5.3 Biological Resources

PASADENA GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR CITY OF PASADENA 5. Environmental Analysis

5.3 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES The analysis in this section is based on documents and maps prepared for several development and conservation projects, including the following:

. Open Space and Conservation Element, City of Pasadena, 2012. . Final Arroyo Seco Watershed Assessment, prepared by CDM for the Arroyo Seco Foundation, May 20, 2011. . Final Draft Biological Technical Report, Inventory Surveys of Biological Resources and Landscape Habitat and Restoration Plan at Hahamongna Watershed Park, prepared by Parsons Engineering, Pasadena, 2011.

. Arroyo Seco Master Plans- Hahamongna Watershed Park Master Plan, Lower Arroyo Master Plan, and Central Arroyo Master Plan, City of Pasadena, 2003.

. Arroyo Seco Watershed Management Study, Los Angeles County, California, Feasibility Phase Project Management Plan, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, South Pacific Division, Los Angeles District, May 2005.

. Eaton Wash Corridor Plan, prepared by Thompson Planning Group for the Arroyos & Foothills Conservancy, 2011.

Each of these documents is incorporated by reference herein. These documents are available for inspection at:

. City of Pasadena Permit Center (Window #3) Planning and Community Development Department 175 North Garfield Avenue Pasadena, CA 91101

The Arroyo Seco Watershed Assessment (ASWA) is a comprehensive review of the state of the watershed and of projects to restore and enhance it. The Final Draft Biological Technical Report, Inventory Surveys of Biological Resources and Landscape Habitat and Restoration Plan at Hahamongna Watershed Park was prepared in support of the Master EIR for the Arroyo Seco Master Plan. The Arroyo Seco Master Plans are a set of documents defining the community vision for the Arroyo Seco Natural Park. The purpose of the Arroyo Seco Watershed Management Study was to determine if there is a Federal interest in conducting a cost-shared feasibility study that will develop information and analytical tools to define water, and related resource problems and opportunities within the Arroyo Seco Watershed. The reconnaissance phase effort includes an inventory of problems and opportunities for the watershed and an estimate of the costs for preparing a feasibility study (Corps 2005).

The goal of the Eaton Wash Corridor Plan is to create a comprehensive plan for a continuous, ecological and multi-purpose trail along Eaton Wash through unincorporated Los Angeles County, Temple City, San Gabriel and Rosemead to the confluence with the Rio Hondo in El Monte. The proposed Eaton Wash

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Corridor would be part of the proposed Emerald Horseshoe, a conceptual trail and park system that would extend from downtown Los Angeles and the western San Gabriel Valley to the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains via the Arroyo Seco on the west side and Eaton Wash on the east side (TPG 2011).

5.3.1 Environmental Setting 5.3.1.1 REGULATORY SETTING Federal and State Regulations Endangered Species Act The Federal Endangered Species Act (FESA) of 1973, as amended, was promulgated to protect and conserve any species of plant or animal that is endangered or threatened with extinction and the habitats in which these species are found. “Take” of endangered species is prohibited under Section 9 of the FESA. “Take” is defined under the FESA as “harass, harm, pursue, hunt, wound, kill, trap, capture, collect, or attempt to engage in any such conduct.” Section 7 of the FESA requires federal agencies to consult with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) on proposed federal actions that may affect endangered, threatened or proposed (for listing) species or critical habitat that may support the species. Section 4(a) of the FESA requires that critical habitat be designated by the USFWS “to the maximum extent prudent and determinable, at the time a species is determined to be endangered or threatened.” Critical habitat is formally designated by USFWS to provide guidance for planners/managers and biologists with an indication of where suitable habitat may occur and where high priority of preservation for a particular species should be given. Section 10 of the FESA provides the regulatory mechanism that allows the incidental take of a listed species by private interests and nonfederal government agencies during lawful activities. Habitat conservation plans for the impacted species must be developed in support of incidental take permits for nonfederal projects to minimize impacts to the species and develop viable mitigation measures to offset the unavoidable impacts.

No critical habitat is mapped in or next to the City by the USFWS (2013). The nearest critical habitat to the City is habitat for Braunton’s milk-vetch in the northeast edge of the City of Arcadia and in unincorporated Los Angeles County east of Arcadia, about 2.5 miles east of Pasadena.

Migratory Bird Treaty Act The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 (MBTA) is the federal law that affirms or implements the United States’ commitment to four international conventions with Canada, Japan, Mexico, and Russia for the protection of shared migratory bird resources. The MBTA governs the taking, killing, possession, trans- portation, and importation of migratory birds, their eggs, parts, and nests. It prohibits the take, possession, import, export, transport, sale, purchase, barter, or offering of these items, except under a valid permit or as permitted in the implementing regulations. USFWS administers permits to take migratory birds in accordance with the regulations promulgated by the MBTA.

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Clean Water Act, Section 404 The United States Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) regulates discharges of dredged or fill material into “waters of the United States,”1 including wetlands and nonwetland bodies of water that meet specific criteria. Pursuant to Section 404 of the federal Clean Water Act (CWA), a permit is required for any filling or dredging within waters of the United States. The permit review process entails an assessment of potential adverse impacts to Corps wetlands and jurisdictional waters, wherein the Corps may require mitigation measures. Where a federally listed species may be affected, a Section 7 consultation with USFWS may be required. If there is potential for cultural resources to be present, Section 106 review may be required. Also, where a Section 404 permit is required, a Section 401 Water Quality Certification would also be required from the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB).

Clean Water Act, Sections 401 and 402 Section 401(a)(1) of the CWA specifies that any applicant for a federal license or permit to conduct any activity that may result in any discharge into navigable waters shall provide the federal permitting agency with certification, issued by the state in which the discharge originates, that any such discharge will comply with the applicable provisions of the CWA. In California, the applicable RWQCB must certify that the project will comply with water quality standards. Permits requiring Section 401 certification include Corps Section 404 permits and National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits issued by the Environmental Protection Agency under Section 402 of the CWA. NPDES permits are issued by the applicable RWQCB; the City of Pasadena is within the jurisdiction of the Los Angeles RWQCB (Region 4).

California Fish and Game Code, Section 1600 Section 1600 of the California Fish and Game Code requires that a project proponent notify the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) of any proposed alteration of streambeds, rivers, and lakes. The intent is to protect habitats that are important to fish and wildlife. CDFW may review a project and place conditions on the project as part of a Streambed Alteration Agreement. The conditions are intended to address potentially significant adverse impacts within CDFW’s jurisdictional limits.

California Endangered Species Act The California Endangered Species Act (CESA) generally parallels the main provisions of the FESA and is administered by the CDFW. Its intent is to prohibit take and protect state-listed endangered and threatened species of fish, wildlife, and plants. Unlike its federal counterpart, CESA also applies the take prohibitions to species petitioned for listing (state candidates). Candidate species may be afforded temporary protection as though they were already listed as threatened or endangered at the discretion of the Fish and Game Com- mission. Unlike the FESA, CESA does not include listing provisions for invertebrate species. Under certain

1 "Waters of the United States," as it applies to the jurisdictional limits of the authority of the Corps of Engineers under the Clean Water Act, includes: all waters which are currently used, or were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use in interstate or foreign commerce, including all waters which are subject to the ebb and flow of the tide; all interstate waters including interstate wetlands; all other waters such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent streams), mudflats, sandflats, wetlands, sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or natural ponds, the use, degradation or destruction of which could affect interstate or foreign commerce; water impoundments; tributaries of waters; territorial seas; wetlands adjacent to waters. The terminology used by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act includes "navigable waters" which is defined at Section 502(7) of the Act as "waters of the United States including the territorial seas.”

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conditions, CESA has provisions for take through a 2081 permit or Memorandum of Understanding. In addition, some sensitive mammals and birds are protected by the state as Fully Protected Species. California Species of Special Concern are species designated as vulnerable to extinction due to declining population levels, limited ranges, and/or continuing threats. This list is primarily a working document for the CDFW’s California Natural Diversity Data Base (CNDDB: CDFW 2014), a database of known and recorded occurrences of sensitive species. Informally listed taxa are not protected per se, but warrant consideration in the preparation of biological resources assessments.

5.3.1.2 EXISTING CONDITIONS The vast majority of the City of Pasadena is developed with urban and suburban land uses and has limited sensitive biological resources. Pasadena has open space and other vacant land in the north on the lower slopes of the San Gabriel Mountains; in the Arroyo Seco, such as Hahamonga Watershed Park in the northwest part of the City and Lower Arroyo Park; in the San Rafael Hills along the western City boundary; and in Eaton Wash in eastern Pasadena. The two northern extensions of the City into the San Gabriel Mountains are each bounded on three sides (east, north, and west) by the Angeles National Forest. These areas are described in further detail below.

Existing Conservation Plans and Areas Angeles National Forest The northwest and northeast extensions of the City are both in the Angeles National Forest, which has approximately 700,000 acres extending from the west edge of San Bernardino County in the San Gabriel Mountains to the east edge of Ventura County in the northern Transverse Ranges. The Angeles National Forest provides habitat for more than 180 species identified as sensitive, of concern, or at risk (CBD 2010).

Eaton Canyon Natural Area Eaton Canyon Natural Area is a 190-acre zoological, botanical, and geological nature preserve that is partly in the northeast end of the City (ECNCA 2013). The preserve is owned and operated by the Los Angeles County Department of Parks and Recreation. Eaton Canyon sits at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains and is a seasonal waterway that drains runoff from these mountains to lower elevations of the City.

Arroyo Seco Natural Preservation Area City of Pasadena Municipal Code Chapter 3.32 designates a Natural Preservation Area for the Arroyo Seco that includes, “the Arroyo Seco slope banks, the Lower Arroyo from the south city limit to the Holly Street bridge, the flood control channel area west and south of Brookside Park, and the area north of Brookside Golf Course to Devil's Gate Dam.” The Arroyo Seco is an eight-mile stream course and canyon that traverses the western portion of the City. It provides support for a number of native plant and wildlife communities.

