Ontario Archaeological Society
1 Arch Notes
New Series Volume 6, Issue 4 1SSN 0048-1742 July/August 2001
OAS news Arch Notes feature President's notes 3 An American View: CRM vs. Academia 11 From the OAS office 5 D. Sanford 8 OAS Hamilton Symposium DATE CHANGE 6 Arch shorts Slogan Contest.. 7 A preliminary tour of Egypt (Part 2) - B. Welsh 18 OAS chapters 24 Letter to Arch Notes - S. Leslie 20 ...more of the '50s - G. Roberts 21 Iceman Cremated 22 Ontario Archaeological Society
Publications
Editors, Ontario Archaeology R~bert Susan Jamieson, David Robertson, Andrew Stewart 519·472·8100 [email protected] [email protected] Editor, Arch Notes Frank Dieterman 905·333·9324 [email protected]
Committees Education :F',,,,~,;,} ·,-;-c·.'-+-/'- Terri·Lynn Brennan, Megan Grant }Sl>:.;>t,;:;'fj?" ':tiiNl~-;:;,,,±\,,: Dir~r.of Heritage'iAilvP$cr..' Library ;. Tony StapeU{ '>,,>morma Knowllon, Andy Shoenhoeler 416·461·6834 oas@globa]s~rve.nel ;"",\ AJ. C:I~~~I~~~~~.~~~:,v~1 Centre Advisory Team Martin Cooper, Marisa Granieri & Director of Marketing Promotions '. MaclKay, John Peters, Margaret Roberts "...... L:~~~~~:~ Francis Sanderson, Darren Vermersch >',. ',:;~:}::::-\t:-_t;:-} [email protected] Symposium -'f"' Hamlllon 2001 - Brad Bandow Director df tv! f{~~ship Services Frank Dleterman Volunteer Coordinator Chair in place
519·894·9300 ...editor's note [email protected] Foremost - an outstanding thank-you to Glenna Roberts and Stewart leslie for their letters and reminiscences. Director of Publications Keep them coming, folks. Eva MacDonald 416·534·9384 Inside we have an American viewpoint on CRM and acade mia by Doug Sanford, Part 2 of Bruce Welsh's Egypt (watch [email protected] out Bill Bryson!), and a press story on Kwaday Dan Sinchi Executive Di rector The AN cover features a younger Bruce Welsh & friends in Jo Holden Egypt Bruce, if you're going to give me photos like this - they 1-888·733·0042 will be displayed prominently! 905·787·9851 If you read only one item in this issue -let it be this: [email protected] The date ofthe OAS Symposium has been changed to November 16-18, 2001. 3 OAS nelvs President's notes Chapters' comments, the draft guidelines will then be published in Arch Notes in order for the member ship to comment further before being asked to ap HE OAS welcomes Amy Barron as its first Pro prove them and any amendments at the Annual gram Development Officer. Amy started her six T Business Meeting to be held during the Symposium month contract with us on july 16, 2001. Her in November. first order of business will be to develop the Winter and March Break programming for 2002. Once that Tony has also been working over the past year with a is completed, she will move onto Spring 2002 pro committee with multi-disCiplinary and institutional gramming. Keep in mind she will be also developing representation that was asked to review proposed programming that will encompass the Adult Lecture changes to the Class Environmental Assessment • Series, nine week thematic programs, workshops, process. The committee's work has had great suc family oriented programming, and Saturday pro cess. The Social and Environmental Assessment Bul gramming. She will be asked to look at revamping letin (Summer 2001) by Hardy Stevenson and Asso our signature program, "Archaeology Unearthed". ciates Limited (HAS) provides a summary of the new All of this programming will be designed to be trans procedures. The new Class EA document, prepared portable so that any OAS Chapter can call up and by the Municipal Engineers Association, and ap ask for the programme outline, template, or the list proved by the Ministry of the Environment, consoli of speakers. dates the Class EA process and the schedules for all municipal projects. To obtain a copy of the Bulletin, Amy is currently is a PhD candidate at the University please contact HAS at 416-944-8444 (has@echo of Toronto in the Department of Near and Middle on.net) or visit their web page at http://www.echo Eastern Civilizations. Her excavation experience has on.nett-has. taken her to three different countries, and to five continents to view archaeological sites. She has a great deal of experience in delivering programs to As part of the International Year of Volunteer cele the public, both children and adults, both program brations, the Honourable Cam jackson, Minister of ming levels have had archaeological, historical and Citizenship recognized Terri-Lynn Brennan and cultural themes incorporated into them. Most re Norma Knowlton for their commitment and dedica cently she organized for the Markham Museum an tion as volunteers in Ontario. They were each pre adult lecture series that accompanied the ROM'S sented with a special lapel pin as a 2001 Ontario traveling exhibit "Egypt, Gift of the Nile" Our Execu Volunteer Award. jo Holden nominated them for tive Director, jo Holden, indicates that Amy is "en their exceptional volunteer efforts on behalf of the thusiastic, creative, and ready to try just about every Society. Congratulations Terri-Lynn and Norma. avenue I and the Town want to explore re value driven archaeological programming ...from adult programming to Sunday afternoon family program Eva MacDonald, our Director of Publications, has ming for 7 to 15 year olds, workshops for leisure indicated that Volume 68 of our Society'S journal learning and tune-ups for the professionals." Sure Ontario Archaeology will go to the printers by the looks like we have a winner! Let each of us give beginning of August. Eva also indicates that the Amy a warm welcome at our earliest opportunity. Howard Savage memorial volume (Volume 69), which has been guest edited by Dr. Max Friesen, is entering the final stages of production as well. If Tony Stapells, our Society's Director of Heritage Ad publication of the journal is to be put back on its vocacy, along with Charleton Carscallen, Director of proper schedule, however, additional manuscripts Chapter Services, and Frank Dieterman, Director of are needed for Volu mes 70 and 71 . So, the Editorial Membership Services, formed a committee to de Board encourages the SOciety's members to get velop ethical gUidelines for OAS members. A draft of working on those articles. Congratulations to all in the guidelines has been sent for review to the Soci volved, especially the Editorial Board of Sue jami ety's Chapters. Revised as may be appropriate by the eson, Andrew Stewart, and David Robertson.
