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INDEX.

Abacus, 229 n. Agriculture, 18, 22, 61, 92, 380, Abbeys, 85, 144, 149 n., 276 n., 386, 552 f., 566, 647 53Ó n., 531 n., 635 n. See Bene- encouragement of, 406, 447, dictines, Monasteries, Westminster, 482, 565 etc. in towns, 227 Abbotsbury, 129 n. methods of, 32, 33, 37, 38, Abbottes Rypton, 455 n. 41, 44, 527 Aberconway, 634 n. Roman, 55 Aberdeen, 3, 189 n., 301 n., 302 n.; ^Husbandry, Three-field, Tillage. Trinity Hall, 523 n. Ahmedabad, 26 n. Aberdeenshire, 33 n., 184 Aichmtune (Eckington), 167 n. Abergavenny, 508 Aids, 138, 150 Abingdon, 385 n., 640 Ailesham, 638 Abirdine, see Aberdeen Ailwardus, 652 Abjuracio, 594 Alan, Earl, 141 Abrahams, B. L., 200, 205 n., 206n. Alan, the Hornblower, 160 Abrahams, I., 287 n., 288 n. Alba Landa, 632 Absentees, 489 Alcester, 451 n. Abstinence, 500 n. Aldebrand, 198 Abyssinia, 477 Aldelmus, 652 Accounts, 158, 232, 235, 239, 249, Alderman, 195, 222, 227, 339, 340, 549 360, 382, 383 n., 386, 493, 510, 525 Accumulation, 35; desire of, 11; see Aldgate, 451 Wealth Aldhelm, 82 Acorns, 388 Ale, 117 n.; see Assize Acre, fall of, 274 Aleiae, 295 n. Acres, 41, 42 n., 62, 109, 119, 120, Aleranus, 644 n. 125 n., 126 and n. Alexander II., 189 n. Acton Burnel, 222 n., 281, 290 Alexander the Great, 246 n Adam Bamme, 361 n. Alexandria, 473 Adamnan, 71 Alfred the Great, 64 n., 65, 7. Aden, 477 84, 85, 88, 94, 131, 132, 142 Admirals, 410 n., 411, 491 Alfrithe, 85 n. Lord High, 498 Aliens, 206, 320, 548, 550, 641 f. Adriatic, 426 hostility to, 189, 217, 248, 289, Ad valorem, 317, 548 292, 300, 378, 446 Adventurers, see Merchant restrictions on, 300, 382, 392, jElfric, 131, 299, 391 n. 430 g. iElphege, 87 artisans, 189, 306, 308 n., 429, jEthelfleda, 96 446, 513, 564, 641 t. iEthelred, 128, 139, 151 financiers, 249, 289 Affiliation, 223 merchants, 131, 155, 174 n., Africa, 33 n., 34 n., 185, 416, 475, 187, 194, 197, 200, 249, 264 n., 477. 554 277, 281, 290 f., 302, 808, 315 f., Aftermath, 40 n., 528 320, 393, 419, 550, 650 Ager, 38 See Flemings, Italians, Privileges, Agistamentum, 596 Retail. Agrestano (Egleston), 635 Alleces, 582

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684 INDEX.

Allotment, 41, 43, 61, 62 Apprentices, disorder among, 509 Allowances, 157, 158 • enticing away, 338, 343, 350 Alloy, 154, 358 fees of, 511 Almoner, 243 n. hostility to foreign, 347 n., 446, Alms, 157, 536 513 Almshouses, 408 overstocking with, 512, 523 Alnuicche (Alnwick), 684 status of, 350 f. Alnwick, 634 Apprenticeship, 349, 511 AI Ponte (Holland Bridge), 636 Act, 508, 518 Alresford, 454 Appropriation, 98 Altenstadt, 46 Aquinas, see S. Thomas Alum, 425 Aquitaine, 267 n., 393 Alva, the Duke of, 9 Arabia, 72, 83, 88, 478 Alvah, 42 n. Aragon, 193, 199, 439 Alvingham, 636 Arboriculture, 553, 554 Alvinghamo (Alvingham), 636 Archangel, 505 Alvred of Marlborough, 645 n. Archbishops, 183 Amalfi, 184, 198 Archdeacons, 145, 207, 646 Amber, 88 Archery, 406 Ambition, 463, 468 Archipelago, 477, 494 individual, 464 Architecture, 144, 440 national, 468, 469, 479 Perpendicular, 440 Ambreslege (Ombersley), 125 n. Arden, 637 Ambrosius, 57 Ardena (Arden), 637 Amercements, 282 Aristotle, 245, 270, 356 America, 84, 91 n.f 327 n., 416, 470, Armada, 65 474 n., 476, 479, 483, 488, 499, Armorica, 58 n. 501 n., 502 Armourers, 339 n. pre-Columban discovery of, 84, Arms, 152 90 Armstrong, Clement, 303 n., 317 n., Columban discovery of, 473,475 437 n., 447, 497 n., 519 n., 544 n., silver from, 488 556 Ampole (Hampole), 637 Arras, 176 n. Amsterdam, 409 Arrears, 112 n., 127 n., 157 bank of, 362 Arrows, 406, 412 n. Anachronism, 15, 20, 24 Arsenal, 498 Analogy, 25, 107, 144, 189 n., 337, Art, 188 n. 348, 525, 559 n. Artillery, 433 Anarchy, 140, 145, 183, 396, 489 Artisans, 222, 310, 383, 386, 391, Anchordona (Ankerwyke), 637 406, 510, 519, 524, 535, 536, 550, Ancilla, 85 559, 564 f. Anderida, 59 condition of, 310, 386 Andover, 314 n., 345, 454 Danish, 94 n. Andrews, Mr C. M., 44 n., 78 n., Flemish, 143, 186, 226, 304, 86 n., Ill n., 168 n., 234 n., 552 n. 306, 641, 647 f., 651 Angevins, 9, 188 n., 280 n. immigration of, 186 f., 304 f., Angles, 54 564, 641 f. Angli, 31 n., 643, 644 Italian, 430, 446, 525 Anjou, 318 n., 484 monastic, 71, 72, 81, 82 n. Ankerwyke, 637 Norman, 144, 187, 369, 647 S. Anselm, 145, 155 n., 207, 272 oppression of, 20 n., 189 n., S. Anskar, 52 n. 337, 523, 651 f., 655 Anstie, 591 protection of, 305, 429 Antella, Agnolo d. L. d', 628 village, 3, 72 Antioch, 185 . withdrawing from towns, 509, Antonio, 258 518 Antwerp, 312, 414, 496 See Craft gilds, Journeymen, Mer- Apothecaries, 181, 382 chants. Apparel, 310 Arts, industrial, 48, 294 Appleby, 164 n. Roman, 82 Apprentices. 429, 449, 516, 518, 540, See Crafts. 564 Arturian, 57

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INDEX.. 685

Arundel, 148 n. Bakers, 338 n., 343, 353 n., 491, Arundel, Sir H., 489 653 f.; see Assize of Bread Arva, 38 Balance of Power, 479, 483 Aryan, 109 of Trade, 395, 563 Ashehurst, Thomas, 504 Balantrodoch, 630 Ashes, 515 Baldwin the Young, 647 Ashley, Prof., 189 n., 193, 198 n., Balearic Isles, 199 252, 341 n., 398 n., 408, 437, 442, Baleo in Essecchisi (Bileigh), 635 522, 533 n., 536 n., 537, 558, 559, Balinger, 411 n. 641, 645 Balk, 44, 73 Asia, 31 Ball, John, 400 n. Aspaldinghe, 639 Balle diruccho, 630 Aspella (Aspall), 169 n. Balmerinach, 629 Assay, 284, 318 Balmerino, 629 Assessment, 112, 125, 126, 126 n., Balscaddan, 242 n. 295, 400, 548, 549 Baltic, 83, 84, 301, 418, 422, 473 of land, 164 Bampton, 125 of movables, 174 Bangor, 71 of town rates, 173, 218, 229, Banishment, 286, 594 n. 248, 376, 384, 386 Bankers, 249, 274, 290, 380, 424 of wages, 449, 449 n. Banking, 362 of wool, 628 Baptism, 203 Assignment of land, 32, 38, 45 n., Barbers, 340 n. 61 Barcelona, 199 by lot, 39 n. Barcha, 634 Assize of Ale, 176, 214, 263, 520 Bardes, 354 Arms, 152 Bardi, 289, 384, 424, 618 Bread, 176, 214, 237, 250, 263, Bardinaja, 638 331 n., 349, 458 n., 520, 576 Bardney, 638 Buildings, 228 Barentona (Barrington), 584 Cloth, 192, 263, 305, 322 Bargains, 114, 134, 460, 466, 558 n. Measures, 121 n., 124 n. • in money, 322, 458 Wine, 318, 318 n. extortionate, 257, 364, 557 Wool, 315 reasonable, 250 Aston and Coat, 39 n. See Gavel. Athens, 95 Barge, 216, 411 n. Atlantic, 91, 473 Bari, 184 Aubrey, Andrew, 185 n. Barley, 74, 119 n. Audit, 235 Barlings, 634 S. Augustine, 66, 68, 108, 207 Barmicciacche (Balmerino), 629 Augustinian Canons, 209, 629, 640n. Barns, 295 Aulnager, 305, 305 n., 308, 322, 434 Barnstaple, 173, 385 n., 507 S. Austin of Hippo, 64 n. Barnwell Priory, 180 Authority, Royal, 96, 271 Baroda, 26 Auxerre, 197 n. Barons of London, 212 Avarice, 487, 562 Barrington (Cambs.), 570 Avena, 567 Bartelot, John, 185 n. Avenebi Ilendisia (Hagneby), 635 Barter, 114, 115 Avera, 141, 149 Bartholomew Fair, 452 n., 496 Averolino (Haverholme), 636 Barton on Humber, 385 n., 643 Ayala, Pedro de, 502, 506 Basadono, Nicoleto, 426 n. Aylesbury, Richard, 395, 396 n. Basil, 339 and n. Ayrshire, 60 n. Basing, 176 n. Azores, 476, 477 Basinguecche (Basingwerk), 633 Basingwerk, 633 Bachelors' Guild, 352 n., 444 Bastides, 267 n. Bacon, Francis, 471, 486, 487 n. Bateson, Miss M., 174 n., 211 n., Bagdad, 85 n. 221 n., 247 n., 333 n., 338 n., 453 n. Bailiff, 176 n., 213, 235 f., 280, 419, Bath, 385 n., 451 n., 507 452 534 Bath Abbey, 402 and n., 571 of Cinque Ports« 226 Battle Abbey, 209 Bakberande, 584 Battle of the Standard, 648

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686 INDEX.

Bay of Biscay, 423 Biliguassi (Buildwas), 632 Bayeux, Bishop of, 644 Billingsgate, 128 Baynards Castle, 176 n. Bills of Exchange, 207, 249, 423, 432 Beacons, 498 Bindon (Dorset), 632 Beam, King's, 324, 325 Bindona (Abingdon), 640 Wool, 324 Binendona (Bindon, Dorset), 632 Beauchief, 635 Biolanda (Byland), 631 Beaulieu, 632 Biorn, 52 n. Becchamo (Beigham), 635 Birmingham, 95, 521 Beccles, 188, 385 n. Bishops, 138, 174 n., 183 Bedale, 451 n. Bishopsgate, 194, 451 Bede, 31 n., 56, 60, 69, 70, 71, 72, Bisus, 567 108, 196 n. Bittlesden, 633 Bedford, 102, 127 n., 224, 385 n., Bixa (Bix), 164 n. 507 Bjarni, 46 n., 90 Bedfordshire, 61 Black Death, 237, 250, 310, 314, 351, Bedrepe, 578 370, 376, 386, 388, 401, 458, 526, Beef, 529 543, 570, 610 Beeherd, 168 extent of ravages, 330 f., 333 n. Bee-keeper, 78 immediate effects, 298, 332,397, Beer, 117 n.; see Assize 398 Bees, 553 origin of, 329 n. Beggars, 539 n. ultimate effects, 370, 375, 453 impotent, 407, 536 Blackmere, 332 n. valiant, 334, 335, 537 Black Monks, 640 n. Behaim, Martin, 476 Black Sea, 84, 88, 196 Beigham, 635 Blacksmith, 340 n. S. Beino, 58 n. Blackwell Hall, 218, 383 Belgium, 189 n. Blakeney, 385 n. Bell, Dr, 509 f. Blakeway, 651 Bellaugholera (Beaulieu), 632 Blanched, 160, 160 n. Bell-metal, 487 n. Blanket, Thomas, 436 Bells, 294, 430 n. Blood-tie, 28, 45, 99 Belluere (Belvoir), 639 Blyth, 638 Belvoir, 244, 639 Boadicea, 56 Benedict Biscop, 81 Boc, 68, 99, 207 Benedictines, 72 n., 209, 629 Boccherelli, 288 n. Benefices, 331, 560 Bocchesella In Chenti (Boxley), 634 Benese, R. de, 119 n., 125 n., 554 Bocland, 64 n., 68, 99, 104, 105 Bengal, 12 n., 36, 54 n., 103 n., Bodgers, Corn, 565 389 n. Bodleian, 552 n. Bengali, 5 Bodmin, 333 n., 385 n., 508 Beowulf, 50 n. Body economic, 6 Bergen, 293 n., 301, 409, 417, 419, Body politic, 262, 356, 560 420 Boileau, Etienne, 349 Berkeleys, 453 n. Boke of Measuryinge of Lande, Berkshire, 127, 165 n., 644 119 n., 125 n., 554 Berlinghe (Barlings), 634 Boldon Book, 175 S. Bernard, 146 Boll, 121 S. Bertin, 85 n. Bollintona (Bullington), 636 Berwick, 39 n., 246 and n., 278, 283, Bolton in Craven, 638 507 Boltrona in Chravenna (Bolton), 638 Berwickshire, 44 n. Bonamy of York, 287 Bettesdellana (Bittlesden), 633 Bonar, Mr, 561 Beverley, 189,213n., 218, 344, 385n., Bond's Hospital, 522 n. 396 n., 655 and n. Bondsmen, 402, 533, 534 Bialceffo (Beauchief), 635 Boniface VHL, 273 Biancilanda (Alba Landa), 632 Book-keeping, 235 Bicester, 640 Book of Rates, 549 f. Bickley, 182 n., 341 n. Books, 431 Bildeston, 385 n. Boonwork, 107, 167, 168, 234; see Bileigh, 635 and n. Precariaa

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INDEX.. 687

Booths, 181 Brian, King, 94 n. Bordarius, 168, 643 Bribery, 533, 553 Bordeaux, 302, 320, 410 n. Bricstam, 259 n. Border, The, 548 Bricstelmestune (Bricklehampton), Bordeslev, 633 167 n. Abbot of, 208 Bridges, 295, 296 Borecestri (Bicester), 640 Roman, 67 Borgo Sanpiero (Peterborough), 640 maintenance of, 79, 214, 216, Borley, 570 450, 522, 530 n. Borrowing, see Loans decay of, 178 Bortona sortretta (Burton-on-Trent), See London. 639 Bridgewater, 279, 508, 519 Bosphorus, 477 Bridgnorth, 96, 507 Boston, 198, 246, 278, 385 n.t 455, Bridles, 430 n. 456 Bridlington, 638 fair at, 181 n., 244, 302 n., 452 Bridlington Priory, 287 Hansards at, 195, 418 n., 422, Bridport, 507, 519 453 Bright, 483 staple at, 316 n. Brindellintona (Bridlington), 638 Bosworth, battle of, 457 Bristol, 93, 222 n., 224, 385, 387, S. Botolph, 640 n. 388, 476, 504 S. Botolph's, see Boston cloth manufacture, 435, 437 Bottisham, 332 customers, 278, 279 Boundary stones, 80 decay of town, 453, 507 Bourn, 639 fair, 244, 451, 496 Bovate, 126, 126 n. S. Mary's Redcliffe, 501 Bows, 412 n. merchants of, 416, 492, 501, Bowstaves, 433, 434, 487 n. 502, 504, 525 Bowyers, 340 n., 351, 433 recovery of debts, 281, 281 n., Boxley, 634 282 n. Brabant, 266, 268, 306, 312, 815, slave trade, 86 341, 415 soap boiling, 179 n. Brabants, 327 staple at, 316 Bradford, 95 n., 187 n. Britain, 2, 12, 29, 31, 31 n., 43 n., Bradford (Wilts), 295 n. 49 n., 51, 54, 56, 56 n., 58 n., 196 Bradsole, S. Radegund, 635 and n. Britanny, 266, 410 n., 414, 427, 484, Braelers, 340 n., 342 n., 351 n., 443 648 Branktree (Braintree), 385 n. Britons, see Welsh Brasiers, 340 n., 513 Broad-cloth, 435 Brasium, 585 Broggers, see Brokers, 544 n. Brass, 132 n. Brokers, 360, 364, 651 n. Bratendoccha (Balantrodoch), 630 Bromsgrove, 518 Bratfortune (Bretforton), 188 n. Brondislea (Bordesley), 633 Brawdesters, 353 n. Brono (Bourn), 639 Brazil, 474 and n., 476, 501, 505 Brotherhoods, 443, 443 n., 523 Bread, 530 n., 551; see Assize Brouage, 491 n. Breakers of wool, 353 n. Bruce, Robert, 424 Brecknock, 508 Bruerne, 638 Bredon, 295 n. Bruges, 183, 185, 197, 315, 317 n., Brehon, see Laws 348, 416, 426 Brembre, Nicholas, 382, 383 grievances at, 306, 307 Bremen, 183, 420 staple at, 415 n. Brentano, Dr, 189 n., 524 n. trade of, 394, 494 Brest, trade of, 491 n. Bryce, Hugh, 432 n. Bretagne, Duke of, 386 Buckfastleigh, 633 Breteuil, 211 n., 224; see Laws Buckingham, 507 Bretigny, 269 n. Buckinghamshire, 157, 544 n., 610, Breton, 410 n. 633 Bretwalda, 66 Bucklers, 510 Brewer, William, 274 n. Bucklersbury, 288 n. Brewers, 35dn., 384 n., 491 Bufeltro in Chornovaglia (Buckfast- Bria (Blyth), 638 leigh), 633

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688 INDEX.

