cited as search into new sources of energy and meth­ and the Ca.rrtbean. The indirect and direct the reason for the lay-offs. ods of producing energy compatible with en­ imports total over 20%. In a. recent report, GM officials indicated vironmental standards has not been ade­ Currently our domestic production of oil that they were planning on a lower sales po­ quately supported by the Federal govern­ meets about 70% of our present oil needs. tential for the year 1974 than they had esti­ ment or private interests. However oil companies maintain that our mated earlier. Total sales were estimated in As we all know this problem of fuel short­ domestic sources of on--excluding Alaska the range of 13 to 13.5 million units or about age started to catch up with us last winter. and the continental shelf-are already fully 8% to 12% below calendar-year 1973. The Even though the winter was an unusually tapped, and any increase in demand must be total would be composed of 10 to 10.5 million mUd one, there were instances of fuel on met by increased imports. passenger cars and about 3 million trucks­ shortages. If the winter had been normal This situation made us very vulnerable to total sales stlll above any sales prior to 1972. or colder than normal, we could have ex­ the embargo of on by the Arab oil-producing m. SHORT TERM APPROACHES TO THE ENERGY perienced Widespread shortages. This past countries. Before the embargo, we faced a CRISIS 10% increase in oil demand. Most people summer serious gasoline shortages were also Faced with such a. serious shortage of en­ predicted, and motorists were warned of seri­ agreed that shortages would occur if fuel ous inconvenience and even hardships. The was not properly allocated and conserved. ergy, there are only marginal things that can real possibility of shortages resulted in an Thus when the Arab embargo did come, an be done to increase supplies. There is little allocation system and an abnormal reduc­ energy shortage ranging as high as 35% (and doubt that our country can not avoid short­ tion in automobile travel. Partly as the con­ 50% in some parts of the country) was pre­ ages this winter. Decisions are currently be­ sequence of reduced travel, the shortages dicted. ing made to determine how the available energy will be distributed~who will be af­ n. IMPACT OF THE SHORTAGE never really materialized. fected and to what degree--and how we can There were a number of factors which con­ Estimates of the shortages we can expect reduce the demand for energy, especially tributed to the energy shortage that we ex­ in oU, gas and dlstUlate deliveries vary dra­ petroleum. perienced last winter and summer. matically. The Administration has consist­ A year ago last September the oil industry Federal pollution standards caused an ac­ ently been conservative in its estimates of projected a fuel shortage for the winter and celerated demand for fuel on and a major the shortage. The President predicted a 17% a gasoline shortage for the spring. And as shift from coal to oil-burning boilers took shortage of on due to the loss of imports previously noted there were other warnings, place. In particular, it caused a great demand from the Middle East. On the other hand, but the Administration took no action to for low sulphur or "sweet" crude. estimates from the Congressional Research forestall it at that time. Automobile gasoline consumption per car Service's Environmental Division ranged as _ In April, the Congress authorized the increased about 8% for cars equipped with high as 35%, if imports from the Ca.rtbbean President in the Economic Stabilization Act emission control systems and the added and Canada were also cut off. One spokesman to allocate fuel supplies as he saw fit. In weight needed to meet U.S. safety standards. from the Office of OU and Gas indicated that May there was talk about a. mandatory al­ U.S. refinery capacity has not expanded at we were already experiencing a shortage of location program, but the Administration the rate nece~sary to keep up with demand. 15% last month, before the last tanker of chose to use a voluntary program, and in­ In 1971 oil experts were predicting a petro­ Arab oil arrived in this country. creased demand was met through higher re­ leum shortage in the mid-70's because of this Not withstanding the ambiguity of these lack of refinery capacity. finery runs. estimates, two important points should be This fall, the Administration instituted a. A dramatic increase in U.S. energy con­ emphasized. First, even without the inter­ mandatory allocation plan !or middle dis­ sumption occurred; total u.s. energy use has ruption of Arab on imports, our country tillates (includes home heating fuel, diesel been doubling about every ten years, with was going to be short of fuel this winter­ fuel) and propane supplies. But this plan the demand for electrical power doubling by at least 5% and in some areas by 10 to did not specify priority uses, so schools and every decade. {The amount of electricity con­ 15%. Second, if the Arab embargo lasts 90 farmers got no more than amusement parks. sumed in the decade of the 60's equaled the days or more, which is expected, we wlll ex­ The middle distlllate allocation program used total consumed in all of our history up to perience shortages throughout the winter. as its base period 1972. The distributors were 1960.) According to the National Petroleum allowed to control the program and no ad­ A decline in domestic crude production Council, shortages 1n the three major prod­ ministrative machinery was set up to control and a peaking of our natural gas production. ucts-gasoline, distillates, and heavy fuel distribution. Environmental considerations restricted the oil-are expected to average 25% during the Although under the Economic Stabilization first quarter of 1974. Heavy fuel oil short­ Act Amendments of April, the Administra­ use of coal and strip mining !or coal. ages would average 38% nationally and could Delay in tapping the oil reserves discovered tion was given the authority to allocate fuels reach 50% on the East Coast. The northern on a mandatory basis, they have been very on the North Shore of Alaska and the off­ Midwest, including Michigan, would be next reluctant to do so, and resorted instead to a shore continental shelf. hardest hit. The states of the northern Mid­ voluntary system. This reluctance to move The lack of any e1fect1ve Federal leasing west consume over 4 million barrels of oil a decisively is due to several things: 1) they policy delayed the development of our on day, second only to the East Coast states did not learn the available oil facts, 2) they shale resources. which consume almost 6 mlllion barrels per did not believe the situation was as serious The above factors have all in one way or day. as i·t was, 3) philosophical inclination made another contributed to the U.S. dependence A survey conducted by my district office in them reluctant to bring government into the upon foreign supplies of oil. During the first Flint, Michigan last month of the local oil oil logistics business, 4) they had five dif- December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41533 ferent advisors on energy between March and and conservation plans." In addition, the they were postponing implementation of December, and 5) they recognized the limita­ blli allows the President to take certain their proposal to levy a surtax on park­ tion of solutions that did not increase the measures to increase domestic petroleum ing spaces in several areas of the coun­ available supply of oil. production. The highlights of the b111 in­ While the President has delivered several clude provisions to: try, one of which was the San Francisco messages about the energy crisis, the situa­ Minimize the impact of energy shortages on Bay Area. tion has only been growing worse. The Ad­ employment; The original proposal touched off a ministration, in a less than candid explana­ Amend certain portions of antitrust laws; round of fire from public official and pri­ tion of the problem, has been making the Modify the Clean Air Act; vate citizen alike. The announcement by energy crisis appear far less dangerous than Authorize the President to allocate ma­ EPA that they were postponing action it is. terials, equipment and fuels associated with on their ill-fated proposal was, in my The personnel turnover we have witnessed energy production; and judgment, a direct result of the heat as Mr. William Simon now replaces Governor Allow tax deductions and low-interest John Love in the long succession of energy loans for energy conservation improvements. generated by that outcry. "czars" seems to indicate the confusion with­ The House passed a sim1lar energy emer­ In a recent editorial, the San Mateo in the Administration on what tactics to gency bill on December 13, 1973. The main Times called the proposed parking sur­ take. Business and industry officials who want provisions of the House blli also included tax a ''Bureaucratic Absurdity," and I to know what actions the Administration is authority to create a Federal Energy Admin­ could not agree more. The proposal that going to take have spoken out forcefully on istration and required the President to sub­ EPA has wisely put off until July of 1975 the economic uncertainty that this hesitancy mit proposed energy conservation pla.ns to was more than just absurd; it was arbi­ to act is causing. Congress within 30 days after enactment. had While the Administration has held gaso­ Oil- and gas-burning power plants are re­ trary, discriminatory, and it been line rationing a.s a last resort, many reports quired to burn coal if they are capable of implemented, it woUld have caused eco­ indicate the necessity of implementing ra­ doing so. Further, petroleum producers and nomic chaos in all of the a.ft'ected areas. tioning. Recently, the White House an­ marketers are authorized to implement vol­ The editorial in the San Mateo Times nounced that it would postpone any decision untary agreements for energy conservation is an excellent example of a newspaper on rationing until the end of December. purposes and exempts such agreements from responding to the concerns and needs of However, it is unlikely that the fuel supply the antitrust laws. the community that it serves. I insert it situation wlll be any clearer at that time. In addition to these bills, the Congress in the RECORD: So much depends on the Arab/Israeli talks has passed legislation authorizing daylight which are not totally under Adm1n1strative savings time year round and to provide funds EPA PARKING SURTAX-A BUREAUCRATIC control. for research and development of new energy ABSURDITY Further, any delay in implementing some sources. Many b1lls have actively promoted Congressional action is needed to stop some kind of rationing program means a further mass transportation and high speed rail­ foolishness about to be foisted on the people reduction in our dwindling fuel reserves. A ways, such as the Urban Mass Transporta­ of California. recent staff study published by the Senate tion Act and the Railway Reorganization Act. While one segment of the federal govern­ Interior Committee suggests that we will ex­ A good deal of the material contained in ment ts wrestling with the energy crisis to haust our reserves within 2 months-even the eight hundred b1lls introduced in the provide sufficient fuel to keep motor vehicles with thermostats turned down to 68 degrees Congress has been incorporated in the Na­ on the road, another and separate govern­ and gasoline service stations closing on Sun­ tional Energy Emergency Act. mental agency known as the Environmental days. V. LONG-TERM APPROACHES TO THE ENERGY Protection Agency (EPA) has adopted rules The Adm1n1stration alternative seems to be CRISIS and regulations for the purpose of removing to let the price of oil increase from the pres­ as xnany motor vehicles as possible from our ent $5 a barrel to $7 which would be passed There seems to be a general consensus that highways so that people wlli turn to public through to the consumer at the pumps. FUel for the next five to ten years there will be transportation as a substitute. costs for consumers could rise as much as no new economical alternative sources of EPA has P.romulgated a set of regulations 60%. From the hundreds of calls, letters and. energy. We w1ll have to deal with a relatively known as the "California Transportation telegrams I have received from constituents, static supply of oil for the next five years Control Plan" which, among other things, the preference is clearly for a rationing sys­ that will force us· to use strict conservation provides for a prohibitive tax in the form tem over sharp increases in prices. measures to close the gap between supply of a surcharge on commercial parking spaces, It is clear that skyrocketing prices or added and demand. Coal and natural gas will also free parking spaces, and on parking spaces taxes on fuel would have a severe impact on be available, but our supplies are not un­ provided by employers for their employees. the poor, those on fixed incomes, and those limited and the environmental problems in­ The regulations also provide that " ... any who are dependent on the automobile for volved in coal as a major energy source are zoning or land-use requirement specifying their livelihood. While it seems inevitable significant. that an employer shall provide a given num­ that prices w1ll rise for gasoline and other I think there will be a dangerous tempta­ ber of employee parking spaces for any given petroleum products, every effort should be tion to believe that the energy crisis is over number of employees . . . be of no force or made to keep this price in line with the oil when the Arab states lift their embargo. The effect" except as approved by the administra­ companies actual production costs. There is Arab cut-off did not create the energy short­ tor of EPA. little doubt that their profit levels have age; it merely contributed to an already The parking surtax provisions, apart from been excessive. serious energy problem. As a nation, we must any other provisions in the regulations, con­ fully realize that we can not return to our IV. CONGRESSIONAL RESPONSE TO THE ENERGY stitute a bureaucratic absurdity apparently former consumption habits. With a popula­ dreamed up by bureaucrats in the Agency CRISIS tion of one-sixteenth of the world's popula­ Since the beglnning of the 93rd Congress who wish to turn the clock back to the turn tion, we consume one-third of the world's of the century when there were no motor in January, there have been over 800 differ­ energy. ent bills introduced concerning the energy vehicles, no modern highways, and people In the days that lie ahead, I urge all traveled either by mass transit, bicycle, or problems. Over thirty have already had ac­ Americans to participate in a voluntary con­ tion on the House floor and an equal number by horse and buggy. servation effort that goes beyond the guide­ The regulations provide for a staggered have had action in the Senate. The President lines set by the Adm1n1stration or by legis­ was granted authority to allocate fuels by series of effective dates, and when completely lators. It is the duty of all of us--not just effective there wlli be parking surcharges in the Emergency Stabilization Act of 1970, the Administration, Congress, or other gov­ passed April 30, 1970. Legislation in the 93rd the form of a tax at the rate of 25 cents per ernmental organizations-to make sure ev­ hour added to commercial parking fees, a $450 Congr~ss makes Congressional priorities a.nd eryone is treated fairly and equitably and directives much more explicit. per year surcharge for each parking space on the burden of the energy shortage is shared all owners and operators of more than five On November 27, 1973, the Emergency by all. Petroleum Allocation Act of 1973 became free parking spaces, and each employer who public law. This legislation gave the Presi­ provides free parking space for his employees dent temporary authority to implement al­ wlli be required to charge his employees $2.50 location programs affecting suppliers of fuel EPA PARKING SURTAX-A BUREAU­ per day for each employee's free parking oil, residual oil, and refined petroleum prod­ CRATIC ABSURDITY space--unless the employee comes to work ucts. This legislation "directed" the President in a car pool, in which event the rate is 50 to make regulations providing for mandatory per cent if it is a two-person car pool. The allocation sYstem within fifteen days. HON. LEO J. RYAN charge wlll be remitted if the employee par­ On November 19, 1973, the Senate passed OF CALIFORNIA ticipates in a three-person car pool. the National Energy Emergency Act of 1973. In addition, the employer is required to This bill is much more specific in setting IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES institute a program to reimburse employees the priorities of Congress for energy measures Thursday, December 13, 1973 and is more comprehensive than the Emer­ for expenses in utillzing mass transit in an gency Petroleum Allocation Act. The Presi­ Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, in an an­ amount not to exceed $200 per year per em­ dent is required to develop and implement nouncement last Friday, the Environ­ ployee and to take "all reasonable steps to nationwide