wireless connectivity
June 2016
Marco Rohleder, [email protected]
V1.2 The World Today
We are increasingly connected 60 million 15% of global average population are photos monthly active per day 1 users 2
300 hours Consumers demand of video uploaded instant access every minute 3
500 million 1 billion+ hours Tweets TV shows and created movies viewed every day 4 each month 5
2 Industry Trends
Millions of Smartphones and Growing ò Apple‘cool’ factor ò Android popularity
Smartphone is the “User Interface” ò Connected Accessories that have no display ò Common Platform ò Upgradability ò Advertising opportunities
Standard Communication Protocol ò Interoperability ò Globally supported
Highest growth market is Home Automation Bluetooth Opportunity
3 Sensor To Cloud
•Local •Remote Configuration, Configuration, Monitoring Monitoring
Cloud Server Infrastructure
Star
•Ethernet PHY and Switch •10/100/1000Mbit/s •IEEE1588 • Ethercat Controllers
•Gateway/Bridge to Low Power PAN •Long Range • MiWi™, ZigBee ®, Thread, 6lowPAN, •Low Power Mesh Bluetooth Smart, Proprietary Network • 433/868/915/2400MHz
4 Varying Requirements- Many Technologies Needed
Bandwidth Power Range Technology License Open? Inter- Risk Cost operable
WiFi® Highest Flexible 10m Zero $5k/yr Open Yes (& flexible) Bluetooth High Medium 20m Zero $8k/produ Open Yes ct BT Smart Medium Low 50m Zero $8k/produ Open Yes ct ZigBee® Low Low 50m+ Medium $4k/yr Open ? Thread Low Low 50m+ Medium $2.5k/yr Open Yes MiWi™ Medium Low 50m+ Low Zero Proprietary No
SigFox Lowest Low 15km Medium Zero Proprietary Yes
LoRa® Low Low 15km Medium $3k/yr Open Yes Proprietary Medium Low 1k Low Zero Proprietary No
5 Worldwide Deployment
• 2.4 GHz is the Worldwide Standard
6 All Technologies Covered – Offering The Right Choice
www.microchip.com/wifi www.microchip.com/lora
www.microchip.com/bluetooth
www.microchip.com/zigbee www.microchip.com/miwi
7 Primary Configurations
CONFIGURATIONS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Existing Infrastructure • Power Consumption • Customer Familiarity • Limited Range • Large Stack • Costly Radio Your Wi-Fi ® Router Cloud Product • Difficult Setup
Wi-Fi ® or • Smartphone Availability • Limited Range Cell • Low Power • Royalties • Easy Setup • Native Security Your Bluetooth ® Cell Phone Cloud Product
Wi-Fi ® or • Light Stack • Additional Ethernet • Multi-Radio Support Concentrator • Multi-Proto Support Required • Good Range Your ZigBee ® or Gateway Router Cloud Sub-GHz Product • Very Low Power • Plug-and-Play • Cumbersome Wiring • Flexible Design • High Bandwidth • Immune to High RF Traffic Your Ethernet Router Cloud Product
8 Why Wireless?
ò System cost ò Eliminate wires
ò Ease of Installation ò No wiring infrastructure
ò Portability ò Mobile positioning ò Freedom and Flexibility
9 Business Concerns:
To add wireless:
• RF Design expertise • Not Digital, Not Analog, It’s RF! • Expensive RF Lab equipment
• Agency Regulations • FCC, ETSI, IC
Microchip GOAL: Make it Easy!
10 The Benefits of Modules “Makes RF Digital”
ò Provides optimized RF performance ò Reduces Risk ò Pre-certified modules save $$$ and time to market ò Save Money and Faster time to market ò Improves system quality ò Proven Designs ò Path to Cost Reduce Chip Down ò Chip down support
Saves Time and Money / Reduces Risk 11 Chip or Module ?