Buil, Friar, 502 Cabot, Sebastian, 502 n., 504, 505 Builders, 187, 188, 228, 267 n., Cade, Jack, 400 n. 330 n., 646, 650 William, 161 n. Building, 144, 187, 259, 294, 295, Caen, 188, 645, 647, 650 373, 440, 640, 642, 643, 646 f., Caerleon, 508 649 f. Caermarthen, 508 Buildwas, 632 Caerphilly, 650 Bulgare, 184 Caesar, 28, 32, 33, 34, 38, 43 n., 54, Bullington, 636 98, 107 Bullion, 256, 359, 362, 394, 431, 433 Calais, 282 n., 300, 364, 494, 548, and n., 496, 545 550 at the Mint, 328 importance of, 177 n., 197, export of, 329, 378, 395, 433, 303 n., 316 n., 406, 469 467, 542 staple at, 311 n., 313, 316 n., import of, 329, 364, 377, 433 317, 416 n., 434 n. See Metals, precious. loss of, 549 Bullionists, 329, 563 Calder, 631 Buneter, 568 Calendar, 110, 124 Burellars, 190, 218 n. Calendering, 516 Burewelle (Burwell), 169 n. Calicut, 478 Burg, see Burgh Caliphs, 88 Burgesses, 174, 189, 206, 211, 221, Callings, 357 269, 282, 310, 320, 645, 651 f. Calshord (Calshot), 304 French, 173, 188 Calshot, 304 n. German, 94 n. Calthorpe, Lord, 552 n. exclusiveness of, 191, 218, 248, Calthrop, Sir H., 345 n. 299 Calves, 544 n. and agriculture, 3, 174, 215 Cam, 216 and ferm, 216, 645 Cambium minutum, 156, 284 n. See Town. Cambrai, 187 n. Burgh, 172, 173, 211, 222 n., 269, Cambridge, 73 n., 96, 173, 178 nf, 341, 393 179, 187 n., 218 n., 246 and n., late, 173, 216 384 n., 385 n., 401 n., 405, 451, Burghill, Moreys, 432 n. 508 Burghs, Five, 93 • agricultural character, 3, 174 Scottish, 221 n., 285 All Saints (in Castro), 178 n., Burgomasters, 185, 185 n. 332 n. Burgundy, 414, 484 S. Benet, 168 fairs, 370, 422 Corpus Christi College, 333 n.t Burleigh, Lord, 500 401 n. Burmah, 34 n. decay of, 188 n., 455, 508 Burton-on-Trent, 175, 385 n., 639 fairs, 180, 496 Bury S. Edmund's, 178 n., 205, 210, S. Giles, 332 n., 454 246, 385 n., 648 gilds, 129 Abbot of, 175 Jews in, 150 n., 206 Butchers, 3, 189 n., 214, 491, 543, • S. John's Hospital, 178 n. 651 lawmen, 93 Butlerage, 277 S. Mary's the Great, 440 n. Butt, 433 n. S. Rhadegund, 180 Butter, 499 n., 544 n. Trinity College, 355 n., 570 Buyer, 248 Cambridge University, 178 n., 179, Bye laws, 285; see Burghs 319 n., 401 n., 554 n. Byland, 631 Cambridgeshire, 60 n., 101 n., 126, Byrca, 52 n. 141, 162, 163, 165, 169, 216, 332, Byrnie, 50 n. 404, 456, 644 Byse, John, 350 Campfer, 312 n. Walter, 350 Camp of Refuge, 171 Byzantium, 147, 184; see Constanti- Candia, 494 nople Candles, 544 n. Cannibalism, 388 Cab fare, 250, 254 Canon Law, 251, 258, 367, 558 Cabot, J., 473, 476, 501, 504 Canonist teaching, 558 f.

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INDEX.. 689

Canons, see Augustinian Cattle, as money, 116, 122 Canterbury, 82,129, 226, 281 n., 316, trade in, 196, 480 326, 385 n., 416, 507, 639, 655 n. Cauna (Calne), 164 n. Archbishop of, 155, 255 n., 386 Caursines, 20% 208 n., 255 (Christchurch), 82, 129 n., 130 Causeways, 530 n. n., 570, 639 n. Caverns, 35 S. Augustine, 639 n. Caversham, 244 Canynges, William, 387, 413, 416 Cavil, see Gavel Caorsa, 208 n. Cawston, 385 n. Cape Cod, 90 Caxton, William, 559 Cape of Good Hope, 473, 477 Celts, 37, 60 n., 64 n., 648 Capital, 5, 11, 16, 368 n., 525, 552 Census, 162, 226 definition of, 4 Centuriœ, 55 employment of, 367, 379, 437, Centuriation, 109 464, 545, 558 Ceolwulf, 102 formation of, 463, 545, 551, 558 Ceorlisc, 101 n. mercantile, 202, 354, 505 Ceylon, 47 n. power of, 558 f. Chains, 410 See Stock in trade, Money, Interest. Chalcheford (Calshot), 304 n. Capitalists, 379, 442, 464, 480, 525, Chalderea In Choppolanda (Calder), 551 f., 625, 652; see Burgesses, 631 Clothiers, Merchants Chamberlain, 339 clothiers as, 437 Champagne, 422 oppression by, 447, 524, 545 • fairs in, 86 n., 182 n., 186 n., rise of native, 360, 437, 464 423 n. Capitularies, 110, 567 Champion, 528 Capons, 388 n., 544 n. Chancellor, Lord, 493, 511, 526 Cappers, 350, 444 Chancellor, Richard, 505 Caps, 430 n., 445 Chancery, 412 n. Caption, 276 Channel, 183, 414, 426 n., 650 Carack, 413 Channel Islands, 283 Caravans, 115, 477 Chantiies, 332, 488 n., 531 Carcassonne, 246 n. Chapmen, 67, 79, 128. 646 Carders, 353 n. Charity, 244 n., 259, 556 Cardiff, 224 n., 508 organisation, 541 Cardigan, 278 Charles the Great, 71, 76, 80 n., Carding, 515 n., 518 84, 104 n., 110, 122, 123 n., 128, Cards, 430 190 n., 196, 567 Carlisle, 138, 188, 225, 345 Charles I., 9, 437 n., 483 Carmelite, 209 Charles II., 229 Carpenters, 334, 412 n. Charles V. of France, 356, 469 Carpet, 297 Charles, duke of Orleans, 468 n. Carriers, 334 Charters, 23, 68, 105, 211, 262, 369 Carters, 238 of towns, 211, 213 n., 215, Carthusians, 209 220 n., 293, 341, 383, 392 Carts, 412 n. for gilds, 341, 416, 437 n., 445, Caruca, 163; see Plough 497, 653 n. , 151, 153 for aliens, 197, 292, 293 Carucate, 125, 126, 126 n., 128, See Boc, Fairs. 163 n., 177, 645 Chase, 32, 176 Cash nexus, 397, 399 Chatellea (Catteley), 636 Caspian, 84, 88 Chaucer, 284 n., 301 Caste, 100 Chausberi (Tewkesbury), 640 Castles, 136 n., 138, 188, 646, 650 Cheapness, 299, 319, 322 n., 336 n., Cat, 280 449, 471 S. Caterina (see Lincoln), 636 Chedworth, Sir Thomas, 332 Oathay, 476 Cheese, 117 n., 148 n., 307, 499 n., Cathedrals, 144, 530 n. 544 n. Catteley, 636 Cheltenham, 454 Catterick, 441 n., 450 n. Chemesege (Kempsey), 166 n. Cattle, 32, 129 n., 171, 404, 528, 553 Chenti (Kent), 634 breeds of, 55 n. Chepstow, 138, 279 C. H. 44

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690 INDEX.

Cherbury, Lord Henry of, 484 Churches, 144, 168, 188, 231, 448, Cherry, 55, 554 n. 646 f. Cheshire, 120, 169, 386, 643 Churchman, John, 324 n. Chester, 97, 173, 180 n., 226, 283, Churchwardens, 95 n., 538 446, 508, 640 n., 646, 651 n. Churl, 66, 102 customs of, 174, 220, 222 n. Chylwel (Chilwell), 319 n. Earl of, 643 Ciappi (Shapp), 635 fair, 180 n., 650 n., 651 n. Cimbri, 53 Gherbord, Earl of, 646 Cinque Ports, 218, 220 n., 224 and n., Ranulph, Earl of, 240, 616 226, 279, 283, 287, 320, 508 Robert, Archdeacon of, see Circulation, rapidity of, 464, 545 Robert Grossteste Cirencester, 385 n., 640 n. Roman, 59 Cissor, 245 n. trade of, 93, 174, 278 Cistercians, 72n., 209,210, 275,629f. Chesterfield, 190 n., 221 n. Citeaux, 275 n. Chesterton, 405 Civilization, Byzantine, 147 Chests, 540 Continental, 142 Chevagium, 597 Irish, 93 n. Chevisance, 361 n., 377 Roman, 29, 49 n., 54, 57, 59, Chichester, 278, 316, 385 n., 507 107, 108, 109 Chicksand, 636 Civitas, 44, 55, 172 Childirforte (Shelford, Notts), 639 Clades, 598 Childomo (Kildon), 637 Clarence, Duke of, 243 n. Children, 440, 449, 519, 540 Clarerchoni (Clattercote), 636 Chilosola (Kinloss), 629 Classes, 4, 100 n., 378, 390, 464, 544, Chilwell, 319 n. 561, 642 f.; 651 Chmchesulda (Kingswood), 632 mercantile, 381 Chinese, 200 Clattercote, 636 Chinna (Kmner), 634 Clee, see Cley Chipeham (Chippenham), 165 Clemence, Lady, 161 Chippenham (Cambs.), 165 S. Clement, 93 n. Chirbebi (Kirkby), 639 Clement VI., Pope, 291 n. Chircamo (Kirkham), 638 Clementsthorp, 637 Chirchistallo In ardona (Kirkstall), Clergy, 168, 407 631 Clermont, Lord, 469 n. Chiricchistede (Kirkstead), 631 Cley, 385 n„ 420 Chisiborno (Guisborough), 638 Clive, 483 Choccuelle (Gokwelle), 637 Clock makers, 309 Chonbo (Combe), 633 Clontarf, 94 n. Chonbrumera (Cumbermere), 632 Close, 528 Chonchisala (Coggeshall), 634 Rolls, 656 Chondisgualdo (Cotswold), 628, 634, Cloth, exported, 193, 305, 416, 423 n., 640 447, 469, 548 Chondisqualdo (Cotswold), 630 imported, 2 n., 130 n., 180 n., Chornovaglia, 633 190 n., 305, 430, 435, 647 Choverramo (Corham), 634 linen, 353 n. Chravenna (Craven), 631, 638 woollen, 353 n., 428, 430 n., Christendom, 142,143, 200, 209, 272, 435, 515, 518, 520 474 worsted, 435, 516 Christian duty, 556 See Assize, Drapery, Weaving. Christianity and usury, 202, 251, Clothall, 44 n. 556 f. Clothes, 129 n., 287, 310, 535; see civilizing influence, 30, 67, 81, Liveiy 145, 369, 376 Clothiers, alien, 428 survival of Roman, 63, 108 capitalist, 438, 523, 544 n., Christians, 477 545, 548, 551 f., 554 'Christopher,' the, of Hull, 410 n. artisan, 437, 524 Chroniclers, contemporary, 24, 543 Cloth manufacture, 191, 428, 449, Chuntorberj (Canterbury), 639 523, 544 f., 552, 646 f., 652, 658 Chupero (Cupar Angus), 629 domestic, 190 n. Church, 88, 146, 272, 273; see encouragement for, 192, 305, Christianity 308, 434, 515

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INDEX.. 691

Cloth manufacture, improvements in, Comitatus, 52, 66 435, 515 Commendation, 101, 102, 103, 142 materials for, 193,305, 425, 426 Commerce, 9, 17, 18, 183, 262, 353, native, 192, 373, 434 367, 368, 380, 473, 547, 556, 566 regulation of, 192, 322, 436, English, 298, 474, 549 f., 650 436 n., 441 intermunicipal, 186, 249, 302, Clothworkers, 308, 515 380 Cluniac, 209, 275, 629 See Merchants. Cnight, 130 n. Commissariat, 277 Cnighten gild, 129, 219 Commissioners, 162, 163, 177, 295, Cnut, 102, 127 n., 128 n., 135, 140, 532, 549, 644 f., 655 183 Commodore, 426 n. Coal, 1, 2, 12, 279 Commons, House of, 266, 267, 273, Coal merchant, 229 313, 334, 341, 361 n., 363, 375, Co-aration, 44 n. 377, 405, 548 Coasts, 410, 411, 498, 646 Common Council, 383 Cobden, Richard, 428, 483 Common "Weal, Discourse of the, Cobham, Sir John de, 450 n. 552, 555 f. Cocket, 278 Commonwealth, 355, 356, 357, 560, Coggeshall, 634 562 Cogware, 434 Communal prosperity, 247 Coinage, 116, 117, 121 f., 154, 158, Communes, 183, 185, 356 284, 326 f., 336 n„ 354, 355, 362, Communitas, 356 464, 542, 542 n., 546 f., 564 Community, 78, 78 n., 113, 247, Anglo-Saxon, 48, 49 n., 89 368 Arabian, 88 village, 45, 111; see Village circulation of, 284 and n., 362, See Commonwealth. 398, 464, 545, 554 Commutation, 106, 113 and n., 167, clipping, 286 n., 432, 542 212, 215, 231, 233, 397, 462 debased, 283, 359, 488, 541, Companies, Joint Stock, 505, 525 542 f., 562 f. Drapers, 338, 382 denomination of, 358 Fishmongers, 382 foreign, 283, 284 n., 316, 326 f., Grocers, 320 n., 324, 338, 381, 362, 543 494, 522, 620 French, 356 Livery, 15,373,376,381, 383 n., gold, 147 n., 303 n., 327 n., 416, 548 328, 329, 358, 432, 543 Mercers, 324, 338, 381, 494 in Ireland, 94 n. Merchant, 130 n., 311, 383 n., Scottish, 329 415, 460, 548 Silver, 328, 354, 358, 535 n., Russian, 89, 505, 521 542 and n. Turkey, 494, 521 See Money. Vintners, 338, 382, 396 n. Coke, John, 519, 535 n. See Merchants. Colchester, 229, 385 n., 420, 507, Compass, 83 554, 640 and n., 655 n. Competition, 22, 115, 250, 544 Coldingham, 72, 175 n. and customary prices, 335, 458, Colleges, 181, 451 n. 460 f. Cologne, 183, 194, 197, 318, 653 in trade, 315 Coloni, 55 of foreigners, 291, 429, 443, Colonisation, 89 459, 545 n. Colony, 55 Compostella, 413 Columbus, Christopher, 89 n., 473, Compotus Rolls, 235, 236 n., 591 475, 476, 501, 502 Computation, 119, 123, 124, 125 Bartholomew, 501 Confederacy, 399 n., 443 Combe, 633 Confiscation, 488, 531 Combinations, of labourers, 352,443, Conies, 544 n. 523, 536, 544 and n. Connecticut, 90 of merchants, 292, 300, 543, Conquest, English, 63 544 and n. Norman, 78, 82, 86, 113, 174, Comburgensis, 221, 650 246, 546, 641 Comes, 102 Conredium, 568 Comfort, 297, 387, 389, 479 Consolidation, 270 44—2

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692 INDEX.

Conspiracy, 535 n. ; see Combi- Cotswold, 628, 630 nations Cottagers, 233, 233 n. Constable, 549 Cottages, 233 n. Constance, Council of, 468 n. Cottar, 164, 170, 179 Constancy of employment, 390,439 n. Cottons, 521 Constantme, 107 Council, 542 Constantinople (Byzantium), 147, Counter, 510 184, 185, 196, 199, 493 Court, 166 n., 191, 214 Constitution, 6, 28 Court, Ecclesiastical, 145, 207, 251, Consuls, 417, 493, 494, 495 361 n., 367, 377 Consumers, 266, 311, 377 Leet, 213, 237, 247 Consumption, 297, 318, 322 Manorial, 113 n., 450 n. Conte Ingualesi, 634 Pie Powder, 181, 452 Continent, 182, 266, 442, 542, 649, Court Rolls, 236, 331, 532 n. 651, 654 Coventry, 174 n., 223 n., 404, 419, Contract, 134 436 n., 446, 456, 507, 552 n., 615 Contractus trinus, 558 n. Gilds, 259 n., 364 n., 384, 522 ; Convention of Boyal Burghs, 285 n. Bakers, 338 n., 343; Cappers, 350; Convertible husbandry, ¡tee Hus- Dyers, 438; Shearmen, 442; bandry Weavers, 444 Coopers, 514 Coverlets, 519 Coopertores, 568 Covilham, Piedro de, 477 Coote, Mr H. C., 55, 98, 107 Covin, 434 Copyholders, 405, 462, 533 n. Cow, 107, 530 n. Corbett, Mr, 29 n., 163, 175 n. Cowbridge, 508 Cordova, 339 n. Cowes, 492 Cordwain, 339 Cowgate, 523 n. Cordwainers (Corvesarii), 339, 340, Cowherd, 238 351 n., 352, 443, 514, 651 n., Craft gilds, 129 n., 336 f., 383, 436, 652 n., 653 f. 441 f., 460, 564, 652 f. Alien, 514 decay of, 375 n., 376, 436, 445, Corham, 634 509, 521, 540 Cork, 94 n. and Gild Merchant, 343 f., Corn, 12, 195, 236, 403, 451 n., 482 651 f. bodgers, 565 nationalisation of, 436, 441, bounty, 458 n., 565 447, 513 export of, 55 n., 406, 447, objects of, 340, 342, 383 n., 543 n., 565 441, 509, 653 import, 407, 447 officers of, 284, 430, 519 laws, 378, 406, 447, 471, 551 probable origin of, 190, 337, price of, 250, 334, 458, 526 f., 653 f. 530 n., 543, 544 n., 547, 568 Crafts, 53, 100 n., 189 n., 486 protection for corngrower, 377, Craftsmen, 192, 412 n., 442, 459, 406 f. 641, 650 f.; see Artisans trade in, 55 n., 195 Craven, 631 Cornhill, 176 n. Crec, 643 n. Cornwaille, Ralph, 360, 361, 365, 366 Credit, 12, 222, 249, 362, 486 n., Cornwall, 65, 165 n., 283, 488, 498 530 n., 554 n. Cornwallis, Lord, 103 n. Creighton, Dr, 329 n., 331 n. Coronation, 205 Crime, 112, 129, 237, 391, 392 Corporations, 548 Crimea, 199 Corps de Métier, 245 n., 306 n., 349, Crocards, 283, 283 n., 327 352 Crocchestrende (Croxden), 633 Corsica, 198 Crocenstona (Croxton), 635 Corvesarii, see Cordwainers Crofter, 527 Cosmography, 505 Crolanda (Crowland), 640 Cost of production, 250, 461 Cromer, 385 n. Cosyn, Petrus, 176 n. Cromwell, Thomas, 489, 490 Cotarius, 168, 643; see also Cottar Cross, Market, 80 Cotentin, 268 Crowland, 67, 640 Co-tillage, 78 n. ; see Co-aration Crowley, 556 Cotsetle, 107, 168 Crown, 546

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INDEX.. 693

Crown rights, 173,174n., 271,275,550 Darley, 639 jewels, 384, 400 Dartmouth, 480 n., 507 See Influence. Davenport, Miss F. G., 402 n., 571 Croxden, 632 Daye, 600 Croxton, 635 Deacons, 348, 349 Crusades, 143, 152, 199, 475 Dealers, 381, 651 objects of, 146 Death, 330 commercial effect of, 89, 147, Debasement, see Coinage 186, 196, 198, 205 Debts, 171, 287, 395 and towns, 212 of foreigners, 282, 302, 426 Culross, 630 n. pressure of, 112, 208 Cultivator, 38, 40 f., 43, 62 f. • recovery of, 222, 281, 302, 410 Culture, see Tillage • registration of, 249 Cumberland, 60 n. See Money-lending, Usury. Cumbermere, 632 Decay, 14, 26, 373 f., 459, 468, 488, Cumbria, 60 n. 521; see Bridges, Craft gilds, Fair, Cumhal, 86 n. Roads, Shipping, Tillage, Towns Cupar Angus, 629 Deccan, 234 n. Curia, 295 n. Deeping, 639 Currency, see Coinage Deer, 406 n.> 527 Curriers, 514 Deerhurst, 167 n., 187 n. Curtilages, 233 n. Defence, 410, 480 Custom, 44, 158, 173, 211, 214, 223, Degree, 558 248, 263, 269, 546; see London Delft, 309 Customers, 278, 283, 288, 290, 313, De Montfort, see Simon 316 Denbigh, 224 n. Customs, 128, 174 n., 277 f., 288, Denmark, 92, 121,183, 301, 415, 418, 298, 411, 504, 549 f. 501 n. decay in, 434, 490 Denton, Mr, 331 n., 389 excessive, 176 n., 277 S. Denys, 84 foreign, 174 n., 308 n. Deorham, 57, 65, 81 regulations, 394 Depeforde (Defford), 167 n. revenue, 149, 277, 288, 296, Depopulation, 404, 448, 527, 531 f., 298, 313, 317, 482, 551 565 the Great (on Wool), 550 Deptford, 497, 498 See Customers. Derbei (Derby), 167 n. Custom House, 324 n. Derby, 102, 223 n., 385 n. Custuma, Nova or Parva, 277, 278 Derby (Lanes.), 162, 167 S. Cuthbert, 108 Dereforte (Dureford), 635 Cutlers, 340 n. Derlea (Darley), 639 Company, 340, 521 Dernhall, 634 Cyprus, 274 Dersingham, 101 n. Devonshire, 85 n., 435, 633 Daggers, 406 Dialects, 58 Dagobert, 86 n. Dialogue, 555 f. Dairy, 238, 528 n. Diaz, 477 Damnum emergens, 257 Diepinghe presso a Stanforte (Deep- Danegeld, 102, 105, 112, 118, 125, ing), 639 127, 139,141,151,162,164,173 n., Dice, 406, 430 n. 175 n., 188, 654 Diet, 310 Danelagh, 91, 113, 126 Dieulacres, 632 Danes, 32 n., 50, 60, 61 n., 82, 87 f., Differentiation, 4, 16 113, 142, 173, 369 Dinner, 309 distribution of, 89, 91, 93, 173 Dinponte, 630 and Hansards, 417 Diolacchrescha (Dieulacres), 682 as explorers, 83, 90, 91 Disabilities, manorial, 213 as merchants, 88, 93, 114 n. Discontent, 298, 391, 399, 556 as plunderers, 2, 61 n., 65, 91, Discourse of the Common Weal, 111, 143 552, 555 f., 561 in Ireland, 94 n., 174 Discovery, 83, 90, 473 f., 477, 484, Danube, 196, 473 500 f., 554 f. Danzig, 497 Displacement of industry, 509

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694 INDEX.