emergency energy "rationing mental Protection Agency stated that encourage employees to commute to work by 41534 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 13, 1973 subscription or charter bus and similar pri­ cant support which has recently been not just that we need libraries; what is also vately owned m ass transit facilities." evidenced for such a conference. needed is serious discussions on how to make It is estimated that the surcharge will cost them better as the demand for their services I should remind my colleagues as well, increases. a shopping center, such as Hlllsdale in San Mr. Speaker, that our former colleague, Mateo, approximately $2 million per year. The surcharge could spell financial ruin for the Honorable GERALD R. FORD of Michi­ AMERICAN AsSOCIATION OF private operators of parking garages. Park­ gan, the distinguished Vice President of UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS, ing meters are not exempt and would be sub­ the United States, is sponsor of a similar December 5, 1973. ject to a surcharge of 25 cents an hour over resolution, House Joint Resolution 734. Congressman JOHN BRADEMAS, and above the regular fee when the parking Under the sponsorship and leadership Rayburn House Office Building, tax becomes completely effective. Unmetered washington, D .a. of the distinguished junior Senator from DEAR CONGRESSMAN BRADEMAS; On behalf curb space in commercial districts would be Rhode Island the Honorable CLAIBORNE subject to the $450-per-year surcharge per of the Indiana Federation of Chapters and parking space unless the city in which the PELL, the Senate has already passed such its 2,100 members on 46 college and univer­ curb parking is available installs meters to a resolution. sity campuses in Indiana, I would like to en­ collect the hourly surcharge rate. On December 8, 1973, Mr. Speaker, the dorse the resolutions now before your Select City planning ordinances which have care­ Washington Post featured an editorial Subcommittee on Education requesting and fully provided that new buildings cannot be applauding Congress for providing funds authorizing the President to call a White constructed without providing adequate for Federal library programs, funds House Conference on Library and Informa­ parking space for employees are void as to tion Services. which President Nixon, in his fiscal 1974 There is much merit in the proposal. It their parking requirements and an employer budget, had proposed we eliminate. could construct a new plant without provid­ would provide an excellent opportunity for ing any free parking space for employees. The editorial also supported the Ford­ persons of diverse background, inside and The city attorney of San Mateo has esti­ Brademas-Pell proposal for a 1976 White outside the academic community, to focus mated that the total economic impact during House Conference on Libraries and In­ upon the future needs, goals, and policies the first year of the application of the regu­ formation Services. of a major national educational resource. By lations would be approximately $20 million evaluating the current role of libraries and Said the editorial: by projecting their future relationship to the in San Mateo alone. The cost would go higher The conference is important. It is not as the fees increased annually over a period educational process, the conference would be just that we need libraries; what is also need­ of considerable assistance to postsecondary of three years. Under the penalties for non­ ed is serious discussions on how to m·ake compliance a person who knowingly violated education. them better as the demand for their serv­ Having recently hosted a statewide con­ any requirement of an applicable implemen­ ices increases. tation plan could be punished by a fine of ference in Fort Wayne to discuss the aca­ not more than $25,000 per day of violation or Mr. Speaker, I include in the RECORD demic status of librarians, our Federation is by imprisonment for not more than one year, the Washington Post editorial as well as particularly pleased by the suggestion that or both. For second convictions, the penalty attendant State Conferences be held in con­ a letter in support of such a conference junction with the White House Conference. is increased to $50,000 per day or two years' from the Federation of the Indiana imprisonment, or both. I would also like to express our apprecia­ A number of legal actions have already Chapters of the American Association of tion to you for the leading role you have been filed to invalidate the EPA regulations. University Professors: played in promoting this bipartisa.n. The state attorney general has filed a legal NEW LIFE FOR LIBRARIES proposal. If we may offer any appropriate assistance action. The City Council of San Mateo has The attack of the Nixon administration on authorized the city attorney to file a suit in to you in this area, please feel free to call libraries appears to have been repelled. As upon us. Federal District Court to obtain a stay order part of the budget for the Departments of and to test the constitutionality of the regu­ Yours very truly, Labor and Health and Welfare, the House GEORGE W. GEIB. lations. and Senate included $170 mlllion for 11- The legal actions which have b.een filed and braries. In the 1974 budget proposals of the those which wUl be instituted to invalidate administration, no federal assistance was re­ the EPA parking surcharge regulations may quested for libraries, the idea being that result in a favorable court decision which state and local money should take over the THE ENERGY CRISIS IN PERSPEC­ will either postpone or totally invalidate this full responsibility. The logic of this proposal TIVE: FREE ENTERPRISE IS THE absurd.ity. However, the only procedure wh.ich had a superficial appeal that did not hold ANSWER 1s certain to invalidate these regulations up under the kind of scrutiny given by sev­ would be the adoption of federal legislation eral congressional friends of libraries. amending the Federal Clean Air Act to delete The first argument defending zero funding from the Act tlle authority of EPA to proceed said that, since the federal share for libraries RON. BILL ARCHER in this ridiculous manner to accomplish the was approximately 5 to 7 per cent, no li­ OF TEXAS purposes of the Act. braries would close down when federal funds IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Letters written to the United States sena­ were withdrawn. This argument, however tors from California, Alan Cranston and John handy for the purposes of rationalizing, Thursday, December 13, 1973 Tunney, and to the congressmen representing overlooks that many library projects are Mr. ARCHER. Mr. Speaker, although the readers' congressional districts request­ demonstrations initially funded by federal ing an amendment to the Federal Clean Air money, in the hope of stimulating state and the energy crisis is serious, the situation Act to el1mlnate any authority for the EPA local support that would eventually take is not hopeless. We need self-reliance to impose taxes or parking surcharges would, over. But such demonstrations would have to meet this challenge. A thorough anal­ in our oplnlon, be the most effective way to been cut out completely or curtailed. Some ysis of the historical background and express concern about and opposition to the of these projects include services to the blind significance of the energy crisis ap· EPA parking surtax regulations. and handicapped, service to prisons, hos­ peared in an article by Prof. W. Philip pitals and mental health institutions. A sec­ Gramm entitled ''The Energy Crisis in ond argument for cutting off funds was that libraries would become part of revenue shar­ Perspective" in the Wall Street Journal SUPPORT FOR WHITE HOUSE CON­ ing, thus categorical assistance was not of November 30, 1973. I agree with his FERENCE ON LIBRARIES needed. When the American Library Asso­ conclusion: We must allow the free ciation examined the situation, however, it market to work in order to solve the found that of the $2.96 billion that went out energy crisis. between January and June of this year, li­ The article follows: HON. JOHN BRADEMAS braries received only $21.7 million, or less THE ENERGY CRISIS IN PERSPECTIVE OF INDIANA than 1 per cent of the total. Congress did well to rally in support of (ByW. PhlUp Gramm) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ' libraries. In fact, it is taking even further Much of the prevaillng rhetoric on the "en­ Thursday, December 13, 1973 interest--with the introduction of several ergy crisis" expresses this kind of logic: bills calling for a White House conference on Since there is just so much oil, coal, natural Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, as one libraries and information services 1n 1976. gas a.nd other energy sources, sooner or later of the sponsors of a bill to authorize the The Senate has already passed this legisla­ we are going to run out. We must, therefore, President to convene a White House tion and one House bill was offered by Gerald begin to ration these resources not only to Conference on Library and Informa,tion Ford, now Vice President Ford. With this meet the current crisis but to conserve en­ Services in 1976, I want to bring to the kind of support, a 1976 conference is likely ergy in our time and move the day of attention of my colleagues the signifi- to occur. The conference is important. It is reckoning further into the future. Amerl- December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41535 cans have been "energy pigs," according to comforts of the present era to free enterprise too poor to afford it at all. These views are, Stewart Udall, and have been operating on and the scarcity of whales. of course, economic nonsense. In weighing the misguided assumption that there is no The history of our first "energy crisis" the various courses of action which might limit to the quantity of energy. Since we are demonstrates that there is no reason to be­ be followed in minimizing the cost of dealing at the end of the era of cheap fuel and lieve that we face long-term doom. If tech­ with the current energy problem it is useful dealing with a problem without precedent, nology were suddenly frozen, some of the to make a ball park estimate of the price strong and previously unacceptable policies dire projections being made now might be level that the free market would yield in the are called for: government regulation of the realized in several hundred years or less, de­ shortage period. production and distribution of energy. pending on which "expert of the week" one ESTIMATING OUTPUT AND DEMAND Ignored is the fact that mankind has fre­ believes. But technology is not frozen. It is Estimates of how muoh the demand for quently experienced instances of increasing instead progressing at a rate unprecedented energy sources would decllne in a period scarcity, and by ingenuity and free action in history. The Petroleum Age will pass as less than a year, if prices rose by 1%, range has solved all of them. In fact, we are cur­ did the Stone Age (and the Whale Oil Era). from roughly 0.2% to 1.2%. Estimates of rently experiencing the second. major energy The real danger is that we may foolishly re­ how much the quantity supplied would rise crisis in American history. strict the exploitation of current energy in the same period, if prices rose by 1%, vary From the colonization period until the sources and allow them to become valueless. from roughly 0.6% to 2%. A reasonably con­ Civil War the major source of artificial light­ Only if we eliminate the market incentives servative estimate is that a price rise of 1% ing in the U.S. and Europe was whale and for innovation and investment will we face a will provoke a decline In the quantity de­ sperm oil. Since there were no good substi­ real, long-term "energy crisis." manded of 0.5% and a rise in the quantity tutes for these oils as sources of light, the Though there is no long-term "energy supplied of 1%. world's supply of artificial light depended crisis" there is a short-term problem. Eco­ The practical importance of these estimates almost exclusively on the whaling industry. nomic science teaches that shortages can­ is that a 10% shortage in the supply of fuel People did not need computers to project not exist In free markets. In free markets at current prices would yield a free market that the supply of whales could not keep prices rise in order to eliminate shortages. rise in price of less than 7% I If we are more pace with the rapid expansion in demand. "Crisis" as opposed to simple scarcity, results pessimistic about the shortage and assume Sperm oll rose from 43 cents per gallon in from market disruptions; and the only sector that demand exceeds supply by 20% at the 1823 to $2.55 a gallon in 1866. Whale oil rose of society which possesses the power to dis­ current price, we might expect a price rise from a low of 23 cents In 1832 to $1.45 a gal­ rupt a large market 1s the government. Gov­ of less than 14%. lon in 1865. As prices rose, gas distllled from ernment price ceilings on natural gas at the The above estimates, though conservative, coal became an economically feasible sub­ well-head have been one of the most disrup­ do not take account of the disruption pro­ stitute causing whale oil demand to fall off t! ve public policies. By setting the price of duced by the crisis atmosphere that sur­ sharply in Europe. natural gas artificially low, the government rounds this issue. Since the magnitude of In 1859 sperm oll was over $1.36 a gallon. has stilled the incentive of producers to In­ the crisis has been blown out of all reason­ But that same year, an event which in nine crease supplies, while the artificially low able proportions and people fear shortages years would end the whale oll crisis forever price has stimulated demand. Furthermore, and rationing, hoarding by both the supplier occurred: petroleum was discovered in Penn­ since profits are low at these artificially low and demanders is a genuine possib111ty. In sylvania. In the meantime, the demand of ce111ng prices, investment and exploration the very shortrun (up to turee months) we the Civil War boomed whale oil prices. Not have fallen off sharply. might expect prices to rise above the long­ only was there increased demand, the war Price controls have also had a detrimental term market price. After roughly one to disrupted production. Conscription of whal­ impact on the supply of petroleum products three months we should expect the crisis ing vessels as freight ships and the capture and the construction of refinery capacity, es­ mania to pass and a general dishoarding to or destruction of ships by Southern priva­ sential to increasing domestic energy sup­ occur so that prices would fall to a level teers caused a decline of more than 50% in plies. Due to the pressure to keep prices be­ below the above estimates. The estimates the number of U.S. ships in whaling and a low what the free market would specify, are of course based on the assumption of un­ 66% decline in tonnage. By 1866, sperm oll shortages of petroleum products have oc­ hampered market adjustments. Government had reached a high of $2.55 a gallon. curred at both the retail and wholesale levels. attempts to interfere with this market proc­ The high prices for whale and sperm oil Had prices been allowed to rise, the quantity ess would tend to shift the estimates up­ between 1849 and 1867 provided a growing supplied would have expanded to meet the wards. quantity demanded; and each consumer profit incentive to d~velop an efficient refin­ The first step in solving the energy short­ ing process for crude petroleum and induced would have had direct incentive to economize age is to allow the free market system to the investment required for the production on usage. We are only now beginning to real­ work. All price ceilings and. government con­ of kerosene. Beginning in 1867, kerosene ize the distorting impact on the production trols should. be eliminated.. Such action would broke the sperm and whale oil market and of inputs essential for fuel production (drill­ greatly stimulate the supply of energy sources prices tumbled. By 1896, sperm oil was Ing equipment, tubular steel, etc.) which and eliminate shortages. Prices would rise cheaper than it had been in any recorded four phases of price controls have produced. but the expansion of output would hold period--40 cents a gallon-but whale oil Environmental legislation and court ac­ prices to the minimum which current con­ lamps were no more than relics for succeed­ tion also have had a significant impact on ditions dictate. Furthermore, the free market ing generations. the supply and demand for energy. Injunc­ will insure that energy will be allocated to tions against atomic and conventional power TWO VITAL FUNCTIONS the highest priority users. Price increases are plants have prevented the supply of elec­ not pleasant, but they are better than low Aside from providing an incentive for the tricity from keeping up with the dem&nd. prices and no energy. If these higher prices development of petroleum products rising The injunction against the Alaskan pipeline work hardships on the less fortunate among whale and sperm oil prices performed two has impeded the growth of oil supplies. Pol­ us, special provisions, which would