(Douala, Cameroon). : a Geochemical Study of Water Dynamic from the Atmosphere to the Subsurface

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

(Douala, Cameroon). : a Geochemical Study of Water Dynamic from the Atmosphere to the Subsurface Hydrological processes in a hyper-humid coastal area with strong anthropogenic influences (Douala, Cameroon). : A geochemical study of water dynamic from the atmosphere to the subsurface. Bertil Nlend To cite this version: Bertil Nlend. Hydrological processes in a hyper-humid coastal area with strong anthropogenic in- fluences (Douala, Cameroon). : A geochemical study of water dynamic from the atmosphere tothe subsurface.. Hydrology. Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Université de Douala, 2019. English. NNT : 2019UBFCD055. tel-03128471 HAL Id: tel-03128471 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03128471 Submitted on 2 Feb 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE DE DOCTORAT EN COTUTELLE INTERNATIONALE PREPARÉE A L’UNIVERSITÉ DE BOURGOGNE FRANCHE-COMTÉ École doctorale n°554 Environnement-Santé Doctorat de géologie - Structure et évolution de la Terre Par M. Bertil NLEND Processus hydrologiques dans une zone côtière hyper- humide sous forte influence anthropique (Douala, Cameroun). Une étude géochimique de la dynamique de l'eau de l'atmosphère au sous-sol. Thèse présentée et soutenue à Besançon, le 10 septembre 2019 devant le jury composé de : M. HUNEAU Frédéric Professeur à l’Université de Corse - Pascal Paoli Président M. Stephen FOSTER Professeur à l’University College of London Rapporteur M. Philippe LE COUSTUMER MCU HDR à l’Université de Bordeaux 1 Rapporteur Mme. Camille RISI Chargé de Recherche HDR à l’Université Paris Sorbone Examinateur M. Benjamin POHL Chargé de Recherche HDR à l’UBFC Examinateur M. Guillaume BERTRAND MCU à l’UBFC Examinateur Mme. Hélène CELLE-JEANTON Professeur à l’UBFC Directrice de thèse M. Jacques ETAME Professeur à l’Université de Douala Co-directeur de thèse M. Marc STEINMANN MCU HDR à l’UBFC Invité THÈSE DE DOCTORAT EN COTUTELLE INTERNATIONALE PREPARÉE A L’UNIVERSITÉ DE FRANCHE-COMTÉ École doctorale n°554 Environnement-Santé Doctorat de géologie - Structure et évolution de la Terre Par M. Bertil NLEND Hydrological processes in hyper-humid coastal area with strong anthropogenic influences (Douala, Cameroon). A geochemical study of water dynamic from the atmosphere to the subsurface. Thèse présentée et soutenue à Besançon, le 10 septembre 2019 devant le jury composé de : M. HUNEAU Frédéric Professeur à l’Université de Corse - Pascal Paoli Président M. Stephen FOSTER Professeur à l’University College of London Rapporteur M. Philippe LE COUSTUMER MCU HDR à l’Université de Bordeaux 1 Rapporteur Mme. Camille RISI Chargé de Recherche HDR à l’Université Paris Sorbone Examinateur M. Benjamin POHL Chargé de Recherche HDR à l’UBFC Examinateur M. Guillaume BERTRAND MCU à l’UBFC Examinateur Mme. Hélène CELLE-JEANTON Professeur à l’UBFC Directrice de thèse M. Jacques ETAME Professeur à l’Université de Douala Co-directeur de thèse M. Marc STEINMANN MCU HDR à l’UBFC Invité « Je me suis toujours posé des questions sur les gouttes de pluie. Je me demande comment elles tombent en trébuchant les unes sur les autres, en se brisant les jambes et en oubliant leur parachute quand elles dégringolent direct du ciel vers une fin incertaine. » “I always wondered about the raindrops. I wonder how they fall stumbling over each other, breaking their legs and forgetting their parachute when they tumble down from the sky towards an uncertain end.” Insaisissable, tome 