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Irish Historic Towns Atlas (IHTA), no. 10, Kilkenny

Author: John Bradley Editors: Anngret Simms, H.B. Clarke, Raymond Gillespie Consultant editor: J.H. Andrews Cartographic editor: Sarah Gearty

Printed and published in 2000 by the Royal Irish Academy, 19 Dawson Street, Dublin 2

Maps prepared in association with the Ordnance Survey of Ireland and the Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland

The contents of this digital edition of Irish Historic Towns Atlas no. 10, Kilkenny, is registered under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License.

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Topographical information. In John Bradley, Irish Historic Towns Atlas, no. 10, Kilkenny. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, 2000 (www.ihta.ie, accessed 30 July 2015), text, pp 21–2.

Acknowledgements (digital edition)

Digitisation: Eneclann Ltd Original copyright: Royal Irish Academy Irish Historic Towns Atlas Digital Working Group: Sarah Gearty, Keith Lilley, Jennifer Moore, Rachel Murphy, Paul Walsh, Jacinta Prunty Digital Repository of Ireland: Rebecca Grant Royal Irish Academy IT Department: Wayne Aherne, Derek Cosgrave

For further information, please visit www.ihta.ie View of Kilkenny, 170 8 (Pratt) KILKENNY Kilkenny i s Ireland' s larges t inlan d cit y an d wa s th e secon d tow n of former existenc e o f this enclosure i s indicated by the curving alignment of Leinster unti l th e twentiet h century . I t i s locate d 11 5 k m south­wes t o f Vicar Street, S t Canice's Place , Dea n Stree t an d Thomas Street . Ther e is no Dublin and 48 km north of Waterford. The city straddle s th e River Nore and trace, however, of the continuation of this line on the north side, but the 175 8 is th e nodal point of a small plain, the ancient Mag Roigne, which forms the map o f the cit y b y Joh n Rocqu e show s a lan e (Drysdale' s Lane ) running fertile heartlan d o f Co . Kilkenn y (Ma p 1) . Thi s plai n develope d o n north of the church as far a s Troy's Gate; it may be that this lane preserved , Carboniferous limeston e overlai n by severa l metre s o f glacia l til l an d it at least in part, the outline of the earlier enclosure (Ma p 5). This delimits a stretches eas t an d nort h t o th e Castlecome r Uplands , sout h t o th e Wals h space wit h maximu m dimension s o f 30 0 m b y 22 5 m , o r roughl y 6. 5 Mountains, an d wes t t o th e Slieveardag h Hill s an d th e bogg y zon e tha t hectares. A pre­Anglo­Norman stone church evidently stood here because constitutes th e boundar y betwee n th e province s o f Munster an d Leinster . about a doze n stone s decorate d i n Hiberno­Romanesque styl e hav e been The predominant soil s are ligh t textured, grey­brown podzolics suitable for found o n the site . The surviving round tower dates to the eleventh or early a wide variety of arable crop s an d good pasturage. The city itself is sited on twelfth century ; it was buil t o n to p of a n ekrlie r cemetery, containin g th e a bend in the south­flowing Nore, where the ground rises gradually on both burials o f bot h adult s an d children . The nineteenth­centur y discover y of sides to a height of just over 60 m. The east bank of the river ha s a gentle, antler tine s nea r th e cathedra l suggest s th e presenc e o f manufacturin g almost imperceptibl e slope , whil e th e wes t ban k i s somewha t steepe r an d activity, suc h a s th e comb­makin g tha t wa s carrie d ou t i n contemporar y more undulating. Five slight, well­drained knolls on the wes t bank wer e to Dublin and Kildare.2 Archaeological excavations a t the junction of Irishtown play ke y role s i n the topographica l developmen t o f the cit y an d thes e ar e and S t Canice's Plac e revealed a layer of pre­Anglo­Norman debri s 3 0 cm occupied toda y b y S t Canice' s Cathedral , S t Mary's Cathedral, S t Mary's thick indicating that occupation extended southward s fro m th e ecclesiastical 3 Church, Kilkenny Castl e an d St Patrick's graveyard. Running into the Nore enclosure. A n extramural church dedicate d t o S t Brigid i s documented in from th e west i s a small stream, th e Breagagh, whic h formed the boundar y the fourteenth century. It probably lay north­west of the enclosure, nea r the between th e borough s o f Irishtow n an d Kilkenn y unti l the y wer e junction o f Grang e Roa d an d Lor d Edwar d Stree t wher e a n extensiv e 4 amalgamated i n 1843 . Althoug h i t i s a relativel y insignificant stream i n cemetery wa s discovered in the nineteenth century. summer­time, th e Breagag h (th e nam e i s derive d fro m Iris h breagach, By th e twelft h centur y th e Ma c Gill a Patrai c king s o f Ossor y ha d a 'deceitful') ca n develo p int o a torren t afte r heav y rainfal l and , prio r t o residence at Kilkenny in which they held court, and in which a deputy acte d drainage work s i n th e nineteent h an d twentiet h centuries , i t woul d hav e during their absence. 5 Excavations a t the castl e hav e revealed evidenc e fo r constituted a significant impediment for parts of the year . bronze­ and iron­working associated with a sod building predating the initial The name Cill Chainnigh , 'Canice's church' , provides clear evidenc e of Anglo­Norman earthwor k castle. 6 Th e statu s o f pre­Anglo­Norma n the city's origin, although the church of Canice was not the earliest Christian Kilkenny i s reflected in the fac t that , afte r th e Anglo­Norman invasion, St foundation. Tha t distinctio n belongs t o S t Patrick' s Church , represente d Canice's becam e th e centr e o f a separat e borough , significantl y calle d today b y a D­shaped graveyar d on the top of a low rise immediately south Irishtown. Eve n i n th e lat e sixteent h century , it s burgesse s retaine d th e of th e medieva l town . Firs t mentione d i n th e lat e sevent h centur y a s a tradition tha t Irishtow n wa s th e olde r settlement. 7 I n an y event , b y 1169 , martartech o r house of relics, it isIrish subsequentl y referreHistoricRoyald t o a s Domhnac Irishh Townswhe Academyn the first Anglo­Norman Atlass arrive d and were put up in its inns or 'ostels' , Mor, 'larg e church', a placename whic h has been identified a s being of fifth ­ Kilkenny ha d alread y becom e th e larges t an d mos t importan t inlan d or sixth­centur y origin. 1 Th e dedicatio n t o Patric k ma y b e a s ol d a s th e settlement i n south­east Ireland. The land on which much of the new tow n seventh century , bu t th e martartech o f Ma g Roigne , th e 'settle d are a of of Kilkenn y wa s to be built belonged to the bishop of Ossory an d this gave Rogen', wa s almost certainly established i n the fifth century . By the sevent h him a n influential sa y in events. Th e land had to be acquired legally, a new century, however, the influence of this church was eclipsed by the successfu l parish had to be established wit h his permission, and potential market rights implantation of the cult of Canice. The new church was to give Kilkenny its had to be accommodated . name whil e th e olde r foundatio n wa s force d t o latc h ont o a n Armag h * * * lifeline. From the evidence in Tirechan's collectanea it is evident that these developments ha d occurred by c. A.D. 685 . The Anglo­Norman s establishe d a castl e a t Kilkenn y b y 117 3 an d i t Kilkenny's rise to ecclesiastical prominence a s the principal church of the would see m that a t least one burgess had settle d near it by 1176. 8 Kilkenn y diocese o f Ossor y ca n b e explaine d partl y b y th e combinatio n o f formed par t of the lordshi p of Leinster, grante d t o Richard fitz Gilber t de geographical an d economi c factor s tha t place d th e settlemen t besid e a n Clare, bette r know n by th e nicknam e Strongbow . O n his deat h i n 117 6 it important fordin g poin t an d encompasse d i t with' a fertil e agricultura l passed into the hands of the crown and there is little evidence of any interest hinterland. It can als o b e explained by th e historica l factors tha t mad e th e in Kilkenn y unti l th e deat h of King Richar d I, ten years after Strongbow' s church of Canice int o the successo r of the martartech of Mag Roigne, but daughter an d heiress , Isabella , ha d marrie d William Marshal . In 1199 , o r the ke y reason for the early development o f Kilkenny wa s political . In the shortly thereafter , Marsha l appointe d Geoffre y fit z Robert , Strongbow' s mid nint h centur y th e Osraig e produce d a powerfu l an d ambitiou s king , brother­in­law, a s senescha l of Leinster. In the cours e of reorganising th e Cerball mac Dunlainge (d. A.D. 888) . Cerball's succes s was founded on his Leinster estates , fit z Rober t gav e th e burgesse s o f Kilkenn y thei r firs t domination of the river valleys and, during the 870s and 880s, this made him documented privilege s and fixed thei r annual rent a t twelve pence, payabl e the mos t powerfu l kin g i n Leinster . Th e relevanc e o f Cerball' s ris e t o half a t Easter and half o n the feast o f St Michael (29 September). 9 Willia m prominence, and that of his Mac Gilla Patraic successors , lies in the fact that Marshal came to Kilkenny in 120 7 at a time when the lordship of Leinster their lands , th e fertil e plai n o f central Kilkenny , becam e on e of the majo r was in danger of breaking up and his Kilkenny charter wa s almost certainly power centre s i n south­easter n Ireland . Thi s growt h i n power , whic h issued wit h a view to ensuring th e firm suppor t of his principal Irish town . commenced i n the late ninth century an d wa s consolidate d in the tenth and The 120 7 charte r formalise d th e privilege s o f a n existin g settlemen t i n eleventh centuries, effectivel y marks Kilkenny's beginnings a s a town. which certain operational structures wer e taken for granted. 10 The church dedicated to Canice was established o n a hill overlooking the The concessions were designe d primaril y t o protect the burgesse s fro m major fording point of the Nore, later marked by Green's Bridge. Nothing is arbitrary aristocratic or judicial pressures, but they also provided tax breaks known of the for m o f the earl y church, but a n examination of the moder n and benefit s i n kin d whil e fixin g a permanen t rent . I n addition , the y street patter n suggest s that it stood withi n a large enclosur e (Ma p 6). The permitted th e burgesse s to establish thei r own weekly court, known as th e hundred court , an d t o se t th e leve l o f its fines ; th e burgesses , thei r sons, were required to sell in the main market place and only there. 20 The custom daughters an d widow s wer e entitle d t o contrac t marriage s withou t th e house or tholsel, where stallag e wa s paid on market day, is first evidence d permission of the lord, unles s they held land from hi m in chief; they could in 130 7 but was probably in existence a century before. It was prominently dispose o f thei r burgage s an d persona l possession s freel y (excep t t o located near Crokker's Cross an d was th e venue fo r the hundred court and members o f religiou s orders) ; an d whil e th e numbe r o f burgesse s wa s the tow n council , a s wel l a s functionin g a s th e tow n treasur y i n whic h evidently limite d the y wer e empowere d t o increas e th e privilege d important documents wer e stored. 21 population b y creatin g fre e tenants . Economi c interest s wer e als o looked Until recently , many of the properties alon g High Stree t an d Parliament after. The burgesses were entitled to form a merchant guild to regulate their Street (th e relativel y moder n nam e o f the norther n end o f medieval Hig h business; the y coul d seiz e the good s o f persistent debtor s an d th e trading Street) preserved th e long, narrow burgage plot s characteristic of medieval licence of external merchants (specificall y baker s an d vintners) was limited towns (Map 2). Along the west side of High Street these plots extended back to fort y days . Th e lack of detailed regulations enable d th e townspeopl e t o from th e street frontage a s far a s the town wall, while on the east side some develop th e structur e bes t suite d t o thei r need s an d thi s proces s i s lay betwee n Hig h Stree t an d S t Kieran' s Street ; furthe r north, presumably exemplified in their 1231 decision to elect a principal officer, le sofreyn, an d reflecting th e plan of the c. 1207­3 1 extension, the plots stretched betwee n four provosts annuall y who, lest the lord of the town might feel challenge d the street an d the river. These regularly arranged plots were the backbone of 11 by such developments, 'wer e to be profitable to the lord and commonalty'. the Anglo­Norma n town plan . William Marshal' s 120 7 charte r stipulate d The Anglo­Normans were attracted to Kilkenny because of the presence that th e propert y o f fre e tenant s ha d t o b e 2 0 fee t (6. 1 m) wide , whic h there of a settlement that was the focus for both overland and riverine routes. presumably records wha t was perceived a s a minimum burgage width . The This settlemen t wa s unde r th e authority of the bishop of Ossory, however, relatively smal l numbe r o f plot s alon g Hig h Stree t conformin g t o thi s and it could not be sequestered or settled without invoking the wrath of the measurement toda y ma y indicat e tha t fe w fre e tenant s o r poo r burgesse s church. Partl y for this reason bu t als o becaus e of the presenc e of a knoll , lived within the town, but it may also be attributable to the amalgamation of strategically placed overlooking a bridging point of the Nore 750 m south of neighbouring plots over the years. Eac h plot wa s held by a burgess and on the cathedral, the Anglo­Norman castl e wa s built downriver from th e older it he built a house for his family, usuall y with a shop on the street frontage , settlement. Th e castl e forme d th e souther n boundar y o f th e ne w Anglo ­ and behin d i t ther e wa s spac e fo r outhouses , sheds , yards, garden s o r Norman town , whic h wa s buil t betwee n i t an d Irishtown . Th e ne w orchards. The charter of 120 7 permitted the burgesses to draw timber fro m settlement wa s provided with it s own parish, St Mary's, which wa s carved the lord's woods outside the town and it is likely that this provided the main 12 out of the existing parishes o f St Canice and St Patrick (Fig. 3). The parish building material for the initial houses. Within a short time, however, houses boundary extende d just beyond the medieval walled tow n o n the wes t but were constructe d bot h o f ston e an d o f timber. 22 A survivin g thirteenth ­ lay within it on the south , a feature whic h woul d sugges t that the souther n century cross­bea m derive s fro m a substantia l structur e wit h wall s 1. 3 m half of Patrick Street la y outside the original boundary of the town but was thick an d having a room at least 5.4 5 m wide. 23 Th e problem of providing incorporated durin g the thirteent h century. The are a formed by S t Mary's light t o th e interio r wa s solve d by creatin g a n alleywa y on on e sid e and , parish ma y itsel f hav e grow n i n two sections . Th e initia l Anglo­Norman doubtless, it is to this mode of construction that the larg e number of lanes settlement appears to have stretched only from the castle a s far as the presen t that stil l characteris e th e medieva l core of Kilkenny ma y b e attributed . In James's Street, because a deed of c. 120 7 indicates that the land to the north 1307 the burgage ren t of the Hightown amounte d to £11 15 s 4d, indicating belonged t o th e churc h a t tha t time . Thi s dee d i s a n exchang e o f land 24 a total of 235 73 burgages and suggesting a burgess population of (say) 236. between Willia m Marsha l an d th e bisho p o f Ossory , whereb y th e bisho p It i s difficul t t o us e thi s figur e t o provid e a n estimat e o f th e overal l received land at Aghaboe in return for giving Marshal the expanse of ground population becaus e th e numbe r o f fre e tenants , famil y dependants , 13 lying betwee n James' s Stree t an d th e Breagag h River. Th e dee d state s household staf f an d servant s i s unknown; it may have bee n abou t 1,00 0 — specifically tha t th e purpos e o f thi s exchang e wa s t o enabl e Marsha l t o a conservative estimate — or as high as 2,000 if servant s an d household staf f enlarge his town. The new area was probably occupied between c. 120 7 and lived within th e Hightown. c. 1231 , when the foundation of the Franciscan friary in the north­east angl e Established befor e 1173 , initiall y a s a n earthwork , th e castl e playe d a ended lan d development. critical role in the affairs of the town into modern times. The present ston e The tow n als o bega n t o expan d o n th e eas t an d sout h (Ma p 6) . An structure was begun in the early thirteenth century, probably in the aftermath Augustinian monastery, linked by a bridge to Irishtown, was founded on the of Willia m Marshal' s visi t i n 1207 . I t wa s o f quadrangula r pla n wit h east bank of the Nore before 1202 ; a new bridge was built before 122 3 and massive, circula r corner towers, and a twin­bastioned entrance gat e placed a settlement , know n simpl y a s S t John's , gre w u p alon g the presen t Joh n in the south wall s o as to prevent direct access from th e town. The castle wa s Street. O n the sout h sid e of the town, in the neighbourhood of St Patrick's protected by a fosse, fille d u p during the seventeenth centur y but originally Church an d stretchin g alon g Patric k Street , wa s th e boroug h o f 8 m deep, an d wa s defende d b y a towered enceinte wall , almos t certainly Donaghmore, firs t referre d t o i n c. 1245 . Thi s wa s a centra l par t o f th e with an outer fosse, indicatin g that the defences occupied over twice the area manor of Donaghmore, itsel f par t of the episcopa l land s o f Ossory, an d it of th e present building. 25 The castle wa s the administrative centre of one of was administered by the dean, hence the townland name, Deansground. The the most important Anglo­Norman manors in south­east Ireland and passed borough o f Donaghmor e ha d it s ow n marke t plac e an d marke t cross , from the Marshals to the de Clares in 1248, to the Dispensers in 1317, before probably located at the junction of New Street an d Patrick Street, while the being sold to James Butler, third earl of Ormond, in 1391. Apart from being references t o S t Patrick' s Oute r Gat e sugges t tha t th e settlemen t wa s an aristocrati c residenc e an d th e administrativ e centr e o f th e mano r o f 14 enclosed. Th e dean had a manorial residence o r castle, located close to the Kilkenny, th e castl e wa s on e o f the principa l place s in which justice wa s 15 churchyard. Nothing survives of medieval St Patrick's Church, but the fin e dispensed. I t wa s th e sea t o f th e seneschal' s cour t fo r Kilkenn y an d a n series o f thirteenth ­ an d fourteenth­centurIrishy tombslab HistoricRoyals preserve d i Irishn th e Towns importanAcademyt gaol Atlas. Directly south an d south­west wer e its orchard, two gardens graveyard suggests that it was richly patronised. Flemingstown (Latin villa and severa l meadows ; belo w the castle , acros s the river, in the ground s of Flamingorum) i s mentioned on a number of occasions i n the fourteenth and 16 the later Kilkenny College , were its great par k an d dovecot e while , o n the fifteenth centuries , an d i t appear s t o hav e bee n Flemis h in origin. Th e River Nore, a fishery and a weir adjoined the castle mills . settlement wa s locate d sout h o f Kilkenn y Castl e i n th e vicinit y o f The defences of the Hightown enclose d a roughly rectangular are a with Bennettsbridge Road, and probably extended into the present Castl e Park. It maximum dimensions of 800 m by 350 m and a perimeter of about 1.4 5 km, was abandone d b y 1625 , but the earthworks and paved roads that survived enclosing a n are a of about 2 8 hectare s (Fig. 1). On th e norther n sid e th e at tha t tim e greatl y impresse d Davi d Roth e wh o describe d th e sit e a s town wall was bounded by the Breagagh River, while on the western side it formerly a strongl y fortifie d plac e wit h a ston e gate , indicatin g tha t hugged a ridg e o f hig h groun d fo r muc h o f it s lengt h befor e turnin g Flemingstown wa s als o a n enclose d suburb. 