k>>/'r\in-^ > '^'^^^MM u EMORY OF CYRUS c C 0 R M I C K 1 8 5 9 - 1 9 3 6 ai !r'rSS:r#i'&'.*J!iSJitK.>S'A^-i?j.v-.tJj-ovr;

M^mmMmmmm ^^^T^Mi^lMSi^ A TRIBUTE BY HAROLD F. McCORMICK

B)ES. T of brothers, best of friends, best of business associates — It was In these relations that I held my brother Cyrus H. McCormick through so many happy years; and it Is in these relations that I shall affectionately remember him as ong as memory lasts. From my earliest recollection he was my big, strong elder brother, admired, trusted and deeply beloved. I was a school boy of twelve when Father died and Brother Cyrus, as was inevitable, became the head of the McCormick Company and head of our family. How the happy memories come trooping back of those days when he was brother and father In one!

Eleven years later, just out of college, I entered the McCormick Company's service at the home office In Chicago, and then began the business association that was to bind us still more closely together for more than forty years. From first to last we were as united In thought and action as two men could be. Always there was between us a complete oneness of spirit and comradeship.

A few years later came the launching of the Harvester Company, bringing many more and much greater problems. Most of the decisions were made by my brother for both of us, but I found much satisfaction In the fact that I had the opportunity to search out the information he needed upon which to base those decisions. My brother was the easiest man to get along with that I ever knew, and this was largely because his mind was so clear and straightforward In all Its workings and he was so Innately good-hearted. Truly he was a most benevolent and generous elder brother. No problem of mine was too difficult for him to make It his own burden and give It his personal interest and effort. Patience and perseverance were among my brother's outstanding traits. In consultation and conference he was most liberal and tolerant. I remember how on all such occasions he would listen tirelessly to the opinions and suggestions of all concerned, not only to accord credit and respect to each participant but also to make sure that every angle and detail of the problem in hand was given due attention. This was one of the qualities that made his leadership so safe and sound.

System and order were fundamental laws of my brother's life. In this way he made good use of every moment and was able to apply his indefatigable energy over a wide range of Interests to the best advantage. He always kept a detailed diary, covering faithfully every Important happening In every day of his life. At all conferences he made careful notes of the pro­ ceedings, and saw that they were permanently preserved. My brother used a fine and Instinctive discernment In selecting men for Important fjosltlons; his faculty of choosing the right man for the place was rarely at fault—another attribute that made his leadership so successful. By nature my brother loved and craved companionship, and was really happiest when he was sharing In the affairs of his fellow men as they thought out and worked out their problems. There was keen enjoyment for him in the various assemblages of the Harvester family, and he found a real delight in meeting with these groups and taking part in their discussions.

Yes, my brother Cyrus and I were partners In thought and feeling, associating frankly on a basis of true equality—and yet somehow I always looked up to him with respect as well as with love, and my use of the term "Brother" in speaking to or of him was in the old-fashioned Virginia sense, carrying an element of reverence.

My lifelong relation with this beloved brother, friend and partner always was one of the dearest things in life for me — and It still Is Infinitely dear. The ties that bound us were so many and so strong and our lives were so Intertwined that, as It seems to me, even death could not completely sever them. To my last day I shall keep on feeling the Impress and Influence of my brother's personality, his character and his loving kindness. il! ir

CYRUS H. McCORMICK 1839 —1936 HARVESTER WORLD

Cpru£i J^. iWcCormicfe MAY 16, 1935

Written by E. P. DAVIS, Princeton '79 (lifelong friend), for Mr. McCormick's seventy-sixth birthday

Thou hast survived the strain and stress Of young and stronger, sadder years; With storm and fog and mist of tears. And bitter loss without redress.

Thy country's independence year Thy year of independence life; Delivered from the toil and strife Of anxious care and wearing fear.

In sunset glow of golden eve, So clear becomes thine atmosphere, Thy vision circles far and near. Life's varied picture to perceive.

And sixty years of trust and love, Our happy part in this great whole, An interwoven thread of gold, The greatest of life's values prove.

And now the Valley of Content Is thine abode, thy sweetest home, Good angels of thy deeds will come With grateful greetings to thee sent; A benediction now is thine, And from the heights shines Light Divine!

ENVOY hie guided men in great affairs, hie shared the lives of small and great; And now, in later years, his state Is that of one whom everywhere Men trust and love, and comprehend. Through him, the Sacred name of Friend! HARVESTER WORLD July, 1936

iograpfjj)

CYRUS H. MCCORMICK, tant results in their application to 1889 he was made "Officier de Meritc retired chairman of the board of di­ industry in general. Agricolc" and in 1900, while in a rectors of the International Harvester Conspicuous among the policies for­ similar capacity at the Paris Exposi­ Company, died June i. at his home, warded under Mr. McCormick' s leader- tion, he was designated "Officier de "Walden," in Lake Forest, Illinois, ship were: An effectively organized la Legion d'Honneur." For philan­ where he was stricken with a heart accident prevention system; voluntary thropic services to Serbia during the attack May 30. compensation for workers injured in World War, the Serbian government Mr. McCormick was a principal the course of duty, the plan set up for conferred on him the Order of St. Sava. factor in the formation of the Har­ this purpose being taken later as a During the World War he served as vester Company in 1901 and its presi­ model for state legislation on this sub­ a member of the committee of manage­ dent from that time until 1918 when ject; a voluntary system of pensions ment of the Y. M. C. A. in Paris, and he became Chairman of the Board, for veteran employes wholly supported following the armistice he inspected which office he held until his retire­ out of company funds; continuous the activities of the Y. M. C. A. in its ment in September, 1935. development of new types of ma­ work for American troops in England, Cyrus H. McCormick was born in chines providing low-cost and efficient France, and Germany. In 1917 he was Washington, D. C, May 16, 1859, the farm operating equipment for the selected by the United States govern­ eldest son of Cyrus Hall McCormick, world; a definite policy of appointing ment as a member of a special diplo­ inventor of the reaper, and Nancy executives from among worthy men matic mission to Russia. Maria Fowler McCormick. He attended in the ranks; and above all a successful Throughout his life Mr. McCormick the Chicago public schools and entered policy with regard to industrial re­ was interested in a wide variety of Princeton university as a member of lations based on a system of employe philanthropic, educational, religious the class of 1879. After college he representation known as the Harvester and civic enterprises to which he gave entered the McCormick Harvesting Industrial Council plan. with great generosity of his means Machine Company, of which his Besides his connection with the and time. father was the head. The business International Harvester Company, Mr. Mr. McCormick was a member of career which long ago established McCormick was during his active the Union League, University, Chi­ Mr. McCormick as one of the world's business years a director of various cago, Chicago Athletic, Casino, Chi­ foremost industrial leaders began with other enterprises including the Illinois cago Literary, and Commercial Clubs this association with his father. In Merchants Bank, the National City of Chicago; Old Elm and Onwentsia 1884 the son succeeded to the presi­ Bank of New York, and the Chicago Clubs of Lake Forest, Illinois; and the dency of the McCormick Company, & North Western Railway. At the Metropolitan, Princeton, and Univer­ already the largest industry of its time of his death he was a trustee of sity clubs of New York. kind in the world. Princeton university, of the Field Mr. McCormick was married at In 1902. the McCormick Company Museum of Natural History, and of Monterey, California, March 5, 1889, united with others to form the Inter­ the Y. M. C. A. of Chicago, and was to Harriet Bradley Hammond, daugh­ national Harvester Company, and Mr. a director of the Presbyterian Theo­ ter of George Woodbury Hammond, McCormick was elected president. logical Seminary. He was awarded the a sea captain of Haverhill, Massachu­ During his thirty-three years as honorary degree of A.M. by Princeton setts. They had three children, Cyrus, president and chairman of the Har­ university in 1887 and that of LL.D. Elizabeth, and Gordon. The daughter vester Company Mr. McCormick pio­ by Lafayette college in 1915. died in childhood. In her memory was neered many activities in the Harvester While representing the McCormick established the Elizabeth McCormick organization which have had impor­ company at the Paris Exposition in Memorial fund which has pioneered many worthy works for children. Mrs. McCormick died January 17, 1911. As a memorial to her Mr. HARVESTER WORLD McCormick built and equipped the PUBLISHED BY INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER ORGANIZATION, Harriet Hammond McCormick Memo­ 606 S. Michisan Ave., Chicago, U.S.A. rial building at the corner of Oak and C B. CLARK, EDITOR -I- GLENN V. JOHNSON, ART EDITOR Dearborn streets, Chicago, now owned HARVESTER WORLD and operated by the Y. W. C. A. On During the final prayer. Dr. Anderson said: April 11, 1917, Mr. McCormick was "O Lord, we praise thee for the gift of this life. We recall all in married a second time at Dublin, N. H. him that made others love him. We thank thee for all the goodness and to Alice Hoit, daughter of Jeremiah truth that passed from this life into other lives and made the world richer P. Hoit, a pioneer merchant of Chicago. and happier in its passage." The funeral services were held June 4 at the Fourth Presbyterian Church The Directors of International Harvester Company served as active in Chicago. A great throng of friends pallbearers: and employes crowded the interior of John A. Chapman Harold F. McCormick the church, the corridors, and the Thomas E. Donnelley Addis E. McKinstry lawn outside. The Company's plants Wm. S. Elliott George A. Ranney and offices in the United States and Maurice F. Holahan Albert A. Sprague Canada were closed for the day. James R. Lea veil Judson F. Stone Dr. John Timothy Stone, pastor Sydney G. McAllister John Stuart emeritus, and Dr. Harrison Ray Ander­ Chauncey McCormick John P. Wilson son, pastor, officiated at the service. Cyrus McCormick Later a private service was held at The honorary pallbearers were the grave in Graceland cemetery, where Mr. McCormick was buried. Cyrus H. Adams, Jr. Charles G. King Frank O. Lowden Dr. Stone read a poem written by Frederick E. Bissell Warren H. Manning Mr. McCormick's daughter, Elizabeth, Edward T. Blair Robert H. McCormick who died in 1905 at the age of iz. W. McCormick Blair Robert R. McCormick Called "The Present," it conveyed the Walter S. Brewster Vance C. McCormick message of hope: Robert Bridges Francis P. Butler Wm. G. McCormick Joseph A. Capps W. B. Mcllvaine "Shut not thy heart upon the Henry J. Patten future, or some day George A. Carpenter John T. Pirie The bubble thou hast blown Alfred T. Carton Frank Presbrey in hope will break William E. Clow, Sr. Gordon Rentschler And leave thee sad and cheerless. Charles R. Crane Paul Cravath J. D. Rockefeller, Jr. Yet look not on the past, Joseph M. Cudahy Edward L. Ryerson Or it might darken all that's Edward Parker Davis Frederick H. Scott best and beautiful Charles G. Dawes Charles Schweppe In life, or leave thee listless and William E. Dodd Harold C. Smith afraid Harold W, Dodds Lawrence D. Smith To take up again thy burden, Albert D. Farwell Solomon A. Smith and to journey John V. Farwell Walter B. Smith Ever onward on the endless path Calvin Fentress, Jr. Frederick Stock of life. Stanley Field Silas H. Strawn So let not thy motto be 'I shall' John Finley Douglas Stuart or 'did,' Holmes Forsyth George Sullivan But always live the best of mot­ Francis Pendleton Gaines Russell Tyson toes—'Thus I do!' " C. B. Goodspeed John Paul Welling James H. Gore Thomas E. Wilson The service consisted of' 'How Beau­ John Hays Hammond Andrew Zenos tiful," a hymn written by Mr. McCor­ Morris L. Johnston mick and sung by Anna Burmeister, preceded by an organ prelude, invoca­ Members of the immediate family attending the services were: Mrs. Cyrus tion by Dr. Stone, an anthem, "Souls H. McCormick, the widow; Cyrus McCormick, son; Mrs. Cyrus McCormick, of the Righteous," by Byrd, followed daughter-in-law; Mrs. Emmons Blaine, sister; and Harold F. McCormick, by Old Testament readings by Dr. brother. Mr. McCormick's other son, Gordon, was in Honolulu and could not Stone, New Testament lessons read by reach Chicago in time for the funeral. Miss Mary Virginia McCormick, sister, Dr. Anderson, prayers by Dr. Ander­ and Stanley McCormick, brother, were in California and unable to attend the son, a choral rendition of "Abide services. With Me," the benediction by Dr. President Harold W. Dodds of Princeton university brought a wreath of Anderson, and organ postlude. ivy fashioned from vines on historic Nassau Hall. HARVESTER WORLD July, 1936 3 n M t m

3 i^esiolutton of tije Poarb of Hirectoce of international J^atbtittt Company*

throughout his life, Cyrus H. McCormick carried forward and developed his inherited tradition of industrial policies and prac­ tices. These policies and practices, reflecting RESOLVED, That we, as members of the the character of the man who, above all Board of Directors of the International Har­ others, initiated and enforced them, have vester Company, do hereby record the griev­ given our Company a character and a repu­ ous loss to our Board and to the Company tation judicially established as beyond through the death on June i, 1936, of our reproach. well-beloved fellow director Keen and far-sighted realist though he was, Cyrus H. McCormick was always the CYRUS H. McCORMICK idealist and altruist in both business and who had been a member of the Board since private life. The keynote of his character the Company's formation and had guided was a sense of responsibility. He did not the Company's destinies for sixteen years as desire that the Company which he headed president and then for seventeen years as should be the largest of its kind but he did chairman of the Board. demand that it should be the best; he did In paying this tribute of sorrow, of demand that in every transaction and rela­ respect and of honor to our departed chief­ tion the Company's affairs should be con­ tain, we are well aware that it is echoed in ducted in absolute good faith. the hearts and minds of very many others In the highest sense of the word Cyrus outside the Harvester organization and out­ H. McCormick was a philanthropist, giving side this community. Our city, state and liberally toward any cause or to any insti­ nation and all the civilized world join in tution or movement for the benefit of his mourning and honoring him. fellow man that he found worthy. No In the farm implement industry the name deserving personal appeal that reached his of Cyrus H. McCormick has been foremost attention went unheeded—and always his for more than half a century. Fifty-two benefactions in this and any other commu­ years ago, when his illustrious father, the nity were so quietly carried on that it inventor of the reaper, passed on, his eldest would be difficult if not impossible to com­ son, though only twenty-five years old, was pute, much less enumerate them. well fitted by intensive training and actual But our grief and regret over the passing experience to assume the responsibilities of Cyrus H. McCormick are much more than that came to him as president of the McCor­ merely official. Each one of us now mourns mick Company. and will always remember him as an asso­ How well he measured up to his respon­ ciate who was also a friend; who was the sibilities is attested by the McCormick soul of honor and of kindness; who was Company's expansion under his guidance, unfailingly just and generous; who was con­ by the creation of the International Har­ stantly an example to us and to all who vester Company in which he played so worked with him by reason of his courage important a part, and by the continued and his probity, his sincerity and his true growth of our Company in usefulness to nobility of spirit. agriculture and to humanity throughout the world. With the unswerving determination and indomitable will that characterized him HARVESTER WORLD

0 r I a m

13 i^ettolutton of tije (Executibe Council of 3n t e r n a t i 0 n a I J^at\icittt Companp

We, the members of the Executive Council tional, he regarded as his greatest inherit­ of the International Harvester Company, ance the responsibilities it had brought him now assembled on June 9, 1936, hereby toward a steadily increasing number of record, in so far as such things may be set employes and toward the farmers of Amer­ forth in words, the sorrow and the lasting ica and of the world. How he measured up regret, and the deep sense of official and to those responsibilities is evidenced by the personal loss that have been brought to each open record of the McCormick Company one of us by the death on June i, 1936, of and of the International Harvester Company —and a proud record it is for all who bear CYRUS H. McCORMICK the McCormick name and for all who have and we pay our tribute of respect to him served throughout the years under his who was for so many years the leader and leadership. guide, counsellor and friepd'of us all and The story of Cyrus H. McCormick's busi­ of the executives who have preceded us. ness life is not merely one of material Few men, if any, have served an industry . achievement, evidenced by the leadership longer than Mr. McCormick in positions of oui* company has held in this industry for ultimate responsibility and authority; none the last generation. has served with more outstanding distinc­ Beyond that, and beyond the business tion and success. For thirty-four years he policies that have made tht Harvester was constantly active as president of the Company's name synonymous around the McCormick Company and of the Harvester world with fair dealing toward customers, Company; for the next seventeen years he employes, stockholders and competitors, was chairman of our Board of Directors; stands a long list of efforts and accomplish­ and until a short time before his death he ments in the humanizing of industrial was a regular attendant at the meetings of relations; and in these things, too, the the Executive Council—more than fifty-one influence of Cyrus H. McCormick was arduous, eventful and constructive years. paramount throughout all his days. Elected to the presidency of the McCor­ Altruism of a reasoned and practical kind mick Company at twenty-five years of age, was the inner light of Mr. McCormick's upon the death of his father, the inventor character and the inspiration of his conduct. of the reaper, he already had a background He believed in his fellow men as individuals and foundation of experience in this busi­ and collectively, and his life demonstrates ness. It is of record that when he was a that altruism and philanthropy can march boy of only sixteen he wrote company let­ side by side with sound and keen business ters under the guidance of his father; and management. at eighteen he was sent abroad to negotiate As we mourn the good and great man important contracts. Leaving college at who has left us, so we cherish the principles twenty years of age, he applied himself and policies which are his bequest to us; with characteristic ardor and intensity to and so, too, we dedicate ourselves anew to broadening his knowledge of the business their preservation. As long as memory lasts by personal observation and service in office, we who were privileged to know him shall field and factory. keep on recalling this man among men with An inheritor of a name which his father affection and with honor, and with the had already made famous, and of opportu­ solemn realization of our obligation to nity for leadership in a basic industry that carry forward the example and tradition he was even then nation-wide and interna­ has left for us.

HARVESTER WORLD

iWcsisiases!

W'E. have lost a man in the hearts and minds of all. I know of no man in Chicago who W. G. Cobb was more universally admired or who not only played a principal role Secretary, Harvester's in the formation of our Company but Auburn (TV. Y.) Works Council liked than he, and his place in the was its first president, and who for community will be hard to fill. James B. Forgan, Jr. thirty-three years was the guiding Vice President, First spirit in the Company's growth and All Chicago will miss him sorely. National Bank of Chicago expansion. To all of us identified For these many, many years in addi­ with the Company, Mr. McCormick's tion to all of his other good work he death means the loss of a wise had always proved so helpful to the Slavko and I read in this morning's counselor and a sincere friend, for a Y.M.C.A., of which I happen to be "Times" of the passing of Mr. very large part of his time, thought, president, contributing so generously McCormick for whom we have so and strength was devoted to the well- of his time and so liberally of his long entertained a deep affection and being of the Company's personnel. funds that we are under lasting obli­ feelings of gratitude for his many Many of these activities which he gations. The inspiration of his life kindnesses to us and our country furthered in the Harvester organiza­ will continue with us throughout during the Balkan and world wars. tion have been the pattern for similar the years. Such faithfulness in friendship as his undertakings in industry at large. John S. Broeksmit is very rare, and it was only recently Vice President, Harris Trust He was equally generous of his time and Savings Bank, Chicago that I had a delightful letter from and means to many social, cultural, him. Mme. Slavko Grouitch and philanthropic enterprises. Slavko Grouitch, Minister Less well known but of great human Mrs. Roosevelt joins me in sending of JugO'Slavia, London value were the countless cases of his deepest sympathy to you and the kindly word and personal interest family. I feel a sense of personal loss and assistance to friends and strangers, in the death of my old friend. John (Root) and I have lost a good which have helped to make the world Franklin D. Roosevelt friend. He was always kind and a better place in which to live. We generous to us, interested in our work shall remember him as a friend and and valuable in his advice. as an associate, but his presence will He was one of Chicago's greatest We looked up to him as I think he also linger in the hearts of many citizens and yet one of its most un­ should be looked up to, an outstand­ whom, in passing, he stopped to assuming ones. ing, useful citizen, who can never be Dr. Nathan S. DavU III help on their way. Chicago replaced. John A. Holabird His devotion to high ideals and of Holabird and Root, responsibilities and humane interest Architects, Chicago in others should mark our pathway We have lost a true and valued for the future as it has done in the friend. To us he will always be past under his leadership. remembered as the personification A good friend who was so out­ Sydney G, McAllister of the "McCormick Spirit," that President, International standingly good and fine and such an Harvester Company understanding and friendly interest inspiration to us who worked for in his fellow men, that thorough him and were able to know and understanding of human relations appreciate him. The employes of Auburn works, which has done so much to bring John F. Moulder through their works council, about closer cooperation between em­ Hartford, Connecticut extend their sincere sympathy in the ployer and employe, and has made death of Cyrus H. McCormick, our the Harvester Company the out­ friend and benefactor. standing leader far in advance of all He was truly a great and gentle The memory of his friendship and others in this field. spirit and I deem it a privilege to interest in the common welfare of all Hugo R. Slivinski have known him. Plant Custodian Edith Boiling Wilson Harvester employes will linger long Deering Works (Mrs, Woodrouj Wilson) 10 HARVESTER WORLD July, 1936

He was a devoted son and trustee knowing him, and the example of his vester Club, in which his deep inter­ of Princeton, generous in support of life will long live. est and energetic participation never everything which was for the best L. O. Crosby Picayune, Mississippi flagged. Harvester Club interests of the university. We shall (extract from a sadly miss his strength of character, resolution of its Board) his wise counsel, and his kindly, I regarded him always as one of sturdy friendship. my best friends. Harold W. Dodds As I look back over his life, I feel Monuments to his memory sur­ President, Princeton University it was a most useful career. He meant round us everywhere and they will such a great deal to his friends and outlive all of us. associates. Frank J. Harmon Cyrus was one of the finest men I Harvester's Branch Manager David Lawrence New York City have ever known and I feel I have Editor of United States News lost one of my best friends. Washington, D. C. Paul Cravath Never was I privileged to know a New York City No other friend has done so much character who had such a high and to raise my standards of thought and wholesome sense of his responsibility It has never been my privilege to action. The records of his thought­ to his duties, his community and the know anyone who so ideally fulfilled ful, well organized, helpful action world and yet with so sweet and the responsibilities of his high sta­ aiding other people and in the sup­ kindly a nature. I am thinking of tion in life. He will be greatly port and uplift of welfare, educa­ the contacts I had with him that missed. tional, fine art, and industrial activ­ gave me my appreciation of those M. J. Loughlin ities will be a monument to him for qualities of his. Manager, Hamilton {Ontario) Branch, International Harvester Company all time to come. W. Scott Linn of Canada, Limited Warren H. Manning Chicago Landscape Architect Cambridge, Massachusetts He was one of those rare men who Another great and good man has combined goodness and thoughtful- He was one of the great citizens of been called to his reward. Always ness with great ability and distinc­ Chicago, and he contributed much to kind, thoughtful, and considerate of tion. His loss will be felt through­ the up-building of its institutions. others, I shall cherish my recollec­ out this country. His influence in the Y. M. C. A. and tions of him in the days of long ago. Antoinette Bancroft Pierce other public movements of similar My great regret is that I could not Cambridge, Massachusetts character was wide-spread and it will have known him better in his later be difficult to fill his place. years. My great admiration and affec­ Nathan William MacChesney Charles Westcott Ch icago Dictionary Editor, G. C. Merriam tionate regard for him has continued Springfield, Massachusetts unabated for more than thirty years, (Superintendent, McCormick Works, He will be missed in the field of 1SS2; with Harvester to 1906) for he was an exemplary type of manufacture and also that of human­ sturdy manhood and unselfish citizen­ itarian and philanthropic endeavor. We loved him, too, for what his ship. His devotion to civic progress Frank Sillotvay capable leadership, over so many and philanthropic endeavor have John Deere Plow Company Moline, Illinois years, has meant to the Harvester won him a high place in the history Company. of Chicago and the nation. Chicago The loss of such an important and Illinois earnestly mourn his His democratic kindly interest, fair figure came as a great blow to all who going. sense of justice generous and friendly Henry Horner appreciated the wide extent of his concern for the well-being of Harves­ Governor of the State of Illinois accomplishments and the need for his ter men and women everywhere are sound advice. now blazoned in Company policies. Walter C. Teagle A finer man never lived. He was President, Standard Oil of New Jersey We are convinced that his advice universally respected and widely New York City and wise counsel have permeated the loved. He was one of God's noble­ hearts and minds of Harvester exec­ men, high-minded, generous, and Through all of his thirty-three utives who will carry on these pol­ able. years of leadership in the Company's icies, which will forever record more John D. Rockefeller, Jr. affairs, Mr. McCormick steadfastly adequately than any other kind of a New York City devoted himself to the interests of monument one whose memory will the men and women in the Harvester be loved and honored for all time. His memory is cherished by all organization and furthered many of George J. Kelday who may have had the pleasure of his high purposes through the Har­ Manager, Harvester's Industrial Relations Department HARVESTER WORLD 11