• Requirements Dictating a Chip Design • Form factor (in extreme cases) • Long design cycle is acceptable • Very high volume, where optimized BOM out-weighs R&D investment and timescales • > 200k per annum • RF design experience is essential • RF Test Equipment available • Protocol stack experience is essential • Conformance & certification experience is essential • Specialist R&D & production line test equipment is essential
• Requirements Dictating a Module Design • Low to medium volume, where R&D investment and TTM is the priority • < 200k per annum • Where ever the application platform is decoupled from the wireless technology • i.e. multiple derivatives with WiFi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, LoRa etc • Prototypes or trials, where there is technology or commercial risk • Go to market quickly with a module solution, convert to an optimised chip design when proven
12 Economics Example
$2,000
Chipset
$1,500 Module
($K) $1,000 Profit
/
Cost $500
$0 0 6 12 18 24 30 36
Timeline (Months) -$500
13 Economics Example
14 Standard Compliance & Certifications
Alliance Testing • Ensures interoperability and quality assurance • Products are tested against standards
Radio Certifications
• Additional product level testing may be required for other countries • Microchip modules have modular certifications • Can be used by customers • Customers still need to do safety and immunity testing
Modular-compliance and certifications save customers time and money! www.microchip.com/wirelesscertifications
15 Target Applications
ò Home and Building Automation ò Fire and Security ò Comfort and Control
ò Industrial Automation ò Human to Machine Interface ò Machine to Machine Communication ò Sensors ò Instrumentation
ò Health Care ò Telecare
16 Target Applications
ò Smart Appliances ò Washing Machines ò Ovens ò Refrigeration
ò In Home Controls ò Thermostats ò HVAC
17 Target Applications
ò Lighting ò Fluorescent Ballasts ò HID Ballasts ò LED Ballasts ò Lighting Control
ò Metering ò Electricity Meters ò Gas and Water Meters ò Data Concentrators ò In-Home Display Units
18 Key Priorities
• Security • Radio Range • Power Consumption • Interference • Data Rate • Antenna Size • Standard vs. Proprietary
19 Microchip Wireless Portfolio
Market Network Technology Protocol Markets Frequency Driver Stack Widespread Embedded IEEE 802.11 Commercial Internet TCP/IP 2.4GHz Wi-Fi Industrial
Widespread BT v2.1, Embedded IEEE Commercial Smartphone BT Audio, 2.4GHz Bluetooth 802.15.1 Industrial BTLE
Proprietary Vertical MiWi, LoRa, Embedded Cost Sub-GHz & or IEEE HA, SEP, ZigBee, Wireless Local Network 2.4GHz 802.15.4 Sensors RF4CE
20 Embedded Wi-Fi Overview Higher Bandwidths - WiFi
• The primary choice where high bandwidth is needed – 1 to 72.2 Mbps • Ubiquitous infrastructure available in homes, office, communal spaces • Well established technology with close to zero risk – Globally adopted – Many suppliers • Interoperability is 99% perfect • Seamless integration with IP and cloud infrastructure • Low-power variants are possible when high bandwidth not needed • Strong security options by default
22 Wi-Fi Network Types
Infrastructure: ° Client nodes communicate via an access point ° Most common, like connecting your PC to a home network
Adhoc/Wi-Fi Direct: ° Point-to-Point connections ° Android unsupported (adhoc) ° Apple unsupported (Wi-Fi Direct)
SoftAP/LimitedAP: ° Module “behaves” like limited AP ° AP module is network coordinator ° Same experience regardless of platform
23 Wi-Fi Network Types