17 Ther e ma y hav e bee n othe r eastwards to link u p with th e castle defences . Th e west wall seem s to have suburbs t o th e wes t o f th e town , particularl y in th e thirteent h century , been perceive d a s th e most important because, with fou r mura l towers and focused o n th e Dominica n priory an d th e churche s o f S t Jame s an d S t two turrets, it was the most strongly fortified. Th e north wall wa s defende d Nicholas, a s detailed below. only b y a turret at the north­eas t corne r while , apar t fro m th e angl e tower * * * known a s Talbot' s Bastion (which it shared wit h th e wes t wall) , th e sout h wall ha d neither towers nor turrets presumably becaus e of its proximity to The Hightown wa s based along a single north­south street, Hig h Street , the castle. Ther e is no evidence fo r the existence o f a river wall besid e th e with two others, Walkin Stree t an d James's Street, runnin g from i t at right Nore. Th e stee p scar p betwee n th e castl e an d John' s Bridg e forme d a angles towards the west, and a back street, now known a s St Kieran's Street, formidable natura l barrier , whil e th e absenc e o f a wal l nort h o f John' s running diagonall y on the east . On the sout h side , High Stree t intersecte d Bridge ma y b e explaine d eithe r becaus e th e rive r provide d sufficien t Patrick Street, Castle Street (no w The Parade) and Rose Inn Street, formin g defence o r becaus e a wal l woul d hav e obstructe d acces s t o quay s an d a junction that became known in the later middle ages as Crokker's Cross . landing platforms. There were seven gatehouses . The wall wa s constructe d By th e earl y fourteenth century th e stree t surface s wer e paved an d a civic of locall y quarried limestone and survives to a height of 4.5 m in places; it ordinance of 1335 required every householder t o clean the pavement besid e would have been higher originally and topped with a crenellated wall­walk. his house twice a week, while another prohibited the stacking of turf, grain Additional defenc e wa s provide d by arro w embrasure s a t o r just abov e and woo d agains t th e frontage , presumabl y becaus e i t impede d traffic. 18 ground level in the sout h and west walls, an d loops in the north wall. Th e High Street , which is broader in the middle than at either end, functioned as wall itsel f average d 1. 2 m to 1. 4 m in thickness an d there wa s a n external 26 the principa l marke t plac e an d i t wa s nea r th e late r tholse l (sixteent h fosse, betwee n 4 m an d 5. 5 m wide , an d averagin g 1. 5 m in depth. Th e century) that the market cross was constructed in 1335. Subsidiary markets surviving ston e fabri c i s almos t entirel y thirteenth­centur y i n date . Th e also existe d an d space s behin d th e hous e frontages , a s wel l a s house s recent redatin g of the castle's architectural phases indicates tha t the arrow themselves, wer e le t t o vendor s o n marke t day. 19 Th e proliferatio n o f embrasures o n th e sout h an d wes t walls , an d th e mura l tower known a s markets promote d price variation and in 133 4 all fishermen, for instance , Talbot's Bastion, were built during the first thir d of the century; in addition, Base map: Kilkenny 1842 , scale 1:5500 . Irish HistoricFig. 1 Principa l site s iTownsn Kilkenny, c. 120 0 to c. 1550 Atlas. the discovery of Saintonge war e embedded i n the mortaRoyalr of the nort h walIrishl AcademyThe existenc e o f tw o extramura l churche s i s know n fro m a singl e shows tha t i t too wa s constructe d i n th e thirteent h century. 27 Th e earlies t reference recordin g that Bishop Richard de Ledrede (1317­60) demolished surviving murag e gran t dates from shortl y after 124 8 and grants continued the churches o f St James and St Nicholas in order to build a new palace. S t to be made until 1460 . Only a fragment of one gatehouse, the Black Freren James's was almost certainly located outside St James's Gate, probably near Gate, survive s an d i t i s no t sufficientl y diagnosti c fo r datin g purposes . James's Green, an d may well hav e functioned , like it s Dublin counterpart , Illustrations o f th e othe r gatehouse s indicat e tha t the y wer e rectangula r as a gatherin g poin t fo r pilgrim s t o Compostela . Give n it s extramura l structures o f fifteenth­ o r sixteenth­centur y dat e that presumabl y replace d location S t Nicholas's ma y hav e bee n o n the sit e of St Rock's graveyard , earlier buildings.28 Although the town defences were substantially inferior in which i s firs t mentione d i n 1623 . Bot h churche s serve d suburba n quality t o thos e of the castle , th e constructio n of the wal l wa s th e larges t populations that had evidently declined by the mid fourteenth century when civic architectural undertaking of the medieval townspeople. the bishop ordered their demolition. St Mary's was th e paris h churc h of the medieva l Hightown an d Roth e The Dominican priory, no w popularly known a s th e Black Abbey , was was probably correct when he said that it began a s a chapel for those living established outsid e the town walls c. 122 5 by William Marshal the younger. near the castle. 29 By 120 5 it was sufficientl y wel l established fo r the bishop The surviving remains — consisting of a nave wit h a south aisle, probably of Ossor y to convene a n ecclesiastical court there.30 Throughout the middle thirteenth­century in date, a south transept constructe d c. 1300 , a crossing ages the town council maintained the church and a n annual contribution of tower inserted in 1527, a fifteenth­century west tower, and a fragment of the 4d was collected from eac h hall and a halfpenny from eac h stal l or shop for claustral buildings' wes t range — form a small part of the original complex this purpose. Th e patronage an d upkeep of St Mary's were visible sign s of that occupied an area of almost one hectare an d was bounded by a precinct the pride and wealth of the burgesses; its tombs an d chapels reflecte d their wall.33 Although it did not play as prominent a role in the affairs of the town status and it was an important venue for civic ritual. Both the church and its as di d S t Mary's , it enjoyed , non e th e less , a hig h leve l o f favou r an d bell tower , whic h wa s evidentl y spacious, wer e use d fo r meeting s o f th e patronage fro m th e tow n counci l an d burgesses . In 133 4 th e Dominicans council an d the hundred court, while in the sixteenth century, if not before, were given the privilege of having their own keys to the nearby tow n gat e St Mary' s wa s on e o f th e location s i n whic h th e tow n play s wer e so tha t the y coul d hav e acces s whe n the y wished ; in 135 3 th e counci l performed.31 Th e wealthiest burgesses were allowed rights of burial withi n granted the m the ren t fro m tw o houses to provide bread an d wine for th e the churc h whil e th e remainde r o f th e populatio n wer e interre d i n th e celebration of masses; and from 140 5 the friary's chapte r house , evidently churchyard; the reverence wit h which the churchyard was viewed is evident one o f th e mor e spaciou s room s i n Kilkenny , wa s use d fo r th e annua l in the ordinance of 1337 that rewarded anyone who killed pigs found there. 32 election of the town's first officer , th e sovereign. 34 Although graduall y reduce d i n siz e sinc e th e eighteent h century , an d The Francisca n friar y la y withi n a one­hectar e precinc t occupyin g the functioning toda y a s a parish hall , S t Mary's was a large medieva l parish north­eastern corner of the Hightown, bounded on the north by the Breagagh church wit h a lon g chancel , transept s wit h severa l side­chapels , an d a n River and on the east by the Nore. The site is low­lying and on soft alluvial aisled nave . soil subjec t unti l recentl y t o sever e winte r flooding . Reference s t o th e 'angled lan e leadin g to the Friars Minor' sugges t that acces s to the churc h diocese's firs t Anglo­Norma n bishop, Hug h d e Rou s (1202­18) . Buildin g during the medieval period was via Jenkin's Lane , now the southern par t of work continued throughout th e thirteenth century. Th e eas t end wa s begu n The Ring , whil e a bridg e ove r th e Breagag h gav e access , throug h Gre y before d e Rous's death, the nave was built between th e 1240 s and the 1260s , Freren Gate , fro m Irishtown . The founde r appear s t o hav e bee n Richar d while th e Lad y Chapel wa s adde d i n the 1280s ; th e buildin g i s on e o f the Marshal, lord of Kilkenny from 123 1 to 1234 , but the first definite referenc e finest medieva l churche s i n Irelan d an d stil l preserve s th e unit y o f it s to th e Franciscan s a t Kilkenn y doe s not occu r unti l 1245. 35 Th e surviving thirteenth­century design. 47 It was th e larges t churc h in Ossory an d wa s th e remains consis t of the thirteenth­century choir with a n east end added in the setting for imposing ceremonies o n major feast­days, suc h a s Palm Sunda y 1320s, an d a belfry starte d in the 1340 s but left unfinished until the fifteenth and Easter, when the sovereign an d council of the Hightown were expecte d century because of the Black Death. 36 to attend . Th e survivin g burial monument s reflec t a patronag e tha t wa s * * * derived, until the sixteenth century, from th e Irishtown elite. The thirteenth­ and fourteenth­centur y tomb s commemorat e ecclesiastics , principall y On th e eas t bank o f the Nor e an d linke d wit h th e Hightown via John's bishops an d cathedral canons , or prominent lay people suc h a s John Talbot, Bridge was th e subur b o f St John's. This functioned throughout the middle a forme r sherif f o f th e cros s o f Kilkenn y wh o die d c. 1385 , o r Richar d ages a s a separate ward with it s own annually­appointed provos t wh o wa s Forestal, a burgess of the Hightown who died c. 1400 . During the sixteent h responsible t o th e sovereig n o f the Hightown for its administration. In the century, however, th e cathedral becam e a regional show­piece a s th e burial inquisition carried out after the death of Joanna de Clare in 1307 the burgage place o f th e earl s o f Ormon d an d o f othe r importan t landowner s i n th e rent o f St John's wa s value d a t £4 13 s lid, suggesting tha t ther e were 9 4 Kilkenny area such a s the Graces, lords of Courtstown, the Shortals, lords of burgesses and a population of between 40 0 and 650. 37 The subur b occupie d Ballylarkin, an d the Purcells of Foulksrath.48 a roughly quadrilateral are a based on the principal axis of John Street . By 1570 a ston e wal l wit h a t leas t on e defensiv e turre t existe d o n th e nort h * * * side.38 Excavation s hav e uncovered th e remains o f a wall, with a substantia l Medieval economic lif e in and around th e town was diverse. The hinter­ base batter, which stood to a height of at least 6 m, and in places it may have land of Kilkenny consists of excellent corn­growing country and throughout been buil t upo n earlie r earthwor k defences. 39 Tw o gatehouse s ar e docu ­ the thirteent h and fourteent h centurie s th e right to grind cor n was reserve d mented, St John's Outer Gate and St Michael's Gate, but there may also have exclusively t o th e lord s o f th e manor s o f Irishtown and Kilkenny . I n th e been some form of gate at the junction of John Stree t and John's Bridge. charter o f 120 7 Willia m Marsha l grante d th e burgesse s th e righ t t o grin d The subur b o f St John's was dominate d b y the Augustinian priory of St corn 'a t m y mills fo r a reasonable toll'. 49 Thi s suggest s that b y 120 7 ther e John th e Evangelist. The Augustinians wer e initially placed beside Green's was mor e tha n on e mil l i n the town. On e hundred year s later, in the exten t Bridge, o n a hil l opposit e S t Canice' s Cathedral , whic h suggest s tha t th e carried ou t afte r th e deat h o f Joann a d e Clare , th e lord s o f Kilkenn y foundation ma y hav e ha d a pre­Anglo­Norma n origin. All that i s known possessed six mills. By the close of the middle ages the Dominicans and th e with certainty, however, is that the Augustinians were there before th e deat h Franciscans ha d thei r own mills, a t Blac k Mills an d Gre y Friar s (late r S t of Bishop Felix O'Dullany in 1202. Nine years later they moved to what was Francis' Abbey ) Mill s respectively , bu t thes e wer e no t presen t i n th e a rapidl y developing suburb , unde r th e patronag e of the Marshals , o n th e thirteenth century. This is evident fro m th e gran t of 127 4 in which Gilbert east sid e o f John' s Bridge . Th e paris h o f S t John' s wa s created , th e de Clar e exempte d th e Dominican s fro m payin g tol l whe n thei r cor n wa s Augustinians wer e appointe d t o maintain it, and their priory churc h wa s t o ground a t hi s mill s an d permitte d the m th e privileg e of having thei r corn 40 function a s th e paris h church. Th e monasti c precinc t comprise d almos t 2 ground before that of anyone else, and even before his own corn unless it was hectares and stretched alon g the western sid e of the burgages from Michael already on the millstone.50 The first changes in this lordly monopoly occurred Street to the River Nore. The surviving church remains consis t o f the early in 139 9 when the earl of Ormond granted th e use an d profits of four mills to thirteenth­century chance l wit h a Lad y Chapel , buil t c. 128 0 an d known William Archer , carpenter , i n retur n fo r constructin g an d repairin g th e 41 from th e continuou s ru n of its window s a s 'th e lanter n o f Ireland'. Th e mills.51 Thes e mills were to remain in the hands of Archer's descendants for small fragment o f the claustral buildings north­west of the church indicate s over two centuries an d it is a s a result of this connection that the townland s that th e town wall wa s locate d furthe r t o the north than ha s generall y been of Archersgrove, Archersleas an d Archerstreet Lot received their names. By supposed. Afte r it s abandonmen t b y th e Augustinians , th e sit e a t Green' s 1434 the Town (later known as Jenkin's) Mil l an d the Maudlin Mills (name d Bridge becam e S t Maul' s Church . Th e exac t foundatio n dat e of the lepe r from thei r proximity to , rather tha n ownershi p by , the hospita l of St Mary hospital of St Mary Magdalen, situated in Maudlin Street on the east side of Magadalen) wer e in the hands of Walter Shirelok and shortly afterwards th e the suburb , i s unclea r bu t it was i n existence b y 1327 . Th e lat e fifteenth ­ Maudlin Mills became the property of St John's Priory (Fig. I).52 It is likely century Magdale n Castl e stil l survives , isolate d now in a forest o f houses, that, a t o r abou t thi s time , th e Dominican s an d th e Franciscan s wer e but an old engraving shows that it protected the gate leading into the hospital permitted to construct thei r own water mills, which ar e firs t recorde d i n the enclosure, whic h include d S t Stephen' s churchyar d — presumabl y th e dissolution documents. Bishop' s Mills belonged to the lord of Irishtown and, cemetery — withi n it s bounds. 42 I n 135 2 th e hospital was funde d b y urba n although they are not documented unti l 1398 , they probably originated in the rents and its master was responsibl e t o the sovereig n of the Hightown. 43 Its thirteenth century, if not in pre­Anglo­Norman times.53 internal spatial arrangements are unknown, but by the late sixteenth century There i s littl e evidenc e fo r baking , bu t archaeologica l excavation s it wa s th e practice to keep the best chamber fo r burgesses with leprosy . uncovered a n ove n i n Dea n Stree t tha t wa s presumabl y use d fo r thi s * * * purpose.54 I n 130 7 th e prisag e o f ale, consistin g of six flagon s fro m ever y brewery in the town, was worth 100 s to the lord of Kilkenny.55 Most brewing From the early years of the thirteenth century, if not before, Kilkenny wa s was probabl y fo r domesti c consumption , bu t alehouse s wer e evidentl y a twin­town consisting of IrishtowIrishn and the Hightown HistoricRoyal. The date at whic Irishh th e Towns populaAcademyr an d on Atlase o f the loca l authority' s principal concerns throughout th e dwellers of Irishtown received burgess status is unknown. The occupants of period was the standardisation o f drinking measures in these alehouses so a s Irishtown ma y hav e been burgesses before 116 9 an d it is possible tha t th e to ensur e tha t customer s wer e treate d fairly. 56 A lat e fourteenth­centur y solitary burgag e evidence d a t Kilkenn y befor e 117 6 wa s i n Irishtown. In invoice incidentally enumerates five alehous e owners, thre e of whom were 1398 th e burgag e ren t fo r Irishtow n wa s £ 9 pe r annum , althoug h th e women, whil e on e wa s als o in th e busines s of supplyin g bread. 57 Privat e document points out that it used to be £11 5s l'/ 2 d, which would suggest that brewing remaine d characteristi c o f th e tow n unti l th e beginnin g o f th e there were between 18 0 and 225 burgesses, and a population that may have seventeenth century and, if the will of John Rothe is anything to go by, brew­ been as low as 80 0 or as high as l^OO. 44 Irishtown was protected by its own houses were positioned together wit h other outbuildings some distance bac k walls an d b y th e lat e middl e ages, when their course ca n b e charte d quit e from th e stree t frontage. 58 Win e taverns ar e mentione d in the 120 7 charter , accurately, the y di d not contai n th e entir e are a of th e pre­Anglo­Norman but th e absenc e of any furthe r specifi c reference s suggest s that the y wer e ecclesiastical enclosure . Th e late medieval defences encompassed a roughly replaced b y alehouses. 59 Win e wa s importe d throug h Ne w Ros s an d 60 sub­rectangular space , 380 m by 260 m in extent, wit h a perimeter of about Inistioge, fro m wher e i t wa s carrie d b y riverboat t o Kilkenny. Find s of 600 m an d occupyin g a n are a of abou t 1 0 hectares. As in the Hightown, Saintonge potter y indicat e tha t Bordeau x win e wa s bein g importe d in th e 61 there is no evidence fo r an eastern river wall or a southern, Breagag h wall . thirteenth century. The town (or common) forge is first mentione d in 130 7 No mural towers ar e known but there were four gates (Fig. 1). when it was wort h 2 s a year. Although initially par t of the property of the The street plan consisted of an east­west curving route, following the line lord o f th e town , ownershi p ha d passe d t o th e townspeopl e b y th e earl y 62 of th e pre­Anglo­Norma n enclosure . A t right­angles wa s a shor t stree t fifteenth century. The forge was located in the centre of the Hightown, near known simpl y as Irishtown while, to the east, the curving route wa s linke d Crokker's Cross . I t is unclea r whethe r al l blacksmiths ha d t o wor k a t th e by Gree n Stree t with Green' s Bridge and with th e main roads leading east common forge or whether individual forges wer e permitted, but not until th e early years of the sixteenth century is there evidence fo r more than one smith and north from Kilkenny . The principal market place wa s a t the junction of 63 Irishtown an d S t Canice's Place, where weekl y markets wer e hel d from a t in th e town. least a s earl y a s 1245 . Archaeologica l excavatio n ha s show n tha t th e Primary productio n was als o a feature o f the urba n economy . Th e long southern sid e of Dean Stree t consisted o f open marsh y groun d until it was gardens a t th e rea r o f th e burgag e plot s enable d th e burgesse s t o gro w reclaimed in the thirteenth century. 