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Proposed San Gabriel Unit, Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area In April 2013 the National Park Service issued a Special Resource Study of the San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains. The selected alternative presented in the study includes the proposed designation of a San Gabriel Unit of the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. The nearest extent of the proposed National Recreation Area unit to Pasadena would be about 0.8 mile northeast of the City boundary in the Angeles National Forest north of the City of Sierra Madre (NPS 2013a; NPS 2013b).

Proposed Rim of the Valley Corridor Special Resource Study

A Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment is being prepared by the National Park Service for a 400,000-acre area that includes the Santa Monica Mountains, western San Gabriel Mountains, Santa Susana Mountains, and Simi Hills. The special resource study will determine whether any portion of the Rim of the Valley Corridor is eligible to be designated a unit of the national park system or added to the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. The study will also explore other ways that private and/or governmental entities can protect resources and provide more outdoor recreation opportunities. The western rim of the City in the San Rafael Hills is in the study area (NPS 2014). The draft study report and environmental assessment is expected to be available for public review in 2014.

Plant Communities / Natural Habitats The habitats in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains support a variety of native plant and animal species, including sensitive animals (e.g., least Bell's vireo [Vireo bellii pusillus]) and sensitive plants (e.g., thread- leaved brodiaea [Brodiaea filifolia]) as well as more common wildlife such as brown bear (Ursus arctos), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and mountain lion (Puma concolor). Existing vegetation types and communities in the City are described below by area and mapped on Figure 5.3-1, Vegetation Zones.

The following sensitive natural communities are documented on the California Natural Diversity Data Base (CDFW 2014) as occurring in the Pasadena region: open engelmann oak woodland, Riversidian alluvial fan sage scrub, southern California arroyo chub/Santa Ana sucker stream, southern coast live oak riparian forest, southern cottonwood willow riparian forest, southern mixed riparian forest, and southern sycamore/alder riparian woodland.

Arroyo Seco Watershed

Riversidian alluvial fan sage scrub is a dry-adapted vegetation community with both coarse and fine soils that are slow to release stored moisture. Low shrubs are common and form a canopy ranging from continuous to intermittent. The ground layer is often variable but usually dominated by grasses and forbs. In the Arroyo Seco watershed, Riversidian alluvial fan sage scrub is only found on alluvial fan terraces along the Arroyo Seco floodplain north of Devil's Gate Dam and along the western edges of most of the spreading basins in the Hahamongna Watershed Park. Riversidian alluvial fan sage scrub has been created and maintained during past flood events when water flow deposited sediments into the Hahamongna Watershed Park flood basin. Today, only remnants of this vegetation community remain in the watershed. Riversidian alluvial fan sage scrub is considered a sensitive habitat by CDFW. Dominant plant species in Riversidian

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alluvial fan sage scrub include scalebroom (Lepidospartum squamatum), California sagebrush (Artemisia californica), California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum var. foliolosum), black sage (Salvia mellifera), white sage (Salvia apiana), brome grasses (Bromus spp.), western sycamore (Platanus racemosa), Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii), southern California black walnut (Juglans californica), brittlebush (Encelia farinosa), chaparral yucca (Yucca whipplei), hairy yerba santa (Eriodictyon crassifolium), laurel sumac (Malosma laurina), lemonadeberry (Rhus integrifolia), Mexican elderberry (Sambucus nigra), mulefat (Baccharis salicifolia), Pacific poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum), prickly pear (Opuntia spp.), deerweed (Lotus scoparius), and four-wing saltbush (Atriplex canescens).

Coastal scrub is a mixture of fire-adapted, woody chaparral species and drought-deciduous sage scrub species. It is often found on dry, rocky, steep, south-facing slopes and ridges with shallow or poorly differentiated soils. It may also be on clay-rich soils that are slow to release stored water. Generally, shrubs in coastal scrub are moderate in height and form a continuous or intermittent canopy over a sparse ground layer. Coastal scrub is found on slopes and sidewalls of the Arroyo Seco watershed in areas devoid of urban influences. It commonly forms indistinct borders with coast live oak forest and woodland and areas of ruderal land and developed areas. Dominant plant species in this habitat include California sagebrush, chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum), California buckwheat, black sage, white sage, laurel sumac, lemonadeberry, sugar bush, deerweed, chaparral yucca, bush monkeyflower (Mimulus aurantiacus), hoaryleaf ceanothus (Ceanothus crassifolius), scrub oak (Quercus berberidifolia), Pacific poison oak, holly-leaf cherry (Prunus ilicifolia ssp. ilicifolia), southern California walnut, brittlebush, Mexican elderberry, toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), and exotics such as Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius) and Peruvian pepper (S. molle).

Southern willow scrub is composed of dense, broad-leafed, winter-deciduous riparian thickets dominated by several willow species, including red willow (Salix laevigata), arroyo willow (S. lasiolepis), and sandbar willow (S. interior), with scattered emergent Fremont cottonwood and westem sycamore. Other plant species common to this community are mulefat and invasive species such as giant cane (Arundo donax), tobacco tree (Nicotiana glauca), and castor bean (Ricinus communis). Ornamental species such as eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), date palm (Phoenix canariensis), fan palm (Washingtonia robusta), and various pines (Pinus spp.) are also often present. Most stands of southern willow scrub are too dense to allow much understory development. Soils in this community are loose sandy or fine gravelly alluvium deposited near stream channels during flood flows. Southern willow scrub is considered a sensitive habitat by the CDFW, and with mulefat scrub, is one of the two terrestrial natural communities in the Arroyo Seco watershed that are composed of vegetation typical of jurisdictional wetland habitats. Southern willow scrub dominates the central riparian corridor of the Arroyo Seco in the Hahamongna Watershed Park, and downstream of the dam near State Route 134 (SR-134) and the Colorado Street Bridge in the natural riparian corridor.

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KNIGHT N CRESTHAVEN MARGUERITA ARDEN SPRINGVALE EUNICE PRES AVON LANGFORD Conifer Forest Grassland RUT GREENWOOD GEORGE C GIDDINGSA RANCH

BELLEFONTAINE GRACE EUCALYPTUS 6 ARCADIA LA LOMA STARLANE E MA MOCKING BIRD GLEN HOLLY CEDARCR PICKWICK 6

ACO MENTOR CL LAKEVIEW 65 SPRINGVALE T RENTMEAD SANTA INEZ SUNNYSLOPE E SAYLIN A R I ALESSANDRO OLIVER WN B CRESTWOOD PINE GROVE MARTHA C WALLINGFORD STARDUST KIRBY SAYLIN CRESTWOOD E BARCLAY MICHILLINDA MERITA MARINERS VIEW ELDER ELLINCOURT

AVONDALE MARIE D KARIN

EUCALYPTUS STARDUST E Natural Vacant/Non-Vacant Developed FAIRVIEW POPPY PEAK MERO ROY EMON RAVENDALE TIPTON AVENUE MERIDIAN LEROY OAK E DUARTE

CLUBHOUSE DGE

UNNAMED UK SUNSET RIDGE OAKLA UNNAMED NEVA AVENUE FR WOODLAND HILLCREST MA RUTHLEE NAOMI STARLIGHT CREST VIDETTE WOO ANNAN WIGMORE HERMOSA PK LOMITA IDG ARROYO EN STARTREK EASY LO R YESDALE

HURLBUT L BUENA VISTA MYOSOTIS HIGHLAND ER RAYMONDALE BURNING TREE LEWIS ILWA TIPTON GRAY LE TOLEDO LEROY MAYESDALE

T CIN COOPER

FLORECITA B MARENGO CRESTHAVEN ALPINE RUBY SAN PASCUAL MERIDIAN LARKDALE M Sagebrush Barren SHAKESPEARE US

MARIANNA OAKLAND

WESTOVER FAIRFIELD ORA AM

MEL PROSPECT ITA

JACKSON CANYONRI

JANE AVENUE 67 YOUNGDALE N

FL ANNAN AVENUE 65 HARDISON BONITA OXFORD LA ENCINA SOUTH VIEW SAN REMO LA VINA

GODBEY DOREMUS LO

ROSALIND PICCOLO C

DEL MO NTE OWN HILLSIDE

LOMA ALTA OLL SU CR REV HARDISON KENMORE OHIO KIRST KARI STONEGLEN GARDEN CANON GAINSBOROUGH POPPY PEAK BURLEIGH ARLINGTON OAK GROVE SAN JUAN NAOMI LTANA

STONELEY SULTANA ONARGA RD LINCOLN MUSCATEL ARLINGTON ALMINAR MOUND ROANOKE M STRICKLAND N ELLINGTON HUNTINGTON URGOYNE OAK KN MILL CANYON DOGWOOD CHANDLER VERA B FO AYESDALE Vegetation FERRON BUSCH DABNEY FOOTHILL Scrub Shrub Ornamental BAPTISTE VISTA FARRINGTON GLENARM GLENARM THURIN UNNAME OAK GROVE PARKBYRN

CHAPMAN L LEROY YOUNGDALE ARROYO SECO PALM HUNTINGTON RUTHLEE STONERIDGE LA PRESA LILAC CANYON L IVAFERN WASHBURN CREST PASADENA RISINGHILL KEWEN EL PRIETO BURWOOD AVOCA NANCY ALTADENA MILL MI MADELINE SUNNY SLOPE IRO GREVELIA CLARK GLENEAGLES BURWOOD MADELINE OAK V BUENA VISTA HUNTINGTON GARDEN