Arch Notes 6(4) July/August 2001 OA5 news 4
The OAS received a letter from Maggie MacKenzie, Stewardship" and for "Provincial Parks and Park Re Heritage Centre Coordinator for the Town of Rich serves". These documents have not been sent to mond Hill, thanking the Society and especially heritage organizations for comment. The MTCR has Lanna Crucefix, our Director of Marketing & Promo been reviewing the documents to try to ensure heri tions, and Andy Schoen hofer, volunteer flint knapper tage resources are protected as part of MNR's many extraordinaire, for all of their hard work that went and varied activities across the province. It might be into putting together a booth displaying Dean Axel helpful for MNR to hear if heritage groups or indi son's tools, and for organizing assistance for the viduals are interested in these processes that are Town's Heritage Village Day Uune 9). The letter meant to identify and mitigate impacts to the envi states, "If it was not for your efforts, Heritage Square ronment resulting from their activities. However, the would not have been the success it was. It is organi time to comment is very short. If you are interested zations such as yourself that keep heritage alive on in commenting, please Marilyn Miller at 416-314 the Hill for our residents and visitors to 'learn it, live 7128 or Winston Wong at 416-314-7147. The it, and love it'." Way to go Lanna, Dean and Andyl!! documents can be downloaded from the internet. For the stewardship EA go to
Arch Notes 6(4) July/August 2001 5 OAS news
The Hon. David Young, Attorney General and Min very. proud of the success' our Society is able to report ister Responsible for Native Affairs has announced to the Ministry this year. that nominations from the public for the second an nual Ontario Aboriginal Partnerships Recognition As everyone who reads this newsletter is aware, the Award (OAPRA) are now being accepted. The On Society has experienced an incredible year ofchange. tario Native Affairs Secretariat established the award One rhing that the preparation of the PHO allows me with the National Aboriginal Achievement Founda to do is review all the Society's statistics and especially tion. The OAPRA recognizes the Aboriginal and cor match them up to objectives the Board set for the So porate leaders who are building partnerships that ciety when it produced its Strategic plan, which went remove barriers, improve access and create job op into effect January of 2000. The Society is 18 months • portunities for Aboriginal communities in Ontario. It into that plan and I would like to report that of the is helping to build awareness of the value of partner five major areas, Marketing and Promotion, Finance, ships between Aboriginal communities and the busi Human Resources, Membership and Partnering, and ness sector. With all of the good working relation lasdy Quality Assurance and Performance Measure ships that have been developed in recent years be ment, the Society has hit objectives set in everyone of tween First Nations and archaeological consultants, those sections by margins ranging between 25% and avocationals, universities and organizations (includ 400%. It certainly gives the membership and its ing the OAS), should consider this opportunity to Board something to be very pleased about. However make a nomination. it also tells us there are still areas where improvement is needed. I will be reminding our current Board The deadline for nominations is September 4, 2001. members, and the new talent that comes to the table, Brochures with the nomination criteria are available this coming January, that starting in June of2002 a from three sources: 1.) the National Aboriginal new strategic plan must be put in place for January Achievement Foundation's web site at
Arch Notes 6(4) july/August 2001 GAS news 6 FINAL CALL FOR PAPERS:
THE 200 I ONTARIO ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING HAMILTON, ONTARIO NOVEMBER 16-18, 200 I ------.----.------.- ..------J • The Archaeology ofSpace & Place in the Great Lakes Region --"--_._-- 0'- _. _
** PLEASE NOTE THE DATE CHANGE FOR THE SYMPOSIUM ** NOVEMBER I6th·I8th, 200 I at the Ramada Plaza Hotel Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
The 200 I Conference. hosted by the Hamilton Chapter, requests abstracts around the theme of 'Space & Place'. Presentations are limited to a maximum of 30 minutes and speakers should indicate their audiovisual requirements when submitting their abstracts. Topics suggested so far include spatial modeling and GIS; ethnic identity and its detection in the material record; intra/inter-site modeling; ar chaeological site prediction; problems with archaeological master plans; and landscape archaeology.
The Conference Committee has currently received papers from both Precontact and Historical Ar chaeologists. Papers include the regional settlement patterns of Princess Point, symbolic identity of Iroquoian cabin sites, a reassessment of Ontario Iroquois expansion into New York State. and the spa tial taxa of 19th century public buildings on the historic landscape. The conference promises to pro vide a diverse series of papers.
Authors still wishing to submit a paper to the conference must have their abstracts submitted by August 30, 200 I if they are to be included in the program. Note: the proceedings of this conference will be published in book format, titled "The Archaeology ofSpace & Place in the Great Lakes Region". Dr. David Smith (University of Toronto) Editor.
To submit your abstract, mail to: Conference Committee Hamilton Chapter OAS, The Ontario Archaeological Society 452Jackson Street West Hamilton. Ontario L8P IN4 By email: [email protected] or Fax: (905) 525-4683
Arch Notes 6(4) July/August 2001 7 OAS news Council for Northeast Historical Archaeology
Annual Conference. October 19 - 21 Brock Plaza Hotel Niagara Falls, Ontario
Workshops on Friday, October 19 will include Evalua rms & Insig nia, and Drinking as aPastime. Paper sessions for Octo ilitary session, Current Research, Public Archaeology, Material Culture In Albany N.Y. Friday evening's reception will be held at Fort George and a Banquet at the Brock Plaza Hotel overlookilfg the Falls is planned for October 20th. Come to the Niagara region to see one of the most diverse and breathtaking landscapes in the world. For a pre-registration package and further information, please contact: Dena Doroszenko at 416-325-5038 Or via email: [email protected]
OAS SLOGAN CONTEST ,c, "!l~;,CA>:,:"iA>, ~<~iqB>
~d"g\i~b the opportunity to win a free OAS membership for a year? ""i Add to that an OAS hat, mug, and poster? ':Then put on your thinking caps \;: cr~ate a new catchy slogan for the OAS
wlhning slogan should be a memorable phrase th,#t defines the OAS in ten words or less slqgan should tell us what makes the OAS special! f.r Ple~~i~ submit your suggestions to Lanna Crucefix at I,[email protected] September 3, 200 I.
The }'Viriner will be announced at the General Meeting in November.