1 : Ne me touche pas de Tahereh Mafi Remerciements Tout au début de cette belle aventure qu’est la thèse se trouve une femme qui avait dédié la majeure partie de sa vie de sciences à l’hydrogéologie du bassin de Douala. Béatrice Ketchemen-Tandia est celle qui a guidé mes premiers pas dans la recherche en dirigeant mes travaux de Master sur la signature isotopique des pluies à Douala. C’est elle qui très tôt m’a mis à l’école des articles ; elle m’a mis le pied à l’étrier et m’a aidé à développer ma passion pour les isotopes. Je n’oublierai jamais toute la peine qu’elle a prise lors de la constitution de mon dossier pour l’obtention de la bourse de doctorat que j’aurai finalement eue. Je n’oublierai jamais son implication financière et matérielle lors de mes campagnes de terrain. Bien plus qu’une encadrante, Béatrice a été pour moi comme une mère. J’aurais aimé la compter parmi les membres du jury ce 10/09/2019 jour de ma soutenance, mais le ciel en a décidé autrement. De là où elle se trouve j’espère qu’elle est fière de moi et je lui fais la promesse d’être un bon hydrogéologue pour mon pays comme elle l’a toujours souhaité. Je remercie Hélène Celle-Jeanton pour avoir accepté de diriger cette thèse. En septembre 2016, quand j’arrive pour la première fois au laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, on a à peine de quoi faire une thèse. Hélène a très vite fixé le cap, donner les grandes orientations, défini les articles qu’on fera et établi des collaborations. C’est la meilleure directrice qu’un thésard puisse rêver d’avoir !! Je la remercie pour son enthousiasme qui m’a toujours été bénéfique lors de mes coups de mou^. Enfin, Hélène je veux te remercier pour ton amitié. J’espère qu’on aura l’opportunité de travailler sur pleins d’autres projets et agrandir ainsi ton dossier Cameroun^^. Avec ses fonctions administratives de Directeur de l’IUT de Douala, on ne s’est pas souvent beaucoup vu mais Jacques Etame a bien co-dirigé cette thèse. Je le remercie pour ses conseils toujours pragmatiques et avisés. Il est des hommes qui aiment la science et bien des fois on ne mesure pas la chance qu’on a de l’avoir au sein du Département des Sciences de la Terre de l’Université de Douala. Sa présence à Besançon le 10/09/2019 m’a honoré à plus d’un titre. Je veux maintenant remercier les membres du jury ; les hommes et femmes dont les travaux scientifiques et leur soin de la profession ont rendus éminents : Stephen Foster et Philippe Le Coustumer pour avoir accepté de jouer le rôle de rapporteurs ; Frédéric Huneau, Camille Risi, Benjamin Pohl, Guillaume Bertrand et Marc Steinmann pour avoir pris la peine d’examiner ce travail. Marc je te remercie d’avoir été présent pour les comités de thèse. Guillaume merci pour tes corrections (on en reparle !!). Benjamin, tu es avec Pascal Roucou mon maitre en climatologie. Je vous remercie tous les deux pour votre disponibilité. Camille, ça a été un bonheur de bosser avec toi. Merci pour ta patience et pour m’avoir appris beaucoup sur les isotopes et les processus atmosphériques. Maintenant grâce à toi, je regarde le ciel différemment. Que Genevieve Seze soit également remerciée pour avoir mis à ma disposition les images satellitales des types nuageux. Frédéric, je sais toute la part que tu as dans cette thèse. Merci pour ton énorme soutien analytique et pour les relectures minutieuses des I articles. Un merci également à Emilie Garel pour ses remarques constructives lors des comités de thèse et pour avoir effectué les analyses chimiques. Durant ma thèse j’ai alterné entre Douala et Besançon. Je remercie