45 S t Brigid's Church, mentioned alread y vegetables and herbs, as well a s to plant orchards fo r apples, pears and other in relatio n t o th e pre­Anglo­Norma n town , presumabl y catere d fo r a fruit. A t the en d o f the fifteent h century , garden s withi n an d withou t th e suburban populatio n prior to its demolition in the middle of the fourteent h town wer e extensivel y plante d wit h madder , whic h wa s a lucrative crop. 64 century. West of Irishtown wa s a n area of open ground , similar to the shor t From th e lat e sixteent h centur y onwards , whe n visitors ' account s become course at Waterford,46 used for archery practice and still retaining its ancient available, the gardens and orchards o f Kilkenny are consistently highlighted name, The Butts. as a remarkable featur e o f the townscape. 65 Th e mos t prominen t orchard s Irishtown wa s dominate d b y S t Canice' s Cathedral . Th e ne w Gothi c seem to have been the earl of Ormond's Grea t Orchard, situated to the sout h replacement o f th e forme r Romanesqu e churc h wa s initiate d b y th e of th e castle, an d Prior's orchard, part of the possessions of the Augustinian priory, where a type of dessert pear known a s a bon chretien appears to have Throughout th e fifteent h centur y th e Liber primus demonstrate s a been cultivated. 66 Gardens wer e often rented and the names of several hav e functioning urba n community. In fact it was a period of urban consolidation been preserved . characterised b y subtl e socia l an d economi c changes , reflecte d topo ­ On the outskirts of the town, in all directions, were fields some of which graphically by redevelopment and rebuilding. There is evidence of a demand were privately owned while others formed part of the commonage. Som e of for building space within the walls, but no sign of suburban expansion while, these fields were used by the burgesses to grow corn which they harveste d during the second half of the century, both major bridges and almost all the and stacke d prio r to bringing it to the mills for grinding.67 On both sides of town gates , mural towers, churches an d religious houses were modified o r the river , nort h an d sout h o f th e town , wer e th e inche s — low­lyin g rebuilt.85 Fro m th e lat e fifteent h centur y onward s a n oligarch y of abou t meadows subjec t t o winter flooding bu t providing goo d summer grazing. 68 fifteen familie s began t o develop that would control the town until 1650 . A The extent of the medieval burgagery is unknown, but in 1640 it comprised member o f th e Roth e family , fo r instance , wa s sovereig n o n eightee n almost 4,20 0 hectare s an d extende d fo r a radiu s o f about 3 km from th e occasions betwee n 144 0 an d 1544 ; th e Archer s held the positio n sixteen town.69 At least three greens were used fro m a n early date for holding fairs . times betwee n 143 4 an d 1544 , while th e Shee s were sovereign s o n seve n The principa l on e seem s to hav e bee n o n th e eas t sid e o f the town , late r occasions betwee n 149 3 and 1544 . Dynastic supremacy wa s perpetuated b y known a s John's Green; on the west side were Walkin's Green and James's inter­familial marriage s and , whe n th e dissolutio n o f th e monasterie s Green, whic h forme d part of the commonag e unti l th e eighteent h centur y brought new land onto the market, these families were excellently poised to and are stil l green space s today.™ take advantag e o f the speculativ e opportunities. In 153 9 the sovereign an d Not al l o f th e groun d i n th e immediat e vicinit y o f th e tow n wa s burgesses wrote to Thomas Cromwell asking that they might be granted the agriculturally fertile, however, because in 1393 Oliver Knaresburgh held the two friaries and the hospital of St Mary Magdalen, and in 1543 their request 86 common turbary and paid an annual rent of 6d for the right to cut turf there . was accede d to. Th e acquisitio n of this new lan d made possibl e th e firs t North o f the tow n wer e wood s which , a s lat e a s th e seventeent h century , suburban developmen t fo r over two hundred year s an d durin g the secon d produced oak timbers large enough for building purposes, whil e to the south half o f the sixteent h century there i s evidence fo r the laying ou t of house ­ was the common quarry from whic h burgesses could remove building stone plots o n land s tha t ha d formerl y belonge d t o th e religiou s houses , 87 freely.71 Us e o f th e commonag e wa s strictl y controlled . Diggin g wa s particularly in Maudlin Street an d Black Mill Stree t (Map 6). prohibited and tenants were required to keep the land 'playne [i.e. open] and * * * grene' s o that it could be used for shooting and other pleasures. Th e target s presumably include d both fowl an d game , an d th e murag e grant s indicat e Apart from th e reallocation of church lands, the reformation appears to have that there wa s a trade in birds and in the skins of fox, squirrel , badger, hare , had little impact in Kilkenny. This was due to the absence of both an active policy 72 rabbit an d deer. Pigeons wer e kept both for their meat an d for their eggs, of reform and competent ministers to carry it out. Some, if not all, parish churches but th e numbe r of dovecotes seem s to have bee n small . Fish were als o a n fell into decay. By the close of the sixteenth century, counter­reformation priests, 73 important item of food an d fishermen lived an d traded in the town. Ther e many of them members of the old civic families, returned to the town, sometimes is evidenc e fo r the sal e of salmon an d eel , which coul d hav e bee n caugh t openly but often privately. By 1608, when the Jesuits had established themselves, locally, a s wel l a s hake , herrin g and salte d conge r ee l during the fifteent h there were sixteen Catholic priests in the town; by 1613 the number had increased 74 century. Th e fishin g weirs , beside th e Castl e Mill s an d th e Ston e Mills , to twenty­seven, including three Franciscans who had built a new friary the year 75 belonged to the lord of the town an d were a significant source of revenue. before. In c. 1618 the Cistercians inaugurated a novitiate; by 1622 the Dorrnnican The rang e o f product s sol d in th e fifteent h centur y include d corn, oats , community numbered eight; by c. 1635 a friary of Discalced Carmelites was set barley, peas, onions, hens, geese, pigs, sheep, cattle, flour, butter, cheese and up, whil e in 161 4 an d agai n in 162 4 Kilkenny wa s th e venu e fo r provincial eggs, a s wel l a s mor e exoti c commoditie s suc h a s almonds , cumin , figs , synods.88 B y contrast, i n 1615 , only fou r minister s of the establishe d church , mustard, pepper, raisin s an d salt . Horses wer e bought and sold in the town including the bishop and the dean of Ossory, officiated i n Kilkenny.89 and the provision of stabling and fodder was a n important activity.76

* * *

The lat e medieva l tow n witnesse d bot h positiv e an d negativ e developments. Burgesse s with pretension s t o gentilit y too k care to record their memorial s in French a t S t Mary's an d a t th e friarie s and , a s lat e a s 1324, when Bishop Richard de Ledrede denounced Lady Alice Kyteler a s a heretic an d sorceress , he read th e charges in French, Latin an d English, so that thei r conten t migh t b e understoo d b y all. 77 Kilkenn y wa s a favoured venue for meetings of parliament and of the king's council, one or other of which convened in the town on at least thirty­four occasion s betwee n 127 7 and 1425. 78 Suc h assemblie s wer e a major sourc e o f revenue fo r the loca l economy, a s survivin g receipt s show. 79 Th e mos t famou s (o r infamous) of these gatherings wa s the parliament of 1366, presided over by Lionel, duke of Clarence , whic h promulgated the statut e of Kilkenny. The urban culture of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries remained vehemently hostile to the Gaelic Irish an d viewed them a s 'natura l enemies'. Thi s attitude is typifie d by the case of 134 4 in which th e seneschal of Kilkenny ruled that, because Adam Omolga n was a n IrishmanIrish, his murde r withi HistoricRoyaln th e burgager y o Irishf th e Towns Academy Atlas town did not have to be punished.80 The harshness of these attitudes appears to have ameliorated somewhat by the late fifteenth century , when burgesses and craftsme n wit h Gaeli c Iris h name s ar e recorded . A ke y facto r in th e process of gaelicisation may have been the purchase of Kilkenny by the earl of Ormon d in 1391 . This broke th e contac t wit h English­base d lord s an d brought i n a famil y tha t ha d buil t u p a power­bas e b y th e skilfu l management o f the Gaelic Irish in the marche s o f Wicklow an d Tipperary. The earl wa s a fluent Iris h speake r and one of his first acts , o n arriving in Kilkenny, wa s t o contraven e th e statut e o f Kilkenn y b y imposin g th e maintenance o f his kern s fo r twelve weeks o n th e townspeople . Withi n a year, kerns were living in the town, much to the distress of some sections of the population.81 In general , the fourteenth century in Kilkenny wa s a period of economic recession. Th e severest epidemic was undoubtedly the Black Death, which arrived in 1348 and was graphically described by the Franciscan, Friar Clyn, the major chronicler of local affairs who was one of its victims. The statut e of labourers of 1349 was carefully copied into the town's oldest corporation book, the Liber primus}2 I t prohibited the payment of wages higher than was customary i n the year s 1340­4 6 t o servant s an d labourer s wh o sough t t o exploit thei r own scarcity valu e afte r th e Blac k Death . Togethe r wit h th e statute o f labourer s o f 1351 , thes e ar e th e onl y parliamentar y act s transcribed int o th e tow n boo k an d thei r presence suggest s that Kilkenn y experienced a labou r shortage . Topographica l evidenc e fo r populatio n decline i s presen t i n th e for m o f deserte d suburbs , i n th e demolitio n of extramural churches, an d in the presence of waste or abandoned plots , up to fifty year s late r i n som e instances. 83 I n the countrysid e aroun d Kilkenny , depopulation wa s accompanie d b y a Gaelic revival that , by the en d of the fourteenth century, effectively cu t off the overland routes between Kilkenn y and Dublin. 84 Fig. 2 Lan d use in Kilkenny, 1654 , based on the Civil Surve y (after A. Byrne) . The survival and revival of Catholicism was due mainly to the protection tall conical roofs with campaniles wer e placed on the towers, the huge moat that it received from Thoma s Butler , tenth earl of Ormond, who succeeded was filled in , and formal terraced gardens were laid out.101 A tree wilderness, to the title in 154 6 an d died in 1614. 90 An important patron of the arts , h e cut through with avenue s and vistas lined with Scotc h pine, was planted to introduced Englis h renaissanc e buildin g style s t o th e south­east . Th e the sout h of the castl e an d ca n clearl y be see n in Francis Place' s vie w of mansions tha t h e constructe d a t Kilkenny Castl e an d a t Carrick­on­Suir in c. 169 8 (Plate l). 102 Th e duke had the east side of Castle Stree t demolished the 1560 s were the inspiration for the housing of the urban merchant class. 91 to create The Parade, a new formal approac h t o the castle tha t integrated it The remains of about te n such houses survive. Rothe House, built betwee n directly with the city.103 He established a new grammar school in c. 1666; he 1594 and 1610 , provides an almost unique insight into the living conditions upgraded overnight accommodation by introducing at least one experienced of th e wealth y urban middl e class.92 I n 165 4 the Civi l Surve y liste d thirt y innkeeper fro m Britain ; and , in 1676 , he enhance d th e corporation' s civi c houses wit h mor e tha n twelv e rooms, 14 7 house s wit h betwee n fiv e an d regalia by replacing their lost great mace with a new one of silver.104 twelve rooms, and 13 1 houses with fewe r than five rooms . Seventy houses The Restoration also brought Catholic priests back to the city. There were (or 22% of the total) occupied an area of 13 0 square metres o r more, while twelve in 1660 and fourteen in 1662, while a Franciscan priest had alread y the largest covered almost 300 square metres. 93 returned in 1658. 105 By 166 7 there were four parish chapels, a Jesuit chapel , The dissolution of the monasteries impacte d on the poor since several of a Capuchin friary, a Dominican house, a Franciscan house, an d five schools , the religious houses both treated th e sic k and looked after th e old and th e one of which was Jesuit run. Ormonde communicated to the mayor his wish infirm. Th e hospital of St Mary Magdale n was maintained, albeit deprived that mass should not be celebrated within the walls of the city. By 167 8 all of its lands, because it was in effect a retirement home for elderly burgesses. four parish chapels wer e located immediately outside the walls, but by 168 3 In 158 2 Si r Richard Shee established a n almshous e fo r si x 'honest , poor , the rebuilding of chapels withi n the walls provoked a reissue of the ban and unmarried men' and six widows of fifty year s of age or more. The men were prompted Ormond e t o wonde r ho w 'the y ca n b e s o ma d a s t o d o s o housed o n the first floor , th e women on the ground floor, an d the provision extravagant a thing in my town, and where I so often reside'.106 Th e placing of separat e entrances, on e at the front, th e other at the rear, mean t that there of Catholi c chapel s outsid e th e wall s provided an impetu s t o extramural could b e n o accidental encounter s betwee n them. 94 In 160 8 Stephe n Luker development an d initiate d th e ribbo n developmen t tha t wa s suc h a established th e hospital of St Mark and, in his will of 1614, Thomas Butler distinctive featur e o f the eighteenth­centur y cit y an d i s clearl y visible o n left mone y t o establis h anothe r almshouse , th e hospita l o f Ou r Blesse d Rocque's ma p of 175 8 (Maps 5, 6). Saviour, later known a s the Ormonde Poorhouse . The continuing tension betwee n th e ne w elit e and th e Catholi c middle From a t leas t th e 1580 s th e burgesse s ha d mad e representation s tha t class was graphically expressed b y the mayor when he complained in 170 8 Kilkenny shoul d b e raise d t o th e dignit y o f a cit y an d i n 160 9 i t wa s that 'th e protestant s o f this city ar e bu t a handful faced wit h a n inveterat e accorded this status. The city consisted of both Irishtown and the Hightown, and implacabl e enemy'. 107 Th e construction , commencing in 1698 , of a n although th e corporation s remaine d separate , an d it wa s license d t o hav e infantry barrack s in the old St John's Priory, and of cavalry barracks i n the three market days — on Tuesdays, Wednesday s an d Saturdays — and three former Franciscan friary, increased the elite's sense of security. In the census annual fairs, each of three days' duration , on the vigil of the feast day s of St of 170 2 there were 292 protestant families and 715 Catholic ones in the city, Patrick (1 6 March) , S t Joh n th e Baptis t (2 3 June ) an d S t Canic e (1 0 making a tota l o f 1,00 7 familie s an d a populatio n of perhap s 5,000. 108 October). The firs t office r wa s style d mayor, an d th e counci l consiste d of Despite the increase in population since 1660 , the corporation pointed out in eighteen aldermen. 95 I n 164 2 th e cit y becam e th e venu e fo r th e Catholi c 1704 that ther e wer e man y vacan t house s in the city. 109 In 173 1 protestan t Confederation of Kilkenny. During the following years there was a Catholic families forme d less than 20 % of the tota l numbe r of inhabitants an d th e renaissance reflected in the quality of the stone tombs erected between 164 2 protestant populatio n probabl y reache d a pea k i n th e 1730 s o r 1740s , and 1648 . The old parish churches, man y of which wer e in disrepair, were declining gradually thereafter. By 1800 the protestant population constituted rebuilt, th e Dominican s regaine d thei r forme r friary , th e Capuchin s 5% of the total. The decline of the protestant percentag e ha s bee n attributed established a ne w one , th e Jesuit s founde d a colleg e an d novitiate , th e to the fact that population growth throughout the eighteenth century was due Franciscans opene d a nunnery, an d Bisho p Rothe establishe d a college in to migration from th e city's rural, Catholic hinterland, whereas immigratio n 110 Rose Inn Street. from Englan d was negligible. Six month s afte r th e executio n o f Charle s I i n Januar y 1649 , a * * * parliamentary army under the control of Oliver Cromwell landed at Dublin. In Marc h 1650 , afte r a sieg e lasting on e week , Kilkenn y surrendered . I n The foundatio n o f Kilkenny' s prosperit y wa s it s ric h agricultura l 1654 an order was issue d t o clear Kilkenny an d to transplant its citizens to hinterland and , in particular, the sal e of cattle an d grain. Proximity t o th e 96 Connacht. The city was surveyed and valued with a view to reallocating its market increase d th e pric e o f land , an d farm s i n th e neighbourhoo d of properties. Th e resultin g document, th e Civi l Survey , provide s a n insight Kilkenny wer e rarely larger than 20 hectares. Its position made Kilkenny' s 97 into the building fabric and appearance of the city. It is incomplete, but the market an obvious collection point and both Tighe and Lewis stated that the surviving fragment list s over 200 residential buildings, 63% of which wer e spring cattl e fairs , whic h wer e attende d b y grazier s fro m al l over Ireland, stone­built wit h roof s o f slate ; 16 % ha d ston e wall s an d thatche d roofs , regulated the prices a t all others.111 Writin g in 1802, Tighe reported that: while 21% were constructe d o f wattles an d cla y an d wer e als o thatched ; The market of Kilkenny i s well supplie d with every article, with se a fis h in plenty almost all houses had an associated yar d (Fig. 2). The stone houses, and also from Dungarvan , and wit h al l kinds of garden stuf f an d frui t i n the season ; eve n the larges t houses , wer e concentrate d i n Castl e Stree t an d Hig h Stree t peaches, melons, grapes and pineapples; a s the produce of several gardens are sold (including th e late r Parliament Street) . Patric k Street ha d surprisingl y few besides tha t o f M r Robertson' s ho t house s an d nursery : th e cultivatio n o f stone houses, but this may reflect the incomplete nature of the record rather vegetables b y marke t gardener s ha s increase d thre e o r fou r fold , withi n thes e than th e reality o n the ground. ThIrishe majority o f thHistorice wattle and clay house s Townstwenty years . NAtlaso regular meat marke t is held at any other town [i n Co. Kilkenny] , Royal Irish Academy 2 were locate d o n th e lane s an d sid e street s off High Street . Garden s wer e though meat i s occasionally sold." evenly sprea d acros s th e city , bu t ther e wa s a concentratio n o f orchard s Sheep were raised in the vicinity of the city and 2­pound (0.9 kg) cheeses between th e axi s o f Parliamen t Street/S t Kiera n Stree t an d th e Nore . were a regular feature at the market. Pigs were usually bred by small farmers Outhouses, brew­houses , mal t houses, bakeries an d kilns were also widel y and cottiers, but it was not until the nineteenth century that bacon stores and dispersed. The tanneries wer e located in Irishtown and John Street, but there bacon yard s becam e a featur e o f th e cityscape . Th e onl y quantitativ e were none in the Hightown. Cattle, horses, pigs and poultry were kept in the estimate o f the city' s trade i s provided by William Chapma n i n his 178 7 city. Althoug h th e stable s an d co w shed s wer e fairl y evenl y dispersed , report o n th e propose d cana l linkin g Kilkenn y wit h Thomastown . H e poultry houses were confined to the Hightown and, while there was only one indicates tha t a n average of 15,16 2 tons of agricultural produce, 89 % of it pigsty in Parliament Street, ther e were seven in Patrick Street. 