Dissolution of monasteries, 450, 530, Dundee, 301 n. 538 Dundrennan, 630 Distraint, 281 Dunfermline, 630 Distress, 370, 371, 440, 533, 544 Dunham Magna, 187 n. Ditching, 553 Dunstable, 640 Division, principles of, 18 S. Dunstan, 88, 142 of employments, 131 Dunston, 333 n. of labour, 437 Dunwich, 219, 278 Dixon, Miss, 352 Dureford, 635 Docks, 498 Durham, 175, 386 n. Doctrine, economic, 353, 354, 355, Bishops of, 175, 391 n., 646 359, 562 f. ; see Price, Usury etc. Dutch, 304 n., 446, 483, 499 Documents, 23, 24, 117, 232, 551 Dutchmen, 307, 308 Doddmgton, 332 n. Dyeing, 426 Dogs, 280, 388, 406 n. Dyers, 189, 438, 514, 518, 652, 654, Domain, ancient, 217 and n. 655 n. manorial, 106, 164, 165, 233, Dyes, 132 n.; see Woad 332 576 Dykes, 280 royal, 148, 152, 175, 217 , 1, 5, 28, 98, 100 and Eagles, 327 n., 101, 111, 127, 135, 158, 180, Earl, 141, 174 n. 188, 276, 369, 399 n., 642 f. Earls Barton, 187 n. compilation of, 162, 177, 233 Early English, 28, 61 completeness of, 118, 179 Easby, 634 towns in, 93, 172, 220 n. East, the, 147, 329 n., 333 n., 416, Dominicans, 209, 238, 443 427, 475 f., 506, 555 Dominium, 99 n. Ea^t Anglia, 45 n., 61, 91, 92, 181, 'Dominus Vobiscum,, 505 435 Domus Conversorum, 204, 288 East Cheap, 176 n. Doncaster, 97 East Greenwich, 230 Dondarnane (Dundrennan), 630 Easter, 156, 157 Dondye (Dundee), 301 n. E Bmdona (Abingdon), 640 Donfermellino (Dunfermline), 630 Ecclesiastics, 368 n., 385 Dooms, 49, 128 n., 129 foreign, 145, 206 f. Dora (Dorè), 632 See Couit, Christianity, Monas- Dorchester, 173, 507 teries, Orders. Dorè, 632 Ecesatingetone (Ethchilhampton), Dona, Theodosius, 476 645 n. Dorsetshire, 125, 435, 643 n. Economists, 311, 561 f.; see Political Douai, 307 Economy Douce, 554 n. Economy, municipal, 245, 357 Dover, 169, 220 n., 221 n., 283, 300, national, 70, 261, 264, 357, 470, 300 n., 312 n., 385 n., 498, 548 513, 559, 566 Dowell, Mr S., 548 n., 549 n. natural, 22, 106, 457, 546 Dradicchisi (Drax), 638 nomadic, 31 Drainage, 228 village, 70, 77 Drapers, 382, 383, 428 n., 515, 520 See Money, Political. Company, 338, 382, 437 n. Eden, Sir Frederick, 371 Drapery, 308 Edgar, 129 n. Drax, 638 Edinburgh, 179, 301, 523 n. Dreccheno (Trentham), 639 Edmund, Prince, 272 n. Dress, 647; see Clothes, Livery Edward I., 21, 100, 191, 193, 195, Drinkwater, Mr, 651 n. 200, 220 n., 235, 246, 249, 261, 298, Droitwich, 169, 518 300, 304 n., 305, 314, 468, 570 Dublin, 94 n., 222 n., 223 n. household of, 242, 243 n. Holy Trinity, 242 n. policy of, 175, 232, 263, 270, trade of, 93, 105 n., 197 273, 285, 330, 375 Dudley, E., 530 n. and coinage, 279, 283, 288, 326, Dudley, Edmund, 487, 531 n., 545, 328, 354 556, 557 and customs, 150, 278, 311 Dues, see Customs, Tolls and foreign merchants, 196, Duke, Mr, 387 n. 291, 307 n., 316 n., 318, 326

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INDEX.. 695

Edward I. and Jews, 151, 201, 204, Elizabeth, 21, 264, 288 n., 380, 483, 286, 380, 384 484, 488, 497, 521, 550, 565, 566 and legislation, 261, 263, 280 f. households under, 242 n. and taxation, 153, 209 n., 229, and Hansards, 422 274, 277 f. and pasture farming, 331 n., and towns, 212, 218, 264, 267, 463 n. 279 and serfdom, 402, 533 Edward II., 193, 234 n., 291, 302 n., and wages, 251, 449 n. 318, 326, 375, 383, 424, 439, 570, Ell, 119 576, 656 Flemish, 435 n. and Staple, 311, 314, 415 n. Ellerton, 636 and Templars, 274, 380 Elm, 454 Edward III., 9, 341, 364, 369, 370, Elmet, 630 375, 485, 549 f., 570, 641 Elmetta, 630 policy of, 265f., 275, 298,310f., Elsinore, 87 n. 377, 394, 470, 555 Ely, 72 n., 385 n., 403 n. and aliens, 209, 292, 300 Abbey, 163, 171 and coinage, 326 f., 354, 396 Bishop of, 332 n. and Flemings, 267, 268, 303, Ember Days, 500 312 Embroiderers, 441 and Gascons, 255, 267, 268, Embroidery, 82, 294, 647 319, 394 Emperor, Men of, 131, 194, 197 and Italians, 289, 380, 384 Employer, 4, 379, 407, 437, 441, and middlemen, 320 442 n., 444, 524, 546, 552, 557 f., and Sovereignty of Sea, 268, 566, 625; see Master 303 Employment, 390, 536, 536 n., 557 and taxation, 209, 277, 325 constancy of, 19, 390, 439 n. and wages, 250, 334 f. statute of, 396, 431 and weavers, 193, 304 f., 373 Employments, differentiation of, 16, Edward IV., 374, 387, 433, 439, 458, 131, 438 520, 545, 570 Empson, Richard, 487 and cloth manufacture, 436 f. Emption, 276 and Exeter tailors, 192, 341 Ems, 409 and Hansards, 418, 422, 453 Enclosing, 44, 440 n., 448, 526, 527, and protection, 308 n., 429, 530 and n., 532, 553 f., 558, 647 446 Endichamo presso di Maltona (Little Edward VI., 19, 488, 490 n., 495, Maries, Yedingham), 638 497, 542 n„ 551, 559, 560, 566 Enemies, 331 n., 410, 411 n., 412 n., Edward the Black Prince, 268 434, 456; see Pirate Edward the Confessor, 2, 77, 85 n., Energy, 10, 475 88, 99,102,104,105,106,110,118, Enfranchisement, see Serf 126, 139,141,151,158,163,165 n., English Channel, 300 171, 217, 220 n., 248, 644 n., 645 n. Engrossers, 214, 321, 324, 448 Edward the Elder, 96, 102, 117 n. Engrossing, 250, 320, 524, 543, 544 Edward of Salisbury, 148 n., 644, and n. 645 n. Enhancing prices, 292, 300; see Rent Edwin, 141 Eninghe (Heynmgs), 637 Edyche, 528 Enquiry, Articles of, 163, 176 Eels, 171, 172, 181 Enterprise, 27, 83, 137, 460, 475, Egbert. King, 66, 88 555, 562, 566, 642 Egbert, Archbishop, 69 political, 463 n. Eggs, 121, 234, 388 n., 499 n., 526, Environment, 20, 27 529, 606 Equality of Taxation, 400 n. Egleston, 635 Equator, 477 Egypt, 196, 199, 477, 493 Eric, King, 417 Eilesi in Chondisgualdo (Hailes), Bishop, 91 n. 634 the Red, 90 Elbe, 31 n. Erling, 100 n. Eleanor, Countess of Leicester, 242 Escelford, Shelford (Cambs.), 101 n. Elertana (Ellerton), 636 Esprit de corps, 464 S. Eligius, 86 n. Esquimaux, 91 n., 114 n. Eliot, Hugh, 504 Essarts, 398 n.

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696 INDEX.

Esseburn (Ashbjurn), 193 Factories, commercial, 198, 316 n., Essex, 163, 188 n., 383, 400, 435, 478, 555 498, 570, 635 n., 644 industrial, 441, 515 n., 523 Estanlee (Stonely), 632 Factory Acts, 10 Estate, management, 71, 235, 398, Fair, 3, 94, 98, 151 n., 169, 180, 553 181 n., 182 n., 199, 324 n., 434, Estimation, common, 253, 461 520, 646 f., 650 f. Esturmy, William, 419 aliens at, 194, 282, 293, 393 Ethelred, 194 decay of, 293, 370, 451 f. Euesamo in Chondisgualdo (Eves- growth of, 180, 451 ham) 640 organisation of, 180 n., 282 Eumenius, 56 n. prolongation of, 181, 182, 452 Europe, 211, 442, 479, 555, 618, 647 Aspella, 169 Evasions, 255 Bartholomew, 452 n., 496 Evesham, 125 n., 518, 640, 646 S. Botolph, 181 n., 244, 302 n., battle of, 178 452 Evictions, 529, 532, 553, 618 Burgundy, 370, 373 n., 422 Evidence, 23 f., 371; see Analogy, Chester, 180 n., 650 n., 651 n. Survivals, etc. S. Denys, 84, 650 Evil May Day, 509 Exeter, 180 n. Exactions, see Extortion Herring, 224 n., 226 Exchange, 114, 131, 357, 464, 466, • Irish, 327 n. 546 S. Ives, 180 n., 186 n., 226 n., limits of, 115, 466 244 See Bills. S. James', Bristol, 451, 496 Exchanges, Foreign, 155, 283, 328, Manchester, 213 n. 362, 395, 432 n., 469, 481, 486, 542 Midsummer, 180, 452 Exchequer, 140, 150, 283, 655 Reach, 451 importance of, 230 Rouen, 84 organisation of, 156 f., 232 Scarborough, 87 n. of Jews, 201 seaside, 52 n., 87 n. Exclusiveness, 262, 393 Stamfoid, 205 Exemptions, 454, 490 Stourbridge, 180, 496 Exeter, 127, 217 n., 278, 281 n., 316, Troyes, 84 351 n., 416 n., 507 Winchester, 181 n., 452 Danes in, 93, 173 Fairford, 523 n. fair at, 180 n. Falcare, 579 gild of, 129 n. Fallow, 34 n., 74, 126 n., 527 synod of, 287 Falmouth, 480 n. tailors of, 192, 340, 341 Famine, 100 n., 388, 389, 391, 547 trade of, 278, 316, 416 n. Fare, 300 Exhaustion of Soil, 331 n. Farmers, 447, 544 n., 553, 559, 560, Exhibition, Anglo-Jewish, 201 f., 562 205 n. Farms, Tenant, 398, 462 Exon Domesday, 163, 174 • combining, 526, 529, 559, 560 Expediency, 556, 558 See Domain. Exploration, see Discovery Farming, high, 447 Exportation, limits to, 78 n., 130, pasture, 210, 331 n., 379, 403, 416; see Bullion, Corn, Wool 442, 448, 462, 480, 526 f., 551, 558, Exports, 299, 411, 423, 425, 439, 565 481 Farming the Revenue, 148, 216, 288 Extensive, see Tillage See Agriculture, Husbandry, Til- Extenta, 167, 233, 234 n., 237, 401, lage. 553, 570, 576 Farriers, 340 n. Extortion, 460, 465, 553 Fathom, 119 of royal officials, 149, 176, 216, Faversham, 341 n., 507 487 Feasts, 95 n. See Prices. Fécamp, Abbot of, 303, 303 n. Extravagance, 433, 545, 556; see Fees, 511, 540 Legislation, sumptuary Fellowship, see Companies Fences, 169 Fabrics, 310 Fens, 67

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INDEX.. 697

Fenton, Mr J., 48 n. Flax, 499 Ferdinand the Catholic, 288, 479, 491 Fleet, the, 228 Ferm, 151 n., 158, 160 n., 176, 216, Fleet (Navy), 304, 411 n., 427 n.f 624, 653 491, 645 Fernandez, 477 Flemings, 221, 329, 435 n., 642, 649 Fernando of Portugal, 469 immigration of, 143, 186 f., Ferrets, 406 n. 305, 341, 641 f., 648 f. Ferry, 216 • as artisans, 189, 649 Feudalism, 107 f., 134 f., 140 f. as bankers, 290 Fiandra (Flanders), 629 f., 640 f. as merchants, 187, 195, 302, Field, 43 n., 95 f., 173, 529, 532 650 One, 42 n., 73 as weavers, 60, 186, 226, 305, Three, 74, 75, 126, 126 n., 527 341, 641, 647, 649, 653 Fifteenths, see Tenths and Scotland, 348 Finance, 231, 295, 561 Fleta, 243, 243 n. Finchale, 243 n. Fletchers (Arrow-makers), 340 n. Fines, 654 Flexley, 633 of Companies, 495, 511 Flintshire, 169 to Exchequer, 137, 190 n., Flocks, 72, 530 212 f. 230 Florence, 199, 289, 380, 427, 476, • manorial, 106, 214, 462, 526, 478, 493, 618, 628 530 n., 532 Florentines, 186 n., 198, 208* 290 n., Statutory, 334 417, 424 Fineshecl, 639 Wool Merchants, 210, 289, 395, Fine vete (Fineshed), 639 423, 628 Finger, 119 Florins d'Escu, 327 Fire, 228, 267 n., 508 Fluctuations, see Prices Firlot, 121 Fluidity of capital, 463 Firma, 149 n., 592 Fodder, 31, 36, 38, 73 Firma Burgi, 226 Foenus nauticum, 257 Fiscamp (Fecamp), 303 n. Fold, 107 Fish, 196, 297 n., 309, 310, 321, 389, Folkmoot, 63 479, 499 n., 544 n. Folkright, 99; see Land imported, 329, 396 Font, 650 payments of, 117 n., 171 and Fontana (Fountains), 631 n., 172 n., 418 Food, 309, 388, 470, 544 and n. Fisheries, 100 n., 164, 233, 505 Food rents, 149 n. Fisherman, 131,171 andn., 321, 479, Foot, 119, 125 n. 499, 651 Forcemakers (Casket makers), 340 n. Fishing, 12 n., 31 n., 499 n. Forchepe, 617 trade, 482, 499, 500 Ford, 633 Fishmonger's Company, 192 n., 299, Fordamo Insulfolcho (Fordham), 637 322, 378, 383, 384 n. Forde (Ford), 633 Fitzherbert, Sir Anthony, 553 n. Fordham, 171 n., 637 J., 239, 402, 527, 533, 552f., 559 Ford's Hospital, 522 n. . R. H. C., 553 n. Foreign, see Aliens, Towns, Trade Fitz-Eichard, William, 338 Forera, 614 Flambard, 138 Foresight, 10, 13 Flanders, 52 n., 181 n., 266, 269 n., Forest, 64, 217 n., 271 303, 348, 416, 483, 542, 623, 628, Forest of Dean, 65 645 f. Forestalled, 214, 263 n. fairs in, 181 n., 650 Forestalling, 319, 320, 321, 322 galleys, 197 n., 414, 423, 425, Forethought, 11, 32 426 n., 427, 460 Forfeiture, 394 manufactures of, 192, 268, Fornace (Furness), 630 309 n., 460 Fornagium, 568 pirates, 301 n., 302, 315 n. Forncett, 405 towns of, 183, 306, 312, 315, Fortescue, Sir John, 469 348 Forth, 95 trade with, 176, 268, 290, 305, Fortresses, 294 311, 329, 416 Forts, 96, 96 n., 498, 547 See Flemings, Low Countries. Founders, 340 n.

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698 INDEX.

Fountains, 631 Fulling Mills, 445 Fowey, 480 n., 508 Funeral, 539 n. Fowls, 234 Furbishers, 340 n. Frames, bardic, 49 Furlong, 120 France, 108, 140, 145, 333 n., 400, Furness, 630 469, 479, 484 Furniture, 297 commerce of, 197, 291, 293 n., Furrow, 120 356, 373 n., 425 Furs, 308, 309, 430 n., 506 devastation of, 370, 422 Fustians, 525 fairs in, 84, 370, 373 n., 650 f. Fyrd, 104, 127, 152 peasants of, 401 towns of, 183, 190 n., 293 n., Gablatores, 167 651 Gablum, 104, 148 wars of, 229, 309, 391, 411 n., Gafol, 104, 148, 162, 177 451, 455, 483, 491, 529 Gain, greed of, 257, 460, 479 f., 557 f. Franchises, Lords of, 334 of traders, 114, 257, 394 Franeigenae, 173, 642 f.; see also reasonable gains, 250, 394 French Galleys, see Flanders galleys Franciscan, 82 n., 209, 333 n. Gama, Vasco da, 478 Francus, 642 and n. Game, 32 Frankfurt, 194 n., 567 Law, 406, 406 n., 409 Frankpledge, 213, 213 n., 237, 237 n. Games, 94, 406, 467 Franks, 49 n., 67, 71 Gantrel, M., 642 n. Fraschelea (Flexley), 633 Gardens, 554 Fraternities, 445 Gare, Henry, 302 n. See Gilds, Trinity House, eto. John, 350 Fraud, 434, 549 Garendon, 631 Frazer, Mr J. G., 34 n., 35 n. Garsomes, 530 n. Free Towns, see Towns Gascoigne, Aldebrande, 360 Freedom, Economic, 100 Gascons, 197, 249, 290, 291, 318 f. of Trade, 284, 285, 312, 493 Gascony, 249 Freehold, 282 towns of, 212 n., 267 n. Freeman, 58 n., 100 n., 642 n. trade with, 255, 267, 268, 290, primitive English, 63, 92 304, 319, 406 of a town, 189, 280, 282 Gasquet, F., 330 n., 331 n. See Tenants, free. Gau, 44 Freeman, Prof., 642 Gaul, 58 n., 67, 81, 108 Free Soldiers, 111 Gaunse, J., 288 n. Freights, 491 Gavel (Cavil), 191 n., 221 n., 651 Freizes, 521 Gay, E. F., 529 n. French, 642 f. Gebur, 76 n., 78, 107, 134, 168 Art, 188 n. Geese, 388, 526, 544 n. pirates, 301 n. Geld, 105, 112, 127, 162, 167, 177, townsmen, 173, 188, 446, 643 180 n., 217; see also Danegeld Frescobaldi, 424, 628 Geldability, 128 Frescoes, 25 Gem, 132 n. Friars, 209, 210, 400, 443 Genoa, 303, 304 n., 424 f., 473 n., Fridays, 500 476 Friesland, 410 n. and the Crusades, 147, 198 Friscum, 596 Genoese, 413, 414, 476, 494, 502 Frisia, 31 Gentiles, 202 n. Frisian, 83 Gentleman, 525, 558 Frith Gilds, 190 S. George's Gild, 446 n. Froissart, 267 George IV., 136 Frome, 164 n., 169 n. Gerardus Lotaringus, 644 n. Frumentum, 567 Gerberie, 643 n. Fugatores, 654 German Ocean, 31 Fuller, T., 307 Germans, 90, 525 Fullers, 306, 438, 442, 518, 647, 652, • ancient, 28, 30, 33, 36, 37, 38, 654 44, 49, 51 f., 98 Fuller's earth, 439 in London, 194; see Hansards Fulletby, 177 Germany, 43 n., 155 n., 259 n.