July/August 2001 Arch Noles feature 8
An American View:
CRM v S. Academia
by Doug Sanford Mary Washington College
The past few Arch Notes have contained a running conversation, from several positions, ruminating upon the working practices ofthe CRM industry. Eariy in January 2001 I attended the Society for Historical Archaeology's conference in Long Beach California. I was motivated to attend this conference due to its theme this year on Public Archaeology, "Touch the Mind: Touch the Spirit". I came away energized by what Public Archaeology can provide. There was one session that caught my attention as it centred on the conversations that have been running pub licly and privately within our own archaeological community. The following paper, reproduced here with full permission by Dr. Douglas Sanford, entitled "Undergraduate Interdisciplinary Archaeology at Mary Washington College" captures the tension between the need for academic training and the practical needs ofthe OJltural Resource Management field. I leave you to review howone school has addressed the needs ofthe profession and has opened the way for others to consider. For further discussion, Dr. Douglas Sanford can be reached at
Introduction those in typical anthropology world" ofAmerican archaeology ARCHAEOLOGISTS within programs at colleges and univer and ofmodern historic preserva academia increasingly are con sities within Virginia. While un tion. In that respect, it offers an fronted by the tense dynamic be usual in some respects, the his interdisciplinary approach for tween traditional approaches to toric preservation degree at Mary bridging the gap between what is archaeological education and Washington College (MWC) often viewed as opposite poles, training, and the growing influ shares significant qualities with that of theory-driven, research ence ofcultural resource man other archaeological programs at oriented academic archaeology agement (CRM) projects and private and public institutions, and that ofbusiness-like, descrir funds on undergraduate and and from a CRM perspective, of tion-oriented CRM archaeology graduate education, and on pro fers some advantages. (Bender and Smith 1998, 2000). fessional careers (Bender and Smith 1998; Patterson 1999). In Part ofthis study looks at how Archaeology at Mary Washing this paper I examine howar students at MWC can frame ton College chaeological education and train their archaeological education MARY WASHINGTON is a ing occurs within a non.. and opportunities, and at typical public, liberal arts college of traditional realm, that ofan un· educational and employment 4,000 students that does not dergraduate program in historic paths they take after graduation. have significant graduate pro preservation, and how this type The MWC program reflects how grams. As the College is small, so ofeducation compares with CRM has changed the "real are most departments and the
Arch Notes 6(4) July/August 2001 9 Arch Noles fealure
Historic Preservation program is partment does not emphasize master's level presetvation pro~ no exception, with only 4.5 fac testoration trades or only historic grams exist in America, only four ulry members. MWC is located house museums. While required undergraduate degree programs in a small city, Fredericksburg, courses do lean toward architec (4 more at certificate level) are in Virginia, but one with numerous tural history and building sys operation. All these programs historic resources above and be tems, indicative ofhistoric pres overwhelmingly emphasize archi low ground, and a strong net ervation's primary orientation, tectural history and building sys work ofpreservation organiza we are not the "Bob Vila's" of tems in tandem with public pres tions. In addition, CRM denotes academia. Coursework empha ervation laws and methods. In a constant public issue since the sizes the interdisciplinary nature this way, the Mary Washington surrounding counties comprise ofhistoric preservation, and in program's inclusion of museum one ofthe fastest developing re corporates the relevant intellec studies, and especially folklore gions in Virginia. The Historic tual, historical, cultural, and pub and archaeology, is quite un Preservation program began in lic contexts for museum exhibits, usual. While well regarded, we 1979 under the auspices of the explaining building processes, have not been recognized as the History and Geography depart and archaeological interpreta wave of the future for American ments, and became a separate tions. For example, a recent preservation education (Pre department in 1983. The De trend is our Department's stress serve/Net 2001). partment purposely combines on preservation planning. Many the disciplines ofarchaeology, public sector and government During the last ten years our De architectural history and conser jobs demand a working knowl partment's majors have increased vation, folklore, museum studies, edge ofarchitecture, general from 59 to over 120, with an av and preservation planning and preservation methods, preserva erage of 107. We typically gradu law. Besides required introduc tion law, and cultural resource ate 33 majors per year (range of tory classes, students take one management at the same time. 27 to 44). Our program also has lower level course in each disci experienced the now common pline, and then have the oppor For your information, while 48 phenomenon ofaccommodating tunity to emphasize one or more (18 degree, 30 in allied fields) older (24 years+) students return- disciplines ingto as they se- complete lect upper Archaeology Students at MWC an under- level (SO total, 1990-2000) graduate courses, degree take a re 50 (termed a quired labo Bachelor ratory 40 ofUberal course, en Studies gage in in 30 or BLS). ternships, These and conduct 20 students a senior re.. represent search pro 10 an aver.. ject. age of 0 15% (5- Contrary to Anthro. Related CRMonly CRMexp. 27%) of popular Grad. Grad. our gradu- stereotypes, our De- Figure 1. MWC archaeology students' career paths
Arch Notes 6(4) July/August 2001 Arch Notes feature 10
ates. Our Department averages ternship with a local house mu Role of the Center for Historic 15 internships per year, with re seum allows students the option Preservation gional preservation organizations ofspending a semester working THE CENTER is an organiza supporting most of these learn wirh that organization's archaeo tion with a separate budget and ing experiences. Internships form logical staff. small staff, but one intimately as a common and growing way for sociated with the Department. upper level students to gain sig The integration of theoretical It's dual mission first entails nificant work skills, familiarity perspectives, professional re supporting the academic pro with professional practices, and search objectives, and practical gram in historic preservation by job contacts (Schuldentein 1998; recording and analytical methods sponsoring lectures, seminars, Stanton 2000) unites the archaeological courses workshops, and conferences, and at MWC. The introductory ar by providing opportunities for The Archaeological "Track" and chaeology class, which also is a research and professional experi other Archaeological Opportuni writing intensive and llenviron.. ence through Center-administer ties mental awareness" rated course, ed projects. The Center's second WITHIN a typical academic year includes a review ofpreservation mission involves public outreach we have 8 to 10 students who se laws and the Section 106 process by supporting preservation activi lect archaeology as their aca as well as an evaluation of a ties at the local, regional, and na demic focus. Out ofour De CRM report. The laboratory tionallevels. Public outreach in partment's total of29 courses, methods course uses in..class ex" cludes offering CRM services to archaeological offerings include ercises and computer rechnology regional clients, whether private an introductory course, a