l’Ambassade de France au Cameroun à travers le SCAC ainsi que toute l’équipe Campus France du Grand Est pour leur coopération et pour avoir facilité mes mobilités. A l’Université de Douala, je remercie Suzanne Nkot, ma grande sœur qui m’a toujours soutenu et encouragé. En l’absence de Béatrice, peu de choses auraient été possibles sans elle. Mes remerciements vont également à l’endroit de tous les enseignants du DST pour m’avoir initié à la géologie. A tous ceux qui m’ont accompagné sur le terrain et qui en plus ne sont pas des hydro je dis Merci. Boris, je te salue tout spécialement pour avoir assuré pour moi en grande partie le suivi journalier des pluies. A Besançon je remercie mes zamis , les meilleurs que j’ai jamais eus, mes compagnons du du -116L : Cyril, Thomas, Méline et José. A chacun de mes séjours en France, vous m’avez toujours acceuilli royalement. Merci à vous les gars pour votre amitié et cette merveilleuse ambiance que vous avez sû entretenir au bureau. Ceci dit, on sait bien qui est le président aux jeux de cartes !!! Merci à Cyril et à sa femme Maud pour les soirées chez eux. Mazette, qu’est ce qu’on s’est marré ! Merci à vous deux de m’avoir fait découvrir les saveurs de cette belle région qu’est la Franche-Comté. Merci à Thomas, le mec capable de se plier en quatre pour ses potes. Merci particulièrement d’avoir été là pour la préparation de ma soutenance et pour m’avoir écouté et aidé lors des repétitions. sì u tippu più bellu !! Promis je veillerai à ce que la langue Corse soit répandue au Cameroun Merci à toi mémé pour nos folies. C’est çaaa Dugars !! Le bureau n’aurait pas été le même sans toi. Merci pour cette dernière semaine passée à Besançon. C’était bon de te revoir. Josélito merci de nous avoir instauré des instants jungle au bureau et pour nous avoir fait gouter avec Pauline au Mezcal^^. Je t’avoue toutefois que je garde de toi cette image en robe de mariée^^.
Recommended publications
  • List of Reviewers 2018
    List of Reviewers (as per the published articles) Year: 2018 International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health ISSN: 2278-1005 2018 - Volume 29 [Issue 1] DOI: 10.9734/IJTDH/2018/38804 (1) Victoria Katawera-Nyanzi, Liberia. (2) Ruqayyah Hamidu Muhammad, Federal University, Nigeria. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/22893 DOI: 10.9734/IJTDH/2018/39170 (1) Sanjay Kumar Gupta, Saudi Arabia. (2) Omotowo Babatunde, University of Nigeria, Nigeria. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/22977 DOI: 10.9734/IJTDH/2018/39180 (1) Ketan Vagholkar, D. Y. Patil University, School of Medicine, India. (2) Claudia Irene Menghi, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/23098 DOI: 10.9734/IJTDH/2018/36283 (1) Shari Lipner, Weill Cornell Medicine, USA. (2) K. R. Raghavendra, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, India. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/23157 DOI: 10.9734/IJTDH/2018/39099 (1) Ali Kemal Erenler, Hitit University, School of Medicine, Turkey. (2) Justin Agorye Ingwu, University of Nigeria, Nigeria. (3) Franco Mantovan, University of Verona, Italy. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/23158 2018 - Volume 29 [Issue 2] DOI: 10.9734/IJTDH/2018/39726 (1) Emmanuel O. Adesuyi, Institute of Nursing Research, Nigeria. (2) Joyce Kinaro, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/23248 DOI: 10.9734/IJTDH/2018/38538 (1) Bamidele Tajudeen, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Nigeria. (2) Tsaku Paul Alumbugu, Nasarawa State University, Nigeria. (3) Irfan Erol, Ankara University, Turkey.
