DOCSLIB.ORG

Active Subduction and Collision in Southeast Asiaq

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Active Subduction and Collision in Southeast Asiaq Tectonophysics 333 02001) 1±7 www.elsevier.com/locate/tecto Active subduction and collision in Southeast Asiaq S. Lallemanda,*, C.-S. Liub, J. Angelierc, Y.-B. Tsaid aUMR CNRS-UM2 5573, Laboratoire de GeÂophysique, Tectonique et SeÂdimentologie, ISTEEM, Case 60, place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France bInstitute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, P.O. Box 23-13, Taipei, Taiwan cESA 7072, Laboratoire de Tectonique, UPMC, T.26-25, E1, BoõÃte 129, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris ceÂdex 05, France dSchool of Earth Sciences, National Central University, 38 Wu-Chuan Li, 32054, Chung-Li, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan Keywords: Subduction; Collision; Southeast Asia; Taiwan 1. Introduction orogenic forelands; 04) active tectonics in mountain belts; 05) GPS and kinematics; 06) variations in subduc- This volume contains a collection of 18 papers on tion parameters and their implications; 07) newdata in `Active subduction and collision in Southeast Asia' and around the Taiwan arc-continent collision; 08) presented at the SEASIA International Conference recent geochemical and geophysical advances on arcs and Fourth Sino-French symposium in Montpellier, and back-arcs; 09) complex evolution of arcs and back- France, May 9±12, 1999. Previous Sino-French arcs; and 010) seismicity and tectonics in Taiwan and symposia on Earth Sciences have been held in Taipei models of arc-continent collision. The meeting was 01984 and 1995) and Paris 01988). Proceedings have followed by a four-day ®eld trip in Corsica. been published in Angelier et al. 01986), Angelier Arc-continent collision0s) usually occur before the 01990) and Lallemand and Tsien 01997). main continent±continent collision0s). Ophiolitic More than one hundred scientists have attended this rocks providing evidence for the early stages of moun- fourth meeting, about one half coming from abroad tain building are observed in and around the suture zones 0Fig. 1). The previous Sino-French symposia mainly of most collisional mountain belts. Southeast Asia offers dealt with onland geology. During this meeting, the a wide range of both active and ancient convergent results of both marine research carried out offshore domains, where collisions between arcs and continents Taiwan and in the surrounding seas, and onland played an important role. Black stars in Fig. 2 showsuch studies were presented. active collision zones between the Luzon Arc and the Sixty oral presentations and forty posters were Chinese margin in Taiwan, the Izu-Bonin Arc and presented in ten sessions including 01) SE Asian Central Japan, the Kurile Arc and Hokkaido, the Halma- tectonics and kinematic reconstructions; 02) tectonic hera and Sulu Arcs against the Philippine mobile belt, processes at the Taiwan±Ryukyu junction area; 03) the Timor Arc and the Australian margin, and the Mela- interaction between tectonics and sedimentation in nesian Arc against NewGuinea. The white star marks the area of the collisions between two arc terranes and the Kamtchatka Peninsula during the Early Tertiary and q A preface to the special issue of Tectonophysics. Active subduc- at the end of the Miocene. tion and collision in Southeast Asia 0SEASIA), edited by S. Lalle- Despite its relatively small size, the Taiwan arc- mand, C.-S. Liu, J. Angelier and Y.