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INDEX.. 699

Germany, peasants of, 401 n. Glass, 81, 82 n., 132 n., 294, 297, towns of, 94 n., 183, 195 319 n., 387 trade of, 195 f., 285, 419, 473 Glenluce, 630 tribes of, 30 n., 52, 54, 107 Globe, 476, 501 three-field system, 75 Gloucester, 169, 185, 223 n., 282 n., fairs, 86 384 n., 385 n., 435, 507 village community in, 36 n., Gloucestershire, 167 n., 177 38, 44 n., 46 n., 47 n., 78 Glovers, 214, 229, 340 n., 351 n. See Hanse. Gloves, 430 n. Gersuma (Garsome), 530 n., 612 n. Goats, 163 Gervaise of Canterbury, 648 Godwin, 141 Gesithcund, 101 n. Gokwelle, 637 Gestum, 568 Gold, 18, 284, 395, 469, 478, 542, Ghelzo (Kelso), 630 545, 563 Ghent, 85, 306, 348, 643 n., 647 Coinage of, 147 n., 303 n., 328, Gherbord, Earl of Chester, 646 329, 358, 432 Ghontisgualdo, 633 exportation of, 326, 395, 432, Ghualtamo (Waltham), 640 542 f. Ghuantona (Walton), 636 importation of, 132 n. Ghuldinghamo (Coldingham), 630 payments in, 124, 327 n., 396, Gibraltar, 423, 491 n. 652 Straits of, 427 n., 476 ratio of, to silver, 358, 542, Gierondona (Garendon), 631 652 n. Giervalese (Jervaulx), 631 Goldsmiths, 284, 327, 328, 441, 545, Gilbert of Ghent, 647 f. 563 Gilbertine, 629, 635 n. Good Parliament, 192, 394, 470 Gildas, 60 Googe, Barnaby, 318 n. Gildhalla, Teutonica, 195, 422 Gothland, 88, 89 Gildisire (Wiltshire), 632 Goths, 184 Gilds, 14, 26, 253, 261, 336 f., 384, Gourd, 121 445, 446, 464, 466, 497, 509 f., Gower, 187 545 f., 548, 624, 651 f. "Grace de Dieu," 413 cnighten, 129, 211, 219, 226 Grace Dieu, 632 frith, 60 n., 129, 190 Granborough, 586, 610 merchant, 130,186,189 n., 190, Granno (Grantham), 630 211, 217, 218 n., 219 f., 223 n., 226 Grantchester, 97 andn., 247, 269, 343 f., 383 n,, Grantesete (Grantchester), 169 n. 615, 641 f.. 651 f., 655 Grantham, 385 n., 507, 630 objects of, 190, 221, 259, 342 f., Grapes, 90 383 n., 384, 509 f., 522, 539 f., 653 Gravesend, 498 weavers, 191, 193, 305, 337, Gray, John, Bishop of Norwich, 341, 345 n., 352, 624 f., 641, 652 223 n., 227 n. yeomen, 352 n., 443 Graziers, 463 n., 518, 544 and n., See Craft gild. 548, 551, 553, 565 in France, 191, 333 n., 337, Grazing, see Farming, pasture 348 n., 349 Great Eastern Railway, 456 and towns, 191 f., 211, 225 f., Great Ireland, 91 340, 341, 383 n., 509, 521 Great Yarmouth, see Yarmouth Gillingham, 450 n. Greece, 27, 122 Gilpin, B., 556 Greed, 251, 257, 556 f., 562 Gimingham, 534 n» Greeks 199 Giraldus Cambrensis, 86,187, 280 n., Green,' Mr J. R., 351, 371, 384 n., 641 408 Girellerà, 347 n., 514 Greenland, 82 nM 90 Girdles, 438 Greensted, 188 n. Giry, 223 n. Gregorius de Rokesle, 176 n. Gislebertus, 643 Gregory IX., 257 Gistleswurde (Isleworth), 643 n. S. Gregory the Great, 85, 108 Gitterono (Wyttering), 639 Greifswald, 420 Giuirsopo presso abliada (Worksop), Greneburgh, see Granborough 638 Grenellusso (Glenluce), 630 Glasgow, 95 Gresham, Sir Richard, 542

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700 INDEX.

Grideghorda, 680 Hampshire, 165 n., 454 Grievances, 421, 530, 534 Hampton (Southampton), 302 n. Grimesbi (Grimsby), 637 Haosards, 195, 293, 407, 417 f., Grimesbi Inlendisia (Wellow near 496 Grimsby), 638 and Wars of Roses, 422 Grimesby, see Grimsby in Boston, 195, 316 n., 418 n., Grimsby, 302 n., 385 n., 508, 637 f. 453 Grocers, 3, 324, 381, 382, 520, 624; in London, 195, 307, 421, 422, see Companies 654 Grooms, 406 n. in Lynn, 195 Gross, Dr C., 129 n., 130 n., 210 n., See Emperor. 221, 222 n., 223, 223 n., 345, 651, Hanse, 223 n. 655 League, 88, 183, 301, 409, Grossour, 318 416 f., 492, 497 Grossteste, see Robert Towns, 415 Grotius, 304 n. Northern, 184 Guardona (Wardon), 633 See Gild merchant, Hansard. Guarterra (Warre), 638 Hanssen, 32 n., 43 n., 45 n., 74 n., Guarverlea (Waverley), 633 75, 75 n., 76 n. Guest, Dr, 51 n. Harbours, 97, 169, 480 n., 497, 498 Guiccichonbo (Winchcombe), 640 Harepipes, 406 n. Guienne, 266, 267, 268, 484 Harland, Mr J., 309 n. Guildford, 507 Harlaxton, 385 n. Guildhall, 194, 220 n., 225, 246, 339, Harleian MSS. (British Museum), 361 n., 384 n., 447 552 n. Guinea, 477 Harold, 139, 141, 179 n. Guisborough, 638 Harold Haarfager, 89 Guitebi ostrattone (Whitby), 638 Harris, 12 n. Gulf of Lyons, 304 n. Harris, Dionysius, 494 Gulf Stream, 12 Harris, M. D., 174 n., 436 Gulielmus Gemmeticensis, 645 n. Harrison, W., 565 Guns, 412 n. Harrys, 554 n. Gunter's Chain, 120 Harvest, 530 n. Gunton, 439 Harwich, 385 n., 456, 505 Guy, 307 n. Haslingfelde (Haslingfield), 166 n. Guyenne, see Guienne Hatfield, 552 n. Hatteclyf, William, 432 n. Haberdashers, 324 n., 340 n., 382, Hatters, 340 n. 520 Hauochestone, see Hauxton Hackney men, 300 n. Hauxton, 101 n. Haco, 302 Havens, 469, 491 Hadleigh, 385 n. Haverfordwest, 224 n., 508, 649 Hadrian's Wall, 55 Hawking, 169 Hageleia (Hagley), 165 n. Hawkins, Sir John, 505 Hagneby, 635 Hawsted, 404 Hailes, 634 Hay, 38, 39, 40, 578 n., 606 Hainault, 304 Hayward, 25, 238, 597 Hakluyt, 554 Headington, 454 Hale, Archdeacon, 149 n. Headland, 44 Hales, John, 531, 532, 552 Headman, 47, 47 n., 95 n. Halfdene, 45 n. Hearth tax, 105 Half-hundred, 126 Heaumers (Helmet makers), 340 n. Halifax, 322 n., 515 n. Hedgerows, 527, 528, 532 Hall, 295 n. Hedging, 529, 553 f. mark, 441 Hedingham, 188 Hall, Mr H., 156 n., 158 n., 160 n., Helgeland, 84 193 n., 235 n., 354 n., 534 n., Heligoland, 301 549 n., 550 n., 597 n., 656 Helluland (Newfoundland), 90 John, 387 n. Helmold, 87 n. Halldor, 83 Helston, 508 Hamburg, 52 n., 183, 195, 409, 420 Hemp, 499, 506 Hampole, 637 Henley, Walter of, 75 n. ; see Walter

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INDEX.. 701

Henry I., 129, 136 n., 138, 174, Heriettum, 584 174 n., 177, 191, 218, 652 f. Heriot, 64, 584 and coinage, 154 Herleston (Harston), 101 n. and Flemings, 187, 190, 648 f., Herring, 100n.,226, 307, 320,382,582 655 Busses, 413 and the Exchequer, 148 Hertford, 96 Henry II., 139, 146, 152,155, 160 n., Hertfordshire, 61,181,404,591,641n. 191, 194, 209, 273, 295, 341 n., Heyd, W., 194 n. 568, 615, 651 n., 653 and n., Heynings, 637 654 n., 655 Heys, 406 n. and coinage, 154 Hida, see Hide and Flemings, 191, 648 f. Hidage, 153 and the Exchequer, 156 Hidages, the Tribal, 29 n. Henry III., 143, 152, 160 n., 191, Hidation, 165 194, 195, 209, 274 n., 295, 307 n., Hide (of land), 118 n., 125 f., 151,163, 311, 338, 568 n. 164, 165, 170, 171 n., 173 n., 644 Henry IV., 374, 420, 432 n. Hides, 2, 61, 87 n., 181, 277 • and rural employment, 449, High Almaine, 293 516, 518 Highland, 534 and shipping, 409, 410, 414 n. Highway, 451, 530 n. merchant companies, 415 Higid, 38, 42 piracy, 410, 419, 498 Hilton, 632 Henry V., 327 n., 411, 414 n., 424 n. Hire, 256, 300 432 Hireling, 429 shipbuilding, 413 Historians, 20 n., 24 smuggling, 492 Histories, 24 Henry VI., 374, 376, 403 n., 414 n History, 7,8,9,17,22,24,108,113,182 432, 441, 449, 454 Hitchin, 44 n., 73 n. and piracy, 411 Hoards, 117,137, 207, 208, 274, 288, and serfdom, 402 296, 364, 367, 463, 545 and tillage, 407, 448 Hobhouse, Bishop, 96 n. Henry VII., 21, 331 n., 376, 391 n., Hohlbaum, Dr, 628 432 n., 488, 492, 501, 506, 515, 537 Holderness, C31 policy of, 471, 500 Holdings, 41, 167 f., 211, 528, 532, treasure of, 486, 488, 545 534, 553, 643 and gilds, 512 f. subdivision of, 179, 273, 401 and sheep farming, 448, 526, combination of, 211, 529 529 Holidays, 30, 338, 390, 406 n., 440 n., and shipping, 490, 499 f. 449, 534 Henry VIII., 218, 484, 489, 501, Holinshed, ¡335 n. 507, 543, 545, 548, 554 n., 556, Holland, 291, 410 n., 412 n., 415 n., 624 418 fishing, 499 Holland Bridge, 636 gilds, 511, 512 Holm Cultram, 630 and coinage, 488, 542 Holton, 240 and monasteries, 488 "Holy Ghost," 413 and poor, 538 n., 539 n. Holy Land, 147, 205, 212, 274 and sheep farming, 529 Homestead, 33 and shipping, 491, 497 f., 504 Hondhabbande, 584 and trade, 494 Honey, 72, 172 Henry (Bishop of Winchester),' 175 Hoo, John, 547 Henry of Huntingdon, 130, 196 Hops, 180 n. Henry, "the Navigator," 414n., 475 Hore, Master, 505 Hens, 526, 544 n., 583, 605 Horncastle, 177, 385 n. Heralds, 435 n., 468 Home, Alderman, 383 n. Herbert, W., 382 n., 383, 383 n. Horse bread, 569 Herbert of Cherbury, Lord, 484 Horsei (Horseheath), 103 n. Hercia, 598 Horses, 129, 171 n., 180 n., 186 n., Herds, 527, 529 256, 300, 388, 530 n., 553 Herdsmen, 398, 528 Horse-shoes, 412 n. Hereford, 155 n., 189 n., 223, 223 n., Horsey, 101 n. 282 n., 385 n., 507, 643, 645 Horticulture, 554 Hereward, 72 n., 171 Hospitality, 276 n.

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702 INDEX.

Hospitallers, 209 Iceland, 45 n., 84, 89, 93, 293 n., Hospitals, 408, 522 418, 419, 419 n., 476, 492, 501 n. Hospitium, 149 Ickneild Road, 181 Hostelry, 280, 821 Ideas, 17, 552 Hosts, 292, 432 Idleness, 537, 556 f. Hours of work, 342, 391, 523, 535, Ilchester, 508 536 Ilchona (Hilton, Staffs.), 632 Householder, 178, 343, 429, 431, 511, Illuminating, 25, 81 520, 530 n., 655 Immigration, 188, 305, 430, 641 f., Households, 37, 41, 77, 420, 509, 648 524, 553 Imports, 132, 196, 318, 426f., 430n. accounts of, 242 f. policy regarding, 130, 299, 317, organisation of, 239 f. 396, 426, 429, 481 Royal, 243, 276 Impositions, 550 House rate, 218, 654 Impotent Poor, 541 Houses, 32, 36,169,172, 246 n., 256, Inch, 119 295 n., 352, 444, 506, 512, 524, 529, Incomes, 530 n. 532, 534, 624 India, 78, 85, 100, 389 n. Jews', 201 analogies with, 26, 33 n., 37 n., Tudor, 242. See Steelyard 39 n., 45 n., 47n., 103 n., 112, 143 Houton, 240; see Holton routes to, 198, 477 Hoveden, Roger, 87 n. trade with, 478, 505 How, 450 n. Indies, 416, 485, 505; see East Howard, Lord High Admiral, 498 Industry, 7, 8, 12 n., 13, 17, 18, 22, Howard, Lord W., 242 n. 77, 137,179, 262, 546, 565 f., 642 f. Howard, Sir Edward, 491 • depression of, 373, 440 Hubert, 161 displacement of, 509, 511, 518, Hugh, Bishop, 175 520, 551 Bigod, 648 • domestic, 441 of Grantmesnil, 643 n. household, 192, 245 Hugh the Limeburner, 340 n. local, 65 Hull, 227 n., 278, 279 n., 316, 385 n., planting of, 298, 304, 482, 525, 411 n., 413, 416, 420, 496, 507 641 f. Humbreston, 639 regulation of, 342, 343, 380, Hundred, 44, 101, 126 481 f., 656 Hundred Rolls, 100, 175 f., 198, 216, See Assize, Crafts, Cloth-manu- 233, 271, 311, 369, 404 facture, Legislation, Protective. Hundred Years' War, 298, 422 Ine, 76, 79, 101 n. Hungarian, 89 Infangenethief, 584 Huns, 184 Influence, Roman, 20 n., 30, 49 n., Hunting, 12 n., 32, 35 n., 169, 406 n. 56, 60, 98, 107 f., 184 Huntingdon, 158, 160, 161, 191, of current opinion, 10, 253 f., 385 n., 652 f. 360 Canons of, 160 of merchants, 270, 353, 374, Huntingdonshire, 158, 160 n., 179, 379 f., 396, 471 455 n. of the Crown, 29, 67, 133, Husbandman, 543, 553, 560, 563, 136, 148, 212, 275, 302 n., 374 565 of England in India, 144 Husbandman's Song, 271 n. See Christianity, Danes, Flemings, Husbandry, 71, 532 n., 534, 563 Italians, Normans, Papal. Convertible, 75, 527, 528, 529, Ingaevones, 30 n. 532, 553 Ingoldemers (Ingoldmells), 240 Treatises on, 71, 238, 239, Innkeepers, 280, 280 n. 552 f. Inquisitio Cantabrigiensis, 162, 163, See Agriculture, Three-field, 644 and n. Tillage. Inquisitio Eliensis, 171 n., 174 Husbands, 405, 534 Inquisitions, 162 Husting, 93, 181 n., 224, 452 Inscriptions, 23, 91 n. Huvelin, 182 n., 311 n. Inspeximus, 212 Hyndman, H. M., 439 Institutions to benefices, 330 Hypothesis, 655 Intensive, see Tillage Intercursus Magnus, 494

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INDEX.. 703

Interest, 208. 256, 366 f., 558 and n. Jerusalem, Patriarch of, 85 n. private, 137, 479, 556, 561 Jervaulx, 631 See Usury. Jet, 196 Interpretation of facts, 19, 543 Jewels, 274, 275, 395 In-town, 33 n. Crown, 309, 384, 400, 412 n. Inventory, 71, 174, 234 Jewry, 654 Inward, 141, 149 Jews, 179 n., 200, 206, 208, 252, 360, Ipswich, 97, 222 n., 226 n., 261, 363, 367, 654 n. 278, 281, 345, 385 n., 507 conversion of, 203, 205, 288 Ireland, 120, 146, 283, 308, 480, employments of, 86 n., 202 n. 501, 548 expulsion of, 151, 206, 286, Danes in, 93 n., 174 380, 384 fairs in, 327 n. hostility to, 200, 201, 204, 206, land tenure in, 48 n., 112 n. 286 monastic civilization in, 68 n., status of, 150, 200, 206, 226. 86, 93 n. 285, 654 trade with, 86, 173, 180 n. Joceus, 205 Irish, 2 n., 90, 180 n., 446 John, Bishop of Iceland, 419 n. in Iceland, 89 John de Barton, 303 n. Iron, 1, 2, 12, 41 n., 65, 169, 181, John de Twyeford, 448 442 n. John, King, 143,146,151,152,176n., Ironworks, 521 190 n., 192, 194, 297, 318, 653 n. Isabella of Spain, 288, 479 John le Blount, Mayor of London, Iscippitona (Sibton), 634 339 Isle of Man, 105 n. John of Gaunt, 404, 414 n. Isle of Wight, 83, 301 n., 425, 529, John of Newport, 302 n. 632 John I. of Portugal, 414 n. Ispaldinghe (Spalding), 639 John the Good, of France, 356 Israelites, 48 n. Joint-family, 28, 36 n., 41, 45 n. Istallea In Gildisire (Stanlegh), 632 Joscelin of Haireiz, 160 Istanfeltro (Stanfield), 637 Journeyman, 347, 351 f., 429, 442 f., Istanforte (Ystrat Marchel), 632 480, 509, 511 f., 518, 523, 524 Isticchi Sigualdo (Stykeswold), 637 gilds, 443; see Servants Italian artisans, 430, 446 Jubilee Book, 384 nn. Ecclesiastics, 207 Judges, 134, 513 financiers, 288 f., 424 S. Julian, 640 n. merchants, 198, 315, 423 n., Julius II., 485 433, 452 n., 618, 628 Jumieges, 86 n. Italy, 56, 85 n., 89, 108, 304 n., 423, Jung, Sir Salar, 234 n. 468, 474, 628 Jurisdiction, 142, 149, 174 n., 207, Black Death in, 330 n. 224, 227; see Courts consuls in, 417 Jus stapulae, 311 n. intercourse with, 184, 198, 423, Justices of the Peace, 375 n., 445, 427 f., 433 n. 449 n., 511, 513, 535 n. and Levant, 147, 184 in Eyre, 177, 511 S. Ives Fair, 180 n., 186 n., 226 n., Justinian, 269 244 Justiniano, Baptista, 494 Ivory, 114, 115, 132 n. Just Price, see Price Ixola di Ghuccho (I. of Wight), 632; Jutes, 54, 57 see Quarrer Kafirs, 34 n., 35 n., 64 n. Jacobs, Mr J., 200, 201, 206 n. Kailes, 406 Jacquerie, 401 n. Kampen, 420 S. James' Fair, 451, 496 Karens, 34 n., 42 n. S. James' Day, 83 Karlsefne, 114 n. James I., 21, 231 n. Keary, C. F., 49 n., 57 n., 89 n. Jay, John, 501 Kegworth, 310 n. Jedworth, 630 Kelham, 165 n., 167 n. Jenkinson, 506 Kelso, 630 Jenks, Prof., 43 n., 76, 534 n. Kemp, John, 193, 305 Jernemuthe (Yarmouth), 321 n. Kendal, 345 Jersey, 120 cloth, 434 Jerusalem, 147 Kent, 58, 60 n., 61, 350, 383, 400, 404

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704 INDEX.