We, the Indian race, have lost a he was 77. I will be 70 this coming spirit and manner. He contributed great friend. We shall hear his voice December. I wrote him a few years wonderfully to the joyousness of our no more but we shall carry on what ago and I prize a beautiful letter '79 reunions in Princeton. he left us—gifts of spirit and char­ from him. He remembered taking the His life and character enriched our acter, the joy of American freedom three Scotch boys into his church class history. We all will want to and citizenship and the happiness of away back in 1887—^what a memory be better, nobler men for knowing the Christian faith. Only last fall for such a busy business man! We him. he helped in a beautiful way when cannot spare him just now; such men Samuel Allen Harlow (Class of 1879, Princeton) we called on him. May we all march should live for ever and ever. Congregational Minister Northampton, Massachusetts on and lose ourselves in his enthus­ William Law iasms and noble purposes. Hollis, New York Henry Roe Cloud He was an old and valued friend, Office, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and I shall miss him. Department of the Interior, Washington I knew your father from boyhood. Alfred Lewis Dennis We attended the same Sunday school (Class of 1879, Princeton) As a young Scotchman of 21 and a in New York—before the family Newark, New Jersey stranger in Chicago the first Sunday I moved to Chicago. Afterward we was there in 1887 with two other met again at Princeton, and at '79's The world has lost a great man Scotch boys who also came to reunion two years ago we had several and I my best friend. Chicago with me, we set out from pleasant chats. His class will miss Professor Louis Decker (Class of 1879, Princeton) 241 Illinois St. to look for a Presby­ him greatly, and the university will Composer and Teacher of Music terian church. I had just reached mourn a wise counsellor and good Glens Falls, New York Chicago the night before, but the friend. Walter H. Sloane other two boys had been there a (Class of IS79, Princeton) The session of the Fourth Presby­ Retired Businessnuin week, and Hector Ross, one of the Brooklyn, New York terian Church held its monthly meet­ boys, said he had noticed a church ing last Friday afternoon, June 19th. some blocks north; so we set out for The very mention of Mr. McCor­ Princeton University has lost a it to find it was the old Fourth mick's name brought a deep silence wise counsellor and every living Presbyterian church. of awe and reverence. The twenty- member of '79 a firm friend. three men present were of one accord The three of us stood watching F. L' Sevenoak the fine carriage teams of horses as (Class of l»79, Princeton) in their expression of admiration and Retired Acting President of they pulled up to the church door Stevens Institute of Technology appreciation of his life and influence. Pittsfield, Massachusetts and we had about made up our minds It is impossible to even estimate the that plain Scotch boys did not just blessings which flowed from the fit in among such a fine class of Our whole country has lost in the heart of this good man. The Fourth people when your good father came death of Cyrus H. McCormick one of Church will miss him greatly. smartly down the front steps of the Session of the Fourth Presbyterian its really great men—great in Chris­ Church, Chicago church, crossed the street, and in­ tian character, in intelligent, world­ Samuel C Henry, Clerk vited us and took us by the arms wide philanthropy, in scientific at­ into his church. At the conclusion tainment, in large industrial under­ It was my rare privilege to serve on of the service a Mr. Donaldson, who standing and management, in un­ the Princeton Board of Trustees for was also a Scotchman, came to us to obtrusive political wisdom; and he fourteen years with him as a fellow- say that Mr. McCormick, the gen­ manifested the choice qualities of trustee. His passing on is a very sad tleman who had brought us into friendship. Only a few knew with thing to me, because he invariably church, had sent him to say that if what confidence and devotion former showed courtesy and friendship to his any of us needed money, positions, President Woodrow Wilson leaned on associates. He was one of the most boarding houses, or rooming houses his unselfish advice and friendship as loyal Princeton men I have ever met. he, Mr. Donaldson, had orders from a college classmate and friend of Henry J. Cochran Mr. McCormick to see that we Vice Chairman, Board of Directors, over sixty years. Bankers Trust Company were all made happy. May I say that Reverend Alexander James Kerr New York City (Class of 1879, Princeton) we needed nothing as we had been Presbyterian Minister Middletown, New York thrifty boys and had saved a little Although his generosity was large­ bit for a stormy day. However, it ly responsible for the creation of the was the greatest offer I ever heard of He was a dear classmate and friend, School of Architecture and at the to three strangers. for whom I cherished great esteem same time added fundamentally to Now, that is a little story about and affection. I shall always re­ the effectiveness of the Department of him of forty-nine years ago. I notice member his gracious and kindly Art and Archaeology, his greatest 12 HARVESTER WORLD July, 1936

contribution to the expansion of the We feel that we have lost an old is testimony to the fine and useful study of art in Princeton University and valued friend and associate of life he lived. was his constant encouragement and many years. His name will always Lewis E. Pierson Chairman, Board of Directors, his farsighted insistence upon plan­ stand for leadership in the harvester Irving Trust Company, New York City ning for the future. The Department industry of the world. and School will always remember the Charles H. Haney Retired Harvester Manager of I had known him since 1900, when part he played in the most crucial Foreign Sales period of their history, and all who as a youngster I left the Sorbonne in enjoyed his friendship will never Paris to become associated with forget the constancy of his interest, All of the friends of your company Edward B. Butler of Butler Brothers. the stimulus of his enthusiasm, and here join with me in expressing our Mr. McCormick's friendship for me the wisdom of his advice. The deep sympathy in the loss of Cyrus began at that time and he remained Department and the School appre­ H. McCormick, who through all the my friend until the day he passed on. ciate the distinction that Mr. McCor­ years has been so influential in build­ We have lost a most distinguished mick gave to their interests in the ing into your organization that citizen, an unusual man, and one of midst of the many responsibilities which has given it its world-wide rare qualities. which he assumed because of his reputation, reflecting the highest We need more Cyrus McCormicks devotion to Princeton and his many standards of character and fair deal­ in this troubled world. other activities. They wish to ex­ ing. Henry L. Couteron Frederick C Hughes Agency Group Supervisor, press to his family their deep sym­ General Manager, New Departure Equitable Life Assurance Society Manufacturirig Company pathy and the great sense of loss Bristol, Connecticut which they share with all Prince- tonians. His passing is a very real loss to Minute of the Department I well remember the time he re­ the entire country. The extent of his of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University turned from Europe and upon arrival influence and the breadth of his in Chicago went immediately by humanity have made him a national auto to sit with the boys and girls at WHEREAS during the more than figure, of a type we can ill afford to their annual event at the McCormick fifty years he was connected with our lose. works. There was no doubt of his H. D. Campbell industry and the business he did so sincere interest in them and their President, The Chase National Bank much to promote, Mr. McCormick New York City work. consistently displayed the admirable His passing means the loss of a traits of true friendship, generous staunch friend indeed. He was a splendid man in every consideration for others, as well as G. L. Noble sense of the word. Even I, very much proving not only a considerate and Managing Director, National Committee on Boys and Girls an outsider except for the Princeton thoughtful executive, but a warm, Club Work, Chicago tie, have had contacts extending human gentleman as well; and over nearly thirty years, and all most WHEREAS his memory will long He was a great man of world-wide pleasant. linger, particularly in the minds of Robert C McNanxara repute and held by all in the highest Vice President, Scott, Foresman those who knew him best, as a admiration and esteem. His loss will and Company, Chicago pioneer in many fields of industrial be felt universally. improvement designed to make the Regiruild McKenna lives of thousands of persons more Chairman, Midland Bank, Ltd. This misfortune terminates for me London safe and comfortable at their work a splendid business association with a and more secure and happy in their rare person. I know that he leaves homes; be it therefore This branch organization will al­ behind him many friends. RESOLVED that in behalf of the ways hold in their minds the true Glenn Griswold American ideals of a most wonderful Vice Presiiient, McGraw-Hill employes of Tractor works, the Company, New York Tractor Works Council expresses its man. H. L. Nichols extreme grief at the passing of this Credit and Collection Manager, great leader *nd sincere humanitarian Harvester's Houston, Texas, Branch He will be greatly missed by the who so many times in the past multitude who knew him but to showed such genuine interest and We were well acquainted with his honor and most highly esteem him. real concern in the problems of our outstanding contributions to the We all mourn the irreplaceable loss employes and did so much to aid progress of your great industry and of this most useful man so highly them. to industry as a whole. The deep regarded and sincerely missed by all. Tractor Works Industrial Council John D. Rockefeller Chicago respect in which he was held by all Lakewood, New Jersey HARVESTER WORLD 13

I feel Chicago has lost its best surely because he never did an un­ great business which he was so help­ citizen and that I have lost a very kind or unfriendly thing. ful in building up, and to his world­ dear friend for whom I had the His unfailing kindness, his appre­ wide army of business associates and highest regard and affection. ciation of intellect, his enthusiastic personal friends. His benefactions Charles Schweppe pleasure in the beauty of nature and were so generous and so well planned Vice President, Lee, Higginson Corporation, Chicago his quiet and persistent furtherance to aid the cause of Christianity and of all good things—these have been the betterment of human life that their influence will be felt for gener­ The world has lost a man whose an inspiration to many. ations to come. life and character will always stand Generally he was admired and I shall always miss Cyrus. Please out as an inspiration to others. I esteemed for his civic value, his per­ accept my sincere sympathy in this have lost one whose friendship sonal dignity and the unqualified hour of your deep bereavement, and meant much to me. probity of his life. I was more for­ Frederick H. Scott tunate in being permitted to see his extend it to the other members of Vice President, Carson Pirie affectionate disposition and gentle­ your family. Scott & Co., Chicago ness and to know him as the great Cyrus' passing brings to my mind gentleman he was. the wonderful expression of Tagore's What a wonderful friend he was to Alfred E. Hamill —"Death is not extinguishing the Western Representative, us and how much we honored and Goldman Sachs & Company, Chicago light. It is putting out the lamp loved him! because the dawn has come." Phillips Wynuin Frank Presbrey New York City One of the greatest privileges and (Secretary, Class of 1879, Princeton) pleasures of my life has been that of Chairman, Board of Directors, Frank Presbrey Co., New York City What a glorious harvest he has knowing and counting as a friend reaped for the world! through our young and later our John //, Finley mature years that prince of men, The passing of my dear Cyrus into Editor, New York Times, Cyrus H. McCormick. Our class­ New York City a new life for him must be a new mate at college. Dr. E. P. Davis, has glory as he will be finding there the so beautifully given expression to the beautiful flowers and fruits of happi­ He was one of the noblest and universal evaluation of Cyrus that ness, the seeds of which he so un­ most unselfish characters I ever whatever may be written or said ceasingly planted among us all. encountered. about him will but accentuate the Edward Blair George H. Sullivan Chicago details of those sterling qualities so Attorney, New York City poetically phrased by his great ad­ mirer, affectionately known to all I was so very, very fond of him. his classmates as "E. P."— He was so great and so gentle a In the passing of Cyrus H. McCor­ spirit and oh, so really—good. "He guided men in large affairs; mick, the International Committee He was a link with the most pre­ He shared the lives of small and of Young Men's Christian Associa­ cious memories of my girlhood and great; tions lost one of their oldest, most he had a peculiar binding quality And in his manhood years, his state loyal, influential and helpful mem­ for so much that I hold in deepest Was that of one whom everywhere bers and friends. reverence. Men love and trust, and comprehend Within a very short time after his Mrs. James L. Cushman Through him the sacred name of graduation from Princeton in the late ParU Friend." seventies, as a member of the famous As secretary of the Class of '79 at class along with President Woodrow My father was a man of the same Princeton I had intimate knowledge Wilson and Cleveland H. Dodge, he school and from him I inherited at of Cyrus' love for his classmates, and was elected to the International Com­ least his appreciation of a friend of his keen interest in the welfare of mittee. He was one of the three many years. I remember when he those who were ill or in distress. He youngest men ever elected to the took me as a boy one Sunday to see was ever ready and eager to extend Committee and he continued his the new stables at Walden. Mr. a helping hand, and with his cus­ official relation to the International McCormick showed us about and for tomary modesty would suggest that Committee for four decades. During the first time I met that courtesy and anything like financial aid be credited this long period, although living in kindliness that was so characteristic to the Class Committee and not to Chicago, he frequently attended the and that I have had opportunity to himself. He was always a liberal monthly meetings and the annual enjoy on so many other occasions. I contributor to the Class Fund. dinners, as well as occasional con­ have never heard an unkind or His death is a great loss to the ferences and consultations when criti­ unfriendly thing said of him. It was nation, to his city—Chicago—to the cal problems and issues were under 14 HARVESTER WORLD July, 1936 consideration. He freely gave of his In the passing of Cyrus H. McCor­ ity—as if he had already survived time and thought whenever the mick, mankind has lost a great bene­ the vicissitudes of his years. secretaries on their journeys in the factor. His devotion to the high Frances (Mrs. Sven Gantxel) West sought his counsel or the ideals and aims of his illustrious Kg. Lyngby, Copenhagen, Denmark exercise of his unique influence. ancestor has given a fuller life to Like his father and mother through­ many millions of people. As members of this council we have out their lives, he was a constant, Through his untiring energies, had ample opportunity of observing generous and discriminating donor guided by a deep interest in the the benefits of the plan he instituted toward the International Committee welfare of others, the International and kept alive with his zeal for the as well as other Association enter­ Harvester Company has grown to welfare of the employes of this com­ prises. Among his countless gifts, a large and successful business, sup­ pany. The works councils will stand one of the most notable was the one ported by interested and loyal em­ as a perpetual monument to his which made possible one of the ployes. Fifty years of successful memory. Hamilton (Ontario) principal buildings in the Far East leadership has seen a continued Twine Mill Works Council in connection with the last great growth of the business and of the Foreign Association building pro­ harmonious relationships with its The world has lost one of her best gram. Dr. Mott bears testimony employes, which are evidences of citizens, an honest friend to many, that he cannot recall an instance the soundness of his principles. kindly but stern when necessary. He when Mr. McCormick turned a deaf The sympathetic policies of his was a man. ear to any Association appeal pre­ administration made possible such Chris Borg sented by him across the many years. things as a Pension Plan, an Em­ Retired Harvester Manager of Works One of the greatest services ever ployes' Benefit Association, Employe rendered by Mr. McCormick was Representation, a Safety Program We have always respected and held that of Chairman of the memorable and Medical Service, all of which Mr. McCormick in high esteem for Committee of Twenty-One which were prompted by a keen interest in his qualities of leadership and the rendered its report at the Buffalo the well-being of the individual kindly interest he always manifested Convention and which report had employe. in the well-being of Harvester em­ such profound influence on Associa­ ployes. In appreciation of the advantages Fort Wayne Works Council tion polity. now enjoyed by the employes of the Throughout the World War and International Harvester Company as As chairman of '79 I speak for the the critical demobilization period he a result of Mr. McCormick's sound whole class which he adored. We was a tower of strength in the business policies and keen sense of were on the class committee together National War Work Council of the justice and fair play, the Works for over fifty years. He always Associations. Others will bear tes­ Council of the Wisconsin Steel Works backed us to the limit. At our last timony to his relation to the Chicago extend this expression of sorrow in reunion two years ago he was with Association, the importance of which the loss of a respected leader and a us and we had a fine time together. contribution cannot be overstated. friend. You have seen the picture taken on Minutes of Wisconsin Steel Works Council International Committee of the steps of '79 Hall. Young Men's Christian Associations Robert Bridges Charles Scribner's Sons He lived a wonderful life and his New York City career will be a splendid example to RESOLVED that the Council of coming generations. You have already seen so many the Pan American Society join in a Fitch Bryant New York City tributes to the great man who has universal expression of regret for gone—eulogies by press and plat­ their late fellow member, Mr. Cyrus form and from your friends—that H. McCormick, called forth by death The Council joins the Harvester you need no further assurance as to during this year. The memory of organization in paying tribute to his place in the hearts of his genera­ his service and, likewise, our de­ him, not only for his wisdom in tion or in history. But I do want to lightful association with him in business affairs, but also for his sin­ say that Mr. McCormick was one of promoting the ideals of the Society cere and constant interest in the the noblest and most lovable human will ever be cherished by us all, and welfare of employes and their fami­ spirits I have ever known. Never we hereby record the sense of our lies. have I seen in human form a rarer Benham (Ky.) Works Council personal bereavement in the passing combination of sweetness and away of this valued friend. strength. Council Resolution He seemed so untouchable in his Francis Pendleton Gaines Pan American Society, Inc. President, Washington & Lee University New York gentleness, his gallantry, his benign­ Lexington, Virginia HARVESTER WORLD 15

^regg Comment

Because of his working and abilities as a businessman and indus­ CHICAGO EVENING AMERICAN thinking through a long life, Chi­ trialist, the company which his CYRUS HALL McCORMICK, cago and America are richer in a father founded was skillfully brought A Builder of Chicago—The death of thousand ways. along to a place among the outstand­ Cyrus Hall McCormick removes not ing industrial organizations in the only a fine and useful citizen but a BROOKLYN (N. Y.) EAGLE world. His is another story of intelli­ link with the moving romance of CYRUS HALL McCORMICK II gently utilized opportunities. There Chicago's formative years. —The late Cyrus Hall McCormick II is a tendency in many of us to The name of McCormick is in- was one of those rare characters who deprecate the success of a man whose dissolubly associated with the up­ crop up every once in a while to dis­ start was blessed with the aids given building of Chicago and the "typical prove the generally accepted theory to Mr. McCormick's, but there is no prairie states" of the great central that the genius of great men seldom logical basis for such deprecation. valley. is carried forward into their sons. It To found a great concern requires Invention of the reaper by the was Cyrus I who invented the famous unusual ability, but an equal amount first Cyrus Hall McCormick opened McCormick reaper, which has so is required to take it from the hands a new era in the development of greatly contributed to lifting the of its founders and carry it to heights agriculture, an era in which Chicago burden of drudgery from the farmer's which even the founders probably was to grow into one of the greatest shoulders. It was Cyrus II who took never envisioned. To men like Mr. of cities as the financial, commercial this reaper and built upon it the McCormick, even though their other and cultural capital of the richest International Harvester Company, rewards are many, the world owes farm region on earth. which has had such a profound influ­ considerable thanks for their ability With the passing of the inventor, ence upon the development of agri­ to organize human energies on a vast the second Cyrus Hall McCormick culture not only in this country but scale that cannot but improve the took over the direction of the great throughout the world. welfare of millions of other human harvester manufacturing business. He A man of unusual foresight and beings. retired from active participation in energy, the late Mr. McCormick was the corporation's affairs only last one of the last industrial pioneers HOUSTON (TEXAS) POST September. from whose labor America has bene­ PHILANTHROPIST PASSES— The business lives of these two fited incalculably. He was among the A sagacious businessman and a men, father and son, cover the whole first to visualize the vast agricultural warm-hearted humanitarian passed period of Chicago's growth from a potentialities of this country, to from the American industrial stage gawky mushroom city into a realize what was necessary to capi­ when death called Cyrus H. McCor­ metropolis. talize the latent opportunities and mick, who built his father's com­ The father had much to do with to supply the means whereby this pany into one of the nation's great setting that headlong growth in was possible. industries. motion, the son with propelling it To many millions of America's His father invented the mechan­ along. farmers and to equally as many ical grain reaper to found an industry In education, in the spread of millions of urban dwellers, Mr. which not only grew to huge propor­ general culture as well as in business, McCormick opened new fields of tions but which revolutionized agri­ the second Cyrus Hall McCormick endeavor which have yielded not culture here and throughout the was an indefatigable laborer for the only rich dividends in wealth but in world as the invention of the cotton good of Chicago. happiness. gin revolutionized cotton growing He was an important figure in and processing. national affairs, a trusted adviser of FORT WAYNE (IND.) NEWS-SENTINEL When the inventor died, the President Wilson. Cyrus H. McCormick, member affairs of the company were placed Born to affluence, he might have of a family known throughout the in strong hands. The son developed idled his life away. Instead he chose world for its illustrious association it beyond his father's fondest dreams, to work diligently, creating wealth with the history of the International clinging to the idealism of the and comfort for millions besides Harvester Company, has died, clos­ founder, who believed his invention himself. ing a remarkable career. Through his should be handled in such a manner 16 HARVESTER WORLD July, 1936 that it would provide the greatest can be appraised at something like ress, standing for those attributes of possible benefits to agriculture. its true import. courage, foresight, and in some cases The International Harvester inventive genius, which in recent Company grew rapidly, but even in PORTLAND (OREGON) OREGONIAN years have been rather loosely directing its expanding affairs Cyrus TO SET MEN FREE—The death grouped under the general classifica­ H. McCormick found time for nu­ of Cyrus Hall McCormick, son of the tion of "rugged individualism." merous philanthropies. Much of the inventor of the reaping machine, bids The name McCormick has come company's rapidly accumulating us remember how very recent, as into public notice in the last week profits he put back into research. He generations are tallied, was the time through the death of Cyrus Hall contributed liberally to benevolent when the cradle scythe—no more McCormick, 77 years old, who was enterprises, educational institutions, than a slight improvement over the head of the great industrial concern social service agencies and churches. sickle of the Pharaohs—constituted which was the direct outgrowth of He gave huge sums to make avail­ all that was available in harvesting his father's genius. Linking these able to farmers opportunities for implements. Yet since that time, the two personalities, each bearing the scientific study. time of our grandfathers, the use of same name, one is struck by the fact The company his father founded improved cultivating and harvesting that in one generation a machine has and which he developed stands as a machinery, so it is said, has reduced been invented, developed, and then model of an industry conceived and the labor period required to produce redesigned so that it bears resem­ operated not alone for profit but as a bushel of wheat from three hours blance to the progenitor only in an instrument for economic and social to ten minutes. The name of McCor­ basic principle, and then submitted advancement of the country. mick must forever have this historic, to organization in manufacture and America needs more such indus­ industrial, and economic association. distribution, and made a major power tries and more industrialists like the The McCormick reaper of the for revolution in agriculture the two men who have borne the name early 19th century was a crude ma­ world over. of Cyrus H. McCormick. chine by comparison with those The story of the reaper is a mechanical devices which today reap McCormick story, likewise it has all TULSA (OKLA.) DAILY WORLD and thresh and sack the ripened grain the elements which dominate in any PROGRESS IS SWIFT—Close­ as they progress across the field of familiar machine age thesis, although ness to the pioneer era in national life harvest. But, crude as it was, it was in the McCormick case these factors was realized anew last week when a mechanical miracle of its period, stand forth in sharp outline and the second Cyrus Hall McCormick and it represented then—as it yet immense proportions. In one genera­ died. He was the son of the first does—the amazing evolution of an tion a McCormick machine has been C. H. McCormick, the inventor of ideal, a dream, to practical utility. invented and perfected to a point at the reaper, introduced 105 years ago Such inventions both close and begin which it has conquered the prairies and patented loi years ago. He definite eras in human culture, and of North America and then that became one of the great manufac­ more often than otherwise they are machine was reformed and enlarged turers and philanthropists of his the result not of an individual genius, in its functions and made able to time. The man who has just died that which brings the dream to to conquer possible grain growing was born when his father was 50 fruition, but of many dreams that areas the world over, even the steppes years old. In his own career he exem­ were earlier dismissed as impracti­ of Russia and fields inside the Arctic plified enterprise and vision and also cable. It is as proper, if not more so, Circle. became a noted philanthropist. The to choose for humanity's milestones Cyrus Hall McCormick, the progress of the country in the 105 such epochal events as it is to employ younger, carried on the work of his years of the McCormick era has been great wars for such purpose. father, developed and enlarged it. almost past credence. The extension He became one of the wealthiest men of the country was greatly accelerated ALBANY (N. Y.) KNICKERBOCKER-PRESS in America, patron of arts, donor of by the horse-drawn reaper, which THE CYRUS HALL McCOR- large sums for benevolences, educa­ has been superseded by vast machines MICKS—FATHER AND SON—In tion, hospitals, etc. But, even as his called "combines." It is not strange all this broad land of ours there is business scope was unmeasurably that the French Academy of Sciences no family name more familiar to larger than that of his sire, so also called the first C. H. McCormick a people generally than McCormick. were his methods dissimilar to those great man, "as having done more for Not only the name of a famous pio­ of his famous ancestor. So much can agriculture than any other living neer, one who made vast areas of be said with no disparagement of the man." This is harvest season, and prairie land valuable, but McCor­ elder McCormick. He expressed the the transition from the old reap hook mick has long been a symbol in genius of his age, and his son was an or cradle scythe to big machinery America; one denoting national prog­ outstanding example of the newer HARVESTER WORLD 17 capitalistic philosophy which takes work on earth, but has left behind lows as mere stature in inches never cognizance of a "social responsi­ him fruits of that long and active could have done. There have been bility." career which will survive him for many men who wanted to be tall; While Cyrus McCormick, the many years to come. Thousands bene­ many who desired to stand out among elder, has a secure niche in the hall fited directly from his concern for the their fellows—and the most positive of fame as inventor of the reaper, he welfare of his fellow beings, but the way of doing this for Mr. McCor­ had keen rivals in the manufacturing upbuilding of a whole nation has mick, as it is for anyone is to be sure field from the very first. In demon­ been aided by the epochal inventions to be helping someone. strating reapers it was not unusual with which he was associated. Only it never has been easy. We to cause the rival's machine a whole With his father he helped to dare say that the great Cyrus McCor­ series of unexplainable mishaps. It is develop and perfect the reaper and mick worked harder at this job than not recorded that Cyrus McCormick harvester that made possible large- at any other. frowned on any of these methods of scale grain growing in the West. As Making reapers for grain was sabotage if employed by his men and chairman of the International Har­ child's play beside the sowing and to confound a competitor. vester Company he extended the reaping of such a thoughtful, such a As the young manufacturing benefits of that invention to all parts selfless career. business grew labor troubles devel­ of the world. Chicago will long oped. Cyrus McCormick met them remember his philanthropies for bet­ WHEELING (W. VA.) NEWS-REGISTER as did other "rugged individualists" tering the lot of its citizens, and his RICHES NOT ALL HOARD­ of his day—head on, and no quarter. numerous donations for educational ED—The late Cyrus H. McCormick, Well, a great change can be dis­ and religious purposes. who built the International Harvester cerned in these particulars of "social Company into a $2.0,0000,000 corpo­ responsibility" when the iron rule MEXICO (MISSOURI) INTELLIGENCER ration that employs 50,000 workmen, of the elder McCormick is compared WHAT CYRUS McCORMICK was one of many rich American with the benevolent regime by his SOWED AND REAPED. A few days manufacturers who distributed much son. The International Harvester ago the Associated Press dispatches of his wealth to worthy causes. He Company, of which the son was carried the news of the death of gave Chicago its fine Y. W. C. A. head, has had as many as 50,000 Cyrus Hall McCormick and related home, established a trades and arti­ employes. It developed a program of in connection with that fact the fol­ san school in New York for training profit sharing with its employes and lowing remark: "Cyrus Hall McCor­ boys, contributed $150,000 to relief also brought to maturity a long list mick was once described to a person in 1930 and 1931, and eight years ago of social agencies, including hos­ seeking the great manufacturer in a gave a million and a half dollars to pitalization, health insurance, un­ crowded station, as 'a tall man sure the Presbyterian Theological Semi­ employment benefits, as well as a to be helping someone.' " nary. These were just a few of his scheme of recreational activities. How brief; but how graphic! benefactions. What is equally important, it While this man was chairman Among the policies he inaugu­ seems to me, is the fact that into all of the board of the International rated that dealt with his company's these Cyrus Hall McCormick, son of Harvester Company; while he was a relations with workers was a pension the founder, put his personal interest. great commercial executive; while system wholly supported by the com­ It was not a fatherly interest; he was he was head of the largest plant for pany's funds. not a believer in nor did he practice the manufacturing of farm machinery The harvester machine invented industrial paternalism. Rather, it in the world, he still was said to by Mr. McCormick's father was a might be said he had a brotherly always have time to be interested reaper which revolutionized farming interest; he met and dealt with in others. all over the world. employes of the Harvester Company The description of "great busi­ on a basis of common humanity, as ness executive" might have fitted MEMPHIS (TENNESSEE) man to man. And that represents a many men in his generation; but if COMMERCIAL APPEAL wide gulf of separation from the one wanted to single Mr. McCor­ MAKER OF IMPLEMENTS— spirit and philosophy which perme­ mick out from a great crowd in a Cyrus Hall McCormick was one of ated industry in the time of the large railway station, this acquaint­ the great makers of farm implements original McCormick. ance of his gave two characteristics, adapted to the application of power a "tall man," and an "unselfish one" to do work. The present generation LOS ANGELES (CALIF.) TIMES —sure to be "helping someone." may have some natural difficulty in Capitalist and philanthropist of This unselfishness was much realizing just what it meant when a historic American name, Cyrus more unique than his height; and it the original Cyrus Hall McCormick Hall McCormick has finished his life made him stand out among his fel­ brought out a mechanical reaper that 18 HARVESTER WORLD July, 1936 would work, but there are still some McCormick's policy of sharing of high and low degree reflected the left amongst us who know what it wealth, without the political con­ esteem in which the industrialist was meant to cut grain with a cradle. nivance behind so many of the held. He was once described to a Whether Cyrus Hall McCormick schemes now extant but less worthy person seeking the manufacturer in a had any definite idea of what he was of the name, was at once the basic crowded railroad station as a "tall starting is a question, but he probably and ruling principle of a heart that man sure to be helping some one." did visualize something of what has sought in the sublime tenets of gen­ Gifts of philanthropists provide come to pass. At any rate, he set in erosity to uplift humankind and the sums which play an important part motion forces that are still exerting truest expression of a sincere feeling in the life of the country. Needed themselves and will doubtless extend of brotherhood. His deeds were as support for hospitals, churches, their sphere of influence further and simple as his faith; his love and con­ schools, and social service organiza­ further as time passes. The death of cern for his fellow creatures so con­ tions, without which they could not a man who was part and parcel of stant and of such lasting qualities function, has meant the difference the beginning of a great movement that his influence and benevolence between suffering and impaired op­ of change may be an appropriate will not be buried with him. This portunities their elimination would time to suggest the real necessity "tall man" will be missed. create and higher public taxes. and validity of trying as hard as SOUTH BEND (IND.) NEWS TIMES may be to predict the future and SELLBRSVILLE (PA.) HERALD prepare to meet it as economically The life story of Cyrus H. Mc­ IN A SHORT SPACE—The re­ and efficiently as possible. Cormick is an example of the old cent death of Cyrus Hall McCormick, school of rugged individualism. Son son of the inventor of the reaper, NASHVILLE (TENNESSEE) BANNER of the inventor of the farm reaper, his impresses us with the fact that much has been done in a short space. It A "TALL MAN" PASSES— company became world famous when seems impossible in this day and age Cyrus Hall McCormick, once identi­ he took over the management of an that there was a time when the fied as a "tall man, sure to be helping industry founded by his father. wheat crops of this and other lands some one," is dead. His death thins After he left college he donned were harvested by hand. the ranks of a generation of "tall overalls and started at the bottom in men" whose stature is measured, not an industry which, later, he was to Had the reaper not been invented always by physical proportions, but manage and lead to international this would have been a country of by the manner in which they utilized greatness. small farms. Farmers' sons would their resources in benefitting man­ In his maturity he gave gener­ have been compelled to remain on kind. ously of his fortune for the develop­ the land, for every bit of available It is a matter of sectional pride ment of scientific farming, thus man power would have been neces­ that the famed McCormick reaper putting back to the farms some of sary to till the soil and harvest the was invented in the South. The first the wealth gained therefrom. crops. Cyrus McCormick perfected the ma­ NEW ORLEANS (LOUISIANA) chine while a resident of Rockbridge INDIANAPOLIS (IND.) STAR TIMES PICAYUNE County, Virginia, building it in a WEALTH USED TO ADVAN­ Almost as sweeping if not as blacksmith shop on his father's farm. TAGE—Mr. McCormick was the son spectacular as the revolution wrought He was compelled, however, to go of the reaper's inventor. He was by the automobile was the change North to finance its manufacture. closely associated with his father in the mechanical harvester caused in While capably filling his father's developing that achievement and farm life. That change was in great shoes in perpetuation of the McCor­ building up a great industrial organ­ part the work of Cyrus H. McCor­ mick industries, the actual vocation ization. The corporation became the mick. The machines which later of the second McCormick in his world's largest manufacturer of farm made the International Harvester latter years is representative of a machinery, with many plants in the Company into one of the world's spirit of philanthropy shown by the United States and abroad. It pro­ foremost enterprises were largely of many endowments through which he vided employment for an army of his father's devising, but it was preferred for his wealth to flow into more than 50,000 workers. through Cyrus H. McCormick, as channels of maximum public benefit. The fortune which Mr. McCor­ president of the Company and later The Elizabeth McCormick Memorial mick amassed was devoted to numer­ as chairman of the board, that the fund, in memory of the daughter he ous avenues of public service. Many corporation attained its huge growth mourned, was dedicated to the wel­ millions were distributed as gifts to and influence upon finance and inter­ fare of American children. The the­ educational, religious, social service, national trade as well as agriculture. ological seminary formerly bearing and other worth-while activities. In a sense, McCormick put back the family name was another. Expressions of sorrow from persons into the soil much of what he took HARVESTER WORLD 19 from it. Known for various philan­ the church in 1933 and at that time man with ideas of business efficiency thropies, it was through vast farm­ expressed fear that he would never that were regarded then as in advance ing surveys he organized and financed return. of his day. He more than any other in other countries as well as the The kneeling cushion used at the individual was responsible for the United States that he won special marriage ceremony and the white merger nearly 35 years ago of the recognition and, incidentally, so altar hangings are still used by the five concerns as the principal ele­ entrenched his own products that church at weddings and on certain ments in the mammoth International they dominated the fields of the feast days. Harvester Company. world. Close friend and adviser of the late President Wilson, a Prince­ BENTON HARBOR (MICH.) PALLADIUM CLARKSVILLE (TENN.) LEAF-CHRONICLE ton honor graduate who had donned FAMOUS FOR BENEFAC­ The death of Cyrus H. McCor­ overalls and gone to work in a TIONS—Cyrus Hall McCormick was mick, manufacturer and philanthro­ factory, member of a family that once described to a person seeking pist, removes from American business included many notables yet with a the great manufacturer in a crowded one of its most useful and worthy penchant for singling out obscure railroad station as "a tall man sure citizens. While Mr. McCormick in­ persons upon whom to bestow favors, to be helping someone." herited and acquired great wealth, he was a towering industrial figure The executive head of the world's he generously spent much of it. He for nearly half a century. Wherever largest plant for the production of was once described as "going about grain is grown, his has been a name farm machinery and actively identi­ doing good. " to command respect. fied with many other great com­ Mr. McCormick's father, Cyrus mercial concerns, he always found Hall McCormick, to a large extent OAKLAND (CALIF.) TRIBUNE time to be interested in others. eliminated drudgery from the farm The death a few days ago in by inventing the reaper. It revolu­ Illinois of Cyrus H. McCormick, NEW YORK AMERICAN tionized farming. The son developed HarvesterCompany magnate, recalled PRINCETON MOURNS the largest farm implements manu­ in Pacific Grove one of the most McCORMICK, NOTED ALUM­ facturing concern in the world. elaborate weddings ever held in that NUS, TRUSTEE—The flag over Large sums of money were given sea-bound community. Nassau Hall was at half staff today by Cyrus H. McCormick to make It was in the little ivy-covered as Princeton University paid tribute farm research and to better the lot church of St. Mary's Episcopal in to Cyrus Hall McCormick, alumni of the farmers. Pacific Grove that McCormick was trustee and member of the graduate married to Miss Harriet Bradley school committee. JACKSON (MISS.) NEWS Hammond in 1890. On a visit to The retired chairman of the The world lost a great indus­ Del Monte, Miss Hammond, charmed International Harvester Company trialist in the passing of Cyrus H. by the beauty and simplicity of the was one of the university's most dis­ McCormick, 77, of International little church, persuaded her family tinguished graduates. He was a mem­ Harvester fame. to abandon plans for a fashionable ber of the class of 1879 ^'^'^ served on The name of McCormick will wedding in Chicago. the board of trustees since 1899. ever be indissolubly associated with A special train brought a party President Dodds, of Princeton, said the development of the great West. of 40 relatives from Chicago for the tonight: His father invented the reaper, mak­ wedding which was the most elab­ "Despite exacting business re­ ing possible the cultivation of larger orate marriage ceremony ever per­ sponsibilities, he was never too busy wheat fields. formed in the little church. Six years to heed a call from Princeton when Mr. McCormick was noted for after the wedding, the McCormicks she needed his help and his advice. his princely gifts to worthy causes. crossed the continent again to pay In the death of Mr. McCormick, the He was a trusted friend and adviser the church a visit. world has lost a man who helped to of the late President Wilson. Born In 1915, Mr. and Mrs. McCor­ revolutionize its agricultural meth­ to affluence, he might have idled his mick and their son visited the church ods; industry has lost a leader in the life away, lolling in the lap of lux­ and left a large donation. Then again development of happier relations be­ ury, but he chose to make himself in 1911, after his wife's death, tween employer and employe; Prince­ useful and worked diligently right McCormick made a visit to the ton has lost a loyal worker, a gen­ up to less than a year ago when church all alone. Later he sent a erous son and a wise counsellor." stricken by the illness that caused picture of Mrs. McCormick, which his death. now hangs in the guild room, and SYRACUSE (N. Y.) POST-STANDARD also funds for repairing the church. HIS MILLIONS AIDED MAN­ UNION CITY (IND.) TIMES McCormick paid his last visit to KIND—He was dynamic, a young In the death of Cvrus H. McCor- 20 HARVESTER WORLD July, 1936 mick, president of the International no transaction deserves success. The had contributed millions of dollars Harvester Company, the Presbyte­ McCormick farm machinery estab­ to benevolent purposes; to educa­ rian church in Chicago lost one of lishment achieved this double pur­ tional institutions; to social service her leading laymen. All his life Mr. pose. Started by Mr. McCormick's organizations; and the church. McCormick was active in the affairs father, it was carried to greater suc­ The contributions of great indus­ of the church, and his especial inter­ cess by the son. Envious eyes no trialists to charity and welfare work est was the seminary which his doubt coveted the millions which the may be discounted by those who do father, Cyrus Hall McCormick, in­ family won from the McCormick not believe great fortunes have a ventor of the reaper, was influential inventions; but millions of farmers rightful place in a world where there in moving from New Albany, Indi­ found their work easier, their profits is so much poverty, but it must be ana, to Chicago, in 1857. This insti­ surer and their toil less onerous on admitted that they have played an tution has been the beneficiary of the account of those inventions. And for important part in the development generosity of the McCormick family such reasons the death of the senior of the country. The perfection of the for many years, and until a few years McCormick of this generation is not harvesting machine by the senior ago it was known by the name an unimportant incident in the affairs McCormick brought the machine age McCormick. of our agricultural sections. to agriculture, and made possible the cultivation of vast areas which would TROY (N. Y.) TIMES-RECORD COHOES (N. Y.) AMERICAN still be undeveloped if methods of a AN AGRICULTURAL BUILD­ Cyrus H. McCormick did more century ago had been depended upon. ER—Cyrus Hall McCormick was an than any other American to make agricultural builder. He was con­ farm life tolerable for boys. OGDENSBURG (N. Y.) ADVANCE-NEWS structive. He preferred to develop HIS MILLIONS AIDED MAN­ farm machinery and so extend his FLINT (MICH.) JOURNAL KIND—McCormick, Deering and activities that the planting, cultivat­ CYRUS HALL McCORMICK, Osborne were the three names most ing, and harvesting of crops could FAMED MANUFACTURER—Cyrus prominent in the agricultural ma­ be carried on for steadily reduced Hall McCormick lived through a chinery industry when Cyrus H. overhead without any sacrifice of span of years which saw the transi­ McCormick entered actively into the quality. tion of the American farm from hand concern formed as the result of his One wonders whether, after all, and horse labor to almost complete father's invention of the reaper. his way of serving the farmer is not mechanization. In this change he was Cyrus the younger had a big hand in the wiser one. The government at himself a potent factor, for he popu­ development of that invention. Washington may talk of marginal larized and improved his father's McCormick will be best remem­ land, of excessive carry-overs and of reaper machine and built the now bered as an industrialist in years to the need of equalizing industry and internationally known firm of Inter­ come by reason of his donations of agriculture. These are reasonable national Harvester. goodly shares of his millions to goals, possibly necessary ones. But The name of McCormick always enterprises for the welfare of his what is the greatest need? To produce will remain indissolubly connected fellow man. He gave handsomely a mechanical way of providing food with the revolution in industry which to the church, to charities, to phi­ for the country without the wasteful completely altered the world's lanthropies. The Presbyterian The­ processes which once caused farming method of harvesting crops. ological seminary in Chicago owes to be a precarious calling. It always was said of Cyrus its existence to his generosity. The McCormick family sought McCormick that he was a kindly, to do this. It was able to serve the humane, helpful man. Even when he WINNIPEG (MANITOBA, CANADA) producer without losing the normal was the busiest, he found pleasure FREE PRESS. BY WALTER T. HART selfish opportunity of amassing sub­ in his interest in other people. TRIBUTE TO THE MEMORY stantial fortunes out of its labors. Honors were heaped upon him, natu­ OF CYRUS H. McCORMICK-Cyrus The McCormicks made a great deal rally—foreign decorations and dis­ H. McCormick, president of the of money. But it made nothing like tinctions from his fellow countrymen. International Harvester Company, the sums it enabled others to make. Cyrus McCormick was a creator was one of the big businessmen of In the interrelations of business one and developer whose life greatly en­ the United States and known here sees every manufacturer, distributor riched the world. and in many other countries because and retailer conscious of his own of the ramifications of that great advantage but not unconscious of his KALISPELL (MONT.) INTER-LAKE corporation. part in the process of building up INDUSTRIALISTS HAVE It was my good fortune to be­ the country at the same time. Unless PLAYED IMPORTANT PART—It come acquainted wth Mr. McCor­ both seller and buyer reap a benefit is said that during his lifetime he mick in 1887, shortly after his gradu- HARVESTER WORLD 21