-B. Tsai. * Corresponding author. continent collision is probably one of the most E-mail address: [email protected] 0S. Lallemand). actively studied in the world. This interest is raised 0040-1951/00/$ - see front matter q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S0040-1951000)00263-8 2 S. Lallemand et al. / Tectonophysics 333 >2001) 1±7 Fig. 1. Group photo of the participants of the SEASIA Meeting in front of the Corum Building of Montpellier 0France). From back left to front right: Robert Hall, Rinus Wortel, Claude Rangin, Jacques Malod, SteÂphane Dominguez, Florent Hinschberger, Philippe Schnurle, Fred Wang, BenoõÃt Deffontaines, Jean-Claude Sibuet, Anne Replumaz, Jonathan Aitchison, Eileen Davis, Kensaku Tamaki, Chao-Shing Lee, Shu-Kun Hsu, Hung-Ming Kao, Siegfried Lallemant, Herman Munsch, Jinder Chow, Martin Block, Chung-Pai Chang, Honn Kao, FreÂdeÂric Mouthereau, Tim Byrne, Laurent Jolivet, Hao-Tsu Chu, Olivier Lacombe, Wim Spakman, Rene Maury, Anne Deschamps, Alexandra Martinez, Dany Hurpin, Edith Hafkenscheid, Heidrun Legelmann, Elena Konstantinovskaya, Francis Wu, Ching-Hui Tsai, Chang Chi-Fong, Xavier Le Pichon, Alexandre Chemenda, Maurice Brunel, Jean-Francois SteÂphan, Marc-Andre Gutscher, Kirk McIntosh, Teh-Quei Lee, Jih-Chuan Tang, Win- Bin Cheng, Jian-Cheng Lee, Jacques Angelier, Shui-Beih Yu, Serge Lallemand, Jean-Paul Cadet, Roland von Huene, Yvonne Font, Mireille PolveÂ, Jacques Malavieille, Yi-Ben Tsai, Chi-Yue Huang, Char-Shine Liu, Bee-Deh Yuan, Ho-Shing Yu, Chia-Yu Lu, Jyr-Shing Lee, Jiun- Chuan Lin, and Wen-Chen Jou. because the collision zone is young 0a fewmillion that elastic energy could be released near the deforma- years), extremely active, easily accessible and well tion front of the orogen with surface displacements up to monitored through geological, geophysical, geodetic 10 m both in the horizontal and vertical directions 0Ma and remote sensing approaches. et al., 1999). Hypocentral and focal determinations of The main plate boundaries in and around Taiwan the mainshock and aftershocks 0Kao and Chen, 2000) are shown in Fig. 3. Major collision occurred in are in agreement with the existence of a seismogenic Taiwan because the continental part of the Eurasia zone dipping 25 to 308 east beneath the central foothills 0EUR) plate 0including the Chinese continental area as expected from a `subduction' earthquake shelf) entered into subduction beneath the Luzon 0Lallemand, 2000; see BB0 on Fig. 3). There exists volcanic arc a fewmillions years ago. A simpli®ed another active fault: the Longitudinal Valley Fault section across the Manila Trench 0AA0 in Fig. 3) 0LVF) that has long been considered as `the' plate shows a typical oceanic subduction, whereas another boundary by many authors. The kinematic role of the section to the north across Taiwan 0BB0 in Fig. 3) LVF as an `eastern Taiwan plate boundary' is high- shows a less typical continental subduction beneath lighted by the occurrence of continuous creep, with an oceanic plate 0i.e. the Philippine Sea Plate, PSP). about 3 cm/year shortening. However, the kinematic The September 21, 1999 Mw7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake, contribution of the thrust zone at the belt front as which occurred in Central Taiwan, clearly demonstrated a `western Taiwan plate boundary' is similar in S. Lallemand et al. / Tectonophysics 333 >2001) 1±7 3 importance. As a rough preliminary estimate, assuming Lallemand and Angelier 02000a,b) have thus that the Chi-Chi earthquake represents about 3 m of proposed that the present-day plate boundary in average shortening and follows a period of about 100 Taiwan is essentially a twin-fault system 0Fig. 3) years of compressive stress accumulation, one obtains with contrasting mechanical behaviors in the upper the same average velocity of 3 cm/year as for the crust 0creep and periodical large earthquakes), at Longitudinal Valley. least for the present. 