98 cereals, passed southwards annually from Kilkenny , plus 3,000 tons of local In th e poll tax of 1660 the city's taxpayers wer e enumerated a t 1,311 , of coal, 1,00 0 ton s of marble and 200 tons of tallow and hides. In return 3,000 whom 35 9 wer e Ne w English . Whe n childre n an d th e ver y poo r ar e tons of timber and iron, 2,00 0 tons of imported sea coal , and 1,00 0 ton s of included, the total population was probably double this.99 The majority of the oil, wine , spirits, salt and raw materials came northwards to the city. 113 Th e English (220) lived within the walls of the Hightown, where they constituted low estimat e o f imported goods presumabl y reflect s th e fac t tha t mos t of just ove r hal f (50.05% ) the population . The settler s wer e concentrate d in Kilkenny's needs were supplied by Dublin rather than by Waterford."4 High Stree t an d Castl e Street , wher e the y forme d 73% of the population, The city share d in the agricultural slump after 181 5 which, exacerbate d whereas i n Patric k Stree t an d Parliamen t Stree t the y forme d 30% . I n by the failure of the corn crop in 1816, occasioned a famine in 1817.115 None Irishtown th e settler s wer e 40 % an d i n Joh n Stree t 35 % o f th e total. 100 the les s Kilkenny's markets , warehouse s and mills remained the busies t in Outside th e wall s of the Hightow n ther e wer e 14 7 people , onl y thre e of the county and, between 182 6 and 1835 , 34% of all county wheat sales and whom wer e English; outside th e walls of St John's there wer e 14 4 people, 45% of oat sales were made withi n the city.116 An agricultural depression in six of whom wer e English, while outside the walls of Irishtown there wer e the mi d 1830 s reduce d prices b y abou t one­quarte r and , whil e ther e wa s 225 people , onl y te n of whom wer e English. This pattern indicate s tha t it little chang e in th e numbe r o f corn store s afte r thi s date , th e numbe r of tended t o b e th e larger , wealthie r an d mor e secur e stone­buil t propertie s working mills declined. 117 By the end of the century severa l mill s had bee n within the walls that were occupied by the settlers . converted int o sa w mill s whil e Archer s Grov e Mills (th e medieva l Ston e The city' s fortune s improve d with th e Restoration . Jame s Butler, now Mills) became derelict. duke of Ormonde, transformed the castle and had a substantial impact on the In additio n t o bein g a marketin g centre , Kilkenn y develope d othe r appearance of the city. With the exception of the hall and gallery built in the economic roles. In 1654 there were four tuck mills for fulling cloth , but this 1580s, Kilkenn y Castl e ha d remaine d a largely medieval fortress an d th e was stil l a n ancillar y activity becaus e two corn mills wer e als o presen t a t duke se t abou t convertin g it int o a French­styl e chateau . Parapet s wer e each site . Friez e — a rough , heav y woolle n clot h — wa s manufacture d demolished, ornamental cornices and tall chimneys were added, large multi­ during th e secon d hal f o f th e seventeent h century , bu t competitio n fro m paned an d rusticated windows were punched through the 3.5­m­thick walls, Carrick­on­Suir force d th e weaver s t o produc e worsted , a fine r qualit y fabric. Th e woollen industry , and blanket manufacturing in particular, was the city' s main sourc e o f employment throughou t th e eighteent h century . Most of the wool sold at the Kilkenny markets wen t to Cork or Carrick­on­ Suir, whil e th e woo l use d t o manufacture th e upmarke t Kilkenn y blanket s was a lamb's­wool brought from Dublin. Towards the end of the century the Castle Mills, which had functioned for almost six hundred years principally as grai n mills , wer e converte d t o woolle n mills , an d th e Maudli n Mill s became woollen mill s befor e 1792 . In his review of the industr y in 1800, Tighe states that there were fifty workin g looms providing employment for about 78 0 people , o r 5 % o f th e entir e population . Teasels wer e use d fo r raising th e na p o n blanket s an d Tigh e add s tha t seve n o r eigh t acre s of teasels wer e cultivated , chiefly i n gardens nea r th e cit y wall. 118 B y 182 1 eleven woolle n manufacturer s directl y employe d 765 people, who are sai d to hav e ha d nearly 2,500 dependants. 119 B y this time the value of the city's woollen output was up from £32,50 0 in 1800 to £84,000 in 1821. 120 In 1831 the rise in the price of wool gav e a new impetus to blanket manufacturing, but i t wa s short­live d an d b y 183 7 onl y 60 0 worke d i n th e woolle n business.121 B y 184 1 the Ormonde Woollen Mills coul d no longer afford t o employ weavers. 122 The y revive d i n th e 1880 s an d struggle d o n unti l destroyed by fire in 1969. In 170 1 th e Hugueno t Willia m Crommellin , a brothe r o f Loui s Crommellin wh o established a linen manufactor y a t Lisburn in 1698 , wa s settled i n the cit y b y th e secon d duk e o f Ormonde. Th e busines s proved unsuccessful an d appear s t o hav e cease d b y 1709 . Shortl y befor e 1763 , Bishop Pococke founde d th e Lintown Weavin g School on Green's Hill, in which Catholi c boys betwee n th e age s of twelve and sixtee n wer e taugh t linen weaving, reading and writing, and 'were instructed in the principles of the protestant religion'. The school had a factory attached t o it, but by 182 5 its educationa l function ha d ceased, the 'boys ' wer e found o n investigation to b e adults , an d th e schoo l had becom e a money­making venture fo r th e master.123 It ceased producing linen in 1839. Bleach greens were establishe d on bot h sides of the Nore at a short distance fro m th e city in the 1780 s an d 1790s an d ther e ar e survivin g illustration s of fla x se t ou t t o dr y i n th e grounds of Kilkenny College.124 Despite these endeavours, th e linen industry remained unsuccessfu l becaus e there wa s n o incentiv e to grow flax i n an area where corn flourished. 125 Fig. 3 Municipal , parish and ward boundaries, 184 2 (OS). Throughout the middle ages the Black Quarry functioned as the common individual public houses with specific brewers, forced Irish breweries out of quarry of the town but , by the eighteent h century , it was in private hands . the Britis h marke t an d James's Street Brewer y closed by the beginning of The quarry provided the best quality limestone locally, which when polished the First World War. Its premises wer e acquired by Smithwicks. In contrast had a distinctive dark blac k colour . This polished limestone, o r 'marble' , with brewing, which has a long history in Kilkenny, distilling seems to have became th e basi s o f a n importan t eighteenth ­ an d nineteenth­centur y been practised , a t leas t officially , fo r little mor e tha n sixt y years . I n 178 2 industry. Throughou t th e eighteent h century , Kilkenn y wa s synonymou s there wer e eigh t distiller s and th e las t mentio n is in 184 6 whe n Richard with coal, although the mines were located 20 km north of the city. The firs t Hyland had a distillery in Friary Street . Most of the distilleries were short ­ pits were sun k near Castlecomer shortl y after 170 0 and coal was markete d lived and no more than two operated a t any one time during this period. The 126 at Kilkenny. Th e trad e i n coal wa s substantia l an d b y th e middle of the longest­lived was the John's Street Distillery, which functioned from a t least eighteenth century the northern part of High Street wa s named Coal Market 1787 until 184 4 when it was destroyed by fire . (now Parliamen t Street) . A t leas t twelv e coalyard s ar e evidence d i n th e In 165 4 four tanneries wer e listed in the Civil Survey, two of which were nineteenth­century cit y an d in 1758 , when John Rocqu e showe d the pillars located in Irishtown and the other two in St John's. By 1800 there were eight of Kilkenny' s industry in the cartouche o f his map (Map 5), it was marble, tanneries, th e larges t o f which ha d twent y vat s an d twenty­eigh t smaller coal and wool that he selected . tanning pits, termed handlers , an d employe d eight men. In total th e eigh t Ironworking increased in importance from th e middle of the seventeent h tanneries operate d eight y vats an d 17 0 handlers, an d employed thirty­fiv e 127 century as new sources of ore were discovered near Castlecomer. Th e iron men; eac h va t processe d thirt y t o fort y hide s whil e eac h handler , whic h gates fo r Kilkenn y Castl e wer e manufacture d locall y i n 168 2 an d wer e contained a weake r tanni c solution , processed sixtee n t o twent y hides. 130 128 judged to be a s good as London workmanship of the period. A factory for This mean t tha t between 5,00 0 an d 7,60 0 hide s coul d b e processe d a t an y manufacturing iron nails was established in 1773, but only towards the close one time . Th e Ordnanc e Surve y ma p o f 184 1 show s thre e tanneries , a t of th e eighteenth century are individual smithies referred to. In the course of Bateman's Quay , Dean Stree t an d Vicar Street , whil e in the census * of that the nineteenth centur y fou r foundrieIrishs worke d botHistoricRoyalh iron an d brass , whilIrish e a Towns Academyyear onl y fiv Atlase tanner s wer e employe d in th e city ; ther e were , however , copper manufactor y i s referred to in James's Street in 1815. The census of fourteen skinners , fiv e leather­dresser s an d eleve n curriers . I n 184 1 1841 list s 5 iro n founders , 5 9 blacksmiths , 1 farrier , 3 8 nailers , 1 9 footwear wa s the largest industry in the city with a total of 537 persons (all whitesmiths (i.e. tinsmiths) and 27 braziers or coppersmiths. In 1846 at least but fifty­nin e o f who m wer e male ) employe d i n boo t an d sho e nineteen forge s an d fou r foundrie s operate d i n th e city , bu t b y 185 6 th e manufacturing.131 Man y lived clos e to Green's Bridge in the area known a s numbers had dropped to six forges an d two foundries. The 188 1 census lists Broguemaker's Hill , a placename firs t recorde d in 1840 . In 1884 only on e 6 iro n founders , 3 8 blacksmiths , 1 1 nailers an d 2 whitesmiths , and thes e tannery remained in the city, a t Thomas Street , an d by 189 4 it had closed. figures ar e much the sam e in the 189 1 census; by contrast ther e wer e onl y The cit y la y o n th e mai n roa d betwee n Dubli n an d Cork , an d roa d two brazier s or coppersmiths in 1881, dropping to one in 1891. improvements turned it into a busy coaching centre. The first coac h servic e One of the major industrial changes of the post­medieval period was th e to Dubli n must have commenced about 1730 , since in 1779 the Royal Garter shift fro m privat e brewing , a traditiona l righ t o f th e town' s freemen , t o Inn wa s described a s having been th e stagecoac h pick­u p point for the past commercial brewing , and in the cours e o f the eighteent h centur y reward s fifty years. 132 B y the 1770 s ther e wa s a daily servic e to Dublin, givin g th e were offere d for information leadin g to the closur e of private breweries. 129 city a more regular postal service than that of many other inland towns. The Two mal t houses are mentioned in the Civil Survey of 1654 and at least fiv e first Kilkenny­base d coach­maker i s atteste d i n 1786 . The failure , despit e others ar e recorde d shortl y after th e Restoration , suggesting tha t public or many efforts, to build a canal that would make the city accessibl e fro m th e common brewing was a feature of the urban economy during the second half sea had an enduring impact. It led to the development of rival market places, of th e century. In 1691 at least on e brewer, Miles Lyons, and two maltsters notably Bagenalstown on the Barrow and Clonmel on the Suir, from whic h were operating in the city. The first brewery that can be linked directly wit h it wa s cheaper to ship goods to Dublin an d Waterford. a family i s Archdeakin's (later James's Street) brewery, established in 1702 By th e lat e 1840s , whe n th e railway s arrived , mos t o f Kilkenny' s in wha t was almost certainly a pre­existing brewing premises. Smithwicks, manufacturing industrie s wer e i n decline . A parliamentar y ac t o f 184 5 the best­known Kilkenny brewers, acquired Brennan's distiller y in 1827 and enabled the Waterford and Kilkenny Railway to construct a line between the established S t Francis' Abbey Brewery. In 1787 there were ten breweries in two cities , but it was not until 186 4 that the connection with Waterford was the city, by 182 4 the number had declined to five, an d in 1837 it had falle n achieved. The Great Souther n an d Western Railway built th e line betwee n to four . Ther e wa s evidentl y a flurr y o f activity i n the year s immediately Dublin an d Carlo w in 1846 , an d extende d i t to Kilkenn y i n 1850 . From following becaus e b y 183 9 th e numbe r ha d increase d t o eight , bu t th e Kilkenny (Lavistown ) Junction , the Grea t Souther n an d Wester n Railway expansion wa s short­lived . In 184 1 there wer e five brewerie s an d by 185 6 trains had to travel over the Waterford and Kilkenny Railway track and this there were only two — St Francis' Abbey (Smithwicks) and James's Street was such a source of contention that in 1867 the Great Southern and Western (Sullivans). Smithwick s and Sullivan s managed t o survive the contracting Railway laid a second line. Disagreement between the companies meant that domestic marke t b y expandin g thei r market s t o Englan d an d Wales . Th e cattle and other goods ha d to be off­loaded from on e wagon and placed on development o f th e Britis h tied­hous e system , however , whic h linke d another, and the Great Southern and Western Railway scheduled its service s so that it was quicker to get to Dublin from Waterfor d via Limerick than via and th e ne w politica l climat e made the cit y unattractiv e a s a residence for 142 Kilkenny.133 Thi s situatio n ease d whe n th e Grea t Souther n an d Wester n the Butler family. I n 193 5 th e contents o f the castl e were auctione d an d Railway absorbe d it s riva l i n 1900 . Th e locatio n o f th e railwa y statio n the family move d from Ireland . The principal industries remained th e same appears to have been governed by two factors. Firstly , a line on the wester n as those of the 1830 s — brewing, shoemaking, woolle n manufacturing an d side of the Nore could not have come clos e withou t bisecting the parkland iron­working — bu t the y wer e practise d o n a muc h smalle r scale . Th e of Kilkenn y Castle and , secondly , th e open fields on the eastern edge of the foundation i n 196 5 o f th e Kilkenn y Desig n Workshops , a government ­ city allowe d plenty of opportunity to expand , a s i n 186 7 whe n a line wa s sponsored bod y charge d wit h promotin g goo d desig n i n Iris h industry , opened linkin g it with Maryborough (Portlaoise).134 attracted artists an d craftspeople wh o played an active role in the life of the Between 179 0 an d 1840 , smal l privat e school s an d academie s city, an d wh o wer e largel y behind th e launching , in 1974 , o f th e annua l flourished in the city. These gradually increased i n numbers unti l the mid­ Kilkenny Art s Week. Th e ne w Kilkenn y Archaeologica l Society, founde d 1830s, whe n the y decline d a s a resul t o f governmen t refor m an d in 1945 , als o prove d t o b e a progressive , far­sighte d force . Th e investment i n public education . Severa l Catholi c school s existe d i n th e reconstruction of Rothe House in 1963­5 highlighted the importance of the early eighteenth­centur y city , bu t no t unti l late r tha t centur y di d the y city's architectura l heritag e an d th e member s campaigne d wit h stead y become a prominent feature. Burrell' s Hall opened a s the diocesan colleg e success for the conservatio n o f the urba n fabric . The societ y prepare d th e in 1783 ; a year late r two free schools , caterin g fo r poorer Catholics , wer e way fo r th e touris m industr y o f th e 1980 s an d 1990s , whic h le d t o th e set u p i n Chape l Lane ; i n 180 0 th e Presentatio n conven t schoo l wa s restoration o f Kilkenn y Castl e an d th e She e Alm s House . Th e restore d established, initiall y fo r twelv e girls , bu t b y 181 8 i t had expande d t o 30 0 castle, presente d togethe r wit h it s parkland to th e citizen s o f Kilkenny in girls. This group of schools wa s locate d in the sam e area (as wer e th e late r 1967 by Arthur Butler, 6th marquess of Ormonde, i s now one of the majo r Christian Brothers' school s a t Tilbury Plac e and James's Street), formin g a tourist attractions o f south­eastern Ireland. The development o f the city a s sector of Catholic educatio n aroun d S t Mary's Cathedra l an d th e bishop' s a touris t centr e brough t it s ow n problem s and , i n th e 1990s , th e palace.135 Architecturall y th e school s wer e unpretentiou s but , wit h th e construction of hotel complexes, shoppin g malls and high­rise car parks — passing o f th e Catholi c Emancipatio n Ac t i n 1829 , thei r topographica l designed t o servic e th e expandin g number s o f visitors — resulte d i n th e profile wa s heightene d a s the y develope d int o hug e complexes . Togethe r obliteration of much of the city's historic fabric. It is still too soon to know, with th e constructio n o f th e ne w S t Mary' s Cathedral , betwee n 184 3 an d but th e mos t far­reachin g undertakin g in the twentiet h century ma y hav e 1857, a s th e larges t an d mos t prominen t buildin g i n th e city , thes e been the expansion o f Smithwicks Brewery and the promotion of Kilkenny developments proclaime d th e arriva l o f th e Catholi c middl e clas s a s a Ale, a beverage that ha s mad e the city a household nam e to virtually ever y powerful forc e i n city life . A simila r confidence i s displaye d i n th e neo ­ adult in north­western Europe . Tudor design of St Kieran's College, the new diocesan college , built in 1836. NOTES The eighteent h an d nineteent h centurie s sa w th e developmen t o f 1. Deirdr e and Laurence Flanagan , Irish place names (Dublin, 1994) , pp 70­74. important servic e industrie s suc h a s banking , insurance an d printing. 136 A 2. Proceeding s and papers (4), pp 411­12; Joan Radner (ed.), Fragmentary annals of Ireland (Dublin, 1978) , p. 167 . book trade existed in Kilkenny in the 1590s , bu t libraries are not recorde d 3. Excavations 1997, p. 99. until th e lat e seventeent h century. 137 Bookseller s an d circulatin g libraries 4. Carrigan , iii, p . 192 . Carrigan, who seems to have based his account o n Hogan, 1884 , p. 267, suggested that this was the site of St Nicholas's Church, but this cannot be so since it was a church in St Mary's parish first appeare d i n th e eighteent h centur y but , wit h th e exceptio n o f th e (Carrigan, iii, p. 9). 138 Kilkenny Circulatin g Library Society , littl e i s know n o f thei r history. 5. Song ofDermot, pp 95­105, especially p. 101 . The assassination of Gilla Patraic ma c Domnaill Mac Gilla Other leisur e interest s tha t develope d i n the eighteent h centur y include d Patraic i n 114 6 ar lar Cille Caindigh, 'in the middle of Kilkenny', almos t certainl y implies that h e wa s living there (AFM, ii , p. 1081). bowling an d tennis , whil e th e openin g of the club house in Patrick Street 6. Murtagh , 1993, p. 1108 ; Excavations 1992, p. 39. The suggestion tha t Kilkenny Castle stands on the sit e in 179 7 provided a social forum in which men could meet. From the 1780 s of the Mac Gilla Patraic fortres s wa s made in Hogan, 1884 , pp 53, 106. 7. Holinshed , pp 58­9. until the 1820s , however , the principal social event wa s the annual theatre 8. Ann. Tig., pp 433^4; Calendar of the Pembroke estate office (Dublin, 1891) , p. 11. season. Th e performance s wer e produce d originall y b y visitin g 9. Ma c Niocaill, p. 138 ; Liber primus, pp 73—4 ; Sidney Painter , William Marshal (Baltimore, 1933) , p. 152; companies, bu t the foundation of the Kilkenny Players initiate d a phase of David Crouch, William Marshal: court, career and chivalry in the Angevin empire 1147—1219 (London, 1990), p. 197 ; Bernard and Butler, p. 8. gentleman actors . Visitin g companie s performe d i n th e tholse l o r 10. Ma c Niocaill, pp 135­8 ; Liber primus, pp 71­4. courthouse, bu t th e gentlema n player s constructe d thei r ow n theatr e o n 11. Liber primus, p. 1. 