ation from Princeton university, and seized with the same desire to that it has not been equalled by any about the time he entered his father's make the work, in equipment and other individual since in any similar business. He had already become one outlook, equal to anything then pos­ campaign. of Chicago's leading citizens, with sible. John V. Farwell, son of the His first wife died several years unmistakable evidence of the zeal Christian dry goods merchant of ago and today there stands as a gift and enthusiasm for the city's welfare Moody's day, and James L. Hough- from him in her memory the Harriet that characterized him throughout teling made up this interesting and Hammond McCormick Memorial his long life. Due in part to the con­ aggressive trio, which brought new Young Women's Christian associa­ tact his college days had given him life and vigor into the movement. tion, a wonderfully fine home for with the Young Men's Christian These three men, then young in that worthy organization. He called association, and perhaps because of years, became the strongest factor in it in a letter I received from him in his interest in young men of his own the subsequent development of the January, 1935, "A happy home for city, he threw himself into the work Chicago Young Men's Christian asso­ the ladies who are there as resident of that association, became one of ciation. Mr. McCormick was easily or transient guests." It is located its managers and a friend of out­ the leader. His interest never lagged, near the McCormick homestead on standing importance for the rest of his gifts became almost without the north side of Chicago. his life. The family were staunch number. Every advance found him Mr. McCormick was a fine supporters of the Fourth Presby­ ready with time and money. The friend, considerate, generous, busi­ terian church, located not many needs of the hour were laid before nesslike, and just. He lived a simple blocks from the McCormick home, his friends, until they, too, became but thoroughly good life. He never and it is not surprising that there, the association's ardent supporters. paraded his religion but he never was too, he was soon looked upon as one He was largely responsible for bring­ without its support. He was always who would become one of its pillars. ing L. Wilbur Messer from the East aggressive, enthusiastic, but never His interest in young men and to take charge of the work in 1888, overbearing in his attitude towards their problems made the Young and it is said that he and his two others. He was friendly to all well- Men's Christian association the one associates at that time pledged their meaning men and ready to help the institution to which he felt espe­ lifelong support to him, a promise discouraged and depressed. His cially drawn, and with his actual kept unbroken by all three. wealth and position never removed participation in its work his sym­ When the new central building of him from those less fortunately situ­ pathies broadened until he became theChicago association was projected ated and I fancy none ever felt uneasy a member of its international com­ in 1890, it required an investment of in his presence. He was a splendid mittee and identified with its world­ over $1,100,000, of which $400,000 representative of the good man who wide programme of Christianizing had to be from subscriptions. Mr. feels an opportunity on his con­ the young men of every land. McCormick, unaided, secured 98 in­ science to make this world a more His most conspicuous service to dividual subscriptions of $1,000 each, comfortable place for the human race, the movement was in his own city. besides many of smaller amounts and more like what God must have in­ With him were two other young not a few larger ones. It must be tended it to be. I voice my profound men of his own age, already occupy­ remembered that 50 years ago men sorrow that his useful life here has ing important places in the business did not give as they have in later come to an end but my great joy that and religious life of the city, both years, and the accomplishment of he left so much that will endure while identified with the association work Mr. McCormick was so outstanding time continues to measure our days. • iiH»rn»"t Cprug ^. iWcCormicfe

(Extracts From his Addresses and Writings,- Poems; Photographs.)

His broad approach to life is reflected in many addresses and articles, and occasional verses, which Mr. McCormick wrote during a long career devoted to business, to outside activities of a semi- public nature, and to literary and musical interests.

He was business leader, citizen, philosopher, humanitarian, hygienist, nature lover, philanthropist, churchman, composer, poet, humorist, traveler—phases of his life which the pictures and excerpts from his addresses and writings on the following pages suggest. 1877 On witnessing the field trial of a McCormick wire binder near Liverpool, England. While on a trip to Scotland, Mr, McCormick reports the situation and other interesting matters to his father. He had just finished high school and was 18 years old. Liverpool, July 13,1877. "I" means International, with all Dear Papa: I arrived here yesterday morning. Went immediately out to its business, its finances, its missionary the fair. There I found Newell and a Mr. Atwood who represents Rush F. Mason who work in far countries, and its material could not come. I just learned that Mr. Rush Mason had died suddenly about a week ago. The situation of affairs here is this. The binder is set up in the fair grounds and is success. We are interested in promot­ being worked all the time. It works very well indeed. The only power to be had is ing the welfare of the International; manual; so a crank is placed on the pitman wheel, a man turns it. Newell wanted some otherwise none of us would be stock­ nippers to cut the wire from the bundle and retain the wire in its grasp. So I telegraphed holders or employes. Often have we "D New York #C Wire retaining nippers McCormick." I supposed if you were at repeated that our Company stands for New York you would get it, and if not Mr. Day (to whom Newell said "D" referred) would forward it immediately. The farmers here make great objection to the wire the policy of fair dealing; for good passing through the thresher with the grain—hence the nippers are wanted. Newell business methods; for the desire to also wants a new drive wheel for the binder, which I am having made. The present obey the law; for a liberal attitude one causes the bundles to drop off at every ten feet, and he thinks it better to make them toward our competitors—therefore it drop off every 7 ft. 10 in. The grain is so heavy the binder don't work quick enough seems hardly necessary to refer at to handle it. You have had a wrong idea about the trial. It will not come off till harvest time, that is about the 5th or 10th of August. No exact time given for it. Ten days' length to these ideals. They have been notice will be given. Newell don't think any prizes will be given till next year's fair laid down by the directors, but I because the English makers have not their binders ready. They bind with cord. Wood would like to impress upon you that and Gordon binders here. Both work well on the ground. Public sentiment favors when you have business dealings with ours. There are 3 judges. One of them is sure for us. He has been through the works. the people of this city, or this country, One rather for Osborne and the other Newell thinks favors us. About the model, outside of our organization, at that neither Newell or I know just how it is to be got into the Berlin patent office. He says you told him to take it to R. Mason and he knew all about it. He got patent, etc. moment you become the representa­ Now Mason has died and we know nothing about it. I go tonight to London and tive of our corporate family and who­ shall see Mason's son and learn all I can of it and let Newell know. If Mason's son ever deals with you judges us, not by knows nothing of it, then nobody else does and we shall have to consider what is best what we say from the directors' room, to do. I believe you sent machines to McDonald & Co. Hamburg. I enclose his letter or the officers' room, but by what we to you in which he declines to take charge of them. It may be best for Newell to go there to sell them. I think this is going to be a great field. A man from New Zealand do and by what you do. partially agreed to buy 50 Wood machines. He saw ours. Newell explained it. Your attitude, your bearing, your The order has already gone to the works for 50 binders for him at New Zealand. He courtesy or lack of courtesy, your makes stipulation that man be sent to instruct in putting them up and working. Another New Zealander here. We shall try and talk him into another 50. Wood is laying earnestness, your energy, your sin­ himself out here. Has agents all over Europe and is now introducing his binder every­ cerity, all these are reflected upon the where. Machine will be shipped within 10 days to a Scotchman at Ayr who has paid Company, and we stand or fall in the £60 for it. Newell goes to start it and show him how to work it. The general impres­ public estimation as you stand or fall sion here seems to be that this year is the beginning of a new era in gathering grain. on these propositions. The officers of Everybody wants to see all the binders and have them explained. If we can get all the machines here well placed in the hands of good farmers it will be a foundation foropera- a company may make policies and may tions next year. Prof. Patton and Mr. Wharton go on the continental tour. Also Dr. lead, but on the carrying out of these Plumer. Mr. Burgess has a reaper and mower and binder(which by the way he hasn't made details in everyday life depends how yet, but has already entered for trial!) of his own, and consequently takes no interest the community accepts our statements in our machines whatsoever. Much love to all at home, in great haste. Your dutiful son •—whether they are taken at full value, Cyrus or whether they are discounted. Here the value of our hard work comes in. This is the part that requires patience

1B13—On International Harvester Company Ideals. At the Annual Har­ vester Club Dinner. December 4, 1913.

Before the Harvester Company was pany may move together, shoulder to organized, the managers and owners of shoulder, step with step, and pointing the former companies knew a large to the same objects and the same ideals. number of their men personally, but * * * today the evolution of business renders As I am to speak of IHC ideals, I this almost an impossibility; so ir re­ naturally think of what those letters quires a meeting of this kind to enable stand for. Let us assume that they all the different elements of the busi­ stand for three things—the promotion ness to meet on common ground and of the International, the promotion of get better acquainted with each other Health, the promotion of the Com­ so that all the members of the Com- munity. In his 'Teens 24 HARVESTER WORLD 25 and pluck. Many of us, at times, have to do overtime work, and night work, and under severe conditions, in order to fulfill our trust. We get discouraged and the road seems long and monoto­ nous. Under such conditions, we can­ not make clear plans of work for the future. Our enthusiasm is at the low point. When we are delving in the valley we do not see the perspective of our work. Our inspiration comes when we are at the top of the hill and our vision is broad. I visited last summer the Company's organization in Europe. Autumn, 1902. Mr. McCormick (back row, fifth from left) on an inspection trip to Deering's Steel plant (now Wisconsin Steel works) "about the time," a memo from him (dated March 16^ 1926) attached to the photograph states, "of the formation of the International Harvester Company.'

we must keep our feet on the earth! assure you that I got more out of the time I gave in service on the jury than "H" is for Health. It is our duty to the city got from my serving. It is not keep ourselves in as good health as right for us to shirk this responsi­ possible. By so doing we accomplish bility. We need intelligent juries, but more for the Company. A clean and we cannot hope to get them if our best healthy mind is as important as a citizens try to be excused. Every Inter­ clean and healthy body. A sick man national man who is called should may be able to do unusual things, but serve. There are times when it is ex­ as a general rule he does not. In these ceedingly inconvenient, when two or days of wide knowledge, ignorance on three men from the same department the subject of health is no excuse. The are called at the same time. I believe, practical value of attention to health however, that under such circum­ requirements is shown in the mag­ stances the court will set the date of nificent work of the doctors and trained nurses who are a part of our organiza­ tion and who are spreading the gospel of health, not only to all of our oper­ atives, but to the homes where they live. In 1880 (circa) * * * (At end of Princeton and beginning of Harvester periods) "C" stands for Community:—the promotion of the interests of the com­ It is natural that I should be thinking munity. Under this heading come our of the great success we are meeting civic duties—the duty a man owes to with across the water. In all the far the community in which he lives. We corners of the earth we are pushing are liable to take our responsibilities forward and upward the standards of along this line too lightly. We criti­ the IHC. Our results in foreign cise public officers and then we fail in countries are quite equal to—if not our duty of selecting the right man better than—the results now obtained for public office. We may neglect to at home. But while our minds are vote at the primaries. We may absent filled with the glorious pictures of ourselves at the elections. But more foreign successes, we must not forget difficult than either of these duties as the necessary economies and the de­ citizens is that of jury service. This tails of the home business which make was brought home to me forcibly two for a real, a complete success. Even weeks ago when I was called for jury though our faces are toward the stars service in the Municipal Courts. I In 1887 H^' 'UVJ.:-' xim

May 10, 1905. Mr. McCormick (indicated by single arrow) at luncheon in Chicago in honor of Theodore Roosevel t (indicated by double arrow). service for a reasonable rime. If we to be judged by what we say, but by ought to be looked upon as about as are strict in remembering our duty to what we do and by what we think, important as anything we have in the our community, we will not be likely for the thought and the plan always whole realm of our corporation. * * * to fail in our patriotism for our precede the action. I cannot better Now, of course, as trustees we have country. close than to recall to your minds these to remember that we are trustees for During the past year our Company inspiring lines by Bailey in his poem the whole Company. The Company is has been in the limelight. Our deeds "Festus": represented by all of the departments have been under close scrutiny. Effort "We live in deeds not years, in in this building. It is not that we are has been made to show that our ideals thoughts not breaths. trying to get as much money out of were unworthy, but I am glad to In feelings not in figures on a dial; the Company and into the hands of assure you that we have done nothing We should count time in heart the members as possible, nor is it that of which we need be ashamed. Our throbs. He most lives we are trying to keep as much money record is before the public, and on Who thinks most, feels the no­ out of the hands of the members as that record we stand. We do not ask blest, acts the best." possible. What we are trying to do, and the spirit of the organization that IBIT—Three '^M's." In an Address to a Group of Harvester Branch Managers. puts this into being, is to be as fair as January 17, 1917. we know how, tempered by liberality. There are three important things who stand together as brothers in a And if we look upon our trusteeship that we make in this business and great cause. We are making men who in that form, as we talked over last they all begin with the letter "M." are proud to work together and who year when the first meeting of this We make machines, the best machines stand together through good season Association came to pass, I am sure from the best materials we can get, and bad season—in high positions and we would all get a great deal of satis­ the best machines we know how to in low positions, all working for a faction out of the operation of this make, the best machines that brains common cause, and the fact that we part of it. And I, for one, as President can design, that you men can take and can work together for a common of the Company, haven't anything distribute to our customers. We also cause for this Company is more under my jurisdiction that I take more make money. Money is the measure important and inspiring, and makes of what we are doing successfully. us work more enthusiastically, than We do not want too much of it—we anything else, and I hope when you can't get too much of it, but we need think of the objects of this Company a reasonable amount of it. If we did you will never lose sight of the fact not make the money our business that we make men. I think the men would not be a success, but greater in this room typify and represent the than the money is the fact that we men of our organization all over the are making men. We are making men world.