4 S. Lallemand et al. / Tectonophysics 333 >2001) 1±7 Fig. 3. Location of major plate boundaries in and around Taiwan. The two schematic sections AA0 and BB0 are located on the map. This ®gure is modi®ed from Lallemand and Angelier 02000b) and Lallemand 02000). The papers in this special issue are arranged on the the kinematic reconstructions. Hinschberger et al. basis of the investigation area, starting with Southeast 0this issue) provide additional constraints based on Asia including Indonesia, then moving along the magnetic anomalies interpretation for the Late Paci®c rim from the Kamtchatka to Taiwan. Miocene±Early Pliocene back-arc opening of the South Banda Basin that supports recent geochronolo- gical studies on dredge samples. Their results con®rm 2. The origin of back-arc basins in Southeast Asia the extreme youth of the basin despite its great depth. The paper by Milsom et al. 0this issue) aims at demon- The ®rst paper by Flower et al. 0this issue) presents strating that gravity variations and ophiolite distribu- an extensive reviewof isotopic data supporting a tion around the Banda Sea are consistent with model in which the openings of the Western Paci®c extension in the Sulawesi region following, and as a back-arc basins are linked with the extrusion of East result of Oligo±Miocene collision with an Australian- Asia in response to the `hard' collision between India derived microcontinent. and Eurasia. The link can be obtained by the singu- larity of the asthenosphere that has contaminated the basement of the Western Paci®c arcs, including the 3. Subduction and collision from the Kamtchatka Izu-Bonin±Mariana Arc. The next three papers to the Ryukyus concern the history of subduction, back-arc opening and post-orogenic `collapse' in the Indonesian region. A set of ®ve papers present detailed studies on Hafkenscheid et al. 0this issue) have computed seis- various subduction zones of the northwest Paci®c rim mic velocity models from kinematic reconstructions starting in Kamtchatka 0NE Russia). Konstantinovskaya and compared them to a recent tomographic model. 0this issue) proposes a model of arc-continent collision This technique allows them to discuss the validity of that evolved into a reversal of subduction, based on S. Lallemand et al. / Tectonophysics 333 >2001) 1±7 5 detailed ®eld studies in Kamtchatka. Gutscher 0this subduction are described as a logical suite of events issue) has applied a model of interplate coupling that occur during oblique arc-continent collision. Kao and strain partitioning that was developed for the and Jian 0this issue) provide the global seismogenic northern Andes 0Gutscher et al., 1999), to the `¯at' patterns in Taiwan based on a source parameter subduction of Nankai 0Southwest Japan). The model inversion of 96 earthquakes recorded by the newly infers that a newtranscurrent shear zone is developing established Broadband Array in Taiwan for Seis- along the northern rim of SW Japan, that should mology 0BATS).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (2019): Upper-Mantle Density Structure in the Philippine Sea and Adjacent Region and Its Relation to Tectonics
    Originally published as: Liang, Q., Chen, C., Kaban, M. K., Thomas, M. (2019): Upper-mantle density structure in the Philippine Sea and adjacent region and its relation to tectonics. - Geophysical Journal International, 219, 2, pp. 945—957 DOI: http://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz335 This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Geophys. J. Int. (2019) 219, 945–957 doi: 10.1093/gji/ggz335 Advance Access publication 2019 July 30 GJI Gravity, Geodesy and Tides Upper-mantle density structure in the Philippine Sea and adjacent region and its relation to tectonics Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gji/article-abstract/219/2/945/5541063 by Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam user on 06 September 2019 Qing Liang,1,2 Chao Chen,1,2 Mikhail K. Kaban2,4 and Maik Thomas2,3 1Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 2Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam 14473,Germany 3Institute of Meteorology, Freie Universitat¨ Berlin, Berlin 12165,Germany 4Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS, Moscow 123242, Russia Accepted 2019 July 20. Received 2019 June 14; in original form 2019 February 27 SUMMARY The evolution of the Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) since Jurassic is one of the key issues in the dynamics of lithosphere and mantle. The related studies benefited mostly from seismic tomography which provides velocity structures in the upper mantle.