12. Hogan , 1883 , pp 16­34. The information in this paper, though ground­breaking in its day, needs to be used The Parade in 1805. For the next fourteen years the Kilkenny season was on e with caution; the evidence fo r the existence of a parish of St Rioc is suspect, to say th e least. 139 of th e highlight s of th e Iris h socia l calendar. A mor e endurin g cultural 13. Berry , p. 124. group wa s th e Kilkenn y Archaeologica l Society, whic h becam e a national 14. Carrigan , iii, p. 5; Ormond deeds, 1172-1350, p. 19. 15. Ormond deeds, 1350-1413, p. 27. Hogan placed this building much further sout h (Hogan , 1884 , p. 156 , organisation withi n a decad e o f it s foundatio n i n 184 9 becaus e o f it s n.l). vigorous campaign fo r the preservation o f Ireland's ancien t monuments . In 16. Prim , 1849 , pp 37­40. 17. Carrigan , iii, pp 4­5. 1890 i t wa s designate d th e Roya l Societ y o f Antiquarie s o f Irelan d and , 18. Liber primus, pp 5­6. Stone s were removed from th e street (causey) outside John Tanker's house in 1364 within a few years, moved its headquarters and museum t o Dublin. (ibid., pp 12­13). 19. Cal. doc. Ire., 1302-7, pp 186­7 . The eighteent h an d nineteent h centurie s als o witnesse d th e 20. Liber primus, p. 2. establishment, usuall y o n th e urba n periphery , of public institutions suc h 21. Ibid. , pp 26­7. as infirmaries , fever hospitals , workhouse s an d a gaol, a s wel l a s publi c 22. Excavations 1997, p. 101. 140 23. Pete r Harbison , 'Thre e decorate d woode n beam s of th e thirteent h centur y i n Roth e Hous e Museum , utilities suc h a s th e Cit y Ga s Works. In 184 1 th e city' s housin g stoc k Kilkenny', in Old Kilkenny Rev., no. 25 (1973), pp 40­41. consisted o f 248 first­clas s houses , 940 second­clas s houses, 1,17 9 third ­ 24. Cal. doc. Ire., 1302-7, pp 186­7 . The burgess roll of 1383^1 lists only 11 9 individuals (Liber primus, pp 68­70). class house s an d 69 0 fourth­clas s houses , makin g a tota l o f 3,35 7 25. Ormond deeds, 1413-1509, pp 106­7 . structures. Groupin g th e third ­ anIrishd fourth­clas sHistoric houseRoyals together , 60 Irish% o f Towns 26Academy. Bradle y and KingAtlas, p. 979; Excavations 1992, p. 40; Excavations 1995, p. 49. the house s in the cit y wer e essentiall y mu d cabins. House s of high valu e 27. Excavations 1995, p. 49. 28. Bradley , 1975­6 . were concentrate d o n Parliamen t Street , Hig h Stree t an d Patric k Stree t 29. Carrigan , iii, p. 9. (Map 8) . The population reached a height of 23,741 in 1831 , but did not 30. Ormond deeds, 1172-1350, pp 10­11 . 31. Watters , 1883^4 , p. 239. recover fro m th e impact of the cholera epidemic in the following years. By 32. Liber primus, pp 6, 13 , 14 , 18­20 and passim. 1841 th e populatio n ha d decline d t o 19,07 1 and , althoug h i t ha d rise n 33. Extents Ir. mon. possessions, p. 198; Excavations 1996, p. 56. slightly b y 1851 , thi s wa s onl y becaus e thousand s o f starvin g peopl e 34. Liber primus, pp 102 , 50 and passim; Watters, 1881 , no. 123. 35. Cal. doc. Ire., 1171-1251, p . 414. sought t o survive the famine year s by taking refuge i n the workhouse. By 36. Roge r Stalley, Architecture and sculpture in Ireland 1150-1350 (Dublin, 1971) , p. 14 8 37. Cal. doc. Ire., 1302-7, pp 186­7 . 1891 the population had dropped t o 11,048 . 38. Bradley , 1975­6, p. 98; Ormond deeds, 1413-1509, pp 338­9; Watters, 1872­3c , p. 208. 39. Excavations 1996, p. 58; Bradley and King, p. 985, the brown soil layer. * * * 40. Carrigan , iii, pp 248­9. The charter, however, dates to c. 122 3 rather than 1211. 41. Leask , ii , p. 110. In retrospect th e decline of Kilkenny in the secon d hal f of the nineteent h 42. Browne , facing p. 229. The engraving is an enlargement o f the detail in Mitchell's view (Plate 2). 43. Liber primus, p. IS. century may be traced to the failure to build a canal in the 1770 s and 1780s . 44. Lawlor , 1908 , p. 191. The los s o f trad e mean t tha t ther e wa s littl e loca l capita l an d th e city' s 45. Cotter , p. 1068 . woollen mill s an d blanke t manufactorie s functione d onl y fo r a s lon g a s 46. Joh n Bradley and Andrew Halpin, 'Th e topographical development o f Scandinavian an d Anglo­Norman Waterford', in William Nolan and TP. Power (eds), Waterford: history and society (Dublin, 1992) , p. 123. they coul d pay exploitativel y cheap wages. Onc e tariff s wer e raise d an d 47. Barry . mass­produced Englis h goods flooded the market in the 1830s , the woollen 48. Bradley , 1985. 49. Ma c Niocaill, p. 138; Liber primus, p. 73. industry wa s unabl e t o adapt. Demographically, Kilkenny's population did 50. Carrigan , iii, p. 178 ; KCA, CR/B/5. not recove r fro m th e 7 % los s it endure d durin g th e choler a epidemi c of 51. Ormond deeds, 1350-1413, pp 242­3. 1832, a loss accentuated during the famine years of 1845­8. It was perhaps 52. Ormond deeds, 1414-1509, p. 105. 53. Th e watercours e supplyin g the Maudli n Mill s wa s in existence b y c. 122 3 an d clearl y avoided that of the psychologica l trauma o f the famin e an d th e absenc e of any economi c Bishop's Mills . revival in its aftermath tha t directed minds towards emigratio n and for th e 54. Cotter , pp 1068­9 . 55. Ormond deeds, 1350-1413, pp 346­9. next 15 0 year s th e cit y continue d t o los e mor e peopl e tha n i t gained . 56. Liber primus, pp 2­5. Population declin e continue d throughou t th e firs t hal f o f th e twentiet h 57. Cal. doc. Ire., 1302-7, pp 346­9. century, reachin g a lo w of 10,04 6 i n 1926 ; fo r th e nex t twent y year s it 58. Healy , pp 383^. 59. Th e tw o were no t exclusive : Rober t Talbo t (d. 1415 ) evidentl y dealt bot h in ale an d in wine (see , fo r stabilised around the 10,00 0 mark and in the 1950 s it climbed to 12,000; by instance, Liber primus, p. 3; Ormond deeds, 1350-1413, pp 346­9). the 1970 s the population had returned to late eighteenth­century levels , but 60. Hor e and Graves, pp 110 , 131­2. 61. Bradle y and King, p. 976; Excavations 1995, p. 49. it stil l remain s short of the early nineteenth­century figures . 62. Liber primus, p. 88. The rental must date to before 141 5 when Robert Talbot died (Prim, 1850 , p. 36). Except fo r a week­long sieg e of Kilkenny Castle , th e cit y wa s largel y 63. Liber primus, pp 106 , 108 , 122 , 123. 64. Ibid. , pp 109­10, 112­13 . unaffected b y the War of Independence (1919­21) o r the subsequen t Civil 65. Fo r example, Richar d Stanihurst i n De rebus in Hibernia gestis (1584), cited in Colm Lennon , Richard War (1922­3).141 The castle itself gradually fell into decay as declining rents Stanihurst, the Dubliner 1547-1618 (Dublin, 1981) , p. 141 ; and Luke Gernon, 'A discourse o f Ireland, anno 1620' , i n C.L. Falkiner, Illustrations of Irish history and topography, mainly of the seventeenth century (London, 1904) , p. 354. Topographical Information 66. Terenc e Reeves­Smyth, Irish gardens and gardening before Cromwell (Carrigtwohill, 1999) , p. 117. 67. Liber primus, p . 7 . Othe r instance s of burgesses engaging i n agriculture ar e cite d in Hore an d Graves , The followin g informatio n relates not to an y singl e administrativ e division or th e shee t pp 126­7 ; bee­keeping is also indicated (ibid., pp 128­9) . lines of any particular map, but to the built­up area of Kilkenny a t each of the dates referred 68. Ormond deeds, 1350-1413, pp 342­3; Ledwich, p. 401. to. 69. Healy , appendix, p p 74­87. All grid references used are derived from the Irish National Grid. This grid appears at 10 0 70. C B 9.9.1712 . m interval s on Map 3. In the Topographical Information grid references are included wher e 71. Carrigan , iii, p. 3. possible fo r feature s no t name d o n eithe r Ma p 2 or Map 3 : the y ar e give n in eight figure s 72. Liber primus, pp 123 , 159 ; Bradley, 1975­6, p. 90. (the last four figures respectively of the eastings and northings shown on Map 3) and indicate 73. Liber primus, pp 19 , 24. the approximate centr e of the featur e i n question. 74. Ormond deeds, 1350-1413, pp 348­9; Liber primus, p. 159 . The entrie s under each heading, excep t fo r Streets , ar e arrange d i n chronological orde r 75. Ormond deeds, 1350-1413, p. 110 ; Cal. doc. Ire., 1302-7, p. 187 . by categories: for example, al l mills ar e liste d before al l forges, becaus e the oldest mil l pre ­ 76. Liber primus, p. 87; Ormond deeds, 1350-1413, pp 347­8 . 77. Wright , p. 15 . dates the oldes t forge . 78. Richardso n an d Sayles, pp 332­65 . In general , date s o f initiatio n an d cessatio n ar e specifie d a s such . Wher e thes e ar e 79. Ormond deeds, 1350-1413, pp 346­9. unknown, the first an d last recorded date s are given, and references of intermediate dat e ar e 80. Liber primus, pp 7­8. omitted excep t wher e corroborativ e evidenc e appear s necessary. Features originating after 81. Ibid. , pp 49, 51. 1900 ar e liste d only in exceptiona l cases . In source­citations , a pai r o f years joined by a 82. Ibid. , pp 30­32. hyphen include s al l intervening year s fo r whic h that sourc e i s available : thu s 1841­199 9 83. Carrigan , i, p. 281; iii, pp 174 , 192 ; Liber primus, pp 24 (1372), 81 (1383), 88­9 (1406). The decline in the (OS) means all Ordnance Survey map s from 184 1 to 199 9 inclusive. burgage rent of Irishtown may also reflect abandonment (Lawlor, 1908 , p. 191). The list of early spellings in section 1 is confined to the earliest an d latest examples noted 84. Empey , 1970­71 , pp 179­81; Art Cosgrove, Late medieval Ireland, 1370-1541 (Dublin, 1981) , pp 13­16 . of th e variant s deeme d t o b e th e mos t significant . Wher e necessar y th e earlies t note d 85. Ormond deeds, 1413-1509, pp 106­7 , 114 . attestation o f the commones t spellin g in each of these categories is also given. 86. Letters and papers, foreign and domestic, of the reign of Henry VIII, 1539, pt 2 (London, 1895), p. 350, quoted in Neely, 1989 , p. 38; KCA CR/B/15. Street name s ar e liste d i n alphabetica l order . Th e firs t entr y fo r eac h stree t give s it s 87. KC A CR/I/8­9, 16 , 19­20, 22, 24, 30, 32; CR/H/2. present­day name according to the most authoritative source, followed by its first identifiable 88. Carrigan , i, p p 80, 84­5, 98. appearance, name d o r unnamed , o n a ma p o r i n anothe r recor d an d th e variou s name s 89. Neely . 1989 , p. 50. subsequently applie d t o i t i n chronologica l orde r o f occurrence . Fo r name s remainin g 90. Joh n Kirwan, 'Thoma s Butler , tenth earl of Ormond (c. 1532­1614): his stewardship of the family estates', unchanged on successive Ordnance Survey maps , only the first occurrenc e of the Ordnance in Kirwan, pp 58­78. Survey spellin g is cited. 91. Murtagh , 1993 , p. 1112 ; Jane Fenlon, Ormond Castle, Carrick-on-Suir (Dublin, 1996) . The sectio n o n residence i s no t intende d t o embrac e more tha n a smal l fractio n of th e 92. Joh n Bradley, 'From frontier town to renaissance city: Kilkenny 1500­1700' , in Peter Borsay and Lindsay town's dwelling houses. The main criteria for inclusion are (1) contribution to the townscape , Proudfoot (eds) , Change, convergence and divergence: provincial towns in early modern England and past or present; (2) significance in defining critical stages in the history of urban or suburba n Ireland (forthcoming). housing; (3 ) abundanc e of documentation, especiall y fo r house s representative of a larg e 93. Neely . 1989 , pp 70­71. 94. Proceeding s and papers (3), pp 313­20 . class of dwellings. Biographical associations are no t in themselves a ground for inclusion. 95. Neely , 1989 , pp 22­3. Abbreviated source­references ar e explained in the bibliography on pages 27­8 o r in the 96. Prendergast , p. 343. general lis t inside th e back cover . 97. CS, vi, pp 499­557. 98. Thi s summary i s based on Byrne. 1 Name 99. Census, 1659, pp 431­2. The totals have been arrived at by including only the built­up areas; a further 411 Early spellings lived within the rural area of the liberties. On the use of these census figures, se e Dickson , p. 334. Cell Caindigh 111 4 (Ann. Tig., 337) ; Cell Chainnic h c. 116 0 (Bk Leinster, i , 190); 120 4 100. Th e name of Irishtown is left blank in the census (Census, 1659, p. 431). (Ann. Inisf., 332) . 101. Murtagh , 1993, p. 1113 . Kylkenni 120 7 (Bernar d an d Butler , 18) ; Kilkenni earl y 13t h cent . (Ir. mon. deeds, 2 ; 102. Keit h Lamb and Patrick Bowe, A history of gardening in Ireland (Dublin, 1995) , p. 21. 103. Excavations 1997, p. 103 . Song ofDermot, 98) . 104. Ormonde MSS, iii , p. 454; Prim, 1870, pp 295­7. Kilkennia c . 120 7 (Liber primus, 71) . 105. 6 Fearghail , 1990 , p. 214. Kilkenny 1498­ 9 (Liber primus, 109 ) to present. 106. Ormonde MSS, vii , p. 139 . Kilkennie 158 7 (Holinshed, 58). 107. Neely , 1989 , p. 154 . Canicopolis c. 162 0 (Carrigan, iii , 3). 108. Ibid. , p. 114 . Neely suggests a population of c. 4,000 but se e als o Dickson, p. 334 and n. 4. Ceall Caindigh early 17t h cent. (AFM, ii , 922) . 109. Neely , 1989 , p. 139 . Current spellings 110. Dickson , pp 335­6 . Kilkenny 111. Tighe , pp 316­18, 337 , 410; Lewis, ii, p. 110 . Cill Chainnig h 112. Tighe , p. 498. The location of Robertson's nurseries is unknown (ibid., pp 580­81; Lamb and Bowe, op. Derivation cit., pp 94­5). 113. Tighe , pp 12,318­19,331 . Church of [St] Canice (se e 11 Religion). 114. Dickson , p. 339. 115. Neely , 1989 , pp 177­8 . 2 Legal status 116. Dickson , p. 340. Burgus c. 120 5 (Ir. mon. deeds, 2) . 117. Neely , 1989 , pp 177­8 . Burgesses grante d libertie s b y Willia m Marsha l th e elder , ear l o f Pembroke , i n 120 7 118. Tighe , pp 409, 544, 547­8. (Liber primus, 71) . 119. Dickson , p. 342 ; Lewis, ii, p . 110 . The latte r suggeste d tha t woolle n manufacturing employe d betwee n Vill c. 122 3 (Dugdale , vi , p t 2, 1144) . 3,000 and 4,000 peopl e i n 1821, but perhaps he meant workers and dependants. Civitas 132 4 (Wright, 1) . 120. Dickson , p. 342. Within th e franchise o f the town of Kilkenny 138 2 (Ormond deeds, 1350-1413, 189) . 121. Lewis , ii, p. 110 ; KJ 20.8.1831. 122. Neely , 1989 , pp 187­8 . Charter incorporatin g Irishtow n an d Kilkenn y a s 'th e sovereign , burgesse s an d 123. Quane , pp 43, 52. commonalty of the town of Kilkenny' i n 157 4 (KCA) . 124. FU 18.2.1786 , 24.1.1787 ; Tighe, pp 542­3; Pau l Caffrey , John Comerford and the portrait miniature in Charter grante d by King James I making towns of Kilkenny and Irishtown a free boroug h Ireland c. 1620-1850 (Kilkenny, 1999) , p. 12 . in 160 8 (KCA CR/A/1). 125. Neely , 1989 , p. 181. Charter grante d by King James I erecting borough into free city and county in 1609 (KCA 126. Tighe , pp 43­5, 50­51, 103 and appendix, p . 12. CR/A/2). 127. Ibid. , pp 43, 73­6. Borough, consistin g o f mayor , alderme n an d burgesse s o f th e cit y o f Kilkenn y 128. Ormonde MSS, vi , p. 465. established unde r municipal corporations (Ireland ) act, 184 0 ( 3 & 4 Vict., c . 108) ; 129. Neely , 1989 , p. 189 . implemented in 184 3 (Patterson , 119) . 130. Tighe , p. 551. 131. Census, 1841, p. 52. 132. Neely , 1989 , pp 191­4 . 3 Parliamentary status 133. Murra y and McNeill, pp 17­21 , 62­5. Part of the liberty of Kilkenny ( 2 members) 129 7 (Connolly, 149). 134. Middlemas , pp 18 , 62. Irish HistoricRoyal Irish Towns AcademyParliamentary borougAtlash ( 2 members ) 1359­164 8 (Burtchaell , 2, 31). 135. Birch , p. 3. Part of Carlow, Kilkenny and Wexford constituency ( 2 members) 1654­ 9 (Burtchaell , 43, 136. Barrow ; Dix, 1928a , p p 6­9, 40­41, 55­8; Dix, 1928b ; Neely, 1989 , pp 189­91 , 208­10, 238^*3 . 49). 137. Raymon d Gillespie, 'The book trade in southern Irelan d 1590­1640', in Gerard Long (ed.), Books beyond Parliamentary boroug h ( 2 members) 1661­180 0 (Burtchaell , 49, 197 ; NHI, ix , 47, 110) . the Pale: aspects of the provincial book trade in Ireland before 1850 (Dublin, 1996) , pp 4, 12 ; Ormonde Parliamentary boroug h (1 member) 1801­8 5 (NHI, ix , 58, 113) . MSS, vii , 513­27 . Parliamentary constituency , Kilkenn y city 1885­191 8 (NHI, ix , 58, 113) . 138. Dix , 1928a, p. 7; ML. Legg , 'The Kilkenny Circulating­Library Society an d the growth of reading room s in nineteenth­centur y Ireland' , in Bernadette Cunningham an d Maire Kennedy (eds) , The experience of reading: Irish historical perspectives (Dublin, 1999) , pp 109­23 . 4 Proprietorial status 139. Butler , p. 30. Irishtown: hel d b y bisho p o f Ossor y fro m c. 1111 ; 1628 ; probabl y forfeite d i n 165 0 140. Ton y Patterson , 'Illega l outdoo r relie f i n Kilkenn y workhouse' , i n Old Kilkenny Rev., no . 4 8 (1996) , (HMC rept 10, 262­3; Ainsworth, 77). pp 23­37; and 'Famin e feve r in Kilkenny', in Old Kilkenny Rev., no. 49 (1997), pp 74­88; Law, 1997. The Hightown: S. portion held by William Marsha l th e elde r b y c. 120 0 (Liber primus, 141. J.G.A . Butler, 'The attack o n Kilkenny Castle', in Butler Soc. Jn., i, no. 4 [1972­3], pp 259­74. 73). N. portion held by bishop of Ossory befor e c. 1207 ; N. united to S . portion in 142. T.A.M . Dooley , 'The declin e of the Ormond e estate , 1893­1950' , i n Old Kilkenny Rev., iv, no.5 (1993) , c. 120 7 (Berry , 124) . Inherite d b y Richar d d e Clare , ear l o f Glouceste r an d pp 1118­40 . Hertford, a s hei r of William Marshal the younger' s daughte r Isabel in 124 8 (NHI, ix, 174) . Partitione d amon g 3 heiresse s of Gilber t d e Clar e i n 1314 ; seize d b y crown in 1367 ; 1 portion purchased by James Butler, 3rd earl of Ormond, in 139 1 (Empey, 1970­71 , 179­80) . Butler s lord s o f th e Hightow n by 153 7 (Hor e an d Graves, 109) . Declare d forfei t b y Cromwellia n administratio n i n 165 0 (Prendergast, 342­3). Kilkenny (Irishtow n and th e Hightown) : James Butler , 1s t duk e o f Ormonde , grante d most of housing stoc k in c. 166 2 (Carte, ii , 309) . Grant disputed by corporation but settled in duke's favour in 1676; corporation an d private individuals acquired mos t of 2n d duke's interest i n 170 7 (Neely , 1990 , 120­21) . 5 Municipal boundary Parliamentary borough , enclosin g 16,40 0 stat . acres , 183 1 (Pari, boundary repts, 81) , 1837 (Mun. boundary repts, 101) . Municipal borough, enclosing 92 1 stat. acres, 183 7 (Mun. boundary repts, 101) ; mappe d in 1842 , 187 1 (OS). 6 Administrative location County: Kilkenny c. 1207 ; converted t o liberty of Kilkenny 1247 ; Co. Kilkenny c. 140 2 to present (Empey, 1990 , 82, 86). Irishtown: cross­land o f Ossory 1207 ; county of cross of Kilkenny c. 1330 ; united wit h county an d liberty of Kilkenny in 135 2 (Empey, 1990 , 86­7). Barony: cantre d o f Kilkenn y 137 5 (Empey , 1971 , 129) ; Kilkenn y Libertie s c. 165 4 (Healy, appendix , 75) , c. 165 5 (DS) ; count y o f cit y o f Kilkenn y 183 7 (Mun. St Canice's Cathedral, 183 9 (Wakeman ) boundary repts, 101) ; county of city of Kilkenny amalgamate d wit h Co . Kilkenny in 189 8 (6 1 & 62 Vict., c . 37). Civil parishes: S t Canice's, S t John's, St Mary's, St Maul's, St Patrick's 184 2 (OS), 1851 Bishop's Hil l Bishop's Hill 169 5 (CB 7.2.1695), 175 8 (Rocque), 1841 (OS). {Census). Bishop Stree t Bishop Stree t 180 5 (LJ 2.3.1805). Probably same as previous Townlands: Ayresfields , Bishop s Demesne , Bishopsmeadows , Cashel , Collegepark , entry. Crokershill, Deansground , Dukesmeadows , Friarsinch , Gardens , Glendine , Black Abbey Stree t See Abbey Street [north] , Abbey Street [south] . Highhays, Jamesgreen , Jamespark , Kilcreen , Lacken , Leggetsrat h West , Lyons , Black Freren Stree t See Abbe y Street [east] . Maidenhill, Marnellsmeadow , Newpar k Lower , Pennefatherslot , Roachpond , Black Mill Stree t Black Mill Stree t 184 1 (OS), 2000 (nameplate). Robertshill, Sugarloaf Hill, Talbotsinch , Walkinslough 184 2 (OS). Blind Bohree n or Blind Bohreen 1841 , 1871 (OS). Blind Boreen 188 4 (Egan, Poor law union: Kilkenny, formed in 1839 (HC 184 3 (275), xlvi, 45). Blind Boreen 112), 1900­4 6 (OS). Built over in c. 195 5 (local information) . Poor law electoral division: Kilkenny, formed in 1839 (HC 1843 (491), xxi, 286) . Blue Bell Lan e See Poyntz' s Lane. District electoral division: Kilkenny No. 1 Urban, Kilkenny No. 2 Urban, formed in 1898 Bolton's Lane See Willia m Street . (HC 189 9 [C.948], xxxix, 154­5) . Bonnetstown Road Bonnetstown Road 190 0 (OS). Bosheen, Th e See Fr Hayden's Road . 