IBIO—On the Value of the Harvester Company's Employes' Benefit Associa­ tion. At a Meeting of Its Trustees. January 27, 1910. I would like to suggest to you that we are trying to prove to the world there is no more important work that that the International Harvester Com­ is done in this building by any one of pany is not a corporation without a the managers of this organization than soul, but that it is a corporation that the work that you gentlemen are has a feeling for its associates, the doing here in this Benefit Association, men that are doing the work. There­ because it is the very work by which fore I think that everything you do 26 In 1891 (circa) 18 80 Eight Twine Binders were made follow­ ing the first three referred to in the letter at the bottom of this page and will be short enough to do the busi­ were sent to the Northwest. Chicago, July 28, 1880. ness, at the same time I am glad to emphasize that, and I am glad to Baker and I in the field yesterday. emphasize whatever Mr. Funk, the Storle machine did good work general manager, said. I was not here though broke soon. Curtis in the to hear what he said, but I know that field. Did not do good work at to every word he said I would be glad first, and we left before time for to say Amen. But on that particular further trial. Eight machines ready feature I feel very strongly, that we tomorrow night for Minnesota. must regard ourselves as trustees for Think I better follow them week all of the stockholders and all of the or so before going East. A great employes and all of the heads of the deal depends on the working of business and all of the managers, so these eight machines. Your De­ that it is a rule that works both ways. voted Son. We are to be as fair as we know how. Therefore we cannot think of one section of this business entirely as at the expense of another. I believe in keen satisfaction in than this Benefit majority rule, and I believe that what­ Association. It is a matter of interest, ever you gentlemen agree by a major­ and the principal thing of interest that ity will be the best thing to be done. can come before the stockholders or As I say, I am glad to see the new In 1898 (circa) owners of the Company. faces here, and I would like to have While we do not want to take the the pleasure of becoming acquainted We met a man driving an empty time of you gentlemen here today, as with every man that comes here as the wagon slowly up hill, and harnessed you are all absorbed in interesting representative of all the works, be­ before it were two cows. The harness things, and I judge that your hours cause it concerns all classes of work. was ingenious and comfortable, dis­ tributing the pressure between their 188T—On his Observations at Bad Hamburg, Germany. In his capacity as shoulders and horns. I elicited the fact Correspondent of The Interior, Weekly Netvspaper of the Presbyterian De­ that the people rarely drive oxen to nomination, published at Chicago, Illinois. July 24, 1887. wagons, using cows almost entirely. Bad Homburg, Germany, July 14: ologists as a very important ruin. I told him this was not the custom in This is certainly one of the loveliest Looking down from the eminence of my country, and on learning that I places at which to spend two or three this ruin (Saalburg), we saw Homburg came from America, he told me he had weeks of the summer. The town is in in the distance, its red-tiled roofs relations in Ohio and California, but the center of a broad plain, rich with nestling close together and forming a did not expect ever to get there him­ ripening grains, and partly covered by quaint contrast to the patches of gold­ self, as he had settled down to farming. dense forests. On three sides ranges of en wheat and green fields and darker We met several men with small carts picturesque mountains rise just high green forests, all of which blended to drawn by dogs, and found that this enough to tempt the ordinary mortal make a charming landscape. * * * also is quite the custom, and that dogs to ascend them—the Taunus range— to which many finely built carriage roads lead. The roads are certainly a striking feature of the country. They 18 80 are of macadam composition, but quite On witnessing the operation of one of the first three experimental twine binders to be built by the McCormick Company. A letter written at Centralia, Illinois, to his father. hard and firm, rather narrow, and June 16, 1880. extending always as far as possible in This morning I went with Mr. Andrews our agent to see the Wood and Marsh twine a straight line. * * * binders at work. We came by a charming road to the I think the Marsh does the best work, and seems to be a pretty good machine. Both the old Roman Castellum, which was built other machines are making tighter bundles than we, though some trouble is being had in the time not long after the Caesars. with them. We are binding tighter this morning than yesterday, owing to a change The foundations still exist in a good Storle made in the platform, deepening the place for the butts. I think it has proved quite state of preservation. Over two hun­ important that I came here and stayed over last night. Withington will be here tomorrow dred old Roman coins have been found morning. I wrote yesterday about the working of the binder. The machine now shows, I think, that it WILL be a practical working success, though I am in some doubt whether among the ruins, and vases of different WE cannot do better by adopting an entirely different form. But these considerations will descriptions. It is considered by archae­ come later. Your devoted son, 27 28

July, 1917. Group the Countess of Walmesbury, and aboard the train in Russia—some members many others. of the United States * * * At 7 in the morning the walks Diplomatic Mission, M r. McCo r m i c k, in these beautiful grounds are filled standing, right, and with people going to the spring for Elihu Root, chairman, seated, center. the morning tipple, and by 8 the whole broad avenue in the park, between four rows of horse chestnut and other trees, is filled with bright-looking people, who walk up and down for are classed with the beasts of burden, before. * * * half an hour to an hour before break­ and not kept for ornaments and bark­ The military station here gives fast. Elderly gentlemen, with natty ing at strangers. In fact, we found abundant opportunity for contrasting suits and a flower in their button these draft dogs far too sedate to "bits of color," as the officers walk to hole, discuss the news over their inno­ pay any attention to calling or whist­ and fro in their vivid uniforms of dark cent bumpers, and stout ladies with ling, but they lay down in pairs, blue and scarlet. They seem to have curls protruding from beneath their harnessed like horses to small wagons, plenty of time off duty to enjoy the bonnets and an astonishing extent of and panting with dignity like a hard­ society of the American and English waist-band, make wry faces at the working horse, waiting only for the ladies, who are here in numbers. * * * "nasty stuff," which they take in return of their master to resume the Every one promenades, and here at small, bird-like sips, pausing between load. No playing with small boys, or least, all meet on one democratic level; each sip to recover from the effects pricking up ears when another dog for to the eye of the spectator there of the last one, and gazing meanwhile came by. They regarded all passing seems to be no distinction between uneasily away from the direction of things in silence, seeming to feel that those who have titles and those who their hand which holds the "medi­ their vocation was an earnest and have none. * * * As a rule, the less cine." This "terrible water," by the honest one. conspicuous looking the individual the way, I braced myself up to taste, after Here the Kurhaus is the magnet higher his or her title. Notably is this watching the "modus bibendi" of a which seems to have and hold all the the case with the Duke of Buccleuch, dowager next me, already alluded to, interests of this pretty place. In the one of the five men who own the fifth and found it to be about as difficult to morning children play in the grounds of Scotland; also of Bulwer Lytton, swallow as a glass of weak Congress and a few ladies stroll about, but in the afternoon, at half past three, little knots of people can be seen coming from different parts of the town to the Kurhaus, and the band begins the afternoon program. * * * It is quite the thing here for ladies to carry long canes which they hold a few inches below the handle and use as staves— an old custom but one I never saw

July,1917. (Lelt,above)Mr.McCormick(left) with Major General Hugh L. Scott in Russia, members of the UnitedStatesDiplomatic Mission. ly 21, 1917. (Left) Mr. McCormick ng camera) at Vladivostok about Summer, 1917. (Right, above) Mr. McCor­ il for home with the United States mick (right) somewhere in Russia with Admiral iai Diplomatic Mission, conferring Glennon, both as members of the United States Harvester men. Special Diplomatic Mission to Russia. 1^ ^,

July, 1917. The United States Special Diplomatic Mission to Russia, Mr. McCormick, seated, first at left,- Elihu Root, chairman. seated, fifth from left. Photograph taken in Petrograd. water or strong Apollinaris, yet it and just aching to have some clever walls. Will it not stir him to remem­ took five minutes for one lady to boys wheel up and down over them ber, as he goes forth from this school, secure her glassful, and a gentleman without any extra charge. I could the many others who are to follow under my observation had to wrestle just fancy myself taking nice headers him in these classes, with his glass alone (and as he sup­ all around this country and the only "And, departing, leave behind him posed unobserved) in a corner, nerv­ thing necessary to make the historic Footprints on the sands of time,"^ ing himself for the repeated attacks, scenery of the Rhine, with its vine- footprints which will show the path­ by glances at his last week's news­ clad hills and its fabled castles, sug­ way hither to some worthy successor? paper, which he held firmly in the gesting endless tales of former wars * * * * other hand. and romances, simply perfection, This occasion naturally suggests the * * * * would be a few dextrous bicyclists deep interest which my honored father Let me, in closing, add a word for judiciously distributed along the route, took in every plan for the benefit of young cyclists. This is a great bicycle whirling the poetic wheel beneath this Seminary. He carried its interests country! That is, the possibilities of the shadows of Drachenfels or the uppermost in his heart, and he had an the use of that machine are endless beetling crags of Ehrenbreitstein. Let abiding faith that the time would here. The roads are fine, smooth, hard. the boys prepare! soon come when the heart of the Presbyterian Church would be awak­ IflBO—On the Presentation of the Virginia Library to the McCormick Theological ened to its vital interests, and ade­ Seminary (now the Presbyterian Theological Seminary). May 6, 1896. quate means would be provided with In the world of nature we find that research here afforded. * * * which to care for and teach all the by transplanting and engrafting re­ A beautiful library should be an worthy men who come knocking at sults are secured which produce a inspiration to every student. It repre­ our doors for education for the minis­ hardier plant, a more productive fruit, sents the higher aspirations of the try. Would that he might have been a flower of greater beauty. By this heart to seek the true and the good. permitted to join with us tonight in principle the skillful botanist im­ May the spirit of her who planned this ceremony! proves the vitality of his trees and and built it stimulate the heart of Mr. President of the Board of Di­ plants, and secures to the world more every man who studies within its rectors, it only remains for me, on perfect effects of fragrance, form, and color. We are met together this evening to complete a transplanting which has been in progress for two years, where the fertile brain and skillful hand of the architect have sought to graft May 4, 1917. Mr. upon the sturdy stem of an American McCormick (extreme school of religious teaching one of the left)was a member of Chicago's reception flowers of classic architecture. Archi­ committee to receive tect and artisan have completed their (lefttoright)M. Rene Viviani, minister of work, and tonight we see in this edi­ justice, France, Mar­ fice the realization of many hopes and shal Joffre, and other members of the prayers for the facilities of study and French commission. 29 HARVESTER WORLD July, 1936

innO—Ore the Value of the Y. M. C. A. An address delivered in 1899.

I am glad to give you some facts train and develop the strong men of which have come under my observa­ the future, on whom the foundations tion during my connection with the of our government rest, as to care for Young Men's Christian Association. the poor, the sick, and the suffering? The time was when this Association While not forgetting the weaker ones, was not known to be a success; when do we not find a stimulus and grateful its work for young men was not under­ satisfaction in the investment of our stood; and when it was perhaps asso­ efforts in the living hearts and minds ciated in the minds of business men of strong, active young men? with the numerous charities which The work of the Association is appeal for their support to those who formative and preventive. In its gym­ are benevolently inclined. It was nasium it teaches the youth the proper looked upon as an institution which hygiene and exercise necessary to keep was essentially a charity, and not his body in good physical condition. much in detail was generally known By its evening classes it teaches him as to just how its charity was applied. the studies in which he is deficient But that condition does not now exist. With its library it invites him to an The Associations throughout the coun­ acquaintance with the best literature try have developed a noble work for of the past and present. With its young men and they have demon­ religious influence, broad and unde­ strated their value to every community. nominational, it instills into the fiber There are two classes of beneficent of his nature the principles of Chris­ tianity and the brotherhood of man. In 1902 institutions: One feeds the hungry and brings succor to those who are in In its social features it offers him the behalf of and by the direction of my physical and mental distress. To do hand of welcome and furnishes him mother, to hand you, as representing this hospitals and asylums are built with the comradeship which every the governing body of this institution, and societies of relief and aid are es­ young man will find, either under the keys of this building. It is com­ tablished. But another form of benevo­ good or bad surroundings. All these plete and ready for the reception and lence, to my mind, is as important to influences are of direct value, not only study of the books of this Seminary, the community as the one just men­ to the young man himself, but to his and is the gift of my mother to the tioned. It is the creation of an at­ employers. When you business men McCormick Theological Seminary of mosphere for our young men, which know where your employe spends his the Presbyterian Church, to be held shall promote their healthy moral evenings, and what are his personal by this Seminary, in trust, for the growth and develop and strengthen habits, you know whether you can purpose of theological training accord­ their character. This is the work repose in him the confidence which is ing to the standards of our Church. which is undertaken by the Young necessary before he can rise to a posi­ Men's Christian Association, and who tion of any importance in your busi­ can say that it is not as important to ness. If his step is strong, and his mind is clear, he can serve your inter­ ests better and more intelligently than if he spent his leisure in the ordinary round of social pleasures or allowed SHORTLY after Mr. McCormick's address at the dedication of McCormick Hall at the McCormick Theological Semiiuxry, now the Presbyterian Theological Seminary, himself to be drawn into temptations in 1884, the editor of The Interior, prominent weekly newspaper of the Presbyterian denotni- of various kinds. Therefore, I suggest nation, wrote this letter to Mr, McCormick's mother on November 4, 1884: that the work of this Association has "The presentation and dedication were finer than you can imagine—so beautiful, and a practical, we might say, a com­ indeed so grand, so harmonious and impressive. I wish though that you could have mercial value to business men, even witnessed and heard the manly, simple and unassuming address of Cyrus. It was a digni­ though they be not moved by it to fied, delicate and tender address, and I looked at him as he delivered it with profound satisfaction. You need have no solicitude about him. When we were out in the woods any philanthropic impulse. together, I had my first opportunity to obtain a true estimate of him. He is, and will The question has been asked me as remain through life, as he left your moulding maternal hand—pure, true, and strong. May your life be spared to guide the younger sons as you have guided him. His deep to what business men of large experi­ reverence for his father, and his determination to do honor to the name he bears, are ence think of the work of the Young and will remain powerful incentives to him. I hope and I verily believe that the time Men's Christian Association. In reply will come when he will be called for, for the highest stations—be the sought, not the it may be said that I do not know of seeker." 30 18 8 1 On hearing that his father had ivon the first prize for his ticine binder in a four-day trial before the Royal Agricultural Society at Derby, England, Mr* McCormick telegraphed front the Red River Valley to the Chicago ojffice to advertise the award. ^Vo award after 1878 gave the father so much satisfaction or was better calculated to vein attention in the an instance where any man, who ex­ United States. The son ordered it advertised, August 11, 1881, amines impartially the scope and char­ acter of the work, decided against the To E K Butler Chicago 111 wisdom of the plan upon which it is being conducted. Individual opinions Father telegraphs gold medal Derby Johnson silver might be quoted by the score in Telegraph me immediately particulars You & Hanna support of this position. George B. see Chicago papers tonight and have prominent notices Roberts, president of the Pennsylvania Railroad, made in substance the fol­ Telegraph prominent general agents for thorough lowing statement at the ceremony of publication promptly as greatest prize this year laying the cornerstone of the railroad building of the Y.M.C.A. in Phila­ delphia to be used for the Pennsylvania Railroad employes: ' 'During my official connection with system of railways, after the fullest built a building for the railway de­ the Pennsylvania Railroad Company investigation, so heartily approved of partment of the New York Central road I have laid many cornerstones for vari­ the work done by this Association and presented it to the Y. M.C. A. to ous buildings for the use and benefit that he not only installed the work beheld by them in perpetuity and used of the Company which I serve, but I at various points along the railway for the benefit of the employes of the can say without hesitation that I systems of which he is head, but also New York Central Railway Company. never laid the cornerstone of any building for this Company which I innn—On welcoming to Chicago President William McKinley, Sir Wilfred thought would be of more practical Laurier—then Premier of Canada^and Admiral George Dewey. In his Ca­ value to the interests of this Company pacity as President of the Commercial Club. October 10, 1899. than of the building whose corner­ The Commercial Club represents ma­ those represented by the laboring peo­ stone we are now laying." terial interests of the same kind as ple of the country. These interests are * * * * Cornelius Vanderbilt, the head and controlling spirit of the Vanderbilt

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In January, 1903. Portrait by Arthur Ferraris, Vienna, Austria, pupil of Gerome and Lefebre of the Julien School, Paris. 31 32 HARVESTER WORLD located in this central city of our land, we are in constant and intimate rela­ and here are centered in most active tions. With a common ancestry and operation all the causes which go to language our aims and interests are make up the America of the future. closely interwoven and we welcome It is therefore especially pleasant as brothers the able representatives for us to welcome to our Club the from Canada who have accepted our Chief Executive of the American peo­ invitation tonight. We are glad to see ple. In welcoming President McKinley them whether at Washington on busi­ we are glad to pay tribute to his purity ness or at Chicago on pleasure bent, of character and his high motives. We and we earnestly hope that together are glad to help him by any means in we may find a satisfactory solution our power, to guide the great ship of for any vexed question which may State through the difficult situations perplex or disturb either of these pro­ in which we are placed now or in the gressive nations. future, and we feel with him the full Gentlemen: I ask you to join with weight and importance of the duties me in a toast to the Dominion of and responsibilities which devolve Canada and her brilliant Premier, upon our nation. Wilfred Laurier. In July, 1906 It is surely an event of no small im­ * * * * portance when these sister nations By the voice of his cannon he raised the memory of Manila Bay, and proud through their highest representatives a song of liberty which passed from of the man who planned and won the can meet together upon a social oc­ nation to nation till its swelling victory. Words fail me at such a casion of this nature, and from just anthem reverberated throughout the moment. You know the issue. You such national reunions as this may entire world! Not the United States know the man. He is with us tonight come, we fervently trust, a fraternity alone, but all who hail the day when and each of us can press his hand in of feeling, a sympathy of thought and the shackles of oppression are broken personal acknowledgment of his cour­ expression; a point of view upon all and tyranny is banished, are proud of age and his success. questions of mutual interest, high above sordid ambitions or petty jeal­ 1009—On Fame's Virtue. At the Unveiling of a Portrait of Cyrus Hall ousies, which shall make it easy for McCormick in Farmers' Hall of Fame, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. December 15, 1909. us, in friendly council, to settle all apparent difficulties without friction, Fame is a far-off flower which has of your choice of him to head your and which shall enable us to keep little to do with the root of achieve­ roll of honor. If that may mean to abreast of each other in all steps of ment till that root has long since others help in treading, each his diffi­ true progress. reached its growth, and some distant cult path of struggle bravely, that Gentlemen of the Commercial Club, beam of light opens to form and color would be his highest wish. it is with the profound sense of the the inner life. And we who fall heir to this honor honor we have received tonight that My father's years of labor and pur­ through his doing wish to thank you I ask you to stand and drink a toast pose are meeting today a culmination in his name. to our guest, our friend, and our leader, William McKinley, the Presi­ 1910^0re Cooperation. At the Annual Meeting of the Harvester Company's dent of the United States. Advisory Board of Welfare, Predecessor of the Industrial Relations Depart­ ment. Harvester World, December, 1910. * * * * Chicago stands at the head of the It is a happy event that the first of time, energy, and money in this greatest system of inland waterways appearance of the ladies with us comes department are immediate and inspir­ in the world, and their channel sepa­ on this occasion when the work of the ing. We are proud of what we have rates us but nominally from our sister welfare department is being consid­ already accomplished, and are anxious nation of the north with whose people ered. The returns from our investment to push on to secure still better results. I am glad that in this company we have our ideals in business, and try to follow them in a practical way. Ours is not a one-sided enterprise, conducted solely to produce profits to stock-

July, 1918. Mr. McCormick (seventh from left) at the Harvester farm, Hinsdale, Illinois, to witness harvesting machines in action. holders, but it is a co-operative insti­ tution, where those who work are to gain a measure of the returns which come from the success of the business. In executing this trust, we will not ask any subordinate to do anything which those in the management would be ashamed to do themselves; and on July, 1921. Mr. McCormick (eleventh from left) visiting the staff of Croix works, Lille, France, the other hand, no one, even in the with S. G. McAllister (ninth). humblest position, should do any­ thing that would bring discredit upon could not ask his wife and daughters strong and sound, and in its applica­ the general business. When this policy to make such a sacrifice; but his wife tion we have nothing to fear. Ours is is fully understood, we shall have took the responsibility without hesi­ a business beset with difficulties on mutual confidence in each other from tation, saying: "Wherever it is for every hand, yet there is little doubt the highest to the lowest positions. the interest of the company that we that by united effort we can overcome The spirit of the company must be one should go, there we will go." our obstacles and continue the business of co-operation, where all unite in Ex-President Wilson of Princeton on its present firm foundation of success. working for the common good. This University, now governor-elect of May I remind you that we are en­ makes every individual, no matter New Jersey, says: "Business is the gaged in one of the greatest move­ how small his work, an effective con­ economic service of society for private ments of modern times—so to conduct tributor to the general success. As an profit;" and his opinion is that one a great business which is transacted illustration of how great a service a should not condemn a business be­ in many parts of the world that it will woman can render, I note with pleas­ cause it is big. Rather should we be guided by the highest ideals, and ure the presence with us tonight of the judge every business, whether it is by the sentiments of liberality, fair- wife of one of our lieutenants in the large or small, by its conduct, just as dealing, and honor which move indi­ foreign field. When the company pro­ every man is judged, and then punish­ viduals who control smaller affairs. posed to send him to a distant post in ment should be meted out wherever This is an inspiring objective, and Siberia, he hesitated, feeling that he the wrong is found. This doctrine is worthy of our greatest efforts.

IBIB—On What 71 Years in Business Have Taught Us. As Published in Four Installments in System Magazine. September, October, November, and December, 1916, Issues.

Business is, in one sense, a proces­ essential in the growth and progress altogether improbable that the ends it sion of problems. Big or little, any that bring success. has achieved could have been reached business must keep moving ahead, Necessarily there are basic prob­ in any other way. finding its way past one pitfall and lems common to most businesses; so, Two prime causes and needs obstacle after another. In another too, there are close parallelisms in combined to bring about in 190L the sense, business is a matter of vision. opportunity and realization. * * * amalgamation of five companies man­ The foresight that looks long ahead How "A Short Cut of Industrial ufacturing harvesting machinery and to new opportunity and to the way Evolution" Was Made Possible. subsequently the creation or acquisi­ and the means of realizing it is an The HarvesterCompany is, I believe, tion of the other elements that com­ a remarkable example of assisted and pose the Harvester Company. One was directed commercial development—a the necessity of a greater resource of short cut of industrial evolution. It is money, plants and men than any of these companies had, or could have had alone, in order to realize the vast opportunities of foreign trade: the other was the necessity of putting the industry upon a sounder economic basis for the purposes of domestic August, 1916. Mr. McCormick (left) and trade. the late Joseph D. For ten years or more some of the Oliver, of the imple­ ment company bearing constituent companies had, in a greater his name, at the Fremont or less degree, appreciated the possi­ (Nebraska) national tractor demonstration. bilities of foreign trade in their prod- 33 34 HARVESTER WORLD July, 1936 ucts and had been trying separately to needs of his territory and develop the alone. Foreign manufacturers were realize upon them. In spite of the type of machines to fit them—the light quick to see their own possibilities differentials of freight and import mower, for example, to be drawn by and to reach out for them. As they duties favoring local manufacturers, cows in South Germany and Switzer­ were legally free to do, they imitated they had built up a trade abroad that land, or the right-hand machines, American machines, even using the was indicative of what could be done drawn by oxen and buffaloes, that names that we had begun to make with more capital and better methods. would permit the driver to keep his familiar in their territories. With the The foreign sales of the McCormick accustomed place on the left-hand side advantage of the shorter haul to them Company had grown from $1,864,000 without walking in the grain. and the disadvantage of import duties in 1898 to $4,336,000 in 1901; those of Under these conditions our ma­ against us, the foreign manufacturers the Deering Company from $1,400,000 chines were not for the small farmers were in a situation where only superi­ to $3,488,000. who are the backbone of any coun­ or capital and organization and energy But this was only the cream of the try's agriculture. All of us who were could save the important and valuable foreign trade. American machines were in that trade saw that we must have foreign market for America's superior sold chiefly through jobbers; the job­ the money-strength and man-strength machines. ber bought, and so must sell, for cash to sell direct on terms to fit the cir­ Turning back to the domestic trade or on short credit. His interest in the cumstances of the small farmers abroad; situation of 1901, its demand for machine naturally ended with pay­ to teach these farmers, many of them radical readjustment is seen to have ment in full. He could not afford to unlettered men, by personal demon­ been not less urgent than the foreign undertake the educational work of stration in the field, how to use our field's requirements. The greatest diffi­ expert demonstration and instruction machines; to maintain depots of sup­ culty was in the narrowness of manu­ that is requisite to intensive selling of ply for machines and parts so that facturing lines. Of necessity, the selling such machines: he did not maintain deliveries might be prompt and so period of the harvesting machines the adequate supply of repair parts chat our customers might be quickly then produced was restricted to a few necessary to a general and successful provided and expertly served as to the months before the harvest. What was trade. By consequence, outside of repairs they required. needed was the establishment of new England, France and Germany, the We realized that it would take lines that would keep the sales or­ use of American machines was prac­ American-trained men to introduce ganization profitably occupied tically limited to the large estates, American-made machines. throughout the year. with the money to pay for them out­ The Trans-Siberian railroad was And new lines meant new capital in right or on short terms, and with the then just opening up the vast plains a business that had already come to skilled mechanics to direct their oper­ of central Siberia, whose fertility was the boundaries of its credit. The ation and keep them in repair. The of small account while men scratched McCormick Company, for example, jobber could not, nor could any com­ its soil with wooden plows and har­ had increased its borrowings from pany through him, study the special vested its crops by hand with scythe $1,100,000 in 1898 to $11,000,000 in and cradle. It was a glowing vision to 1902.. In 1899, 1900 and 1901 this contemplate what that region would company, the strongest of the con­ become under mechanical husbandry. cerns that were later amalgamated, In 1900 the Paris Exposition, as by had paid no dividends; it had been magic, illuminated the foreign field found necessary during the preceding to the eye of the American maker of four years to re-invest ninety per cent harvesting machines. Some of the com­ of its earnings in the business. For panies set up comprehensive exhibits five years there had been no increase that attracted the attention of visitors in the domestic sales of harvesting from all lands. The interest in the machines and there was none in American machines amounted to an prospect. awakening of the old world with These were the principal conditions respect to modern husbandry: it crys­ that sent the McCormick Company to tallized the desire and determination New York in 1901, seeking capital for of some of us to secure that trade for the development of foreign trade and America. for the establishment of its domestic But the Exposition's illuminating trade on a better economic basis. and stimulating effect was not for us Presumably the other companies were in much the same situation. January, 1922. Mr. McCormick (center) They were among the few survivors with A. E. McKinstry (at his left) and Alexander Legge(at his right)atSpringfield(Ohio) works. of a long era in which the agricultural implement business had made a history strewn with the wrecks of men and fortunes — an era of enormous and rapid expansion, of relentless compe­ tition, and of over-stimulated selling. Their domestic field was over-worked; they were nearing the limit of capital and credit: they had not the means November 15, 1923. In the early days of radio broadcasting. Mr. McCormick gave moral sup­ adequately to exploit the foreign field port to Alexander Legge as he addressed Harvester men ancTdealers over KYW, Chicago. in which the larger future of their industry was disclosed. principles that account in some part Another important principle was Capital was not readily forthcoming for the Company's success and that that of self-sufficingness. The consti­ on the old terms to meet these needs. may be of value to the men of other tuent companies had seen, some more And if it could have been obtained business. clearly than others, that the industry individually by discounting the pros­ It was agreed that the basis of the could not safely go much farther, perity of the future, it could not have enterprise must be sound—that it must especially in view of foreign trade l?een in such sums as effectually to never be called upon to earn a return prospects, without better assurance of solve and settle either of the two on money not legitimately needed in tht quantity, quality and price of the pressing problems; that would have the business. The capitalization, principal raw materials. Some had been mere temporizing, a makeshift. therefore, was made absolutely water­ already moved a little way toward The logical solution of these prob­ less. Of its $12.0,000,000 of stock, that end; others had planned to move. lems was the International Harvester $60,000,000 represented actual cash The McCormick Company had made Company. The very name "Interna­ and $60,000,000 represented the physi­ estimates for a $5,000,000 steel plant, tional" was meant to be and is ex­ cal properties united, with not a with a possible working capital of pressive of its scope and purpose. dollar allowed for any promotion $1,000,000. The requirements proved, Presently there was afforded to the purpose, or for patents, trade-marks in fact, to be much greater. In 1911 business world the unique spectacle of or good will. the Wisconsin Steel Company, the five competitors in one line coming However great that capitalization subsidiary organized to provide raw together for the preservation of their may have seemed at the time, experi­ materials of that kind, employed concerns and of the industry, and for ence soon showed that it was none too $18,500,000 in its operations. the fulfillment of their hopes of a great. The borrowings rose from Besides ownership of iron mines and future that was to count for much in $15,000,000 in 1903 to $66,000,000 in steel mills, the policy of self-sufficing­ the swelling total of American enter­ 1912., and still it was necessary to re­ ness led to the acquisition of coal prise—the spectacle of men inured tain in the business millions of dollars mines, a coking plant, hardwood by lifelong habit to watchfulness, one of the earnings. forests and saw mills. of the other, agreeing to place their Time and management were re­ This course, together with constant fortunes in the hands of one man, and quired, as a matter of course, to shape stimulation of progress toward better he a stranger to them all. the five distinct companies into a sym­ efficiency of method and process, has This was solely and simply a busi­ metrical and effective industrial entity. enabled the Company to carry out ness transaction, not an adventure in About two years were needed to com­ another of its determinations—the finance. Out of the chaos of years it plete the appraisals, and meanwhile determination that the American brought one concern with the means the old organizations of manufacture farmer should continue to buy his and credit and organization that have and sale must be preserved on a basis farm machinery in the world's cheap­ secured for America a large foreign of federation and co-operation: the est market. If you would realize how trade; to develop the new lines of thousands of dealers handling the cheap the typical farm machine is, implements that have at once greatly products must be convinced that the compare the McCormick self-binder advanced the practice of agriculture amalgamation would bring them no with the ordinary cast-iron cookstove and relieved the industry of a profit­ loss; out of the wealth of man-material or steel plow. The cookstove is the less burden of expense; to keep on at the disposal of the new institution product of simple iron-casting and constantly improving its manufactures must be selected by proved fitness the performs a single, passive function. in quality and efficiency; to hold down executives and the men who were to The plow is as simple. The self-binder their price, and to perfect the service pioneer the foreign field for the larger is a complicated mechanism of 3,000 that goes with them. enterprise; time was needed to develop parts, fabricated of the finest steel, In the beginning we set up some the new lines—to acquire the plants seasoned wood, malleable iron and definite principles that have been already in operation that would canvas; it must efficiently perform scrupulously observed ever since— hasten this development. through an indefinite working life 35 36 HARVESTER WORLD July, 1936 and under all sorts of field conditions more clearly now than fourteen years Company was heir to a wealth of three distinct operations—cutting the ago, we see that service is indispen­ man-resource; to it came from each of grain, separating it into gavels, and sable to thatefficiency of our machines the companies men trained and skilled binding them with twine. The cook­ on which our success must chiefly in all angles of the business. Building stove cost 9 cents a pound and the depend. There must be expert demon­ upon this basis by careful original plow lo to 11. cents; while until the stration of the machine, especially in selection and by democratic succession European war the self-binder had been foreign territory where experience in to lieutenancy and leadership on merit selling to the American farmer for mechanical husbandry is slight. Every­ alone, the working force has been thirteen years at 8 cents a pound! where the repair supply and service fashioned into a self-renewing organ­ Some other principles were adopted must be prompt; there must be many ization of fine efficiency, imbued with at the outset as to the Company's depots amply stocked with parts, so a spirit of loyalty and of progress that relations with the public. One was distributed throughout the area served has helped to keep it close-knit in that of implicit obedience to all law. as to reduce delay to a minimum. To purpose and compact in effort in spite "Good law or bad law," the standing this end we now have eighty-seven of its size, the necessary separation order runs, "obey it." That has general agencies in the United States, of some of its production units and proved the way of peace and profit each a Harvester-Company-in-little, the wide diffusion of its distribu­ to us, as it must to any business. through which dealers and their cus­ tive factors. Mindful of the unfair, ruthless and tomers may quickly obtain what they Early in the Company's existence wasteful practices of the implement need of repair parts or service, each a provision was made for more syste­ industry's older days, the Harvester focus for the educational effort that matic and sustained effort than the Company early made for itself a code is a necessary element of sound and original companies had found possible of business ethics. It was not possible scientific selling. Abroad there are one toward bettering the condition of immediately to stamp out the old hundred and sixty-five such agencies employes. The premise was that all spirit of relentless commercial warfare in thirty-eight countries, serving the such welfare work should have as a that had grown up under more primi­ same purposes. foundation good wages, reasonable tive conditions; some men from the * * * hours, adequate plant sanitation and old concerns were slow to recognize In our internal relations, we began due safeguards against occupational and accept the new order of things. with and have followed a plan of accident and disease. Our theory was But the amended code of business laws simple democracy—a merit system, if and is that while all such endeavors and morals was rigorously enforced. you will—believing that thereby we must be fundamentally an expression It was not long before the last, least could best develop and maintain the of the altruistic spirit, they must also employe knew that there was no personal loyalty and zeal of officers have a basis of reciprocal benefit—of surer way to earn summary discharge and employes and foster the individual increased efficiency and deepened at­ than to practice or countenance un­ initiative that do not always and tachment of loyalty and interest on fairness toward a competitor or a naturally go with the larger business customer. unit. The Harvester organization has Yet another principle that marked been likened to that of the typical the passing of the old commercial American railroad, in that it holds 1919 order was expressed in the rule that out to any employe the possibility of An Interviewer's Impression of Cyrus there should be no more over-selling— the highest office. And with us it is H. McCormick as Published in the Country Gentleman of February 8,1919. that no farmer should be over-per­ more than a possibility; there are suaded into buying what he did not executives today who began as office Cyrus H. McCormick is all business. need. This policy resulted in greatly boys with the original companies. It He works, I am sure, quite as long hours and at quite as high pressure as is a democracy admitting promotion reduced domestic sales for the first he expects from the lieutenants that few years; it has, however, proved a on merit and service alone; it develops help him in the command of an indus­ sound and wise rule in our business, and encourages that freedom of inter­ trial army numbering better than forty and probably it would apply with course and frankness of criticism and thousand men and women. equal force to any other business. suggestion between highest and low­ A big-boned, strong-muscled man, Still another determination was not est which the larger business unit with a quick gaze and a mind moving much more swiftly than a stern self- only to keep on improving the quality needs to cultivate. discipline will let his speech reveal; * + * and efficiency of our products, but to a serious man, taking seriously every­ match them in quality and efficiency Besides its material inheritance of thing that he touches, from his head­ of service. The more ample resources resource from the constituent com­ ship of his family and the administra­ tion of a great business to his littlest of capital, plant and organization panies, and their less tangible but engagement; a precise man in bearing have made it possible to attain this vastly valuable resource of trade-mark and speech as in his work, but cour­ end, both at home and abroad. Even and trade reputation, the Harvester teous, genial and considerate withal. ^Bfl.,'" " "; 1 ^^M