    [Show full text]
  • Constraints on the Moho in Japan and Kamchatka
    Tectonophysics 609 (2013) 184–201 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Tectonophysics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tecto Review Article Constraints on the Moho in Japan and Kamchatka Takaya Iwasaki a, Vadim Levin b,⁎, Alex Nikulin b, Takashi Iidaka a a Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan b Rutgers University, NJ, USA article info abstract Article history: This review collects and systematizes in one place a variety of results which offer constraints on the depth Received 1 July 2012 and the nature of the Moho beneath the Kamchatka peninsula and the islands of Japan. We also include stud- Received in revised form 12 November 2012 ies of the Izu–Bonin volcanic arc. All results have already been published separately in a variety of venues, and Accepted 22 November 2012 the primary goal of the present review is to describe them in the same language and in comparable terms. Available online 3 December 2012 For both regions we include studies using artificial and natural seismic sources, such as refraction and reflec- tion profiling, detection and interpretation of converted-mode body waves (receiver functions), surface wave Keywords: Kamchatka dispersion studies (in Kamchatka) and tomographic imaging (in Japan). The amount of work done in Japan is Japan significantly larger than in Kamchatka, and resulting constraints on the properties of the crust and the upper- Crustal structure most mantle are more detailed. Upper-mantle structure Japan and Kamchatka display a number of similarities in their crustal structure, most notably the average Moho crustal thickness in excess of 30 km (typical of continental regions), and the generally gradational nature of the crust–mantle transition where volcanic arcs are presently active.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sub-Crustal Stress Field in the Taiwan Region
    Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 26, No. 3, 261-268, June 2015 doi: 10.3319/TAO.2014.12.04.01(T) The Sub-Crustal Stress Field in the Taiwan Region Robert Tenzer1, * and Mehdi Eshagh 2 1 The Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 2 Department of Engineering Science, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden Received 22 May 2014, revised 3 December 2014, accepted 4 December 2014 ABSTRACT We investigate the sub-crustal stress in the Taiwan region. A tectonic configuration in this region is dominated by a col- lision between the Philippine oceanic plate and the Eurasian continental margin. The horizontal components of the sub-crustal stress are computed based on the modified Runcorn’s formulae in terms of the stress function with a subsequent numerical differentiation. This modification increases the (degree-dependent) convergence domain of the asymptotically-convergent series and consequently allows evaluating the stress components to a spectral resolution, which is compatible with currently available global crustal models. Moreover, the solution to the Vening Meinesz-Moritz’s (VMM) inverse isostasy problem is explicitly incorporated in the stress function definition. The sub-crustal stress is then computed for a variable Moho geometry, instead of assuming only a constant Moho depth. The regional results reveal that the Philippine plate subduction underneath the Eurasian continental margin generates the shear sub-crustal stress along the Ryukyu Trench. Some stress anomalies asso- ciated with this subduction are also detected along both sides of the Okinawa Trough. A tensional stress along this divergent tectonic plate boundary is attributed to a back-arc rifting.
    [Show full text]
  • Visualization of the Geophysical Settings in the Philippine Sea Margins by Means of GMT and ISC Data
    Central European Journal of Geography and Sustainable Development 2020, Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages: 5-15 ISSN 2668-4322, ISSN-L 2668-4322 https://doi.org/10.47246/CEJGSD.2020.2.1.1 Visualization of the geophysical settings in the Philippine Sea margins by means of GMT and ISC data Polina Lemenkova* Ocean University of China, College of Marine Geo-sciences, 238 Songling Rd, Laoshan, 266100, Qingdao, Shandong, China; [email protected] Received: 22 February 2020; Revised: 12 March 2020; Accepted: 20 March 2020; Published online: 25 March 2020 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: The presented research aimed to perform geophysical modelling (gravity and geoid) and to evaluate the spatio-temporal variation of the marine geological data (distribution and depth of earthquakes) using combination of the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) and available sources from the International Seismological Centre (ISC-EHB) that produce data on earthquakes as part of seismic survey and regional research projects. The target study area is a Philippine Sea basin (PSB) with two focused marginal areas: Philippine Trench and Mariana Trench, two hadal trenches located in the places of the tectonic plates subduction. Marine free-air gravity anomaly in the PSP shows higher values (>80 mGal) of the gravity fields structure at the volcanic areas and Philippine archipelago. Current study presented comparative geophysical analysis, and mapping free-air gravity and geoid in the Philippine Sea basin area. As a result of this study, the average level of earthquakes located in the Philippine Trench and Mariana Trench areas were compared, and those located in the Philippine archipelago are determined to be in the souther-western part (area of west Mindanao, south-west Visayas islands), while Luzon Islands shown shallower located earthquakes.