7 Administrative divisions Bowce's, Boyces or The Hightown, near R. Nore, site unknown. Boyses Lane 158 1 Irishtown: in existence by c. 111 1 (see 4 Proprietorial status); 1403^ 1 {Liber primus, 44) ; Boyses Lan e (Watters, 1881 , no. 103) . Bowce' s Lan e c. 163 3 (Ledwich , made part of free borough of Kilkenny in 1608 (se e 2 Legal status). 410). Boyce s Lane c. 166 0 (Marescaux, 549). The Hightown : charte r grante d b y Willia m Marsha l th e elde r i n 1207 ; 1403­ 4 {Liber Brewery Lan e (05206180). Lan e t o Jenkin' s Mil l 170 1 (C B 27.5.1701) . primus, 44 , 71­4), 1587 (Holinshed, 58). Jenkin's Lan e 180 1 (FU 4.11.1801) , 185 0 (Val. 1) . Unnamed Flemingstown: 133 9 {Ormond deeds, 1172-1350, 306) , 142 0 {Ormond deeds, 1841 (OS) . Jenkin's Lan e or The Ring 185 8 (Val . 2) . Jenkin's 1413-1509, 26) ; deserted by c. 162 0 (Carrigan, iii, 4­5). Lane 187 1 (OS). Brewery Lane 188 2 (£74.3.1882). Unnamed St John's: township with provost 1403­ 4 {Liber primus, 44) . 1900­83 (OS) . Brewery Lane 200 0 (loca l information) . Se e Donaghmore: c. 124 5 (Berry, 119­20) . also The Ring. Wards: East , S t Mary's , S t Canice's , 183 7 {Mun. boundary repts, 101) . S t Mary' s Broguemaker's Hil l Broguemaker's Hil l 184 0 (KJ 18.7.1840) , 1841 (OS). incorporated into S t Canice's; Eas t renamed S t John's by 184 2 (OS). St Mary's, St Brophy's Lane (02955800). Brophy' s Lan e 185 0 (Val . 1), c. 187 5 (Val . 2). Canice's, S t John's 184 4 (nameplates) . Unnamed 1841­1983 ; closed by 199 9 (OS). Bull Alley , Bull Alle y See S t Canice's Place . 8 Population Lane or Bull Lan e See Butt's Green. 1660 1311 1 1871 12,710 1951 10,5725 ButtenniTk Lane Location unknown , perhaps sam e a s nex t entry . Buttermil k 1702 c. 5000 2 1881 12,299 1956 12,3285 Lane 184 0 (KJ 18.7.1840) . 1731 7740 3 1891 11,048 1961 12,0815 Butter Sli p The Slip 175 8 (Rocque). Butter Slip 182 4 {Pigot), 184 1 (OS), 1801 14,975 4 1901 10,609 1966 12,3515 c. 187 5 (Val. 2) , 1884 (Egan, 112). Unnamed 1871­1999 (OS). 1821 23,230 1911 10,514 1971 13,3065 Butter Slip 2000 (nameplate). 1831 23,741 1926 10,046 1979 16,5135 Butt's Cross [junction ] Junction Churc h Lane , Grang e Road , Lor d Edwar d Street , 1841 19,071 1936 10,237 1986 17,5375 Thomas Street . Unname d 184 1 (OS). Butt's Cros s 186 0 (KJ 1851 19,975 1941 10,861 1991 17,6695 13.6.1860), 2000 (local information) . 1861 14,174 1946 10,291 1996 18,6965 Butt's Green or Butts Bull Rin g 175 8 (Rocque) . Butt s 182 4 (Pigot). Butt' s Gree n 1830 (KCM 5.7.1830) , 184 1 (OS). 1 Probabl y adults only (Census, 1659, 431­2). Butts, The (01106300). Th e Butt s 178 6 (FU 14.6.1786) , 183 7 (KJ 2 Neely , 1989, 114 ; Dickson, 334 (estimate). 4.2.1837). Unnamed 184 1 (OS). 3 Tighe , 458, including environs. Butt's or Butts (01106220). Unnamed 1841­198 3 (OS) . Butt's Haggard 185 0 4 Tighe , 462. Haggard (Val. 1) , c. 187 5 (Val . 2). Butts Haggar d 188 4 (Egan , 113) . 5 Includin g environs. Demolished in c. 198 5 (local information) . Callan or Callen Road See Ol d Callan Road. (Source: Census, excep t where otherwise stated. ) Campion's Lane Campion's Lane 184 1 (OS), c. 185 5 (Val . 1) . Closed by 187 1 (OS). 9 Housing Canal, The (09105725). The Cana l 185 0 (Val . 2) , c. 186 5 (Val . 3), 188 4 NUMBER OF HOUSES (Egan, 112) . Part of Canal Walk 1871 , 1900 (OS). Inhabited Uninhabited Building Total Canal Square John's Qua y 178 8 (FU 23.4.1788) , 182 4 {Pigot). Unname d 1821 3840 470 13 4323 1841­1946; par t o f Cana l Squar e 1983 , 199 9 (OS) , 200 0 1831 3759 273 84 4116 (nameplate). 1841 3057 285 15 3357 Canal Walk Mill Stree t 162 8 (Ledwich, 401), 1654 (CS). Canal Walk 183 4 1851 2584 401 3 2988 (£7 22.2.1834) , 187 1 (OS). 1861 2337 149 5 2491 Canice's Wel l Stree t See Kenny' s Well Road. 1871 2290 113 1 2404 Carrion Row or See Market Slip. 1881 2130 167 4 2301 Carrion Row Slip 1891 2023 208 6 2237 Carr's Lan e (09656140). Percival's Lane 183 2 (KCM 9.8.1832) . Unnamed 1901 1941 156 20 2117 1841, 190 0 (OS). Carr's Lan e 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1871 (OS), 187 5 1911 1948 162 25 2135 {KJ 21.8.1875) , 194 6 (OS) . Carr's Lan e 197 4 (Buggy , 47). Unnamed 1983 , 199 9 (OS). 1 st­class 2nd­class 3rd­class 4th­class Unoccupie d Tota l Cashel Roa d See Kell s Road. 1841 248 940 1179 690 30 0 335 7 Castle Road Laid ou t in 176 9 (Watters, 1872a , 57) . Dark Walk 1841 ; The 1851 252 997 1258 77 40 4 298 8 Parade 1871­1900; Castle Road 194 6 (OS). 1861 321 1030 960 26 15 4 249 1 Castle Stree t See Th e Parade [west]. Castlecomer New Laid ou t in 181 7 (Watters, 1872a , 58). New Road 1841 , 1871 Classes as defined in Census: Road (OS). Castlecome r New Road 188 4 (Hogan, 1884, 112) , 1900 4th: predominantl y mud cabins wit h 1 room and window only . (OS). 3rd: better , with 2­4 rooms and windows. Castlecomer Roa d Unnamed 1841 ; Castlecomer Roa d 187 1 (OS). 2nd: good , with 5­9 room s and windows. Chapel Avenue or Unnamed 184 1 (OS). Chapel Lane 185 0 (Val. 1) , c. 185 5 (Val . 1 st: al l houses of a better description than classes 2-A, Lane 2), 188 4 (Egan , 112) . Unnamed 1871­1946 ; Chape l Avenu e 1983 (OS) , 2000 (nameplate) . Fo r anothe r Chape l Lane , se e (Source: Census.) next entry. Irish Historic TownsChapel Lan e AtlasShortsel' s Lan e 175 8 (Rocque) . Chape l Lan e 178 9 (FU 10 Streets Royal Irish Academy18.2.1789) , 182 4 {Pigot), 184 1 (OS) , 2000 (nameplate) . Fo r Abbey Stree t [east ] Black Freren Stree t c. 163 3 (Ledwich, 409). Ley's Lane 170 6 another Chape l Lane, se e previou s entry. (CB 4.5.1706) . Lee's Lane 179 4 (FU 11.1.1794) , 1841, 1871 Chapel View Place Off Kenny' s Wel l Street , sit e unknown . Chapel Vie w Plac e (OS), 188 4 (Egan , 113) . Abbe y Stree t 190 0 (OS) , 200 0 1880 (KJ 16.10.1880) . (nameplate). Chapel Yard Lane (12405940). Lan e 162 1 (KC A CR/I/49) , 185 0 (Val . 1) . Abbey Stree t [north ] Friars Stree t 1841 ; Black Abbe y Stree t 1871 ; Abbey Stree t Murphy's Lan e c. 187 5 (Val . 2) , 188 4 (Egan, 113) . Unnamed 1900 (OS), 2000 (nameplate). 1841­1946 (OS) . Chapel Yar d Lane 196 9 (Wray , 14) ; closed Abbey Stree t [south] Abbey Stree t 183 7 {KM 17.6.1837) , 184 1 (£ 7 20.3.1841) . by 198 3 (OS). Black Abbe y Stree t 1841 , 1871 ; Abbey Stree t 190 0 (OS) , Church Lane [north ] Church Lane 182 4 (Pigot), 184 1 (OS). 2000 (nameplate). Church Lane [south] Unnamed 1841 , 1871 (OS). The Colonnade 185 0 (Val . 1) , c. Abbey View Terrac e See Michae l Stree t [south] . 1875 (Val . 2) , 1884 (Hogan, 1884, 336); named after covere d Albert Place (03156070). Alber t Plac e 184 1 (£ 7 20.3.1841) . Unname d passage erecte d i n 175 8 (se e 11 Religion : S t Canice' s 1841­1900; closed by 194 6 (OS). Cathedral). Church Lane 190 0 (OS). See als o Palace Row. Archer or Archers See Bennettsbridg e Road. Church Stree t 'In th e low­lyin g districts' , location unknown. Church Stree t Street 1883 (£7 21.2.1883). Asylum Lan e See Nuncio Road. Church Yard Lane (07755410). Unname d 1841­194 6 (OS) . Church Yar d Lan e Back Lane Barrack Lan e 1841 ; unnamed 1871­1946 ; Bac k Lan e 199 9 1850 (Val. 1) , c. 185 5 (Val . 2) . Closed by 198 3 (OS). (OS). Churchyard Lane See F r Hayden's Road . Back Lane See S t Kieran's Stree t Coach Road Opened in 168 9 (Graves an d Prim, 53). The New Road 175 8 Ballybought Street o r Ballybught 184 1 (OS). Ballybought Street 185 0 (Val. 1) , 1871 (Rocque). Coach Road 184 1 (OS). Ballybught (OS). Als o known a s Old Golf Links Road 199 0 (Doyle, 119). Coal or Cole Market See Parliamen t Street . Barrack Lane Sec Bticl c Lime Coffee Hous e Lan e Coffee Hous e Lan e 184 1 (OS) , c. 187 5 (Val . 2). Unname d Barrack Lane Barrack Lane 172 4 (KCM 30.10.1724) , 181 5 {KM 7.2.1815), 1871; close d by 190 0 (OS). 1841 (OS) . Evan's Lan e 196 2 (Finn and Murphy, 29). Barrack College Road New Roa d 1841­1900 ; College Road 194 6 (OS). Lane 198 3 (OS). Collier's Lane Collier's Lane 175 8 (Rocque), 1841 (OS). Named after Collier Barrack Stree t Barrack Street 182 4 (Pigot), 184 1 (OS). family, resident s fro m 169 5 (Phelan, 1968 , 6). Bateman's Qua y Horse Lea p 184 1 (OS), 185 0 (Val . 1). Horse Sli p 184 5 (KJ Colonnade, The See Church Lane [south] . 7.5.1845), 185 8 (Val . 2), 190 0 (KM 13.6.1900) . Unname d Colten's Lan e Location unknown. Cohen's Lane 186 2 {KM 10.12.1862). 1871­1946; John's Bridge 199 9 (OS). Bateman's Qua y 200 0 Comerford's Lan e Near Joh n Stree t Upper , sit e unknown . Comerford' s Lan e (nameplate). 1832 (KCM 9.8.1832) . Beggar's Lan e See Tilbur y Lane. Common Hall Lan e Common Hall Lane 184 1 (OS). Benethstrete See S t Kieran's Street . Cootes Lan e Walter's Lan e 184 6 (£ 7 25.7.1846). Waters ' Lan e 1850 , c . Bennettsbridge Road Le Flemyn g Street 147 3 (Liber primus, 100) . Archers Street , 1855 (Val . 1). Water Lan e 188 4 (Egan , 113) . Coote s Lan e Flemings Bothe r 165 4 (CS). Arche r Stree t 183 9 {KJ 1841­1946 (OS) . Quarr y Lan e c. 195 0 (loca l information) . 19.6.1839). Roa d t o Thomastow n 184 1 (OS) . Archer Stree t Cootes Lane 198 3 (OS). 1850 (Val . 1.) . Archer s Stree t 1871­1946 ; Bennettsbridg e Corgan's Lan e Corgan's Lan e 1841 , 1871; unnamed 1900­9 9 (OS). Road 198 3 (OS) . Se e als o 7 Administrativ e divisions: County Prison Lane Near Count y an d Cit y Gao l (se e 13 Administration) , sit e Flemingstown. unknown, perhap s sam e a s Gao l Road. Count y Priso n Lan e Birchfield Roa d See Kell s Road. 1846 (£7 25.7.1846). Crickett Cross Location unknown , perhaps sam e a s Crokker' s Cros s (q.v.). or Jacob' s Lane/ Lane 187 4 (KJ 23.5.1874), mid 20th cent, (local information) . Crickett Cross 177 1 (KCM 9.9.1771) . Sraid Jacob Jacob Stree t 190 0 (OS) . Srai d Jacob/Jaco b Stree t 200 0 Crokerystret See Ros e Inn Street. (nameplate). Crokker's Cross (06955720). Junction High Street , Th e Parade, Patrick Street , James or James's St James's Street c. 141 0 (Liber primus, 88) . James Street c. Rose Inn Street . Crokker' s Cros s 1487 , 150 8 (Liber primus, Street 1655 (DS). St James's Stree t 172 4 (KCM 26.12.1724) , 175 8 104, 106) , c. 166 0 (Marescaux, 547). See als o Crickett Cross. (Rocque). Jame s Stree t 182 4 (Pigot). James' s Stree t 184 1 Cross Lane (05105970). Cross Lane 175 8 (Rocque). Closed by 1841 (OS). (OS), 200 0 (nameplate) . Cross Lane (05005860). Unname d 184 1 (OS). Cross Lane 185 0 (Val . 1) , James's Green St James' s Gree n 171 2 (C B 14.3.1712) , 175 8 (Rocque) . c. 187 5 (Val . 2) . Unnamed 190 0 (OS). James's Green 178 6 (FU 22.7.1786) . St James' Gree n 182 4 Dark Walk See Castl e Road . (Pigot), 183 1 (KJ 28.9.1831). James's Green 184 1 (OS), 2000 Davis' o r Davis's (01456205). Davis ' Lan e 185 0 (Val . 1), Davis's Lan e 188 8 (nameplate). Lane (KJ 11.7.1888) . Unnamed 1841­198 3 (OS) . Built ove r i n c. James's Sconce or See Tilbur y Place . 1985 (local information) . James's Stree t De Loughr y Place Hospital Lane 184 1 (OS), 1850 (Val. 1) . Unnamed 1871­194 6 Sconce (OS), 187 3 (Val . 2). Par t o f D e Loughr y Place 198 3 (OS) , Jenkin's Lan e See Brewer y Lane, The Ring. 2000 (nameplate) . Jesuit's Lane (04806040). Jesuit' s Lan e 185 6 (KM 6.2.1856) . Unname d Dean Stree t [east ] Dean Stree t 165 4 (CS) , 175 8 (Rocque) . Lowe r Dean Stree t 1841­1999 (OS) . Jesuit' s Lan e 197 6 (D e Loughrey , 1976 , 1841; Dea n Street 187 1 (OS), 2000 (nameplate). 179). Dean Street [north ] Dean Stree t 165 4 (CS), 175 8 (Rocque) . Uppe r Dea n Stree t John Stree t See Joh n Stree t Lower, John Stree t Upper . 1841; Dea n Stree t 187 1 (OS), 2000 (nameplate). John Stree t Lower St John' s Stree t 132 8 (Ormond deeds, 1172- 1350, 258) , Dean Stree t [west] Dean Stree t 165 4 (CS), 184 1 (OS), 2000 (nameplate) . 1406, 150 2 (Liber primus, 89 , 124) , 169 2 (C B 16.8.1692) , Dean's Lane Location unknown. Dean's Lane 188 4 (Egan, 112). 1758 (Rocque). John Street 182 4 (Pigot). Lowe r John's Stree t Dominic Stree t Orphan Hous e Lan e 1841 ; unname d 1871­1900 ; Domini c 1841; Joh n Stree t Lower 1871 (OS). Street 194 6 (OS). See als o Mauty Lane. John Stree t Upper St John' s Stree t 132 8 (Ormond deeds, 1172- 1350, 258) , Donnelly's Lane Near Parliamen t Street , sit e unknown. Donnelly's Lane 178 8 1406, 150 2 (Liber primus, 89 , 124) , 169 2 (C B 16.8.1692) , (FU 7.6.1788) . 1758 (Rocque). John Stree t 182 4 (Pigot). Uppe r John's Stree t Doran's Lan e Doran's Lane 184 1 (OS), 1850 (Val. 1) . Closed by 187 1 (OS). 1832 (KJ 14.1.1832) , 1841; John Stree t Upper 187 1 (OS). Drisdals, Drysdale' s Probably 17t h cent., named afte r James Drysdall (Lanigan and John's Bridge See Bateman' s Quay . or Drysdal s Lane Tyler, 91). Unnamed 175 8 (Rocque). Drisdals Lane 180 5 (U John's Green John's Gree n o r Gallow' s Gree n 176 1 (KC M 16.5.1761). 27.2.1805). Drysdals Lane 184 1 (OS). Drysdale's Lane 185 0 John's Green 178 6 (FLJ 23.9.1786). Gallow's Green or John's (Val. 1) . Closed by 187 1 (OS). Green 1841 ; John's Green 187 1 (OS), 2000 (nameplate). Se e Dublin Roa d Opened in 181 8 (Walters, 1872a , 58). Dublin Roa d 183 7 (KJ also Gallow's Green. 21.1.1837), 184 1 (OS). John's Quay Opened i n 176 4 (Neely , 1989 , 193) . John's Qua y 178 8 (FU Empson's Lan e (08356150). Unnamed 1841 ; Empson's Lan e 187 1 (OS), 1884 23.4.1788), 182 4 (Pigot), 184 1 (OS). Extended northwards in (Egan, 112) . Unnamed 1900 ; closed by 194 6 (OS). 1851 (KM 26.2.1851) . Mayor's Wal k 187 1 (OS) , 188 0 (KJ Evan's Lan e See Barrac k Lane. 19.6.1880). John's Quay 190 0 (OS). Evan's o r Evans's Upper Evans's Lane 175 8 (Rocque). Evans's Lane 1841, 1871 ; John's Quay See Cana l Square. Lane Evan's Lan e 190 0 (OS) , 2000 (nameplate) . Se e als o Tilbur y Kells Road Kells Road 178 6 (FU 18.2.1786) . Birchfield Roa d 181 0 (U Place. 11.8.1810). Kell s Roa d 1841 , 187 1 (OS) . Cashe l o r Kell s Fr Hayden' s Roa d 'Blind boother leading to Archerstowne' 165 4 (CS). Unnamed Road 188 4 (Egan , 112) . Kell s Roa d 190 0 (OS) , 200 0 1758 (Rocque) . Churchyar d Lane 184 1 (OS) , 185 0 (Val . 1). (nameplate). Unnamed 1871 ; Rope Wal k 190 0 (OS). The Bosheen c. 194 0 Kelly's Lan e See Nor e Terrace. (local information) . Hayden' s Roa d 1946 ; Fr Hayden's Roa d Kelly's Lan e Kelly's Lane 1841 , 1871; unnamed 1900^6 ; close d by 198 3 1999 (OS), 2000 (nameplate) . (OS). Flemings Bother See Bennettsbridg e Road . Kenny's Lane Location unknown , perhap s sam e a s Kenny' s Wel l Road . Flood Stree t See Parnel l Street . 1885 (KJ 21.2.1885). Freshford Roa d Opened i n 182 9 (Walters , 1872a , 58) . Unname d 1842 ; Kenny's Steps See S t Canice's Steps . Freshford Roa d 187 1 (OS). Kenny's Well Roa d Kenny's Wel l Stree t 184 1 (OS) . Canice' s Wel l Stree t 185 1 Friars Stree t See Abbe y Street [north] . or Stree t (KM 24.5.1851) , 185 6 (KJ 13.2.1856) . Kenny' s Wel l Stree t Friary Street/Srai d 'High wa y leadin g t o Walkelin s Barre ' (se e 12 Defence : 1871­1946; Kenny' s Wel l Roa d 199 9 (OS) , 200 0 na mBratar Walkin's Gate) 1305 ; Waukynnes Stree t 138 2 (Watters, 1873 , (nameplate). 532). L e Walkynstre t 147 3 (Liber primus, 100) . Walkin g Kickham Stree t Stephen Stree t 184 0 (KJ 18.7.1840) , 1841 ; Stephen's Stree t Street c. 165 5 (DS) . Walke r Stree t 168 7 (Leslie , 86) . 1871­1900; Kickham Stree t 194 6 (OS). Walkinstreet 170 3 (C B 22.10.1703) . Walkin' s Stree t 172 4 King's Lan e (06365945). King' s Lane 185 0 (Val . 1), 188 4 (Egan , 113) . (KCM 7.11.1724) . Watkin' s Stree t 175 8 (Rocque) . Walki n Unnamed 1841­1900 ; closed by 194 6 (OS). Street 178 7 (FLJ 21.2.1787) . Walkin' s Stree t Lowe r King Stree t (04706330). Kin g Stree t c . 168 5 (Ledwich , 487) . Closed by 1841­1900; Friary Stree t 194 6 (OS). Sraid na mBratar/Friary 1758 (Rocque). Street 200 0 (nameplate) . King Stree t See S t Kieran's Street . Frogs Lan e Location unknown. Frogs Lane 184 6 (KJ 25.7.1846). Lake, The See Michae l Stree t [north] . Gallow's Gree n Tomyn's Hill 162 8 (Hogan, 1884, 211). St John's Green 170 7 Le Flemyn g Street See Bennettsbridg e Road . or Hil l o r (CB 5.4.1707) . Gallow s Green 172 6 (KC M 4.7.1726) , 178 7 Le Walkynstre t See Friar y Street . Gallows Gree n (FU 14.4.1787) . Gallow' s Hil l 175 8 (Rocque) . Gallow' s Lee's or Ley's Lane See Abbe y Street [east] . Green or John's Green 176 1 (KCM 16.5.1761) , 1841 (OS). St Lord Edward Stree t Goose Hill 169 5 (CB 7.2.1695), 175 8 (Rocque), 1824 (Pigot), John's Plac e 185 6 (KM 6.2.1856) , 186 6 (KJ 17.1.1866) . 1841­1900 (OS) . Gees e Hil l 185 0 (Val . 1) , 186 7 (KJ Gallow's Hil l 1858­6 4 (Val . 2). Ormonde Plac e 186 8 (KM 4.5.1867). Lord Edward Street 194 6 (OS). 29.2.1868). Gallows Green c. 187 5 (Val . 2) , 1871­1946; built Love Lane 0.25 km N.W. of city. Love Lane 175 8 (Rocque) . Unnamed over by 198 3 (OS). See als o John's Green. 1841, 1871 ; closed by 190 0 (OS). Gaol Road Gaol Road 184 1 (OS). Low Lan e See S t Kieran's Street . Gard or Guard Lane Gard Lan e 175 8 (Rocque) . Guar d Lan e 181 1 (U 3.8.1811) , Lower Dean Stree t See Dea n Stree t [east] . 1841 (OS) , 2000 (nameplate) . Lower John's Stree t See Joh n Stree t Lower. Garden Row Garden Row 183 6 (KM 20.4.1836), 184 1 (OS). Lower New Stree t New Stree t 175 8 (Rocque). Lower New Street 184 1 (OS). Geese or Goose Hil l See Lor d Edward Street . Lower Patrick Stree t See Patric k Street . Gooseberry Lan e (07905290). UnnameIrishd 184 1 (OS) HistoricRoyal. Gooseberr y Lan e earl Irishy Towns MagdalenAcademy, Magdalen's Atlas, Le Mawdleynstre t 1509 (Ormond deeds, 1413-1509, 338­9) . 20th cent.; closed in 1960 (local information) . Maudlin o r Magdalen's Stree t 175 8 (Rocque) . Maudlin Stree t 169 3 (CB Gouty Lan e Gouty Lane 1841 ; unname d 1871­1900 ; closed by 194 6 (OS). Maudlins Street / 21.11.1693), 179 2 (FU 14.7.1792) , 182 4 (Pigot). Maudlin s Grange o r Granger' s Grange Roa d 1841­199 9 (OS) . Granger' s Roa d 187 8 (KJ Sraid Magdelen Street 1841 ; Maudli n Stree t 187 1 (OS) . Magdale n Stree t Road 9.2.1878), 2000 (local information) . 1846, 185 6 (Slater). Srai d Magdelen/Maudli n Street 200 0 Gravel Wal k See Mayor's Walk. (nameplate). Green or Greene Greene Stree t 161 5 (Healy , 386). Gree n Stree t 175 5 (KCM Magrath's or (10006170). Unname d 1841­199 9 (OS) . Magrath' s Lan e Street 30.10.1755), 175 8 (Rocque), 184 1 (OS), 2000 (nameplate). 1850 Green's Hil l Road t o Castlecome r 175 8 (Rocque) . Green' s Hil l 183 0 McGrath's Lane (Val. 1) , 187 3 (Val . 2). McGrath's Lan e 188 4 (Egan , 113) . (KCM 6.8.1830) , 184 1 (OS). Market Roa d Near butte r market , S t Kieran' s S t E . (se e 16 Trade s an d Greensbridge Stree t Greensbridge Stree t 184 1 (OS). services), sit e unknown. 1862 (KJ 28.5.1862). Graiefreryn Lan e See Hors e Barrack Lane. Market Sli p (05655990). Carrion Row 184 1 (OS), 186 6 (KM 14.7.1866) . or Stree t Unnamed 1871­199 9 (OS) . Carrio n Ro w Sli p 189 5 (KJ Hart's Lan e Location unknown. 1853 (KM 20.8.1853). 23.3.1895). Market Slip 2000 (nameplate). Hayden's Roa d See F r Hayden's Road . Mary's Lan e See S t Mary's Lane. Heborn or Hebron Hebron Road 183 1 (KJ 17.9.1831) . Heborn Road 1841­1983 ; Mauty, Mooty o r Motty (01406050). Part of Orphan House Lane 184 1 (OS). Mooty Road Hebron Road 199 9 (OS). Lane Lane 185 0 (Val . 1) . Mauty Lan e 1889 ; Motty Lan e 189 5 (KJ High Stree t High stree t 150 8 (Liber primus. 25) . Tholsel l Stree t 173 0 23.2.1889, 23.3.1895). c. 197 0 (local information) . (KCM 23.3.1730) . High Stree t c. 165 5 (DS), 1758 (Rocque), Mayor's Wal k See John' s Quay. 1841 (OS) . Widene d opposit e James' s Stree t i n 186 6 (KJ Mayor's Wal k Parade Wal k 183 8 (KJ 29.12.1838) . Grave l Wal k 1841 ; 6.6.1866). Hig h Stree t 200 0 (nameplate) . Se e als o Roa d t o unnamed 187 1 (OS). Gravel or Mayor's Walk 197 7 (Lanigan Stock's Well . and Tyler, 49). Mayor's Walk 2000 (local information) . Horse Barrack Lane 'Road leadin g t o monaster y o f th e Friar s Minor ' (se e 11 Meeting Hous e Lan e Off S t Kieran' s Street , sit e unknown . Meeting House Lan e Reli gion: S t Francis ' Abbey ) 149 8 (Liber primus, 103) . 