labora~ (SPSS) to emphasize applied re individuals or organizations,lo tory methods class, a field school, search and quantitative methods, cal municipalities, or State agen and a CRM class. Periodically We particularly the initial skills for cies. These contracted CRM pro have taught a special topics organizing, assessing, and analyz jects, which are largely, but not course on preservation issues re.. ing an artifact assemblage and its exclusively archaeological in na lated to Native Americans. related field and background in ture, form a direct means for When combined with an intern formation with respect to form undergraduate students to gain ship and senior research project, ing social and cultural inferences. significant experience and train students can accumulate the Our six-week field school has ing in and out of the classroom. equivalent ofsix archaeological benefited from a decade-long re courses. Selected students have lationship with Stratford Hall Besides providing summer em the opportunity to work as a stu Plantation, where the research ployment after field school train dent aide either in the archae domains oflandscape, planta ing, the Center's CRM projects' ology lab or for the Center for tion, and African-American ar databases comprise significant Historic Preservation, an organi.. chaeology are combined. We components of class exercises, as.. zation discussed below. Student stress proper recording and exca signed papers, internships, and aide assignments include: web vation skills and the recognition faculty-directed research studies. page development and mainte ofsite formation processes, but A multifaceted benefit is that nance; conference support; exhi.. also the initial analysis ofcurrenr CRM-derived databases and re bitions; data base generation and field information in relation to search issues are given uextended analysis; artifact processing and long-standing research objectives. life." In other words, students, analysis; assistance with report We hire two to three students af faculty, former clients, and re production; and, collections ter rhe field school so they can gional communities gain from management. Our Department obtain further training and expe student-based analyses. While recently established an archae rience the shifr from a field not always of the highest caliber, ology scholarship, and an exist school to a research-based, CRM some student projects are ofsuf ing scholarship attached to an in- approach at Stratford. ficient quality to merit presenta-
Arch Notes 6(4) july/August 2001 11 Arch Notes feat.ure
tion at professional conferences get ttaining in the entire archaeo database generation and analysis, and/or publication in regional logical process ofresearch design, and reporting. journals. Importandy, students
Table 1. Comparison of Undergraduate Archaeological Courses in Virginia Colleges and Universities
• VCU/College of Humanities & Science only
Types of Archaeology Courses Number % Cum. % Introduction 10 17.9 17.9 Laboratory/Analytical Methods 9 16.1 34 Field School 9 16.1 50.1 Special Topics 7 12.5 62.6 Regional/Temporal Survey 6 10.7 73.3 Prehistoric/Native American 4 7.1 8004 Historical 3 SA 85.8 Advanced Field Methods 3 SA 91.2 CRM/Public Archaeology 3 5.4 96.6 Conservation 1 1.8 98.4 Zooarchaeology 1 1.8 100.2
Total 56 100.20% Based on the 11 programs listed above
Arch Notes 6(4) July/August 2001 Arch Notes feature 12
Since 1994 much of the Centet's ence and repetition is required ofwomen within archaeology activity has concentrated on for people to master these skills, (Zeder 1997:205). Overall, the CRM projects that involve Phase so our undergraduates, particu Mary Washington data under I, II, and small-scale Phase III larly through combining in-class score how CRM forms the com studies, architectural assess and CRM-based opportunities, mon ground ofexperience, edu ments, oral history, and archae can move beyond a passing ac cation, training, and employ ology studies in relation to his quaintance to initial levels of ment during and after under toric structures. Besides contrib proficiency. Importanrly, our graduate school, and then again, uting to new perspectives on re students train in other preserva during and after graduate school. gional settlement systems, the tion skills - interviews and oral contextual themes ofplantations, history, documentary research, Table I compares the historic African-American archaeology, and architectural recording preservation program at Mary and urban and industrial archae through drawing and photogra Washington with ten other pro ology represent common direc phy. Understanding and inter grams at public and private tions for CRM, faculty, and stu preting architecture is critical to schools in Virginia, all with ei dent research at MWC. For stu historical archaeology, whereas ther traditional anthropology or dents undertaking their capstone traditional anthropology de sociology/anthropology deparr course, the senior research pro.. partments often don't provide ments. Despite the range ofsizes ject, it's often information from courses for its full study. in schools, programs, and course these CRM projects and related offerings, most departments pro research issues that provide a se Since 1990, the Department and vide about five archaeological rious opportunity to hone their Center have directly influenced classes that, on the average, ac.. archaeological skills while con the careers ofabout 50 students count for 17.8% of the major's ducting original research involv who concentrated on archae curriculum. The standard array ing critical thinking and writing. ology (Figure 1). Of these, 11 of introductory, lab/analytical The same projects keep the fac students (22%) successfully en methods, and field school ulty and Center staff involved in tered graduate programs in an courses comprise the luajority, research, thereby encouraging thropology to study archaeology followed by Special Topics and the refinement ofpast and future (one in classical archaeology). Regional/Temporal survey interpretations and analyses. Another 15 students (30%) have courses. Despite Virginia being a gone to graduate programs in re "mecca" for historical archae.. Assessing Student Outcomes and lated fields, including museum ology, only three regularly of. Comparison with other Under studies, architectural history, fered courses are devoted to this graduate Programs planning, and not surprisingly, subject, although it heavily influ GIVEN these opportunities, stu historic preservation. The re ences special topics offerings and dents can gain real archaeological maining 24 students (48%) have other courses, like field schools. skills on a variety offronts, in had either short (seasonal) or Only three CRM courses exist at cluding: survey methods; map long-term (2-3 years) exposure to all 11 schools, with that at Wil ping and photography; proper CRM endeavors. Importantly, 42 liam and Mary being partly ex use and interpretation offield ofthese 50 students (84%) either plained by the graduate program forms; stratigraphic analysis; have or are engaged in CRM ac and a sizeable contract organiza quantitative analysis for assessing tivities. The 26 students (52%) tion at that institution. artifact assemblages as to compo who've entered graduate school sition, chronology, activities, and have produced liMA's (42.3%) Despite its small nature and his regional implications; computer to date, and the high proportion toric presetvation orientation, drafring; and, technical and pro offemales, 78% (39/50), Mary Washington's archaeologi fessional formats for reporting. amongst all these students only cal offerings fall in the middle of As we all know, sufficient experi- confirms the increasing influence numbers and types of courses,
Arch Notes 6(4) July/August 2001 13 Arch Noles fealure