EZConfig Webserver configuration • Browser Interface • Via SoftAP • Configure and connect to infrastructure • SoftAP provides universal experience • regardless of platform
Command Line Interface • UART interface from Telnet host • Useful for “utility products” • Host Microcontroller Control
24 Security and Authentication
WEP: Wired Equivalent Privacy • 1999-2003, considered obsolete • Prohibited by ‘Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council ’ since 2008
WPAv1: Wi-Fi Protected Access (v1) • A trimmed down 802.11i • Uses TKIP end-to-end encryption • 8-64 Hexadecimal key, longer keys increase complexity • Not recommended – but reasonable security
WPAv2: Wi-Fi Protected Access (v2) • AES-CCMP algorithm is mandatory 256bit key • Considered very secure
WPA/WPA2 Enterprise: • Corporate level security additions to WPA/WPA2 • Complex implementation • Part of AAA security (users and access qualified and audited) • Adds authentication to WPAv2, only used for connection • Not a protocol but a methodology – many different methods
25 SSL/TLS Authentication & Key Management
• For TCP/IP Communications SSL/TLS is essential • Microchip recommends and uses WolfSSL • Provide SSL/TLS solutions targeted at small memory footprint embedded systems • Features • Supports upto TLS 1.2, DTLS 1.2 • Supports variety of Ciphers and PKI capabilities MCU • Small footprint – 20 -100kB Flash, 1-36kB RAM • 20x smaller than OpenSSL Customer App • Clear Licence - GPLv2/Commercial ECC508A (D)TLS Stack
• Secure, Reliable Key Management Critical RTOS • Managing creation, deployment and validation of keys is vital • Poor Key Management = Poor Security • Atmel ECC508A Crypto Authentication companion IC provides mechanism to safely create, deploy and manage keys • Helps build chain of trust for embedded IoT systems • Reduces operational burden of key management and security during manufacture
26 Wi-Fi Product Portfolio
PIC32WKPIC32WK Wi-FiWi-Fi Series Series and Atmel SAMW25
TCP/IP stack on module TCP/IP stack located in TCP/IP stack + App (Simple ASCII interface) PIC ® MCU on same IC
Require external MCU/MPU No MCU Required
RN: TCP/IP stack on module MRF: TCP/IP stack located in PIC ® MCU • Simple ASCII interface = less • Provides complex IP services out of development box • Works with PIC MCUs • Works with any MCU vendor (8, 16, 32 bit) (4, 8, 16 & 32 bit) • Extendable TCP/IP stack for • Data to WiFi additional services
27 Cloud (Amazon) Dev Kit
Runs Amazon Machine Image (AMI) for out-of-the-box cloud functionality
28 Bluetooth Smart Overview Bluetooth Smart (formerly BT Low Energy)
• A new radio, new protocol stack, new profile architecture and a new qualification regime • It’s designed to run from coin cells and support an Apps Store model • It is a radio standard for a new decade, enabling the “Internet of Things” • Features: • 2.4 GHz ISM band,2 M symbols/s, GFSK • 2 MHz channel spacing, with frequency hopping • Mostly new PHY; some parts derived from the Basic Rate (BR) radio • New advertising mechanism, for ease of discovery & connection • Asynchronous connection-less MAC: used for low latency, fast transactions (e.g. 3ms from start to finish) • New Generic Attribute Profile to simplify devices and the software that uses them • Asynchronous Client / Server architecture • Designed to be LOWEST cost and EASY to implement • For Bluetooth low energy, data throughput is not a meaningful parameter • It does not support streaming • It has a data rate of 1Mbps, but is not optimized for file transfer • It is designed for sending small chunks of data (exposing state)
