Traditional Ayahausca Admixtures (From Ayala Flores and Lewis 1978; Bennett 1992; Bianchi and Samorini 1993; Faust and Bianchi 1

Traditional Ayahausca Admixtures (from Ayala Flores and Lewis 1978; Bennett 1992; Bianchi and Samorini 1993; Faust and Bianchi 1996, Luna 1984b, 1986; Ott 1993, 269 ff., Ott 1995, Pinkley 1969; Schultes 1972; modified and expanded).

Botanical Name Common Name Active Constituents ACANTHACEAE toé negro Teliostachys lanceolata var. Crispa Nees AMARANTHACAEA picurullana quina, borrachera Alternantha lehmannii Hieronymus Irisene sp. marosa Pfaffa iresinoides APOCYNACEAE bellaco-caspi, sucuuba, platanote fulvoplumieron Himatanthus sucuuba (Spruce) Woodson indole alkaloids conessine, Malouetia tamaquarina (Aubl.) DC. cuchura-caspi, chicle dihydrokurchessine, kurchessine, tetramethylholarhimine Mandevilla scabra Schumann Older texts claim that Prestonia contains N,N-DMT; this information Prestonia amazonica (Benth.) is unfortunately incorrect. The Macbride [syn. Haemadyction yajé; common name yajé; probably refers amazonicum] solely to the fact that the plant is used as an ayahuasca admixture (Schultes and Raffauf 1960). Tabernaemontana sananho Ruíz et tzicta Pav. Tabernaemontana sp. uchu-sanango alkaloids Thevetia sp. cabalonga blanca cardiac glycosides AQUIFOLIACEAE guayusa, wais caffeine lex guayusa Loes, ARACEAE ryay balsa, camotillo Montrichardia aborescens Schott BIGNONIACEAE ajo sacha Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A. Gentry Tabebuia heteropoda (DC.) Sandwith Tabebuia incana A. Gentry clavohuasca Tabebuia sp. Tynanthas panurensis (Burman) clavohuasca Sandwith BOMBACACEAE puca lupuna, embirana Cavanillesia hylogeiton Ulbrich Cavanillesia umbellate Ruíz et Pav. lupuna, kapok, ceiba Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Chorisia insignis H.B.K. lopuna, yuchán, palo borracho resin Chorisia speciosa St.-Hil samohú, ceiba Quararibea sp. ishpingo (see espingo) BORAGINACEAE

Tournefortia angustiflora Ruíz et Pav. CACATACEAE pokere, wamapanako Epiphyllum sp. Opuntia sp. thai mescaline CARYOCARACEAE

Anthodiscus pilosus Ducke CELASTRACEAE chuchuhuasi Maytenus ebenifolia Reiss. Maytenus laevis Reiss. chuchuasca caffeine (?) CLUSIACEAE chullachaqui caspi Tovomita sp. CONVOLVULACEAE oé; ergot alkaloids Ipomoea carnea (cf. Ipomoea spp.) CYCLANTHACEA tamshi Carludovia divergens Ducke CYPERACEAE chicorro Cyperus digitus Roxb. yperus prolixus H.B.K. Cyperus spp. piripiri ergot alkaloids DRYOPTERIDACEAE shoka, dsuiitetetseperi

Lomariopsis japurensis (Martius) J. Sm. ERYTHROXYLACEAE ipadú cocaine

Erythroxylum coca var. ipadú Plowman EUPHORBIACEAE hiporuru alkaloids (?) Alchornea castaneifolia (Wild.) Just. (cf. Alchornea spp.) Croton sp. (?) tipu, tipuru morphine Euphorbia sp. ai curo Hura crepitans L. catahua, assacu piscidides, lectins GNETACEAE tap-kam', hoo-roo', itua Gnetum nodiflorum Brongn. GRAMINEAE carrizo tryptamines, DMT Arundo donax GUTTIFERAE miya, tara Clusia sp. HELICONIACEAE

Heliconia stricta Huber Heliconia sp. winchu LABIATAE pichana, abaca essential oil Ocimum micranthum Willd. LECYTHIDACEAE indole alkaloids (couroupitine A, B), ayahuma stigmasterol, campesterol Couroupita guianensis Aubl. LEGUMINOSAE