be pref­ other vital functions. Rising prices caused lution control devices on automobiles have erable to the distortions and waste of ration­ consumers to act out of their own self in­ increased fuel consumption and, thereby, ing, could be provided for this small minority. terest to economize the use of oil. Rising increased the demand for gasoline. Mass con­ There is an additional advantage of allow­ prices gave an inducement for producers to version from high sulphur to low sulphur ing domestic prices to rise. As prices rise in increase output of whale and sperm oil fuels in order to comply with EPA regula­ the U.S., the cost to the Arabs of maintaining through increases in investment, improve­ tions to abate pollution has caused a change the restriction on sales to the U.S. will get ments In technology, and increased labor in the composition of energy demand from higher. If we simply allow the market to input. The rise in prices \from 1820--1847 in­ plentiful, cheap sources of energy to scarcer work, the agreement to restrict sales to the duced a rise in the tonnage of whaling ves­ more expensive ones. U.S. will break and with it Arab unity will sels of almost 600% and produced numerous The energy crisis has made it clear that break. The Arabs are playing a dangerous technological improvements In the whaling pollution abatement has a definite cost to game. If we allow prices to rise we can ex­ industry. It appears that rising prices caused society. Only by understanding the costs in­ pect the development of new domestic sources output to increase perhaps by 1,000% or volved in various forms of pollution abate­ such as oil shale and domestically produced more. Had government possessed the power ment can we ohoose how much environmen­ substitutes for petroleum. and volition to ration whale and sperm oil tal protection is optimal. to hold its price down or to levy a tax on oil The bureaucratic method of looking at the COSTS AND CLEAN Am to reap the gains from the price rise, the supply and demand for energy products dif­ Another step in solving the energy problem shortage would have been catastrophic and fers substantially from the market-directed is to inform society of the cost of environ­ the advent of kerosene and other petroleum approach. The bureaucrat presumes first of mental and. ecological programs and allow products might have been delayed for all that the supply of the product is abso­ the people to choose. If people want the end decades. lutely fixed. Price does not matter. A price products of such programs, they will have to The whale oil crisis 1s a case study of how rise, he argues, will not put more oil in the pay the cost in higher energy prices. Without the free-market system solves a scarcity pipelines-at least not before the next elec­ adequate information, society will not be problem. The end product of this process of tion. People "need a certain amount" of the able to decide which programs are worth the discovery and innovation is the Petroleum product, and they will always buy the same cost and which are not. If people prefer Age In which we live. We owe the benefits and quantity regardless of price unless they are cleaner air to lower fuel cost they can choose 41536 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 13, 1973 to convert from coal to oil. If they choose It has long been my opinion, Mr. against his stern resistance, onto his com­ lower fuel cost they can burn cheaper and Speaker, that we have been far too al­ mittee. For Hebert is used to committee mem­ dirtier fuels. Such a system seems preferable truistic in our dealings with other na­ bers who share his benevolent view of Penta­ to allowing a bureaucrat to decide for them. gon needs. What he is not used to is dissent, To increase supplies we should open the tions. I realize that, in the immediate especially female dissent, and especially dis­ continental shelf for drilling but make firms post-World War II era, we had a respon­ sentafrom a parvenu lady representative who liable for oil spills and other forms of ecologi­ sibility to help others and also that our seems unaware that newcomers keep their cal disturbances. Most oil spills are not from foreign trade is important to us. But mouths shut. drillings but from tankers. By employing the the days of our being the No. 1 "have" "I hope," Hebert said to her shortly after Naval oil reserves, the continental shelf and Nation are over and this needs to be un­ they met, "that you aren't going to be a areas which will become economically feas­ skinny Bella. Abzug." ible at higher prices, output could be greatly derstood not only in Washington but everywhere in the world where Uncle Sam "No," she told him firmly, "I am not. I'm expand~d. going to be me. I am going to be Pat Schroe­ We should tnstitute peak-load prictng for has come to be looked upon as a patsy. der." electricity in shortage areas. Brownouts and The steel scrap situation is only one of Hebert is finding Pat Schroeder trouble blackouts occur because in peak use periods many in which we have subjugated the enough. overloads occur. By charging more for power interests of our workmen and industries Indeed, she is on his committee to make in peak use periods, nonessential use would to these of others and are continuing to trouble. She is concerned, she says, about occur in nonpeak load periods when power is do so. Foreign trade must be conducted the human, quality-of-life issues-better cheaper. Under the current system there is housing, better health care, a better environ­ no incentive to spread out power use. Peak on the principle of the "two-way street" and yet our policies in too many cases ment in which to bring up a family. "Defense load pricing could minimize overloads in the people say they are protecting women and current system and a.llow time for supply refuse to recognize this. What other na­ children," she explains. "As a woman with sources to catch up to peak load demand. tion would export the scrap it needed children, I want to be able to say there are In a free market, when the price of a good at home? I think the answer is found in other things we can do to protect us than starts to rise, three simultaneous forces are the present fuel crisis in which our sup­ build bases." produced. First, people start to use the good posed "friends" and "allies" have shown But the Armed Services Committee, Mrs. more judiciously, second, producers and con­ little willingness to divide up their oil Schroeder points out, controls about 40 per sumers who use the product begin to search cent of the national budget, and "I can talk for cheaper substitutes, and third, producers with us, or even to cooperate in interna­ tional solutions to the problem. all I want about human issues-they've got of the product attempt to expand output by the dollars." So when the Pentagon wants a using and developing technology to meet the I call, Mr. Speaker, on the adminis­ billion of those dollars for another nuclear demand. It is this process which has always tration to take immediate action to curb carrier, she thinks it's important to raise forestalled doom. We will run out of energy the movement of steel scrap out of this some pesty questions. Like: Why, since we only if we prevent the free market from country. have three nuclear carriers already, do we working. Herein lies the real danger of the need another one? "energy crisis." Chairman Hebert is not pleased. CONGRESSWOMAN PATRICIA "There are certain people," he once said, SCHROEDER sighing, as he looked at her, "who make me shudder every time they open their mouth." OUR STEEL SCRAP FLOWS ABROAD On another occasion, when Mrs. Schroeder HON. ANDREW YOUNG was pressing for answers about Cambodian bombing raids, Mr. Hebert was rather more HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS OF GEORGIA invidious. "I wish," he told her, interrupting IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF PENNSYLVANIA her questions, "that you'd support our boys Thursday, December 13, 1973 like you support the enemy." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And then there was the de.y Hebert met Thursday, December 13, 1973 Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, Jim, Pat's lawyer husband, on the Capitol an interesting article about our col­ Hill subway. "So you're the one," he snorted, Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, steel scrap league, Congresswoman PATRICIA ScHROE­ "who married that woman." He did not sound badly needed by our own industries now DER, has been written by Judith Viorst congra.tulatory. is moving out of this country and to and published in the November issue of Although this made the rounds as a cute competitors abroad at the rate of 12 mil­ little story, opposing Hebert has not been Redbook magazine. fun and games. The relationship between lion tons annually. This is a report on a hard-working, My authority for this figure is James the committee and the Pentagon tends to be conscientious colleague who has earned a. cordial and approving one. Of the 43 com­ M. Underwood, chairman of Vulcan Inc., the respect of this House. As the article mittee members, only a handful persistently a producer of ingot molds and other steel says, Congresswoman ScHROEDER serves stray from the fold. Hebert has said that products at its plants in Latrobe, Pa., because she "thinks that people who care "the light is always in the window for those and elsewhere. make a difference, and in her own modest who want to come home." But for those who Mr. Underwood told Jack Markowitz, way PAT SCHROEDER has-whether it is by don't, says Pat Schroeder, there are glares, cold stares, ostracism by most of Hebert's business editor of the Pittsburgh Post­ sponsoring anti-child-abuse legisla;tion, Gazette, that the export flow is taking loyal supporters and slurs about the "pinko­ holding housing and tax hearings, get­ commie kooks" on the committee. place even though the supply of scrap ting money for a children's museum in Indeed, until fairly recently the committee here is "pinching so tightly" that U.S. Denver, or voting to shut off funds for has rarely had to put up with such kooks. firms are compelled to pay $35 a ton more the bombing of Cambodia." The House of Representatives is divided into for it than they did last spring. The complete article is as follows: 21 standing committees, each of which has I quote from Mr. Markowitz' report: its realm of expertise--agriculture, for in­ THE WOMAN WHO HAS A BEAR BY THE TAIL stance, or banking and currency, or foreign Steelmakers worldwide, especially in Japan, (By Judith Viorst) have tapped the open American scrap mar­ affairs, or public works or armed services. ket (and) bid up prices frantically on both How come this pretty, blue-eyed mommy All new members of Congress are assigned coasts. with the green-velvet ribbon in her hair is to one or more of these committees, and annoying the mighty Congressman Edward most of them traditionally seek out those The price last April was $50 a ton. Hebert, 72-year-old chairman of the power­ congenial to their interests. You can spend a Today it is $85 and, according to Mr. ful House Armed Services Committee? lot of time at committee meetings, so you Underwood, our plants are lucky to get Why can't the woman stay home where might just as well go where you are Ukely tt. Shortages have become a major op­ she belongs? to feel most at home. There's important business brewing on In other words, lof you believe that Amer­ erating problem for Vulcan, he says. that committee, which has authorized this ica's ultimate security resides in how the Mr. Underwood would like to see Uncle year the spending of approximately $80 bil­ country is humanized rather than how it is Sam cut scrap exports at least in half lion on America's defense establishment-­ fortlfted, you join a committee that deals during this time of short supply and I on everything, that is, from military bases to with education, or conservation, or equal op­ could not agree with him more. Why aircraft canters to cost overruns. portunities, or such. What you do not join should our scrap market be open and Who's this young upstart to ask, "Do we is the House Armed Services Committee, really need to spend?" which is packed with pro-Pentagon types. subject to raids by foreign customers This seems to be the sort of muttering that You do not join the House Armed Services while the material is so scarce that it is Chairman Hebert (pronounced "A-bear") has Committee, whose chairman--even within a boosting prices, thus adding to the in­ been muttering ever since Patricia. Schroe­ system that turns its chairmen into auto­ flation problem, and threatening jobs der, a first-term, antiwar congresswoman crats-is known to be more autocratic than here? from Denver, Colorado, lobbied her wa7. most. You do not join the House Armed December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41537

Services Committee, where you are not only "Some members," she wrote, "gave the And, "Yes," she admits, "I do get upset. It's consistently unloved but also consistently impression that doing the hard and tedious hard to keep on going back and facing him. I outvoted. work of analysis and criticism of our compli­ can think of ten things I'd rather do than It doesn't make sense. Except Pat Schroeder cated mllitary program is somehow unseem­ attend a committee meeting. But I go." believes that, yes, indeed it does. ly, unmUltary-indeed, unpatriotic." The David that Pat Schroeder plays to He­ In fact, she is one of a few members of 'Ib.ere was plenty more of the same. berts' Goliath, however, is civilized and cour­ Congress who in recent years have delib­ Chairman Hebert, said Pat, almost ex­ teous and low-key. She doesn't believe in yell­ erately joined committees that aren't con­ ploded with rage. ing or screaming or threatening people or genial to them. 'Ib.e reasoning goes like this: "I like you as a person," he growled, his banging them on the head. "I decide where If you don't like the way a committee is temper just barely controlled, "but you make to give and where to draw the line," she doing its job--if you think, for instance, that me very mad." To the Denver Post, her home­ says, "and then I hang tough." the vision of the House Armed Services town paper, Hebert was less restrained. "Of But "tough" seems a funny word to apply Committee is "obscured by the shine of mili­ course, I recognize her expertise after she has to Pat Schroeder as we sit and talk in her tary brass"---don't shake your head in dismay been here for six months," he said sarcasti­ office on Capitol HUI. Wlth her Peter Pan and join something cozier. Get on that com­ cally. "She's an authority.... " And then collar, her fresh good looks and her quick, mittee, take on that chalrma.n, make your from the farther end of the generation gap hearty laughter, she resembles the mothers I opinions heard-though they'll shout you came this bitter and even poignant cry: "I meet at my children's school. 'Ib.ere are cray­ down again and again and again. Be a drop was in the House of Representatives before ons on her desk in case her children-Jamie, of water and keep dripping on that rock. she was born!" three, and Scott, seven~me over to visit, Someday, somehow, maybe you will reshape Now a few of the other valiant committee and samples of their artwork a.re taped to her it. dissenters also filed their opposition views, wall. At 33 she is one of 16 women now in Ah, but how? And what exactly does a com­ but Hebert seemed to feel a special anger to­ Congress, and the first one Colorado has ever mittee do? ward Pat. "It's because," she declares with sent. Well, whenever a bill is introduced in the conviction, "Hebert is a sexist. He doesn't How did she get to Washington? And why? House, it is referred to an appropriate com­ believe that anyone with a uterus can make "I'm here," she replies, "because they mittee-farm bllls to Agriculture, labor b1lls a decision on military affairs." literally couldn't find anyone else to run." to Education and Labor, military procure­ Indeed, his view of Pat's role on his com-· Well, that isn't quite true. Denver had ment to Armed Services .... You get the idea. mittee was clearly expressed at the outset of a prominent Democrat who was wUling to Ideally the committee members study every her term. "For the House Armed Services take on the incumbent Republican. But a aspect of the blll, listen to expert witnesses Committee's first lovely den mother," he in­ group of young liberals (Pat's husband Jim for and against it, thoroughly and thought­ scribed to her in his book Creed of a Con­ among them) were seeking a better candi­ fully question those witnesses and engage in gressman, "with the hope you would better date for the job. 'Ib.e problem was that 1972 lively, responsible debate presided over by understand your chairman after reading be­ looked like a very bad year to beat a Repub­ a strong but fair-minded chairman. tween these covers." lican, and prospect after prospect turned Did I say "ideally"? Let me say it again? She understands, all right. She under­ them down. "What about your wife?" some­ Anyhow, after the debate has been com­ stands the generation-gap problem and the one finally asked Jim, who laughed and dis­ pleted and the additions, deletions and com­ missed the idea. But the next time the promises have been made, the bill is reported sexism problem and the problem of bucking a chairman who insists upon obedience from question came up, Pat and Jim began to out of committee and sent, for better or discuss it more seriously. In May, 1972, Pat worse, to the floor of the House. 