HARVESTER WORLD 37

ment, for instance, in the selection of earn his living, delivery is only the site that made Chicago the principal beginning of the relation between ij^^H seat of the agricultural implement buyer and seller. The purchaser looks, industry in America. and has the right to look, to the maker ^^^Hti tf^^^H There were more attractive sites for and seller of the machine for a con­ B^!;':i:-.i.^ a new manufacturing enterprise than tinuing service while the machine is SlS^^BiP Chicago offered when Cyrus H. Mc­ in use—for the prompt furnishing of

'"'• !i • Cormick came up out of Virginia 70 repair parts in case of breakage and years ago. The Chicago of 1846, with wear that will keep the machine ^•'••^'•N.^'.V'V:''.'^';,', running when he needs it; for expert ^^^MBn Til' '. only 15,000 people and with its first (,' - ••. railroad train still a year and more instruction and assistance, ready at away, a swampy village built about all times and in all places to show ^^^^^j'V'"'1 the junction of a crooked sluggish him how it may be most efficiently little river and the lake, eagerly wel­ employed. .••'."1 ^^^H comed the Virginian with his vision. But the Harvester idea of service is '"^^^ In the City Directory for 1847 it was broader and deeper than that. It holds set down as one of the twenty-one that the maker and seller of the agri­ items of building news: cultural machines which are essential In 1917 (Autumn) "Messrs. Gray and McCormick to human existence and progress must have just completed a large brick constantly keep ahead of the farmer the one side and of better health, building on the north side of the in the development of the science of prosperity and happiness on the other. river near the north pier. The build­ agriculture as well as of its mechanical Harvester welfare work has pro­ ing is 40 by lio feet, two stories agencies; he must assume and meet a gressed and broadened steadily. In high; a powerful steam engine is responsibility even beyond the fulfill­ advance of legislation on the subject being placed in the building. Mc­ ment of his unwritten contract to have in Illinois it included provisions for Cormick harvesting machines will machines, parts and expert service workmen's compensation closely sim­ be manufactured in this establish­ ready whenever and wherever they ilar to those later prescribed in the ment on an extensive scale." are needed; he must be an unfailing law of that state; it developed an There were the elements of water source of accurate information and Employes' Mutual Benefit Associa­ transportation, cheap fuel, and cheap wise counsel in all that pertains to tion, jointly administered and receiv­ raw material to determine the choice; the industry; he must stand to the ing liberal Company support, which there were the widening grain fields farmer in a relation much more help­ has paid out in seven years benefits all about this site to make a nearby ful and intimate than that of mere amounting to $1,750,000; and it market for the little factory's prod­ bargain and sale. adopted a minimum wage for women. ucts, and beyond them, in the vast The experience of fourteen years Besides elaborate and standardized virgin areas of the West that was to convinces me that after adequate capi­ plant sanitation and advanced practice be, were imperial possibilities for the talization in money, men and material in safety first, the Company's welfare future. But it took vision to see that, resource, the practical application of work includes a comprehensive medi­ as the West was to be the granary of this broader theory of service has been cal service, with physical examination the Republic, so was the Lake region the chief factor in building up a of all applicants, regular examination to be its greatest workshop—it took world-wide trade in American agri­ of employes, emergency treatment at vision like that of the Virginia farmer cultural machines. the plants, in well-equipped medical whose dream of the age of mechanical In its fundamentals, the sale-and- quarters, and special prophylaxis and husbandry was already coming mag­ service plan of the Company contains treatment for tuberculosis. The Com­ nificently true. nothing essentially new. It is merely pany has long been pensioning old He Hf 4i applied to many more kinds of prod­ and incapacitated employes. Fundamentally the idea underlying ucts in many more places, and applied all that the Harvester Company does more effectively, than in the wasteful I have spoken of vision as an ele­ and attempts is that of Service. period before the formation of the ment of business success. In that That is necessarily the basic theory Harvester Company. This is a result respect the Harvester Company has of all manufacturing and selling of that was clearly contemplated in the been peculiarly fortunate, both in the machines of utility. When you sell two-fold purpose of its organization— foresight of the men who laid its a man a coat, a bolt of cloth or a bill the purpose of selling American ma­ foundations and of those who have of groceries, delivery and payment chines by American methods in foreign built upon them. There was vision close the transaction; when you sell countries, and the purpose of improv­ amounting to prophecy and fulfill­ him a machine which enables him to ing the old lines and adding new lines 38 HARVESTER WORLD July, 1936

to make ours an all-the-year-round antee was printed like an advertise­ simple, specific, substantiated, detailed business in all its territory. ment, with spaces to be filled out by statements. The differences between Different methods of promotion the farmer and witnesses. The price the advertising of 1833 and 1916 are came to the Harvester Company as was now set at $iio, of which $30 differences of volume, distribution, part of its inheritance. Some of these was required in cash, the balance in concentration as to subject and terri­ have been outgrown and abandoned; six months, provided that the reaper tory and "follow-up" coordination others remain as vital policies. All of fulfilled its guarantee. Failure to give with efforts of canvassers and solicitors. them are still entitled to consideration satisfaction permitted the return of The testimonial is no longer a sell­ as simple, direct methods of establish­ the reaper and the refund of the $30. ing factor in the old established lines. ing a worthy article in public favor. Cyrus McCormick believed in effi­ And yet when it comes to convincing These methods may be classified under cient advertising and in sufficient the farmer that such a modern machine the general titles of Advertising, Tes­ space to give the required display to as the self-propelled tractor will bring timonials, Public Exhibitions, Per­ his arguments. Advertising was then him more returns for less work, we sonal Selling, Agents, Written Guar­ a relatively small space proposition. cannot find any argument more force­ antees, Free Trials and Refunds in case The early McCormick advertisements ful than some such personal testi­ of dissatisfaction. By these methods utilized columns and half-columns— monials as those that carried the the reaper—the pioneer agricultural big space for that day. reaper into public favor and general machine and the foundation of a vast It is interesting to note the relative use. Consider, for instance, the selling and varied implement industry—was importance of the points mentioned power of such a recommendation as made as standard, as well known and in an early advertisement of "McCor­ that of Samer M. Idits, who estab­ understood on the farm as the watch, mick's Patent Virginia Reapers." The lished in 1843 a world's record for the the cookstove or the sewing machine. opening paragraph discusses the pros­ McCormick reaper by harvesting 175 The first advertisement of the reaper pect of "abundant crops" and the part acres of wheat in eight days. "My appeared in The Lexington Union of that the reaper can play in their eco­ reaper," his testimonial said, "has Lexington, Virginia, September i8, nomical harvesting. The second and more than paid for itself in one 1833. In this advertisement the price third paragraphs offer "several hun­ harvest." of the reaper was announced at $50, dred" reapers for immediate delivery. The public exhibition was one of and four farmers' testimonials were The fourth refers to eight hundred the picturesque features of the pioneer cited. As the foundation of a policy sold the preceding year and refers to days of implement selling. Before of publicity, this small advertisement testimonials at the foot of the adver­ crowds that were great for those days, marks an important step in the incep­ tisement. The fifth urges that the rival makers and machines were pitted tion of the business; as an advertise­ reaper be no longer considered an against one another in public field ment it was a complete failure, for experiment. The sixth cites numerous tests. Even now the feats performed not a single sale or inquiry resulted. recent improvements and emphasizes in some of these competitive exhibi­ In an advertisement in 1844 Cyrus its simplicity. The seventh gives the tions seem heroic. McCormick's high estimation of legiti­ price and the various features included, The first public exhibition of the mate publicity was again illustrated as well as the guarantees and terms. reaper was held in 1832. at Lexington, and was now combined with an ex­ The eighth states that all parts are Virginia. It achieved complete recog­ pression of his fixed belief in the numbered and that a diagram facili­ nition for the machine in that neigh­ obligation of the manufacturer to tates their easy assembling. Then fol­ borhood; wherever else there was alike stand behind his product, for here he low the list of agents and the farmers' demonstration the result was the same. gave for the first time to the prospec­ testimonials. In 1851 an American reaper was shown tive purchaser the inducement of a Out of these pioneer experiments at the London Exhibition and there written guarantee, which "warranted has grown a nation-wide and a world­ was, naturally, a public exhibition, the performance of the reaper in every wide plan of advertising publicity that with several hundred farmers and respect." still preserves the original theory of many distinguished persons to watch Four years later, in 1848, the guar­ Cyrus McCormick, which called for the strange invention from overseas

November 8, 1924. Mr. Mc­ Cormick (center) presiding at a dinner in Chicago attended by 1,242 men concerned with the work of the Y.M.C.A., a lifelong interest of his. Prominent speakers discussed plans for a campaign for buildings in parts of Chicago not then served. HARVESTER WORLD perform its "miracle." Among the have come after it. At the inception spectators was Horace Greeley. De­ of this policy it was a thing unheard scribing the ovation that followed, he of and unbelievable that a manufac­ wrote: "Involuntary cheers from the turer should stand behind his product, whole crowd proclaimed the triumph permitting free trial of it and pledging of the Yankee Reaper." Thus was himself to take back the machine and heralded that peaceful conquest of refund the money in case of the pur­ Europe by American agricultural chaser's dissatisfaction. It was—and it machinery whose real beginning still still is—a powerful method of trade lay half a century away in the future. promotion, putting buyer and seller For perhaps forty years the public at once on a basis of trust and exhibition remained an invaluable understanding. selling factor, an unsurpassed method Personal selling was a necessity of of advertisement and education. It was a new small business handling an abandoned only when the old line absolutely new machine in a new machines had become too well known country. Manifestly it could not en­ to need such demonstration. But today dure after its initial success. Still, the we are witnessing a return to this implement industry owes no small pioneer promotion method in the great debt to those pioneers and their suc­ public "tractor meets" throughout the cessors who were at once users, makers country where farmers are now being and sellers of harvesting machines. convinced that the age of the power Their personal knowledge and expe­ machine in agriculture has arrived, rience of the business at all angles and just as they began to be convinced in from all standpoints undoubtedly had that historic field at Lexington eighty- much to do with founding and devel­ four years ago that the age of hus­ oping the theory and practice of serv­ December 4, 1924. At Harvester's annual luncheon at McCormick works to the 4-H bandry-by-hand had gone. Obviously ice to the consumer that have been Club delegates. Mr. McCormick (right) ac­ the axiom that "seeing is believing" built into the structure of our industry. companied Honorable Frank O. Lowden (left), former governor of Illinois, special guest. has lost none of its commercial values. Of all the eight original methods of Seventy years ago Cyrus McCormick promotion that which most notably came by experience to the adoption of and importantly persists is the agency tract of representation. He reported another policy that remains today a plan. James H. Hite, a Virginia farmer, monthly and his year's sales and col­ settled principle of the Company which was the pioneer reaper agent. In 1843 lections determined his standing with inherited the fruits of his wisdom— he paid $1,333 ^^^ selling rights in the Company. the principle that the large-scale maker eight counties of the state where the In its essentials the agency plan of of utility machines can render the full­ reaper was born. the forties is the Harvester plan of est service only when he sells nothing The inventor of the reaper—at once today. The agent of today who has that he does not make and lends his dreamer, idealist, and commercial charge of a particular territory, how­ name and brand to no other maker. strategist—was too much the business ever, is not a dealer working under By 1846 a number of manufacturers at man to let his invention try to win an agency contract, but a Company strategic points had been licensed to its way to success on its merits alone. employe, devoting himself wholly to make reapers. It was soon apparent He realized that trade is a thing to be its interests. Branch Manager is his that this plan would not help the made, found and won; he foresaw title and it is a title that amounts to industry but hurt it. Lack of uni­ competition and prepared for it by something commercially. He is a formity in the quality of the machines planting an agency and warehouse for picked, proved man, fit to carry the thus produced, occasional use of poor his goods at every point from which largest possible powers of representa­ materials, unfamiliarity of workmen a favorable territory might be com­ tion with the fewest possible limita­ with the requirements of their tasks manded and supplied. By 1849 nine­ tions—to be the Company for his and products, lack of assurance as to teen such agencies had been estab­ territory. prompt deliveries—these considera­ lished. Agents were picked for their Eighty-seven such branch managers tions settled the question against out­ resoluteness, initiative, reliability, and in the United States and sixteen more side manufacture. executive strength. It was not a time in Canada maintain as many complete The written guarantee, established for petty routine or little economies establishments, each equipped and in 1842., still remains a factor of im­ of administration. Each agent was the manned to meet the needs of its terri­ portance in disposing of the reaper commander of his territory; his hands tory and to cultivate and develop its and the long lines of machines that were free, save for his exclusive con- business intensively. Each branch has

39 40 HARVESTER WORLD July, 1936 warehousage sufficient to carry full their enlightenment and the language the country. Transportation and tariffs, stocks of machines and of repair parts they speak. The idea of expert service, preferential and otherwise, are chief (including parts for machines of types following and attending the goods among them. These and other eco­ no longer manufactured) and each has from the first demonstration to con­ nomic reasons have caused the Com­ its force of expert demonstrators and tinuing operation in the field, appeals pany to establish six foreign factories, repair men. as strongly to the peasant on the plains in which some of the lines of machines Supplementary to the branches there of Asiatic Turkey as to the home­ are made, at Hamilton and Chatham has been established since 189^ a sys­ steader of the Dakotas. And that in Canada, Lubertzy in Russia, Norr­ tem of transfer agencies at key points, service is made possible throughout koping in Sweden, Croix in France, each with warehouses, spur track and the world by the same system as in and Neuss in Germany. ample switching facilities. From these America—the branch manager with * * * transfer stations supplies of machines all the powers and facilities for his Still deeper and more difficult than and parts are delivered into territory territory of the Company itself, in­ the obstacles of distance and tariff where the demand is unexpectedly cluding ample stocks of machines and duties is the opposition of the people large with much less delay than if the parts; under him the force of blockmen themselves to the new methods that requisitions of the general agencies to establish and maintain relations come with harvesting machines. It had to be filled from the factories. with local dealers; of canvassers to might be supposed that, after ages of Under each branch manager is a find the farmer that can pay for the drudgery at hand labor, they would staff of "blockmen," whose principal use of a machine and to bring him to welcome the self-binder. They do not. business is to establish and maintain the dealer; of expert mechanics to set All the force of tradition runs against relations with local dealers, and of up the machine, demonstrate its use an innovation so radical. With tradi­ canvassers or solicitors who are not and repair it when necessary; of local tion goes the fear that the machines salesmen for the Company but for the dealers, each serving his neighborhood will destroy the market for farm labor. dealers handling its products and who and maintaining a ready-at-hand stock In some far countries this opposition act as servicemen for the customer, of goods and repair parts; of collectors has gone the length of destroying the helping him to set up, adjust, operate to secure settlements that vex the machines. or repair his machine as he may dealer or the branch manager. 4i ift % require. In the United States the field It cannot be supposed that our busi­ To quote one of the Company's force numbers approximately 4,500 ness abroad has been, or that any other senior experts and specialists in for­ men. similar growing business could be, eign trade: The Harvester Company does not plain sailing. Foreign trade is not a "We have maintained two impor­ sell direct to the consumer, but only tree bending with the ripe fruit to be tant guiding rules for our conduct. through local dealers. Experience has shaken into the basket. Under normal First, we respected the national pecu­ shown this to be the most practicable conditions there have been and are liarities and traditions of the people way to carry out the theory of instant many difficulties to be overcome, be­ with whom we undertook to do busi­ and constant service to the users of sides that of remoteness of markets ness, and, secondly, we aimed to give the Company's products—distribution and consequent loading of the selling them good machines, well made and through men intimately familiar with investment. The difficulties vary with adapted to their local conditions." the user's needs and his credit. With the eighty-seven general agencies as bases of supply, there are thus twenty- five thousand places which are, in effect, sub-agencies for every ordinary requirement of the customer. Practi­ cally speaking, any user of our goods need go no farther than the nearest town to get his machine or any repair part or any expert advice or assistance. * * * Men everywhere in the world are much the same, differing chiefly, for the purpose of trade, in the degree of