Bauhinia guianensis Aubl. Caesalpinia echinata Lam. cumaseba Calliandra angustifolia Spruce ex bobinsana, quinilla blanca, chipero alkaloids (harmane) Benth. Calliandra petandra (cf. Calliandra harmane, DMT (?) anomala) Campsiandra laurifolia Benth. huacapurana Cedrelinga catenaeformis Ducke huairacaspi, cedrorana Erythrina fusca Lour. amasisa, gachica erythraline, erythramine, erythratine Erythrina glauca Willd. amasisa Erythrina poeppigiana (Walpers) amaciza, oropel alkaloids Cook (cf. Erythrina spp.) Pithecellobium laetum Benth. remo caspi, pashaquillo, shimbillo alkaloids Sclerobium setiferum Ducke palisangre, palisanto Vouacapoua americana Aubl. huacapo, hucapù LORANTHACEAE miya, ho-ho-ho Phrygilanthus eugenioides (L.) H.B.K. Phrygilanthus eugenioides var. robustus Galz. Phtirusa pyrifolia (H.B.K.) Eichler suelda con suelda MALPIGHIACEAE oco-yagé; DMT, β-carbolines Banisteriopsis rusbyana (Niedenzu) Morton Diplopterys cabrerana (Cuatr.) Gates yaco-ayahuasca, yajé;, yaji DMT Diplopterys involuta (Turcz.) Niedenzu [syn. Mezia includens (Benth.) Cuatr.] Mascagnia psilophylla var. antifebrilis Niedenzu [syn. Cabi paraensis (Juss.) Griseb., syn. Callaeum antifebrile (Grisb.) Johnson] Stygmaphyllon fulgens (Lam.) Jussieu ki-ria, kairia MARANTHACEAE pulma Calathea veitchiana Veitch ex Hook. Fil. MELIACEAE lupuna latex Trichilia tocacheana C. DC. MENISPERMACEAE abuta, trompetero, sanango palmatine Abuta grandifolia (Martius) Sandwith MORACEAE renaco Coussapoa tessmannii Mildbread Ficus insipida Willd. renaco, hojé;, huito, bamba Ficus ruiziana Standl. Ficus sp. MYRISTICACEAE caupuri, cumala blanca neolignans Virola surinamensis (Roland) Warb. Virola spp. cumala DMT NYMPHAEACEAE mureru, murere Cabomba aquatica Aubl. PHYTOLACCACEAE coumarins (nineteen), isoarboriol, muckra, mucura, chanviro trithiolan, trithiolaniacine Petiveria alliacea L. PIPERACEAE tsemtsem essential oil Peperomia sp. Piper sp. essential oil POLYGONACEAE tangarana Triplaris surinamensis Chamisso Triplaris surinamensis var. tangarana chamissoana Meissner PONTEDERIACEAE amarrón borrachero Pontederia cordata L. RUBIACEAE vapirona negro Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. Fil. Capirona decorticans Spruce capirona negro, kashi muna Guetarda ferox Standl. garabata yagé;-chacruna, rami appani, Psychotria carthaginensis Jacq. DMT sameruca yagé;-chacruna, rami appani, Psychotria carthaginensis Jacq. DMT sameruca Psychotria psychotriaefolia (Seem.) chacruna DMT Standl. Psychotria viridis Ruíz et Pav. chacruna batsikawa, kawa kui, nai kawa, Psychotria spp. pishikawa, rami appane Rudgea refifolia Standl. Sabicea amazonensis Wernham chà-dê-kê-na, kana, koti-kana-ma Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) Gmelin garabata indoles: angustine, isohynchrophylline, rhynchophylline- N-ozide, dihyrocorynantheine hirsutine, hirsutein Uncaria tomentosa (?) una de gato indole alkaloids SAPINDACEAE yoco caffeine Paullinia yoco Schultes et Killip (cf. Paullinia spp.) SCHIZAEACEAE tchai del monte, rami Lygodium venustum Swartz SCHROPHULARIACEAE amellin, triterpenes. 6- methoxybenzoxo-zolinone Scoparia dulcis L. SOLONACEAE toa-toe, sacha-toe, danta borrachera tropane alkaloids Brugmansia insignis (flor de) toe. Tsuak, borrachero, Brugmansia suaveolens tropane alkaloids floripondio Brunfelsia chiricaspi Plowman chiricaspi, chiricsanango scopoletin Brunfelsia grandiflora d. Don chiricaspi, chiricsanango scopoletin Brunfelsia grandiflora sp. schultesii sanango, chiricsanango scopoletin Plowman (cf. Brunfelsia spp.) Capsicum sp. catsi, aji capsaicin Borrachero, guatillo, paguando, Iochroma fuchsioides (H.B.K.) Miers alkaloids (tropane derivatives) campanitas Juanulloa ochracea Cuatre ayahuasca, bi-ti-ka-oo-k, na-ka-te-pê parquine (?) Markea formicarium Dammer ree-ko-pa scopoletin (?) Nicotiana rustica L. tabaco nicotine Nicotiana tobacum L. mapacho nicotine STERCULIACEAE kushibiap alkaloids (?) Herrania sp. VERBENACEAE shunguarana, ulape, tal, tahuari,

Cornutia odorata (P. et Endlicher) taruma Poeppig Vitex triflora vehl. VIOLACEAE chacruna, amanga, capinuri,

ayahuasca Rinorea viridiflora Rusby