'Ib.ere, after his ranks. It's bad enough, she says, when announced she would run. further adjustments, the bill may be passed they clash in private committee meetings, but when she makes these clashes public, it blows It seemed at the time a most unlikely and then sent to the Senate for more of the his mind. candidacy. For though Pat, a Harvard Law same. School graduate with experience in teaching, The committee system, it's clear to see, is "So you're going to be one of those cheap in labor law and in civil-service arbitration a good-sized piece of this puzzle we call de­ kind," he grumbled on one occasion, "who'll (and with a pilot's license as well), certainly mocracy. 'Ib.ough the U.S. Congress alone do anything for publicity." had impressive quallfications, her husband has the power to vote a blll into law, it is in Last summer, however, he tried to do more had the political ambitions. Indeed, Jim had large measure within a committee's power than grumble. Last summer he attempted to take revenge. 'Ib.ere are no goodies, he hoped run, and been defeated, for the Colorado to determine the shape of the bill. state legislature in 1970 and had planned she'd understand, for those who don't learn But the shape of the 1974 M111tary Procure­ in 1972 to serve as his law partner's cam­ ment Authorization Bill, reported out of that "to get along, you go along." paign manager. committee last July, wasn't much to Mrs. What happened was that Speaker of the But instead of helping his partner, Floyd Schroeder's liking. 'Ib.e major legislation of House Carl Albert selected Pat to a.ttend the Haskell, get into the Senate, he wound up the House Armed Services Committee, the bill SALT Disarm-ament Conference in Geneva, helping his wife, Pat Schroeder, get into the authorized the purchasing of bigger and Switzerland. (Discussions were being held on House. chemical warfare, and since there was a prob­ fiercer-though not necessarily better-btl­ Needless to say, during the campaign lion-dollar military weapons. It authorized lem of nervega.s stockpUes ln her area, Pat Schroeder was a very suitable choice.) As her many eyebrows were raised by those who be­ spending for weapons Pat Schroeder called lieve that a mommy stays home and bakes "frivolous" and a "boondoggle," as well as a chairman, Hebert was requested to send a strictly pro forma letter of confirmation, a cookies. Was she maybe one of those wUd, "colossal waste of money." Hebert didn't like Women's Lib types? Pat decided to laugh that. request tha.t only rarely has been denied. But such objections away. Now, Mrs. Schroeder maintains that of to everyone's astonishment, Hebert instead "Hi!" she would start off a speech. "I'm course this country must spend money for replied, "She is not my choice." that nut you've been hearing about, the one defense. But she worries about what she In discussion that followed, Hebert made who doesn't shave under her arms, the one terms the committee's "fixation with tech­ it perfectly clear he was punishing Pa.t for who leaps over barricades uttering obsceni­ nology," its belief "that killing an enemy her voting record on his committee and for ties, the one who keeps her kids in the fifteen times over makes us more secure than her "additional views" on his procurement freezer." if we can kill him only five times over." So bUl. "I wouldn't send you to represent this 'Ib.at helped to melt some voters. stm she tried, through some three months of committee at a dogfight," he told her. there'd be that person who would march almost-daily committee meetings, to modify She wasn't intimidated. F'u.r.thermore she up to Jim and say with great indignation, the massive procurement bill. wasn't even stopped, since the Speaker ar­ "Do you realize that your wife is running She modified nothing. for Congress?" Does this mean that her presence on the ranged for a way to side-step Hebert. He ask­ committee is useless and futile? She doesn't ed the State Department to waive the rule "Hey, no kidding-really?" he would reply. think so. that requires a chairman's confirming letter. "I thought she'd been out of the house an For what she did when the bill was reported Pat got to Geneva. awful lot lately!" out of committee was to file seven pages of It ought to be noted that Pat wasn't look­ He didn't joke, however, when someone eloquent "additional views," a scathing cr1- ing for a paid-by-the-Government free trip would want to know: "Why are you letting tique of committee tactics and practices, to Geneva. Or to anywhere else, for that mat­ her run instead of you?" which now are a part of our national public ter. She already had turned down a couple of "I thought," was his answer, "we needed a record. Calling the House Armed Services luxury jaunts, both here and abroad, ques­ stronger candidate." Committee the "Pentagon's lobby on the tioning their propriety or their usefulness. And to everyone's surprise-including the H111," she observed that it "seemed annoyed Indeed, she might even sound priggish, un­ Schroeders'-Pat turned out to be a very at, even frightened of, vigorous and open de­ duly self-righteous, on the subject if it were strong candidate, and 1972 turned out to be bate." An unreasonable number of hearings, not for her zesty sense of humor. a pretty good year for the young and women's she noted, were barred to the public, and dur­ And what if she does sound a little self­ votes. Speaking straightforwardly on the is­ ing one segment of the deliberations 30 righteous--so what? In her dealings with sues, radiating decency and good will, Pat witnesses, warmly received, were invited to Hebert and his committee she has taken on won standing ovations at a NiXon-Schroeder speak on behalf of the Pentagon's view and an exhausting and frustrating task. "My only endorsement from the potent Teamsters only two witnesss, given the shortest of tool is words," she sighs, "and words don't Union, the primary and in November the shrltts, were heard against it. mean a lot." election. 41538 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 13, 1973 What had the Schroeders done to their "I beUeve." she says. "that courage is con­ Safety Commission to commence a proceed­ lives? tagious. Last summer a man who always ing for the issuance of a consumer product Pat says she often asks that question when votes with the chairman agreed that, yes, I safety rule. Section 10 also provides that if the pressures plle up, when the House sta-ys was right, that this was the Pentagon's lob­ the Commission denies such petition, it in session tm 10 p.m., when she finds her­ by on the hill. He agreed in private and off shall publish in the Federal Register its rea­ self working each night and on the weekends, the record, of course. But maybe next year sons for such denial. when old friends don't phone her because he'll be will1ng to do It publicly." On June 4, 1973, the Commission received "they think I'm a superstar now." She asks Furthermore, she adds, there is a certain a petition from the National Football League it when, squeezed for time, as she always is advantage in being a woman. "How long," Players Association (NFLPA) requesting the these days, she runs into a store and says, she asks, "can committee members allow a Commission to initiate a proceeding under "Get me three dresses-red, green and some female, not even an ex-Marine, to take on section 7 of the act (86 Stat. 1212; 15 U.S.C. other color. I have only ten minutes." She the chairman without being embarrassed 2056) to promulgate a consumer product asks it when a hate call condemns her as an that they're not fighting him too?" safety standard for artificial turf covering opponent of "Sunday football, guns and Pat Schroeder in her own way continues used on athletic playing fields or to declare God" and when, more chlllingly, a bomb to fight him-firmly, politely, with reason such product to be a banned hazardous prod­ threat against her comes into the FBI be­ and with facts. To get these facts, which are uct pursuant to section 8 of the act (86 Stat. cause, on the issue of Watergate: "She's not terribly hard to come by when you're deal­ 1215; 15 u.s.c. 2057). kind to our President." ing with something as arcane as milltary Additionally, the NFLPA petition requests What had they done? She and her family budgets, she has chosen to hire an expert of the Commission to restrain further use of now live for most of the year in northern her own, an expert on budgets and weaponry, artificial turf covering or prohibit new in­ Virginia, instead of Colorado; her husband who can arm her to challenge the Pentagon's stallations pending promulgation of a con­ has had to find another job; the focus these point of view. sumer product safety standard or a banning days is on her career, not his. And since She also is armed with a healthy dose of order. she's not at all sure she wants to stay in poll­ humor. At one point, she says, she thought On August 7, 1973, the Commission re­ tics, is the hassle, is the disruption, eally of having some buttons printed that read: ceived from the Monsanto Company a re­ worth it? "Help-I've got Hebert by the taU." quest that the Commission deny the NFLPA The answer, from Pat and Jim both, is: And maybe if she keeps speaking out, her petition. "Yes, it is." courage will catch on and the balance of The NFLPA alleges that serious injuries From Jim this "yes" has meant a willing­ power will shift from Hebert to a Schroeder. sustained by persons playing football on ness to set aside his own political and career Sometimes the Davids do defeat the fields covered With artificial turf include knee ambitions and work for a law firm that offers Goliaths. and ankle injuries, cartilage and ligament him neither big money nor great prospects Only time will tell. tears, body burns, staphylococcus infections, but fiexibil1ty-in other words, time to help severe fractures and concussions, heat pros­ his wife. Indeed, it has meant on occasion a. tration, and blistering. willingness to function as a "wife." It was Having considered the information and Jim who fiew East to find and buy their data submitted in support of the NFLPA house, Jim who stayed home with the chil­ ON THE MATTER OF ARTIFICIAL petition, Monsanto Company's comments, dren till a. sitter was hired, Jim who makes TURF and surveillance data reported by the Na­ plenty of trips to the pediatrician. tional Electronic Injury Surveillance System, I know a lot of men who could never han­ the Commission concludes that the evidence dle all that. HON. DAVID R. OBEY is insufilcient to support the proposition that But Jim, Pat Schroeder insists, is not OF WISCONSIN persons playing football on fields covered among them. "I always get a big kick out of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with artificial turf incur a significantly great­ the expression.that comes over his face," she er risk of sustaining more frequent or more says, "when someone asks him how his ego is Thursday, December 13, 1973 severe injuries than persons playing football taking this. He doesn't even understand what Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, this morning on fields covered with natural turf. they mean." the Consumer Product Safety Commis­ The Commission also finds that since foot­ In fact, Pat says, Jim's ego is so secure ball-related activities, equipment, and ap­ that he seriously considered not working at sion announced in the Federal Register parel are ranked seventh in the Commis­ all. The $42,500 Pat earns as a member of that it is denying the National Football sion's listing of hazardous consumer prod­ Congress is more than she and Jim had been League Players Association's petition re­ ucts, based upon the frequency and severity making together, and he thought he might garding the use of artificial turf as a of injuries reported to hospital emergency like to drop out for a while and experiment football playing surface. rooms, any action taken by the Commission with writing or photography. "He has never," I find this announcement confusing to reduce or eliminate unreasonable risks of says Pat, "been the kind of man who was out in light of two prior indications that the injury to consumers associated with playing to own a Cadlllac before he was thirty." Commission is still studying the matter. football should not be limited to the playing Furthermore, having shared the same surface. Further, artificial turf has consumer courses, the same casebooks, the same teach­ A public meeting of the Commission uses other than as a football playing surface; ers at Harvard Law School, they're accus­ and representatives of the NFL Players consequently, the scope of any proceeding tomed to working together, not in competi­ Association has been schduled for Janu­ the Commission might undertake to reduce tion. Jim has always been, and continues to ary 4, 1974, for further discussion of the or eliminate any unreasonable risk of injury be, more turned on by politics than Pat is. matter. Also, an Associated Press story to consumers should include all known and But his interest, she says, is in the policy, yesterday indicated the Commission is possible consumer uses of artificial turf not in the handshaking part, and he's glad considering holding public hearings on coverings. to let Pat be the family politician. the subject of artificial turf as a football Therefore, pursuant to section 10(d) of Indeed, Pat sometimes kiddingly complains the Consumer Product Safety Act (Public that Jim is like a. stage mother, pushing her playing surface. Law 92-573, 86 Stat. 1217; 15 U .S.C. 2059 (d)), on to greater and greater roles. She groans After reading the announcement in notice is hereby given of the Commission's when he plans ahead to her next election, the Federal Register I wrote to Mr. denial of the above-described NFLPA peti­ or when he says that someday she could Richard Simpson, Chairman of the Con­ tion. make a. swell Senator. "I'm not all that sold sumer Product Safety Commission, urg­ Dated: December 6, 1973. on what I'm doing here," she says, "and I'm ing that the meeting and public hearings SADYE E. DuNN' not on a. power trip. I sometimes look at Con­ go forward. Secretary, Consumer Product gress and think, What a ridiculous institu- For the information of my colleagues Safety Commission. tion!" · the Consumer Product Safety Commis­ [FR Doc.73-26414 Filed 12-12-73;8 :45 am) But she also thinks that people who care sion's announcement in today's Federal make a di1l'erence, and in her own modest HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, way Pat Schroeder has-whether it's by spon­ Register and my letter to the Commis­ Washington, D.C., December 13, 1973. sion Chairman be inserted in the REcoRD Mr. RICHARD 0. SIMPSON, soring anti-child-abuse legislation, holding Chairman, Consumer Product Safety housing and tax hearings, getting money for at this point. The articles follow: Commission, Washington, D.C. a. children's museum in Denver or voting to DEAR MR. SIMPSON: This morning the Con­ shut off funds for the bombing of Cambodia. CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION sumer Product Safety Commission an­ It also matters that Pa.t continues to duel NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE PLAYERS nounced in the Federal Register denial ot With Chairman Hebert, who continues to ASSOCXATION the National Football League Players As­ glare at this upstart in his midst. Enthroned Dental of Petition Regarding Artificial Turf sociation's petition regarding artificial turf in his big committee room with its m111ta.ry Covering as a football playing surface. :flags and carpet of stars, Hebert votes a Section 10 of the Consumer Product I find this announcement highly confus­ loud "No! That's the dumbest thing I ever Safety Act (Public Law 92-573, 86 Stat. 1217; ing and inconsistent in llght of two prior heard!" to Pat's dissenting proposals. 