FAIRVIEW DALERIDGE GARFIELD D ALARCON ROMNEY BUSCH GARDEN WALLIS ELLIOTT RANCHO MANGANA ARDENDALE PAULETTE MEADOWVIEW OLD TOLL JOSARD PENTAGON CAMINO REAL MILLARD CANYONLUNA TAMWO RTH GREAT OAK FIGUEROA OLD MILL HILLANDALE LORAIN FORESTRY CAMP EUCLID WENTWORTH DONJAY LAS FLORES REDWILLOW ELLIOTT STRA NOREN UNNAMED OLD MILL WOODLAWN

BROCADERO

ARALIA HILLANDALE AVENUE 63 BARKER DEVIRIAN OLDHAM GOULD GRACE FOOTH PASADENA FERNCROFT OLEANDER CAMINO REAL UNKNOWN CASITAS ST ATE ORD THURIN M

VIRGINIA

Hardwood Forest Chaparral PARK GABRIELINO ALLENDALE HOPE STATE IL HIGHGROVE COVINGTON FRONTAGE LVEO T RAMIRO B MARIPOSA LIN HOOK TREE A ANNI TAATS

GRAND F

PALERMO

INDIANOLA OAK CREST L ALLENDALE ILL S BRENTFORD TERRACE OR N MONTROSE ARDMORE OBER CANYON CREST ARCADIA C EASTVIEW FAIRVIEW LANTANA BRENT SHEFFIELD BROWN MOUND LA PRADA CHURCH RAILROAD FOOTHILL OLN NG

MUSCATEL BELITA VE CRESTF CALLITA STATE DEVIRIAN HOPE MELLOW UNKNOWN O MARIE RAYMOND HILL Open Spaces DORESTA

ARATINA

EATON LAMOUR

ENCINITA MONTEREY LA VINA RO MENDOCINO G HIGHGATE ST ALBANS CHURCH PINEHURST ENCINO CALLITA OLIVETA LARKER PALMA VISTA MISSION EMPEROR PARK WILLARD BROOKMERE EL NID DORIS COLUMBIA OAK CARLARIS ALDAMA DELPHI FORTUNE COLUMBIA CANON DE PARAISO ROSALIND LA PRESA

HILLSIDE HALFORD ENCINITA AVENUE 64

KNIGHT ADELANTE MOCKING BIRD SPRINGVALE EUNICE CRESTHAVEN MARGUERITA Conifer Forest Grassland RUTLAND GREENWOOD CANYONDELL GIDDINGS RANCH STARLANE GRACE MOCKING BIRD ARCADIA PICKWICK CEDARCREST SANTA INEZ SPRINGVALE SAYLIN BRENTMEAD OLIVER BEACON

CIRCLE STARDUST KIRBY SAYLIN MERITA MARINERS VIEW ELDER ELLINCOURT MARIE KARIN STARDUST Natural Vacant/Non-Vacant Developed MERO ROY FAIRVIEW RAVENDALE AVENUE 66 MERIDIAN DUARTE LEROY OAK SUNSET RIDGE NEVA OAKLAWN AVENUE 65 FREMONT WOODLAND HILLCREST MAYESDALE VIDETTE RUTH NAOMI HERMOSA LOMITA ENCINITA EASY LOTUS MYOSOTIS HIGHLAND RIDGE RAYMONDALE

LEWIS

LE GRAY LE TOLEDO LEROY COOPER

FLORECITA MARENGO RUBY SAN PASCUAL MERIDIAN LARKDALE MILWAUKEE Sagebrush Barren LEE

PROSPECT AMBERWOOD

CANYONRIDGE AVENUE 67 YOUNGDALE

FLORAL PK AVENUE 65 HARDISON BONITA

CARMEL DEL MO NTE

LOMA ALTA SULTANA CROWN REVLON HARDISON KENMORE KIRST KARIN SAN JUAN NAOMI

LINCOLN MUSC ALMINAR MOUND MAYESDALE OAK KNOLL MILL CANYON BURGOYNE FERRON DABNEY FOOTHILL Scrub Shrub Ornamental BAPTISTE VISTA THURIN UNNAMED ATEL LEROY YOUNGDALE ARROYO SECO PALM HUNTINGTON RUTHLE CITY OF PASADENA CRESTFORD PASADENA NANCY ALTADENA MILL GREVELIA CLARK MILL VIRO BUENA VISTA HUNTINGTON GARDEN DALERIDGE GARFIELD PENTAGON ARDENDALE CAMINO REAL OLD MILL E FORESTRY CAMP EUCLID LAS FLORES STRATFORD OLD MILL WOODLAWN

FOOTHILL DEVIRIAN OLDHAM CAMINO REAL CASITAS THURIN MILAN

PARK HOPE FRONTAGE RAMIRO BANNING MARIPOSA LINCOLN ALVEO

PALERMO LOBER TERRACE STAATS BRENTFORD MONTROSE ARDMORE BRENT SHEFFIELD FOOTHILL MOUND BELITA CRESTFORD DEVIRIAN HOPE CALLITA UNKNOWN GENERAL PLAN UPDATE LAMOUR DORESTA MENDOCINO MONTEREY

MISSION CALLITA EMPEROR WILLARD EL NIDO PARK DORIS OAK GROVE CARLARIS Source: City of Pasadena General Plan, 2012 DRAFT EIR PRA-06.0L 1/14/2015

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Page 5.3-8 PlaceWorks PASADENA GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR CITY OF PASADENA 5. Environmental Analysis BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

Mulefat scrub is found in areas of intermittent stream channels with a fairly coarse substrate and moderately deep surface water. Like mulefat, other species in this vegetation community are the first to colonize disturbed areas. Other common species include arroyo willow, narrow-leaved willow (Salix exigua), Mexican elderberry, and various sedges (Carex spp.). Some invasive species found in mulefat scrub include giant cane, castor bean, poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), stinging nettle, and cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium). Within the Arroyo Seco watershed, mulefat scrub is found bordering the riparian corridor of the stream channel in the Hahamongna Watershed Park, extending from the toe of the Devil's Gate Dam upstream to near Johnson Field. Downstream of Devil's Gate Dam, mulefat scrub is restricted to natural stream areas that are frequently flooded.

Southern sycamore / alder riverine woodland is very limited in its distribution within the Arroyo Seco watershed. Currently, it is only found bordering the natural stream channel just south of Devil's Gate Dam and Interstate 210 (I-210), continuing downstream to the Brookside Golf Course. In this area, surface flows that pass the dam help sustain sycamore trees. Southern sycamore/alder riverine woodland favors areas of very rocky stream bottoms that are subject to intense seasonal flooding. Stands of southern sycamore/alder riverine woodland form open canopy forests interspersed with shrubby thickets of evergreen and deciduous shrubs. Species of vines and brambles such as Pacific poison oak, California blackberry (Rubus ursinus), and Himalayan blackberry (Rubus discolor), may dominate the understory layer. Other species often include arroyo willow, black willow (Salix gooddingii), red willow, Califomia laurel (Umbellularia californica), coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), Fremont cottonwood, mulefat, Mexican elderberry, ash (Fraxinus spp.), bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum), mugwort (Artemisia douglasiana), stinging nettle (Urtica dioica ssp. holosericea), wild oats (Avena spp.), brome grasses (Bromus spp.), and smilo grass (Piptatherwn miliaceum). Southern sycamore/alder riverine woodland is considered a sensitive habitat by the CDFW.

Coast live oak forest and woodland is associated with upland areas on slopes that are often very steep or on raised stream banks and terraces. Coast live oak may be the sole or dominant tree in the canopy. These oaks reach heights over 100 feet and form a canopy that ranges from mostly open to continuous. Shrubs can be occasional or common in the understory, and the ground surface can range from lacking vegetation to being covered with various grasses. Many understory shrub species are found in coast live oak forest and woodlands. These include black sage, Califomia blackberry, Califomia laurel, California coffeeberry (Rhamnus californica), Califomia sagebrush, chamise, laurel, sumac, Pacific poison oak, scrub oak, toyon, Mexican elderberry, bigleaf maple, box elder (Acer negundo), hairy ceanothus (Ceanothus oliganthus), Engelmann oak (Quercus engelmannii), bush monkeyflower, and various currant and gooseberry species (Ribes sp.). The herbaceous layer is often continuous and dominated by ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus) and other introduced species, such as common chickweed (Stellaria media). In southern California, coast live oak forest and woodland is typically on north-facing slopes and shaded ravines. In the Hahamongna Watershed Park, it occurs on mostly level alluvial fan terraces on the west boundary and on drier, west and south-facing slopes on the east boundary. Downstream of the Devil's Gate Dam, coast live oak forest and woodland distribution is remnant and patchy, and only occurs on side slopes along the west and east watershed boundaries. Coast live oak forest and woodland is considered a sensitive habitat by the CDFW.

Streambed is found in the active stream channel disturbed by annual flooding. It is in the Arroyo Seco watershed, but only in the alluvial plain upstream of Devil's Gate Dam. Streambed occurs in patches in the

January 2015 Page 5.3-9 PASADENA GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR CITY OF PASADENA 5. Environmental Analysis BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

main channel and hosts few plants because of frequent disturbances. Examples of streambed vegetation may include dominant or less abundant plant species also found in southern willow scrub, Riversidian alluvial fan sage scrub, mulefat scrub, and Southern sycamore/alder riverine woodland. In addition to species common to these natural communities, other species in streambed include sedges, rushes (Juncus spp.), cattails (Typha spp.), spikerushes (Eleocharis spp.), bulrushes (Scirpus spp.), willow weed (Po vgonum lapathifolium), and willow herbs (Epilobium spp.).

Wetlands: In the Arroyo Seco watershed, most wetlands are relatively isolated pockets or in remnant stream channels. The most extensive wetlands are found above Devil's Gate Dam, where a matrix of permanent and seasonal wetland is found in such habitat types as riparian woodland, emergent marsh wetland, and at the edges of the stream channels. Much of the area above the dam is mapped by the National Wetlands Inventory as freshwater emergent wetland, and some is mapped as riparian habitat. Freshwater emergent marsh in this area is dominated by cattails, rushes, sedges, and spikerushes.