Kentish Cherries, 554 n. Lancashire, 1, 167 n. Kerseys, 435 Lancaster, 508 Kett, Robert, 489 Duke of, 386 Kidderminster, 518 Lancastrians, 383, 422, 425, 457, 521 Kidnappers, 410 Land, as a factor in production, 4, Kiew, 196 5, 18 Kildon, 638 assignment of, 32, 41, 43, 45 n., Kincardineshire, 42 n. 61 King, 45, 63, 104, 133, 135, 174 n., tenure of, 47 n., 55, 99, 105 f., 231, 547 f., 550, 557, 560 f., 563 n., 141, 217 n., 398 n., 532, 642 564, 624, 643; see Crown value of, 164, 171 n., 332 King's Beam, 289 n., 324 Land tax, 112, 296 Brief, 654 Landlord, 4, 106, 379, 385, 464, 532, Peace, 142, 145, 149, 161, 186, 544, 553 f., 556; see Manor, Lord of 190 n., 282, 304, 369 Lanfranc, 207 Kingston on Hull, 279 Langhalea (Langley, Leics.), 637 Kingswood, 632 Langley (Leicesters.), 637 Kington, John, 419 Langley (Norfolk), 635 Kinner, 634 Language, 108 Kirkby, 639 Lantarname (Llantarnam), 632 Kirkham, 638 Lapland, 505 Kirkscot, 642 n. Laroccia (Roche), 631 Kirkstall, 631 Lastage, 218 Kirkstead, 631 Lateran Council, 286 Knights Templars, see Templars Latifundia, 110 Knollys, Sir Robert, 450 n. Latimer, Bp Hugh, 556, 563 n. Knyghton, 333 n., 645 La Trinitade di Londra (Holy Kovalevski, Dr, 33 n., 47 n., 63 n., Trinity, London), 640 330 n., 333 n. Latten, 132 n., 430 n. Lauder (Berwicks.), 44 n., 73 Laballa (Le Dale), 635 Laugharne, 39 n. Labour, 4, 5, 18, 22, 398, 546 Launceston, 507 agricultural, 332, 406, 440, Launds, 639 448 f., 527 Lavaldio, 631; see Vaudey and property, 99 n., 275 n. Lavenham, 373, 385 n., 440 n. productive and unproductive, Laventone (Lavington), 165 n. 357 Lavualderia (Welbeck), 635 rent, 16, 106 Lawmen, 93, 214 Labourer, 5, 63, 398, 406, 464, 533, Laws, 263 544, 560 Brehon, 70, 78 n., 123, 124 free, 168, 379 Breteuil, 211 n. prosperity of, 20 n., 390, 439 n. Merchant, 182, 182 n., 185,316 standard of comfort of, 30, Roman, 27, 30, 256 388 f. Sociological, 26 Labourers, statutes of, 329, 334, 379, Welsh, 44 n., 70, 78 n. 397, 409, 448, 534 See Canon, Courts, Custom. See Hours, Servants. Layse, 527, 528 Labriuiera di Ghontisgualdo (Bru- Lead, 2, 65, 196 erne), 633 Leadam, Mr, 368 n., 402 n., 416 n., Laenland, 64 n. 451 n., 455 n., 532 n., 533 n., 624 Lagemanni, see Lawmen Leadenhall, 510 La Ghalea in Sifolco (Langley, League, 120 Norfolk), 635 Leases, 135 n., 167, 405, 528, 544 n. Lagraziadio (Grace Dieu), 632 Stock and Land, 397, 403, 462, Lailand (Leyland), 166 n. 570, 586 Lalanda (Launds), 639 Leather, 277, 339, 430 n. Lambarde, Mr, 552 n. Leccheborno (Lekeborn), 638 Lambs, 544 n. Leconfield, 242 Lammas lands, 174 n. Le Dale, 635 Lamond, Miss, 238 n., 552 n., 641 Ledesia (Leeds), 630 Lampreys, 302 n. Leeds, 60, 630 Lanark, 3 Leet, 163 n., 227

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INDEX.. 705

Legatine Council, 105 Lincoln, 93, 173, 281 n., 294, 316, Legislation, 21, 137, 262 f., 269, 560, 385 n., 636 566 bishop of, 161 sumptuary, 298, 309, 310, 379; Countess of, 239, 240 see Poor, etc. decay of, 316 n., 454 f., 507 Leicester, 102, 211 n., 226, 247, Jews at, 201 333 n., 385 n., 507, 547, 630, Roman, 59 648, 650 S. Catherine's, 636 Jews at, 206, 286 n. weavers in, 652 f. lawmen of, 214 Lincolnshire, 91, 92, 177, 302 n., predial services at, 3, 174 n., 637, 643, 647 215, 226 Lindsey, 244 Roman, 59 Linen, 130 n., 309 n., 479, 520 S. Mary's, 639 Linen-drapers, 520 Leicestershire, 643 n. Linen-weavers, 187 n., 309, 309 n., Lekeborn, 638 353 n. Leland, 521 Lisbon, 474, 476, 478, 501 Lent, 117 n., 181, 479, 499 n., 500, Liscarret (Liskeard), 165 n. 527 Lisieux, 355 Lenton, 181, 639 Liskeard, 165 n., 385 n., 507 Lentona (Lenton), 639 Literature, Economic, 552; see Leonard, Miss, 44 n., 408, 536, 539 Husbandry Leopard's head, 284, 441 Little Maries, 638 Lepers, 247 n., 248 n. Littleport, 234 n. Lepers' Hospital, Cambridge, 180 Liuia, II parcho di (Louth Park), 631 Leprosy, 247 n. Liverpool, 95 n., 508 Letteleccia (Netley [Lettley]), 632 Livery, 446, 506; see Companies Letters, 424, 505, 537 Livonians, 419 forged, 207 Llandaff, 650 of credit, 249, 553 n. Llantarnam, 632 of Marque, 412 n. Llondra, 640; see London of quittance, 235 Lloyd, 501 of reprisal, 302 Load, 124 n. of safe conduct, 304, 412 n., Load penny, 128 n. 413 of the Peak, 124 n. patent, 306, 381 n., 399 n., 411, Loans, 151, 208, 256 f., 360 f., 384 f., 445, 507 411, 558 Lettley, 632 gratuitous, 208, 259, 364,530 n.; Levant, 147, 477, 478, 494 see Usury Levasseur, 190 n., 333 n. Locke, J., 99 n., 275 n. Leverington, 454 Locks, 81 Lewebrere, Christin, 221 Lofusfeltro (Luffield), 640 Lewes, 86 n., 123 n., 508 Loiterers, 540 Lewisham, 85 Lollards, 404 Leyland, 166 n. Lombard St., 491 Libelle of English Polycye, 427, Lombards, 287 f., 433 457, 469 business of, 198, 360, 363 Liber, 642 n. hostility to, 289, 429 Eliensis, 171 n. See Italians. Winton, 174, 175, 655 n. Lombardy, 185 Liberties, 190 n. London, 178 n., 185, 198, 217 n., Libourne, 268 261, 281, 283, 300 n., 319, 346 n., Licenses, 406, 490, 537 383 n., 385 n., 396, 420, 428, Lichfield, 385 n. 435, 444, 449, 453, 474, 544 n., Liebermann, Dr, 107, 628 547, 618, 620, 624, 628, 647, 650, Ligurians, 199, 424 652 f. Lille, 293 n. —— Aldgate, 451 Limerick, 94 n. apprenticeship in, 345, 449 Limits, 12 Assize of buildings, 228, 267 n., of exchange, 115 295 physical, 14, 474 Bishopsgate, 451 Limners, 340 n. Black Death in, 333 n., 351 C. H. 45

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706 INDEX.

London, Blanchapleton, 511 Luxuries, 196, 244, 424, 426, 550 Bridge, 228 Lyme, 507 coal in, 279 Lymington, 385 n. custom of, 129, 173, 218, 224, Lynches, 44 230, 291, 345 f., 348, 361 n., 450, Lynn, 221, 227 n., 302, 385 n., 516 616 decay of, 456 Danish, 93 Hansards at, 195, 422 defence of, 410 Jews at, 205 Eastcheap, 176 n. trade of, 181, 198, 278, 420 Flemings in, 187, 221 Lynn Bishop, 507 Gascons in, 197, 318 Lyons, 197, 423 Gild, 129, 219, 226, 343, 383 n. Lyons, Richard, 384, 404 Holy Trinity, 640 influence of, 392 f. McArthur, Miss, 449 n. Italians in, 198, 423 f., 430 n., Macerius, 568 452 n. Machinery, 444 Jews in, 205, 288 Madagascar, 477 Lombard St., 491 Madeira, 477 Mayor of, 191, 227, 337, 339, Madi, 34 n. 342 n., 360, 361 n., 381, 383, 386, Maenol, 111 n. 493, 510, 514, 624 Magna Carta, 9, 192, 290, 434 n. Mint in, 155, 283 Magnates, 205 n. Police, 280 Magnificence, 387 Portsoken, 130 n. S. Magnus, 93 rating in, 229, 248, 617 Magyars, 184 Boman, 56, 59 Mahommedans, 86 n., 185, 196, 475 S. Clement Danes, 93 Mail, coats of, 50 n. S. Martin's, 510 Maine, Sir H. S., 47 n., 98 n. S. Paul's, 8, 175 Mainz, 194 n. shipping of, 197, 491 Maitland, Professor, 37 n., 61 n., Templars in, 274 75 n., 93 n., 96 n., 99 n., 100 n., wards of, 180, 212, 383; see 101 n., Ill, 117 n., 126 and n., Companies, Steelyard, Weavers 127, 172 n., 174 n., 181 n., 186 n., Londra, see London 234 n., 398 n., 643 n. Longedune (Longdon), 166 n. Maize, 33 n. Long Island, 90 Major, 91 n. Long Melford, 373, 440 n. Majorca, 426 n. Looms, 524, 648, 653 Malabar, 477 Lords, House of, 533 Malabestia, Richard, 205 Lorimers, 338 Mala tolta, 277 Lorraine, 183, 197 Maiden, Mr, 284 n., 317 n. Lostwithiel, 385 n., 507 Maldon, 385 n., 508, 635 n. Lot, 44, 189, 190, 191 n., 216, Malmesbury, 127, 523 ; see William 221 n., 553 Malt, 172, 530 n., 585 Louth, 385 n. Malteby (Maltby), 310 n. Louth Park, 631 Malton, 636 Loventine, 165 n. Maltona (Malton), 636, 638 Low Countries, 268, 306, 312, 425, Malvern, 169 n. 426 n., 650; see Flanders, Nether- Malversations, 175, 232 lands Manasses, 200 n. Lubeck, 183, 195, 409, 420 Manchester, 213, 213 n., 214, 247, Lucca, 177 n., 197, 198, 338 n. 401 n., 520 Aldebrand of, 198 School, 552 Lucrum cessans, 257 Mancus, 117, 122 Ludlow, 188, 385 n., 507 Mandeville, Sir John, 475 Luffield, 640 Manerium, 112; see Manor Luizenstrj (Leicester), 630 Manor, 163 f., 171, 176, 211, 229 f., Luizestrj (Leicester), 639 397 f., 546 Lupset, 557 accounts of, 171, 232 f., 591 Lushbournes, 327 n. decay of, 375 f., 397, 404 f., Lutherans, 536 450 Luxembourg, 327 n. officials of, 237

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INDEX.. 707

Manor, origin of, 29, 108, 111 Mattersey, 636 its fiscal character, 112, 127, "Matthew," 503 166 Matthew Paris, 208 lords of, 5, 45, 99 n., 106, May, John, 419 n. 143, 134, 166, 212 f., 340, 398, May Fair, 452 403 f., 521, 534, 544; see Courts Mayor, 227, 333 n., 341, 386, 514, Manor house, 295 n. 514 n., 624 Manuel of Portugal, 478 of the staple, 222 n., 312, 316 Manufactures, see Industry See London. Manumissions, 401, 402, 533 Meadow, 38f., 43, 45, 62, 73, 76, 164 Manure, 40 n., 42 and n., 578 Measures, 118 f., 237, 263, 412 n., Maps, 476, 501, 501 n. 434 Marchebi Inlendisie (Markeby), 638 Meat, 73, 196, 499 n., 529 ; see Marcianus, 56 n. Rations Marfleet, 129 n. price of, 500 n., 543 Margam, 632 Meaux, 631 Margaret, Countess of Lincoln, 239, Mecklenburgh, 87 n. 240 Mediterranean, 122, 143, 185, 197, Margaret, Queen of Scotland, 95 417, 473, 474, 493, 618 Queen of England, 422 Medium of exchange, 116, 122, 256 Queen of Denmark, 417 Meitzen, 37 n., 44 n., 47 n. Maricche (Maryke), 637 Melcombe, 456 Marisea, 636; see Mattersey Meldrede, see Meldreth S. Mark, 503 Meldreth, 166 n. Mark, 125, 180, 223 n., 527, 529, Melrose, 400 n., 629 652 and n., 654 Melton, 635 n. Markeby, 638 Mendicancy, 536 n. Market cross, 80 Meneschef, 579 Market-place, 80, 95, 246 Mensura rasa, 577 Markets, 3, 98, 169, 270, 430 n., Mensuration, 554 451 n., 460, 530 n., 544 n., 563, Mercantile System, 14, 247, 329, 378, 646 f., 653 382, 395 f., 433 n., 470, 478 f., 551, and origin of towns, 80, 94 n., 562, 563 96 Mercenaries, 50, 105,139, 424, 648 f. Markgemeinschaft, 45 n. Mercers' Company, 324 f., 338, 381, Markland (Nova Scotia), 91 n. 382, 494 Marlborough, 189, 654 n., 655 Merchants, 16, 54, 181, 270, 338 n., Marrock (Morocco), 427 n. 353, 468, 556 f., 642, 646 f., 649 f., Marseilles, 84, 197, 423 655 Marshall, Walter, Earl of Pembroke, and artisans, 20 n., 189 n., 240 223 n., 337, 651 f, Mart, 312, 496, 651 Adventurers, 317 n., 345 n., Martona (Merton), 640 416, 468 n., 494, 496, 497, 511, Mary, Queen, 451, 519, 549, 550 519, 623 Maryke, 637 Danish, 93 Masham, 451 n. Eastland, 383, 418 Mason, Mr, 34 n. English, 128, 291, 319, 338, Masonry, see Buildings 374, 377, 381, 387, 410, 412 n., Masons, 334, 340 n., 347, 412 n., 415 f., 433, 446, 470, 474, 490, 506, 441 and n., 443, 646 f., 650 549, 550, 554, 555, 559, 622 Massachusetts, 90 Flemish, 195, 302, 315 n. Masses, 129 n., 540 Florentine, 198, 208, 424 Mast, 72 German, 194, 197 Master, 350, 351 n., 443, 444, 509, Irish, 2 n., 180 n. 512, 544 Italian, 628 Materials, 357, 463 London, 377, 383, 392, 422, embezzling, 513 425, 471 for cloth trade, 192f., 308, 425, Papal, 207, 208, 367, 432 438 Rouen, 187, 197 for shipbuilding, 499 Viking, 52 n. import of, 429, 434 • Welsh, 282 n.; see Alien, Gas- Matilda, Queen, 143, 189 con, Influence, Italian, Staple 45—2

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708 INDEX.

Merchant Tailors' Company, 444 Mixtilionis, 569 Merchet, 100 n., 166n., 578, 580, 585 Molecatcher, 25, 94 Mercia, 102, 125 Molmen, 578, 599 Lady of, 102 Moluccas, 504 Meremium, 595 Monacherone presso di Veruicche, Merevale, 633 637; see Monketon Merovingian, 49 n. Monarchs, 143, 483 Mersey, 2, 127 n., 162 n., 166 n. Monasteries, 79, 117 n., 208, 276 n., Merton, 554, 640 423, 523, 530 and n. Messor, 597 Benedictine, 209, 629 Mesta, 314 n. Black Death and, 376 Metals, 79 Cistercian, 72 n., 209, 629, precious, 117, 122, 198, 358, 632, 633 364, 433, 441, 481, 542, 545, 555, Columban, 67 n., 68 n., 71, 563 72 n. transmutation of, 432 n. dissolution of, 403, 45L>, 4b8, See Gold, Silver, Bullion. 526, 530, 530 n., 531 Metal working, 294 influence of, 71, 81 Metere, 578 pretended, 69 Method, 18 towns and, 210 Metrology, 118 wool trade of, 198, 423, 628; Mewtas, 510 see Abbeys, Monks Michaelmas, 156, 241 n. Money, 174, 256 f., 327 n., 355 f., Michelson, 301 398, 545, 554 Middeltone (Milton), 170 black, 358 Middle Ages, 416, 528, 546, 562 commodity, 116, 123, 418 Middleham, 451 n. token, 542 Middlemen, 216, 254, 319, 321, 517, See Coinage, Commutation. 544 n. Money Economy, 22, 174, 242, 458, Middlesex, 163, 167, 173 n., 178 n., 546 229, 248, 249 Moneyers, 153, 154, 155 Middleton, Prof., 72 n. Money lending, see Loans Mieldona, 635 Monketon, 637 Miesa In oldaraese (Meaux in Hol- Monks, 210 derness), 631 Black, 640 n. Milanese, 487 Irish, 37 n., 89, 93 n. Milchete, 169 n. Roman, 66, 207 Mildew, 462 n. • Welsh, 58 n., 89 Mile, 121 of Ely, 163 Military earl, 101 of S. Alban's, 401 Milk 499 n. See Monasteries. Mill,'71, 164. 169, 233, 332 n., 400, Monopoly, 19, 151, 250, 292, 299, 445 309, 315, 325, 333 n., 341, 363, Mill, J. S., 21 383, 394, 417, 418, 428 n., 445, Milton, 170, 171, 171 n., 179 447, 502, 504, 544 Minerals, 56, 65 Montesquieu, 29 n. Miners, 65, 65 n., 279 n., 480, 488, Montgomerie, 508 498, 554 Montingamo (Nottingham), 630 Mines, 196, 359, 525, 555 Montpazier, 246 n. Mint, 153 f., 283, 288, 328, 354,362, Montpellier, 86 n., 199 433, 542, 543, 564 Monuments, 24, 25, 91 n., 108, 187, Warden of, 395 294, 369, 373, 468 Mir, 47 n., Ill n. Moralists, 254, 255, 270, 556 f. Miramaudo (Mirmaud), 636 Morality, 9, 29, 376, 467, 556, 559 Miravalle (Merevale), 633 commercial, 247, 465 Mirmaud, 636 current, 10, 201, 269; see Mirososso (Melrose), 629 Christianity Misery, 298, 526 Moray, 184 Missionaries, 30, 49, 54, 60, 66, 81, Morcar, 141 86 n., 110, 203 More, Sir Thomas, 468 n., 526, 555 Mistery, 307, 338, 339, 383, 429, Morghana (Margam), 632 514, 517, 523; see Craft gilds Morina, 605