15 U.S.C. 2059) provides that any interested indications that the Commission is still She makes them anyway. person may petition the Consumer Product studying the matter. A public meeting of December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41539 the Commission and representatives of the army of bnngling, self-perpetuating Last January, the President chose Howard NFL Players Association has been scheduled OEO bureaucrats screaming, and the Phlliips to lead the assault on the entrenched for January 4, 1974 and a.n Associated Press vast majority of hardworking, taxpay­ poverty programs of OEO. Their enfilading story yesterday indicated the Commission is fire had cut a. wide swath into America's in­ considering holding public hearings on the ing, freedom-loving Americans singing stitutions of freedom. subject of artificial turf as a football play­ his huzzahs." Howie's fight was so successful that in a. ing surface. While Howard Phillips had "won the few short months OEO was infiltrated, dis­ I would sincerely hope and strongly urge first opening skirmish in the new revolu­ mantled in part, and all of its wretched that the meeting and the hearings go for­ tion," Governor Thomson noted that hypocrisy laid bare. ward, for the following reasons: "then the field command was changed. In a brief six months he had Congresa (1.) The Consumer Product Safety Com­ Tragically, there has been no follow­ howling, the army of bungling, self-per­ mission has ranked football-related activi­ through to this all-important conserva­ petuating OEO bureaucrats screaming and ties, equipment and apparel seventh on its the vast majority of hard-working, ta.x:.pa.y­ list of the 365 most hazardous consumer tive victory." ing, freedom-loving Americans singing his products. To finally deny the NFL Players OEO, which was to be dismantled, now huzzahs from the high hills of hope. Association petition dealing with one of the is pursuing virtually all of the programs In brilliant fashion Howie won the first most controversial of these activities--the use meant to be eliminated. In many in­ opening skirmish in the new revolution. Then of artificial turf-on the basis of a staff re­ stances, it is doing so against the wishes the field command was changed. Tragically, port is inconsistent with the Commission's of State officials. there has been no follow-through to this a.Il responsibility to consumers. Governor Thomson believes that our important conservative victory. (2.) It is my understanding that the Com­ free society can only be maintained as We in New Hampshire can testify to the mission has never considered injury data good works of Howard PhUlips during his compiled by the NFL teams. The Players As­ long as power is clearly divided between term as Acting Director of OEO. sociation has been unable to secure this data, the national and State governments. He Early in my administration last winter Dan but I understand it could be made available expressed the view that the new federal­ Joy came to our office to ask 1! we would be to the Commission through the Occupational ism, to work, must fulfill the wishes of interested in sponsoring a. true test of the Safety and Health Administration. State officials, not nonelected bureau­ voucher plan for financing public education. (3.) Despite the lack of official injury data, crats. I responded with a.n enthusiastic "yes". I the Commission did have access to a. study, In his talk he declared that: immedia. tely called in our new chairman of financed by the National Football League, the State Board of Education, William P. which showed substantially more injuries to For 40 years America. has dallied in the Bittenbender and obtained his whole-hearted athletes playing on artificial rather than nat­ garden of socialistic ideas. New federalism approval. ural turf. would set us anew on the path of constitu­ Since then, we have received a. little over ( 4.) The statutes which created the Con­ tional government, where free enterprise and human freedom are the warp and woof of $100,000 from OEO for planning, and the sumer Product Safety Commission prevents encouragement o! such persons as Secreta.ry a petitioner whose petition has been denied our destiny. New federalism would empha­ Weinberger, Presidential Assistant Laird, from going to court. Thus, it would seem that size again the separation of governmental and Vice President Agnew. powers, the division of sovereign powers, and the Commission has a strong responsibility But there are strong educational forces at to conduct thorough and complete investi­ the republican form of government--all guaranteed under the federal Constitution. work to see that nowhere in America. can a. gations-including public hearings when ad­ true voucher plan be tested. Things have visable-before denying a. petition. Thus far, however, the new federalism changed at OEO since January. And the (5.) Finally, denial of the NFL Players As­ has won few such battles. Governor voucher plan proposed for New Hampshire in sociation petition affects a great many more Thomson points out that, "except for the January is in trouble in September. consumers than just the professional play­ We have met With one Federal bureau­ ers. At the present time, there are some 150 brilliant performance of Howard Phillips cratic delay after another. Now we have in installations of artificial turf on football it is having real trouble converting our State a.n evaluation team from the Na.­ playing fields. Only 13 of those are used by theory into practice." tionaJ. Institute of Education. Only this the National Football League. That means Federal bureaucrats, Governor Thom­ morning Mr. Bittenbender advised me that that a. substantial majority of those instal­ son nnderstands all too well, do not like this team is recommending radical changes lations are used by college and high school States. He noted that: to the proposed plan that would dilute and athletes and even some "sandlotters". Actu­ They love regional government. It is a. con­ make useless the wh~le plan. Also, the team ally, the NFL Players Association may be cept foreign to our federal Constitution, wants to delay the experiment originally able to solve its problems with artificial turf where not once does the word region appear. planned for July until November! through collective bargaining with the NFL Yet bureaucrats fight for it because salaries Thus, the liberals fight back. The product owners. But, the thousands of amateur ath­ are plush, the pastures of wasteful frivolity of the seeds of hope planted last spring has letes from grade school through college have lush, and the power of the people nonexist­ been nipped by the chlliing frost of bureau­ no one to protect them from any dangers ent. cratic power! which may result from the use of artificial In another area. New Hampshire moved in turf except the Consumer Product Safety Today, approximately 30 percent of the unison with the President in his fight against Commission. budget of the State of New Hampshire the continuance of those OEO programs that For the above listed reasons, I repeat my were wasteful and ha.rm!ul to our free insti­ comes from Federal funding of one kind tutions. concern that further study be given to the or another. It is, states Governor Thom­ use of artificial turf a.s a. football playing In New Hampshire we have revised the surface. son, "difficult for a State to stand entire State structure for anti-poverty pro­ Sincerely yours, straight and clean above its dependence grams. We wUl now have more State and DAVID R. OBEY, on the Federal Government." local influence on the content and admin­ Member of Congress. The new federalism, if it is to be more istration of these programs. than an empty phrase, must, in Gov­ The State OEO has been replaced with a ernor Thomson's words, "have strong, Division of Human Resources in the Office of independent States operating within the Oomprehensive Planning. THE STATES' SIDE TO NEW The new Division has a much Wider scope. framework of constitutional federalism." It is not limited to OEO programs even FEDERALISM -I wish to share Governor Thomson's though it has &bsorbed control of all func­ iniportant address with my colleagues, tions of the previous OEO operation. HON. PHILIP M. CRANE and insert it into the RECORD at this The new Division provides for an evalua­ time: tion-oriented staff which wUl have the au­ OF ILLINOIS thority and resources to scrutinize and assess IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE STATE'S SmE TO NEW FEDERALISM all human resources programs. (By Gov. Meldrim Thomson, Jr.) Thursday, December 13, 1973 It also will prepare for specia.l revenue Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen, we sharing programs. The new Division wUl be Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, recently, a gather to give testimony to the steadfast and able to admin18W these new programs. testimonial dinner was given in honor effective adherence to the principles of hu­ This Division also wUl provide the infor­ of Howard Phillips, former Acting Direc­ man liberty by a courageous young man. mation needed by county designating agen­ tor of the Office of Economic Opportu­ When President Nixon announced the goals cies who are responsible for authorizing the of new federalism, he launched the new community action programs to administer nity. American revolution. programs. Addressing the dinner audience, Gov. One of the most hea.vny fortified outer It will give them the knowledge to de­ Meldrim Thomson, Jr., of New Hamp­ bastions of liberalism was the Office of Eco­ termine whether these programs are being shire, noted that Philllps, "in a brief 6 nomic Opportunity. It lay directly athwart run correctly. It also can assist them in months . . . had Congress howling, the the course of the new revolution. any changes a.t the local level, such a.s re- 41540 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 13, 1973 moval of p:ograms from the CAPS to other and was more interested in conferences, sem­ the less they have to say about their own agencies 1! they deem it desirable. They will inars and rehab111tation of incorrigibles than lives. have the expertise to oppose programs they in basic law enforcement. If we have spent two hundred years merely and their citizens do not want. Wind of my plan reached the LEAA office to concentrate power in an unresponsive and All of these changes would have been im­ in Boston immediately and brought the Fed­ unrepresentative bureaucratic government possible under a Federal OEO leadership eral official to our State House on the run. in Washington then we have swung full circle which was hostile to democratic ideas. In­ Under the pretext of meeting me, a pleasure back to the London of George lli. stead, Howard Phillips and his staff were which under the circumstances seemed Never, in the long struggle for human free­ receptive to changes which would decen­ highly dubious, he suggested that I should dom, was the need greater for state tralize controls and return these decision­ leave the commission intact . s.:>vereign ty. making powers to the people of NP.W I have heard that kind of advice-just There is no true sovereignty if States are dependent on- Hampshire. short of veiled threats-several times from This is the new federalism at work in New Federal bureaucrats. I have great difficulty Federal handouts for their economic sur­ vival; Hampshire. in refraining from instant adverse reaction. There is nothing really new about the What you and I know but these fellows Legal aid for the indigent from lawyers President's new federalism, as I understand cannot understand is that new federalism not admitted to practice, in some inst ances it. For forty years America has dallied :n the will work only if we have strong, indepen­ with criminal records, and completely un­ dent States operating within the framework accountable to either the legislature or gov­ garden of socialistic ideas. New federalism ernor; and would set us anew on the path of constitu­ of constitutional federalism. The meaning of the dual sovereignty un­ Family planning that dispenses at taxpay­ tional government, where free enterprise and ers' expense and against the will of most huma.:... freedom are the warp and woof of der our federalism was made clear by Madi­ son in the 45th paper of The Federalist where such persons contraceptives to young, un­ our destiny. married teenagers. New federalism would emphasize again the he wrote as follows: "The powers delegated by the proposed In New Hampshire we are fighting hard to separation of governmental powers, the di­ restore State sovereignty so that our people vision of sovereign powers, and the republi­ Constitution to the Federal Government are few and defined. Those which are to remain might once again decide for themselves the can form of government--all guaranteed things that concern their lives, liberties and under the Federal Constitution. in the state governments are numerous and indefinite. The former will be exercised properties and might regulate the internal Thus far new federalism has sought to order, improvements and prosperity of their return to the States and people powe1·s principally on external objects, as war, peace. negotiation, and foreign commerce; with own state. usurped by a voracious and ruthless central Thus, when our State library commission government. Except for the brilliant per­ which last the power of taxation will, for the most part, be connected. recently asked governor and council to join formance of Howard Phillips it is having real several other states in a court action to trouble converting theory into practice. "The powers reserved to the several States will extend to all the objects which, in the strike down the President's impoundment STATE SOVEREIGNTY ordinary course of affairs, concern the lives, order affecting libraries, I informed our There is a State side to new federalism liberties, and properties of the ;>eople, and governor's council that I would not do so. that has been wholly overlooked and the internal order, improvement , and pros­ When the legal assistan ce corporation ap­ neglected. perity of the state." plied to our Crime Commission for funds to The entire Federal concept was found .~d Madison could not conceive of toda.y's mad hire counsel for our State prison, I told on the fact that 13 original and independent rush by governors to Washington for Fed­ commission members that such a grant States voluntarily parted with that portion eral handouts. would not have my approval. of their sovereignty needed to establish a He would have been appalled a.s I was at The Legal Assistant project in our State strong national government, reserving to their reaction to President Nixon's impound­ has a budget higher than that for the Gov­ themselves in the lOth amendment all ment program--one which incidentally had ernor. With this boodle they involve them­ powers ·not expressly delegated to the na­ my wholehearted support from the begin­ selves heavily in lobbying and politics, attack tional government. rung. ' through polltical actions our governmental The two oldest State constitutions, those The supplicants of federal succor de­ institutions, and give perfunctory and often of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, de­ scended on Washington after the impound­ useless service to our indigent. clared their sovereignty prior to June 22, ment orders with tin cups in hand. The But most of all they are a self-perpetuat­ 1788, when New Hampshire's ratification vote litany of their tins was sweet music to their ing and self-directing service entirely unac­ made operative the Federal Constitution. liberal brethren on the Potomac. countable to our citizens or their elected Our State constitution says, and in New Madison in the 46th paper suggested that representatives. Hampshire we believe, that the people have states would fight federal encroachments. Again, when I found that a. family plan­ the sole and exclusive right of governing He said: ning un1t was fostering promiscuity among themselves as a free, sovereign and inde­ "But ambitious encroachments of the fed­ our high school students, I moved to block pendent State; and do, and forever hereafter eral government, on the authority of the further funding until accountab11ity could shall, exercise and enjoy every power, juris­ state governments, would not excite the op­ be established. diction, and right, pertaining thereto, which •position of a single state, or of a few Friends, for years we have railed a.gai.Ilst is not or may not hereafter be, by them states only. They would be signals of gen­ the drift toward uncontrollable bureau­ expressly delegated to the United States of eral alarm. Every government would espouse cratic power in Washington. America in Congress assembled. the common cause." We have protested, we have argued, we Of late years an aggressive Congress and How wrong was Madison these days have have lamented, and we have accommodated. a fawning judiciary have sucked the very thus far proved. Howard Phlllips through And all the while the verities of constitu­ power of sovereignty from the States and OEO started the flow of federal power back tional government have fallen away one by substituted therefor the corrosive substance to the states. But what was a. strong stream one. of dependence. in March has become a trickle in September. Our children cannot pray in school, though Today States are but thin husks of sov­ If President Nixon's new federalism, so our lawmakers mock us by publicly praying, ereignty-anachronistic leftovers of a once essential to the continued life of our re­ and our courts flaunt their hypocrisy by can­ great constitutional concept. They are names public, is to be effective, the states must re­ ing on God to hear our 06ths. and boundaries on maps but little else. assert their sovereignty. This wlll be diffi.