1853 (KM 20.8.1853). Graiefreryn Stree t o r Lan e 161 5 (Healy , 389) . Lan e t o th e Michael Stree t o r The Lake 1841, 1871 (OS), 1884 (Egan, 113). Michael's Lane horse barrack s 171 5 (C B 17.9.1715) . Hors e Barrac k Lan e Michael's Lane or 1900; Michael' s Stree t 194 6 (OS) . S t Malla' s Terrace 197 7 1786 (FU 22.7.1786) , 1835 ; S t Franci s Stree t 1830 ; S t Street [north ] (Lanigan an d Tyler , 99) . Michael Stree t 198 3 (OS) . See als o Francis Abbe y Stree t 184 0 (KJ 29.4.1835 , 4.12.1830 , Road to Loughmerans. 17.6.1840). Horse Barrack Lane 184 1 (OS). Michael Stree t o r Michael's Lane 175 8 (Rocque), 1841­1900; Michael's Stree t Horse Leap or Slip See Bateman' s Quay . Michael's Lane 1946 (OS) . Abbe y Vie w Terrac e 197 7 (Laniga n an d Tyler , Hospital Lane See D e Loughry Place. 99). Hospital Road or See Wolf e Ton e Street . or Stree t [south] Michael Stree t 198 3 (OS). See als o Road to Loughmerans. Row Middle Stree t Location unknown . Middl e Stree t 130 7 (Cal. doc. Ire., House Lan e Location unknown. House Lan e 185 0 (Val . 1) . 1302-7, 653) , 148 4 (Liber primus, 85) . Irishtown o r Watergate Stree t 175 8 (Rocque) , 188 2 (KJ 9.8.1882) . Mill Lan e Mill Lan e 183 9 (KJ 9.1.1839) , 1841­1946 ; close d b y 198 3 Irishtown (OS). Irish Tow n 1824 (Pigot), 1841 ; Irish Tow n 1871­1983 ; Irishtow n 199 9 Mill Lan e (04806510). Unnamed 184 1 (OS). Mill Lan e 1858 , 1878 (Val . (OS), 200 0 (nameplate) . 2). Unname d 1871­1946 ; closed by 198 3 (OS). Jacob Stree t Jacob Stree t 181 1 (U 28.8.1811) , 1841 , 187 1 (OS). Jacob's Mill Roa d Mill Roa d 1841 ; closed by 187 1 (OS). Mill Stree t See Cana l Walk. 25.7.1804), 182 4 (Pigot), 1841­1900 ; S t Kieran's Street 194 6 Murphy's Lan e See Chape l Yard Lane. (OS). Srai d Chiarain/St Kieran's Street 200 0 (nameplate) . Music Stree t Location unknown. Music Street 184 6 (Slater). St Malla's Terrace See Michae l Stree t [north] . New Barrac k Stree t Location unknown , perhap s sam e a s Barrac k Street . Ne w St Mary's Lane Mary's Lane c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 512). St Mary's Lane 183 1 Barrack Street 185 6 (Slater). (KJ 16.3.1831) . Mary' s Lan e 188 4 (Egan , 113) . S t Mary' s New Buildings , New Ro w 175 8 (Rocque) . Ne w Building s 178 6 (FU Lane 184 1 (OS), 2000 (nameplate). New Building s Lane 20.5.1786). Ne w Building s Lan e 184 1 (OS) . Newbuildin g St Patrick's Plac e Location unknown , perhaps sam e a s nex t entry . S t Patrick' s or Newbuildin g Place 185 9 (KJ 2.11.1859) . New Buildings Lan e 187 1 (OS), Place 184 7 (KJ 7.4.1847). Place 2000 (nameplate) . St Patrick's Sconc e Location unknown. St Patrick's Sconc e 170 4 (CB 30.5.1704). New Gao l Stree t See S t Rioch's Street, Stephen' s Street [south] . See als o previous entry. New Ke y or Quay New Ke y 161 5 (Healy , 389). New Qua y c. 163 3 (Ledwich , St Patrick's Stree t See Patric k Street . 410), 174 4 (KCM 30.10.1744) . The New Quay 175 8 (Rocque). St Rioch's Street or S. par t of New Gaol Street 1841­190 0 (OS) . St Rock's Lan e New Qua y 179 6 (FU 23.4.1796) , 1841; closed by 187 1 (OS). St Rock's Lane/ 1846 (KJ 25.7.1846) . S t Rioch' s Stree t 194 6 (OS) , Srai d New Mil l Roa d Location unknown. 1893 (KJ 25.11.1893). Sraid Naomh Rioc Naomh Rioc/St Rioch's Street 200 0 (nameplate) . New Roa d New Roa d 184 1 (OS). For other New Roads, se e Castlecome r Sconce Lan e (05105675). The Sconce 178 8 (KCM 30.6.1788) . Sconce Lan e New Road , Coach Road, College Road, Ormonde Road. 1840 (KJ 17.10.1840) . Unname d 1871­199 9 (OS) . Par t o f New Ro w See Ne w Buildings Lane. Pennyfeather Lan e (q.v.) 200 0 (local information) . New Stree t See Lower New Street an d Upper New Street . Scot's o r Scots ' Scots' Lan e 1841 ; Scot's Lan e 1871 , 1900 ; close d b y 194 6 Nore Terrac e Kelly's Lan e 1841­1946 ; unname d 198 3 (OS) . Nore Terrac e Lane (OS). 2000 (local information) . Seminary Lane Seminary Lan e 1841 ; Shortal's Lan e 187 1 (OS) , 188 4 (KJ North Quarte r See Parliamen t Street . 22.3.1884). Seminary Lane 188 4 (Egan, 113) . Unnamed 1900 ; Nuncio Road Switzer's Lan e 184 5 (KJ 7.5.1845) , name d afte r Switzer' s Seminary Lan e 1946 ; close d b y 198 3 (OS) . Also know n a s Asylum (se e 22 Residence: S t James' Asylum). Asylum Lan e Whitewash Lane 20th cent. (Doyle, 95). 1841­1946; Nuncio Road 198 3 (OS), 2000 (nameplate). Shank Yar d Shank Yar d 1841 , 1871; unnamed 1900 ; closed by 194 6 (OS). Nursery Lane (02505380). Unname d 1841­194 6 (OS) . Nursery Lan e 185 0 Shearman's Lane John S t Upper E., site unknown. Shearman's Lane 185 0 (Val. (Val. 1) , 1858 (Val. 2) , 1884 (Egan, 113). Closed by 198 3 (OS). 1). Old Calla n Road Callan Roa d 179 4 (FU 6.9.1794) . Calle n Road 1841 , 1871; Shortal's Lan e See Seminar y Lane. Callan Road 1900^6; Old Callan Road 1983­ 4 (OS). Shortsel's Lan e See Chape l Lane. O'Loughlin Roa d Williams' Lan e 1841 ; William's Lan e 1871^16 ; O'Loughli n Slip, The See Butter Slip. Road 198 3 (OS). Stephen o r Stephen's See Kickha m Street . Orchard Lane (03855650). Unname d 1841 , 187 1 (OS) . Orchard Lane 185 0 Street (Val. 1) , 1873 (Val. 2) , 1884 (Egan, 113). Closed by 190 0 (OS). Stephen's Stree t Road fro m Calla n 175 8 (Rocque) . Unname d 1841­1900 ; Ormonde Plac e See Gallow's Green. [north] Stephen's Street 194 6 (OS). Ormonde Road/Sraid Construction begun in 1816 (Watters, 1872a , 58). New Road Stephen's Stree t Part o f Ne w Gao l Stree t 1841­1900 ; Stephen' s Stree t 194 6 Urmhumhan 1841 (OS) . Ormonde Road 183 3 (KJ 28.8.1833) , 187 1 (OS). [south] (OS). Sraid Urmhumhan/Ormonde Road 2000 (nameplate) . Swadling­house Lan e Location unknown . Swadling­hous e Lan e 179 0 (FLJ Orphan House Lan e See Domini c Street . 23.6.1790). Palace Row Location unknown , probably sam e a s Churc h Lan e [south] . Switzer's Lane See Nuncio Road. \%2A (Pigot). Tholsell Stree t See Hig h Street . Parade, The [east ] See Castl e Road. Thomas Stree t Thomas Stree t 183 1 (KJ 2.4.1831), 184 1 (OS). Parade, The [west] Castle Street 1468 , 147 3 (Liber primus, 106 , 100) . The Parade Tilbury Lan e Beggar's Lan e 1841 , 1871 (OS). Tilbury Lan e 185 8 (Val . 2) , 1681 (Shirle y and Graves, 103) , 1758 (Rocque), 184 1 (OS). 1888 (KJ 5.5.1888). Unnamed 1900 ; closed by 194 6 (OS). Parade Walk See Mayor's Walk. Tilbury Plac e Evans's Lan e 175 8 (Rocque) . Th e Sconc e 180 1 (FU Parliament Stree t North Quarte r 165 4 (CS). Col e Market 175 8 (Rocque) . Coal 4.11.1801), 188 7 (KJ 29.1.1887) . James' s Stree t Sconc e Market 173 3 (KC M 6.8.1733), 178 6 (FU 18.2.1786) , 184 1 1841­1946 (OS) . James's Sconc e 184 7 (KJ 1.5.1847) , 188 4 (OS). Rename d Parliamen t Stree t i n 186 0 (KJ 23.6.1860) ; (Egan, 112) . Tilbur y Plac e 181 0 (U 21.7.1810) , 185 9 (KJ 1871 (OS) , 2000 (nameplate). 19.3.1859), 198 3 (OS). Parnell Stree t Flood Stree t 175 8 (Rocque) , 1841 , 187 1 (OS) . Rename d Tobin's or Tobyn's Location unknown , probably sam e a s Sconc e Lane . Tobin' s Parnell Stree t i n 188 8 (KJ 5.12.1888) ; 190 0 (OS) , 200 0 Lane Lane 1706 . 171 5 (C B 17.12.1706 , 8.11.1715) . Tobyn' s Lan e (nameplate). 1809 (U 11.11.1809) , 181 0 (KCM 22.9.1810) . Patrick Street/Srai d St Patrick' s Stree t 135 6 (Ormond deeds, 1413-1509, 188) . Tomyn's Hil l See Gallow' s Green. Phadraig Patrick Stree t c. 165 5 (DS) . S t Patrick' s Stree t 171 4 (C B Toziers Lane (05405910). Unname d 1841 , 187 1 (OS) . Tozier s Lan e 185 0 15.11.1714), 175 8 (Rocque) . Patric k Stree t 182 4 (Pigot). (Val. 1) , 1858 (Val . 2) . Closed by 190 0 (OS). Lower Patrick Street, Upper Patrick Street 1841 ; Patric k Street Troy's Gate or Troy's Orchard 1758 (Rocque). Troy's Gate 182 4 (Pigot), 184 1 1871 (OS) . Sraid Phadraig/Patrick Street 200 0 (nameplate). Orchard (OS). Se e als o 12 Defence . Patrick Street Upper 'St Patricke s ou t streete'1654 (CS). Upper Patrick Street 183 5 Troy's Lane Troy's Lane 184 1 (OS). (KJ 13.5.1835) , 1841­1946 ; Patric k Street Uppe r 198 3 (OS). Upper Dean Stree t See Dea n Street [north] . Pennefather, Penny Feathe r Lan e 175 8 (Rocque) , 180 9 (LJ 15.2.1809) . Upper Evans's Lane See Evan' s Lane . Pennefeather, Pennefather Lan e 183 0 (KJ 17.3.1830) , 1841­194 6 (OS) . Upper John's Stree t See Joh n Stree t Upper . Pennyfeather o r Pennefeather Lan e 188 4 (Egan, 113) . Pennyfeather Lan e 198 3 Upper New Stree t New Stree t 175 8 (Rocque), 180 3 (FU 12.1.1803) . Upper New Penny Feathe r (OS), 200 0 (nameplate). Named after Pennyfeathers , resident s Street 184 1 (OS). Lane c. 170 0 (Phela n an d Lanigan . 32) . Se e als o Sconc e Lane . Upper Patrick Stree t See Patric k Street, Patric k Street Upper . Percival's Lane See Carr' s Lane . Upper Walkin's Street See Walki n Street . Poding, Pudding or Poding Lan e c. 166 0 (Marescaux , 545) . Pudin g Lan e 174 4 Velvet Lane Velvet Lane 1841 , 1871 (OS), 188 4 (Bassett , 113) . Unnamed Puding Lane (KCM 5.1.1744) . Puddin g Lan e 175 8 (Rocque) , 184 1 (OS), 1900­99 (OS). 2000 (nameplate). Vicar Stree t Vicar Street 175 8 (Rocque), 1801 (FU 23.9.1801) , 1841 (OS). Post Offic e Squar e (05955825). Unnamed 1841­199 9 (OS). Post Offic e Squar e c. Walker Stree t See Friar y Street . 1840 (Phelan and Lanigan, 36), 1977 (Lanigan and Tyler, 61). Walkin's Gree n (01755620). Walkin' s Gree n 1701 , 171 2 (C B 16.5.1701 , Poyntz's Lan e Blue Bell Lane 175 8 (Rocque), 178 8 (FU 6.8.1788) . Poyntz's 14.3.1712), 176 1 (KCM 16.5.1761) . Lane 183 4 (KJ 17.12.1834) , 1841 ; unname d 1900­83 ; Walkin's Lough or (02755490). Walkin's Lough Lane 185 0 (Val. 1) , 1873 (Val. 2) . Poyntz's Lan e 199 9 (OS). Walkin's Lough Walkin's Loug h 188 4 (Egan , 113) . Unname d 1841­1900 ; Red Lan e Red Lan e 175 8 (Rocque) . 1841 ; N. part closed b y 1900 ; Red Lane closed by 194 6 (OS). Lane 198 3 (OS)Irish. HistoricRoyal Irish Towns AcademyWalkin, Walkin Atlasg or See Friar y Street . Ring, The (05006220). Unnamed 1841 , 1871 (OS). The Rin g 184 6 (KJ Walkin's Street , 25.7.1846). Jenkin's Lane or The Ring 185 8 (Val. 2) . The Ring Walkinstreet, or 1900­46; unname d 1983­9 9 (OS) . Th e Rin g 200 0 Walkin's Stree t (nameplate). Se e als o Brewery Lane. Lower Road to Loughmerans Location unknown , perhaps sam e a s eithe r Michae l Stree t o r Walkin or Walkin's Walkin's Stree t Uppe r 182 7 (KM 24.3.1827) . Upper Walkin's Wolfe Ton e Street, c. 122 3 (Carrigan, iii, 248­9). Street or Walkin's Street 1841­1900 ; Walkin' s Stree t 1946 ; Walki n Stree t Road to Stock's Wel l Location unknown , perhaps sam e a s Hig h Street . 1299 , 131 4 Street Upper 1983­4 (OS). (Ormond deeds, 1172-1350, 139 , 197). Walkin's Sconc e o r Walkin's Stree t Sconc e 184 1 (OS) . Walkin' s Sconc e 188 4 Rope Wal k See F r Hayden's Road . Walkin's Stree t (Egan, 113) . Unnamed 187 1 (OS). Rose Inn, Rosin, Crokerystret c. 145 0 (Liber primus, 84) . Rosi n Stree t 163 7 Sconce Rosom or Rossin s (Watters, 1884 , 243) , c. 165 5 (DS) . Rosonstreete 169 3 (C B Walter Stree t Location unknown. 1856 (Slater). Street, o r 7.4.1693). Rossin s Stree t 170 8 (Prim , 1862 , 162­3) . Rosi n Watchhouse Lan e (11905945). Watchhous e Lan e 175 8 (Rocque) . Unname d Rosonstreete Street 171 4 (C B 15.11.1714) . Roso m Stree t 175 8 (Rocque) . 1841­1900; built over by 194 6 (OS). Rose Inn Street 177 1 (KCM 9.9.1771) , 178 8 (FU 30.4.1788) , Water Barrack Lane (00656185). Water Barrack Lane 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1858 (Val . 2) , 1841 (OS) , 2000 (nameplate). 1884 (Egan, 113) . Unnamed 190 0 (OS). St Canice's Plac e Bull Lane 175 8 (Rocque). Bull Alle y 182 4 (Pigot). Bul l Alle y Water Barrack Water Barrack 184 1 (OS). Lane 184 1 (OS) , 185 0 (Val . 1) . Widene d i n 1860­6 1 (KJ Water, Waters' o r See Coote s Lane. 3.10.1860; KM 17.7.1861 ; wall plaque). Bull Alley 187 1 (OS), Watter's Lan e 1894 (KJ 20.1.1894) . Rename d S t Canice' s Plac e i n 188 3 Waterford Roa d Waterford Roa d 187 1 (OS). (Hogan, 1884 , 353); 1885 (KJ 18.4.1885) , 1900 (OS). Water Gat e Unnamed 175 8 (Rocque) . Water Gat e 178 7 (FU 18.7.1787) , St Canice's Step s (03656330). Lai d ou t i n 161 4 (Laniga n an d Tyler , 90) . S t 1824 (Pigot), 184 1 (OS), 2000 (nameplate). Canice's Step s 1787 ; Kenny' s Step s 179 2 (FU 27.1.1787 . Watergate Stree t See Irishtown . 17.3.1792). Unname d 1841­199 9 (OS) . S t Canice' s Step s Watkin's Stree t See Friar y Street . 2000 (local information) . Waukynnes Stree t See Friar y Street . St Francis Abbey Stree t See Hors e Barrack Lane. Wellington Plac e Wellington Squar e 181 5 (KM 16.9.1815) . Wellingto n Plac e or S t Francis Stree t or Squar e 1824 (Pigot), 184 1 (OS), 1853 ; Wellington Squar e 183 0 (KJ St James' o r James's See James's Green. 29.10.1853, 28.7.1830) . 187 1 (OS) , 200 0 (nameplate) . Green White House Road White House Road 1841 , 1871 (OS). St James's Plac e Location unknown, perhaps same as James's Sconce (q.v.). S t William's or See O'Loughli n Road . James's Place 1833 , 183 8 (KJ 24.7.1833, 7.4.1838). Williams' Lan e St James's Stree t See Jame s Street . William Stree t Bolton's Lan e 175 8 (Rocque) . Willia m Stree t 178 6 (FU St John's Green or See Gallow' s Green or John's Green. 26.4.1786), 184 1 (OS), 2000 (nameplate) . Place Wind Ga p or Wind Ga p 171 8 (Watters, 1872a , 56). Windgap Hill 184 5 (KJ St John Stree t See Joh n Stree t Lower, John Stree t Upper. Windgap Hil l 7.5.1845). Wind Gap c. 187 5 (Val . 2) , 1841­1999 (OS). St Kieran's Street / Benethstrete 1312 ; Low Lane 150 8 (Liber primus, 107 , 154). Windy Harbour (01155760). Unnamed 1841­199 9 (OS). Windy Harbour 184 6 Sraid Chiarain Back Lan e c. 165 5 (DS) . Lo w Lan e o r Bac k Lan e 166 8 (KJ 14.4.1846) . (Kenealy, 1965 . 22) . Bac k Lan e 169 3 (C B 7.4.1693) , 175 8 Wolfe Ton e Stree t Hospital Ro w 1841 , Hospital Road 1871 ; Wolfe Ton e Stree t (Rocque), 178 6 (FLJ 4.3.1786) . Kin g Stree t 180 4 (LJ 1900 (OS). See als o Road to Loughmerans. 11 Religion St Francis ' Well : c. 163 3 (Ledwich , 410), 183 7 (Lewis , ii, 115); sprin g 1841 ; S t House o f relics (martartech) , Patric k S t E. , on sit e o f later S t Patrick' s Churc h (q.v.). Francis' Wel l 1871­194 6 (OS) ; built ove r by 197 7 (Lanigan and Tyler, 26). Martartech of Mag Roigne, probably 5th cent. (Doherty, 65), c. A.D. 68 5 (Bieler, Franciscan nunner y (3r d Order regular), location unknown. Opened in c. 1642 ; closed 162), c. A.D. 830 (Bethu Phdtraic, 117) . Church of Donaghmore c. A.D. 800 in 165 0 (Millett, 234­7) . (Plummer, i, 166­7). Franciscan convent , James' s St , sit e unknown . 166 7 (Burke , 19) . 1 1 friar s 167 8 St Canice' s Church , Churc h Lan e S. , o n sit e o f late r S t Canice' s Cathedra l (se e nex t (Carrigan, i, 119). Closed in 169 8 (Carrigan , iii, 117). entry). Sai d t o hav e bee n founde d b y S t Canic e i n 6t h cent . (Gwyn n an d St Maul' s Church , Greensbridg e S t E. , o n sit e o f forme r S t Joh n th e Evangelist' s Hadcock, 84) . [St] Canice's church, burnt in 108 5 (AFM, ii , 923). Hospital (se e 19 Health) . S t Mall' s Chape l 130 0 (Carrigan , iii, 194), c. 150 0 St Canice' s Cathedra l (C . of I.), Churc h Lan e S . Forme r churc h (se e previou s entry ) (Leslie, 152) . S t Mall s Churc h 161 6 (Ainsworth , 67) . S t Maul' s Church , n o adopted a s cathedral i n 111 1 (Gwynn and Hadcock, 84­5). Burnt in 111 4 (AFM, visible remains 2000 . ii, 999) . Romanesque fragments 12t h cent. (Harbison , 27). New cathedra l buil t St Maul' s graveyard : oldes t gravesla b 178 5 (KP 21.4.2000) ; Teampal l n a mBal l on sam e site in c. 1205­85 ; centra l tower fell i n 1332 ; tower rebuilt in c. 1354 ; graveyard 184 1 (OS) , 185 0 (Val . 1); St Maul' s graveyard , 'improper ' famin e nave reroofed in 1597; damaged, nave unroofed in 1650 ; repaired by 1672 ; choir burials 184 7 (KJ 27.3.1847) ; 1871­1946 ; graveyar d 1983 , 199 9 (OS) ; 200 0 restored i n c. 176 0 (Barry , 33, 42, 45). St Canice Churc h c. 165 5 (DS) ; c. 169 8 (wall plaque) . (Place). Cathedral church 170 8 (Pratt). St Canice Church 175 8 (Rocque); c. 176 0 St Brigid' s Church , outsid e tow n wall s (se e 12 Defence) , sit e unknown . On e o f 3 (Mitchell). S t Canice' s Cathedra l 1841­1946 ; cathedra l 1983 , 199 9 (OS) . S t churches demolished b y 136 0 (Carrigan, iii, 192). Canice's Cathedra l 2000 . Restore d i n 1863­7 0 (Barry , 46) . Se e als o 20 St James' s Church, James's St , outsid e tow n walls (se e 12 Defence) , sit e unknown. Education: College of vicars choral. One of 3 churches demolished b y 136 0 (Carrigan, iii, 192). Churchyard: burial s pre­dat e roun d towe r (q.v.) (Grave s an d Prim , 121) ; oldes t St Nicholas' s Church , outsid e tow n walls (se e 12 Defence) , sit e unknown . One o f 3 graveslab c. 130 0 (Bradley, 1985 , 66); 1871­194 6 (OS) ; disused 2000 . churches demolished b y 136 0 (Carrigan, iii, 192). Round tower : buil t probabl y i n c. 110 0 (Grave s an d Prim , 122) ; c. 169 8 (Place) , c. Cistercian oratory an d novitiate, location unknown, perhaps St Mary's parish. Opene d 1760 (Mitchell); S t Canice's Tower 1841­199 9 (OS) . in c. 161 8 (Carrigan , iii, 123). Closed in 163 7 (Murphy, 287), Hostels o r guesthouses , presumabl y i n cathedral enclosure , site s unknown: 'ostels ' Discalced Carmelite friary , locatio n unknown. Opened i n c. 163 5 ( O Fearghail, 1990 , late 12t h cent. (Song ofDermot, 100) . 203). Close d by 176 5 (O'Dwyer, 1988, 386). Robing roo m an d colonnade : buil t i n 175 8 (Grave s an d Prim , 57) ; unnamed 184 1 Capuchin friary , nea r S t Canice' s Cathedra l (q.v.), sit e unknown . Opene d i n 1643 ; (OS); colonnad e remove d c. 185 7 (Graves an d Prim, 57); robing room 2000. closed in 165 0 (Carrigan, iii, 119). St Mary' s Churc h (C . of I.), S t Mary' s Lan e E . S t Mary' s Churc h c. 120 5 (Ormond Capuchin friary , Michae l St, on part of St John's Abbey (q.v.), sit e unknown. 166 7 ( O deeds, 1172-1350, 10­11) . Bell tower built in 1343 (Carrigan, iii, 90). Church in Fearghail, 1990 , 215) . Conven t an d chapel , 3 friar s 1678 ; close d i n 169 8 need of repair 1352 ; venu e for town council meetings 1352 , 1364 , 1391 , 142 8 (Carrigan, iii, 119, 254­5). (Liber primus, 18 , 14 , 13 , 48, 57). Nave in ruins, chancel i n repair 161 5 (Leslie, St Francis ' Capuchi n Friary , Friar y S t S . Opene d b y 175 6 (Carrigan , iii , 120) . S t 256). S t Mary's Church c. 165 5 (DS). Apparently repaired by c. 169 8 (Place). S t Mary's Convent and Chapel 184 1 (OS). New chapel built in 1848 (Carrigan, iii, Mary's Churc h 170 8 (Pratt) . Rebuilt , incorporating 13th­cent . fabric , in 1739 ; 120). S t Francis' R.C . Chapel 1871 ; R.C. chape l 1900 ; Catholic churc h 1946 , chancel demolishe d in 1748; bell tower repaired in 1774, replaced by tower with 1983; churc h 199 9 (OS) . S t Francis ' Capuchi n Friar y 2000 . Als o known a s spire a t W. end in 1819­2 0 (Carrigan , iii, 90­91; wal l plaque). Church enlarge d Poorhouse Chapel after F r Tobin's poorhouse (se e 22 Residence) (Carrigan, iii, and reslated i n 181 9 (Leslie, 357). St Mary's Church 1841­194 6 (OS) . Closed in 120). 1960 (Lanigan and Tyler, 23). Hall 1983 , 199 9 (OS). St Mary's hall 2000 . Jesuit house, John S t Lower W., in former S t John's Abbey (q.v.). Premise s granted t o Graveyard: 13th­cent . gravesla b (Hunt , 196) ; cemetery 133 7 (Liber primus, 6) , 160 8 Jesuits in 164 5 (Carrigan , iii, 259­60). Community of 25 1648 ; house burnt in (Proceedings an d paper s (3), 313); churchyard 178 8 (FLJ 23.4.1788) ; unname d 1650 (McRedmond , 74, 78). Converted t o military hospita l (se e 19 Health) in 1841 (OS); graveyard 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1900­99 (OS) ; disused 2000 . Church stile: 1633^ 4 (Ledwich, 410), 170 3 (Hogan, 1884 , 261). 1650 (Moran , ii , 43). Hous e re­establishe d i n 166 4 (McRedmond , 87) . Community of 2 167 8 (Carrigan, i, 119). Closed in 169 8 (Carrigan , iii, 260). St Patrick's Church , Patrick S t E., on sit e of former house of relics (q.v.). S t Patrick' s Baptist church, location unknown, perhaps part of St Mary's Church (q.v.). 