Annual grassland is characterized by a variety of annual grass species including red brome (Bromus madriensis), slender wild oat (Avena barbata), foxtail fescue (Vulpia myuros), ripgut brome (Bromus diandrus), Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), schismus (Schismus barbatus), and foxtail barley (Hordeum murinum). Other common plants include red-stemmed filaree (Erodium cicutarium), burclover (Medicago polymorpha), summer mustard (Hirschfeldia incana), tocalote (Centaurea melitensis), white-stemmed filaree (Erodium moschatum), common sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus), miniature lupine (Lupinus bicolor), and cheeseweed (Malva parviflora) (Bramlet 2004).

Ruderal lands are areas that have been substantially altered by human disturbance and are thus dominated by invasive vegetation. These areas are found throughout the Arroyo Seco watershed but are most extensive in the southemmost reach. Ruderal lands are maintained by frequent disturbances such as grading, clearing, burning, or flooding, which prevents most native plants from establishing. Ruderal lands occur on virtually any aspect or slope available in the watershed. Frequent disturbances in these areas prevent most plants from growing; however, hardy herbaceous invasives such as prickly Russian thistle (Salsola tragus) and cocklebur are both present.

San Rafael Hills Vegetation communities mapped in the San Rafael Hills in the City include coastal scrub, sagebrush, southern sycamore/alder riparian woodland, nonnative grassland, and coast live oak woodland (USACE 2011). These vegetation communities have been described above. Nonnative grassland is represented in the description above by annual grassland.

Eaton Canyon Habitats in Eaton Canyon include chaparral, coastal scrub, and riparian habitats (LADPR 2010a; LADPR 2010b). Coastal scrub and riparian woodland habitats are described above.

Chaparral consists of dense thickets of woody evergreen shrubs four to eight or more feet high. Most chaparral shrubs have leathery leaves to minimize water loss. Chaparral on dry south-facing slopes often

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consists almost entirely of chamise. Chaparral stands on north-facing slopes are often dominated by mixtures of 6 to 10 shrub species. In addition to chamise, common shrub species include birchleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus betuloides), silk-tassel (Garrya ellipitca), toyon, yerba-santa (Eriodictyon californicum), California buckeye (Aesculus californica), poison oak, laurel sumac, California buckthorn (Rhamnus californica), hollyleaf cherry, Montana chaparral-pea (Pickeringia montana), and California fremontia (Fremontodendron californicum). Chaparral dominates large areas of the foothills of the South Coast, Transverse, and Peninsular Ranges of southern California, especially on drier or shallow soils (Rundel and Gustafson 2005; CDFW 2012).

Sensitive Resources Special status species include those listed as endangered or threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act or California Endangered Species Act, species otherwise given certain designations by CDFW, and plant species listed as rare by the California Native Plant Society. Sensitive natural communities are natural communities that are considered rare in the region by regulatory agencies, that are known to provide habitat for sensitive animal or plant species, or are known to be important wildlife corridors.

Sensitive Plants Sensitive plant species documented as occurring in the Pasadena region in the CNDDB (CDFW 2014) are listed in Table 5.3-1.

Table 5.3-1 Special Status Plant Species Known from the Project Region Status Species Federal/State CNPS/Local Habitat Preference Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. SSC CNPS 1B.2 Chaparral vegetation around rocky outcrops. gabrielensis San Gabriel Mountains. 1500m elev. San Gabriel manzanita Astragalus brauntonii FE CNPS 1B.1 Found in openings of coastal sage scrub and Braunton’s milkvetch chaparral, or in grasslands, often on carbonate soils. Recorded from Clamshell Canyon in Monrovia, east of the Pasadena planning area. Berberis nevinii FE CNPS 1B.1 Found in alluvial fan sage scrub, coastal sage Nevin’s barberry SE scrub and chaparral habitats in sandy, gravelly areas. Known from Arroyo Seco in Pasadena. Brickellia nevinii — LC Found on xeric rock faces in coastal sage Nevin’s brickellbush scrub or chaparral. Known to occur in upper Little Tujunga Canyon and other localities in the west end of the San Gabriel Mountains. Recorded from Eaton Canyon. Brodiaea filifolia FE CNPS 1B.1 Moist grasslands and the periphery of vernal Thread-leaved brodiaea SE pools, playas, cismontane woodland, valley and foothill grasslands, and coastal scrub on clay or alkaline, silty-clay soils. Recorded from Glendora and San Dimas, east of the Pasadena planning area.

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Table 5.3-1 Special Status Plant Species Known from the Project Region Status Species Federal/State CNPS/Local Habitat Preference California macrophylla — CNPS 1B.1 Cismontane woodland, valley and foothill Round-leaved filaree grassland. Clay soils. 15–1200m elev. Recorded from Pasadena. Calochortus catalinae — CNPS 4.2 Perennial and annual grasslands and coastal Catalina mariposa lily sage scrub in lower elevations of the San Gabriel Mountains. Calochortus clavatus var. gracilis — CNPS 2.2 Found in openings of coastal sage scrub and Slender mariposa lily chaparral. Recorded from San Francisquito, Evey, and Mint Canyons. Calochortus plummerae — CNPS 1B.2 Found in coastal sage scrub or chaparral on Plummer’s mariposa lily granitic or alluvial soils, including alluvial fan areas. Recorded from Monrovia, Arroyo Seco, San Gabriel River, Little Tujunga Canyon, and Pacoima Wash. Calochortus weedii var. intermedius — CNPS 1B.2 Coastal scrub, chaparral, valley and foothill Intermediate mariposa-lily grassland. Dry, rocky open slopes and rock outcrops. 105–855m elev. Castilleja gleasoni SR CNPS 1B.2 Lower montane coniferous forest. Mt. Gleason paintbrush On open flats or slopes in granitic soil. Restricted to the San Gabriel Mountains. 1650–1830m elev. Centromadia parryi ssp. australis — CNPS 1B.1 Marshes and swamps (margins), valley and Southern tarplant foothill grassland. Often in disturbed sites near the coast at marsh edges; also in alkaline soils. Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina FC CNPS 1B.1 Openings in coastal sage scrub and San Fernando Valley spineflower SE grasslands; often sandy. Historically recorded from Tujunga Wash. Occurs on open terraces, or in alluvial fans. Chorizanthe parryi var. parryi — CNPS 1B.1 Found in openings of coastal sage scrub or Parry's spineflower chaparral, including alluvial fan areas. Recorded from Mt. Lowe, Upland, Claremont, San Gabriel wash, Lytle Creek, and Texas Canyon. Recorded from Pasadena. Cladium californicum — CNPS 2B.2 Freshwater and alkali marshes, seeps. California saw-grass Freshwater or alkaline moist habitats. 60–600m elev. Dodecahema leptoceras FE CNPS 1B.1 Chaparral, coastal scrub, alluvial fan sage Slender-horned spineflower SE scrub, often on alluvial terraces. Santa Clara, Tujunga, and Santa Ana River watersheds. Galium grande — CNPS 1B.2 Found in chaparral, oak woodland, coniferous San Gabriel bedstraw forest. Recorded from Little Santa Anita Canyon, Sawpit Canyon, Chantry flat, and Mt. Wilson. Recorded from Pasadena. Helianthus nuttallii ssp. parishii — CNPS 1A Marshes and swamps (coastal salt and Los Angeles sunflower freshwater). Historical from southern California. 5–1675m elev. Was observed in south end of Pasadena; but now believed to be extinct.

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Table 5.3-1 Special Status Plant Species Known from the Project Region Status Species Federal/State CNPS/Local Habitat Preference Horkelia cuneata sp. puberula — CNPS 1B.1 Chaparral and coastal sage scrub. Recorded Mesa horkelia from Pasadena. Imperata brevifolia — CNPS 2B.1 Coastal scrub, chaparral, riparian scrub, California satintail Mojavean scrub, meadows and seeps (alkali). 0–500m elev. Juglans californica var. californica — CNPS 4.2 Grasslands, floodplains, oak woodland and Southern California walnut sage scrub/chaparral habitats. Occurs in lower elevations of the west end of the San Gabriel Mountains and associated floodplains. Recorded from Pasadena, including Eaton Canyon. Lasthenia glabrata ssp. coulteri — CNPS 1B.1 Coastal salt marshes, playas, valley and Coulter's goldfields foothill grassland, vernal pools. Usually found on alkaline soils in playas, sinks, and grasslands. 1–1400m elev. Recorded from Pasadena. Lepechinia fragrans — CNPS 4 Found in chaparral from the San Gabriel to the Fragrant pitcher sage Santa Monica Mountains. Recorded from Pasadena. Lepidium virginicum var. robinsonii — CNPS 4.3 Chaparral, coastal scrub. Dry soils, shrubland. Robinson's pepper-grass 1–885 m elev. Recorded from Pasadena. Lilium humboldtii ssp. ocellatum S CNPS 4 Found in shaded canyons in oak and riparian Ocellated Humboldt lily woodlands. Recorded for drainages in the west end of the San Gabriel Mountains. Linanthus concinnus S CNPS 1B Found in lower montane coniferous forest. San Gabriel linanthus Recorded from Mount Markham, Mt. Lowe. Linanthus orcuttii — CNPS 1B Found in gravelly openings in chaparral. Orcutt’s linanthus Historically recorded from Pasadena. Malacothamnus davidsonii — CNPS 1B.2 Occurs in coastal sage scrub, chaparral and Davidson’s bush mallow riparian habitats. Known to occur in the Verdugo Hills, and Little Tujunga Canyon. Muhlenbergia californica — CNPS 4.3 Coastal sage, chaparral, lower montane California muhly coniferous forest, meadows. Usually found near streams or seeps. 400–2000m elev. Recorded from Pasadena. Phacelia stellaris — CNPS 1B.1 Coastal scrub, coastal dunes. Open areas. 1– Brand's star phacelia 400 m elev. Pseudognaphalium leucocephalum — CNPS 2B.2 Riparian woodland, cismontane woodland, white rabbit-tobacco coastal scrub, chaparral. Sandy, gravelly sites. 0–2100m elev. Recorded from Pasadena. Quercus durata ssp. gabrielensis — CNPS 4 Occurs in chaparral on the south slope of the San Gabriel Mtns. Leather oak San Gabriel Mountains. Known localities include Pacoima Canyon, Eaton Canyon, Mt. Lowe trail, Stoddard Canyon and Evey Canyon. Recorded from Pasadena. Quercus engelmannii — CNPS 4 Found in savannas, and oak woodlands. In the Engelmann’s oak San Gabriel Mountain. This species has been recorded from Claremont and Pasadena.