    [Show full text]
  • Active Continental Margin
    Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-6644-0_102-2 # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 Active Continental Margin Serge Lallemand* Géosciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France Synonyms Convergent boundary; Convergent margin; Destructive margin; Ocean-continent subduction; Oceanic subduction zone; Subduction zone Definition An active continental margin refers to the submerged edge of a continent overriding an oceanic lithosphere at a convergent plate boundary by opposition with a passive continental margin which is the remaining scar at the edge of a continent following continental break-up. The term “active” stresses the importance of the tectonic activity (seismicity, volcanism, mountain building) associated with plate convergence along that boundary. Today, people typically refer to a “subduction zone” rather than an “active margin.” Generalities Active continental margins, i.e., when an oceanic plate subducts beneath a continent, represent about two-thirds of the modern convergent margins. Their cumulated length has been estimated to 45,000 km (Lallemand et al., 2005). Most of them are located in the circum-Pacific (Japan, Kurils, Aleutians, and North, Middle, and South America), Southeast Asia (Ryukyus, Philippines, New Guinea), Indian Ocean (Java, Sumatra, Andaman, Makran), Mediterranean region (Aegea, Cala- bria), or Antilles. They are generally “active” over tens (Tonga, Mariana) or hundreds (Japan, South America) of millions of years. This longevity has consequences on their internal structure, especially in terms of continental growth by tectonic accretion of oceanic terranes, or by arc magmatism, but also sometimes in terms of continental consumption by tectonic erosion. Morphology A continental margin generally extends from the coast down to the abyssal plain (see Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Philippine Sea Plate Inception, Evolution, and Consumption with Special Emphasis on the Early Stages of Izu-Bonin-Mariana Subduction Lallemand
    Progress in Earth and Planetary Science Philippine Sea Plate inception, evolution, and consumption with special emphasis on the early stages of Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction Lallemand Lallemand Progress in Earth and Planetary Science (2016) 3:15 DOI 10.1186/s40645-016-0085-6 Lallemand Progress in Earth and Planetary Science (2016) 3:15 Progress in Earth and DOI 10.1186/s40645-016-0085-6 Planetary Science REVIEW Open Access Philippine Sea Plate inception, evolution, and consumption with special emphasis on the early stages of Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction Serge Lallemand1,2 Abstract We compiled the most relevant data acquired throughout the Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) from the early expeditions to the most recent. We also analyzed the various explanatory models in light of this updated dataset. The following main conclusions are discussed in this study. (1) The Izanagi slab detachment beneath the East Asia margin around 60–55 Ma likely triggered the Oki-Daito plume occurrence, Mesozoic proto-PSP splitting, shortening and then failure across the paleo-transform boundary between the proto-PSP and the Pacific Plate, Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction initiation and ultimately PSP inception. (2) The initial splitting phase of the composite proto-PSP under the plume influence at ∼54–48 Ma led to the formation of the long-lived West Philippine Basin and short-lived oceanic basins, part of whose crust has been ambiguously called “fore-arc basalts” (FABs). (3) Shortening across the paleo-transform boundary evolved into thrusting within the Pacific Plate at ∼52–50 Ma, allowing it to subduct beneath the newly formed PSP, which was composed of an alternance of thick Mesozoic terranes and thin oceanic lithosphere.
    [Show full text]
  • Contrasting Morphological Trends of Islands in Central Philippines: Speculation on Their Origin
    The Island Arc (2000) 9, 627–637 Thematic Article Contrasting morphological trends of islands in Central Philippines: Speculation on their origin GRACIANO P. YUMUL JR,1* CARLA B. DIMALANTA,1,2 RODOLFO A. TAMAYO JR 1,3 AND JENNY ANNE L. BARRETTO1 1Rushurgent Working Group, National Institute of Geological Sciences, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, 1101, Quezon City The Philippines, (email: [email protected]), 2Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 3UMR 6538 Domaines Océaniques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France Abstract The Palawan microcontinental block collided with the Philippine Mobile Belt in the Central Philippine region resulting in the counterclockwise rotation of Mindoro– Marinduque and clockwise rotation of Panay. The collision also brought about the clock- wise rotation of north-east Negros, Cebu, north-west Masbate and Bohol (collectively called the Western Visayan block), resulting into their present-day northeast–southwest trend. This suggests a far more dramatic role of the collision than was previously recog- nized. Furthermore, the south-east Sulu Sea sub-basin is inferred to have also undergone collision-related clockwise rotation which can account for the observed east-west trending magnetic lineations in the basin. Aside from explaining the contrasting morphological trends of the different islands in Central Philippines, the rotation can also explain, albeit in a different way, how the belts of sedimentary basins, ophiolites and arcs in Panay and Negros can extend to Northern Luzon. Published paleomagnetic data suggest that the collision-related rotation commenced during the early to middle Miocene and had ceased by the late Miocene.