May 1,1928. On a visit to the ancestral home in Virginia. Russia, again, furnishes a case in point in the lobogreika, as the users call it, meaning in English "brow sweater." The perspiring faces of the two men running a lobogreika reveal the origin of the colloquial name. It is much like the clumsy hand rake used in America in the early days of the harvesting machine industry. First it was imported through France and later came to be locally manufactured in Russia. Why do not the peasant folk, who sweat and strain as they operate this primitive and relatively ineffective two-man machine, accept instead the self-raking reaper that a boy can guide? Because the lobogreika is simpler, can be driven home on the trot across May 1, 1928. Mr. McCormick and his son, Cyrus (left), inspect the blacksmith shop on the the steppes from the fields—and be• home place in Virginia where Cyrus Hall McCormick hammered out the first reaper in 1831. cause the peasant prefers it! * * * Sometimes it is asked why the 50- lumpy, stony fields and diagonal irri­ Quoting another veteran export pound twine bale of North and South gating ditches; fore-carriages for horse- salesman: "At first we used to think America becomes 54 pounds for Russia, drawn machines in Russia to meet the that our American machines, as they 56 pounds for England and 55 pounds needs of a country where harness con­ work in this country, ought to give for the Continent. The answer, exhib­ sists largely of ropes; right-hand ma­ satisfaction in any other, but we found iting one of the many concessions to chines to be drawn by oxen in South it was better to make the change than local foreign custom, is that Russia's Africa, water buffaloes in Roumania to try to educate them in the way wc weight standard, the pood, is thirty- and camels in parts of Siberia. work here." six pounds and the bale of fifty-four pounds is one and a half poods; that IftlO^Ore International Harvester Objectives. As given at the Harvester England adheres to the long ton, or Club Annual Dinner. February 3, 1916. forty times the fifty-six pound bale; that the Continental bale of fifty-five This is a good opportunity to ask and to achieve net results which com­ pounds is twenty-five times the Con­ what the objectives are for which the pare favorably with other industrial tinental kilo of two and one-fifth Company is striving. Manifestly, the enterprises is an ambition worthy of pounds. first objective is profit. A manufactur­ our best efforts. There are endless further concessions ing business is conducted for the pri­ Another objective for which our to local foreign conditions and pre­ mary object of making a reasonable Company is striving is the improve­ dilections. There are the light cow- profit for those who have invested ment of the agricultural conditions of driven mowers of south Germany and their money in the enterprise. This the country. To make "two blades of Switzerland where horses are scarce Company has never made more than grass to grow upon a spot of ground and the plentiful kine must give draft a reasonable profit and we hope that where only one grew before" is a con­ service as well as milk; the machines conditions will be such that we can structive work which appeals to the that cut low and bind small for Scot­ continue to make for the stockholders man of practical experience as well as land's damp climate and long stalks; the fair profit to which they are to the idealist. The bountiful crop of the endwise transport to fit narrow properly entitled. 1915 could not have been gathered Scottish lanes and gateways; mowers Another objective is that our efforts expeditiously, safely, and economi­ for the low-lying fields of Holland may be exerted in an industry that is cally if we had not provided the that lay the hay in windrows out of creditable from every standpoint. Ours machines. the way of the horses' feet; special is an enterprise upon which we may Still another objective of our busi­ cutting apparatus for the bog-lands of look with proper pride, for its growth ness is the benefit we can bring to the Denmark to press down the moss and and progress have already challenged laboring man. We provide steady work get the ultimate inch of the fine, soft the admiration of the industrial world. at fair pay for thousands of men who grass; strengthened frames and ele­ To have the newest systems of ma­ help us build our machines and send vators for Italy to stand the stress of chinery, to discover the best methods, them forth to reap the crops of the 41 42 HARVESTER WORLD July, 1936 world. We must not forget their share zation into a compact group. We are we stand bound by patriotism to face in the enterprise. We express personal bound to win because our ambitions and we know we face them with faith interest in them by efforts for their are not only for the winning but for and confidence. medical welfare and the financial facil­ winning by adherence to our highest Dr. Barton, in language more elo­ ities we offer them. Although it is ideals. quent than I can say, has told you of often said that capital does not sym­ In closing let me emphasize this the value of men, those men that this pathize sufficiently with labor, the thought: every one of you is a trustee Company helps to build—one of the Harvester Company seeks to prove for a great industry. On your decisions grandest products that this Company that it does. and your actions depends in large has ever made. I say that the Harvester Ha,ving enumerated the objectives, measure the good name of the Com­ men as they stand together, banded let me remind you of the pleasures pany. The banner under which we for the things that uplift, for the that result from our mutual coopera­ march has these magic letters "IHC." things that make the Harvester Com­ tion. Among these are the success that Individuality—every man is called on pany a success, are: we have attained in the business; the to do his best and gets credit for it; "Men with hearts that beat to­ satisfaction we feel in getting together Humanity—the conditions of progress gether, and working together; the develop­ and enlightenment under which our Men who strive with main and ment of that loyalty to the Company work is done; and Cordiality—the might which creates the "Harvester spirit," sympathy which brings out the en­ Through the storm as in fair —the spirit which welds our organi­ thusiasm of our whole organization. weather For justice, honor, truth and right." IBlT—Ore Harvester's Three "Qualities." Harvester World, January, 1917, issue. 191II^Ore Business As a Profession. In No matter what changes peace may ity of service—these things will not an Address before the North Central Academic Association. March IS, 1918. bring in channels, forces and factors fail to bring quantity of business. The of trade, it may be foretold with con­ Company's organization is equally More than ever before, business is fidence that the world's trade will go, ready to bear the further stress of a now regarded as a profession worthy of as always, to those who deserve and war-swept world or to meet the de­ our best intellectual efforts. It is taking earn it. Quality of production and mands for food of a world at peace. its place with those objects of worthy product; quality of salesmanship; qual­ ambition which hitherto have been reserved for the professional man. In that sense, business is becoming one 1917—Ore Men and Team Work. In an Address before the Harvester Club. Harvester World, June, 1917, issue. of the professions—is qualifying itself to stand with law, ministry, and medi­ We have often heard the expression * * * Tonight we came into the cine in its claims upon the time and "In union there is strength"; but I room and took our places at tables attention of any man who wishes his would paraphrase it and say:"In team marked out by different designating life to be one of service and sacrifice work there is strength." We know cards. We had the Weber table, the in a noble cause. what team work will accomplish. We McCormick table, the Tractor table, know that from the manufacturing the Choir's table and the Officers' 1020—On "Patience," "Persistence," department and we know it from the table. And we lined up for an exceed­ and "Power," in Getting Ahead! In Remarks at a Harvester Salesmen's sales department and from the collec­ ingly splendid time. But when the Training School. June 4, 1920. tion department. None of these can feast was over and the serious thought possibly make a success without the began, the lines of demarcation were I want to put this thought before others—we are dependent upon taken away. The signs came down and you: As I was sitting at luncheon each other. Kipling says, "Down to we gathered together as one organiza­ today there were three things which Gehenna or up to the throne, he tion. And now we have nothing but I decided to suggest to you. I thought travels the fastest who travels alone." the International—and above us the the first one would be "Exercise of That may do for a race, but it will Flag still stands. Patience." Of course, I know every not do for the kind of material we That is the symbol, gentlemen, of young man coming along wants to have to build or the kind of work we humanity; and of the cordial sym­ see results quickly. No one wants to have to do. Ours is a different work, pathy of this Company on this mo­ see results quicker than I do. But it and we might rather say, "Scaling the mentous occasion, surrounded by these takes a certain amount of serious work mountain or breasting the stream, he flags. We realize we are in pressing and plugging and hard pushing before travels fastest who pulls with his elements which we cannot control, a person can get results. I know that team." but elements which, as Harvester men. with your splendid energy and zeal you men will sometimes become im­ August 14, 1926. Mr. McCormick (seat­ patient to get on. So, I suggest that ed) at Brussels, Bel­ you try to exercise patience. gium, with, leftto right, Mr. and Mrs. John And remember that breaks in the Morrow, S. G. Mc­ line will open up before you in an Allister, Mr. and Mrs. A. M. Rode, and unexpected way and when least ex­ Harold F. McCormick. pected. As in a football team, the biggest success comes from watching for a break in the line. The man who do. You must have originality; you any special person to help you, an is successful will watch for the break must have suggestion. If you have a older man said this to me: "All the and will dart in and take the ball suggestion to make which you think young men are bound in time to down the field for a touchdown. So, I is good and you make that suggestion become older men. A man twenty-five say, it will pay you fellows to watch and it is not carried out, do not drop years of age does not need to compare for the break in the line; if you see a it. Like a drop of water that wears himself to a man of thirty-five. All he clear break and there is an opening, away the stone, try it again. Let it has to do is to keep as high as the take it and you will go ahead and percolate into many quarters and if it young men who are twenty-five." If make a success. Wait with patience is great it will finally find its way to I keep track of the young men of for the break. action. twenty-five, in due time they will Another thing about exercising pa­ The third idea I had, which also come to the top as the older men pass tience: you must not all think that begins with the letter "P" is ' 'Power. on. If you will look to the right and because Mr. McKinstry looks so young The thing I mean is punch—the thing to the left and see that you are in line and full of vigor that he jumped that delivers the goods; the thing that with the fellows of your own age, ahead in a great hurry; you must not makes for salesmanship; the thing you will come to the top. think that because I feel twenty-five that gets out manufacturing; the thing I think this is something which is years younger than I am I jumped that gets advertising; the thing that worthy for a young man to strive ahead in a hurry. It took long years gets the materials purchased at the for—high ideals. That is more im­ of watching and work. So, if you do most reasonable prices; in other portant than seeking to swell our not go ahead as rapidly as you would words, the thing that gets results. dividends. The best thing you can do wish and do not become the head of That is absolutely necessary in addition is to attempt to make the best Com­ a department immediately or become to all you are studying and acquiring. pany—a Company with the highest a works manager or get into some Now, if any of you young men are ideals. I know business is said to be other important position, do not get afraid of the rapidity of your progress, hard and cold, but I have always discouraged. Exercise your patience let me give you a comforting thought maintained that there can be a lot of and the Company will see that you which was given to me when I was sentiment in business. Sentiment can get your reward. I believe there is no twenty-two years old, shortly after be ideal and if we can run this Com­ opening for a young man that will I finished college. Talking about the pany with the same ideals as an indi­ beat the Harvester Company if he question of how different young men vidual or a firm where honor is at does his work well and if the Com­ come to the top when the field is stake, the Company will live up to pany goes on expanding, and I do not full and perhaps when there isn't its standards. see why it should not—the Directors feel that way. 1912—Ore the Y.M.C.A. and Character Building. Address to the Fourteenth International Conference of Railroad Y.M.C.A.'s. October 3, 1912. The second thought I give you is "Persistence." That begins with "P" For many years I have been a strong markable thing alone for fifteen hun­ also. I would not give a cent for a believer in the work of the Young ted men, railroad men, to come to­ man who does not put continuous Men's Christian Association. That gether to consider the question of the effort into what he is doing. It is not work is practical and helpful. It is benefits and the advantages of a only a question of making a brilliant based on common sense, and it is Christian organization, but when to start, but it is plugging along with worthy of the support of every man this fact you add that officials, or the persistence that will out-do the fellow who wishes to help his fellow men. institution representing thousands— who makes a brilliant dash. So, I say, Especially is this true of the railroad yea, almost hundreds of thousands of do not forget to be persistent in your department, the growth of which is men—railroad men—throughout this efforts. Because if you lack persistence, one of the most remarkable features country are gathered at the same board, you will not get where Mr. Utley, Mr. of our American industrial life. the significance of the occasion will at McKinstry, Mr. Perkins and all the I wonder if you realize that on no once be apparent to all of us. leaders of this business stand. They other continent could such a gathering We have heard many things of the were persistent in what they had to as our Conference be held. It is a re­ requisites of the Association work, 43 44 but I would like to call your attention August 16, 1926. Mr. McCormick (at to the fact that, to my mind, character right) at Neuss, Ger­ is increasingly being looked upon as many, with, left to right, Harold F. an invaluable factor in railway work. McCormick, Hans Every one who is identified with a Emch, the late August Rentsch, and S. G. railroad, whether in the capacity of McAllister. employe or official or stockholder, now recognizes that character means way in which it has cooperated with in the development of its welfare work everything that is necessary to the the Association in making the work a from the Associations, and it wishes railway man, and consequently they success. to reciprocate by promoting these are all interested in the development Let me remind you that the club­ i nterests whenever it possibly can do so. of strong, manly. Christian character. houses on the Canal Zone, which I am glad to note that the time has The Association has proved its were built and largely maintained by come when stockholders and public value as a character-building insti­ the United States Government, are an generally recognize that it is good tution, and that is one of the chief outgrowth of the work of this railway business to spend a reasonable amount reasons why we believe so strongly in department of the Young Men's Chris­ of corporate money in this way, and I it. The railroads owe much to it for tian Associations. This is equally true am glad that an organization is at the work it has done so efficiently of the welfare and club work being hand with which we can all cooperate among the employes. But on the other done among many industrial corpora­ along these lines, knowing well from hand the railroad has set a splendid tions. The International Harvester experience that employes generally example to other corporations and to Company, with which I am connected, will give it their loyal and their other employers of labor by the hearty has obtained much valuable assistance hearty support.

1916—Ore the College Graduate's Willingness to Work Being Necessary in Business. In His Capacity as a Member of the Board of the University's Trustees. As Published in The Daily Princetonian, Princeton University, Issue of January 24, 1916. The question which every senior is the start. In fact, he must assume that come up through years of service and now preparing himself to answer is: in the first stages he is handicapped as that there will be some natural jeal­ "Into what field of work am I to enter compared with men who have "come ousy of him on their part. College men when I leave college?" The opportuni­ up from the ranks;" men who have who have fitted themselves for a pro­ ties for college men which I naturally graduated at no school save that of fessional life do not seem to expect the think of are those which are connected experience and whose only medals, same rapid advancement that the with a business career. For without honors, fellowships, or prizes are the average college man expects in com­ any disparagement of any of the pro­ commendation of their superiors and mercial life. A law school graduate is fessions, I feel that the sphere of the promotion that comes to him who glad to secure a junior position in a modern industrial and commercial does his work faithfully and well. law office where his salary, for a long activity is so extensive, its possibili­ If the contest—for it is nothing time, is barely sufficient to pay his ties are so great, its ideals so high, less—were to be decided on short tests, living expenses. A medical graduate that it may well rank with the pro­ the college man would fare badly. It will work for two or three years for fessions in its appeal to the college is only as a long distance race that his almost nothing in some hospital to man to make it his life work. chances of an ultimate success rise so gain experience. But the average col­ The doors of entrance to the pro­ rapidly that he ought to be a sure lege graduate assumes that his ex­ fessions, the institutions of learning, winner if he can meet certain funda­ perience in college has fitted him to the political and diplomatic fields, mental yet difficult requirements. begin in business several rungs up from stand wide open and easy of access to the bottom of the ladder, and he does the college man. In fact, any one else Must Do Anything not realize the difficulties he will meet would be seriously handicapped in He must be willing to work at any­ in applying the theories he has studied trying to secure an entrance. A college thing he is asked to do—consistent to practical, every-day problems. career is practically a sine qua non for with his principles—and he must success in those lines. In the realm of begin at the bottom of the ladder. Financial Sacrifice Necessary business the conditions are exactly He must be patient about early pro­ He must realize that his wages in reversed. The college man must prove motion. Many a college man thinks the beginning will not equal what he his right of entrance, must assert his that he is entitled to the "best that is thinks he ought to earn, and therefore willingness to wait the results of going'' and he looks too soon for rapid a financial sacrifice will be necessary a severe "trying out," must claim no advancement. He should remember for one, two, or three years. preference or favoritism in making that many of the men around him have He must keep his eyes and ears open for every bit of information which will help him later on. This is one of the points on which he must do better than those around him, if he is to "win out" in the end. He must try to be a good "mixer" and not have an air of aloofness to those around and with him. It would be fatal to his success if it appears that he thinks himself a little too good for December 2, 1926. Mr. McCormick (foreground) in the Display Room at McCormick works the work. with a group of Harvester officers leading the 4-hl Club delegates on a plant tour. He must stick to the job he under­ takes even though discouragement appreciate and grasp a situation and to win, he must keep the ultimate goal surround him. But he need not spend make the best of it are factors in the always in sight and in mind; count his life at it if he finds he is on the ultimate success—even there, the col­ nothing too small which will con­ wrong track. The lack of "stick-to-it- lege man should, in the long run, sur­ tribute toward reaching it; and have iveness" is a frequent complaint pass his rival who has not had such faith to "stay with the game" until against college men who enter business. advantages. But it must be an en­ the trial of it has fully and fairly been A substantial percentage—probably durance test and not a sprint. In order made. a majority—of successful men in com­ mercial life today are not college 1920—Ore the "Best" of Safety First. In a Letter Published in National graduates. The college man entering Safety News of December 6, 1920. business is, therefore, watched more closely by such employers than he has We stand for "Safety First." Sys­ have been on the personal and indi­ knowledge of. And many business tematic and intensive effort toward vidual side—the preservation of the men are skeptical about the success of accident prevention has proved in our lives and usefulness of our workers and college graduates in business because organization to be worth while, even the avoidance of sorrow and suffering in many instances their experience from the standpoint of prudent busi­ among their dependents. with them has not proved satisfactory. ness. But its best and highest results

Skepticism Natural 1920—Ore Leadership. At the Annual Dinner of the Y.M.C.A. of Chicago This skepticism of non-college men Held in Honor of Students from Other Lands. December 28, 1920. is quite natural, because they have not had college experience themselves. Gentlemen, your presence tonight Leadership also requires persistence. The college graduate appears to expect indicates that each of you is a picked No man is fit for leadership if he gives rapid promotion without adequate man. Each of you represents a large way when he is opposed. He must try experience or knowledge. They think number of men and you are looked and climb to the top of the ladder. that he is unable to do or does not upon as leaders. You must therefore "There is plenty of room at the want to do the drudgery. They see expect to show leadership. What does top, my friend. that he lacks a practical view of work leadership require? First, knowledge; And will be to the end of time, and the value of things which they you cannot be leaders unless you know The reason there's room is be­ have spent years—and have received the subject of your work and study. cause, I presume. hard knocks—in learning. They as­ As the poet says: The ladder's so hard to climb." sume that he has been more or less "A little learning is a dangerous spoiled by his life in college, that his thing; Other qualities of leadership are time has been partly wasted and that Drink deep, or taste not the courage and faith. Courage to inspire he has formed easy-going habits which Pierian spring." others and faith in the cause. Let us do not comport with the stern require­ You must acquire not superficial, remember that ments of business. But they know that but thorough knowledge, if you are to Troubles lessen as we meet them he has an advantage over them in influence others. face to face; education. Another requisite is vision. A leader The sun shines on behind the With the foregoing in mind there is must be able to see ahead. He must darkest day; every opportunity for the college man look forward and be a seer. He must Though obstacles arise at every in the business world. Even when no also be trustworthy because upon him place special scientific training is required— depends the safety and success of his Courage and faith will find the where common sense and quickness to associates and his work. way. 45 I ^ I f f ^ W 1^ t

^^^'*^ > A^*^^ *" ^'^^^ « '*

December 1, 1927. Mr. McCormick (front row, eighth from left) with his official family In closing let me say that it is an with you in a meeting of cooperation in the Display Room at McCormick works pre­ inspiration to meet so many young and counsel in this world-wide work ceding the luncheon to 4-H Club delegates. men from foreign countries and to feel in which we are engaged, hand in that here in Chicago we can unite hand as brothers. knew something about the reaper be­ fore I knew anything of the alphabet 1921^0re Keeping Fit. As Published in National Cash Register Progress or the multiplication table. Magazine of January 8, 1921. My uncle, Leander McCormick, A man cannot work successfully and less he keeps in sound physical con- lived at the corner of Ohio and Rush work hard unless he loves it and un- dition. streets, which, as you know, is just north of the river. And on the river at 192S—Ore Early Day Leaders of the Farm Implement Industry. An Address Rush street stood the McCormick Before the Harvester Club. Published in Harvester World, March, 1925, Issue. works. I was only a little fellow at I need hardly say how great a pleas­ chiefly from the original founders of that time, and when my uncle said to ure it is for me to be here with you the business and their great work. me one day, "Wouldn't you like to go today. I will confess, however, that They were all workers. They were with me to the works?" I jumped at if this were not a family gathering, ready to make, and did make, self- the chance, with a small boy's eager­ if you who sit before me were people I sacrifices beyond limit. They had an ness. So he had two horses brought did not know, I might have felt a inspiration as strong as their am­ out from his stables—a big riding little discomfited when I heard that bitions and they had the determina­ horse for himself and a pony for me. splendid choir singing about "Hard tion that overcomes all obstacles. And We mounted and rode down Rush Trials and Tribulations," but as it is, they had that splendid quality of street—it was then unpaved—to the I find no hardship in speaking to this honesty—a quality which inspired works. It was only a few blocks and splendid organization of friends and confidence in their business and in an easy walk on foot, but the horses associates. themselves among the men who helped and the purpose of the journey made When we think of the Harvester them make their goods, among their it a memorable pilgrimage for a small Company with its wide-spread busi­ customers and throughout the busi­ boy. ness and its plants distributed over the ness world as well as the agricultural The first reaper I knew—made by world—thirty plants in all—we should world. the McCormick Company, of course— reflect that this great organization The subject assigned to me by your was the old blue reaper. I recall that has grown from small beginnings. And president, "The Harvester Family," when this machine was taken to perhaps it is worth while now and makes it necessary for me to be some­ England it was called "a cross be­ then to stop and think of what those what personal. If there are too many tween an Astley chariot, a wheelbar­ beginnings were. Certainly they were "I's," it is because reminiscences row and a flying machine," but it was small, yet they showed from the start sometimes compel free use of the per­ a practical, sturdy machine. When the the elements of strength and steadi­ sonal pronoun. farmers of Illinois were studying this ness and the possibility of develop­ Born and brought up in the atmos­ machine one of them asked a salesman ment and progress and a firm and far- phere of the reaper, I may say that 1 where it would be safe to take it. reaching purpose to turn that possi­ bility into a reality. As wc analyze the Company's de­ velopment, we find that it came

June 29, 19'29. Mr. McCormick addressed the Harvester men and women on the occasion of the dedication of the Nettie Fowler Mc­ Cormick Memorial cottage at the Katherine Legge Memorial, Hinsdale, Illinois. 46 47

June 29, 1929. Mr. McCormick paying a tribute to his mother at the dedication of the Nettie Fowler McCormick memorial cottage, Hinsdale, Illinois. (See excerpt on page 51.)

out most clearly in my recollection of those early days and those pioneers is that of Cyrus Hall McCormick, my father. He was a rugged, powerful man, in mind as well as body. His "My dear Mr. Farmer," the sales­ Just about that time William Deer­ most salient characteristic, it seems to man replied, "you hitch your horses ing came into the harvesting machine me, was his great energy and his to this machine (it took four horses to field from his successful career as a enormous capacity for work. He could draw it) and then you can drive any­ merchant in New England. He was the work as hard and as long as any man where that God in his Providence first manufacturer to experiment with I have ever seen. He had been brought leads you and the machine will go twine instead of wire for binding up on the farm and had a splendid through all right." grain. Through the invention of John constitution and I doubt if he ever Let me recall some early machines F. Appleby, the Deerings succeeded in knew what it was to be tired. that came into existence through our producing the first twine binder, and His working day began when he predecessor companies. very soon after that the McCormick awoke early and ended late in the The first mechanical binding was Company established a business re­ night, when he went to bed. From done by a wire binder invented by lation which permitted it to use the five to seven in the morning, he used S. D. Locke, then working for or with Appleby invention and enter vigor­ to say, he did his best work. These the Walter A. Wood Company of New ously into the production of the twine hours he spent in writing letters or York. The Locke wire binder was a binder. drafting important papers. most extraordinary and ingenious ma­ I recall that the Champion Com­ Another of his characteristics was chine. It had a long binding arm that pany had a highly efficient and able his great determination and his re­ made a complete circle, looping and corps of inventors and designers who fusal to be imposed upon by anybody. tying the wire about the sheaf. It was worked on a definite plan toward a It made no difference what the issue theoretically a most efficient machine, binder. They produced a wonderful was, if he thought that anybody was but too delicate and complicated to machine that used to be jocularly seeking to take unfair advantage of last. known as "the Strassburg Clock," him he would fight to the end. Once, Next came the Gordon wire binder, but it was too intricate and had too when he was traveling with his which was taken up and developed by many small parts. family, a certain railroad undertook to the Osborne Company and proved to Such were the beginnings of the charge him a small amount for excess be a very fine machine. Later the binder industry in the middle '70's. baggage, only $7.50. He had never Deering Company built a few of these From then on, after the production of heard of an excess baggage charge and machines which also proved successful. a successful and durable twine binder, thought somebody was trying to The third mechanical binder was things moved more rapidly. Since impose on him. He refused to travel the Withington wire binder, which many of our Harvester family who are on a railroad that would permit such was taken up by my father, Cyrus here today cannot possibly go back a thing, but it was too late to get his Hall McCormick—the most successful to those early days, let me tell you trunks out of the baggage car and they of all the wire binders. It was as per­ the personal characteristics of some of went ahead without him. The trunks fect a machine as any binder that had the pioneers who made our company came to Chicago and were burned ever been made before or has been possible. while they were still in the railroad's made since. The trouble with it was Naturally, the figure that stands custody. He sued the company for the the fact, or the belief of the farmers, amounting to a fact, that cattle fed on grain bound with wire would get particles of the wire in their stomachs and die. That settled the fate of the Withington wire binder and of all wire binders.

April 3, 1928. Mr. McCormick accepts as a gift the last Weber wagon manufactured at the 81st Street works (then known as Weber works). 48

value of the trunks and he finally got December 6, 1928. As Mr. Mc­ and collected a judgment, but it took Cormick leaves the Harvester building to address 1,200 4-H 2.3 years and cost him over $75,000 Club delegates, guests of Inter­ to fight the suit to the end. national Harvester, at McCormick works on "Overcoming Obsta­ Another characteristic of my father cles," excerpted elsewhere in was that he never worried, a char­ these pages (see page 52). The motion picture camera also took acteristic and a policy that I com­ this view. mend to all heads of our departments. Don't worry, because it will never help you. Even on the day when he and John J. Glessner, one of our hon­ the details of all departments of the had lost his biggest lawsuit, my ored pioneers who is still actively business than anyone in the organiz­ father slept calmly the night through associated with the industry as a ing group. without ever a thought of worry. director of our Company, came into Still one more figure of those early Another of his characteristics which the business in 1863. I recall that he days was D. M. Osborne, who started I do not commend to anyone, was that was when I first knew him, as he is his works at Auburn, N. Y., in 1858, he did not know how to take a va­ now, one of the most modest of men another indefatigable worker. One cation. A vacation to him was never and one of the ablest. I don't believe day I was visiting the Auburn works anything more than a change from that this or any other business has and thought I would get there half an one kind of work to another. When known a shrewder accountant or a hour before the office opened at eight his physicians advised him that he better bookkeeper than Mr. Glessner. o'clock and go through the works. should go to the springs for his health, I never knew anyone who could foot When I arrived at 7:30 A. M., there it was incumbent upon him, of course, up a statement or add up a column of was Mr. Osborne sitting at his desk to drink sulphur water. His idea was figures more quickly than he could. with the entire morning's mail before that what was good for the head of Another of the great men among the him, opening it himself. He opened the family was good for the other pioneers to whom our Company owes every letter that came to the Osborne members of it, so we children were so much was W. H. Jones. He came Company and distributed the mail liberally dosed with sulphur water, into the business first as a canvasser into piles and baskets for the various whether we needed it or not! for Gammon & Deering, and in 1881 departments. That was how this The next outstanding character he established his own business. The dear, fine old gentleman began his among the founders of this business Piano Company. Here again we find day's work. was William Deering, one of the keen­ that quality which runs all through In those early days the personal as­ est men that the farm implement in­ the back history of our Company— sociations of the leaders in the various dustry ever knew. Like my father, the quality of infinite industry. Mr. companies with their associates was he was an indefatigable worker, toil­ Jones was not only a tireless worker, most intimate. To illustrate, the ing long hours and concentrating but he was a master hand in the econ­ Buckeye Company at Akron has an old his keen and experienced business omies of operation and production. photograph onitsoffice wall of which faculties upon the problems of his Coupled with these characteristics it is very proud. It shows all the prin­ business. was another as to which he ranked cipal stockholders and owners of the All day long he would be busy at above all the other pioneers, his business and the management person­ the works, and when there was ad­ knowledge of detail. He knew more nel of the Buckeye Company, together vertising to be done he would prepare about the details of every department with seven of the most important the copy for the printer with his own of the business at the works and in foremen in the works—and every man hand. He would telephone down town the field than any other reaper man. in that picture is shown wearing a to the printer that he might not be When the Harvester Company was beard. It may seem amusing now, but able to get to the printing office by organized we soon found that Mr. it has a certain significance to note six and the printers would wait until Jones had more information about that in a similar photograph pre- perhaps seven o'clock and then he would spend the evening with them going over the advertising copy and the proofs himself. William Deering's brain was marvelously clear and his December 6, 1928. He was on judgment and foresight were wonder­ hand when the large photograph ful. He must always rank as one of of 1,200 4-H Club delegates was taken in the yard at McCormick the greatest men in our business. works, while they were guests for Speaking next of the Champion the day of International Harvester. He was a speaker too. (Remarks Company, its activities began in 1850 excerpted, see page 52.) served from the pioneer days of the Mayl,1928. Mr. Mc­ Cormick and his son, Champion Company the managers Cyrus, with the oldest and leading employes of the Com­ inhabitant, Wm. Rosen, 96, beside the Cyrus pany are all shown wearing very Hall McCormick mark­ conspicuous mustaches. er on the McCormick farm in Rockbridge No review of the early days of our County, Virginia, which was presented Company and its predecessors, how­ to the family that day ever brief or sketchy, could properly by the Virginia Poly­ technic Institute branch omit reference to another extraordi­ of the American So­ nary and dominant character. I refer ciety of Agricultural to my mother, Mrs. Nettie Fowler Engineers. McCormick. As a young bride she came into the business of the man she married, and became at once my father's secretary and file clerk and was soon his associate and his au­ business, passed away. I was only a this is a hot and blistering day, and thority on all branches of his business, young fellow then, a little past twenty- since early morning I have been think­ this besides bearing and rearing his five years of age. I was elected presi­ ing of you and the great responsi­ six children. My mother did as much dent, but you may believe me when I bility you have in your hands for the work as any woman I have ever say that, in fact, I was not the presi­ care of the buildings of this great known. She had a truly remarkable dent at all. My mother was the real plant on such a day of extreme heat." memory and up to the last days of her president of the Company and she gave She went all over the works with life remembered the events of thirty me my instructions on all points and Captain Crowley, shook hands with or forty years ago with such exactness all problems. She kept intimate track the leading men of his department, that she could always tell me off­ of every detail of the business and of expressed her intense satisfaction, and hand anything I wanted to know out all the reports and she let no important departed for home. of the past with which she was ac­ matter pass without giving me defi­ While I was too young at that time quainted. nite instructions on what I was to do and too inexperienced to stand alone Her interest in the McCormick and how it was to be done. It was, in and be the Company's president in the Company's business was a very inti­ fact, her keen mind and business abil­ full sense of that term, there was one mate and personal one, the sort of ity that ran the Company for five or thing that I did know: I had the good interest that I commend to the ladies ten years after my father's death. sense to get in as close touch as pos­ of this group. I am happy to know As illustrating my mother's inti­ sible with the leading men of the that the wives of the leading men in mate knowledge of some of the details management of the Company and our Company are carrying along that of the business, and her solicitude that secure their help in my task. idea and tradition, are showing the everything should be conducted in the The general manager at that time same kind, if not the same degree, of very best manner, I remember that on was E. K. Butler, a man with a mind interest in the Company's affairs that one Fourth of July, an especially hot a good deal like that of our wonderful my mother showed. day, she called for her carriage, an old- president to-day, Mr. Legge. In all the As showing her intimate acquain­ fashioned rockaway where the driver details of the business he stood be­ tance with the business, I recall that sat on the same level as the passengers, hind me and gave me the benefit of she knew personally all the foremen and drove down alone to the McCor­ his clear counsel. The next man in and heads of the departments. It was mick works, which were located at that group, who was a most wonder­ quite the customary thing when I i6th Street and Western Avenue on ful help to me, was our dear friend, was a boy to have the head of the both sides of the Chicago river. It Mr. Utley, who had come into the carpenter shop, the paint shop, the being a holiday, the gates of the business as a young man. When he foundry or the steel department come works were closed, but after knock­ saw what I was in for as president in after dinner and spend an hour ing on the door it was opened by the of the Company he said, "I will do or so talking with my father and watchman, who was greatly surprised the best I can to help you," and he mother about the operation of his at her visit. She said to the watch­ gave me the greatest possible help, department. Conferences of this kind, man, "I would like to go with you to especially at the works. held informally in the evening at the see Captain Crowley,'' the head of the When we think of how this business home of the Company's head, brought fire and watch department. When she has grown since the formation of the about an intimacy that in these mod­ promptly found him in his small International HarvesterCompany, how ern days is quite impossible. office in the court yard of the works, seven plants have grown into thirty, In 1884 my father, the head of the she said to him, "Captain Crowley, including the twine mills, and how 49 50 HARVESTER WORLD the sales department has spread out December 6, 1928. Mr. McCormick con­ gratulates the winners of the annual national from a small business until it reaches contest for the healthiest boy and girl among to all the ends of the earth; how the the 900,000 4-H Club members. Project spon­ sored by the Elizabeth McCormick memorial. few lines of machines, all related to the harvesting of grain, have broad­ beginnings of which I have spoken. ened out until they include every­ We see that these various streams, thing that is required by the farmer to each from a separate source, have produce his crops—thinking of these flowed together into one great river things, we cannot help being im­ that bears the blessings and the help pressed by the wonderful develop­ of service to the farmers of all ment that has come from those small lands.