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Table 5.3-1 Special Status Plant Species Known from the Project Region Status Species Federal/State CNPS/Local Habitat Preference Quercus durata ssp. gabrielensis X Q. — LC Found in mesic canyons in chaparral. engelmannii Recorded from Monrovia, Glendora, Sierra San Gabriel oak Madre, and Pasadena. Ribes divaricatum var. parishii — CNPS 1A Riparian woodland. Salix swales in riparian Parish's gooseberry habitats. 65–100m elev. Scutellaria bolanderi ssp. austromontana — CNPS 1B.2 Chaparral, cismontane woodland, lower southern mountains skullcap montane coniferous forest. In gravelly soils on streambanks or in mesic sites in oak or pine woodland. 425–2000m elev. Symphyotrichum greatae — CNPS 1B.3 Chaparral, cismontane woodland. Mesic Greata's aster canyons. 800–1500m elev. Thelypteris puberula var. sonoriensis — CNPS 2 Found along streams and seeps. Recorded Sonoran maiden fern from Pasadena, Santa Anita Canyon, Monrovia Canyon and Roberts Canyon. FED: Federal Classifications California Native Plant Society (CNPS) FE - Listed by the federal government as an endangered species. CNPS 1A - Plants presumed extinct in California. FT - Listed by the federal government as a threatened species. CNPS 1B - Plants considered rare, threatened, or endangered in California and S - Forest Service Sensitive Plant Species elsewhere. STATE: State Classifications CNPS 2 - Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California but more common CE - Listed as endangered by the State of California elsewhere. CT - Listed by the State of California as a threatened species CNPS 3 - Plants about which we need more information: A review list. SSC: Listed as a State Species of Special Concern CNPS 4 - Plants of limited distribution - A watch list. SP - Listed as a Special Plant by the CNDDB (2007) CNPS Threat Extensions SR: Listed by the State of California as rare 0.1 - Seriously endangered in California Other 0.2 - Fairly endangered in California LC - Local concern 0.3 - Not very endangered in California

Three species listed as endangered or threatened under the federal and/or California endangered species acts and identified as historically occurring and currently or potentially present in the Arroyo Seco Watershed are described below.

Nevin’s barberry occurs in sandy or gravelly places between 800 and 2,700 feet in elevation on steep north- facing slopes or on low gradient, south-facing washes. Associated plant communities are alluvial scrub, riverine scrub or woodland, coastal sage scrub, chaparral, and/or oak woodland. Individuals have been documented mainly in wetlands, but have also been identified in nonwetland areas under natural conditions. Nevin’s barberry is known from the lower Arroyo Seco, 0.5 mile north of the Rose Bowl near the corner of Arroyo and Washington Streets. However, this population may not be native. Although rare in nature, this species has become readily available and somewhat common in the nursery trade (USACE 2011).

The slender-horned spineflower was listed as endangered under the State and federal Endangered Species Act in September 1987. This species occurs just below 2,200 feet in elevation on old sandy benches or floodplain terraces containing alluvial fan scrub. A population of this species—now extirpated—was known from Rubio Canyon, next to the Arroyo Seco watershed. Slender-horned spineflower is considered to have some potential to occur in the Arroyo Seco watershed (USACE 2011).

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Braunton’s milk vetch grows in fire-dependent chaparral habitats. Populations are found only on limestone or wash sites following a fire and are known only in Ventura, Los Angeles, and Orange Counties. The remaining populations contain only 20 to 30 individuals, and the current total number of individuals is estimated to be fewer than 100. Within the study area, specimens have been found in Monrovia (Clamshell Canyon) and in the Puente-Chino Hills. The Clamshell Canyon area is designated critical habitat for this species. Threats to this species include direct loss from urban development, fragmentation of habitat, reduced capabilities for sustained ecologic processes, fragmented ownership of single populations resulting in different landscape treatments, alteration in fire cycles, and extinction from naturally occurring events due to small population size and low numbers of individuals (NPS 2011).

Sensitive Wildlife Sensitive animal species known to occur in the Pasadena region are listed in Table 5.3-2.

Table 5.3-2 Special Status Animal Species from Project Region Species Name Status* Habitat Preference Insects San Gabriel Mountains Elfin butterfly S Found on steep slopes w/ sedum. Reported from Tujunga Incisalia mossii hidakupa Canyon, Stoddard Canyon, and San Antonio wash. San Gabriel Mountains blue butterfly S; SA Found in wet meadows. Reported from Big Pines. Plebejus saepiolus aureolus Fish Arroyo chub CSC Reintroduced into Arroyo Seco below Devil’s Gate Dam in Gila orcutti 2008. Santa Ana sucker CSC Endemic to Los Angeles Basin south coastal streams; Catostomus santaanae habitat generalists, but prefer sand-rubble-boulder bottoms, cool, clear water, and algae. Amphibians and Reptiles Coast range newt CSC Found in pools and ponds of perennial streams. Recorded Taricha torosa torosa from Arroyo Seco, Clear Creek, and Eaton Canyon in the Pasadena area. Arroyo toad FE Breeds in stream channels and use stream terraces and Anaxyrus californicus CSC surrounding uplands for foraging and wintering. Favors shallow pools and open sand and gravel flood terraces of medium- to large-sized intermittent or perennial streams that are flooded regularly. Suitable habitat occurs in Arroyo Seco, but surveys carried out in 2002 did not confirm its presence there. California red-legged frog ST Dense, shrubby riparian vegetation associated with deep, Rana draytoni CSC still, or slow-moving water. Recorded from upper Arroyo Seco watershed. There is no suitable habitat for this species in the Pasadena planning area. Southern mountains yellow-legged frog FE, CSC Found in permanent, fast running streams. Historically Rana mucosa recorded from Upper Switzer Campground in Arroyo Seco and in Eaton Canyon, but likely extirpated there. Western spadefoot CSC Open areas with sandy or gravelly soils, in a variety of Spea hammondii habitats including grasslands, chaparral, and sandy washes. Breeds in ponds, streams, and rain pools that do not contain bullfrogs and fish, which prey on tadpoles.

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Table 5.3-2 Special Status Animal Species from Project Region Species Name Status* Habitat Preference Anniella pulchra pulchra CSC Moist loose soils and leaf litter in diverse plant communities, Silvery legless lizard including chaparral, pine-oak and riparian woodlands, desert scrub, and sandy washes. The taxonomy of this species was recently revised, and individuals from the Pasadena area may be referred to as A. stebbinsi. San Diego horned lizard CSC Occurs in variety of habitats including coastal sage, Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillei grassland, chaparral, oak woodland, and riparian woodland with loose sandy soils and abundant native ants or other insects. May be absent from Pasadena planning area. Southwestern pond turtle CSC Slow-water aquatic habitats with available basking sites Actinemys marmorata marmorata (e.g., submerged logs, open mud banks). San Bernardino ringneck snake S Moist habitats, including wet meadows, rocky hillsides, Diadophis punctatus modestus gardens, farmland, grassland, chaparral, mixed coniferous forests, woodlands. Recorded from Sierra Madre, Santa Anita Canyon. Two-striped garter snake CSC Coastal California from vicinity of Salinas to northwest Baja Thamnophis hammondii California. From sea to about 7,000 ft elevation. Highly aquatic, found in or near permanent fresh water. Often along streams with rocky beds and riparian growth. Known from Arroyo Seco, and expected to occur in other foothill streams in the Pasadena planning area. Coastal Rosy Boa S Rocky areas in coastal sage scrub and chaparral. Recorded Lichanura trivergata roseofusca from Eaton Canyon, Sierra Madre, Mt. Wilson. Coast patch-nosed snake CSC Semiarid brushy areas and chaparral in canyons, rocky Salvadora hexalepis virgultea hillsides, and plains. Known from Sierra Madre, Santa Anita Canyon. Birds Black swift CSC Mountain foothill canyons. Known to nest in Santa Anita Cypseloides niger (nesting) Canyon. Burrowing owl CSC Open grassland, fallow fields, sparsely vegetated desert Athene cunicularia scrub, and edges of disturbed lands, where soil is friable for nesting burrows. Historical records from the Pasadena area, but not thought to nest there currently. California spotted owl CSC Montane hardwood-conifer forests, and oak woodland and Strix occidentalis occidentalis S valley foothill riparian at lower elevations. Southwestern willow flycatcher FE Riparian woodland and scrub habitats. Historical nest Empidonax traillii extimus CE records from Arroyo Seco and Eaton Canyon. Potentially occurs in these areas, but unlikely. American peregrine falcon CFP Near wetlands, lakes, rivers, or other water; on cliffs, banks, Falco peregrinus anatum dunes, mounds; also, human-made structures. Nest consists of a scrape or a depression or ledge in an open site. The CNDDB reports a nest in an urban area within the Pasadena quadrangle, but the exact locality is too sensitive to list. Bank swallow CT Colonial nester; nests primarily in riparian and other lowland Riparia riparia habitats west of the desert. Requires vertical banks/cliffs with fine-textured/sandy soils near streams, rivers, lakes, ocean to dig nesting hole. Historical records from Arroyo Seco, but not thought to nest there currently.