    [Show full text]
  • Interplate Coupling Along the Central Ryukyu Trench Inferred from GPS/Acoustic
    Interplate coupling along the central Ryukyu Trench inferred from GPS/acoustic seafloor geodetic observation Mamoru Nakamura University of the Ryukyus The Ryukyu trench is a major convergent plate boundary where the Philippine Sea plate is subducting at a rate of about 8 cm/yr. Large earthquakes have not been reported along the Ryukyu subduction for the last 300 years. Because the rate of release of seismic moment in the Ryukyu Trench over the last 80 years is 5% in consideration of the plate convergence rate, interseismic coupling in the trench is assumed to be weak.The GPS measurements by Japan Geographical Survey Institute also show the southward motion of Ryukyu arc, which is due to extensional rifting of Okinawa Trough. Backslip by the interplate coupling between the subducting Philippine Sea plate and the overriding Eurasian plate cannot have been detected in the GPS network along the Ryukyu Islands. We have started the GPS/acoustic seafloor observation to detect the inter-plate coupling in the central Ryukyu trench. For this measurement, we used a system capable of performing two main tasks: precise acoustic ranging between a ship station (observation vessel) and seafloor transponders, and kinematic GPS positioning of observation vessels. The seafloor reference point was set at about 33 km landward from the axis of the Ryukyu trench (southeast of Okinawa Island). A set of three acoustic transponders has been installed on the seafloor, at a depth of about 2900m. The transponders are placed to form a triangular. Five campaign observations were carried out for the period from January 2008 to November 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin of Marginal Basins of the NW Pacific and Their Plate Tectonic
    Earth-Science Reviews 130 (2014) 154–196 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Origin of marginal basins of the NW Pacificandtheirplate tectonic reconstructions Junyuan Xu a,⁎, Zvi Ben-Avraham b,TomKeltyc, Ho-Shing Yu d a Department of Petroleum Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China. b Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel c Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA d Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan article info abstract Article history: Geometry of basins can indicate their tectonic origin whether they are small or large. The basins of Bohai Gulf, Received 4 March 2013 South China Sea, East China Sea, Japan Sea, Andaman Sea, Okhotsk Sea and Bering Sea have typical geometry Accepted 3 October 2013 of dextral pull-apart. The Java, Makassar, Celebes and Sulu Seas basins together with grabens in Borneo also com- Available online 16 October 2013 prise a local dextral, transform-margin type basin system similar to the central and southern parts of the Shanxi Basin in geometry. The overall configuration of the Philippine Sea resembles a typical sinistral transpressional Keywords: “pop-up” structure. These marginal basins except the Philippine Sea basin generally have similar (or compatible) Marginal basins of the NW Pacific Dextral pull-apart rift history in the Cenozoic, but there do be some differences in the rifting history between major basins or their Sinistral transpressional pop-up sub-basins due to local differences in tectonic settings. Rifting kinematics of each of these marginal basins can be Uplift of Tibetan Plateau explained by dextral pull-apart or transtension.