192T—Ore Safety First. In an Address to the 4-H Club Delegates at McCor­ mick Works. December 1, 1927.

I know that every one of you in this yourself, but for the cars that are great day of motors—and the Inter­ coming along the road. national Harvester Company builds This principle is illustrated by a motors of a certain kind—is a pros­ man who went into a cemetery and pective driver of a motor car of some there he saw on a tombstone a most kind. The number of motor cars in this interesting epitaph. It read this way: country is marvellous. I want to give "Here lies the body of Jonathan Jay, you one little word of warning as you Who died maintaining his right of all learn to drive those cars. It isn't way. only the damage you may do to the He was right—dead right—as he other fellow on the road, it is just as sped along. much the damage he may do to you. But he's just as dead as if he'd been So you have to look out, not only for wrong."

1912 —Ore Mutuality of Endeavor. At the Dedication of the Y.M.C.A. Build­ ing at the Harvester Company's Benham (Kentucky) Mines. October 14, 1912. tion which is steadily going on throughout the world, the discredit The officers of the Company re­ ic center. This will be of value to which has sometimes attached to cor­ sponsible for the erection of the Ben­ every member of the community just porate organization and corporate ac­ ham plant wish to provide not only in proportion as each individual takes tion will be done away with, and the good working conditions for the men, a personal share in this work and corporation will take on more and but also a means of making Benham a loyally promotes the best interests of more, and it should, the personality comfortable, healthful, helpful, and the community as a whole. of the individuals who are responsi­ homelike place in which to live—a Directors or officials of corporations ble for and guiding its destinies. place where any man may be willing formerly felt that funds owned by a During the past ten years the Inter­ to establish his family and feel that he corporation could not be applied to national Harvester Company and its can find there those opportunities for the erection of such a building as this. affiliated companies, among which is self-betterment and self-development But within the past twenty years the Wisconsin Steel Company, have that make life worth living. And we times have changed. With the prog­ cooperated with its employes in every have already provided not only com­ ress of thought and human effort modern form of welfare work, in­ fortable dwellings under sanitary con­ corporation activities have taken on cluding the organization of at least ditions, but also a church and a school, new forms. The corporation has de­ twelve different clubs in the interest recognizing in these two institutions veloped a conscience and no longer is of its employes, several of which have the foundation stones upon which we corporate action permitted to hide either buildings of their own or hope can be reared a most successful behind the anonymous character of rooms fitted up for their especial use. industrial edifice for the upbuilding its form of organization. The press This occasion is of especial interest and future development of this com­ and the public today judge it not by because this is the first instance where munity. In the effort to make Benham what it says but by what it does. We the management and operation of an ideal mining town, we are glad to also find the personal element exerted such a building have been given by provide this clubhouse, which we in corporations today as never before, our corporation to the Young Men's hope will prove its social and econom­ and I feel that because of this evolu­ Christian Association. Other corpo- HARVESTER WORLD 51

rations have shown much interest in wireless system which puts all man­ supreme physical test without long this organization. The railroad com­ kind in touch with their brothers— preparation, self-denial, perseverance, panies have been leaders in this re­ we at Chicago are earnestly trying to and a willingness to obey instructions. spect, and many industrial organiza­ think of your problems as you think No great work can be accomplished tions and the United States Govern­ of them, to see your difficulties and by anyone in any station of life with­ ment in the Canal Zone have followed to suggest plans which shall advance out doing a great deal that he would their example. The result has been our mutual interests here. like not to do. Our greatest success is that throughout the length and breadth As I see by the animation of this only secured by the man who does of our land has grown up a sympathy place and the interest in your faces what others say they cannot do. Re­ and a sentiment favorable to work that you share with me the enthusi­ solute determination, self-confidence, which is intended to be for the welfare asm for this occasion, I ask myself, and self-sacrifice are necessary to win. of our brothers—a work which has as I ask you, what is the thought Any man is defeated before he starts, this beneficial result, that upon its plat­ which has inspired the inception of if he feels that he cannot do the thing form can come together with equal this mining enterprise and has brought which is set before him to do—rather voice every man without regard to it to a successful consummation? Does he should feel with the knight of his station in life, or his personal, not a bond of friendship exist and olden times who said: "I know not political, or religious surroundings. grow stronger, as the work progresses, what the result will be, but the at­ The Young Men's Christian Associa­ between those who are brought to­ tempt I vow." Let us hope that the tion, as an organization for the bet­ gether hitherto strangers, but now work which we have started and terment and uplifting of mankind; for friends and partners in a great enter­ which finds its beginning tonight in the development of strong, manly prise for the upbuilding of a whole the dedication of this clubhouse, will Christian character; for promoting community? We all have the desire, have such a strong and beneficial good fellowship among men and and we all find pleasure in working effect upon this community that its developing the spirit of self-sacrifice each for the benefit of the other where influence will radiate from man to and of service, one for the other upon the result of our work can find con­ man, from valley to valley, and from common ground—has long passed the crete expression in such a successful mountain top to mountain top, until experimental stage or the need of industrial enterprise as has been found­ this message of peace and friendly special testimony with regard to the ed in this Kentucky valley. But this Christian good fellowship shall pene­ success of its world-wide influence and work of construction cannot be ac­ trate to the neighbors and hamlets its invaluable work in every com­ complished without laborious effort. and counties far beyond what we can munity. No athlete can equip himself for a estimate today. Let me assure you that, although in this quiet valley you feel a long way 1929 —On the Dedication of the Nettie Fowler McCormick Memorial Cottage. removed from the center of influence A Tribute Delivered at Hinsdale, Illinois. June 29, 1929. which guides this business, the dis­ tance is not as great as it seems to As we come together on this quiet cordial and happy union of hearts— you, and that through the medium of summer afternoon, when the beauty of a great enterprise for the well-being our common sympathy—that great nature is surrounding us, we feel the and welfare of the living. It is a beau­ sympathy and the repose that is found tiful, noble Memorial to those who here. This farm, which has been dedi­ have passed away. December 2, 1931. Mr. McCormick (seated, cated by Mr. Legge, has more than Here, we find rest if we are tired; fourth from right) at Harvester's entertainment of 1,200 4-H Club delegates at McCormick carried out all the hopes he had for it. if we are busy, we find repose. Thus works. It was Reaper Centennial day and he As we enter the gate we find not an the spirit of the Katherine Legge joined in congratulating the winners of the Company's Reaper Centennial Scholarship ordinary farm, not an ordinary coun­ Memorial is exemplified in this lovely contest honoring his father, Cyrus Hall Mc­ try place, but a place that means a place by the many people who appre- Cormick, the reaper's inventor.

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pip^Mlil^pilPIBIIIBIil^iiij^- t^^^^^mi^ 52 HARVESTER WORLD July, 1936 ciate what they have here not only comfort and happiness of the women fast and dear friend, Alex Legge. as a gift from Mr. Legge but as the of the Harvester Company. He has been the leader in all our busi­ expression of the sympathetic feeling Let us not forget the strength and ness; the sharer in our troubles and that unites the Harvester Company support which our Harvester organi­ our successes—respected and admired as a family. zation has received from that stead­ by every member of the organization. I was glad to hear my sister, in giving this building, link the names 1933 ^Remarks at the Unveiling of a Bust of Cyrus Hall McCormick in the of my mother and Katherine Legge. Old Hall of the Virginia House of Delegates, Richmond, Virginia, April 18,1933. Often have I thought, as history records the actions and activities of Governor Pollard, Ladies and Gentle­ multiplied the amount of grain a man those two remarkable women, how men: could harvest. It began the emancipa­ much they were alike in sympathy History is in one sense the record of tion of the farmer from the drudgery for others, and in personal ability the work of individuals who defi­ of hand labor. It supplied more and to bring things to pass. The out­ nitely influence the course of human cheaper bread to mankind. standing feature in both their lives events. We are gathered here today to The Commonwealth of Virginia is was their absorbing devotion to the commemorate the achievement of one putting its recognition of the man and interests of their husbands. Through such individual, out of whose labors his achievement in permanent form long years of toil, both of them helped came an event of high importance to by placing here in the Capitol at their husbands to overcome obstacles. this nation and to all the world. Richmond a bust of Cyrus Hall Mc­ They had no greater object in life than That step of progress had its begin­ Cormick. We, his descendants, in to help in making a success of the ning in this great Commonwealth of response to the invitation of Governor great things their husbands were Virginia. It was a revolutionary im­ Pollard, have been privileged to striving for, and no two men were provement in the methods of agricul­ present this bust and to participate in more persistently and successfully ture, widely sought and first brought this ceremony. We express to the devoted to a single cause than my to a successful solution in 1831 by Governor and to the Legislature, and father to his life's work, and my Cyrus Hall McCormick, a young through them to the Commonwealth dear friend, Alex Legge, to his life's Virginia farmer. He, first of all men, of Virginia, our deep appreciation of work. invented and demonstrated a device this signal tribute to our father. In And so it is natural and appropriate that made possible the successful reap­ thus honoring him, Virginia gathers that the names of these two women ing of grain by machinery and estab­ home to herself her son's achieve­ are linked together in a common lished the principles that have gov­ ment—the birth of modern agricul­ cause of great usefulness—their de­ erned all subsequent progress in me­ ture—begun within her borders and votion to the interests of women who chanical harvesting. His reaper greatly on her historic soil. are winning their own way in the world. I cannot say too much on this 1928—Ore Overcoming Obstacles. In an Address to the 4-H Club Delegates line for my mother, because as you at McCormick Works. December 6, 1928. heard from Mr. McKinstry her life was devoted to service and help­ INTRODUCTION OF MR. McCOR­ including myself, who doesn't like to fulness to others and with equal force MICK BY HIS SON, CYRUS: be called a boy. we say that the life of Katherine One who has solved many problems I believe I am not overstating it Legge was devoted to the helpful serv­ in the agricultural implement field, when I say that one of the warmest ice one woman feels toward another one who has instilled much of his welcomes you will have in Chicago doing the same kind of work. We all own creative spirit into the doing is the one that comes from the heart know how fully Katherine Legge was of things in the field of agricultural of this gathering here. I think you the embodiment of the heart and soul equipment, one who has put much will agree with me that for pep and of the Company in its expression of lovingness into his own daily life and for enthusiasm our greeting goes sympathy toward the girls, the women,, the daily lives of others, will now strong from our hearts to your hearts. and the families. speak to you. I introduce to you my This is a happy day for us. On the On this hallowed spot which Mr. father, the chairman of the Board of way down here one of the officers Legge has given in memory of his Directors of International Harvester, of our Company was riding with me, noble wife we may record our grati­ Cyrus H. McCormick. and he said, "This is the happiest tude to God for these two women who >tc 4< * day of the year for the Harvester meant so much to their husbands and Girls and Boys: I use that intro­ Company. to all of us. So we feel honored to duction because there is not a woman When I was asked to say just a few put into practical use this dormitory here who doesn't like to be called a words of welcome, I thought to my­ which will be devoted to the rest and girl, and there is not a man here, self, I must begin with a story. This J. .^jj^jijKk^ ^^,, lkl«i^.i^' November 30, 1932. Mr. McCormick joins with Alexander Legge in honoring national ^ prize winners in the 4-H Club organization. ^M ^« At Harvester's day-long entertainment of 1,200 club delegates at McCormick works. M story of mine is short, and it comes from the time of the Spanish War. When we laid our plans to invade 1 irf l Cuba and wrest its control from Spain there were in that island many in­ surgents who were in revolt against 1 'w^W^' ^ Spain and eagerly awaiting our coming. ^^ President McKinley felt that it was V^ very important that he should write a letter to General Garcia, in command of the insurgents. He wrote the letter, WH 1 but when he came to inquire where 'J^ l ;x Garcia was nobody could tell him, except that he was hiding somewhere in the remote fastnesses of Cuba. W 1 But one of the President's advisers said, "There is a fellow by the name of Rowan, and if anybody in God's boys, shows plainly that you have has been a healthy work; it has been world can find Garcia, Rowan can overcome obstacles; that you have a fine work, as you show here by your find him." So the letter was written. done the difficult thing; that you have appearance. Furthermore, you have Rowan put it in an oiled envelope, taken a deep interest in your work, gone through a concentration of your strapped it across his chest, and dis­ an intensive interest. Furthermore, it natures in order to meet strong, keen appeared. has been a happy work for you; it competition, and you have won out. In about five days he reached Cuba in an open boat, in the night time, and 1920—Ore Character, Study, and Health for Success. In Remarks to a disappeared into the mountain fast­ Harvester Salesmen's Training School. August 23, 1920. nesses. Three weeks later he emerged at the south side of Cuba, where the There is in South Africa a man of who go to college simply to have a boat was to meet him to bring back great importance named Rhodes, and good time. A Rhodes scholar has to be the reply. He had found Garcia and he established in some of the univer­ a man who is serious-minded and will he brought back the answer, although sities of England a scholarship which study. he had traveled all that time in a is called the Rhodes Scholarship. The third is almost, if not quite, as strange wild country, through forests This is very much prized, and the men important—he has to be a man of and swamps, through endless diffi­ who go to colleges in that country good physique, in good health. A culty. But he got there; he got back; strive to win a Rhodes Scholarship Rhodes scholar has to average high and the message was delivered to if they can. There are three qualifi­ in character, in study and athletics, Garcia and the reply was brought cations that the Rhodes Scholarship and that is why every Rhodes scholar back to McKinley. demands, and I do not think three that goes to Oxford or Cambridge is a Now the meaning of this story to better qualifications could be had for marked man, and they prize those me is that one of the strongest attri­ the Harvester Company or anyone fellows as much as they prize any butes anyone can have, if he wants to else. man in their universities. So I say to succeed, if he wants to win, is the de­ The first is that the man must be a you we could not have a better test termination to overcome all obstacles, man of fine character. A Rhodes for the young men coming into this for it is the overcoming of obstacles scholar cannot be a bum, a shyster, or business than to be sure first that they that strengthens the fiber of our a trifler. He has to be serious-minded; have fine characters, that they are natures. This story tells us that no a fine character at home. They first here for earnest study, and that they matter what we have to do, we must take the testimony of his home people like athletics and are fond of the do it—we must get there; and to get as to that. healthy open air. Any fellow who is in there honestly and truly is one of the Next he has to be a student—to be this business ought to be a man of finest achievements of mankind. willing to study. He is not there to strong physique, and if you are not Your very presence here, girls and pass his time away like a lot of fellows now I counsel you not to forget to '53 54 HARVESTER WORLD

take plenty of fresh air and exercise condition. and keep yourselves in good physical

I91T—Ore Harvester's Standards. In are Address to the Branch Managers. January 24, 1917. the energy, the success of the divisions In a guarded vault of one of the of this Company at home and abroad scientific institutions of Paris, where —far and near. Each branch manager, the temperature is always kept at a each blockman, each superintendent certain degree, is a steel rod, which of a plant, each collection manager, is the standard meter of the world. carries with him, as he goes to and It is an exact certain fraction of the cir­ fro about his business, the standard of cumference of the earth, and it is \ ept our Company, and by its standards sacredly as a standard to which all we are judged. Let us aim high be­ standards of measurement can be re­ cause our objectives are high—our ferred. Let me remind you gentlemen ideals are high—and let us stand to­ that the standards of our Company gether, bearing the burdens, sharing are safely guarded in the hearts, in the the successes, one of the others, minds, and in the consecrated efforts carrying out in the fullest degree in of the men who have come together our work the sentiment: "One for all tonight, and of all the others, who, and all for one." like you, represent the intelligence,

1922—On Two Important Archaeological Discoveries during a Trip Abroad. From an Address "The Surprises of Sardis" delivered before the Chicago Literary Club. January 8, l922.

mountain side two miles down hill on The present report records two a winding road paved with cobble­ October 31, 1929. Mr. McCormick leading procession with Dr. John Timothy Stone at events of great archaeological value stones. This slide was made in basket ceremonies marking end of first hundred years coming within the personal observa­ vehicles on runners shod with steel, of service of Presbyterian Theological Semi­ nary, Chicago, and beginning of the second tion of your emissary on a trip to like the oxcarts. The attendant who hundred with Dr. Stone s installation as presi­ North Africa and the Near East last went with the sled walked or ran be­ dent. spring. * * * » hind, and every now and then jumped MADEIRA: The first stop was on to a step at the back of the basket fifty miles an hour, as he pleases. The Funchal, Madeira Islands, suggest­ and, holding on to the sides, added sights and scenes as one passes are ing delicious wine and a delightful weight and momentum. * * * deeply interesting, owing to the climate—a veritable fairyland in the ALGIERS: Algiers is the leading strange people and their homes, their profusion of its plant life. Wc had city of northern Africa. Its bay is one agriculture, and their method of living. two experiences which were entirely of the most beautiful in the world. * + * novel. The first was the ride we had As one's boat approaches the shore, MARKET DAYS: Just as the con­ from the dock to the hotel. The it seems as if the city were built tier on vention and the conference in Europe conveyance in which we were trans­ tier, rank on rank, of high buildings, and America are the result of the ported was a two-seated vehicle on all having large columns in front and theory of collectivity in our countries, long steel-shod runners, like a snow round arches. This effect arises from so the market day to the Arabs gives sled, drawn by two oxen who moved the fact that the level of the main them the long-looked-for opportunity sedately at a walk. The steel-shod city is one hundred feet above the of gathering together from long dis­ sled slid not over the ground, but over docks. The ascent is made by im­ tances. As we journeyed we found the smooth, round surfaces of cobble­ mense ramps. * * * market days everywhere: at Michelet, stones, which are used for the pave­ ROADS FOR MOTORING: North­ Tizi-Ouzou, Kerata, Setif, and Tim- ment of all the streets of the city. ern Africa is a paradise for motorists. gad. The farmers start early the pre­ The driver of the sledge carried with The roads are smooth, there are few ceding day and travel with their him an oiled rag that every now and sudden turns, and the traffic over sheep, their cattle and their produce, then he put under the runners, thus them IS very light. There are no speed on donkeys and in rough little carts. lubricating them. * * * laws, and no special dangers, for one * * * The second strange experience was can see the road a long way ahead. The innumerable little tents, the sliding from, a restaurant on the The traveler can motor at twenty or simple picnicking meals, the intolera- HARVESTER WORLD 55 ble collection of flies (especially in children in each family, who are in To walk along the streets where are those parts of the market where meat the charge of the older wife, leaving still the ruts made by the Roman and fish are sold), the great amount the younger wife free to enjoy herself. chariots and to see the doors and of truck in the form of cheap jewelry Their conditions of hygiene—all living pillars, and the remains of the theatre, and unnecessary trinkets of every kind, in one room without any window and forum, and the library, just where make the whole atmosphere of the depending on the door for air and they were placed by the Romans, is market deeply interesting to the light—are so bad that only an average most impressive. traveler from abroad. * * * of one-third the children ever reach ]|c « 4t KABYLES: Our road lay along maturity, and a child's funeral is a EL KANTARA: The motoring up the coast directly eastward. We soon matter of daily occurrence. to this time had been through luxur­ came into the Djur Djur Mountains, BOUGIE: This thriving capital of iant fields, orchards of olives, cypress and on crossing one of the lower Kabylia is a compact and very in­ and sycamore trees, and now the wall ranges we went through Kabylia and teresting city. It has all the energy of mountains, through or over which Little Kabylia, and there we found and thrift which accompany the at­ we must pass, seemed to close to­ the Kabyles, a people of whom we mosphere in which the Kabyles live, gether and bar our progress; but at had never heard. Their race is older as compared with the lethargy and the very last moment a narrow niche than the Arabs; they are supposed to laissez faire which characterize the was discovered at the bottom of which come from the Berbers, but this is Arabs. lay a stream, weaving its way through one of the unsolved ethnological prob­ « * * the El Kantara Mountains. Dropping lems. They speak a different language En-Nasr (1062.-1088), the most pow­ through this cleft in the mountain from the Arabs, and have different erful of the Berber Dynasty of Ham- range, we found ourselves in a few customs, but their costumes are prac­ mad, made Bougie the seat of his moments emerging on the opposite tically the same. They are more ener­ government, and it became the great­ side, where all was bleak and deso­ getic and enterprising. * * * est commercial center of the North late sand—the beginning of the Great The family relations of the Kabyles African coast, attaining a high de­ Desert which we had come to see, are most novel and yet exceedingly gree of civilization. with its sand dunes, small bunch * * * happy. The men buy their wives from grass, and numerous little flowers, the girls' fathers, paying two hun- The Italian merchants of the twelfth very minute in size, but very exquisite red francs for an ordinary girl, while and thirteenth centuries owned in quality of finish and texture. eight hundred francs is the maximum numerous buildings in the city, such as Having passed the wall of rock, all for the most beautiful or the most warehouses, baths, and churches. At was now changed; there was no grass, attractive. They may have as many the end of the thirteenth century there were no cool shady spots under as three wives if they can afford it. If Bougie passed under the dominion of the trees; the bleak and blistering after a fair trial either party for any the Hafsides, and in the fifteenth stretches of sand, which absorbed the reason is not satisfied with the other, century it became one of the strong­ sun, and consequently made it very holds of the Barbary pirates. the. girl returns to the father, who, hot for the traveler during the day— * * * however, does not return the money. all this contributed to make a severe * * * TIMGAD: Tinigad is the largest in contrast to what had been our daily There are usually from six to nine area of any ruined Roman city. portion up to this point. BISKRA: Biskra is a large and beautiful oasis one and one-half miles square. It has two excellent hotels, and is a thriving business center for fitting out caravans. Here camels arc kept near the hotels for such adven­ turous travelers as wish to be photo­ graphed on their backs, even though they have never ridden one, and do not care to go into the desert. * * * Biskra used to be the last town before going into the desert, but now the railway carries one one hundred miles

About 1920. The Board of Trustees partici­ pating in ceremonies of Princeton University. Mr. McCormick is marching, second pair, left. 56 HARVESTER WORLD July, 1936

farther to Touggourt. * * * where they are to be used, the tents lie down flat on the sand. The animals TOUGGOURT: Touggourt is the being pitched always in a circle. The close their eyes and turn their heads southern terminus of the railway, and outfit of a modern caravan includes towards the storm. The men use their is the last outpost before getting into iron bedsteads and washstands; burnous capes and the white sashes the heart of the desert. * * * papier mache pitchers and bowls to around their heads (which they call The starting of the caravan into the wash in; canvas pitchers for bringing shaish) to make a complete covering desert is a great event. Very early in water; pails; rugs to spread on.the for their ears, noses and mouths, the morning the camel men begin to sand inside the tent; and mirrors to and as they lie prone upon the ground load the camels. This is done while hang on the tent poles. The kitchen the force of the storm is spent over the beasts are kneeling, and while the has to have an iron stove, in addition them, but when the storm is over they loading process is taking place the to which trenches are dug in the sand. are half covered with the fresh sand camel bellows, snarls, and cries like a The cooks become very expert, burn­ which has blown upon them. wounded cow. As soon as the load is ing kindling and firewood in the Hf * * adjusted and the cords binding the trench, and making a horizontal spit Having referred to the natural dif­ burden are tightened upon him, he on which they can roll and roast the ficulties of the desert, it must be said gets up and stands patiently and carcass of a sheep or chickens or other that the impression made upon the quietly for any amount of time. The meats for the table. mind of the ordinary European or adjustment of this burden so that it THE DESERT: The popular im­ American traveler is awe-inspiring. bears evenly on each side constitutes pression of the desert is a level plain The lure of the desert is inexplicable. one of the accomplishments of the of sand limited only by a far horizon. It is real and positive. To one who has camel men; and as each animal carries Such a condition is almost unknown, enjoyed its magnificence, its silence, from four hundred to six hundred for the desert is in reality a vast, its mystery, its sunrises and sunsets, pounds this adjustment must be skill­ solidified ocean, such as one sees in a its gentle winds, and its sand storms, fully made; otherwise he could not wild storm, where the distance from its heat and its cold, there comes a travel comfortably during the day. the top of the wave to the bottom is longing that is irresistible to stand As a beast of burden the camel is a ten to fifteen feet or more. The effect again where nothing can be seen necessity in the desert. * • * But of the wind upon the sand of the de­ from horizon to horizon but these study and practice are necessary to the sert is exactly the same as the effect interminable ridges of sand. It is one rider to accommodate himself to the of the wind upon the ocean; it raises of the evidences of the majesty of peculiar motion of the camel. His the sand into hillocks and cuts deep nature; the manifestation of God's gait produces a twisting, rotary effect, valleys, and these are always shifting, power that draws the human mind which is quite unpleasant until much so that nothing is permanent. The instinctively and irresistibly away practice shows one how to relax com­ trail of the caravan is constantly from itself and its petty troubles and pletely from the waist up and yield to winding through these little valleys, difficulties to consider the handiwork the swinging gait instead of trying to over the sand hills along the sand crests of the Almighty. fight against it. * * * and ridges and down again into the NEFTA: The popular idea of an In traveling through the desert, it little valleys, so that it is constantly oasis in the desert is a little patch of is customary for the travelers and up and down, in and around. Where green a few hundred yards square, a their camels to leave one-half hour there is a definite trail, as from group of palm trees, a few small before the camp is finally broken up. Touggourt to the next oasis, it is houses, and a well. This idea evi­ They then stop and rest at noon one marked by building stone pillars every dently comes from the pictures which hour or an hour and a half. The pack five kilometers, and as there arc no we saw in the family bibles showing, animals which start one-half hour later fog and no clouds to obstruct the view, in the Old Testament, an oasis in the in themorning travel without stopping these stones make a safe and satisfac­ desert. The real oasis is quite a dif­ until five o'clock in theevening,sothat tory substitute for a compass. ferent affair. At Nefta, for instance, they overtake and pass the travelers * itf Hf out of the great sand dune more than and go on, reaching the camping point A sand storm is another of the ele­ one hundred feet high, pours a river for the night one-half to one hour ments of danger and terrific force. thirty or forty feet wide, and three or earlier than do the travelers, so that No man or beast can stand or travel four feet deep. The luxuriant verdure when the latter arrive they find the in the face of a sand storm. Picture to produced by this water makes Nefta tents all pitched and the camp made yourself the heaviest rain that you an advantageous place for living, and for the night. In pitching tents for the have seen, where the water seems to the inhabitants lead the water off in night the camels are halted in the form come down in buckets, and then sub­ irrigating streams to right and left of a circle. They are unloaded in this stitute sand for the rain, and you have over a large territory, a mile and a form, and therefore requirements for an idea of the force and violence of a half long by a mile wide. The growth making camp are in the position sand storm. Men and animals at once in this area, which is constantly 1934 — Mr. McCormick (front row, fourth from left) at the annual reunion of the Princeton class of '79; Robert Bridges (front row, first), president of the class. E. P. Davis (seated, back row, third from left), lifelong friend, wrote this poem, "Cyrus," October 21, 1932, as d tribute to his friend: CYRUS