30 Application Examples
In-door Position Navigation Health Care / Fitness
Home Automation & Security Mobile POS & ID
31 Classic or BLE ?
iOS Android
General Pro – Apple ‘Wow’ factor Pro - >80% Global Market Share Con - <20% Global Market Share Pro – No iAP Required Con – iAP Device May be Needed Con – iOS Limits Functionality
Con - <20% Global Market Share Con – Limited support before v4.4 BT Pro – No iAP Device Needed Con – Large Legacy 32 Beacons • Microchips BLE IC’s and Modules are capable of supporting iBeacon & Eddystone™ iBeacon • These standard beacons are provisioned at a particular spot (like a coat rack in a retail store) • When you approach the beacon it invokes an application (such as a loyalty app) on your phone. • The app can then communicate with the cloud and log Eddystone™ that you are in the particular retail store and send you offers and incentive coupons. • There is no two-way communication with the beacon! 33 Beacon Things Beacon Beacon & Connect Detected Advertisements Application is Invoked User is Authenticated It’s me Olivier! Auto Retrieval of info Weight, Body Composition, etc. Improved User Experience 34 Bluetooth Mesh ( coming soon ) ò Advertising Based Flood Mesh Network ò Defined packet format, simple addressing ò Simple protocols for control / state information ò Flood routing – dumb relay ò Easy / fast to market 20 ºC 20 ºC 20 ºC 20 ºC 20 ºC 20 ºC 20 ºC 20 ºC 20 ºC 20 ºC 20 ºC 35 Miniature Module Solutions • Complete solution • Stack onboard • Shielded with Antenna options • UART command interface • Bluetooth ® 4.2 compliant • Bluetooth SIG certified • International regulatory certifications • Migrate easily BM71 6mm • BM70 is footprint compatible Available Nov ‘15 with the Dual-mode BM77 8mm • Window’s based configuration tool 36 Tiny Size Size down to: 11,5 x 9,0 x 2,1 mm ( shielded, with antenna ) 8,0 x 6,0 x 1,6 mm ( without shield, without antenna ) 37 Onboard Peripherals • GPIO • PWM ( up to 17 channels ) ( resolution up to 62ns, 4 channels ) • A/D • I2C-Interface ( 10 bit, up to 7 channels ) directly interface to EEPROM, I/O Expander, D/A converter … 38 MLDP Transparent UART • With MLDP it is possible to create a transparent UART connection between two devices over the air • Data Rate up to 3 kByte/s (secured) or 7 kByte/s (unsecured) 39 BLE PICtail™ • PICtail enables an easy way to connect BLE Module to PC • No need for first prototype board • Only Terminal Program needed • Start testing and developing in just 5mins 40 Scripting Engine • By using the integrated scripting engine, it is possible to implement basic operations without need for a Host CPU. • Scripting engine is event driven and can perform the same commands as the ASCII type UART Interface @TMR1 $VAR1 = SHR,000b [,2,$VAR1,ff,ff,00,00,00 $VAR1 = SHR,000f [,7,$VAR1,ff,01,00,01,02 SM,2,00050000 @DISCON A 41 Introduction to LoRa® Technology What is LoRa® Technology? A combination of two major concepts: • LoRa spread spectrum modulation • Provides the core long range capability Up to 5km range in urban environment, up to 15km suburban • Gateway baseband allows parallel receive channels • LoRaWANTM network protocol stack • Provides the cellular network (aka large-star topology) • Promotes a subscription-based business model • Microchip developed/owns/maintains LoRaWAN for our end-node 43 What is LoRaWANTM Protocol? (WAN = Wide Area Network) • A Large-Scale, Secured, Cellular style Network • Bi-directional comms, with ACK • Designed for low data-rate (~100bps), low duty-cycle (~10mins), high capacity (~100k nodes) & long battery life (~10yrs) • Developed, maintained and promoted by the LoRa TM Alliance • Deployable as both public or private networks • Scalable from a single gateway to national coverage True Location Bidirectional Global Mobility Security ß In/out door ß Bidirectional ß True Mobility ß Unique ID ß Accurate ß Scalable Capacity ß Seamless ß Application Key ß Broadcast ß Roaming ß Network Key 44 LoRa® Modulation Advantages ò Demodulate -21dB below noise floor ò Better sensitivity than FSK ò More robust to interference, noise, and jamming ò Spreading codes orthogonal – multiples