    [Show full text]
  • CLE (Edition 2017) Students Intake 2 Reserve List the Candidates of the Following List Are All Selected to Participate in the CLE Master's Programme (2017- 19)
    Course: 20152322 - Master Erasmus Mundus en Cultures Littéraires Européennes - CLE (Edition 2017) Students Intake 2 Reserve List The candidates of the following list are all selected to participate in the CLE Master's programme (2017- 19) 2017 Intake 2 Partner Country students (66) Family Name First Name Gender Nationality University of origin HIGUCHI Shoichi F Japan Hosei Univeristy GONZALES Gema Charmaine F Philippines University of the Philippines Diliman TSAI Li-Chi F Taiwan Nanjing University TAVARES BRAGA AVELINO Stella F Brazil University of Brasilia CHANG CHÁVEZ Carmen Cecilia F Peru Universidad César Vallejo CHEN Miao F China Shenzhen University BARBOSA LINO Gonzalo Centeotl M Mexico Universidad Vasco de Quiroga TORKBAYAT Sara F Iran University ofTehran EPOKO NOUBISSIE Calvain M Cameroon The University of Douala SWE Su Paing M Myanmar Mandalay University of Foreign Languages TANG Bo M China Renmin University of China GADALLAH Pelagia Adel F Egypt Alexandria university Moawad LABASTIDA SALINAS Daniela F Mexico Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) MARTINEZ COLIN Gabriela F Mexico National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) ROMBLON Sophia Clariz F Philippines University of the Philippines Diliman KURPEL Alina F Russian Federation Saint Petersburg State University MURATOVA Daria F Russian Federation Université d'Etat d'Oulianovsk DE AGUIAR PACHECO Laura F Brazil UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO - UERJ SANJEEVI Krithika M India Jawaharlal Nehru University ROOSTA Fatemeh F Iran University ofTehran COLY Ousmane
    [Show full text]
  • A Systematic Review of the Spectrum of Cardiac Arrhythmias in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Yuyun MF, et al. A Systematic Review of the Spectrum of Cardiac Arrhythmias in Sub-Saharan Africa. Global Heart. 2020; 15(1): 37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.808 ORIGINAL RESEARCH A Systematic Review of the Spectrum of Cardiac Arrhythmias in Sub-Saharan Africa Matthew F. Yuyun1,2, Aimé Bonny3,4,5, G. André Ng6, Karen Sliwa7, Andre Pascal Kengne8, Ashley Chin9, Ana Olga Mocumbi10, Marcus Ngantcha4, Olujimi A. Ajijola11 and Gene Bukhman1,12,13,14 1 Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, US 2 Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, US 3 District Hospital Bonassama, Douala/University of Douala, CM 4 Homeland Heart Centre, Douala, CM 5 Centre Hospitalier Montfermeil, Unité de Rythmologie, Montfermeil, FR 6 National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK 7 Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, ZA 8 South African Medical Research Council and Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, ZA 9 The Cardiac Clinic, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, ZA 10 Instituto Nacional de Saúde and Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, MZ 11 Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center Los Angeles, US 12 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, US 13 Program in Global NCDs and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, US 14 NCD Synergies project, Partners In Health, Boston, US Corresponding author: Matthew F. Yuyun, MD, MPhil, PhD ([email protected]) Major structural cardiovascular diseases are associated with cardiac arrhythmias, but their full spectrum remains unknown in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which we addressed in this systematic review.
    [Show full text]
  • Rachel Ayuk Ojong Diba Tel: (237) 77 18 24 26 Email
    CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Rachel Ayuk Ojong Diba Tel: (237) 77 18 24 26 Email: [email protected] Institution: University of Buea Po Box 63, Buea ………………………………………………………………………………………………… OBJECTIVE To merge my enthusiasm with my desire to grow and gain contemporary research experience in sociolinguistics and in teaching a wide variety of learners as well as contribute to the realization of the goals of your institution. ………………………………………………………………………………………………… EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND v October 2013- present: University of Buea. PhD in Applied Linguistics expected in December 2017. Supervisors: Prof. Ayu’nwi Neba and Dr. Pierpaolo Di Carlo. Thesis: The Sociolinguistic Dynamics of Rural Multilingualism-the case of Lower Fungom. An exploration of rural multilingualism in relation with notions such as polyglossia in a rural linguistically diverse community in Cameroon. v October 2008 – December 2011: The University of Buea. Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics, University of Buea. Supervisors: Prof. Chia and (then) Dr. Ayu’nwi Neba. Dissertation: Language Choice and Identity Negotiation_ Molyko. Examining the linguistic repertoire and the dynamics involved in language choice and use of individuals in a micro urban linguistically diverse area in Cameroon v October 2004 – December 2007: The University of Buea. Bachelor of Arts in General Linguistics University of Buea …………………………………………………………………………………………………. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE v 2012- Present: Instructor: “The Use of English’ program”. Teaching and assessing the use of English course, a general University requirement, to students of various levels at the University of Buea, Cameroon. v 2014- Present: Instructor: The department of Linguistics at the University of Buea. Teaching sociolinguistics courses to 200 and 300 level students. v July and August of every year since 2012: Intensive English Language Programme.