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Table 5.3-2 Special Status Animal Species from Project Region Species Name Status* Habitat Preference Least Bell's vireo FE Summer resident of southern California in low riparian in Vireo bellii pusillus CE vicinity of water or in dry river bottoms; below 2000 ft. Nests placed along margins of bushes or on twigs projecting into pathways, usually willow, baccharis, mesquite. Recent records of nesting include Hahamongna Watershed Park in Arroyo Seco. Loggerhead shrike CSC Occurs in grassland, open sage scrub, chaparral, and Lanius ludovicianus desert scrub. Species apparently has declined dramatically (nesting) in coastal southern California in recent years. Recorded from Eaton Canyon. Coastal cactus wren CSC Occurs in coastal sage scrub and chaparral plant Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus cousei communities with substantial cacti (Opuntia sp.) stands. Recorded from the south end of Christy Ave, near the eastern edge of Hansen Dam Park. Yellow warbler CSC Mature riparian forest with well-developed understory. Dendroica petechia brewsteri Known from Arroyo Seco and Eaton Canyon. Coastal California gnatcatcher FT Occur primarily in coastal sage scrub habitat, but also use Polioptila californica californica CSC chaparral, grassland, and riparian habitats where they occur in proximity to sage scrub. The species has not been known to nest in the central portion of the lower San Gabriel Mountains in recent years. A juvenile was observed in central Arroyo Seco in 2001, but was considered a dispersing individual. The species appears to be absent as a nesting species from the Pasadena planning area. Southern California rufous-crowned sparrow WL Sparsely vegetated scrub on hillsides and canyons, Aimophila ruficeps canescens preferring coastal sage scrub dominated by California sagebrush and grassy successional growth. Potential for occurrence in upper reaches of foothill canyons in Pasadena planning area. Yellow-billed Cuckoo SE Breeds in large blocks of dense riparian habitats Coccyzus americanus S (particularly woodlands with cottonwoods (Populus fremontii) and willows (Salix sp.). Historical records from the Arroyo Seco, but probably absent from the Pasadena planning area. Yellow-breasted chat CSC Occurs in dense riparian woodlands, willows thickets, and Icteria virens dense brush along flowing streams. Mammals San Diego black-tailed jackrabbit CSC Occurs in a variety of habitats, including sage scrubs, Lepus californicus bennetti chaparral, agricultural lands, and other disturbed habitats, but prefers open grassland. Pallid bat CSC Occurs in a variety of habitats, including woodlands, scrub, Antrozous pallidus rocky canyons, farm land, and desert. Roosts in rock crevices, old buildings, bridges, caves, mines, and tree cavities. In the region this species is generally associated with sycamore and oak woodlands. Western mastiff bat CSC Variety of habitats, from desert scrub and chaparral to oak Eumops perotis californicus woodland and ponderosa pine, but only where there are significant rock features for roosting. Natural roosts are often found under large exfoliating slabs of granite, sandstone slabs, or in columnar basalt, on cliff faces, or in large boulders. Some roosts have been found in buildings.

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Table 5.3-2 Special Status Animal Species from Project Region Species Name Status* Habitat Preference Hoary bat CSC Occurs in variety of habitats, from lower elevation mixed Lasiurus cinereus coniferous/hardwood forest to higher elevation conifers. Known also from orchards. Migratory, spending winters in the northern part of state and summers along the coast. Solitary species that roosts primarily in coniferous and deciduous trees. Western yellow bat CSC Found in valley foothill riparian, desert riparian, desert Lasiurus xanthinus wash, and palm oasis habitats. Roosts in trees, particularly palms. Forages over water and among trees. Los Angeles pocket mouse CSC Coastal sage scrub and alluvial fan sage scrub habitats. Perognathus longimembris brevinasus Southern grasshopper mouse CSC Scrub habitats with friable soils for digging. Prefers low to Onychomys torridus ramona moderate shrub cover. Feeds almost exclusively on arthropods, especially scorpions, grasshoppers, and crickets. American badger CSC Most abundant in drier open stages of most shrub, forest, Taxidea taxus and herbaceous habitats, with friable soils. Needs sufficient food, friable soils, and open, uncultivated ground. Probably no longer occurs in Pasadena area. San Diego desert woodrat CSC Scrub habitats, usually in association with rock Neotoma bryanti intermedia outcroppings, boulders, cacti, or areas of dense undergrowth. Federal State FE - Federally Endangered SE - State Endangered FT - Federally Threatened ST - State Threatened S - Forest Service Sensitive Species State Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) CSC - California Species of Concern CFP - California Fully-Protected Species SA - Special Animal

Four species listed as endangered or threatened under the federal or California endangered species acts and their potential to occur in the Pasadena plan area are described below.

The Arroyo toad prefers riparian habitats with sandy stream bottoms and cottonwood, sycamore, and willow trees near upland habitats associated with loose sandy soils for burrowing. Preferred stream features include adjacent shallow pools where toads can sit in the water while partially exposed. Breeding occurs in open sandy and gravelly streams. Population declines have been primarily due to habitat loss, streambed alteration, and human activity in stream bottoms.

Habitat that would support the arroyo toad occurs in the Arroyo Seco watershed throughout the Hahamongna Watershed Park and immediately downstream of Devil’s Gate Dam. Arroyo toads were identified in the Arroyo Seco in the late 1990s in a six-mile stretch of the stream extending north from Devil’s Gate Reservoir. The nearest confirmed occurrence of the arroyo toad was in 1991 at Mill Creek, a tributary of Big Tujunga Creek, less than 10 miles northeast of the Arroyo Seco (USACE 2011). No signs of arroyo toads were found in a focused survey in the Arroyo Seco watershed in 2002.

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Coastal California gnatcatcher is found in coastal sage scrub habitat below 2,500 feet elevation. The historical range of coastal California gnatcatchers (CAGN) extended across the coastal counties of Ventura, Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside. They still occur in these locations, with the exception of Ventura and San Bernardino Counties. One juvenile was observed along the central Arroyo Seco in 2001, and CAGN was observed in 1991 in the Verdugo Mountain Park, approximately 12 miles northwest of the Arroyo Seco (Corps/LADPW 2011).

The least Bell’s vireo is a spring and summer breeding resident in the area, migrating south for fall and winter. They primarily inhabit riparian woodlands, scrublands, and thickets for breeding. Population declines are due to urban and agricultural development, habitat alteration, and brood parasitism by the brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater). Rangewide, brown-headed cowbird control (trapping and nest monitoring) has resulted in a nearly 10-fold population expansion of least Bell’s vireos over the last decade. Limited habitat features for the least Bell’s vireo are found in and next to the Arroyo Seco watershed (CDFG 2010). Therefore, it is possible that least Bell’s vireos may use the watershed; however, no occurrences have been documented in past focused surveys (USACE 2011).

The southwestern willow flycatcher is a late spring and summer breeding resident that migrates south for fall and winter. It inhabits riparian woodlands and thickets with surface water and/or very moist soil and understory vegetation, and, in areas with riparian habitat, where willow, cottonwoods, and stinging nettles are dense. Population declines are due to urban and agricultural development, hydrologic and habitat alteration of rivers and streams, and brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds. Preferred habitat features of the southwestern willow flycatcher exist in and next to the Arroyo Seco watershed.

Historically, southwestern willow flycatchers nested throughout California wherever willow thickets or other riparian habitat were found. Current nesting is known only from a few mountain meadows in the Sierra Nevada and several rivers in Trinity, Inyo, Kern, Santa Barbara, Los Angeles, and San Diego Counties. This species has been observed along other rivers in Los Angeles County, but has not been recently found in the Arroyo Seco watershed (USACE 2011).

Wildlife Movement Corridors and Significant Ecological Areas Wildlife corridors are typically narrow habitat patches that follow or connect riparian areas and support frequent movement of a wide range of animals. Habitat linkages are natural areas that connect blocks of habitat and are of sufficient area to serve as “live-in” habitat for plants and animals as well as for movement of many wildlife species, including larger animals such as mule deer and mountain lion. Both linkages and corridors support dispersal and gene flow of plants and animals and in the long term help reduce the effects of habitat fragmentation. Animals also use corridors for small-scale movements in response to seasonal and weather change.

Three main corridors provide varying degrees of habitat connectivity in the Pasadena area:

1. San Gabriel Mountains. The natural habitats in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains support wildlife movement in two directions. Larger animals such as mule deer and bear move altitudinally between the mountain and foothill areas to gain access to habitats seasonally. The foothills above and at

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the urban interface also provide east-west connectivity for the full range of indigenous plant and animal life between the Santa Monica Mountains to the west and the San Bernardino Mountains to the east. The upper reaches of Arroyo Seco and Eaton Canyon within the Pasadena border contribute to these habitat connections.

2. Arroyo Seco is the City’s largest natural open space, comprising eight miles of natural, seminatural, and developed land uses from the San Gabriel Mountains to the southwestern City limit, with potential for connectivity to the Los Angeles River. Several partial barriers to aquatic and terrestrial habitat connectivity exist between the upper and lower Arroyo Seco such as the Devil's Gate Dam and I-210. Smaller areas such as Cottonwood Canyon in the Linda Vista neighborhood provide connectivity between the San Raphael Hills and Arroyo Seco.

3. Eaton Canyon, which contains four neighborhood parks and the preserve known as the Eaton Canyon Natural Area amid County flood control channels and basins.

Although the City’s canyon areas (Arroyo Seco, Eaton, and Hastings) support wildlife movement, this function is minimized in the southern reaches of the stream courses where they flow through concrete channels, which provide limited habitat cover and do not directly link natural open spaces to the south. Regional movement of larger mammal species with expansive home ranges, such as mule deer is not likely to occur in the channels. Insects, amphibians, reptiles, small and medium-sized mammals—including urban- adapted species such as raccoon, Virginia opossum, striped skunk, and coyote—and bird species are likely to use the channels as local wildlife movement corridors within the City.