­ Our prisons are kept in constant turmoil Federal bureaucrats do not like States. cult, but not impossible. by a Federal Judiciary that is so hopelessly They love regional government. It is a con­ Today's office holders must embrace the out of touch with the mores of our day cept foreign to our Federal Constitution, ideals of yesterday's founding fathers and be and so contemptuous of the Constitution where not once does the word region appear. willing to make the same sacrifice of prop­ that they daily drag this great country to­ Yet bureaucrats fight for it because salaries erty and lives which they mutually pledged ward rule by usurpation for the benefit of are plush, the pastures of wasteful frivolity to each other. special minorities. lush, and the power of the people nonexis­ The struggle is for raw power. Upon the Not untU the short, hopeful, and inspir­ tent. outcome rest the freedom of Americans and ing career of Howard Phllllps did our pro­ Today it is dlffi.cult for a State to stand the ultimate hope of all mankind. tests begin to bear fruit. stralgl:lt and clean above its dependence on Hamilton in the 79th paper neatly summed If nothing else, Howie taught us that the Federal Government. About 30 percent of up toda.y's problem of federal largess as strong citadels of liberal1sm can be breached; our State budget comes from Federal fund­ follows: "In the general course of human that the great powers held in Washington can be redirected back to the people; and that ing of one kind or another. nature, a. power over a man's substance the new federalism of President Nixon can Not only do most of these funds have amounts to a power over his will.'' restore that balance in sovereignty so essen­ strings attached to them but the regulatory The founding fathers knew that a govern­ tial to the survival of our Republic. twine manipulates the Federal puppets in ment that controlled a man's property was He has proved also what Gideon learned an incessant whirling-dervish ecstasy of do's tyrannical no matter by what name it was more than 2,000 years ago, that faith in God and don'ts. called; today's conservatives also know this and uncompromising devotion to high Early in my administration I decided to truism of human liberty. principle can bring victory though the get rid of a crime commission that had no The more distant, complicated and power­ members who cross the brook of decision be evaluation of the effectiveness of its grants ful the sea..t of government from the people few. December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41541 Tonight we pay tribute to the long Ust of Mr. Lasseter, a native of Vienna, Ga., was school by a pollee officer on a motor scooter, contributions Howard Phillips has made to wen-acquainted with North Alabama but that a lack of funds did not permit addi­ the cause of freedotn. Tomorrow, we sh&ll through his service in 1945 as administrator tional security personnel within the school salute him for the promise of greater suc­ of the Farm Security Administration and building, as demanded by the teachers. cess in his goal to restore the power of self­ later as administrator of the Farmers Home "In both cases, with the patrolman and the determ1nat1on to our people. He has fought Corp. In these agencies, his efforts enabled scooter policeman, their presence will de­ the good fight and wm return to share one many veterans returning to this area from pend on other needs in the area," he said. day in the victory. World War n to acquire loans for farm own­ The principal of P.S. 219, Judah Frank, Friends, never in the history of these ership. said children as ·well as adults had been United States of America was there greater He was known to all as a gentleman of un­ robbed in the area. He said none of the adults need for perception, industry and vigilance if usual intellect and compassion for the needs had been seriously injured, except the teach­ we are to preserve in our third century the of others. ing aide, Joyce Rosen. blessings of Uberty thus far achieved under "Kids are harassed coming and going from our Constitution. school and on one occasion a first grader was Howard Ph1111ps has pointed the way. We SAFE SCHOOLS ARE A NECESSITY robbed of his sneakers and his lunch,'' Mr. cannot, we shall not, falter l Frank said. FOR OUR CHILDREN A pollee officer assigned to the area at­ tributed much of the crime in the region to HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM several gangs, "The Jolly Stampers" and "The Dn..LARD BROWN LASSETER, Tomahawks." OF NEW YORK "It 1s a high-crime area," he said. DEDICATED OFFICIAL IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Ko_tlck said that most of the 1,800 Thursday, December 13, 197 3 pupUs at the school were black and most of its teaching staff was white "but there are HON. ROBERT E. JONES Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, the rising no racial overtones in any of this." OF ALABAMA tide of crime upon youngsters on their Mrs. Denise Raker of 232 East ·95th Street, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES way to and from school has prompted at a black woman who is a home-owner and a parent of a P.S. 219 pupU, said as did others Thursday, December 13, 1973 least one community to protest and de­ mand increased police protection of the in the neighborhood, "pollee do not patrol Mr. JONES of Alabama. Mr. Speaker, the community the way they used to when with the passing of Dillard Brown Las­ nearby streets. whites lived here." While I believe that the answer to the Along a string of shops and stores in the seter, November 2, 1973, many Members problem of school crime goes far deeper 1000 block of Clarkson Avenue, others echoed of Congress lost a pleasant friend and than the introduction of security guards Mrs. Raker's complaint. adviser. in and around the school building, I com­ "When you see policemen now they're giv­ For the past 20 years Mr. Lasseter was mend the attached article, appearing in ing out tickets," said W1111am Myers, a cus­ associated with the American Trucking the November 27 edition of the New York tomer in the Three Star barber shop. Association and was well known to me At the 7lst Precinct station house, Sgt. Times, to my colleagues as an indication Thomas Mauro said he could not make "an and numerous Members of the House as of the severity of the problem and the a pleasant companion and a man of great official comment" on the charges, explaining need to act with expedition on the Safe that community relations personnel had left intellect and compassion. for the day. It was my privilege to work with him Schools Act, H.R. 2650. more than 20 years ago when he was ad­ The article follows: [From the New York Times, Nov. 27, 1973] ministrator of the Farmers Home Cor­ ROYBAL'S STATEMENT ON ASSOCI­ poration. With his guidance and counsel ATTACKS IN AN EAsT FLATBUSH SCHOOL SPUR DEMAND FOR POLICE PROTECTION ATED UNIVERSITIES FOR INTER­ we were able to prepare and see enacted NATIONAL EDUCATION legislation which opened opportunities (By George Goodman Jr.) for farm ownership to thousands of vet­ About 150 teachers and parents of pupils demonstrated outside Public School 219 in HON. EDWARD R. ROYBAL erans returning from World War II. the East Flatbush section of Brooklyn yester­ Mr. Lasseter was born in Vienna, Ga., day in an appeal for increased pollee security. OF CALIFORNIA and received a masters degree in politi­ On Nov. 19, a teen-ager entered the school IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cal science from New York University. buildmg at 1060 Clarkson Avenue, walked Thursday, December 13, 1973 After his graduation, he was appointed into a room where a teacher was conducting by President Woodrow Wilson as alan­ an after-school play-center program, "held Mr. ROYBAL. Mr. Speaker, there is guage officer in Peking. He served in a gun to his head and robbed him," said an important part of the Foreign Assist­ World War I as a liaison officer to the Steven Kotick, an organizer of the protest. ance Act which deals with population Mr. Kotick, who is also P.S. 219's chapter planning and health. In this sensitive British Army. representative for the United Federation of In the early 1940's, Mr. Lasseter was Teachers, said that on two other occasions a area development planning must be the appointed deputy administrator of the teacher's aide had been mugged by teen-agers responsibility of each sovereign country. National Youth Administration, one of in the vicinity of the school on her way to U.S. assistance should be administered President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's work during the morning. in a collaborative style to support the de­ creations. In the robbery, the man was not harmed, velopment goals chosen by each country Two years later, Mr. Lasseter was ap­ but Mr. Kotick and others at the school 3aid receiving assistance. Also, the U.S. co­ the woman teacher had been knocked to the operation in development should be car­ pointed regional director of the War ground, beaten and kicked before being Manpower Commission for the District robbed. ried out to the maximum extent possible of Columbia, Virginia, Maryland, and POLICE ACTION AWAITED through the private sector including North Carolina. As director, he was re­ "The demonstration was decided on only those areas, such as educational institu­ sponsible for the coordination of many after the Pollee Department and the District tions. war industrial training programs. 18 Community School Board officials failed Our committee has considered testi­ President Harry Truman appointed to respond to our demands for protection,'' mony presented by a group of U.S. uni­ Mr. Lasseter to be administrator of the Mr. Kotick said. "We are waiting to see 1f they versities, titled "Associated Universities Farm Security Administration in 1945. come through on their assurances and w111 for International Education." This group take other action if they don't do something has made arrangements with universities A year later, he also was appointed ad­ about the situation." ministrator of the Farmers Home Cor­ At several meetings yesterday, representa­ in Latin America to initiate the estab­ poration. tives of the 7lst Precinct pollee command lishing of permanent population centers The Decatur Daily of Decatur, Ala., and Harvey Garner, the district superintend­ by the Latin American universities. Such of which Mr. Barrett Shelton is pub­ ent, discussed demands by teachers for se­ a. program will balance the clinical pro­ lisher, recently printed an editorial con­ curity in the neighborhood, where merchants grams for family planning presently sup­ cerning Mr. Lasseter's passing. I include and residents charge that pollee protection ported by AID with a permanent pro­ the editorial as a. part of my remarks at has deteriorated since whites moved away. gram focusing on each country's social A uniformed patrolman wUl be stationed this point: in the block in which the school is situated and cultural aspects in population A CHAMPXON OF THE TXMES between 10 a.m. and 6 p.m., a spokesman :!or growth, as well as its resources of food, In the passing of Dillard Brown Lasseter, the District 18 School Board said. health, housing, education, and employ­ 79, in Washington, D.C., Friday, we have lost The school board spokesman said that the ment. The Latin American universities a champion in our times. pollee promised continued patrol of the will develop a program that can be in- December 13, 1973 41542 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS the United States to establish a. permanent EXCESSIVE GOVERNMENT troduced into the governmental and edu­ self-sustaining Population Center in each SPENDING cational processes of each country to pro­ country with an international center in vide motivation for responsible parent- Washington, D.C. at Georgetown University. hood. un1 We have sufficient interest and assurances HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK The international coordinating . - from universities in Brazil with the written OF OHIO versity will continue to be located m consent of the Brazilian Minister of Educa­ tion to start this program. We have like IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Washington, D.C. assurances from universities in Mexico and Thursday, December 13, 1973 The universities in Brazil have ob- Colombia.. tained the written consent of the Br~­ We respectfully request the Committee to Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, there­ zilian Minister of Education to put thiS encourage AID to develop a. balanced popula­ cent passage of the Budget and Im­ program into operation. The universities tion program with expenditures in both so­ poundment Control Act by this House in Mexico and Colombia have given as­ cla.l motivation, research and projects as has shown a much needed desire to gain surances of their interest in participat- well as a clinical approach with respect for control over Government spending. This human dignity. desire still has to be translated into the Without this approach the individual in~. believe AID should proceed with t~is population program could be in jeopardy. We actuality of lessening Government ex­ program of the Associated Universit1es note that the present AID population pro­ penditures. for Internatinal Education. gram is barred from Brazil and Mexlco. It Part of the whole problem of excessive The Associated Universities' testimony was recently barred from India.. Government spending is the Govern­ before the House Appropriations Sub­ We enclose complete documentation of the ment's great role in the capital market. commitee on Foreign Operations fol- university program for the record. One of the results has been to increase lows: the cost of borrowing funds for indi­ SUMMARY OF STATEMENT vidual Americans and businesses. At the congressman Passman, Congressman same time the Government's role in this Shriver, and members of this committee: COMMENTS BY ADMIRAL RICKOVER area has led to a further limitation on My name is Father T. Byron Collins, S.J., ON MAN AND HIS WORK the funds available for businesses to :fi­ Special Assistant to Father Robert J. Henle, nance expansion and thereby provide s.J., President of Georgetown University, and Federal Relations Officer for the Con­ more jobs. sortium, Associated Universities for Inter- HON. LEO J. RYAN At this point, I include in the RECORD national Education. OF CALIFORNIA the November, 1973 issue of the Tax With me is Father Harold C. Bradley, S.J., IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Review which deals with "The Govern­ Director of International Programs at mental Competition for Investment Georgetown University and a member of the Thursday, December 13, 1973 Funds." While I do not necessarily agree executive committee of the Board of Direc­ Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, on the occa­ with all the recommendations o.f the ar­ tors of the consortium, Associated Universi­ sion of Admiral H. G. Rickover's appear­ ticle, I do think that they should be ties for International Education. Also with ance before a Senate committee recently, discussed. The text follows: me is Andr~ Hellegers, M.D., Director of Pop· he made some comments about the pur­ THE GOVERNMENTAL COMPETITION FOlt ula.tion Affairs at Georgetown University. It is a pleasure to testify before your Com­ pose of life which, I believe, have value INVESTMENT FuNDS mittee on Appropriations on foreign assist· for every American. The comments are (By Murray L. Weidenba.um) ance. from the text of his testimony: We must seriously consider the possibllity we are here to present a. request of a con­ COMMENTS OF ADMIRAL RICKOVER that the United States has entered a. period sortium of universities in the United States, Man's work begins with his job, or pro­ in which there wlll be a long-run tendency with a center at Georgetown University. our fession. Having a. vocation is always some­ for the demand for capital to outrun the concern lies in the field of the International what of a miracle, like falling in love.... supply of savings to finance it. Moreover, the Population Program of AID. We presented to But having a. vocation means more than situation is likely to be worsened for the you last year the outline of this program. punching a timeclock. One must guard typical business firm by the rising extent to our purpose today is to report to you detalls against banality, ineptitude, incompetence, which the government itself wlll become a of our last year's effort and the need for and mediocrity. major competitor for capital funds. funds for the international consortium of We as a people seem inclined to accept On the supply side, several basic factors Universities. average or mediocre performance. Mediocrity wlll be dampening down the potential for The present program of AID in the field can destroy us just as surely as perils far generating savings. In absolute terms, of of population is strongly oriented to sup­ more famous. It is important that we re­ course, there will be large increases in funds porting only clinical programs for family member to distinguish between what it available for investment. Important forces, planning in other cpuntries. means to fall at a task and what it means to however, are exercising a. depressing effect on We believe that the clinical programs lack be mediocre. There is all the difference in the growth rate of savings. Even with the balancing social and human motivation pro­ the world between the life lived with dignity investment credit back on, our tax system grams in many countries. and style which ends ~p falling, and one does less to encourage private saving and For a year representatives of Georgetown which achieves power and glory, yet is dull, investment than those of most other indus­ have met with staff officers of AID to start unoriginal, unreflective, and mediocre. In a. trialized nations. Moreover, the socla.l secu­ the international university program. real sense, what matters is not so much rity system-which has been expanded and The international university program as­ whether we make a lot of money, hold a. liberalized recently--discourages private sociates indigenous universities in a country prestigious job, or whether we don't; what savings. with universities in other countries to de­ matters is that we become people who seek Finally, consumers-who are the basic velop a national and local rationale for the out others with knowledge and enthusiasm­ source of saving in the economy-wlll be ex­ country in reference to its population that we become people who can enjoy our periencing some adverse factors in this dec­ growth and capab111ty to sustain the growth. own company. ade. The changing age distribution of the U.S. population suggests that, 1f past savings At the suggestion of AID population staff, For the person who strives to excel, to shoulder responsibility and to speak out, patterns are maintained, the personal sav­ we have a planning request filed with the ing rate (although not the absolute amount) Agency for universities in Brazil, Mexico and there is an enemy wherever he turns. The en­ emy is a. man who has a. total wlllingness to could decline over the coming decade. Just Colombia.. The amount of the grant request compare the anticipated trends in the low­ is about $50,000. Georgetown University has delegate his worries about the world to of­ ficialdom. He assumes that only the people saving age groups with the high-saving age expended double that amount already 1n this in authority are in a position to know and brackets, and that does not take much fore­ program. act. He believes tha.t if vital lnforma.tion casting a.blllty because we are talking about The amount estimated for the first phase essential to the making of public decisions people who are already born and living in of this Latin American program from AID is withheld, it can only be for a good rea.