with its CRM class as an excep does reflect the changes in for research and data analysis are tion to the rule. Our CRM American archaeology and his important for both a graduate course is not purely archaeologi toric preservation over the past education and CRM, including cal, although students' can em 30 years. Second, we are not call compurerized methods for disrri phasize that field through the ing for a divorce from anthro bution analysis and the visual class assignments. We do stress pology, as we think that time and spatial analyses derived from professional issues concerning honored association is the ap GIS and AutoCAD. Our stu proposals, contracts, budgets, or propriate one. But the interdis dents encounter the entire proc ganizational management, and ciplinary nature and the CRM ess ofproducing archaeological the relation between research, associated exposure of the MWC knowledge, from theory and re preservation, and public objec program does have real benefits, search design to sampling, labo tives. On the downside, like particularly as today's under ratory analyses, and collections other small college programs, our graduates face balancing the bot management. In anthropological Department doesn't have the tom-line reality oflikely employ fashion, the preservation connec luxury ofa full complement of ment in CRM, the need for a tion also encourages students' archaeology courses, although graduate education in anthro social and political awareness, our students can take classical ar pology, and the high probability namely that CRM research in chaeology classes. We strongly that their careers will involve a volves public contexts for diverse encourage our students to take couple of directional changes. In constituencies (Patterson 1999: courses in Mary Washington's this latter respect, the preserva 66; Schuldenrein 1998:32.33). small anthropology department tion program at MWC under These may be clients expecting that does not have archaeology scores how modern CRM has reports as deliverable products, classes. More important is the grown more interdisciplinary and municipalities seeking services to exposure to anthropological the how American archaeology has fulfill government regulations ory and interpretive frameworks become more of a public enter and environmental laws, local in for social and cultural behavior prise. The mixture ofprofes terest and/or descendant groups and beliefsystems. Given the an sional research, on-the-job train desiring a voice in representa.. thropology backgrounds of two ing, and familiarity with a variety tions of the past, or the contend ofour Department's main fac ofdisciplines is now common to ing forces of preservation, devel ulty, and of the Center's princi historical archaeology's broader opment, and competing land pal investigator, our students re context - namely history, archi uses. ceive sufficient, introductory tecture, folklore, house muse doses ofanthropology's main ums, preservation groups, and Finally, we believe the Mary tenets and relevant literature. government-based preservation. Washington program offers one Our Department's required ma These fields are historical ar educational and training alterna terial culture course is another chaeology's political allies and tive for mitigating the problem venue for addressing the intellec contractual partners, and stu wherein contemporary private tual frameworks ofanthropology, dents who can operate in more and public archaeologists "be social history, and other disci than one field enhance their ca lieve the academic training they plines. reer opportunities. received failed to provide them with either realistic expectations Conclusions We feel our students receive a for their future careers or the WHAT implications does the solid introduction to the field of training necessary to succeed in Mary Washington preservation archaeology and in close relation, these careers." (Zeder 1997:2). program have for American his to the role ofCRM. Although This disjuncture is seen as possi torical archaeology? First, we're somewhat short on theory, oUr bly "the most significant chal not saying this is the wave of the students are prepared for gradu lenge facing American archae future, although our program ate school. Their practical skills ology in the new millennium."
Arch Notes 6(4) July/August 2001 Arch NOles feature 14
(Zedder 1997:2). Providing sig ing upon which academic ar ment, knowledge offormation nificant undergraduate exposure chaeologists rely to support tradi processes and applied sciences; to CRM makes sense in the light tional research (Zeder 1997:207). and the ability to write for di ofAmerican archaeology's con It also constitutes both the em verse audiences. We need to flicted identity wherein as aca ployment and training domain educate our students in these demics, we train for careers in for undergraduate and graduate matters early on, not on an ad academia, yet our overwhelming students in archaeology. MWC hocbasis during graduate school reality for career expectations is students use CRM as the most (Davis et at. 1999; Schuldenrein in CRM. Undergraduate CRM common stepping stone to 1998). Students and those just courses are relatively rare, there graduate education and to entry out of undergraduate programs are only a few specialized MA and mid-level employment in ar don't have to be relegated to • programs, and none centered on chaeology (Schuldenrein 1998). "shovel bum" status, tather they CRM at the doctorate level need exposure to all these skills (Klein 2001:4; Smith and Krass We must keep in mind that and to the entire CRM and at 2000:21; Thomas 1998:569; CRM archaeology doesn't have chaeological process (cf. Klein Zeder 1997:1-2,208). This situa to be ant~theory, ant~research, 2001:11). tion continues despite the fact or all business. Ai; Robert Elston that CRM' 20s growing influence (in Thomas 1998:570; 1999) has Doug Sanford (PhD., Anthropology, includes: the dominant propor noted, good CRM requires di University ofVirginia) is Assistant tion ofjobs at technical and pro verse skills and ones that apply to Professor, DepartmentofHistoric fessionallevels; an enormous academic life as well; 20such as Presezvation, and Director, Centre for Historic Preservation. at Mary volume ofprofessional literature; those in management, ethics, Washingron College. immense amounts ofoutside technical analyses, proposal writ funding; and increasingly, fund- ing, research design develop-
Bibliography Preserve/Net Bender, Susan J. and George S. Smith 2001 Preserve/Net: The Preservationist's Resources. Preservation 2000 Teaching Archaeology in the Twenty-First Century. Soci- Education Directory.
1998 On Getting a Practical Archaeological Education. In Ar~ Stanton, Gary chaeology (Third Edition), by D.H. Thomas, pg. 570. Harcourt 2000 The undergraduate major in Historic Preservation at Mal)' Brace & Company: Orlando, Florida. Washington College. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Council for Preservation Education, Los Angeles, California. Klein, Michael J. 2001 Education and 20the Craft ofArchaeology at Mal)' Thomas, David H. Washington College's Center for Historic Preservation. Paper pre 1998 Archaeology (Third Edition). Harcourt Brace & Company: Orlando Florida. sented at the annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archae l oloBY, long Beach, California. Zeder, Melinda A. Patterson, Thomas C. 1997 The American Archaeologist: A Profile. AltaMira Press: Wal- nut Creek California The Political Economy of Archaeology in the United States. Annual l Review ofAnthropoJogy28:155.174.
Arch Notes 6(4) July/August 2001 15 Arch shorts A Preliminary Tour ofEgypt (part 2) Up the Nile (without a paddle)
by Bruce Welsh StaffArchaeologist, Archaeological SeNices Inc.
s PROMISED herewith is the second installment on the attractions ofEgypt which the OAStourwil! be visiting, specifically in Upper Egypt. This commentary is provided in geographical order, travelling up the A Nile (north to south) from Abydos to Abu Simbel.