The Los Angeles County Planning Department confers Significant Ecological Area (SEA) designation to lands with irreplaceable biological resources. Individual SEAs include undisturbed or lightly disturbed habitat supporting valuable and threatened species and linkages and corridors to promote species movement, and they are sized to support sustainable populations of component species. Development within an SEA is not prohibited, but the county’s general plan requires development to be limited and controlled in order to avoid impacting valuable biological resources. Therefore, an extensive analysis of biological impacts is required for projects in an SEA.

The Pasadena planning area does not include any existing SEAs. However, the proposed Altadena Foothills and Arroyos SEA includes parts of the Hahamongna Watershed Park in Arroyo Seco and Eaton Canyon, including Eaton Wash down to the Eaton Debris Basin and Reservoir. The county SEA policies on projects proposed in or around Arroyo Seco or Eaton Canyon would apply to these areas if the draft Altadena Foothills and Arroyos SEA is approved.

Jurisdictional Waters and Wetlands Wetlands are defined under the federal Clean Water Act as land that is flooded or saturated by surface water or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that normally does support, a prevalence of vegetation adapted to life in saturated soils. Wetlands include areas such as swamps, marshes, and bogs. Riparian habitats are those occurring along the banks of rivers and streams. Riparian habitats and wetlands are mapped in several places in the City on the USFWS’s National Wetlands Mapper.

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Several US Geological Survey blue-line streams pass through the City of Pasadena, including the Arroyo Seco in the west part of the City, Eaton Canyon/Eaton Wash in the east, and Hastings Canyon in the northeast. Other blue-line streams in the City are in the San Gabriel Mountains and are tributaries to the Arroyo Seco and Eaton Wash.

Arroyo Seco The Arroyo Seco is a natural channel in the San Gabriel Mountains down to the Devil’s Gate Dam flood control basin. From Devil’s Gate Dam, the stream flows through a short natural canyon and then through a trapezoidal concrete channel for about two miles. The stream flows through a brief natural channel under the SR-134 bridge and continues south as a concrete channel to the southern City boundary (USACE 2011). Riparian vegetation communities identified in the Arroyo Seco Watershed are southern willow scrub, southern sycamore/alder riverine woodland, mulefat scrub, streambed, and wetlands.

Eaton Canyon Corridor The Eaton Canyon Corridor comprises Eaton Canyon, the Eaton Wash Reservoir and Dam, and the Eaton Wash. Eaton Wash is a natural stream in the San Gabriel Mountains to Eaton Wash Reservoir and continues south as an engineered concrete channel to the southern City boundary. Eaton Canyon above the reservoir is mapped in the USFWS National Wetlands Mapper as freshwater forested/shrub wetland, freshwater emergent wetland, freshwater pond, riverine, and forested/shrub riparian habitats. Eaton Canyon Reservoir is mapped as freshwater emergent wetland, freshwater pond, and riverine habitats (USFWS 2014). Percolation basins southeast of Eaton Canyon Dam are mapped as freshwater pond and freshwater forested/shrub wetland habitats (USFWS 2014).

Hastings Canyon The segment of Hastings Canyon in the City is an engineered concrete channel for about 800 feet from the northern City boundary southward, then continues as a natural channel for about 700 feet before reaching Hastings Canyon Debris Dam. From there, it continues as an engineered concrete channel beyond the City boundary. The Hastings Canyon Debris Dam flood pool is mapped as freshwater emergent wetland, freshwater pond, and freshwater forested/shrub wetland. The natural channel upstream of the flood pool is mapped as riverine (USFWS 2014).

Other Riparian Habitats and Wetlands Numerous small drainages tributary to the Arroyo Seco and Eaton Canyon are mapped as riverine and forested/shrub riparian habitats. Several small drainages in the San Rafael Hills in the western part of the City are mapped as riverine, forested/shrub riparian, and freshwater forested/shrub wetland habitats (USFWS 2014).

5.3.2 Thresholds of Significance According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, a project would normally have a significant effect on the environment if the project would:

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B-1 Have a substantial effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. B-2 Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, regulations, or by the California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. B-3 Have a substantial adverse effect on federally protected wetlands as defined by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (including but not limited to marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means. B-4 Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites. B-5 Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance. B-6 Conflict with the provisions of an adopted habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan. The Initial Study, included as Appendix B, substantiates that impacts associated with the following thresholds would be less than significant:

. Thresholds B-4, B-5, and B-6. These impacts will not be addressed in the following analysis. 5.3.3 Environmental Impacts The following impact analysis addresses thresholds of significance for which the Initial Study disclosed potentially significant impacts. The applicable thresholds are identified in brackets after the impact statement.

Impact 5.3-1: Buildout of the General Plan Update could impact sensitive species and sensitive natural communities. [Thresholds B-1 and B-2]

Impact Analysis: The General Plan Update would not result in land use changes that convert open space to other development uses. However, buildout would allow for development in several areas with vacant residential parcels in the City. These include parcels zoned low-density residential in the San Rafael Hills and tract of land at the northwest of the intersection of Crestford Drive and Florecita Drive, shown on Figure 5.3-2 Sensitive Areas Designated for Development. These areas have patches of sage scrub, sagebrush, and chaparral habitats, as well as oak and walnut woodlands, partly on steep slopes. Sensitive plant communities in the region also consist of coastal scrub and riparian oak woodlands. The CNDDB (CDFW 2014) does not include records of sensitive species from these areas, which could be due to the absence of focused surveys in the area. Sensitive species that may now occur in these parcels could be impacted directly or indirectly by buildout of the General Plan Update. Impacts would be potentially significant.

Page 5.3-22 PlaceWorks Los Angeles County 5. Environmental Analysis Figure 5.3-2 La Canada Sensitive Areas Designated for Development Flintridge

Sensitive Area

Low Density Residential (0-6 dwelling units / net acre)

Low-Medium Density Residential (2 dwelling units / net acre) Medium Density Residential (0-16 dwelling units / net acre)

Medium-High Density Residential (0-32 dwelling units / net acre)

High Density Residential (48 dwelling units / net acre) General Commercial

Neighborhood Commercial Industrial

Institutional

Open Space Specific Plan

CityBoundary

Glendale Pasadena

CITY OF PASADENA GENERAL PLAN UPDATE DRAFT EIR PRA-06.0L 1/16/2015 Source: City of Pasadena, 2009 0 1,000 2,000 Feet PASADENA GENERAL PLAN DRAFT EIR CITY OF PASADENA 5. Environmental Analysis BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

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In the San Rafael Hills, the General Plan Update maintains the existing land use designation (predominantly Low-Density Residential and Institutional for the Art Center College of Design campus). Most of the natural habitat in the San Rafael Hills in Pasadena would remain low-density residential or institutional in the General Plan Update, but an area of approximately 20 acres (near Bushwick Drive and Wierfield Drive, north of Allendale Golf Course and south of Art Center College of Design) that is currently designated low density residential would be designated Open Space – Parks in the General Plan Update, thus increasing the amount of open space land and protecting an increased amount of native habitat from residential development. This would be a beneficial impact on biological resources.

Sensitive natural habitats within the General Plan Update area occur to different degrees in four areas: the Arroyo Seco, Eaton Canyon Corridor, Hastings Canyon, and the San Rafael Hills. The land use designation for Arroyo Seco, Eaton Canyon, and Hastings Canyon is Open Space- Parks in the existing General Plan and in the General Plan Update; no changes are proposed in the boundaries of the Parks land use designation in these areas. Therefore, consistent with the General Plan Update, no development would be allowed to occur and implementation would not impact sensitive biological resources in these areas.

Land use changes in the General Plan Update would be concentrated in eight specific plan areas: Central District, East Colorado, East Pasadena, Fair Oaks/Orange Grove, North Lake, South Fair Oaks, West Gateway, and Lincoln Avenue. There are no natural habitats or sensitive species in these specific plan areas. Development in accordance with the General Plan Update in these areas would not result in impacts to sensitive biological resources. Approximately 2.2 acres of land in the southeast corner of the City south of Del Mar Avenue is currently designated Institutional but would be converted to Parks. That area currently consists of a medical land use and vacant land, and lacks natural habitats and sensitive biological resources.

General Plan Update Policies 10.9, 10.10, 10.11 further support the goals of protecting open spaces, watersheds, and critical habitats, including Eaton Canyon Corridor and Arroyo Seco. Policies in the adopted Open Space and Conservation Element would continue to preserve, acquire, restore, and create natural open spaces, hillsides and watersheds—including the Eaton Canyon Corridor and the Arroyo Seco.

Impact 5.3-2: Buildout of the General Plan Update could impact jurisdictional waters and/or wetlands. [Thresholds B-2 and B-3]

Impact Analysis: The vast majority of the City is built with urban and suburban uses. Implementation of the General Plan Update is expected to concentrate development and redevelopment activities within the specific plan areas of the City, which are currently developed and do not have jurisdictional waters or wetlands. Riparian, wetland, and open water habitat in Arroyo Seco, Eaton Canyon, and Hastings Canyon are jurisdictional waters. No land uses change or development is proposed in these areas, and they will remain designated Open Space – Parks. As a result, jurisdictional waters or wetlands in Arroyo Seco, Eaton Canyon, and Hastings Canyon would not be impacted directly by buildout of the General Plan Update.

Riparian and/or wetland habitats occur in several small drainages in the San Rafael Hills in the western part of the City on the National Wetlands Mapper. Future development of vacant parcels or redevelopment in this area could impact waters of the United States, waters of the state, and wetlands. Such impacts would be

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subject to the requirements of applicable Section 404 permits from the Corps, Section 401 water quality certification, USFWS review, and CDFW 1600 Streambed Alteration Agreements. Proposed General Plan Update Policies 10.9, 10.10, 10.11 further support the goals of protecting open spaces, watersheds, and critical habitats, including Eaton Canyon Corridor and Arroyo Seco, reducing impacts to jurisdictional waters and wetlands. Impacts would be considered potentially significant.