signals can occupy same channel -138dBm 145 LoRa 140 135 130 125 120 115 sensitivity (dBm ) 110 GFSK 105 100 95 3 4 5 10 10 10 bits/sec 45 LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol Modulation Settings for Europe 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Data Rate (DR) LoRa Modulation FSK Modulation 12 11 10 9 8 7 7 -- Spreading Factor (SF) 125 250 -- Bandwidth (BW) (kHz) 50K 10937 Bitrate (BR) (bps) 5468 3125 -120 1757 976 -123 -122 292 537 -126 -129 Receive Sensitivity (dBm) -135 -132 -137 Range 46 LoRaWAN™: Adaptive Data Rate 2D case, flat landscape 2D simulation (flat environment) 14km 10km 8km 6km 4km Avg bitrate ~1300bps 970 290bps 530 SF12 11 10 9 8 7 47 Microchip LoRa® Module Provides -148 dBm • Long range and low power At +14dbm output power, 868MHz: • In Sub-GHz: >5km dense urban, >15km suburban, 80km VLOS • Robust communication • Not susceptible to interference from Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GSM, LTE • High accuracy localization and ranging -125 dBm FSK • Modulation format permits high accuracy localization Sensitivity Sensitivity * • Not RSSI based and accounts for multi-path and fading • Permits high value additional features -100 dBm • Improved network capacity -90 dBm • Connect more nodes • Additional capacity for features 48 LoRaWAN™: Low-Power Cellular for Smart Cities Monitoring/ Control Smart Energy Smart City Light Control Smart Agriculture Smart Home and Security 49 Supports Private Networks Scalable & Flexible Architecture • Private Network • Individually managed deployment, total end-to-end ownership • Public Network • Telco operator managed networks, servicing subscriber nodes • Hybrid Network • Enterprise deployment of Nodes & Gateways, for specific area coverage • Provisioned to a commercial LoRaWAN™ server product End Devices Own Network Software / Servers Products with Microchip LoRaWAN Gateways LoRaWAN LoRaWAN Modem Network Server 50 Supports Private Networks Scalable & Flexible Architecture • Private Network • Individually managed deployment, total end-to-end ownership • Public Network • Telco operator managed networks, servicing subscriber nodes • Hybrid Network • Enterprise deployment of Nodes & Gateways, for specific area coverage • Provisioned to a commercial LoRaWAN™ server product End Node Subscribers Telco Operator Products with Microchip LoRaWAN Gateways LoRaWAN LoRaWAN Modem Network Server 51 Supports Private Networks Scalable & Flexible Architecture • Private Network • Individually managed deployment, total end-to-end ownership • Public Network • Telco operator managed networks, servicing subscriber nodes • Hybrid Network • Enterprise deployment of Nodes & Gateways, for specific area coverage • Provisioned to a commercial LoRaWAN™ server product End Devices connect to own gateways Managed Back-end Products with Microchip LoRaWAN Gateways LoRaWAN LoRaWAN Modem Network Server 52 LoRa® Technology Benefits Key Features Customer Benefit 168dBm link budget (-148dBm sensitivity, Longest range +20dBm Tx @ 900MHz) Jamming resistant – tolerant to burst interference Robust links and network >100dB blocking efficiency Multiple Nodes on same channel (CDMA) Insensitive to XTAL offsets (no TCXO) Lower system cost Long Range - Eliminates need for repeaters 10mA RX current, nA sleep current Extended battery lifetime 53 LoRaWANTM Module Features General Features: ò Integrated Radio and PIC® MCU LoRa ò RN Type Module UART ò Complete LoRaWAN Class A Stack on Board ò Simple ASCII command through UART I/F ò Easy configuration ò Quick time to market ò Works with any application MCU ò Supply voltage: 2.1V-3.6V ò Sleep current of ~1uA ò 14x GPIOs ò Module size 26.67 x 17.78 x 3.18mm 54 LoRaWANTM Motes 55 LoRa® Evaluation Kit 56 Summary ò Microchip is the leader in low power embedded Wireless solutions ò Focused on embedded Wi-Fi, BT, IEEE 802.15.4 & SubGHz ò Ease of use and globally certified modules 57 Thank You Note: The Microchip name and logo, dsPIC, MPLAB and PIC are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries. MiWi, PICDEM and PICtail are trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies.