Bu�erfly Conserva�on and the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (UKCEH) formed the European Bu�erfly Monitoring Scheme (eBMS) to bring together data from different Bu�erfly Monitoring Schemes of Europe. All member countries share their data annually to the eBMS database, to analyse and produce the popula�on trends of the European bu�erfly species and European Bu�erfly Indicators.

Visit the eBMS website, www.bu�erfly-monitoring.net to find out more informa�on about bu�erfly monitoring and how to submit your bu�erfly data. If you would like to par�cipate in monitoring bu�erflies permanently in , contact the na�onal coordinator, Miguel L. Munguira: [email protected] Andalusia

This guide was funded by the ABLE project (Assessing Protected species Bu�erfLies in Europe), a European pilot project. Flight period: months when Authors: Cris�na G. Sevilleja (ABLE project officer), Jose bu�erflies are seen Miguel Barea Azcón (Regional Coordinator BMS Spain, Field Guide for bu�erfly iden�fica�on J F M A M J J A S O N D Eastern Andalusia), Rocío Fernández Zamudio (Regional Coordinator BMS Spain, Western Andalusia) y Miguel L. Bu�erfly size: Munguira (Na�onal Coordinator BMS Spain). Small Medium Big Photography: Paolo Mazzei, Marco Bonifacino, Raniero The European Bu�erfly Monitoring Scheme (eBMS) aims to Panfili and Daniel Morel (www.leps.it); Javier Olivares, Jose Sex: collect data to promote the monitoring and conserva�on of this Miguel Barea, Albert Vliegenthart and Chris van Swaay. Female Male group of . To this end, it relies on thousands of volunteers Graphic design: Eveline van der Jagt Symbols: who systema�cally collect field data following a defined Specific characteris�cs to methodology. ABLE - Assessing Bu�erfLies in Europe iden�fy the species eBMS - European Bu�erfly Monitoring Scheme This guide aims to facilitate the task of field iden�fica�on of 93 bu�erfly species in Andalusia (Spain). This guide also serves as a support tool for those involved in the Monitoring of Bu�erflies through the methodologies standardized by eBMS for all of Europe.

Counting butterflies will protect them! Andalusia PAPILIONIDAE Andalusia (87,268 km2) is one of the regions in Europe where the communi�es of bu�erflies are par�cularly rich and unique. It is a typically Mediterranean area that can be divided into three major regions: Sierra Morena (50-1,298 m), Guadalquivir Valley (0-500 m) and Sierras Bé�cas (0-3,482 m). The landscape is extremely diverse and highlights forest areas dominated by Quercus and Pinus forests, agricultural areas, arid steppes, scrublands, wetlands, coastal Iphiclides feisthamelii Papilio machaon Zerynthia rumina ecosystems and mountain areas. J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D In those habitats, we find hot spots of biological diversity in the European and Mediterranean context, as well as the highest point in the en�re Iberian Peninsula (Mulhacén Peak: 3,482 m).

The total number of

species cited in this region THREATENED is around 145, of which 93 species are represented in this guide (around 65%). The most common species have been selected together with a representa�on of the most threatened ones. golgus Agriades zullichi Kretania hesperica J F M A M J � A S O N D J F M A M J � A S O N D J F M A M J � A S O N D Butterfly Monitoring Scheme in Andalusia Currently, the Bu�erfly Monitoring Scheme in Andalusia is carried out in 42 locali�es, where censuses are periodically carried out by transects. The highest concentra�on of transects is in Sierra Nevada and Doñana. Both Protected Areas are part of the two Na�onal Parks in the region. In the Sierra Nevada, work has been underway since 2008 on a bu�erfly monitoring network coordinated by the Sierra Nevada Observatory for Global Change (www.obsnev.es). This Observatory is a joint ini�a�ve of the Ministry of Pseudochazara mercurius Polyommatus violetae Euchloe bazae Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Sustainable Development of the Junta de J F M A M J � A S O N D J F M A M J � A S O N D J F M A M J � A S O N D Andalucía and the University of Granada. 2 11 10 Anthocharis euphenoides Pieris rapae Anthocharis cardamines Colias alfacariensis J J J J F F F F M M M M A A A A M M M M J J J J J J � J A A A A S S S S O O O O N N N N D D D D Colotis evagore Euchloe crameri Colias crocea Pieris napi J J J J F F F F M M M M A A A A M M M M J J J J J J J J A A A A S S S S O O O O N N N N D D D D Parnassius apollo Pontia daplidice Pieris brassicae Aporia crataegi J J J J F F F F M M M M A A A A M M M M J J J J � J J J A A A A S S S S O O O O shape mouse Mickey N N