ABYDOS
ABYDOS is important as being the centre of the Unfortunately, the Old and Middle Kingdom con Cult ofOsiris. Osiris was the Egyptian god ofthe structions are not accessible. However, probably the dead, the most important god in the ancient Egyp most beautiful temple in Egypt is safely accessible, tian religious pantheon. The belief in the afterlife thatofSeti I, the second and most importantphar with Osiris as guardian was the probably the most aoh of the nineteenth dynasty. The temple, unusu pervasive and enduring myth in Egypt. The impor ally, contains seven chapels dedicated to seven dif tance ofthis centre cannot be overemphasized. ferent gods, including a deified Seti. The reliefs are Abydos attracted the attention of the pharaohs clear and exqUisitely bold and delicate at the same throughout its history, especially during the first time. And, with the exception ofsome limited two dynasties (Old Kingdom), twelfth dynasty tampering by his son, Ramesses II, this temple pro (Middle Kingdom) and eighteenth and nineteenth vides a good impression ofwhat a New Kingdom dynasties (New Kingdom). temple must originally have been like. Besides the chapels and hypostyle halls, one should also visit During the first two dynasties, royal tombs were the King's List Gallery, in which a deliberately ed consttucted here as well as Saqqara. This begs the ited version ofthe pharaohs ofEgypt to that time obvious question: at which location were these old appears. I consider this temple to be one ofthe kingdom pharaohs actually buried? Ifthese phar most beautiful in Egypt and no matter how much aohs were buried at Abydos, what was the purpose time I tried to provide on visits, four hours ill one ofthe constructions at Saqqara? Such a tradition instance, it never seemed to be enough. It is truly was subsequently resurrected by the twelfth dynasty marvelous. pharaoh, Senwosret III, in which he had tombs (cenotaphs?) constructed at Abydos and Dahshur. The temple of Ramesses II is also accessible just to One wonders why? I do not have the answer but I the north. It is much less preserved but its main at suggest that in order to understand completely the traction rests with the depiction of the account of nature, history and logic ofpyramid construction, his victory over the Hittites - in reality, a stalemate we must also solve the enigmatic relationship that at best - at the Battle of Kadesh near Tell Nebi exists between Abydos and the pyramid construc Mend on the Orontes river in Syria. {Variations of tions at Saqqara, Dahshur, Giza, Meidum, Abusir, this account also appear at his temples in Karnak, Abu Rawash, etc. It is hoped that that the current Ramasseum and Abu Simbel. excavations at Abydos by the German Archaeologi cal Institute may provide some clues.
Arch Notes 6(4) July/August 2001 Arch shorts 16
LUXOR AND THE WEST BANK
WITH the possible exception ofthe Giza pyramid depictions and Amenhotep III's gracefully colum complex, Luxor and the West Bank may be the ned open court. Moreover, the remains ofthe most famous and visited locale in Egypt. This is Christian basilica and Abu'l Hagag mosque provide partially as a result ofits association with the most visitors with a good sense of the extent to which famous archaeological discovery in the twentieth this monument (and most others) had been inun century, dated by the Carter's annual discovery of floods of the Tutan Nile once khamun's they became tomb. But disused. there is far This also more than gives an tombs, Tutan indication of khamun's or the extent of others, to see silt that has here. Let us been begin with the removed temples on the from such east bank. sites on the floodplain Karnak is the byarchaeo largest temple logical complex in View ofDeir el Mindenah from above. excavation. Egypt It is enormous and mind-boggling. But to be honest, I Unfortunately, this temple has also suffered more never much liked it The complex contained so than others from the rise ofthe water table after many alterations and additions, especially to the the construction of the Aswan high dam in the chapels, by different pharaohs that I had difficulty I960s. The water percolates the salt in the stone appreciating the site as an actual temple. Construc foundations and it became so bad at Luxor Temple tions seemed to be too varied, unending and un that it was closed for about two months during connected. I never really came to terms with the 1987 to assess the damage. I do not know its cur place, perhaps because there was not enough time rent status ofvisitation, but it is a fine temple that to see it thoroughly in one visit - usually a duration is readily appreciated. ofthree to four hours. Nevertheless, this site must be visited, as it is mind-boggling in its enormity. The Luxor Museum should also be visited. It is not And incidentally, the Son et Lumiere show at Kar very big nor does it have a large number ofartifacts. nak is worth the time and expense because this The display, however, is very well done, distinguish show makes a decent attempt at isolating and dis ing the finds by chronology and by site. (All the ar tinguishing some ofthe features ofthe complex. tifacts on display were found in the immediate vi cinity of Luxor.) Luxor Temple, on the other hand, is much easier to comprehend. Although not especially beautiful, it is The West Bank or Theban Necropolis is probably perhaps my favourite temple of Egypt This temple the most fascinating place on earth. Despite more has several unusual aspects that always attracted than 40 visits, with groups, with colleagues or on me: lack ofsymmetry, Tutankhamun's Opet festival my own, I am not sure that I managed to see all
Arch Notes 6(4) July/August 2001 17 Arch shorts
day in Luxor. The most important site is the work men's village at Deir el Medineh. Itprovides a good impression ofhow the Egyptian workmen lived. In addition, the tombs they had the audacity to build for themselves reveal what the belief in the afterlife and the myth of Osiris meant to them. The tombs of Sennudjem, Ipuy, and Inherkhau are small, in timate and positively stunning.
For those who are up to it, may I then suggest a • walk from the workmen's village up over the ridge and down into the Valley ofthe Kings. It is about5 miles long and well marked. Once there, I recom mend visits to the tombs ofThutmose III, Ramesses VI, Ramesses III and Amenhotep II. Al though nothing special, Tutankhamun's tomb is worth visiting simply to appreciate Carter's discov ery.