    [Show full text]
  • Tomography of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake Area and the Beppu
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Tomography of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake area and the Beppu-Shimabara graben Received: 10 April 2018 Dapeng Zhao, Kei Yamashita & Genti Toyokuni Accepted: 7 October 2018 Detailed three-dimensional images of P and S wave velocity and Poisson’s ratio ( ) of the crust and Published: xx xx xxxx σ upper mantle beneath Kyushu in SW Japan are determined, with a focus on the source area of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (M 7.3) that occurred in the Beppu-Shimabara graben (BSG) where four active volcanoes and many active faults exist. The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake took place in a high-velocity and low-σ zone in the upper crust, which is surrounded and underlain by low-velocity and high-σ anomalies in the upper mantle. This result suggests that, in and around the source zone of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, strong structural heterogeneities relating to active volcanoes and magmatic fuids exist, which may afect the seismogenesis. Along the BSG, low-velocity and high-σ anomalies do not exist everywhere in the upper mantle but mainly beneath the active volcanoes, suggesting that hot mantle upwelling is not the only cause of the graben. The BSG was most likely formed by joint efects of northward extension of the Okinawa Trough, westward extension of the Median Tectonic Line, and hot upwelling fow in the mantle wedge beneath the active volcanoes. Kyushu is one of the four major islands of Japan, in addition to Hokkaido, Honshu and Shikoku (Fig. 1). Te young Philippine Sea (PHS) plate is subducting northwestward beneath the Eurasian plate along the Nankai Trough and the Ryukyu Trench at a rate of 4–5 cm/year, forming a mature subduction zone in Kyushu1,2.
    [Show full text]
  • Seismic Tomography Constraints on Reconstructing
    SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY CONSTRAINTS ON RECONSTRUCTING THE PHILIPPINE SEA PLATE AND ITS MARGIN A Dissertation by LINA HANDAYANI Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2004 Major Subject: Geophysics SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY CONSTRAINTS ON RECONSTRUCTING THE PHILIPPINE SEA PLATE AND ITS MARGIN A Dissertation by LINA HANDAYANI Submitted to Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved as to style and content by: Thomas W. C. Hilde Mark E. Everett (Chair of Committee) (Member) Richard L. Gibson David W. Sparks (Member) (Member) William R. Bryant Richard L. Carlson (Member) (Head of Department) December 2004 Major Subject: Geophysics iii ABSTRACT Seismic Tomography Constraints on Reconstructing the Philippine Sea Plate and Its Margin. (December 2004) Lina Handayani, B.S., Institut Teknologi Bandung; M.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Thomas W.C. Hilde The Philippine Sea Plate has been surrounded by subduction zones throughout Cenozoic time due to the convergence of the Eurasian, Pacific and Indian-Australian plates. Existing Philippine Sea Plate reconstructions have been made based primarily on magnetic lineations produced by seafloor spreading, rock magnetism and geology of the Philippine Sea Plate. This dissertation employs seismic tomography model to constraint the reconstruction of the Philippine Sea Plate. Recent seismic tomography studies show the distribution of high velocity anomalies in the mantle of the Western Pacific, and that they represent subducted slabs. Using these recent tomography data, distribution maps of subducted slabs in the mantle beneath and surrounding the Philippine Sea Plate have been constructed which show that the mantle anomalies can be related to the various subduction zones bounding the Philippine Sea Plate.
    [Show full text]
  • Geodynamic Setting of Izu-Bonin-Mariana Boninites
    Geodynamic setting of Izu-Bonin-Mariana boninites ANNE DESCHAMPS 1 & SERGE LALLEMAND 2 Uapan Marine Science and Technology Centre (JAMSTEC), Deep Sea Research Department, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan (e-mail: deschamps@jamstec, g o.jp ) 2Universite Montpellier 2, Lab. Geophysique, Tectonique & Sedimentologie, cc 060, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, FRANCE Abstract: The Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) forearc is characterized by the occurrence of boninite-like lavas. The study of the Cenozoic setting of the genesis of these boninitic lavas in light of modern geodynamic contexts in the Tonga and Fiji regions lead us to define three tectonic settings that favour the formation of boninites in back-arc basins in addition to previous settings that involve the presence of a mantle plume: (1) propagation at low angle between a spreading centre and the associated volcanic arc; (2) intersection at a high angle of an active spreading centre and a transform fault at the termination of an active volcanic arc; and (3) intersection at a right angle between an active spreading centre and a newly created subduction zone. A geodynamic model of the Philippine Sea Plate shows that boninites in the Bonin Islands are related to the second mechanism mentioned above, whereas Mariana forearc boninites are relevant to the third mechanism. In the early Eocene, the transform plate boundary, bounding the eastern margin of the Philippine Sea Plate at the location of the present-day Mariana arc evolved into a subduction zone that trends perpendicular to the active spreading centre of the West Philippine Basin, some- where around 43-47 Ma.
    [Show full text]