    [Show full text]
  • Gastropod Fauna of the Cameroonian Coasts
    Helgol Mar Res (1999) 53:129–140 © Springer-Verlag and AWI 1999 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Klaus Bandel · Thorsten Kowalke Gastropod fauna of the Cameroonian coasts Received: 15 January 1999 / Accepted: 26 July 1999 Abstract Eighteen species of gastropods were encoun- flats become exposed. During high tide, most of the tered living near and within the large coastal swamps, mangrove is flooded up to the point where the influence mangrove forests, intertidal flats and the rocky shore of of salty water ends, and the flora is that of a freshwater the Cameroonian coast of the Atlantic Ocean. These re- regime. present members of the subclasses Neritimorpha, With the influence of brackish water, the number of Caenogastropoda, and Heterostropha. Within the Neriti- individuals of gastropod fauna increases as well as the morpha, representatives of the genera Nerita, Neritina, number of species, and changes in composition occur. and Neritilia could be distinguished by their radula Upstream of Douala harbour and on the flats that lead anatomy and ecology. Within the Caenogastropoda, rep- to the mangrove forest next to Douala airport the beach resentatives of the families Potamididae with Tympano- is covered with much driftwood and rubbish that lies on tonos and Planaxidae with Angiola are characterized by the landward side of the mangrove forest. Here, Me- their early ontogeny and ecology. The Pachymelaniidae lampus liberianus and Neritina rubricata are found as are recognized as an independent group and are intro- well as the Pachymelania fusca variety with granulated duced as a new family within the Cerithioidea. Littorini- sculpture that closely resembles Melanoides tubercu- morpha with Littorina, Assiminea and Potamopyrgus lata in shell shape.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon: a Geopolitical Analysis
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by European Scientific Journal (European Scientific Institute) European Scientific Journal December 2019 edition Vol.15, No.35 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 The Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon: A Geopolitical Analysis Ekah Robert Ekah, Department of 'Cultural Diversity, Peace and International Cooperation' at the International Relations Institute of Cameroon (IRIC) Doi:10.19044/esj.2019.v15n35p141 URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n35p141 Abstract Anglophone Cameroon is the present-day North West and South West (English Speaking) regions of Cameroon herein referred to as No-So. These regions of Cameroon have been restive since 2016 in what is popularly referred to as the Anglophone crisis. The crisis has been transformed to a separatist movement, with some Anglophones clamoring for an independent No-So, re-baptized as “Ambazonia”. The purpose of the study is to illuminate the geopolitical perspective of the conflict which has been evaded by many scholars. Most scholarly write-ups have rather focused on the causes, course, consequences and international interventions in the crisis, with little attention to the geopolitical undertones. In terms of methodology, the paper makes use of qualitative data analysis. Unlike previous research works that link the unfolding of the crisis to Anglophone marginalization, historical and cultural difference, the findings from this paper reveals that the strategic location of No-So, the presence of resources, demographic considerations and other geopolitical parameters are proving to be responsible for the heightening of the Anglophone crisis in Cameroon and in favour of the quest for an independent Ambazonia.
    [Show full text]
  • Higher Education in Africa Phase III: Angela Gaffney, Alice Golenko, Identifying Successful Regional Networks & Hubs C
    Higher Education in Africa Phase III: Angela Gaffney, Alice Golenko, Identifying Successful Regional Networks & Hubs C. Leigh Anderson, & Mary Kay Gugerty EPAR Brief No. 230 Prepared for the Agricultural Policy Team of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Professor Leigh Anderson, Principal Investigator Associate Professor Mary Kay Gugerty, Principal Investigator April 29, 2013 Overview This paper is the third in EPAR’s series on Higher Education in Africa. Our research tasks in this phase build on Phase I, in which we sought to identify measurable rates of return on tertiary agricultural education in Africa and describe the current state of African higher agricultural education (HAE), and Phase II, in which we identified countries’ experiences with national higher education capacity building through partnership building, cross-border opportunities such as ‘twinning,’ and various retention and diaspora engagement strategies. In this phase we discuss successful regional education models, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. We have organized our findings and analysis into three sections.The first section organizes the literature under categories of regional higher education models or ‘hubs’ and discusses measurement of the regional impact of higher education.The second section provides bibliometric data identifying academically productive countries and universities in Sub-Saharan Africa.The final section provides a list of regional higher education models identified in the literature and through a web-based review of existing higher education networks and hubs. We also include a list of challenges and responses to regional coordination. Approach We have identified several regional higher education models through a web-based literature review. We searched for peer- reviewed journal articles using Google Scholar and the University of Washington Library system using phrases such as “top universities Africa,” “higher education impact,” “transnational higher education Africa,” “regional hubs higher education,” “quality assurance education,” “regional education network”.