- the United States. resources is $2,000,000. From experience, the son.... The prospects are very unfavorable. The Uiilversities 1n BrazU, Mexico and Colombia The enemy is any man whose only concern number of Americans in the high-spencUng, and the United States wUl have to add an- about the world is that it stay in one piece low-saving age brackets (2o-35) w111 be 118- other $2,000,000 to the AID amount to make during his own lifetime. . . . Nothing to him lng substantially, from 46 m1111on 1n 1972 to the program effective. We need the AID funds is less important than the shape of ·things to 60 mlllion in 1982. These are the young peo­ to stimulate the sequential private funds 1n come or the needs of the next generation. ple who borrow hea.vUy, pa.rtlcula.rly to fi­ each country. To struggle against these enemies, and nance and furnish new homes. In strlktng The object of the program 1s to have the against apathy and mediocrity, is to find contrast, the high saving and investment universities in Brazil, Mexico, Colombia and the purpose to llfe. age brackets ( 4Q-54) will show a decline in December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41543 absolute numbers, from 36 million to 34 rowers. Hence, no long-term credit crunch siderable extent, these governmental attri­ mlllion in 1982. should be anticipated, but rather a period of butes are being transferred to the ostensibly On the demand side, in contrast, there relatively high interest rates for the decade private organizations which operate under clearly will be r&pidly rising requirements ahead of us. Competition for funds in se­ Federal auspices. In effect, increasing por­ for new capital investment, in both the pub­ curities markets wlll be sharp, thus exerting tions of available investment funds are being lic and private sectors. Estimates in the a strong upward pressure on interest rates. preempted by government credit agencies tens of billions each have been made for This will be reinforced by the tendency for and are not available to truly private borrow­ such high-priority items as pollution con­ a higher average rate of inflation than in the ers. This means an increasing socialization of trol equipment, housing and communty fa­ past decade-say 4 percent. Although this capital markets, which are such a basic ele­ cilities, mass transportation systems, and level wlll be below the recent peak rates of ment in the strength and durabllity of a pri­ exploration and development of domestic price increase, it wlll stlll be a painfully high vate enterprise system. energy sources. average level. Of course, it is not hard to see the reasons In the public sector, the Tax Foundation Economic trends, however, do not usually for the growing popularity of the govern­ has estimated that new security issues by follow a straight line, at least not for any mental credit mechanisms. Most of them are state and local government will almost substantial period of time. There will con­ not included in the budget itself; hence, double during the current decade, rising tinue to be periodic fiuctuations in business they seem to be a painless way of achieving from $18 billion in 1970 to approximately $35 activity in general and in financial markets national objectives. Moreover, they develop billion in 1980. These estimates of course ex­ and interest rates in particular. The rate of a built-in clientele who receive benefits at clude the periodic refunding of maturing economic growth-and interest rates-will the expense of the rest of society. In the fiscal securities. On this basis, net long-terni debt decline on occasion. But unless fiscal and year 1972 alone, the operation of Federal of states and their localities will more than monetary policy can follow the often un­ credit programs resulted in commitments for double during the 10-year period, rising popular but frequently necessary path of interest subsidies to the beneficiaries of these from $122 billion in 1970 to $260 billion in restraint, inflationary pressures will worsen programs totalling $7 billion. The subsidies 1980. from time to time. This is why so many are in the form of interest rates below those On the Federal side, the amount of ex­ knowledgeable analysts expect that future that the borrowers would have to pay in truly ternal financing essentially will be a mat­ administrations in Washington will, from private credit markets. To compound the ter of fiscal policy. The extent to which the time to time, experiment with various meth­ problem, these are truly hidden subsidies. Federal government, like so many business ods of influencing private wage and price You have to dig out the special analyses that firms, relies on the fiow of internal funds to decisions, ranging from rigid controls to accompany the budget in order to get in­ meet much of its financing requirements voluntary guidelines. formation on them. should not be overlooked. In the govern­ I would now like to turn to an undramatic What should or can be done about this ment's case, it is not retained earnings, but but perhaps equally important change taking situation? Let us tackle this question from rather the current accumulations in the so­ place in the public sector, at least important two viewpoints-first, that of national cial security and other trust funds which in terms of its impact on securities markets. policy, and second, that of the individual are invested in government securities. In the We are witnessing the development of a company. From the viewpoint of national fiscal year 1972, Federal departments and very special kind of financial intermediary, policy, a more hardnosed attitude is required agencies acquired $8 billion of Federal se­ the government-sponsored agencies and the toward these various Federally-sponsored curities. In the fiscal year 1974, these net "agency issues" that result. It may be less credit agencies. purchases are anticipated to total $16 bil­ than one man in a thousand who under­ These programs should be carefully ex­ lion. All in all, the Federal government it­ stands the operations of these Federal credit amined in the government's own budget self will be holding $140 billion of its own programs, but I submit that we all are af­ process. The costs as well as their benefits securities by June 30, 1974. fected by them. Government-sponsored en­ need to be analyzed. Fundamentally llmlts A number of public and private forecasts terprises--such as the Export-Import Bank, should be set on the total volume or' Feder­ show that,"by 1976 or 1977 or some other fu­ the Federal National Mortgage Association, ally-assisted credit being extended and on ture year, the Federal government may be and the Federal Land Banks--are strongly the borrowings of these agencies. operating at a surplus--and, hence, that no influencing and will increasingly determine Just because most of these programs are external financing wlll be needed. For exam­ which private credit needs will be met. no longer included in the Federal budget, ple, the President's January budget estimated Let me cite just a few pertinent facts. In that does not mean that they are without a margin of $35 billion by which revenues 1960, these Federal credit programs repre­ any cost to the nation. The amount of invest­ would exceed outlays, on a full-employment sented about one-tenth of the total funds ment funds generated in our economy 1n a basis, in 1978. Do not be misled by these advanced in credit markets in the United given period of time is llmlted and giving statistical exercises. I have done them my­ States. By 1970, they accounted for two­ speclflc categories of borrowers special pref­ self and find them very useful; but we must fifths. The trend shows no signs of subsiding. erence should be restricted. Every time an­ recognize them as a form of mental gym­ The last few years have seen the establish­ other Federal credit program is set up outside nastics. The key to understanding these, as ment of new ones, such as the Washington of the constraints of the budget, some truly well as any other forecasts, is to look at the Metropolitan Area Transit Authority and the private borrower is nudged out of the credit underlying assumptions. That is critical in Student Loan Marketing Association (Sally markets. this case. The key assumption, which may not Mae). Legislation also has been enacted au­ SEES NEED TO REDUCE GOVERNMENTAL ROLE always be apparent to the users of these fore­ thorizing the government to guarantee pri­ The government's role as an allocator of casts, is that no further change will be made vate loans for ship construction and rural investment funds in our economy needs to in the expenditure programs or revenue development, as well as an Environmental be restricted substantially. The formation of structure of the Federal government. This is Financing Authority. a Federal Financing Bank with real authority plainly unrealistic. If there is anything that There are constant demands for setting up to limit agency lending and borrowing would can be forecast with confidence, it is that stlll more government-sponsored credit agen­ be a major advance-but it would have to over the years the Congress will pass laws cies, including an Energy Research and Devel­ exercise more than the Treasury's traditional increasing spending on existing programs and opment Corporation, a Fanny Rae-a Federal traffic cop function. We also need greater instituting new spending programs. Likely National Railway Association-and literally public recognition that the governmental candidates are not hard to find-ranging an RFC, an Aerospace Reconstruction Fi­ credit device does nothing to expand the from incentives to explore for new energy nance Corporation. It does not take too much volume of capital funds available to the sources to a national health insurance pro­ imagination to foresee that the continuation economy. It involves literally robbing Peter gram to another upturn in the mllitarY of present trends will result in more than to pay Paul. budget. one-half of the ostensibly private credit mar­ Now let us examine this question from the kets of this Nation thus becoming "Federal­ PROJECTIONS SHOW FEDERAL OPTIONS viewpoint of the individual corporate bor­ ized" by the end of the decade. rower. The long-term impact of these trends Please do not interpret this as an attack Of course, there is always some justifica­ seems quite clear. During periods of tight on the projections per se. They are not in­ tion offered for the government setting up tended to be forecasts of reality. Rather, they money, it becomes more d.iffi.cult for un­ these credit activities. Educators are aware assisted corporate borrowers to attract the are a useful input into the policy planning of the financial needs of students and will process by indicating the amount of discre­ capital funds that they require. Most of the not oppose the formation of a Sally Mae. agency issues, after all, are designed to get tion that is available to increase outlays and/ Utility executives are certainly cognizant of or cut taxes within the existing budget struc­ more capital to the nonbusiness borrowers, the need to develop energy sources, and some notably home-owners and farmers. By and ture. In the future, as in the past, the public's may favor setting up an Energy Corporation. appetite for new government services and large, agency issues--whether they bear di­ But we all must realize that this form of rect government guarantees or other Federal benefits likely will outrun the wlllingness to governmental intervention does nothing to pay for this largesse 1n the form of higher support-wiD not be crowded out of the increase the total pool of capital which 1s market. taxes. Thus, on balance, the Federal govern­ available. ment is likely to run deficits and be a net Thus, the burden of tightening monetary demander of investment funds 1n the years CAPITAL MARKETS BEING SOCIALIZED policy 1s increasingly 11kely to fall more ahead. When the national government enters fi­ heavily on the business sector. As is now In practice, available savings w11l be allo­ nancial markets, it possesses advantages not apparent, interest rate movements are be­ eated among the various categories of bor- available to private borrowers. To a very con- coming sharper during periods of credit CXIX--2616-Part 32 41544 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 13, 197iJ stringency (other factors are also at work, to The victory represented not only a fine tremendous blocking he received at the be sure) , as the various classes of borrowers team effort but also a community accom­ line)." bid against each other for the limited supply plished. Local citizens decorated their In explaining the return of the sweep, of investment funds. Merely marginally Diminick said that "it was one of our pet profitable investment opportunities su1fer homes for the event and the local radio plays. We got away from it. Since they (Duns­ during such times. station, WMIM, broadcast a "Salute to more) hadn't seen it, we felt we had to go Clearly, this new type of bond market the Tornadoes" for the entire week pre­ with it." environment is a real challenge to business ceding the game. Prior to the opening kickoff, both Dim1n1ck firms and to their investment advise.rs and The Tornadoes showed the true splrit and Dunmore Coach John Henzes Jr. felt that bankers. Increased attention needs to be de­ of competition. Trailing by 6 to 0 at the the strong wind coming from the northern voted to both designing as well as timing part of the field would "play a big factor" public offerings so that they can compete end of the third quarter, the Tornadoes in the outcome, particularly for field posi­ effectively in capital markets which are be­ showed the ability to come back and not tion in the kicking game. coming increasingly inftuenced by govern­ give up. They kept driving and the score "We hadn't experienced it or anything like ment priorities. ended 15 to 6. it this all year," said Dimintck, whose punter, More fundamentally, an economic environ­ Moreover, these athletes showed their Vince Rawa, did an exceptional job, kicking ment needs to be created that is more con­ excellence not only on the gridiron but four for a 32-yard average, while Dunmore's ducive to private saving and investment. That in the classroom as well. Fully one-half- Rick Coyer, who was averaging between SO wUl require both changes in the tax laws 11 of the 22 offensive and defensive and 35 yards, averaged 23 in four kicks. and greater restraint on government spend­ Henzes said he had nothing special set Ing. On the tax side, the often naive advo­ starters--are honorroll students at the up to beat Mount Carmel, pointing out "that cates of closing tax "loopholes" have little Mount Carmel Area High School. while we must contain them and they are the understanding of or interest in the reasons The citizens of Mount Carmel can be best we have played against, we won't devi­ for incentive provisions, such as their con­ justifiably proud of their fine football ate from what we made a success." tribution to economic growth or to private team and its accomplishments. I am Torando blasts ... Blll Joraskie, who got solutions to national problems. happy to add my congratulations to them off what was a sensational extra point kick, It is ironic that the efforts to increase on this important event. It is truly a had not booted one since the fourth game­ capital gains taxation are far stronger in the of the season when he kicked four PATs United States than in other industrialized privilege and honor to represent them against West Hazelton. Mt. Carmel went for nations, although our tax burden on such in the Congress of the United States. the two pointer more. He kicked a 28-yard gains already is so much higher. In France Mr. Speaker, I insert the newspaper field goal against Minersvllle in the fifth and West Germany, capital gains are entirely accounts of the game and the tributes game-his second of the season ... Ken's exempt from income taxation. In Italy, they to this fine football team from the Mount 14 points was the most in one game by a are only subject to a 9 to 15 percent levy Cannel News-Item, Mount Carmel, Pa., Tornado since Vince Rawa did the same trick by local authorities. Japan only taxes capital and the Reading Eagle, Reading, Pa. in the Panther Valley opener. Rawa, who gains 1f trades in a given year exceed 50 had a shoulder separation that made him transactions or 200,000 shares. The articles follow: a questionable starter Saturday, reinjured On the expenditure side, the pressures for [From the Reading (Pa.) Eagle, Dec. 2, 1973) the shoulder on his second run of the game, new government spending programs do not TORNADOES SWEEP PAST DUNMORE, 15 TO 6: but he did not give up either. While on the seem to be abating at all. The most recent KNEE TAPE HELPs sidelines, he was eagerly awaiting for the candidate 1s the possibUity of substantial (By Sam Procopio) coach to put him in and did a good job Federal aid for the exploration and develop­ MOUNT CARMEL.