I should next advocate a visit to the Valley ofthe Nobles. I believe that some ofthe tombs here have the best illustrations and depictions ofany tombs in Egypt. Some ofthe more exquisite tombs are of Nakht, Menna, Rekhmire and Sennefer. But the most important tomb is that ofRamose, vizier of Amenhotep III and Akhenaten. This tomb displays One ofthe paths from Deir el Medinch the two distinctive artistic styles. Having them over a ridge to the Valley ofKings. shown side by side provides a good inkling of the precise differences in the two styles. that is there. There were times when I was up on the mountain looking down into the Valley ofthe May I also suggest visits to the Ramasseum, Medi Kings, across to the Ramasseum or over to the net Habu temple and Hatshepsut's mortuary tem workmen's village at Deir el Medineh, that I simply ple. Each has its own unique beauty and grandeur. did not want to leave the place. Indeed, I suspect There is much more to visit. But rather than over images of the West Bankwill be my most enduring whelm you with so many places that one can not memories of Egypt, or even of my life! Where to visit in just one trip, I shall stop here. Suffice it to begin? say that whatever you people have a chance to visit in the West Bank, you will never ever forget it. A visit to the West Bank really requires two days minimum so I hope the OAS tour provides a free
ASWAN
ASWAN is yet another truly unforgettable place for cities, and, despite its size, is rather cosmopolitan. totally different reasons than the West Bank Ofcourse, it also has countless archaeological sites Aswan is largely a Nubian city and as a result has a surrounding it. Many of these sites have been saved somewhat different character than other Egyptian (andmoved!) thanks to the construction ofthe As-
Arch Notes 6(4) July/August 2001 Arch shorts 18
wan high darn and the incredible archaeological work conducted - survey, excavation and recon.. struction - to salvage these sites.
The gorgeous temple at • Ph11ae is one of them. In 1977, it was moved from its original location on Philae, about 100 metres north to its present locale on Agilkai island. Built during the Greek and Roman occupations of Egypt, it retains the same character as earlier Egyptian temples. The temple is dedicated to Colossi ofMemnon IAmenhotep 11/) with West Bank in background. the goddess, Isis, wife of Osiris, and as with its origi nallocation is only accessible by boat. The rooms are spectacular, especially the marble laden bathrooms, and the hotel as a whole is like A visit to the granite quarries is also a must. The something out ofthe early twentieth century one most frequendy visited has the remains ofa which in fact it is. Have a beer or a meal on the fractured obelisk and numerous stones and quarry patio in the back and absorb the hotel's atmos marks that provide us with a good indication of phere. Ifyou go at dusk, you will also spend hours how the ancient Egyptians quarried the granite. observing the different rypes ofbirds on Elephan tine, the river, across the river to the desert, and in A visit to Elephantine Island is also necessary. The and around the hotel. A pair ofGreat Horned island is awash with a huge variery oflovely, exotic Owls considered the hotel as horne for the four vegetation. My favourites were the bougainvilleas years I visited the place. And I simply cannot recall and date palms but there were enough plant varie all the other bird life I encountered, but it did in ties to attract anyone's attention. And whilst on clude bee-eaters, wheatears, stonechat, chiffchaff, Elephantine, a visit to the small, nondescript mu sunbird, swallows, martins, hoopoe, kingfishers, seum is in order. Although the collection is small, it plovers, kestrel, hawks, vultures, herons, egrets, is different by being primarily pre.Jynastic or Byz cormorants and storks. Ifyou are into birdwatch antine. I strongly recommend a visit. ing, the Nile is a bird heaven, so take your binocu lars. Finally, no visit to Aswan would be complete with out spending some time at the Old Cataract Hotel.
ABUSIMBEL
THE two temples at Abu Simbel are essential visits sses II, a pharaoh whose vanity and meglomania for two reasons. The first is their construction and usually left us with grand monstrosities promulgat beauty. Surprisingly, they date to the time ofRam- ing his self-importance. These temples are out of
Arch Notes 6(4) July/August 2001 19 Arch shorts
character. Both the larger temple, dedicated to height ofLake Nasser by a consortium of engineer· himself and Amun.Ra, and the smaller one, dedi. ing firms. The operation to move them is as spec cated to his Wife, Nefertari, and the goddess, tacular as their creation and one may view how they Hathor, are rock-cut temples, hewn out of the rock. are now supported by twentieth century technology. The statues, temples and reliefs are neat and pre On every tour 1conducted, a trip to Abu Simbel cise. As a whole, both temples are mesmerizing. was optional. Believe me, whether you travel there Hours can be spent there without realizing it. The by bus or by plane, take this optional trip. It is second reason is that they are there at all. From worth every penny! 1966-1972, these temples were moved above the
• So there you have it I could babble on and on about these sites and others I have noteven mentioned. I hope, however, that for those ofyou intending to go I have enlightened you enough to know what sites to watch out for during your tour. Have fun!
P.S. As a final though~ I advise that people only drink and use bottled water. That means no ice in your gin & tonic and brush your teeth with bottled water. You should also be careful with fresh salads and unpeeled fruit, especially lettuce, parsley, tomatoes and strawberries.
The author at the Temple ofAmun·re IRomessus I/} AbuSimbel. Arch Notes 6(4) July/August 2001 Arch shorts 20
f At<>:%., '% r\to Arch Notes I IJPraise of Egypt (and Bruce!) fq~,,, _ . _ _"'r0v.-p..W!;'f~:E-#i-!\\'!5'f1'Ji- '- "'1"'1'I'1ClR51:J ·lY*;~joyed the description of Egypt and its wonders by Bruce Welsh. He certainly knows the country and it's history. My memories of the OAS trips in 1981 and 1991 were refreshed by Bruce's observa tions. I am. pleased that he, as a professional, does not believe the pyramids were built with slave labour. Did anyone ever wonder what the Egyptian farmers did while their land was underwater during the annual flood? I was pleased that Bruce mentioned Djoser's Pyramid. It should be seen before going to Giza as it is an earlier step (no pun intended) in the evolution of the pyramid. Saqqara is also a favourite of mine. The Serapeum was a special destination in 1991. Charlie Garrad had organized a side trip while the main OAS group went to Alexandria. Charlie, unfortunately incurred the wrath of the Pharaoh and was too ill to travel. The group in- cluded Ella (Kruse) Garrad, Dorothy Hunt, Anne LaFontaine (with a newly sprained ankle) and Norma Knowlton. The Serapeum was magnificent with its many massive sarcophagi large enough to accommodate a standing (sacred) bull. The temple is entirely underground, carved from the living rock. There will be hawkers of camel rides at the Serapeum. Look for a driver named Hamdi. His white kissing camel is the gentlest and the cleanest in all of Egyptl Also, within walking distance, or a camel or donkey ride away, is the Tomb of Ti, a high-ranking court official in the 5th dynasty, c.2750 Be. It is very interesting with many beautiful and finely carved scenes of everyday life in ancient Egypt. The OAS travelers will certainly wish they had more time to explore this fascinating country. I just wish I were with you. Sincerely, Stewart Leslie
o A 5 A d v o
The OAS would like to reach 0 that has Archaeological A
Chapters or individuals residing or working in far-flung areas can call
•
Ifyou have concerns that need to be straightened out contact: Tony Stapells, Director ofHeritage Advocacy, phone or fax 416-461-6834
He'll get the ball rollingl
Arch Notes 6(4) july/August 2001 21
... more of the '50s
As Pat Reed suggested in the intra to Phieldwork in the Ph glance and have tried to putmy experiences at Sheguianda hada life long effect on me, and I believe also on the evolu
Glenna (Woolley, then Reid, now Roberts) GAS member since 1952 • In "The '50s Phenomenon" (Arch Notes, November/December 2000), Helen Devereux out lined the relationship between the OAS and the Department ofAnthropology, University of Toronto. In "Phieldwork in the Phifties" (Arch Notes, MarchiApril 200I) she spoke in greater detail ofthe period of blossoming ofarchaeology, 1946-1957. Ofthe 39 sites mentioned, I be lieve particular note should be made ofthe National Museum ofCanada's excavation at Sheguiandah, Manitoulin Island 1952-56, directed by Thomas E. Lee.