    [Show full text]
  • Surgical Outcome of Genito-Urinary Obstetric Fistulas
    Obstetrics & Gynecology International Journal Research Article Open Access Surgical outcome of genito-urinary obstetric fistulas (GUOF) with or without bladder neck involvement: an experience from the University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon Summary Volume 10 Issue 3 - 2019 Surgical Outcome of Genito-urinary obstetric fistulas (GUOF) with or without bladder Pierre Marie Tebeu,1–4 Michel Ekono,5 Claude neck involvement: an experience from the University Teaching Hospital, Yaounde, 2 Cameroon Cyrille Noa Ndoua, Georges Didier Ngassa Meutchi,3 Yvette Nkene Mawamba,4 Charles- Introduction: The GUOF is a solution of continuity between the genital tract and the Henry Rochat6 urinary tract in connection with pregnancy or childbirth. The urethral involvement 1Inter-States High School for Public Health Training of Central seems to be associated to a bad prognosis. However, little is known about this issue. Africa (CIESPAC), Congo 2 Objective: To analyze the result of post-surgical GUOF with or without urethral Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon involvement. 3League for Initiative and Active Research for Women’s Health Methodology: It was a retrospective cohort study. We identified the files of the and Education (LIRASEF), Cameroon 4 patients with or without urethral involvement operated at the department of Obstetrics Department of Gynecology Obstetrics, University Teaching & Gynecology of UTH, Yaounde from March 03, 2009 to March 03, 2015 (six years). Hospital, Yaoundé-Cameroon 5 Data was collected from the files, registers, and by phone call from the participants Gynecologist and Lecturer, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon after oral consent. Variables included the sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic 6Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research, patterns.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreword and Acknowledgements
    Foreword and Acknowledgements This Volume 20 of the African Development Perspectives Yearbook with the title “Science, Technology and Innovation Policies for Inclusive Growth in Africa. General Issues and Country Cases” has again benefited from many contributions, from various inputs and from important institutional support. The great number of contributions to this volume (essays, review articles and book reviews) was made possible because of the continuing support from African and international organisations, from numerous research and devel- opment institutions, and from many individual experts cooperating continu- ously with us on Africa. A great number of international and regional organi- sations, universities and research institutes have supported this project, such as: UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisa- tion); the ACBF (African Capacity Building Foundation); UNECA (United Nations Economic Commission for Africa); the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) in Rome, Italy; UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development), Trade and Poverty Branch, Division for Africa, LDCs and Special Programmes in Geneva, Switzerland; the Department of Economics, University of Khartoum, Sudan; the Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; the Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; the National Institute for Animal Production, Shika, Ahmadu
    [Show full text]
  • International Symposium Building the Tomorrow's Port City in Atlantic Africa Location: Kribi (Cameroon) Dates: 6-8 November 2017
    INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM BUILDING THE TOMORROW'S PORT CITY IN ATLANTIC AFRICA LOCATION: KRIBI (CAMEROON) DATES: 6-8 NOVEMBER 2017 1. Context and rationale The "Atlantic Africa" project aims at understanding Africa in a different way than by the usual reading grids, based on outdated findings or tainted by pejorative presuppositions now denounced. It is a matter of demonstrating that Africa is a continent in motion, a continent of human mobility and flows of goods, capital, information, a continent of circulation, much more at ease in the processes of globalization than suggest certain statistics and dominant cultural representations. It is clear that Africa no longer turns its back on the sea. On a more theoretical level, it is also a question of drawing lessons from African experiences, in order to better understand the mechanisms of globalization, as much in its technical and economic aspects as well as in its environmental, geopolitical and cultural dimensions. Preceding this symposium, a symposium has already been held in Dakar in October 2015, and two symposiums in Cotonou, Marport 1 in 2015 and Marport 2 in 2016. A book in city within the Port, led by colleagues from Abidjan, is on the publication. 2. Issue and general objective The entry chosen to achieve this objective is the port city, both a link in globalized logistical chains, an interface between the exterior and the interior of Africa, dynamic foci of territorial configurations transformed by productive processes and urban deployment. Even though these port cities are also linked to the world by air transport and the digital revolution, the sea remains, however, the result of increased penetration of manufactured goods from elsewhere and an exit from the natural resources coveted by all.