5.3.4 Relevant General Plan Policies Adopted Open Space and Conservation Element

. Develop a program for the City to receive conservation easements and reach out to property owners about the benefits of this program.

. Continue to preserve and restore the Arroyo Seco and Eaton Canyon. . Use the Open Space Criteria developed for the OSCE Element to evaluate privately owned property with open space characteristics.

Investigate whether the “Natural Preservation Area” designation established in the Municipal Code (3.32.100) for use in the Arroyo Seco for portions south of Devil’s Gate Dam should be expanded to include parts of Eaton Canyon or other natural open space.

Proposed Land Use Element

GOAL 10: City Sustained and Renewed. Development and infrastructure practices that sustain natural environmental resources for the use of future generations and, at the same time, contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and impacts on climate change.

. Policy LU 10.9: Natural Open Space. Protect natural open spaces, hillsides, watersheds, and critical habitats to safeguard the health, safety, and beauty of the City for the benefit of present and future generations.

. Policy LU 10.10: Expanded Natural Areas. Expand the City’s inventory of natural open spaces through reclamation, restoration, and acquisition, in partnership with local and regional agencies and private institutions.

. Policy LU 10.11: Eaton Canyon Corridor and the Arroyo Seco. Preserve and maintain the natural character of the Eaton Canyon Corridor and the Arroyo Seco as self-sustaining healthy ecosystems of plants and animals, in balance with the integration of recreational facilities and flood control improvements.

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5.3.5 Existing Regulations and Standard Conditions Federal

. United States Code, Title 16, Sections 1531 et seq.: Endangered Species Act . United States Code, Title 16, Sections 703-712: Migratory Bird Treaty Act . United States Code, Title 33, Sections 1251 et seq.: Clean Water Act State

. California Fish and Game Code, Section 2080: Endangered Species Act . California Fish and Game Code, Section 1600: Lakes and Streambeds 5.3.6 Level of Significance Before Mitigation Without mitigation, the following impacts would be potentially significant:

. Impact 5.3-1 Buildout of the General Plan Update could impact sensitive species and natural communities.

. Impact 5.3-2 Buildout of the General Plan Update could impact jurisdictional waters and/or wetlands.

5.3.7 Mitigation Measures Impact 5.3-1 3-1 The City of Pasadena shall require applicants of future development projects that disturb undeveloped land in the San Rafael Hills and tract of land at the northwest intersection of Crestford Drive and Florecita Drive, shown on Figure 5.3-2, to prepare a biological resources survey. The survey shall be conducted by a qualified biologist and shall be a reconnaissance level field survey of the project site for the presence and quality of biological resources potentially affected by project development. These resources include, but are not limited to, special status species or their habitat, sensitive habitats such as wetlands or riparian areas, and jurisdictional waters. If sensitive or protected biological resources are absent from the project site and adjacent lands potentially affected by the project, the biologist shall submit a written report substantiating such to the City of Pasadena before issuance of a grading permit by the City, and the project may proceed without any further biological investigation. If sensitive or protected biological resources are present on the project site or may be potentially affected by the project, implementation of Mitigation Measure 3-2 shall be required.

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3-2 A qualified biologist shall evaluate impacts to sensitive or protected biological resources from development. The impact assessment may require focused surveys that determine absence or presence and distribution of biological resources on the site. These surveys may include, but are not limited to: 1) focused special status animal surveys if suitable habitat is present; 2) appropriately timed focused special status plant surveys that will maximize detection and accurate identification of target plant species; and 3) a delineation of jurisdictional boundaries around potential wetlands, riparian habitat, and waters of the United States or State. The results of these surveys will assist in assessing actual project impacts, and with the development of project-specific mitigation measures. Alternatively, the project applicant may forgo focused plant and animal surveys and assume presence of special status species in all suitable habitats on the project site. The qualified biologist shall substantiate the impact evaluation or the assumed presence of special-status species in all suitable habitats onsite in a written report submitted to the City of Pasadena before issuance of a grading permit by the City.

3-3 The City of Pasadena shall require applicants of development project to avoid potential impacts to sensitive or protected biological resources to the greatest extent feasible. Depending on the resources potentially present on the project site, avoidance may include: 1) establishing appropriate no-disturbance buffers around onsite or adjacent resources, and/or 2) initiating construction at a time when special status or protected animal species will not be vulnerable to project-related mortality (e.g., outside the avian nesting season or bat maternal or wintering roosting season). Consultation with relevant regulatory agencies may be required in order to establish suitable buffer areas. If the project avoids all sensitive or protected biological resources, no further action is required. If avoidance of all significant impacts to sensitive or protected biological resources is not feasible, the project shall implement Mitigation Measure 3-4.

3-4 The City of Pasadena shall require applicants to design development projects to minimize potential impacts to sensitive or protected biological resources to the greatest extent feasible, in consultation with a qualified biologist and/or appropriate regulatory agency staff. Minimization measures may include 1) exclusion and/or silt fencing, 2) relocation of impacted resources, 3) construction monitoring by a qualified biologist, and 4) an informative training program conducted by a qualified biologist for construction personnel on sensitive biological resources that may be impacted by project construction. If minimization of all significant impacts to sensitive or protected biological resources is infeasible, the project shall implement Mitigation Measure 3-5.

3-5 A qualified biologist will develop appropriate mitigations that will reduce project impacts to sensitive or protected biological resources to a less than significant level, if feasible. The type and amount of mitigation will depend on the resources impacted, the extent of the impacts, and the quality of habitats to be impacted. Mitigations may include, but are not limited to: 1) compensation for lost habitat or waters in the form of preservation or creation of in-kind habitat or waters, either onsite or offsite, protected by conservation easement; 2) purchase of

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appropriate credits from an approved mitigation bank servicing the Pasadena area; and 3) payment of in-lieu fees.

Impact 5.3-2 3-6 Applicants of projects developed pursuant to the General Plan Update shall obtain appropriate permit authorization(s) for impacts to jurisdictional waters, wetlands, and/or riparian habitats. The types of permits potentially required for impacts to jurisdictional waters are a Clean Water Act (Section 404) permit issued by the US Army Corps of Engineers, a California Water Certificate or Waste Discharge Order issued by the Regional Water Quality Control Board, and a Stream Alteration Agreement issued by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.

5.3.8 Level of Significance After Mitigation Impacts would be less than significant.

5.3.9 References Bramlet, D.E. 2004. Biological assessment for Parcel 15, Tract No. 27459 in the City of Sierra Madre.

California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). 2014. California Natural Diversity (RareFind) Database: Element reports for the Pasadena, Mt. Wilson, El Monte, and Condor Peak 7.5’ Quadrangles. Natural Heritage Division. Sacramento, California.

———. Mixed Chaparral. Wildlife Habitats: California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System. http://www.dfg.ca.gov/biogeodata/cwhr/pdfs/MCH.pdf.

CDM. 2010, May 14. Draft Arroyo Seco Watershed Assessment. http://www.arroyoseco.org/aswafinal.pdf.

Center for Biological Diversity (CBD). 2010, July 10. Introduction to the Four Southern California National Forests. http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/public_lands/forests/southern_california_forests/pdf s/Intro-4-S-CA-National-Forests.pdf.

Eaton Canyon Nature Center Associates (ECNCA). 2013, October 13. Eaton Canyon Natural Area. http://www.ecnca.org/.

Los Angeles County Department of Parks and Recreation (LADPR). 2010a, May 15. Oak Terrace Trail. http://www.ecnca.org/hiking_trails/OakTerraceTrail.pdf.

———. 2010b, May 17. Fire Ecology Trail. http://www.ecnca.org/hiking_trails/FireEcologyTrail.pdf.

———. 2013. Final San Gabriel Watershed and Mountains Special Resource Study & Environmental Assessment. http://www.nps.gov/pwro/sangabriel/.

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Los Angeles County Department of Regional Planning. 2014. SEA Program. http://planning.lacounty.gov/sea.

National Park Service (NPS). 2014, February 12. Rim of the Valley Corridor Special Resource Study. http://www.nps.gov/pwro/rimofthevalley/index.htm.

Point Blue Conservation Science. 2009, April 20. Least Bell’s Vireo: PIF Monitoring Sites. http://www.prbo.org/calpif/htmldocs/mapdocs/riparian/2004/bevimap2004.htm.

Rundel, Philip W., and Robert Gustafson. 2005. Introduction to the Plant Life of Southern California. Berkeley: University of California Press.

San Gabriel and Lower Los Angeles Rivers and Mountains Conservancy (RMC). 2004, October. Rio Hondo Watershed Management Plan. http://www.rmc.ca.gov/plans/rio_hondo/Rio%20Hondo%20Water%20Management%20Plan_smal l.pdf.

Thompson Planning Group (TPG). 2011. Eaton Wash Corridor Plan. Prepared for the Arroyos & Foothills Conservancy. http://www.arroyosfoothills.org/storage/EW.indb.pdf.

US Army Corps of Engineers and Los Angeles County Department of Public Works (USACE). 2011, August. Arroyo Seco Watershed Ecosystem Restoration Study, Los Angeles County, California. http://www.arroyoseco.org/army-corps/feasibility-scoping-meeting.pdf.

US Army Corps of Engineers and Los Angeles County Department of Public Works (Corps). 2005, May. Arroyo Seco Watershed Management Study, Los Angeles County, California, Feasibility Phase Project Management Plan. http://www.arroyoseco.org/documents/planning/USACE_Project_Mangement_Plan_2005.pdf.

US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2014, April 16. National Wetlands Mapper. http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Data/Mapper.html.

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