-It was the return Of the when he went in as a decoy or runner . . . ment of new domestic energy sources. But old, but famous ''Mount Carmel sweep," Although Mount Carmel played with a "no­ despite all the talk about reordering our pri­ and the running of Ken Dim1n1ck, held to­ name" line this year, special attention from orities, we have not really faced the neces­ gether at the left knee with a lot of tape, outsiders has pointed to Ed Shula, a tackle, sary but unpopular task of selecting those and Dave Williams, a center, not to overlook areas of lower priority to which lesser propor­ that was instrumental in giving Coach Joe two outstanding linebackers, Lou Cole and tions of our resources should be devoted. Yet, "Jazz" Dim1n1ck his 116th triumph in 136 Richie Greco, Cole and Kenny Dlminick have games Saturday-the all-time best winning we should realize that the process of estab­ each received more than 40 college offers. lishing a new set of expenditure priorities-­ percentage of .845 for any coach at Mount ... Many signs decorated Mount Carmel. which in itself is necessary and desirable in Carmel or Kulpmont (now part of the Join­ One read: "Even With the energy crisis the ture). a chan~ng world-is not complete until we Big Red Machine is ready to go." . . . have eliminated the old. Sensible restraint When ;the 5-9, 155 pound two-way back on the total amount of Federal spending also came limping off the field in the second would help both in containing inftationary quarter, the concern of Coach Dlminick as a [From the Mt. Carmel (Pa.) News-Item, pressures, and in reducing the governmental father and coach was very visible. Dec. 2, 1973) competition for investment funds. "I can go, dad," Ken assured him at half­ TORNADOES SET REcORD IN Drvx8ION: MOUNT Unless we as a nation act on both the ta.x time. CARMEL TITLE SECOND IN Row and expenditure fronts-to encourage pri­ Could he really go? He had been on (By Jim George) crutches for several days after the Lourdes vate saving and to dampen down government MoUNT CARMEL.-Mount Carmel Area investment-we must seriously consider the games two weeks ago I He ran well against Shamokin last weekend, but was heavily High School's Red Tornadoes used a spec­ very real possibility that this nation has en­ tacular fourth period to become the first tered a period in which the demand for taped by Dr. Joseph Greco, team physician. Dr. Greco noted at the outset of the Dun­ Southern Division tea.m to ever win back-to­ capital tends to outrun the supply of savings back Eastern Pennsylvania Football Confer­ to finance it, and a high level of interest more game that the tape was the only thing that was keeping Ken in the contest, adding ence championships. rates is likely to be the resulting balancing The Tornadoes whipped the Bucks of Dun­ factor. that he will likely have to see a specialist this week to see if the ligament injury to the knee more, 15-6, on the strength of two scoring may need further medical attention. runs by Kenny Diminick, senior son of Head "He took that (second half) kickoff that Coach Joe "Jazz" Diminick. The Tornadoes TRIDUTE TO MOUNT CARMEL AREA nearly put us on the boards • . . He play6$1 had to come from behind for the second game HIGH SCHOOL'S FOOTBALL CHAM­ a helluva ball game," summed up his dad, in a row, showing true championship form. PIONS who rarely lauds his own boys for publlc For three periods the Bucks played in­ quote. spired football while the Tornadoes appeared Ken, who scored 11 TDs this season, ad­ listless as linemen missed many blocks. HON. GUS YATRON mitted: "I couldn't run at my top speed." Then, all of a sudden, Mount Carmel Area "If he were 100 per cent," said one Mount players returned to basic football and good OF PENNSYLVANIA Carmel fan, "we would have blown them out blocking to edge ahead 7-6 on a seven-yard IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES o:t here." touchdown run by Kenny and a placement Thursday, December 13, 1973 The turning point o:t the game came ... kick by Bill Joraskie. "I guess when we found their weak spot A little over two minutes later, the Red and Mr. YATRON. Mr. Speaker, Saturday, on their right side. It was a hit or miSS White returned to the same play as Kenny December 1, 1973 was a special day for thing,'' explained the 1946 Kulpmont grad­ raced 45 yards !or another TD. On the two the citizens of Mount Carmel, Pa. That uate, who starred at Boston College. point bonus try, Kenny again used the same w~ the day on which the Mount Carmel Coach D1m1nick explained that the off-tackle power play to rack up his · thir­ "Mount Carm.el sweep" used during the days Area High School football team defeated o:t Gary D1m1n1ck and Bobby Veach, :tour and teenth and fourteenth points o:t the game a fine team from Dunmore, Pa., marking five years ago, was tried because they ap­ and wrap up the twenty-fourth straight win the first time in history that a team in the peared to have "us well scouted." for Mount Carmel Area. southern division of the Eastern Con­ "After we found it was the soft spot, we More than 10,000 persons sat in perfect ference Class A Football League repeated thought we'd go with lt. ot course, Kenny football weather watching the grid spectacu­ as conference champion. made a good cut (taking advantage of the lar, probably the most colorful and pa.g- December 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 41545 eantry filled high school football champion­ to impeach Richard Nixon. The debate was other hearing on the status of the water ship game played in Eastern Pennsylvania. sobering in its implications, but perhaps even levels of the Great Lakes. Testimony at Through the first three periods, eaoh team more chilling is the news that the series itself appeared to perform only in spurts, with is in grave danger of being canceled. the hearings indicates the status is neither able to find the right play at the Representative Jerome Waldie made an largely unchanged-meaning the Great right time. Many times, the Tornadoes would impressive advocate of impeachment aided Lakes remain at or near their histortc find themselves on a march only to become by Representative Paul McCloskey, the deans high water level marks. untracked by a missed block which would of two law schools and others who saw the Despite an apparent universal recogni­ result in a yardage loss by a running back. action as the only way to "cleanse our system tion of the problems and their scope, But, in the long run, the Red Tornadoes of the ugliness of its present corruption and little or nothing was volunteered by the showed their mettle by pulling out the win to to make it clear to future Presidents and Corps of Engineers and the Interna­ make the Southern Division history. present politicians that Americans demand Ken Diminick, playing his final high school morality, conscience and integrity in their tional Joint Commisison in the way of game, dropped the curtain in spectacular leaders and they do not have suoh in Presi­ solutions to those problems. fashion. Used sparingly as a ball carrier most dent Nixon." The IJC American section chairman, of the season, Ken burst forward in the last The President's approval of the Huston Christian Herter, Jr., informed the sub­ two games to establish himself as a top­ Plan which proposed illegal survelllance and committee that water levels would be notch running back, somewhat in the mold political reprisal against anti-war protesters, higher if the S0-901 regulation plan­ of his older brother, Gary, who holds the blacks and others, was s!ngled out by the that attempts to treat the Great Lakes scoring and rushing records at Mount Car­ proponents as a major justification for im­ mel Area. peachment on constitutional terms. more as a system, instead of on a lake­ Ken carried 17 times for 106 yards against The arguments against impeachment led by-lake basis-had not been instituted. the Bucks, averaging 6.2 yards per carry. He by Wllliam Rusher were based not upon a But Mr. Speaker, this is hardly reassur­ was by far the ~eading rusher in the game and strong bid for presidential integrity, but ing when we realize that Lakes Michi­ if there was an MVP award to be given, Ken upon which might be called "soap box derby" gan, Huron, St. Clair, and my own dis­ would easily have won. On defense, which morality which asserted that other Presi­ trict's Lake Erie are within less than a Ken has admitted he prefers, he accounted dents had been equally guilty and upon the foot of their all-time historical highs­ for at least seven tackles and intercepted a argument that "what is going on here is a ready and waiting for vicious storms like Dunmore pass in the last minute of action. power struggle and if we abandon the rules But, Ken was not the only star for the by which such struggles are conducted in those of November of 1972 to cause more Red and White. Vince Rawa, injured nine favor of such politically atomic weapons as tens of millions of dollars of damage. days earlier, returned to action and was impeachment we will regret it until the day Mr. Speaker, I remain extremely upset stellar in his blocking and the few times he America dies." with the situation and the progress, or carried the ball. His punting was a telling Your own vote may be registered pro or better, the very lack of progress toward factor, also, putting the Bucks in poor field con to The Advocates; Box 1973; Boston permanent solutions to these problems. position a number of times. 02134. No argument put forth for impeachment Recognition of the problems and their Other individual performances were of cause is not enough. We must implement outstanding calibre, but putting them all to­ in this week's debate was a.s persuasive as gether produced another title for the Red Mr. Nixon's determination-long before solutions-not just talk about the situa­ and White, the fifth championship for Mount Watergate--to muzzle the freedom of speech tions that require them. Carmel as an Area and community high on the Public Broadcasting Service. Although Mr. Speaker, in testimony I submit­ school. his attempt seemed unbelievable at the time, ted to the subcommittee, I attempted to each week since then has provided the public make a case for the construction of with additional evidence why such a move would have made sense from the President's regulatory controls on the middle lakes. "THE ADVOCATES" SHOULD standpoiDJt. Lakes Superior and Ontario, both regu­ CONTINUE The most vital element of a successful lated, are within several inches of their democracy is an informed citizenry. In the long-term averages. The unregulated early days of our nation the information was lakes are still in :flood stage. HON. JEROME R. WALDIE supplled in the "town meeting" which 1s now I would like to include for the RECORD OF CALIFORNIA a thing of the past. Today the medium of some excerpts from that testimony: television could be America's new town meet­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing hall but, to its shame, TV has only one EXCERPTS OF TESTIMONY Thursday, December 13, 1973 regularly scheduled vehicle of publlc debate Mr. Chairman, we all realize that water on major issues. Only one. That is "The Ad­ levels are largely a result of nature--we can­ Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, one of the vocates" on PBS. not stop periodic climate changes from oc­ most reliable and consistent forums for Where else on television can you hear both curring-and we realize that certain amounts dissemination of information to the pub­ sides of the Arab-Israeli con.fiict or the of water level fluctuation are inevitable. But lic has been the Public Broadcasting Sys­ Alaska Pipeline or labor disputes? It has Mr. Chairman, a close look at the Great Lakes survived the White House attempts to st11le water levels indicates some interesting things. tem which carries "The Advocates" tele­ it along with all public in!ormation pro­ Using the monthly bulletin of Lake levels for vision program. "The Advocates" is the gramming on PBS. Today "The Advocates" October 1973, prepared by the National only program presently broadcast which is in peril of cancellation because of Presi­ Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration treats issues to public debate. Proponents dent Nixon's veto of a two-year funding plan (NOAA) of the Department of Commerce of opposing viewpoints are given equal which would el1minate PBS' need to crawl these statistics emerge: ' time to espouse their theories on subjects from one year to another. As of the end of October 1973; At present the producers of "The Advo­ Lake Superior-9 inches over the long term ranging from economic policy to capital average. punishment. I was honored to be asked to cates" are $400,000 short of funds needed to continue after February. If it is canceled the Lake Mlchigan-Huron-20 inches over long appear on the program last week as the democratic process in America might as well term averages. advocate of impeachment along with an close its own cotHn insofar as public debate Lake St. Clair-26 inches over long term impressive list of witnesses. on television 1s concerned. average. Reprinted below is an article by Ter­ Let's see now . . . four corporations each Lake Erie--24 inches over long term aver­ rence O'Flaherty of the San Francisco making a contribution of $100,000 each ages. would just about do it. Where are John Lake Ontario-3 Inches over long term av­ Chronicle, pointing out the precarious Mitchell and Maurice Stans now that we erages. financial position of this worthwhile and really need them? These figures are as revealing as they are informative program. It would be a seri­ disturbing: while most of the lakes are above ous blow to the attempts of those who or close to their historical highs, two of them.. feel that the public has a "right to know" LAKE ERIE WATER LEVELS STILL Lakes Superior and Ontario, are at levels far­ to eliminate the only television program "NORMAL"-2 FEET ABOVE AVER­ closer to long term averages than the other AGE middle Great Lakes. While Lake Erie wate; engaging in public debate on issues of levels in my district are about 24 inches, two substantial import to the American full teet, above the long term averages, Lake people. HON. CHARLES A. VANIK Ontario is within only 3 inches of its long The article follows: oF omo term average and Lake Superior is only about 9 inches above its long term average. Lake HONK FOR THE ADVOCATES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ontario is unique because it 1s currently the (By Terrence O'Flaherty) Wednesday, December 12, 1973 lake closest to what might be considered its For 90 gripping minutes this week the "norm.al" level. It has reached that level after only surviVing forum of public debate ava.fl­ Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, the House being more than two feet over its long term able to all Americans-"The Ad.vocates''­ Public Works Committee's Subcommit­ average as recently as 6 months ago. Account.. const

SENATE-Friday, December 14, 1973 The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was The second assistant legislative clerk The message also announced that the called to order by Hon. JAMES A.BoUREZK, read the following letter: House had disagreed to the amendments a Senator from the State of South U.S. SENATE, of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 9142) to Dakota. PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, restore, support, and maintain modem, Washington, D.C., December 14, 1973. emcient ran service 1n the Northeast re­ PRAYER To the Senate: gion of the United States; to designate Being temporarily absent from the Senate in The Reverend Monsignor Patrick J. on official duties, I appoint Hon. JAMES ABou­ a system of essential rail lines the Ryan, major general, U.S. Army