    [Show full text]
  • Rivers and Ports in Transport History of Cameroon, 1916-1961
    RIVERS AND PORTS IN TRANSPORT HISTORY OF CAMEROON, 1916-1961 Walter Gam Nkwi* http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/og.v13i 1.11 Abstract In direct contrast to Europe, Asia and North America, Africa has very few navigable rivers. This paper focuses on the preponderant role played by water transport in the form of rivers and ports during the colonial period. Although not blessed with much navigable rivers and natural deep ports, the Colonial administration as well as the population of Cameroon depended so much on rivers and ports for their physical mobility, transportation of bulky goods, mails migration and above all European consumer goods which came in from Europe and were head loaded into the hinterlands. Therefore rivers and ports played economic, social and political roles. Despite these important roles, the place of rivers and ports has been relegated to footnotes in historical narratives of Cameroon. This paper therefore, aims at lifting rivers and ports from the footnotes of Cameroon history into the text. It confronts the importance of such a technological system to both the colonial administration and the indigenous population. What were the type of goods that were transported via rivers and ports? More crucial to the essay is the importance of the ports in the development of the cities and the migration of people into areas where ports were found. In what ways do we linked the ports and rivers to the global mobility of goods and modernity? Introduction In Africa and the world over, water transport had been very crucial for the movements of goods and people.
    [Show full text]
  • Waterbird Census of Coastal Cameroon and Sanaga River Oiseaux Des Zones Humides Côtières Du Cameroun Et Du Fleuve Sanaga January -Marc H 2007, WIWO Report 83
    Waterbird census of coastal Cameroon and Sanaga River Oiseaux des zones humides côtières du Cameroun et du fleuve Sanaga January -Marc h 2007, WIWO report 83 by Gordon Ajonina, Chi Napoleon, Roger Skeen and Jaap van der Waarde Edited by Jaap J. van der Waarde Front cover Top: Royal Tern ( Sterna maxima) and Lesser Black-backed Gull ( Larus fuscus) , Ndian Basin (JvdW) En haute: Sterne royale (Sterna maxima) et Goéland brun (Larus fuscus), Ndian Basin (JvdW) Bottom left: Grey Pratincole ( Glareola cinerea) , Sanaga River (JvdW) En bas à gauche: Glaréole grise (Glareola cinerea), la fleuve Sanaga (JvdW) Bottom middle: Great White Pelican ( Pelecanus onocrotalus) , Ndian Basin (JvdW) En bas, centre: Pélican blanc (Pelecanus onocrotalus), Ndian Basin (JvdW) Bottom right: African Skimmer ( Rynchops flavirostris) , Sanaga River (PH) En bas, à droite : Bec-en-ciseau d'Afrique (Rynchops flavirostris), la fleuve Sanaga (PH) This report can be ordered from WIWO: www.wiwo-international.org. Waterbird census of coastal Cameroon and Sanaga river January-March 2007 Oiseaux des zones humides côtières du Cameroun et du fleuve Sanaga Janvier-Mars 2007 by Gordon Ajonina, Chi Napoleon, Roger Skeen and Jaap van der Waarde Edited by Jaap J. van der Waarde WIWO report Nr. 83 2007 Foundation Working Group International Wader and Waterfowl Research (WIWO) Rijksstraatweg 178 6573 DG BEEK-UBBERGEN The Netherlands Published by: Foundation Working Group International Wader and Waterfowl Research (WIWO), The Netherlands. Partners: Watershed Task Group (WTG), Wildlife Fund for Nature Cameroon (WWF), Cameroon Wildlife Conservation Society (CWCS), Cameroon Biodiversity Conservation Society (CBCS) and Jaap van der Waarde. Project participants: Gordon Ajonina, Taku Awa II, Innocent Ndong Bass, Chi Napoleon, Niba Develine, Paul Higson, Ngalim Julliet, Nasina Efanja Philip, Usongo Robert, Roger Skeen, Luther Tchakep and Jaap van der Waarde.
    [Show full text]