WALDEN and CAMP, October, 1932

Silent, in autumn glories all bedight. His forest speaks to him its own refrain, Mantled in royal robes of red and gold. A silent sympathy in man and tree; Rank upon rank, in splendors manifold, Old Nature has her own felicity They stand and wait, through days and star gemmed nights. In sun and cloud, in sunshine and in rain. They wait his coming, he, their lord and friend; The North Wind plays upon the forest harp So like them in his nature; he whose soul A mighty hymn of power and sentient praise; Is steadied by rock rooted firm control. The breath of Night, so gentle, scarce can raise Enduring, like his forest, to the end. A ripple on the lake where he embarks. Trees live upon the earth, they drink the rain. And tree and hill and lake and brooding clouds They stretch their pleading hands up towards the stars; Reflect his mood, who, like a sturdy tree. He lives among mankind in mists of tears. Rooted in Truth and fed with constancy. He steadfast stands till sunshine comes again. Stands now with autumn splendor all endowed; His forest-growth, decay, and tender shoot, The glory of a life of noble truth, A silent drama of our transient days. The charm of loving kindness and of trust. He reads the play; he can the tale appraise; His treasure house secure from moth and rust. No phase of forest life to him remote. Imperishable strength of constant youth. So, like his trees, he stands in sun or storm: The primal crust beneath this earthly sod. Like them, he pierces through and lives with God, watered, is luxuriant in the extreme. Beyond the mists of tears and Earth's alarms. All kinds of palms, including the date palm which furnishes nutritious food, ENVOY Steadfast as stars and kindly as the sun. all kinds of the finest live oaks, All we who love him know what he has done; bamboo and palmetto thrive in abun­ He plays a noble and a splendid part. dance. * * * Lord Manor of the Woods and King of Hearts! October 21, 1932. Nefta is one of the most beautiful of all the oases of the desert, because of the variety and number of trees and a great plain, this magnificent ruin tain occasions, the destruction of plants, the beauty of the gardens, and calls itself to the traveler's attention human beings by the hungry beasts. the depth of the shade which is made many miles before the straight road At present there is only an Arab by the thickly growing palms. reaches its gate. On going in and village here, but it is the site of * « * around it one finds about the same Thysdrus, which, in the late Roman TOZEUR: Tozeur is the point where plan as the Roman amphitheater in age, was one of the most thriving the railroad from the coast of Sfax other parts of the world—the same towns near the east coast, and the comes down to meet the desert. • * * tiers of seats rising one above the junction of seven roads. Here we left our caravan and pro­ other; the same general construction KAIROUAN: Mecca is well known ceeded by train to Sfax. of the halls; the same underground as the sacred city of the Moham­ EL DJEM: Proceeding north from rooms leading off the general passage­ medans, and a trip to Mecca will wipe Sfax by motor the first point of general way; and the same dungeons for the away all sin and bring complete ab­ interest is the Roman amphitheater Christians and dens for the lions, so solution to the pilgrim; but there are of El Djem. Standing in the midst of that the populace could see, on cer­ thousands who cannot make a jour- 57 58

April 4, 1934. He liked the Harvester Club luncheons and is shown here about to listen to his nephew. Fowler McCormick, address the Club, Stevens Hotel, Chicago. At right, F. B. Schwarer and Harold F. McCormick.

ney to Mecca, and therefore Kairouan was designated as a holy city of the next importance. A mathematical organized by Byron Khun de Prorok. wide and two miles and a half long. ratio was even established to the effect He says, "We discovered two Punic From Piraeus we went to Athens. that seven pilgrimages to Kairouan temples, a Punic necropolis of 700 Two days spent there with Professor would equal in their beneficial effect B. C, a Roman villa, and an early Hill, the local director of the Am­ upon the individual one trip to Mecca. Christian basilica." The excavation erican School of Classical Studies, * * * at Carthage has been going on steadily are more than equal to a week investi­ TUNIS: It is the largest and most for a year. They have a vast quantity gating by one's self. Under the guid­ important city of Tunisia, and next of material unearthed, especially an ance of Professor Hill the Acropolis to Algiers is the most important city extraordinary mosaic which happened took on added beauty and historical in northern Africa. It is under French to be uncovered the very day that I interest as he described the buildings protection and it emulates the growth was there. This mosaic, a skillful de­ as they originally stood. * * • and prosperity of Algiers, which is sign in flowers, belonged in a place SMYRNA: Another twenty-four under French control. Tunis has over built about 50 B. C, and is one of the hours' sail from Piraeus through the two hundred thousand inhabitants, most beautiful of its kind ever dis­ islands of the Aegean Sea brought us and all the modern conveniences of covered in northern Africa. This dis­ to Smyrna, and we were soon in the trams, excellent hotels, libraries and covery, speaking archaeologically, midst of the strange sights and scenes physicians. * * • was one of great importance, and it to be found there. * * * While visiting Tunis it was my good was so valued by the French Govern­ There was no sign of the furious fortune to participate in one of the two ment that they gave to M. Byron conflagration, either political or phy­ great archaeological discoveries noted Khun de Prorok the decoration of the sical, that later swept over that city. at the beginning of this paper. Legion of Honor for his skill and his The American Y. M. C. A. and EXCAVATIONS AT THE OLD persistency in this work. • * * Y. W. C. A. were actively promoting SITE OF CARTHAGE have been With our departure from Tunis, the their work among the people; the going on for many years. The chro­ first act of our drama was ended, and Greek merchants had control of the nology of Carthage is this: Founded in a second act begun. My three com­ trade of the town; the Turks were 850 B. C. by the Phoenicians, it rose panions returned home by another quiet, unobtrusive and obedient; and to its height of prosperity in 550 B. C, route and I went on alone to join my the Greek government felt that it had and became a military and commercial younger son who was working at a permanent hold upon the country— center of first importance. The first Sardis with a group of Princeton men. this notwithstanding the fact that Punic war occurred in 165 B. C, and A night's sail from Tunis brought us according to the mandate they had in 146 B. C. the city was destroyed to Palermo, where we remained a day agreed to submit to a plebiscite after by the Romans, when that memorable and visited Monreale, that wonderful fifteen years the question of whether edict went forth, "Carthago delenda cathedral, the walls of which are en­ they were to stay or leave. est." In 12.2. B. C. it was rebuilt by the tirely covered with beautiful mosaics SARDIS: Having received advice Romans, but again abandoned after —some of the finest in existence. from Sardis, which was the objective fifty years. Julius Caesar in 14 B. C. From Palermo, another night's sail of our journey, that sundry furnish­ reestablished the colony. In 439 A. D. brought us to Naples, that beauty ings, foods and liquids would be very the Byzantine army defeated the spot of Italy, which is the setting for welcome to the men who were work­ Vandal king who held it, and in 533 that wonderful poem, "Drifting." ing for the Society for the Excava­ A. D. it started on the road to recover Here the beautiful city, the great tion of Sardis, we complied with all the prosperity it had had as a Roman volcano Vesuvius, and a string of the suggestions so fully that when we city. The Byzantines flourished there islands encircling the bay, make a arrived at three o'clock on a beautiful until 698 A. D., when the Arabs charming scene which is not surpassed spring afternoon it required two trips captured the city and entirely de­ anywhere in the world. From Naples of a little donkey cart to convey to the stroyed it, so that fifteen hundred the train took us to Brindisi, and a building occupied by the members of years have now rolled placidly over steamer to Corfu. * * * From Corfu, the company the supplies we had its ruins, and it has been untouched. we sailed to Patras and Piraeus via the brought. During the last winter an expedition Corinth Canal. This is a straight cut in The scene as we approached Sardis to make excavations in Carthage was the earth, two hundred and fifty feet was a memorable one—the little rail- HARVESTER WORLD 59 way station was a mile and a half from two the upward-trending valley soon and I will hang his hide high, where the camp and as the train pulled away merged into the slope of the range the fowls of the air can feed upon we found ourselves looking up to the of hills in front of us. A warm wel­ him." high hills to the south of us, and in all come and a delicious supper, with a So the runner, to escape the royal other directions a vast and beautiful crackling fire as the evening settled wrath, slunk into a corner, and plain extended to the distant moun­ down upon the camp, brought us Croesus ordered for the next day a tains, which were blue upon the hori­ into this delightful atmosphere of re­ review of his glittering army that he zon. The afternoon was warm, the search, energetic working and sys­ might feast his eyes upon the strength sky was clear, the air was a soft tematic planning to reach a great and flower of his fighting soldiers. summer air, and after all our journey- objective—the unraveling of mysteries Many years of innocuous desuetude ings by sea and by land, by muleback, which have been buried for hundreds in the war business, wearing medals by railway and by motor car, it seemed of years, the opening of the volumes of won from former conflicts without the as if we had reached a veritable Para­ the past through the insight which practice of more recent struggles, dise where there was plenty of time archaeology and modern methods give tempers tried by favoritisms in the for walking and where no pressure of to the student who searches the annals army, jealousies of one general for immediate need required any special of by-gone ages. * * * another, failure of the quarter-mas­ exertion to be made. Half a mile of Here the curtain falls while the ter's department to keep the soldiers walking brought us to the tall stone scene shifters set the stage for the supplied with proper and adequate columns of the old Temple of Artemis next scene. When the curtain rises, we rations—these and many other causes To the left-hand there rose a sharp- find Croesus, the Lydian King, at the had started dissensions in the ranks, pointed hill which was formerly the height of his glory in 546 B. C. By so that when the review was called Acropolis, which overlooked the city good judgment and close attention to the next day there were mutterings of Sardis. Through the valley flowed the ruling of his people and an extra­ and complaints. * * * a stream, the Pactolus, far-famed in ordinary ability to turn his way all On came the Persian army, not so history as the river in which gold the streams of gold which flowed trained, not keeping step in their was found. On the right was an into his kingdom, he had won for march to the bag-pipes or the hurdy- equally high hill and between these himself the proud distinction of being gurdy, but an immense number of the richest ruler that had ever lived. bronzed, well-seasoned, hard-muscled The possession of great riches had fighters who had been inspired by evidently produced upon him a lethar­ their ruler to try issue with the gic effect, and he considered because Lydian King, so that Cyrus and not he was the richest, he was also the Croesus would be acclaimed the great­ greatest and most powerful ruler on est ruler in the world. On they came earth. Having had a strong standing like the seventeen-year locusts—no army upon which he could rely for one locust or no one man being very his conquests he had evidently de­ powerful, but the prodigious number pended upon them to retain their dis­ causing astonishment to all who saw cipline and prestige without himself the army slowly passing by. They attending to their daily drills to see reached Sardis, and sent to Croesus a that they were constantly up to con­ demand for surrender. He flung back cert pitch in their fighting form. an equally haughty, defiant challenge, So when in the early spring a panting couched in unmentionable language, messenger dashed into Sardis, the using a choice list of contemptuous home town where Croesus and his names in characterizing Cyrus and board of home-made aldermen were his forces—names and adjectives in­ ruling, bringing the news that another tended to strike terror to the heart of great potentate, a rival of Croesus— the enemy. But epithets could not win King Cyrus—with his Persian hordes, a battle, and King Cyrus threw his was on his way towards Sardis to lines around the city and laid siege. dispute with Crdcsus the ownership For fourteen days no man could get of the then known earth, Croesus inside the city, and none could come laughed that well-known laugh of out without paying the penalty of satisfaction and derision, as much his life. On the fourteenth day the as to say, "Let the swine come on. great catapults were brought up. April, 1922. Mr. McCormick at site of Sardis, Let this upstart pretender who claims The wooden doors of the fortified city capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia, Asia to have rank with me show himself. were battered down, and the Persian Minor. 60

April 13, 1922. Mr. McCormick (at left, wearing cap) inspecting the excavation where he had witnessed a remarkable archeological event, the discovery of the thirty gold coins of Croesus (first ruler to mint government- stamped coins), historically known to have been buried in 546 B.C. hordes attacked the Lydian defenders and overwhelmed them. During the siege, one of the richest two thousand four hundred and sixty- America, are searching here and there men in Croesus' court came to him eight years on the stage of the world! looking for some sign of an ancient and said, "What will happen, O King, As the curtain rises we see a broad tomb or some hint of the location of if these Persian dogs should by any field, on which sheep are grazing. the buried city. Digging at random chance get into our city? Their num­ During years which have intervened on the gentle slope where the sheep bers far exceed the number of our de­ great earthquakes have occurred, earth have been grazing, one of the Turks fenders. I have through your assist­ has been hurled over the city of with his pick happens to touch some­ ance and guidance, O Croesus, amassed Sardis, the temple has been destroyed, thing that seems like a stone, but on quite a fortune for a humble man like the houses have been buried, and feeling it with his fingers, he finds it me. I have stood in with you on nothing is seen but two columns has a curved, smooth surface, and he many a job which, with your royal which rise from out the level grass- knows that it is an earthen pot. assistance, was crystallized into gold. covered field. Archaeological students Laying aside his pick, he takes his I have saved what to me is a fortune. from New York and Princeton have knife and gently cuts away the earth I have thirty gold staters, upon which in the meantime found their way to until the pot is released. As the Turk are imprinted your royal lion and this far-off land. The columns pro­ lifts the pot and places it upon the your bull. I fear that our Pactolus truding out of the ground have in­ greensward, he feels that it is heavy, National Bank may be raided in case dicated to them the location of the and he hears an ominous clink! He these cattle from the outside should Temple of Artemis. They have ex­ picks it up, and again a clink I He get in to our preserve. I implore you, cavated and found rich archaeological realizes that there is something within! therefore, O King Croesus, to give treasures, but their searching has He calls the officer in charge of me good advice where I may put my been interrupted by another war— operations for the day, William Berry, staters for safe keeping." very unlike that which overwhelmed who comes at once. He sees the pot on Croesus was too busy to answer the Croesus and much more deadly. the grass, feels its weight, hears the question of his subject, and the banker After this great World War, the noticeable clink, and with his pen­ therefore went and took counsel with students have again returned to the knife takes the earth from the neck himself. He could not trust his own quest, and the quiet valley hears no of the bottle! A gleam of gold meets bank, so he concluded that he would sound but that of the pick and his gaze! He empties the contents of put his money where he could get it shovel, as a small group of Turks, the jar on the grass, and there before whenever he wanted it. He dug a hole guided by these excavators from his astonished eyes runs a river of outside of his own residence, and there gold of a kind never before seen within at the dead of night deposited in an the memory of modern man! Thirty earthen jar his coins. Two days later burnished coins roll out, each one when the Persians battered down the polished as if it had just come from gates and overwhelmed the city, the mint. Paralyzed with amazement, Sardis was in an upheaval. The cap­ he puts the coins immediately back italist, to whom we have referred, into the pot, and carries the jar in was drawn into the maelstrom, and triumph to the camp just as the noon although he tried to keep away from hour calls the men in from their re­ personal danger, one of the Persians spective labors. The excitement in the impaled him with his long spear, camp is intense. Every man present and with him died the secret of his knows the significance of the find— hidden treasure. the greatest numismatic discovery that has ever been made. Only twelve Here the curtain falls and when it Croesus coins had existed in the rises again it denotes the passing of world, and year after year archaeo­ April 2, 1922. Mr. McCormick pausing at logists wondered why more had not Naples, Italy, on his way from the archaeo­ logical discoveries at the site of Carthage, been found. Here is a reward for Tunisia, North Africa, to those at Sardis in months of patient toil, sacrifice and Asia Minor. HARVESTER WORLD 61

March 29, 1922. Mr. McCormick on the site Persian, it so happened that after the of Carthage, Tunisia, North Africa. lapse of two thousand four hundred and sixty-eight years another of the Excavation of Sardis. same name was present to see them As the curtain falls on this scene, as they were brought into the sun­ one of the excavators, who stood in light after their long rest. the wings and saw this scene of the The finding of this notable collec­ play while it was being acted, re­ tion of coins and the failure to locate marked upon this interesting coinci­ exactly Croesus' ancient capital—to dence: While originally the coins were those who have labored long and hidden away to avoid the searching earnestly in this inspiring search—arc gaze of the followers of Cyrus the the surprises of Sardis.

1931 — Ore the Centennial of the Reaper, A New Year's Message Published in the Harvester World, January, 1931. The year 1931 will be of exceptional sparingly, untiringly, to improvement import and inspiration to the world­ of both the machine and the system. scientific effort. As each member sees wide Harvester family because it With this challenge from the past, these gold coins it is hard to believe brings the One Hundredth Anniver­ we Harvester men and women of the testimony of his eyes, but finally sary of my father's invention of the today hold in trust another tradition each realizes that a great discovery Reaper. With that event a new era that traces through the century to the has been made! dawned for agriculture and a new same source—the tradition of service It will be remembered that Croesus epoch of human progress began. Then to agriculture. As it was with the was the first ruler in the world who out of the Reaper came the farm inventor of the Reaper, so we should put the official stamp of the govern­ implement industry, through which all let usefulness to the farmer be the ment upon gold to make it pass as modern agriculture and modern prog­ goal of our aspiration and the test of current coin with a definite value. ress have been made possible. our achievement. Metals had been used before as money, The inventive genius of this great As the Harvester Company partici­ but with no definite standard, value, pioneer is our Company's heritage. pates in the celebration of the Reaper or shape. These coins are lumps of We are also the heirs of his remarkable Centennial throughout 1931, we can gold weighing about one-quarter of business-building genius. Having cre­ look with pride on what we have thus an ounce, shaped oval like a lozenge; ated the first practical agricultural far done with our heritage. We can they are stamped on one side with the machine, he developed a commercial look forward with new vision and head of a lion and the head of a bull system to put it within the reach of new determination to our stewardship facing each other. * * * the farmer—and he gave himself un- of the future. That this locality is the site of the ancient city of Sardis has been proved by a number of inscriptions in Greek, Aramaic, and Lydian. Many Lydian inscriptions, which are probably the key to the history of Lydia, have been found. The Lydian language has not as yet been deciphered, although translations of some Lydian inscrip­ tions have been found in Aramaic. Earlier excavations at Sardis have brought to light one silver coin of the time of Croesus, but none of the gold. When the fire consumed Smyrna, it was feared that the Croesus coins which had been deposited there for safety had been burned, but their April 18, 1933. Mr. McCormick (third from left) addressed the large gathering of Virginians custodian got them away, and they and others present at the unveiling of a bust of Cyrus Hall McCormick in the Old Hall of the now rest safely in New York, under Virginia House of Delegates at Richmond (see excerpt, page 52). Left to right: Fowler McCormick, Cyrus McCormick, Jr., Mr. McCormick, Governor John Garland Pollard, the protection of the Society for the and Harold F. McCormick. 62 HARVESTER WORLD July, 1936 POEMS BY CYRUS H. McCORMICK

Throughout the span of his long career the range and not far short of the work of recognized poets. Writing teas in the main ifuality of Mr. McCormick*s mind found expression in literary accom­ an avocation with him. He was a practiced amateur in the world of plishment. His intimate familiarity u>ith metrical form and lyric style, literature and never seriously considered bringing his work to the point hia sound appreciation of poetry, are apparent to any one who has had of publication. Nevertheless, this record of the crowded life of Cyrus the privilege of going over the many manuscripts now treasured by the McCorniick would not be complete without inclusion of a few examples McCormick family. From his undergraduate days at Princeton and on to expressive of this literary talent. The following poems and verses reflect the latter years of his life he found time out from manifold more serious facets of Mr. McCormick^s mind entirely unsuspected by many of his activities to express himself in compositions that in many instances fall associates in other fields of accomplishment.

THE PRIDE OF MAN WINTER FAIRIES

(Loss of the Titanic) (,These verses with their whimsical interpretation of innter*s work demonstrate the kinship with nature that Mr. McCormick revealed (T/ie pride of man and humility of heart—-verses of true in ntany of his activities. Lowell, or Whittier, might have dealt thus with epic quality whose tragic theme marks their year —1912.) kindred themes.)

Man saith, in his pride: "I am lord of the land, I am lord of In Winter when the fields are white, the waters deep; Deep-mantled with soft snow. I am able to trace the stars thru space, and I know the paths The woods present a wondrous sight they keep. Where spruce and balsam grow. I can feel the touch of the earth's distress ere the slightest shock appears. The ever-green majestic trees And I all but hear, with the human ear, the music of the Lift up their branches tall. spheres. And myriad flakes, like swarming bees, I have found the way to prolong life when there seems but In gathering clusters fall. little hope; A new world lies 'neath my wondering eyes in my powerful So gently comes each little flake. microscope. As in a fairy scene, The earth is an open book to me, as I tread where the Ages The weirdest silhouettes they make have trod. Against the wall of green. One thing alone is still unknown, 'tis the Will and the Voice of God. " They rest on twigs, they cling to bark, They robe dead leaves in white; Man said, in his pride: "I will build a ship to express the The deep swamp with its shadows dark power I feel; They fill with darts of light. I will make it stronger, and finer and longer, than anything ribbed with steel; Upon the strong branch of a spruce I will give it engines to make it move with a speed no others There is a long-eared hound, attain; And here the fairies introduce I will prove its might, it shall win the fight with the fog and the A cat that makes no sound. wind and the rain." Man acted in pride, but woe betide the boasts that mere man There is a white fish, with no hooks, can make! And yet a little line. He gave the decree: "I will conquer the sea, and nothing And yonder is a bunch that looks my power can break." Just like a porcupine. So he sent the ship on its perilous trip, and drove it thru fog and floe A bear cub climbing up a tree; At a fearful cost, for the ship was lost and the world was filled A fox without a tail; with woe. A white dove looking down at me; A turtle cold and pale! Man says, in his pride; "I am lord of the land, I am lord of the waters deep!" Numberless shapes the snowflakes make What vaunts are these if he never sees where the hand of Death Falling from cloudy skies— may reap; Beautiful pictures thus arrayed If his thoughts are first for the glittering prize of a "maiden To gladden human eyes. record" made. November 29-30, 1922 Or his grasping hand o'ercomes the land, and his honor is lost in trade? Will the scroll of modern progress show that we measure our success By the records won and the swift deeds done, tho' the weak THE GOD OF PEACE sink in distress? Better the days of the slower ship and the days of the lumbering O God of Peace and Justice cart, Grant I may always know if the pace we set makes us forget humility of heart. Thy special Grace in every place April 21, 1912 Where Thou dost bid me go. HARVESTER WORLD 63

"TESTIN' THE SPRINGS" AD SODALES (In these informal verses Mr. McCormick borrows a quaint (/n literary composition, youth deals more readily expression, current in early Virginia and adopted by the children, and than age with the imponderables of human existence. This poem, embroiders around it a bit of basic philosophy. Written in 1902—' when the written more than half a century ago, and suggesting the work newly formed International Harvester Company was bringing new bur­ of William Cullen Bryant, today serves an admirable purpose in dens and responsibilities into Mr. McCormick^s life.) bringing to a close this brief biography of its author, Cyrus H. McCormick.) There's a time fer work an' weariness An' there's a time fer play, The years are tides in Life's eternal sea. W'en yer burdens should be lightened up And we, like those who sail a devious course. An' pleasure lead the way. Make camp upon the strand of anchorage; Then there's time fer restin'— Compare the voyage, the joys, the dangers passed; An' the benefit it brings Build camp fires from the driftwood of the Past, I reckon you'll be feelin' And share good cheer, and drink a generous health Ef you'll In friendship's wine, and tell our fortunes o'er. test And some have won a precious store of gain. those springs. And sail full freighted from a golden realm; And some have sailed through the enchanted seas Ef the day has gone agin you Of pure delight, amid the flowering isles An' yer temper's out uv gear; Of fancy's bloom and sweet affection's joys, Ef your crop is bad, how kin you To tropic land of full requited love. Help a-bein' cross and queer? Well, sich troubles fade to nothingness Oh silver sea of sweet felicity! An' care goes off on wings, And some have voyaged mid the storied wealth W'en three little voices beg you Of treasured Art's embodiments divine; Jest to Where, through the winding maze of history's stream. test Rise silent splendors of long perished men. those And monumental glories richly wrought. springs. Oh voyage rare! Oh ecstasy sublime! Then the children get yer slippers But what are these sad trophies which we bring An' yer quilted dressin' gown. To form a wreath about a funeral shrine; An' they find the softest pillow The broken fragments of untimely wreck. An' coax you to lie down; The unspoken message of our comrades lost? So you soon forget yer worry Our comrades lost! And yet this tossing sea An' a hundred tiresome things, Of fitful life breaks on a farther shore Ef you jest give up, a little while. In rolling splendor, where the high palms wave To A welcome to the victor; sea and sky test Shine gloriously in glittering robes of light. those springs. This land which waits expectant like a queen To welcome faithful hearts, and lays the hand W'en you tell uv the Hereafter, Of gentle honors on the weary brow. An' how much the preachers say Pledges deep draughts of sweet forgetfulness — LIv the glorious things in Heaven The blessed land of honorable death. An' the pomp uv Jedgment Day Oh Death, Oueen Death! We are unreconciled I jest think uv Nature sleepin' An' the song an angel sings, To thy sad honors; thou art like the night. Biddin' me lie down in comfort And we, like children, fear to venture forth An' Beneath thy stars! But hark, the flowing tide test Comes sweeping in the bay of anchorage. those The cables strain, the sea of busy life springs. Is urging us away. December 21, 1902 Oh Sea! Deep fed by the Eternal Life, Thou rollest through the ages grand and free; The feeble barriers of men's little strife Are idle wreckage on thy swelling flood. PATTERN OF LIFE Rising and falling in the changing years. Immortal deeds shine on thee like a sun. {**Pattern of Life** and "The God of Peace** — A happy Transcendent beauty sparkles in thy spray facility for turn of phrase and clarity of thought, in brief.) Of wondrous grace; the little mind of man Each day, each hour Feels thee his inspiration, yet knows not Some word, some thought, The method of thy being. Years are tides Some tender memory, like a flower. In Life's immortal sea, and Life and Light, Into the pattern of our lives is wrought. Eternal silence, are the Triune God. , ^„ March 25, 1908 June 15, 1885 T \SJ

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