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INDEX.. 709

Morocco, 477; see Gibraltar Newfoundland, 90, 504, 505 Mortality, 381 n., 332 Newmarket, 73 n. Mortmain, 273 New Minster, 630 Morton, Cardinal, 486 Newport (Mon.), 508 Morton's Fork, 487 New Shoreham, 455, 456 Moscow, 506 Newstead (Lines.), 636 Mount Hope Bay, 90 Newstead (Notts.), 639 Moveables, 174, 248, 295 Newton (Lane.), 127 n., 167 n. Mowat, J. G. L., 73 n. Newton S. Giles, 454 Mowing, 334, 579, 599 New World, 470, 479, 488 Muinamo (Newenham), 633 Nicholas de Wynton, 176 n. Müller, Professor, 418 n. Nicholson, Prof., 390 Mundie, Sir John, 510 Nietta (Neath), 632 Municipal Records, 246 Night work, 342 Municipality, 25, 211, 225, 245, 246, Nihilists, 400 n. 306, 468, 536, 539 Nile, 199 Muniments, 401 S. Ninian, 95 Murrain, 397, 462 n., 605 Niobottoli (Newbottle), 629 Muscovy, Duke of, 506 Nio Mostriere (New Minster), 630 Mussulmans, 86 n.; see Mahomme- Nitzsch, 245 n. dans Niuborgho (Newburgh), 638 Mutton, 307, 529 Niuxumi (Neusham), 635 Mutuum, 256 Nizam, 234 n. Mylner, Jakke, 400 n. Nobiles, 45 Nobility, 66, 545 Nadford, 164 n. Noble (coin), 125 n., 268, 303 n., Nail, 119 432 n. Nantes, Edict of, 9 Nocchona parcho (Nocton), 639 Naples, 525 Nocton, 639 Nationalisation, see Organisation, Nomads, 28, 31, 32, 34 n., 64 n., national 99 Nationalities, 468 n., 470, 479 Nonochotono (Nun Coton), 637 Naturalisation, 288, 431 n. Nonyngton (Honnington), 310 n. Navigation Act in XIV. century, 291, Norbonucche (North Berwick), 630 378, 381 n., 394, 409, 471, 490 Norettona (Northampton), 640 in XV. century, 414, 427 Norfolk, 101 n., 302 n., 333 n., under Tudors, 490, 551 402 n., 404, 534 n. Navy, 394,403 n., 409, 410 n., 412 n., assessment of, 163, 507 n. 413, 469, 479, 481, 481 n., 490, Duke of, 244 n. 490 n., 491, 499 industry of, 193, 305 n., 351, Naworth, 242 n. 435 f., 517 n. Neath, 632 Norman buildings, 144, 188 and n. Necessitas Trinoda, 68 n., 104 character, 143 Needham, Robert of, 174 n. Conquest, 30, 63, 113, 114, Negro, 534 n. 124, 125, 142, 165, 174, 179, 182, Neilson, N., 113 n., 179 n. 190, 369, 546, 641 f. Nennius, 60, 108 influence under Confessor, 88 Netherlands, 307, 424, 494, 495, • kings, 137, 140, 151, 154, 208 509 n.; see Flanders,Low Countries settlements in Sicily, 185 Netley, 632 Normandy, 51, 412 n., 484, 654 Neusham, 635 Normans, 113, 642, 647 f., 650 Neustria, 91, 143 Norsemen, 39 n., 51, 82 n., 88, 89 n., Newboth, 635 91, 91 n., 183, 476 Newbottle, 629 North America, 33 n., 35 n., 84, 473; Newburgh, 638 see America Newcastle, 189 n., 281 n., 384n., 507 Northampton, 102, 198, 281 n., custom of, 224, 348 340 n., 350 n., 385 n., 451 n., 507 trade of, 278, 279, 316, 416, S. Andrew's, 451 n., 640 420 Northamptonshire, 177 n., 544 n. New England, 51 n., 91 n. North Berwick, 630 Newenham, 633 North Cape, 84 New Forest, 404 North-East Passage, 504 n., 505

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710 INDEX.

North Riding, see Yorkshire Olesamo Inlendesie (Ailesham), 638 North Sea, 57, 301, 410 Oligarchies, 454 n. North Stonebam, 426 n. S. Omer, 85 n., 293 n. Northumberland, 224 Onbrestano In Lendisie (Humbres- Duke of, 489 ton, 639 Earl of, 242 Open Field, 44 and n., 73 f., 527, Northumbria, 2, 29, 45 n., 57, 60 n., 554 69, 70, 100 n. Opera Vendita, 234 n., 236, 391, 595 North Wales, 283 Opinion, public, 10, 253 f., 313, 354, North-West Passage, 478, 504, 505, 360 f., 480, 552 555 Oppression, by employers, 351, 447, Norway, 84, 89, 291, 293 IL, 302, 524, 545 303, 415, 421, 492 by merchants, 20 n., 189 n., Norwegian, 418 337, 340 n., 651 f. Norwich, 97, 173, 181, 185, 302 n., Orchards, 554 346 n., 385 n., 410, 508, 516, 525, Orderic Vitalis, 646 f., 650 643, 648 Orders, religious, 153, 274, 275; see apprenticeship in, 449, 516 Cistercian, Cluniac, etc. Henry, Bishop of, 404 Ordeum, 567 • John, Bishop of, 223 n., 227 n. Ordinances, 415 n. decay of, 507, 508 French, 333 n., 356 Francigenae in, 188, 637 of gilds, 445, 511 gild, 384 Orduuelle (Orwell), 103 n. Jews in, 205 Oresme, Nicholas, 354, 355, 356,357, leets, 179 n., 213, 227 358 trade of, 281 n., 316, 525 Organisation, mercantile, 313 n., and monks, 210 415 weaving in, 435, 441 n., 516, 525 • national, 261, 284, 330, 408, Nostell, S. Oswald's, 638 436, 441, 447, 478, 513 Nostra Dama di Luizestrj (S. Mary's, of society, 101, 546 f., 556, Leicester), 639 559, 560 Nostra Dama di Veruicche (S. Mary's, parochial, 96 n. York), 638 piratical, 301, 409 Nottingham, 39 n., 223 n., 281 n., tribal, 44 319 n., 385 n., 630, 653 n., 654 n. Organism, 6, 7, 13, 14 fair near, 181 Orinesbi (Ormesby), 636 French in, 179 Ormesby, 636 price of, 314 Orphans, 248 n., 333 n., 408 weavers in, 191, 652, 653 n. Ortobellanda ; see Northumberland Nottolea presso a Ttamo (Nutley), Osnea in Chondisgualdo (Osney), 640 640 Nova Scotia, 90 Osney, 640 Novelluogho (Newstead, Lines.), 636 Ostend, 411 n. Novelluogho Scirenda (Newstead, Otho II., 183, 207 n. Notts.), 639 Ottubo (Newboth), 635 Novgorod, 88, 196 Ounce, 123, 125, 154, 542 Nun Coton, 637 Out-town, 33 n. Nuremberg, 476 Overpopulation, 442 Nutley, 640 Overtrading, 486 Owen, 651; see Blakeway Oath-helper, 101 n. Oxen, for wagons, 53 Oaths, 101 n., 102, 339, 512, 549 payments in, 117 n., 122 Oats, 74, 74 n., 331 n., 569 ploughing with, 40, 41 n., 62, Ochenkowski, D. W., 641 77, 106 f., 109, 126 n., 165 f.t Oder, 196 171 n., 398, 530 n. Offa, 84, 85, 105 Oxford, 181, 385 n., 507, 652 f. Ohthere, 84 apprenticeship in, 449, 508 Oil, 132 n., 506, 514 custom of, 223 n., 224, 226, Olaf, 87 n., 93 616 Olcholtramo (Holm Cultram), 630 Jews in, 286 Oldham, Mr Yule, 474 n. • Merton College Library, 238 Oleron, 491 n. S. Michael's, 187 n.

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INDEX.. 711

Oxford Parliament, 192 Patel, 112 weavers in, 189, 191, 652 Patent, 501 n. Oxfordshire, 149 n., 200 n., 528, Pauperism, 539 544 n. Payment, in service and kind, 104, Oyster dredgers, 341 n. 116, 117 n., 121 f., 127, 171, 172, 231, 244, 256, 418, 450, 458, 465 Pace, 119 by tale, 124, 158, 171, 172, Pagan, the Sheriff, 160 326 n., 546 f., 644 Page, Mr, 75 n., 167 n., 179 n., by weight, 124, 158, 171, 172, 233 n., 398 n. 326, 327 n., 546 and n., 547, 644 Pageants, 297, 446 foreign, 207, 326, 362, 395, Pageham, see Pagham 420 n., 433 Pagham, 165 n. responsibility for, 216, 654 Pagnini, 618, 628 and n., 629 See Commutation. Pagus, 44 Payva, Alfonso de, 477 Palaces, 297 Peace, of God, 145, 186, 190 n. Palladius, 554 See Kings, Justices of. Palmer, Mr, 48 n. Peak, the, 65, 630 Pampisford, 123 n. Peasants, 642; see Classes, Culti- Pannage, 169 vators, Villagers, Villani Pannagium, 576 Revolt, 166 n., 370, 375, 396, Papal agents, 198, 207, 352, 363, 432 398, 399, 402, 458 corruption, 146 Pecche (the Peak), 630 pretensions, 145, 207, 272 f., Peche, 384 479 Peckham, Archbishop, 204 taxation, 105, 207, 259, 272 f., Pecunia locata, 256 363, 378, 423 Pedlar, 324, 559 Papas, 89 n. Pegolotti, 618, 628 f. Paris, see Matthew Pelegrym, John, 185 n. Paris, 191, 197, 268, 274, 356 Pelterers, 340 n. touch of, 284 Pembroke, 508, 641 Parishes, 95 n., 113, 168, 468 n. Earl of, 240 Parisian, 352 Pendant, 63 Parks, 527 Pendice, 222 n. Parker, J. H., 279 n. Peninsula, the, 415 Parkeston, 456 Pennant, T., 341 n., 450 n., 498 n., Parliament, 253, 267, 313, 317, 554 n. 333, 336, 369, 374, 415 n., 430, Penny, 154, 535 n. 448, 492, 525, 529 f., 535 n. Tower, 123 n. Good, 192, 287, 293, 394 Pennyweight, 123 n., 154 Oxford, 192 Pensions, 531 n. under Richard II., 392, 395 i, Peppeness, 129 n. 405, 408, 471 Pepper, 130 n., 181, 478 n. and aliens, 290, 292, 315 n. Pepperers, 229 and local institutions, 263, 330, Perch, 124, 125 n. 375 Pereyaslav, 203 n. and taxation, 277, 295, 400, Periculum sortis, 257 454 Perot le Taillour, 434 n. and usury, 255, 361 n. Pershore, 167 n., 640, 642 n., 643 under Edward I., 153, 261 f^ Persia, 506 279, 286 Persian Gulf, 477 See Legislation. Persians, 184 Parmenters, 651 n. Persore, 640 Parr, Dame Maud, 310 n. Perth, 302 n. Partnership, 364, 367, 368 Peruzzi, 424, 618, 628, 635 n. Pasqualigo, Lorenzo, 503 Peso grosso, 324 Passages, common, 319 Pestilence, 388 f., 456, 508; see Black Paston, 410 Death Paston, Agnes, 410 Peterborough, 126 n., 175, 246, 455, Pastoral, 35 n. 640 Pasture, 32, 38, 40, 44, 62, 78,169 f., Peter's Pence, 146, 272 233, 403 f., 448, 544 n., 565; see Petitions, 392, 430 n. Farming, pasture Petrie, Dr, 94 n.

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712 INDEX.

Pewterers, 340 n., 351 n. Plough, 41 n., 42, 44, 44 n., 75 n.-, Phear, Sir John, 5 528, 553, 565, 647 Philip and Mary, 505, 519 Ploughing, 75, 109, 398 Philip of Yalois, 266 f., 293 n., 306 Ploughman, 41 n., 78 n., 119, 131, Philippa, Queen, 9 132, 238, 310, 391 n. of Lancaster, 414 n. Plumbers, 340 n. Phoenicians, 33 n. Plymouth, 385 n., 480 n., 507 Physical conditions, 12, 14, 97, 460 Poena Conventionalis, 258 Physician, 287 Poitou, 318 n. Piacenza, 198 Poiwie (Powick), 166 n. Picheringa, see Pickering Pole, Cardinal, 555 Pickering, 164 n. William de la, 288, 288 n. Picot, 170, 171 Police, 9, 214, 237, 279 f., 292, 466 Picts, 56, 57, 67 Policy, commercial, 130, 232, 265, Piepowder, 181, 452; see Courts 298, 310, 377, 392, 429, 478, Pieres de Edelmeton, 434 n. 483; see Edward I., Edward III., Piers, 498 Richard II. Piers, William, 288 n. Political conditions, 8, 14, 20 Pigeons, 544 n. Political Economy, 16, 230, 353, Pigg's Case, 403 467, 561 Pigs, 163, 171 n., 234, 526, 544 n., and History, 21; see Econo- 553 mists Pilgrims, 84 n., 95, 283, 369, 413 Philosophy, 561 Pillory, 214 Pollards, 283, 327 Pilots, 497 Poll tax, 386, 400, 404 n. Pinder, 25, 96 Polo, Marco, 475 Pins, 438 Pontefract, 385 n., 507 Pipe, Great Roll of the, 158 Ponte ruberto (Roberts Bridge), 634 of wine, 320 Poor, 388, 391 Rolls, 158n., 159 n., 160, 653 Poor, Bishop, 650 Pipe well, 633 Christian duty regarding, 231, Pippuelle (Pipewell), 633 243, 377, 530 n., 536 f. Piracy, 50, 183, 304 n., 346 n., 488, municipal provision for, 408, 501, 508 536 and n., 539 as a trade, 51, 183 valiant, 335, 537 channel, 51, 300, 315 Poor Law, 407, 489, 537 f. operations against, 92, 301 n., Pope, 85, 207, 271 f., 443; see Papal 409 Poperinghe, 307 protection against, 300, 304, Population, classes of, 101, 168, 374, 498 464 Pirates, 501 condition of, 297, 376, 388, American, 51 n. 537 Baltic, 301 decrease of, 330, 370 English, 301, 421, 492 displacement of, 58, 63, 92 Flemish, 302, 315 n. estimates of, 168, 331 n. Norsemen, 51, 183 increase of, 51, 179, 182, 442 Stralsund, 302 n. maintenance of rural, 406, 470, Pisa, 198, 417, 434 n., 485 n., 481, 531 493 Port, 129 Pisans, 304 n. Porter, William, 185 n. Pistrina, 595 Portgerefa, 130 n. Plague, 329; see Black Death, Pesti- Portreeve, 227 Ports, 12, 177 n., 218, 278, 279, Plantagenets, 144, 182, 265, 650 285, 316, 320, 411, 412 n., 426 n., Plantations, 554 480 n., 491 Planters, 480 Portsmouth, 507 Plasterers, 334 Portsoken, 130 n. Plate, 256, 326, 329, 387, 395, 540, Portugal, 414, 414 n., 415, 426 n., 542, 544 427, 476, 477, 504 Plato, 245 Portuguese, 427 n., 473, 477, 478, Plenty, 270, 439 n., 447, 470, 471, 485, 488, 504 555 Possessio, 55

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745 INDEX..

Potosi, 488, 555 Privy Council, 497 Pottage, 309 Proclamation, 24, 333, 334, 514 n., Poulson, 344 531, 542 f., 546 n., 656 Poultry, 234, 528 n., 543 Proctor, 207 n. Pound, 123, 165, 359, 546 Production, cost of, 461 Poundage, 278, 550 Productive, see Labour Poverty, 526, 536 Profit, 364, 366, 460, 534, 557, 562, Powell, Mr Edgar, 400 565 Power, 134 Progress, 16,179, 293, 294, 298, 369, balance of, 479, 484 370, 380, 390, 437 national, 14, 266, 357, 375, Property, 43, 98, 99 n., 100, 166 n., 378, 467 f., 470, 481, 551, 558, 566 256, 275 n., 557 of the Crown, 21, 66,133, 135, common, 38, 40, 63, 99, 110, 148, 275, 302 n., 374 532 purchasing, 465; see Influence ideal, 44 Praepositus, 95 n., Ill, 237 private, 99 Preachers, 443, 467, 556 f. real, 152, 295, 498 Precariae, 234 n., 592 n. Proportion, 560 f., 564 Predial, see Services Proprietas, 99 n. Pre-emption, 149 Prosperity, 293, 373, 380, 439, 485 Premonstratensian Abbey, 635 n. Communal, 247 Premonstratensian Canons, 205,209, Protection, of merchants, 79, 137, 629 300 f., 409 f., 491 Prerogative, royal, 149, 154, 213 n., of products, 78 n., 130, 193, 271 f., 279, 362, 511, 549 305, 321 n., 439, 656 Presteign, 508 Protective legislation, for corn, 378, Preston, 508 406 f., 447 Preston (Kent), 462 n. for industry, 192, 305, 308, 429, Prices, 530 n. 430, 513, 656; see Navigation Act calculated, 253 f., 313 f., 319 f., Provost, 95 n. 458 f., 465, 544 f. Prussia, 84, 303, 415, 417, 418, competition, 253, 459, 465 421 enhancing, 292, 543 Pryce, C., 387 n. fluctuations of, 390, 460, 543, Ptolemaeus, 31 n. 547 Purchases, 244, 651 high, 248, 270, 314, 551 Purveyance, 276 f., 282 interpretation of, 18, 390, 547 Purveyors, 149, 276, 316 low, 315, 342 Pyx, 154, 354 mediaeval doctrine of, 252 normal, 253 Quality of Goods, 342 reasonable, 248, 250 f., 263, Quarrer, 632 270, 319 f., 334, 342, 460 f. Quarriera dell' Ixola di Ghuccho, rise of, 315, 335, 536, 543 f. La (Quarrer), 632 ruled, 416 Queenborough, 507 stability of, 545 f. Quick-set hedges, 554 See Corn, Wool, etc. Quit-rents, 397, 398, 462 Priest, 162, 164 n., 331, 332, 333 n. Quittance, 236 Prima Vista, 502 Quo warranto, 177 Prince, 231, 355 f. Quoits, 406 Princeps, 45, 52, 53, 102 Printing, 457 Eaceina, 595 Prior, E. S., 188 n. Radman, 164 n., 167 Prisa recta, 277 Radnor, 508 Prisage, 149 Radulfus, 170 Prise, 149, 231, 276, 282 Rafn, 83 Prisons, 388 n. Railways, 12 Privileges, 176, 230, 415, 497, 564 Ralph de Diceto, 648 town, 189, 212 f., 217 f., 223, Ramixea (Ramsey), 640 264, 293 Rams, 439 of aliens, 191, 194, 197, 292, Ramsey, 113 n., 226 n., 640 318, 392, 419, 421, 497 Ranulf Flambard, 138, 141 of minting, 155 Ranulph, Earl of Chester, 615, 651n. 45—5

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714 INDEX.