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D D D D PAPILIONIDAE the app will drawwill the app your route coun�ng while bu�erflies. counts from anywhereEurope. in your Enable GPS and devicesor Apple allows and thecollec�on bu�erflyof to recordCounts. 15-min Itcan beinstalledAndroid on applica�on,The eBMS mobile Bu�erflyCount used , is coun�ngthe bu�erflies all as the weather seen aslong condi�ons are suitable. afixedsimply point. It follows specified for thesame guidelines thetransect, minutesa given in area. can This beapath, adelimited areaas agarden) (such or methodologyAnother eBMScoun�ng isbased in used on bu�erflies for 15 15-min Count: or to eBMS the na�onal coordinators • Report your records to toonot windy rainand sunnywarm, and withno good with done weather: be should • Thevisits Basic rulesto follow: record the different bu�erflytheir respec�ve and species abundances. bu�erflies. Itconsists ofafixed route that visited is a certain with frequency to The transect isthemost method used widely the Europeanin for BMS monitoring throughout Europe. integrated intothe eBMS system,and BMSSpain analyses which thedata collected collectedNatural both in Areas, their respec�ve within MonitoringProgrammes, is Infrastructure ICTS-RBD ofDoñana, (h�p://icts.ebd.csic.es). Theinforma�on through accessible is 2007 and Scien�ficthe Singular Technological and Bu�erfly MonitoringProgramme Natural theDoñana in Area. Itwas ini�ated in In contrast, Biological theDoñana Sta�on coordinates(CSIC) thework the of For more informa�on theeBMS website:visit www.bu�erfly-monitoring.net Methodologies • Walk your transect at aslow, constant pace front5m in each sideand above and you • Count bu�erflies all box, byan imaginary in species individual 2.5mto Transect: Butterfly Count 3 HESPERIIDAE

Lycaena phlaeas Lycaena alciphron Aricia cramera Carcharodus baeticus Hesperia comma Ochlodes sylvanus J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

brick red Lampides boeticus Tarucus theophrastus Favonius quercus Muschampia proto Pyrgus cirsii Spialia sertorius

J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

orange black

Tomares ballus Cacyreus marshalli Satyrium spini Thymelicus acteon Thymelicus sylvestris Thymelicus lineola

J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D PIERIDAE

Callophrys rubi Glaucopsyche melanops Glaucopsyche alexis rhamni Gonepteryx cleopatra Leptidea sinapis J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

4 9 LYCAENIDAE

missing dot faded stains NYMPHALIDAE Danaus chrysippus Danaus plexippus Libythea celtis Zizeria knysna Polyommatus amandus Polyommatus nivescens J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

missing dot bright blue dots aligned pattern points

Argynnis pandora Fabriciana niobe Fabriciana adippe Polyommatus albicans argus/idas Polyommatus thersites J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

Issoria lathonia Euphydryas aurinia Speyeria aglaja Polyommatus icarus/celina Polyommatus bellargus Polyommatus escheri J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

yellowish cell larger

Melitaea celadussa Melitea dydima Melitaea phoebe Cyaniris semiargus Cupido lorquinii Celastrina argiolus J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

8 5 NYMPHALIDAE 7 D D D D N N N N O O O O S S S S A A A A J J J J J J J J M M M M A A A A M M M M F F F F 4 J J J J dots Aglais urticae Lasiommata megera Lasiommata Nymphalis polychloros Melanargia lachesis 3 dots D D D D N N N N O O O O S S S S A A A A J J J J J J J J M M M M A A A A M M M M F F F F J J J J Charaxes jasius Charaxes Lasiommata maera Lasiommata Satyrus actaea Vanessa cardui Vanessa D D D D N N N N O O O O S S S S A A A A J J J J c J J J J white white M M M M A A A A M M M M F F F F J J J J Pararge aegeria Pararge Polygonia c-album Polygonia Chazara briseis Chazara Vanessa atalanta Vanessa hind-wing hind-wing stains D D D D N N N N O O O O S S S S A A A A J J J J J J J J M M M M A A A A M M M M F F F F J J J J Hipparchia semele Hyponephele lycaon Pyronia tithonus Limenitis reducta Y white Y white stain D D D D N N N N O O O O two dots two S S S S A A A A J J J J J J J J M M M M A A A A M M M M F F F F J J J J Hipparchia statilinus Maniola jurtina Pyronia cecilia Brintesia circe Brintesia D D D D N N N N O O O O S S S S A A A A J J J J J J J J M M M M A A A A M M M M

F F F F

J J J J Hipparchia fidia Coenonympha pamphilus Coenonympha Hipparchia alcyone Pyronia bathseba NYMPHALIDAE 6