At some time in those four two-month seasons, almost every member ofour young society spent at least some time there. Many went annually for their summer "vacation" -I spent three summers there, the first after taking Prof. Emerson's course at the ROM and the others while an Anthropology student at the University ofToronto. Our experience at Sheguiandah com plemented the Iroquoian bias ofthe student digs and the Chicago Method that Helen de scribes. It gave us all a broader oudook on archaeology and pre-history, and on Ontario's place in that world.
Sheguiandah is an ancient pre-ceramic site. There we learned to appreciate blanks, bulbs of percussion and secondary flaking. Dating related to lithic typology rather than ceramic. It also depended on geological assessments ofglacial till and ancient beaches; on palaeobotanical analyses ofpollen from peat deposits; on Carbon 14. Methodology varied from nighdy collect ing of sacks ofsurface material in the quarry to meticulous excavation by quarter inch levels in 10 foot squares, plotting every chip and soil change in what was called the "village area". Work ing near the Wikwemikong Reserve, we learned to be good neighbours with the local First N.... tions people. We entertained many journalists and gave tours to thousands oftourists, who were drawn to visit after reading the many articles published locally and in the national press. Above all, the threat to this unique site became for us as individuals and for the OAS as an or ganization a major incentive to press for protective legislation for all archaeological resources.
assionate to obsessed" about archaeology and layed a significant role in the development of ers. Thank you, Helen, for reminding me.
Arrh Nntp< n(4) II/Iv/AI/P'I/ Monday, 23July200120:06 (ET) VICTORIA, British Columbia, July 23 (UPI) -- The remains of a 550 year-old Aboriginal man, discovered two years ago, have been cremated and the ashes buried on a mountain in northern Excavating the Kwaday Dan Sinchi remains from the glacier. British Columbia. Lawrence Joe, as (Photo: A.P. Mackie, B.C. Archaelogy Branch) spokesman for the Champagne www.cafn.yk.nef/F08.htm Aisihik First Nation, said Monday the cremation of Kwaday Dan Sinchi, or Long Ago Person Found, took place under tribal supervision at a cremation center in Victoria, British Columbia, last week, and the ashes were then taken by heli copter and vehicle to the Indian community center in the northern region of the prov ince. Some 300 people, including representatives from tribes in Yukon and Alaska, attended the funeral ceremonies at the community center. They sang a goodbye hymn before the ashes were flown 30 miles by helicopter to a mountain site near which the body was found in the Tatshenshini glacier in August 1999. Nine people were present at the final burial ceremony, including the three Canadian high school teachers who discovered the body two years ago. No special tomb has been built at the burial site. The Champagne-Aisihik First Nation laid claim to Kwaday Dan Sinchi shortly after his remains were discovered, but DNA tests have not yet determined whether he in fact belonged to the Champagne-Aisihik or some other tribal group. Representatives from ten neighboring tribal groups, including some from Yukon and Alaska, were invited to a council meeting in May to decide what should be done to the remains after they were handed over. Some U.S. and Canadian scientists have expressed dismay about the cremation, but Joe quoted Canadian scientists as saying they had taken DNA and other samples from the body before it was cremated. In fact the original deadline of December2000 was ex tended to enable the scientific testing to be completed, he said. Results from the tests were still coming in, and scientists also have taken blood samples from tribal groups in British Columbia, Yukon and Alaska to determine Kwaday Dan Sinchi's family links. Arrh Nntp< (;(4) II/Iv/AI/"I/ The First Nations believe it would have been a sacrilege to put the body on display in a museum, but several of the garments, weapons and other artifacts found with Kwaday Dan Sinich are being preserved at the Royal British Columbia Museum and in another center in White Horse, Northwest Territories. The ice man was discovered when three high school teachers were hunting wild sheep in northern British Columbia and sighted parts of the remains on the surface of the melting glacier, with artifacts lying nearby. Carbon dating from the hat and hunting weapons indicated that he had died sometime between 1415 and 1445. The manner of his death has not been determined, but scientists believe he probably perished after falling into a crevasse, or dropped from exhaustion after being caught in a storm and simply froze to death while lying unconscious on the glacier. Found with him was a woven hat similar to other such apparel linked to tribes in Canada and Washing ton state, along with weapons, clothes, a robe made of fur pelts, and a pouch with pre served pieces of salmon. Scientists, who had agreed to carry out tests without desecrating the body, said he was between 18 and 22 years old when he died. His head was not found, but tufts of hair discovered near the body showed he had straight black hair cut at shoulder length. His body tissue was found to be in excellent condition, as were pollen samples found in the hat and food extracted in minute quantities from his stomach. Hand tool ofunknown use with the pouch in which it was Found (Credit: Yukon Government Heritage Branch) www.lbc.gov.bc.ca/news/2000nov/kwaday/poges/hand_tool.htm Arrh Nntp< fi(4) III Iv/A II PII. President- Christine Nelson London Vice-president - Paul O'Neal Secretary w Karen Mattila chapter Treasurer - Chris Ellis Directors - Kristen Snarey, Susan lancashire Newsletter - KEWA; Editors - Christine Dodd & Chris Ellis Mailing-address - 55_ Centre Street London ON N6j na Tel. 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