Rate, of gold and silver, 358, 542, Responsibility, royal, 231 652 n. Restoration, the, 483 of interest, 208, 366 f., 558 ; Retail trade, 250, 324, 520 see Prices, reasonable, Wages and aliens, 131, 291 f., 382, Rations, 236, 390, 449, 536, 546 392, 429 Ravenspur, 422 in books, 431 Rayats, 78 in wine, 318 Reach Fair, 451 Retinues, 391 n„ 406, 449 Reading, 210, 217 n., 225, 345, 543 Revenue, collection of, 156,158, 216, Reaper, 390 n. 279, 549 Reaping, 215, 334 ecclesiastical, 272 Receipt Rolls, 158 n. expedients for raising, 295, Recoinage, 432, 487, 563 f. 541 f., 548 f. Recta Prisa, 277 Norman, 148 Rectitudines, 106, 168, 230 See Farming, Taxation» Rector, 179 Revesbi (Revesby), 631 Red Sea, 199 Revesby, 631 Reepham, 385 n. Rhine, 90, 300 Reeve, 162 Rhode Island, 90 Reformation, 317 n., 467 Rhone, 197, 370 Reform Bill, 9 Rhyddlan, 169 "Regent," 492 n. Ribble, 2, 127 n., 162 n., 166 n. Regrators, 214, 517 Ricardo, 311 Regulation, see Assize, Craft gild, Riccardian Library, 628 Legislation, Organisation, Par- Richard, Bishop of London, 156,230 liament, Protective, Trade Richard de Malabestia, 205 Relative superiority, 479 Richard de Munfichet, 584 Relics, 24, 25, 49 n., 96, 108 Richard I., 143, 152 Relief, see Poor and assize of cloth, 192 Remains, Roman, 96, 97, 109 and Jews, 205 Renpendona (Repton), 639 and towns, 212 Rent, candle, 401 n. and trade, 194, 197, 424 charges, 368 n. Richard II., 21, 324 n., 345 n., 374, competition, 463 384, 416 n., 419 n., 443, 537 difficulties regarding term, 5, and bullion, 394, 431 17, 106, 462 and merchants, 375, 381, 392 f., ecclesiastical, 175, 530 n. 415 enhancers of, 467, 480, 526, and peasants, 402 544, 553, 556, 563 and shipping, 291, 394, 409 fall of, 332, 405 411, 414, 470, 490 fluctuations in, 170, 359 and wages, 251 in kind, 22, 117, 117 n., 215, policy under, 377 f., 409, 447, 398 470, 482 of assize, 233 n., 239, 591 Richard III., 376, 429, 430, 433, 435 of houses, 316, 519, 536, 618 Richard Lee, 625 provender, see " in kind" Riches, natural and artificial, 357 above * Richmond, 451 n., 453 quit, 212, 397 f., 462 Ridmerlege (Redmarley), 127 n. remissions of, 462 n. Rievaulx, 631 royal, 104, 148, 162 n., 176, Riga, 497 217. See Commutation. Rights, Crown, 149,154,175, 213 n., Repairs, 169, 176, 194, 507, 522, 654 271 f., 279, 362 Representation, 261, 270 common, 38, 40, 99, 173, 532 Reprisals, 302, 303, 410, 418,419,421 manorial, 106, 168, 172, 233, Repton, 639 398 f., 533 n. Resources, 10, 11, 12 of property, 44, 99, 166 n., military, 141 275 n. Responsibility, collective, 216,283 n., town, 172 f., 214, 218, 220 570 Rings, 292, 543, 544 and n. fiscal, 102, 654 Riots, 210, 392 military, 110 Ripgoos, 600 n. police, 292, 343, 466 Risk, 255 f., 320, 361 n., 488, 557 f.

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INDEX.. 715

Rivalse (Rievaulx), 681 Routes, to Italy, 67, 85, 197, 423 Rivers, 84, 96, 97, 181, 469, 646 to Black Sea, 84, 88, 196, 199 Roads, 97, 280 trade, to India, 85, 147, 473 f., decay of, 372, 450 506 maintenance of, 79, 214, 296, Rovergne, 267 n. 522 Rovers of the sea, 410 monastic, 67 n. Rovincestri, 639; see Roucester Roman, 55, 61, 67, 97, 109 Roxburgh, 630 Robbery, 526 Royal Commissioners, 529 Robert de Vesci, 643 Royston, 73 n. Robert Grossteste, Bishop of Lincoln, Ruding, 49 n. 206, 239, 244, 554 n. Rufford in Sherwood, 631 Robert, Earl of Leicester, 215 Rufforte in Estiereuda, 631; see Robert of Needham, 174 n. Rufford Robert the Bruce, 424 Rule, Monastic, 204 n., 209 Roberts Bridge, 634 Runes, 49, 91 n. Roche, 631 Russets, 525 Roche Abbey, 531 n. Russia, 33, 42, 47, 88, 95 n., 196, Rochelle, 197 203 n., 399, 401, 473 Rochester, 188, 507 Russian Company, 89, 505, 521 Bishop of, 450 n. Rustington, 570^586 Rod, 120, 124 Rutland, 630 Rodez, 267 n. Rye, Sussex, 221 n., 498 Roger, Bishop of London, 289 n. Rye, 74, 331 n., 543, 569 Roger of Estra, 216 Earl, 188 Sabot, Elias, 287 Roger of Hoveden, 87 n. Sac, 103, 166 n., 179 n., 211 n. Rogers, Prof. J. E. Thorold, 327 n., Saddlers, 334, 443, 514 331 n., 371, 390, 397, 399 n., Safe Conduct, 304, 412, 413, 428 439 n., 440 n., 450, 463 n., 522, Sagas, 52 n., 83, 91 535 n., 546 Sahara, the, 475 Roland, 80 n. Sailings, 491 Rolandsaule, 80 n. Sailors, 114, 197, 302, 412 n., 482, Roll, see Pipe, Close, Court, Receipt 490, 499, 537 Rollo, 91 Saints, 71 Rolls House, 204 S. Albans, 59, 215, 400, 400 n. Romans in Germany, 34, 36, 50 S. Andrews, 95, 246 and n. in Britain, 2, 30, 54 f., 67, S. Botolph, 640 n. 107 f., 142 S. Botolph's Fair, see Boston Rome, 85 S. Clement, 93 n. ancient, 27, 95, 202, 203 n. S. Cross, 333 n. intercourse with, 66, 110, 197 S. Denys, 84 See Papal. S. Giles' Fair, see Winchester Romney, 221 n., 222 n., 569 S. Ives Fair, 180n., 186n., 226n., 244 Rood, 120, 120 n., 124, 125 n. S. John's, 502 Roots, 388 S. Julian, 640 n. Ropemaking, 491, 519 S. Malo, 301 Rosaries, 327 S. Mary Cray, 350 Rosedale, 637 S. Omer, 177 n., 183, 223 n., 351 Rosedalla, 637; see Rosedale S. Oswald's, Nostell, 638 Roses, Wars of, 391, 453 S. Radegund, 180, 635 n. Ross, John, 404 S. Thomas Aquinas, see Thomas Ross, 648 f. , 152 Rostagno, Dr E., 628 Salar Jung, 234 n. Rostock, 420 Salaries, yearly, 390 Rottingdean, 456 Sale, by gross, 431, 431 n. Rottolando (Rutland), 630 Salford, 166 n. Roucester, 639 Salisbury, 246 and n., 275, 385 n., Rouen, 84, 85 n., 131, 177 n., 185, 387 n., 435, 507, 650 187, 191, 197, 373 n., 645, 647, Earl, 411 650, 653 f. Sail, 385 n. Round, Mr J. H., 126, 126n., 164n., Sallay, 631 255 Sallebi (Sulleby), 635

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716 INDEX.

Salleo in Chravenna (Sallay), 631 Scots, 56, 57, 67 Salop, 282 n. Scott, John, 246 n. Salt, 72, 73, 132, 169 Scott, Sir Walter, 401 n. Salterrea (Saltrey), 634 Scottish pirates, 301 n. Saltrey, 634 Scriveners, 340 n. Samperinghamo (Semperingliam), Scrutton, Mr T. E., 101 n., 113 n. 635 , 139, 152, 153, 231, 273, 276 Samson, Abbot, 175 Sea, peril of, 300, 301 n. Sanchimento (Clementsthorp), 637 Sea marks, 498 Sandwich, 129 n., 221 n., 278, 316, Seamanship, 82, 479, 500 333 n., 385 n , 410, 570 Seamen, see Sailors San Francisco, 200 Sea walls, 522 Sansasano, 630 Search, 513 Santa Aghata (Easby), 634 right of, 430 Santa Chaterina di Nicchola (Lin- Security, 134, 367 coln), 636 Sedgebrook, 240 Santa Indigonda (Bradsole), 635 Seebohm, Mr, 29 n., 37 n., 44 n., Santiago de Compostella, 305, 413 48 n., 61 n., 98 n., 100 n., 101 n., Santo Andrea di Norettona (S. 107, 111 n., 113 n., 167, 326 n., Andrew's, Northampton), 640 327 n., 331 n., 335 Santo Andrea di Verrvicche (S. Seed, 71, 234, 530 n., 543 Andrew's, York), 636 Seggebrock (Sedgebrook), 240 Santo nogliborgo Sestri (Colchester), Seignorage, 432 640 Seme, 197, 647 Santo Usgualdo (S. Oswald's, Nos- Selby, 638 tell), 638 Seiden, 304 n. Saracens, 86 n., 184, 185,198, 304 n. Self-government, 211 Sarclare, 578 Self-interest, 556, 562, 566 Sardinia, 198 Self-sufficiency, 13, 70, 72 Satins, 525 Sellebi (Selby), 638 Saturdays, 338, 500 Seller, 115, 248, 251, 252, 458, 461 n. Savage, 114 Semitic, 48 n. Savine, 402 n. Semperingham, 635 Saxon Shore, 51, 61 Senescalcia, 237 Saxons, 30 n., 48, 54, 58 n., 61, 83, Seneschal, 237, 240 85 n., 122 Seneschallus, 233 n. Saxony, 52 n. Sentiment, 556 f. Scaldings, 327 Serf, 37 n., 46, 63, 106 f., Ill, 134, Scales, 52 n. 376 Scandinavia, 183, 417, 418 and Christianity, 30, 107 Scarborough, 385 n., 454, 492, 498, See Villains. 507 Serfdom, see Villains fair at, 87 n. Serrura, 598 piracy at, 301 n. Servants, 331 n., 351, 429, 431, 533 Scholars, 493, 537 wages, 334, 390, 405, 449 Science, economic, see Political See Journeymen, Labourers. Economy Servi, 85 Scio, 494 Services, commutation of, 106, 113, Sclavonians, 426 n. 167, 215, 231, 233, 236, 398 f., 462, , 189, 190, 190 n., 191, 584 191 n., 216, 219, 221 n., 519 enumeration of, 107, 167 n., Scotland, 51, 269 n., 303, 548 233, 236, 570 f. analogies with, 189 n., 348, military, 66, 102, 139, 141 534 payments by, 22, 104, 134, contrast with, 141, 189 n., 348 233 f., 236, 553 influence on, 224, 312 n., 348 predial, 99 n., 113 n., 164 n., monasteries in, 67 n., 423, 166 n., 167 and n., 174 and n., 629 f. 215, 226, 231, 332, 398 f., 402, towns in, 95, 184, 221 n., 224, 462, 534, 570 f. 247 n., 285, 348, 523 n. Servientes, 643 and n. village community in, 44 n., Servus, see Serf, also Slaves 48 n. Seven Cities, 502

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INDEX.. 717

Severn, 223 n. Siglum, 567 Shapp, 635 Sigurd, 105 n. Shardelowe, Ela, 310 n. Silchester, 59 Sharpe, John, 410 n. Silk, 130 n., 132 n., 297, 429, 430 n., Shaston, 507 503 Shearmen, 245 n., 437, 515, 518 Silkworkers, 338 n., 353 n., 429 at Coventry, 442 Silver, 122 f., 208, 432, 542 f., 560 at Ypres, 307 exportation of, 326, 542 London, 340 n., 351, 443 n. importation of, 196, 395, 469 Sheep, 107, 163, 388 n., 438, 560, mining, 65 n. 647 standard of, 284 breeds of, 439, 517 ratio of to gold, 358, 652 n. price of, 130, 171 n., 544 n. value of, 327 n., 535 n., 543, Sheep Farming, 210, 331 n., 379, 546 f. 397, 442, 448, 462, 480, 526 f., See Bullion, Coinage. 551, 553, 555, 559 Simolia, 630 Sheepcote, 405 Simon, Bishop of Ely, 332 n. Sheep-run, 526, 529 Simon de Montfort, 192, 206, 270, Sheffield, 214, 340, 521, 539 n. 286 n., 305 Shelford (Notts.), 639 Simone Gherardi, 628 Shell, 121 Sisante (Chicksand), 636 Shepherd, 238, 404 n. Sites, 97 Sheppey, 570 Sixhill, 636 Sherborne, 85, 507 Skill, 342, 475 Sheriff, 3, 134, 141, 148, 156 f., 166, Skinners, 334 174, 206, 216, 249, 278, 281, 360, Skraelings, 114 n. ; see Esquimaux 452, 653 Skye, 527 Shilling, 122, 154, 535 n. Slaves, 35 n., 45, 53, 58 n., 100 n., Ship, 48, 82, 197, 301 n., 403 n., Ill, 540 427 n., 468 f., 474, 480 n., 498, as units of value, 116, 122 645; see Galleys liberation of, 100 n. Shipbuilding, 82, 413 f., 482, 498 f., price of, 123 n. 506, 535 trade in, 30, 85 f. Shipowners, 291, 383, 394 Slavs, 196 Shippers, 314, 318, 394 Sleep, 477 Shipping, 52, 374, 550 Sleswick, 52 n. decay of, 291, 2j3 n., 395, 409, Sliding scale, 250 412 f., 490 Sluys, 185, 185 n. See Navigation Acts. Smelting, 65, 442 n. Shipwrights, 491, 535 Smith, 77, 132, 334, 491 Shoemakers, 214, 334, 491 Smith, Adam, 232, 275 n., 413, 470, Shoes, 430 n. 480 Shops, 3, 3 n., 179, 284, 512 Henry, 448 Shoreham, 508 Miss L. Toulmin, 241, 243 n. Shouldham, 636 Mr J. Toulmin, 522 Shrewsbury, 210 n., 281 n., 385 n. Smuggling, 177 n., 278, 416 n., 492 foreigners at, 173, 188, 226, Soap making, 179 n. 643, 645, 654 f. Soc, 103, 166 n., 179 n., 211 n. craft gilds at, 446 Sochemanni, 141 decay of, 173, 507 Society, 5, 6, 16, 99 f., 545, 556, Earl of, 411 642 f. George, Earl of, 539 n. Feudal, 107, 137, 379 gild merchant of, 221 n., 345, Modern, 464, 559 651 See Organisation. Shrines, 95, 413; see Pilgrims Socmen, 164, 167, 171, 176 Shylock, 258 Soham, 166 n., 171, 171 n. Sibton, 634 Soil, 380, 389, 557 Sicchisille (Sixhill), 636 exhaustion of, 442 Sicily, 143, 272 n., 647 Soke, 191 Sierra Leone, 39 n., 47 n. Solar, 295 n. Sifolco, 635 Soldamo (Shouldham), 636 Sigeburt, Bishop, 85 Soldiers, 111, 412 n., 644

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718 INDEX.

Solidus, 122 Staple, changes in the, 312, 313, 315, Somerset, 244, 435, 519, 540 316 n., 317, 416 n., 496 n. Duke of, 489, 522 definition of, 311 n. Somerset's case, 534 n. economic advantages of, 312, Somerton, 508 316 Sorbonne, 536 n. mayor of the, 222 n., 312, 316, Souls, 420 416 n. Sound, the, 84 merchant of the, 313, 317 n., Southampton, 82 n., 244, 385 n., 415, 495, 496 410, 507, 643, 645 ordinances of, 316, 438 Gild at, 217, 221 n. origin of the, 311, 415 n., 622 Italians at, 425, 426 n. towns, 293, 312, 313, 316, 417f., mart at, 496 425, 434 n., 493, 501 n. trade of, 177 n., 278, 281 n., Staplers, 291, 311, 325, 415 n., 544 n. 302 n., 413, 505 Star Chamber, 624 Southampton Water, 304 n. Starkey, Thomas, 526, 537, 555 Southous, Walter, 360, 361, 365, 366 State, the, 558 Southwark, 93, 644 Statera, 324 Sovereignty of the sea, 268, 303, Statistics, 493 n., 539 303 n., 411 n. Status, social, 46, 66, 111, 113, 134, Spain, 86 n., 484, 487, 491, 502 217, 384, 465 and discoveries, 504 commercial, 222 economic policy of, 288, 479, See Villains, Jews. 490 Statuta Civitatis, 280 trade with, 85 n., 426 n., 427 Statute Book, 553 wool of, 314, 439 Steamers, 12 See Santiago, Aragon. Steelyard, 195, 422, 654; see Han- Spalding, 639 sards Spaniards, 315, 485, 555 Stephanus de Cornhull, 176 n. Spanish Main, 488 Stephen, 136, 139, 151, 154, 155, Specie, 207 209, 648 Speculation, 250, 326, 543 n. Sterling, 326 Spicerers, 324 Stervelyng, see Stirling Spices, 130 n., 196, 323, 393, 423, Stevenson, 126 n. 426, 478, 555 Steward, 213, 214 n., 452 Spinners, 438, 515 n. Stigand, 179 n. Spital, 509 Stint, 416 Spitzbergen, 506 Stirling, 301 n. Spurriers, 340 n. Stoche, 644 Stafford, 96, 282 n., 507 Stock, Farm, 45, 72, 77, 106, 126, Staines, 168 n., 178 n. 165, 171 n., 230, 233, 239, 296, Staircase, 295 n. 397, 532 Stalleo in Guarvicche (Stonely), 633 Stock and Land, see Lease Stalleo in Zestri (Stanlaw), 632 Stock in Trade, 4, 16, 463, 564 Stamford, 93, 198, 277 n., 385 n., Stockfishmonger, 419 n. 455 Stockholm, 88 Fair, 192, 205 Stocks, 537 Stamp, 358 Stoneham, 426 n. Standard, Battle of the, 648 Stonely, 633 Standard, double, 471 Stop of Exchequer, 289 of cloth, 322 f. Stores, 34, 35 of coinage, 283, 328, 542 f., Naval, 482, 498 545 f. Stortebeker, 301 of comfort, 297, 386 f., 479 Stourbridge Fair, 180, 181 of value, 116, 543, 547; see Stradcloutis, 597 Units Straits, 428 Stanes, 168 n., 178 n. Stralsund, 302 n., 420 Stanfield, 637 Strassburg, 183, 245 n. Stanforte (Stratford, Essex), 634 Strata Florida, 634 n. Stanlaw, 632 Stratford, 507 Stanlegh, 632 Stratford at Bow, 391 n. Stanton Lacy, 187 n. Stratford (Essex), 634

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INDEX.. 719

Strathclyde, 60 n. , 152, 153, 201, 217 n., 519 Streams, tidal, 97 Tallow, 506, 544 n. Streets, 246 and n., 506 Tally, 157, 158 n., 235 Stretton Baskerville, 448, 529 Talmud, 202 n., 286 Stringers (Bowstring makers), 340 n. Tames, 523 n. Strozzi, Lorenzo, 417 Tamo (Thame), 633 Stuarts, 380, 396 n., 483 Tamworth, 96 Stump, 523 Tangmere, 165 n. Sturton, Lord, 411 Tanners, 214, 229, 514, 653 Stykeswold, 637 Tanterna (Tintern), 632 Subinfeudation, 176 Tapestry, 25 Subsidy, 277, 278, 296, 487, 519, 561 Tapicers, 340 n. General, 548, 549, 550 Tariff, 250 men, 548 Tartars, 477 Suburbs, 456, 512 Taunton, 128 n., 508 Sudbury, 385 n. Taverner, 318, 319 Simon of, 404 Taverner, John, 413 Sudtone (Sutton), 647 n. Tavistock, 507 Suevi, 31 n., 50, 53, 54, 62 Taxation, 262, 359, 550, 561, 653 Suffolk, 163, 169 n., 400, 435 • assessment of, 125, 163 n., 164, Sugar, 72, 426 n. 165 n., 174, 295, 521, 548 f., 654 Suino Inoldarnesa (Swinhey), 637 certainty of, 104, 296 Sulleby, 635 • exemptions from, 164 n., 440, Sulphur, 132 n. 454, 547 Sumptuary laws, see Legislation equality of, 400 n. Sunday, 30, 406, 440 n. • feudal, 138, 148 f. Supper, 309 incidence of, 217, 295, 316, Surgeons, 412 n. 400, 645 Surrey, 161 n., 165 n. inconvenience of, 276, 325 Survey, 233, also see Domesday papal, 105, 198, 207, 259, Surveying, 553 272, 363, 378, 423 Survivals, 25,44n., 60n., 96,113, 225 pressure of, 259, 296, 376, 400, Sussex, 60 n., 165 n., 570 456, 488, 506, 519, 645, 653, 655 Sutona, 169 n. responsibility for, 102, 216 Suzerainty, 267, 268 ' of moveables, 152,174, 295, 296 Svinsivede (Swineshead), 631 in service, 22, 276 Swansea, 508 See Customs, Revenue. Sweating, 336, 466 Tax Rolls, 331 n. Sweden, 51 n., 88, 413 n., 415,421 Taylor, Dr Isaac, 126 n. Swedes, 183 Team, 103 Swine, 72, 79, 169, 544 n. Teams, 3, 62, 77, 119, 126 n., 163, Swineherd, 78, 168, 238 165, 171 ii., 398, 553 Swineshead, 631 Teasles, 193, 305, 439, 656 Swinfield, Bishop, 242, 244, 245 Tegulator, 568 Swinhey, 637 Templars, 160, 209, 274, 288 Swiss, 424 suppression of, 275, 380 Swords, 48, 406 Temple, 274, 274 n., 400 Swynsty, 405 Tenant farmers. 397, 398, 462 Symon of Lynn, 195 Tenants, 16, 106, 106 n., 141, 165 f., Synagogue, 288 233, 529, 532, 553, 562, 644 f. Syracuse, 426 n. Ecclesiastical, 218 n., 273, Syria, 185, 196, 198, 199 530 n. System, see Mercantile, Three-field free, 63 n., 92, 101 n., 103, 113, 164 n., 233, 273 Tabernarii, 382 in chief, 176, 273, 643 Tacitus, 29, 34, 37, 38, 42, 43 n., 51, of ancient domain, 63 n., 176, 56 n., 61, 107 217, 271 Tacksman, 534 See Villains, Serf, etc. Tailors, 245, 334, 340 n., 491 Tenby, 187, 508 Merchant, 444 Tennis ball, 430 n. of Exeter, 192, 341 Tenth and Fifteenth, 152, 295 f., of Bristol, 383, 414 326, 334, 454 f., 507, 520, 547 f., Tale, see Paymeut 551

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720 INDEX.

Tents, 412 n. Tithe, 44 n., 105, 112, 152, 157 Terminology, 6, 17, 18, 98, 110, 128 Tofschef, 579 Territorium, 55 Toft, 38, 62 Tertiaries, 443 n. Token money, 543 Tettesbury, John, 360 Toll, 103, 123 n., 128, 149, 180, 181, Teutonic Europe, 43 217, 218, 220, 222, 223, 277, 278, knights, 417 282, 311 n., 321, 452 n., 643 legend, 49 Tolley, John, 345 n. peoples, 31 Tolta mala, 277 Tewkesbury, 640 Ton, 121, 124, 433 n. Thame, 633 Tools, 133, 463 Thames, 383, 491, 497, 498 Toppolino (Tupholm), 634 Thane-right, 93 Toritone (Torrington), 645 n. Thanet, 57, 61 Tornai presso aspaldinghe (Thorney), Thatcher, 77 639 Theft, 129 n., 526 Torno!ino (Thornholm), 638 Thegns, 64, 66, 93, 102 Torr, 635 n. Gild, 60 n. Toscanelli, Paolo, 476 Theologians, 536, 558 Totnes, 191, 221 n. Thetford, 385 n. Tottenham, 202 n. Thicket, 637 Touch, 284, 542 Thirsk, 630 of Paris, 284 Thomas, S., 85 Touraine, 484 Thomas Aquinas, S., 245, 252, 254, Tournaments, 309, 455 256, 257, 258, 259, 270, 356 Tourta, 569 Thomas de Basingges, 176 n. Tower, the, 511, 646 Thomas, John, 504 Tower pound, 432 Thoresby, 240 Town-house, 246 Thorne, Robert, 504, 555 Towns, 14, 152, 172, 206, 211, 284, Thorney, 639 320, 383 n., 384, 442, 464, 491, Abbot of, 161 526, 529, 536, 545, 548, 551, 564, Thornholm, 638 622, 641, 651 Thorpe, Mr B., 117 agricultural character of, 2, Three-field system, 74, 126, 126 n., 174, 215, 227 527 charters of, 211f., 225, 278,293 Threshing, 334 constitution of, 174,211, 219f., Thrift, 311 225 f. Throseby (Thoresby), 240 decay of, 173, 298, 373, 376, Thrums, 439 440, 449, 453 f., 468, 488, 506 f., Thurkytel, 102 512, 518, 520 Ticcifeltro (Tychfield), 635 foreigners in, 174 n., 188, Tichbourne, 117 n. 217 f., 226, 248, 281, 292, 299, Tidd S. Giles, 454 446, 513, 564 f., 643, 645, 650, Tiles, 387 655 Tilitea (Tiltey), 634 free, 215, 264, 267 n., 278 f. Tillage, 31, 61, 70, 76, 126 n., 132, market, 94 n., 96, 223 n., 282, 174, 259, 488, 527, 553, 565 646 decay of, 331 n., 332, 403, 440, origin of, 24, 92 f., 246 448, 450, 489, 526, 532, 565 planting of, 246 encotuagement of, 406, 447, Roman, 59 482, 551 Scottish, 95, 184, 348 extensive, 33, 38 f., 42, 44 n., and monasteries, 72 n., 95, 62, 73 210, 213 intensive, 42, 43, 43 n., 44 n., See Gilds. 73, 76 n., 99 Town hall, 225 See Agriculture, Three-field, Farm- Trade, 270, 486, 650 ing, Husbandry. balance of, 395, 563 Tillingham, 126 n. carrying, 393, 427, 474 Tiltey, 634 centres of, 92 f., 174, 652 Tin, 2, 65, 132, 196, 427, 428, 481 coasting, 482 Tine chotte (Thicket), 637 export, 130, 178, 196, 278, 311, Tintern, 632 382, 423, 628

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INDEX.. 721

Trade, foreign, 84, 94, 128, 182,196, Turks, 477 383 n., 414 f., 506 Tuscan, 424 freedom of, 284 Tusser, Thomas, 528 illicit, 278, 418 Tweed, 649 import, 132 n., 317, 382, 506 Twelf-hynde, 101 n. internal, 72, 78, 79, 94, 128, Two-field system, 126 178, 182, 382, 393, 550 Twyford, John de, 448 See Routes. Twy-hynde, 101 n. Trade, the, 491 Tyburn, 178 n. Trade marks, 441, 513, 516 Tychfield, 635 Traders, 285, 544, 558 n., 647, 651 Tyler, Wat, 383, 400 n. Trades, 348 Type, 14, 27, 29, 53, 109, 114, 163 Trades Unions, 337, 560 n. Typhoid, 389 Trading, 52, 246, 488, 642, 651 Tyranny, 271, 489 interest, 211 Tyrant, 355 royal, 486, 488 Tramps, 334, 406, 533, 537 Uborno (Woburn), 633 Transition, 144, 489 Ugo Spini, 628 Transmutation of metals, 432 n. Umiliati, 628 Travel, see Discovery Unemployed, 536, 566; see Poor Treasure, 329, 396, 469, 545, 561, Unfree, 219; see Cottars, Serf, 563 f., 648 Slaves, Villains importance of, 377, 433, 470 f., Units, 46, 109, 116 f., 119 f., 120, 481, 486 125 f., 465 methods for acquiring, 481 Unwin, Mr, 444, 446 n. Treasurer, 243 Upland men, 217, 219, 446, 470 Treasury, 160, 549 Urban V., 317 n. Treaties, 410 n. Uriconium, 59 commercial, 84, 414, 492 f. Usgualdo, S. (Nostell), 638 Treatise, see Husbandry Usipetes, 53 Trebizond, 196 Usk, 508 Trebuchet, 584 Usurpations, 271 Tree of the Commonwealth, 556 Usury, 10, 15, 256, 357, 359, 377, Trees, 55, 67, 109, 554 486, 558 Trent, 281 n. and City ordinances, 224 n., 361 Trentham, 639 and Jews, 202, 204, 208, 363 Trepeslau (Thriplow), 166 n. and Papal Merchants, 363 Tresche (Thirsk), 630 objections to, 255,361,366, 463 Tressels, 235 See Loans. Tret, 569 Uttangenethief, 584 Trevelyan, Mr G. M., 398n., 400n. Utility, 461 Tribal Hidage, the, 126 n. Utopia, 555 "Trinity," 413 Utrecht, 418, 422 Trinity House, 497 Trinoda necessitas, 68 n., 104 Vagrants, 409, 536 Tronage, 313, 325 Vale of Belvoir, 244 Trone, 324 Vale Royal, 634 Troy pound, 123 n. Valle Crucis, 634 n. Troyes fair, 84 Value, in use, 115 Truce of God, 145, 147 of estates, 170, 235 Truck, 438, 458, 546 units of, 121, 122, 126 Truro, 456, 508 Van John, 289, 432 n. Tudors, 44, 296, 308 n., 327 n., 374, Vareale In gualesi (Vale Royal 379, 380, 414, 457, 471, 483, 488, [Dernhall]), 634 534, 543, 549 f., 552, 558, 562, 654 Varenbergh, E., 623, 628, 645 n. Tun, 62 Vaudey, 631 Tun, 121, 150, 277, 320 Venetians, 91 n., 424 f., 475, 476, Tunnage and Poundage, 278, 411, 503, 549 550 Galleys, 197 n., 414, 425 f. Tupholm, 634 Venice, 426, 468 n., 473, 493, 498 Turm, 197 and the East, 147, 185, 198 f., Turkey Company, 494 477 f.

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722 INDEX.

Yenice, Merchant of, 363 Wage, nominal and real, 389 Yerdun, 85 n. reasonable, 250, 335, 342, 461 Verruicche (York), 637 Wage-earners, 442 n. Verrvicche (York), 636 Wager of Battle, 214 Yeruicche (York), 637, 638 Wainage, 282 Verulam, 56, 59, 61 Wainscot, 387 Yervicche (York), 630 Wainshilling, 128 n. Vestments, 310, 540 Waitz, 37, 44 n. Vestrebellanda (Westmoreland), 635 Walcher of Lorraine, 646 Vestry, 95 n. Wales, 108, 223, 225, 283, 648 f. Vesture, 600 measures in, 118, 120 n. Vichamo (Wvckham), 637 tillage in, 40 n., 42 n., 62 Victual Brothers, 301, 409 villainage in, 111 n., 402 Victuallers, 299, 491, 523 weavers in, 190, 308 Victuals, 520, 523, 536, 544 n. Wallace, Sir D. M., 42 Vicus, 37 n., 44 Walsingham, 333 n., 402 Vigils, 500 Walter of Henley, 238, 552 f. Vikings, 52 n., 100 n. Walter of Lindsey, 161 Village Community, 36 n., 44 f., 77, Waltham, 640 99 n., 101 n., Ill, 113, 275 n. Walton, 636 free, 63, 113 Wanderjahr, 352 Villages, 3, 34, 37 f., 44 f., 61, 62, War, 7, 61, 93 n., 336 n., 557, 563 92, 95, 111, 113, 126, 162, 421, and free citizens, 92 430, 469, 491, 529 as a trade, 32, 50 migration of industry to, 509, French, 298, 309, 336 n., 391, 512, 518, 520 455, 484 f., 518 self-sufficient, 13, 70f., 77, 78n. of Boses, 391, 453, 455 Villainage, 63 n., 399 n., 402, 534 Private, 30 n., 145 Villains, 162, 164, 168, 170, 179, weapons of, 425 210, 534, 642 n., 643 Warbeck, Perkin, 487 grievances of, 398, 399 Ward, Richard, 504 holding of, 77,167, 168 and n. Warden, of Gilds, 338, 351 n., 464, revolt of, 399, 401 n., 402 512, 513, 516, 519, 525 status of, 63, 63 n., 100 n., Goldsmiths, 284, 441 113 n., 167,168, 217n., 237, 398 n., of the Cinque Ports, 220 n., 283 402 n. See Mint. taxation of, 282, 296, 462 Wardon, 633 See Serf, Services. Wardrobe, 242, 244 Villani, 167; see Villains Wards, 180, 212, 383 Villes franches, 267 n. Warectum, 593 Vine, 55, 319 n. Wareham, 173 Vinetarii, 382 Warehouses, 81 Vineyards, 160, 318, 318 n., 554 Warenne, Earl, 161 Vingorla, 37 n. Wares, 81, 116, 465, 546, 562, 565 Vinogradoff, Prof., 39 n., 40 n., 41 n., Warfare, 32, 50, 92, 93 n., 231 44 n., 62 n., 63 n., 117 n., 167 n. Warnkonig, 181 n. Vintners, 338, 381 n., 382, 396 n. Warren, 176 Virga, 612 Warriors, 49, 49 n., 50 Virgate, 125, 126, 167, 171, 644 Warwick, 96, 172 n., 508 Visby, 88 Earl of, 422 Vivaldo, Ugolino, 476 Warwickshire, 448, 643 n. Voet, 409 Waspail, Ralf, 160 Vortigern, 57 Waste, Common, 32, 40, 41, 43, 45, Voyages, 554 46, 62, 72, 77, 99 n., 164, 169, Vynland, 90, 476 171 n., 233, 530 n. Wastel bread, 567 Wadon (Whaddon), 103 n. Waston, Richard, 419 n. Wage, 329, 390, 398 Waterford, 94 n. assessment of, 228, 251, 334, Water-mill, 78 n. 405, 449, 534 Water-supply, 82 combinations to raise, 334,352, Watling Street, 91 544 and n. Waulkers, 189 n.; see Fullers

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INDEX.. 723

Waverley, 633 William the Conqueror and towns, Wax, 172, 244 173 chandlers, 340 n. and Yorkshire, 2, 165 Wealth, 116, 205, 369, 563 f. and Jews, 150 accumulation of, 36, 81, 463, policy of, 135, 140 f., 162, 207, 559, 566 262, 275, 468 desire of, 465 taxation by, 126,148f.,162,177 ecclesiastical, 269, 531 n. William H., 137f., 144, 180n., 209, national, 357, 468 272 Weavers, before Conquest, 2, 82, 647 William in., 21, 358, 565 complaints of, 445, 518, 523 William IV., 136 Flemish, 60, 143, 187, 189 f., William of Malmesbury, 194, 196, 190 n., 226, 304 f., 641 f., 647 649 and n. gilds, 191, 193, 305, 337, 341, of Pinchengi, 644 444, 642, 652 f. of Worcester, 333 n., 413 n. in Flanders, 306 f. of Ypres, 648 in Italy, 197, 338 n. son of Holdegar, 160 in London, 191, 306 n., 308 n., Willis, John, 411 n. 314, 341, 345 n., 352, 383, 624, Willoughby, Hugh, 505 652 Wills, 98 n., 333 n. See Protective Legislation. Wilsford, 391 n. Week-work, 107, 167, 168, 234 Wiltshire, 62 n., 148 n., 295 n., 644, Weekly hiring, 524 645 n. Weigh, 130 Earl of, 411 Weighers, 289, 313 Wimelton (Wilmington), 350 Weights, 121 f., 237, 263, 412 n. Wimpol, 178 n. Welbeck, 635 Wimundewalle fWymeswold), 643 n. Wellow, 638 Winchcomb, John, 515 n., 523 Wells, 294, 385 n. Winchcombe, 640 Welsh co-aration, 41 Winchelsea, 246 n., 279, 498 Cistercian houses, 634 n. Winchester, 162, 217 n., 244, 385 n., language, 108 654 n., 655 merchants, 282 n. Bishop of, 117 n., 128 n., 235 struggle with, 53, 57 f., 67, Countess of, 206 92 custom of, 223 n., 224, 229 S. Werburgh's ; see Fair, Chester decay of, 330 n., 507 Wergild, 48, 100 n. fair at, 181 n., 452 Wessex, 2, 60 n., 70, 88 —- gild of, 129, 219, 259 n. West Indies, 473 Statute of, 280 West Riding, 515, 530 n. trade of, 316 Westminster Abbey, 173 n., 178 n. • weavers at, 189 f., 435, 652 f. Westmoreland, 635 Windmill, 401 n., 598 n. Wexford, 94 n. Wine, 132 n., 149, 244, 277, 297, 411, Weymouth, 507 427, 433 n., 471, 490, 544 n., 551 Whales, 131, 506 • English, 160, 318 n., 553 Wheat, 74, 75 from Gascony, 197, 290, 302, price of, 407, 543, 568 318 f., 393 Whepe, 598 from Germany, 194, 197, 422 Whitby, 68 n., 385 n., 638 from Rouen, 131, 194, 197 White Sea, 84 Winetunners, 382 White Tower, the, 646 Winslow, 570, 586, 610 Whitsuntide, 127 Wisbech, 384, 454, 522 Whittawyers, 340 n. Wismar, 417, 420 Whitwell, Mr, 272 n., 634 n. Wita, 127 n. Wholesale, 130, 382, 383 n. Witan, 68 Widows, 352, 624 Witenagemot, 69 Wigan, 508 Wiveton, 420 Wigmore Abbey, 295 n. Woad, 425, 490, 490 n., 551 Wigton, 60 n. Woburn, 633 Wilburton, 234 n., 398 Wolf, 483 William, brother of Henry II., 161 Wolf, L., 204 n., 287 n., 288 n. William the Conqueror, 1, 2, 14, 21, Wolmarus de Estchep, 176 n. 138, 139, 143, 642 f. Wolowski, L., 356

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724 INDEX.

Wolsey, Cardinal, 490, 510, 529 Wynkyn de Worde, 239 n., 553 n., Women workers, 347 n., 348 n., 554 n. 352 f., 515 n. Wynselowe (Winslow), 586 Wood, 506, 532 Wyttering, 639 Woodbury, 129 n. Wool, 180 n., 181, 218, 277 f., 283, Yard, 119, 120 303, 515 n., 526, 529, 628 Yardland, 76 n., 107 export of, 130, 176,178,190 n., Yarmouth, 222 n., 246 n., 278,316, 192, 196, 198, 207, 210, 268, 305, 385 n., 420, 520 308 f., 313, 316, 395, 423, 628 Black Death at, 333 n. growing, 210, 467, 647 decay of, 454, 455, 507 policy regarding, 130, 192, 297, fair, 224 n., 226 311, 515 fishing at, 321 price of, 130, 314 f., 317, 462, and Cinque Ports, 224 n., 226, 544 and n., 628 279, 320 Spanish, 314 n., 439 Yarn, 439, 517 staplers, 387 n., 428, 544 n. Yearly tenancies, 532 weighing of, 288, 313, 323 n., . Yedingham, 638 325 Yeoman, 308, 310, 439 n. See Sheep, Staple. farmers, 398 Woolfells, 277, 428 gilds, 352 n., 443, 444 Woollen, burying in, 479, 480 York, 93, 97, 102, 173, 217 n., 218, drapers, 520 224, 281, 294, 303, 306, 316, 385n., Woolmen, 515 n. 420, 519, 630 Worcester, 128 n., 166 n., 175, 226, Archbishop of, 287 282 n., 385 n. decay of, 507 Bishop of, 169 n. gilds at, 521 n. decay of, 507, 518 Jews at, 205, 287 Earl of, 411 poor at, 539 gilds at, 221 n. Roman, 2, 59 Worcestershire, 164 n., 167 n., 188 n., S. Andrew's, 636 519 S. Mary's, 638 Work, 204, 204 n., 556 f., 560 n. weavers at, 191, 652 Worksop, 638 Yorkists, 425, 429, 457 Worstead, 305 n. Yorkshire, 1, 126n., 143,164n., 165, Worsted, 322, 435, 441 n., 459, 517, 169, 218, 453, 519, 522 n., 530 n., 525 635 n. Worth, 187 n. Ypres, 187 n., 306, 306 n., 307, 536 n. Wreckage, 176, 280, 280 n., 430 Ystrat Marchel, 632 Writing, 81 Ytallici, see Italian Wulfstan, 84 Wyckham, 637 Zealand, 306, 412 n., 415 Wycliffe, John, 400, 400 n. Zealanders, 302 n. Wycombe, 507 Zeno, 91 n.

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