1650 , 165 3 Church, Donaghmore c. 120 7 (In mon. deeds, 216) . St Patrykes 153 7 (Hore and (Barnard, 101­2) . Graves, 130) . Nave an d chancel i n repair 161 5 (Leslie , 358); c. 169 8 (Place). S t St Canice' s Chape l (R.C) , Dea n S t N . (02006230) . Chape l 166 7 (Burke , 19) . S t Patrick's Churc h 170 8 (Pratt) . I n ruin s 173 1 (Leslie , 358) . S t Patrick' s Ol d Canice's Cathedra l 1682 , old mass house 173 1 (Carrigan, iii, 204­5). Dean S t Church, in ruins 1841 ; St Patrick's Church , sit e of, 1871­1946 ; church , sit e of , Chapel 175 8 (Rocque) . Butt s R.C . Chapel 178 6 (FU 12.4.1786) . S t Canice' s 1983, 199 9 (OS). No visible remains 2000 . Chapel, close d o n openin g o f new churc h o n adjacen t sit e (se e nex t entry ) in Graveyard: oldes t date d gravesla b 129 3 (Carrigan , iii, 210); 170 4 (CB 20.10.1704) ; 1831 (Carrigan, iii, 204­5). St Patrick's burying ground 175 8 (Rocque); graveyard 1841­198 3 (OS) ; disused 2000. St Canice's Church (R.C), Dean S t N. Built t o replace chape l (se e previou s entry ) on adjacent sit e i n 1824­3 1 (Carrigan , iii , 204­5). Consecrate d i n 183 1 (KJ Wayside cross, in graveyard: erecte d i n 162 5 (Prim , 1850 , 181­2) ; base extant 2000 . 28.9.1831). Butt s R.C . Chape l 1841 , 187 1 (OS) , 188 8 (KJ 11.7.1888) . S t St John's Abbey, John S t Lower W. Augustinian priory founded by William Marshal the Canice's R.C . Chape l 184 6 (Slater), 1900­46 ; Catholi c churc h 1983 ; churc h elder to replace forme r S t John th e Evangelist's Hospita l (see 19 Health) in 121 1 1999 (OS) . S t Canice' s Church ; als o know n a s Butt s Chape l 200 0 (loca l (Liber primus, 63 ; Gwynn and Hadcock , 182) . Lady Chapel buil t i n 1290 ; ne w information). building works begun i n 132 5 (Liber primus, 63) . Bell tower collapsed i n 1329 ; priory: church, belfry, cemetery , 6 chambers, dormitory, 3 gardens, granary, hall , Graveyard: tomb s 1841 ; graveyard 1871­194 6 (OS) ; disused 2000 . kitchen, 2 orchards (se e 14 Primary production: Prior's orchard), store, dissolved St John's R.C. Chapel, Maudlin S t N., on part of site of St Mary Magdalen's Hospita l in 1540 ; priory an d portion of property grante d t o mayor and citizens in c. 154 1 (see 19 Health). Chapel 166 7 (Burke, 19) . Old mass house 173 1 (Carrigan, iii, (Carrigan, iii , 248­53). Nav e an d chance l i n ruin s 161 5 (Leslie , 351) . Bak e 244). S t Magdalen's Chape l 175 8 (Rocque). Rebuilt in 1796 (Carrigan, iii, 244). house, cart gate, 'castle' , chapte r house, cloister, garden, grea t kitchen , orchard, Maudlin S t chape l 183 0 (KJ 26.6.1830) . S t John' s R.C . Chape l 184 1 (OS) . out stall, prior's chambers 162 8 (Ledwich, 403). Granted t o Jesuits in 164 5 (se e Closed i n 184 7 (Carrigan , iii, 244), replace d b y ne w churc h o n adjoinin g sit e below, Jesui t house ; 20 Education : Jesui t college) . S t John' s Churc h c. 165 5 (see nex t entry). Old R.C. chapel 1858 ; in ruins 187 3 (Val . 2) . (DS). Unroofe d c. 169 8 (Place) . Par t assigne d a s sit e o f barrack s 169 8 (C B St John's R.C. Chapel, Maudli n S t N. Built t o replace chape l (se e previou s entry ) on 16.9.1698). Nav e an d domesti c building s demolished , replace d b y infantr y adjoining sit e i n 184 0 (Carrigan , iii , 245). S t John' s Ne w R.C . Chape l 184 1 barracks i n c. 170 0 (se e 12 Defence) . S t John' s Abbe y 170 8 (Pratt) , 175 8 (OS). S t John's R.C . Chape l 184 9 (KJ 29.12.1849) , 1871­190 0 (OS) . Closed , (Rocque). 2 chancels, churchyar d 181 5 (KCM 16.1.1815) . Ruins of Lady Chapel replaced b y new churc h (se e nex t entry) in 190 7 (Val . 2). Demolished in 195 6 incorporated into church in 1817 (see below , St John's Church). St John's Abbey (local information). 1841; abbe y in ruins 1900­9 9 (OS) . St John's graveyard [east] , formerly St Mary Magdalen's Hospita l graveyard (se e 19 Black Abbey Church (R.C.), Abbey St N. Hol y Trinity Priory (Dominican) founded by Health): 169 9 (graveslab) ; S t Stephen' s churchyar d 1735 , 178 0 (Carrigan , iii, William Marsha l th e younge r i n c. 122 5 (Gwyn n and Hadcock , 226) . Crossin g 242), c. 180 0 (Hogan , 1884 , 238) ; Maudli n S t graveyar d 1841 ; incorporate d tower buil t b y 150 7 (wal l plaque) . Priory : church , belfry , dormitory , chapter into S t John's graveyard [west ] (q.v.) b y 187 1 (OS). house, 'castle ' ove r gate , granary , king' s chamber , prior' s chamber , 'smal l St John's graveyard [west] : S t John's graveyard 1841­194 6 (OS) ; disused 2000 . castle', toft , Wil l Dowlaghe's chamber , dissolve d in 1540 ; granted t o mayor an d St Joh n th e Evangelist' s Churc h (R.C) , Dubli n R d S . Buil t t o replac e churc h (se e citizens i n 1543 ; churc h converteIrishd t o courthous HistoricRoyale (se e 13 Administration Irish) b y Towns Academypreviou Atlass entry ) in 1897­190 7 (KJ 5.5.1897 ; Val . 2). R.C. chapel 190 0 (OS). St 1603; priory reoccupied by friars in 1603 (Carrigan, iii, 179­80) . Closed in 1604, John's R.C . Churc h 1946 ; churc h (Catholic ) 1983 , 199 9 (OS) . S t Joh n th e reused a s courthous e (6 Fearghail , 1990 , 198) . Blac k Frere n steeple , choir , Evangelist's Churc h 2000 . cloister, garden , kiln , king' s chambe r 162 8 (Ledwich , 407) . Repaire d an d St Mary's Chapel (R.C), St Kieran's S t E. (06106005). Luke Archer's chapel , a mass reoccupied by friars in 164 3 (6 Fearghail, 1990 , 200). Dominicans dispossessed house 166 7 (Burke , 19) . Closed b y 167 8 o n opening of St Mary's Chapel (se e in 1650 ; churc h reuse d a s courthouse ; reoccupie d b y friar s fro m Dominica n next entry). Old chapel c. 168 5 (Hogan , 1884 , 255). friary, Irishtow n (q.v.) i n c. 177 8 (Carrigan , iii, 179­81). Rebuilt, incorporating St Mary's Chapel (R.C), James's St S . (04005895). S t Mary's Chapel, built to replac e 13th­cent. nave , S . transept , crossin g towe r an d 17th­cent . aisle , i n c. 178 8 former chape l o n S t Kieran' s S t (se e previou s entry ) b y 1678 ; rebuil t a s (Fenning, 1990 , 503) . Opene d t o publi c worship in 181 6 (Fenning , 1975 , 26). cruciform buildin g wit h transept s i n c. 170 0 (Carrigan , iii , 125) . S t James ' Black Abbe y Chape l 1841­190 0 (OS) . Restore d i n 186 4 (Egan , 234) . Ne w Chapel 175 8 (Rocque) . Demolished in c. 177 4 (Carrigan, iii, 127), replaced b y convent buil t o n sam e sit e i n 189 4 (Coleman , 29) . Blac k Abbe y Churc h new churc h on adjoining site (se e nex t entry). (Catholic) 1946­9 9 (OS) . Dominican Black Abbey 2000. St Mary' s R.C . Chapel , James' s S t S . Buil t t o replac e chape l o n adjoinin g sit e (se e Angel's Well, Abbey St N., in church grounds: 1841 , 1871, 1946 (OS). Extant 2000 . previous entry ) i n 1771­4 ; becam e diocesa n cathedra l i n 178 9 (Carrigan , iii, Dominican friary , locatio n unknown . Community o f 8 friar s 1622 ; move d t o Blac k 125). S t James' s Chape l 178 9 (FU 19.9.1789) . S t Mary' s R.C Chape l 184 1 Abbey Church (se e previou s entry) in 164 3 (Fenning, 1975 , 16) . (OS). Close d i n 185 7 (Carrigan , iii, 128) , replace d b y ne w churc h (se e nex t Dominican friary , nea r Blac k Abbe y Churc h (q.v.), sit e unknown . I n us e b y 166 7 entry). James's Street Chapel, demolishe d in 186 0 (KJ 26.9.1860) . (Burke, 19) . 5 friars 167 8 (Carrigan, i, 119). Closed in 1698 (Fenning, 1990 , 591, St Mary' s Cathedra l (R.C) , James's S t N., on sit e o f earlie r Burrell' s Hal l (se e 20 629). Education). Buil t t o replac e forme r chape l (se e previou s entry ) i n 1843­5 7 Dominican friary , Irishtown , i n forme r mal t hous e (se e 15 Manufacturing) , sit e (Phelan, 1972 , 1­5) . Sacristy , baptistery , chapter­roo m adde d b y 189 9 unknown. Buil t afte r 1714 , 5 friar s 173 1 (Coleman , 29) . Close d i n 1744 ; (Carrigan, iii, 130­33). S t Mary's R.C. Cathedra l 1871­1946 ; cathedra l 1983 , reopened, probabl y o n sam e site, by 176 7 (Fenning, 1990 , 229, 354) . Closed in 1999 (OS). St Mary's Cathedral 2000 . c. 1778 , friars moved to Black Abbey Church (q.v.). St Patrick' s Chape l (R.C) , Patrick S t E . (07755450) . Mas s hous e 166 7 (Burke , 19), St Francis' Abbey , Water Gat e E. Franciscan friar y founde d b y Richard Marshal in c. 1731 (Leslie , 358). S t Patrick' s Chape l 175 8 (Rocque) . Dismantled , moved t o 1231^1; ne w chance l buil t i n 1321 ; ne w cemeter y adde d i n 1331 ; chance l nearby sit e (se e nex t entry) in 1781­2 (Carrigan , iii, 232). extended i n 1347 ; friary : church , belfry , barn , cemetery , D r Clinton's chamber , St Patrick' s R.C . Chapel , Patric k S t E . Built , usin g fabri c fro m earlie r churc h (se e garret chamber , granar y wit h 3 cellars , kitchen , orchar d wit h 2 smal l close s previous entry) , in 1781­ 2 (wal l plaque) . Chape l an d chape l hous e in 'almos t containing 2 acres , 1 water course , suppresse d in 1540 ; grante d t o mayo r an d ruinous state ' 183 1 (KJ 8.6.1831) . S t Patrick' s R.C . Chape l 1841­190 0 (OS) . citizens i n 154 3 (Carrigan , iii, 104­10). Reoccupie d i n 1553 , vacate d i n 1559 , Closed i n 189 9 (KJ 25.11.1899) . Par t extant , unname d 194 6 (OS) . No visible reoccupied b y 1599 ; ne w friar y buil t i n 161 2 (Jennings , 146 , 176) . Chamber , remains 2000 . chapter house , choir , cloister , Gre y Frere n par k (se e 14 Primar y production) , St Patrick's Churc h (R.C), Upper New S t W. Built in 1896­ 9 (Carrigan , iii, 235; KJ kiln, nave , steeple , voi d roo m c. 163 3 (Ledwich , 409­10). Close d i n 165 0 29.11.1899). S t Patrick' s R.C . Churc h 1900­46 ; chape l 1983 , 199 9 (OS) . S t (Jennings, 180) . 'Mary ' Abbe y c. 165 5 (DS) . Assigne d a s sit e o f cavalr y Patrick's Churc h 2000 . barracks (se e 12 Defence : hors e barracks) i n 169 8 (C B 16.9.1698) . Francisca n Presbyterian meetin g house , near S t John's Abbey (q.v.), sit e unknown . Opened i n c. abbey 170 8 (Pratt) . Roo f an d galler y timber s remove d i n c. 171 9 (KCM 1703; 170 5 (CB 12.2.1703 , 12.5.1705) . 19.9.1719). S t Francis' Abbe y 175 8 (Rocque) . Churc h nearl y entire , unroofed , Presbyterian church , Ormonde R d W. Scots Church, built in c. 184 2 (KM 13.7.1842) . with towe r 183 7 (Lewis , ii, 115). St Francis' Abbey , in ruins 1841­199 9 (OS) . Presbyterian chape l 1846 , 185 6 (Slater). Presbyteria n church , rebuilt on sam e Remains o f chancel, tower , vaulted chamber 2000 . Se e als o 15 Manufacturing: site i n 187 0 (Laniga n an d Tyler , 53); 1871­199 9 (OS) . Close d i n c. 1991 ; in St Francis' Abbe y Brewery. commercial us e b y 199 4 (local information). Chapel, Friar y St , sit e unknown , probably sam e a s S t Francis' Capuchi n Friar y (q.v.). St Francis' Tower , Parliament S t E. (06106330). Tower, site of, 1900­46 ; built over by 1731 (Carrigan, i, 147). 1983 (OS). Methodist chapel , Willia m S t S . Meetin g house built i n 1771 ; replaced b y Methodist Town walls, ramparts an d ditche s church i n 1802 , rebuil t in lat e 19t h cent . (Laniga n an d Tyler , 69). Methodist Murage grants c. 125 0 (Cal. doc. Ire., 1171-1251, 112) , 1266­9, 1282­5 , 1284­ 8 (Cal. chapel 1841 ; Wesleyan chape l 1871 ; Methodist chapel 1900­9 9 (OS) . doc. Ire., 1252-84, 128 , 430 , 494) , 1291­ 5 (Cal. doc. Ire., 1285-92, 409) , Presentation convent , James's St S . Opened in 1800 (Hegarty, 10) . Presentation conven t 1306­11 (Cal. doc. Ire., 1302-7, 158) , 1375­82, 1381­9 3 (Chartae, 69 , 79­80), 1837 (Lewis, ii, 113) . Nunnery 1841 ; Presentation conven t 1871­1900 ; conven t 1401­21, 1419­3 9 (Mun. corp. Ire. rept, 533) , 1440­6 0 (KC A CR/B/14). 1946, 198 3 (OS). Demolished on construction of shopping centre in 199 2 (local Murage payable 183 0 (KJ 24.4.1830) . information). Se e als o 20 Education: Presentation school . The Hightown (sections clockwis e from Kilkenn y Castle) : Cemetery: nuns ' cemeter y 1841 ; cemetery 187 1 (OS). Castle Gat e to S t Patrick's Gate . Buil t by c . 130 0 (Bradley , 1975­6 , 91­2). Old city St John's Church (C. of I.), Joh n S t Lower W., incorporating Lady Chapel of St John's wall 184 1 (OS). Part extan t 2000 . Abbey (q.v.). Buil t i n 1817­1 8 (Leslie , 351) . S t John' s Churc h 1841­1946 ; St Patrick's Gat e to Talbot's Castle . Buil t by c . 130 0 (Bradley , 1975­6 , 91­2); 169 2 church (C. of I.) 1983 , 199 9 (OS). St John's Church 2000 . (CB 12.11.1692) . Unnamed 175 8 (Rocque) . Old city wal l 1841 ; city wal l 1983 , Graveyard: 13t h cent . (Carrigan , iii , 255) , 185 0 (Val . 1), 1871­199 9 (OS) ; disuse d 1999 (OS). Part extant 2000 . 2000. Talbot's Castle to Walkin's Gate. Built by c. 130 0 (Bradley, 1975­6, 91­2); 169 2 (CB Sisters o f Charit y convent , James' s St , sit e unknown . Opene d i n 186 1 (Sisters of 12.11.1692). Unname d 175 8 (Rocque) . Sconc e near Walkin's Gate 1772 , 179 4 Charity, 53) ; 1862 (KJ 6.12.1862). Transferred to new premises in 1872 (see nex t (Hogan, 1859 , 470 ; Pilsworth , 58). Ol d cit y wal l 1841 ; city wal l 1871­199 9 entry). (OS). Parts extant 2000 . Sisters of Charity convent, Patric k S t Upper (09205020) . Sister s of Charity transferre d Walkin's Gate to St James's Gate. Built probably by c. 130 0 (Bradley, 1975­6, 91­2). from James' s St (see previou s entry) in 1872 (Sisters of Charity, 53) ; 1881, 1894 Rampart, nea r Walkin's Gate, 'commonl y called Drysdal's holding' 174 6 (KCM (Slater). 22.4.1746). Unname d 175 8 (Rocque) . Tow n wall , S . section , 181 1 (U Friends' meetin g house, St Kieran's St , sit e unknown. 186 2 (KJ 9.7.1862) . 14.8.1811); par t demolishe d i n c. 180 9 (Hogan , 1884 , 15) . Old city wal l 1841 ; Loreto Convent, Church Lane N., in former S t James's Park Hous e (se e 22 Residence) . city wall 1871­199 9 (OS) . Parts extant 2000 . Loreto Convent , transferre d fro m Borri s i n Ossory , Co . Laois , i n 186 8 (KJ St James' s Gat e t o Tilbur y Tower . Rampie r 170 7 (C B 17.1.1707) ; rampar t 174 6 10.10.1868); 1871­1946 ; conven t 199 9 (OS) . Se e als o 20 Education : Loret o (KCM 22.4.1746) . Unnamed 175 8 (Rocque) . Town wal l 178 8 (FU 23.7.1788) ; Secondary School ; 22 Residence: St James Cottage . old city wall 1841 ; demolished b y 187 1 (OS). Graveyard: 1900­4 6 (OS) . Tilbury Towe r to Black Freren Gate . Buil t probabl y in 14t h cent. (Bradley , 1975­6 , St Camillus Convent (S t John o f God Sisters), Uppe r New S t W. St Camillus Convent 215). Unname d 175 8 (Rocque) . Ol d cit y wal l 1841 ; city wal l 1900­9 9 (OS) . 1877 (Val . 2), 189 4 (Slater), 1900^16 ; conven t 1983 , 199 9 (OS) . Se e als o 16 Largely extant 2000 . Manufacturing: line n manufactory. Black Freren Gate to Evan's Turret. Town wall, E. section 169 5 (CB 7.2.1695); partly St Ciaran's Well , S t Kieran' s S t E. (05956010). S t Kenerock' s Wel l 120 2 (Grave s an d collapsed, stone s use d t o complet e drai n i n 172 5 (KC M 3.3.1725). Unname d Prim, 31). Kierock's Well c. 168 5 (Hogan, 1884 , 255). Kyran's Well 174 5 (KCM 1758 (Rocque) . Ol d city wal l 1841 ; city wal l 1871­199 9 (OS) . Largely extan t 23.4.1745), 177 2 (Proceeding s an d paper s (2) , 259), 179 0 (FLJ 31.7.1790) . S t 2000. Ciaran's Wel l 200 0 (local information). Rampart, Tobyn' s Lane , locatio n unknown . 170 6 (C B 17.12.1706) , 171 8 (KCM St Canice's Well, Kenny' s Wel l Rd N.: c. 124 5 (Carrigan , i, 38); stone well house with 30.4.1718). 'Par t o f th e corporatio n estate ' 179 4 (Pilsworth , 58); 181 0 (KCM internal benches built by 167 2 (Lynch , 368) ; St Canice's Well 1841­1946 ; wel l 22.9.1810). 1999 (OS). Kenny's Well, in use 200 0 (nameplate ; The Irish Times 22.3.2000) . Irishtown: St Mary's Well, S t Kieran's S t E. (07205855). 131 2 (Liber primus, 154) , 170 3 (Hogan, Wall, beside Water Gate. Town wall repaired in 156 8 (Ainsworth, 33). 1884, 260­61). Rampart, stone­faced , S t Canice's churchyard N. and W . Unnamed 175 8 (Rocque) . St Rock's graveyard, Walkin S t N. S t Rock's cemetery 1623 ; St Rock's churchyard 163 3 Extant 2000 . (Carrigan, iii , 192­3) , 170 1 (C B 16.5.1701) . Enclose d i n 182 8 (Carrigan , iii , St John's: 192­3; wal l plaque) . S t Rock s graveyar d 1841­1946 ; graveyar d 1983­4 ; Michael S t t o Maudlin St . Bulwark, John S t Upper , adjoinin g S t John's Oute r Gat e cemetery 199 9 (OS). Disused 2000 . 1508 (Liber primus, 130) . Fosse, Maudlin S t 152 7 (Watters , 1872c , 206) . Town St Rock's Well , sit e unknown: St Rock's Well , disused c. 180 0 (Hogan, 1884 , 17) . ditch, John S t 162 8 (Ledwich, 399). Croker's Cross, a t Crokker's Cross. Sai d to have been erected in 1407 (Clyn arm., xxxv). Maudlin S t t o R . Nore . Unname d 175 8 (Rocque) . Part s o f wal l uncovere d i n Butt's Cross , a t Butt' s Cross . 17th­cent . waysid e cros s (King , 29) . Butt' s Cros s excavations 1990­9 8 (Bradle y an d King , 983­6 ; Excavations 1995, 49 ; 1841­1999 (OS) . Excavations 1997, 99 ; Excavations 1998, 116­17) . Maudlin St , nea r S t Mar y Magdalen' s Hospita l (se e 19 Health) . Tow n ditc h 162 8 12 Defence (Ledwich, 401). Earthwork castle, The Parade N., on site of later Kilkenny Castle (se e nex t entry). Castle Town gates (caislen) built by Richard de Clare on possible sit e of earlier castle by 117 3 (Ann. Walkin's Gate , Friar y S t (05055695) . Walkelin s Ba r 130 5 (Watters , 1873 , 532) . Tig., 433) . Rebuilt, perhaps in c. 119 0 (Murtagh, 1993, 1110) . Walkynge Gate , rebuil t i n 150 0 (Liber primus, 117) . Walken' s Gat e 164 1 Kilkenny Castle , The Parade N., o n site of former earthwork castle (see previou s entry). (Watters, 1872c , 218) . Unname d c. 165 5 (DS) . Walken' s Gat e 170 7 (C B Quadrangular ston e castle with corner towers built in c. 1207­19 (Murtagh, 1993, 15.3.1707). Watkin's Gate 175 8 (Rocque). Walkin's Gate, to be demolished 175 9 1104­5). Hall, 4 towers, chapel, moat, 'othe r divers houses' 130 7 (Cal. doc. Ire., (KCM 5.4.1759) ; demolishe d in c. 178 8 (Hogan, 1884 , 15) . 1302-7, 186) . N . wing , rebuilt , hal l adde d i n c. 1580 ; sea t o f Catholi c Black Freren Gate, Abbey St (03856135). 'Hal f gate' 1335 ; 'brattice of the preachin g Confederation o f Kilkenny counci l 1642­8 ; S . win g largel y demolished durin g friars' 139 7 (Liber primus, 102 , 42) . Blackfrery n Gatehous e 158 1 (Watters , assault i n 165 0 (Lanigan , 1978 , 6 , 14) . Courtyard , gate , hous e fo r soldiers , 1872c, 211) . Frere n Gate , gatehous e 162 8 (Ledwich , 398). Abbe y Gat e 164 1 kitchen, littl e castle , ol d hall, oute r gate , public hay store , 3 towers, yar d wit h (Watters, 1872c , 218) . Blac k Abbe y Gatehous e 1703 ; gatehous e 170 6 (C B great stabl e 165 4 (CS). Th e Castl e c . 165 5 (DS) . Rebuilt, coach hous e added, in 12.2.1703, 4.5.1706); largely demolished by 184 1 (OS). Single arch extant 2000 . 1663­8; old hall reroofe d i n 166 9 (Loeber , 78 , 16­17) ; c. 169 8 (Place) . Furthe r St John's Gate, Rose Inn St, E. end (07705845). S t John's Gate 1351; gatehouse 149 3 rebuilding i n 1682 ; W . gate adde d afte r 169 8 (Loeber , 95­6) . Duchess' s close , (Liber primus, 28 , 106) . Destroyed b y flood i n 156 4 (Ainsworth , 26) . St John's gallery, gatehous e 170 9 (Prendergas t an d Graves , 297­8) ; c. 176 0 (Mitchell) . Gate 169 0 (Watters, 1872c , 219) . Unnamed 170 8 (Pratt) . Destroyed b y flood in Reconstructed i n Gothic styl e b y Willia m Robertso n i n 1826­37 ; staircas e an d 1763 (Bradley, 1975­6, 102) . picture gallery designed b y Benjamin Woodward added i n 1860­62 ; vacate d in Hightown Gate, Irishtown, S. end (04356255). Irishtown Gate 1384; gate of Irishtown 1936; presented t o citizen s o f Kilkenny b y 6t h marquess of Ormonde i n 1967 ; Bar 1482 ; Hightown Gate, gatehous e 149 9 (Liber primus, 38 , 85 , 106) . Tower passed to Office o f Public Works in 1971; E. wing restored, opene d t o public, in added i n 1609 ; Hightow n Gate 162 6 (Ainsworth , 75) , 164 1 (Watters , 1872c , 1976 (Laniga n an d Tyler , 20) . Kilkenn y Castl e 1841 ; The Castl e 1871­199 9 216­18). (OS). National monument 2000 . Irishtown Gate. Se e previou s entry . Chapel: opene d b y c. 122 3 (Carrigan , iii , 248) ; S t Mary' s Chape l 140 3 (Ormond St James's Gate, James's St. St James's Gate 1384 ; rebuilt in 150 0 (Liber primus, 38 , deeds, 1350-1413, 270­71) . 117). S t James' s Castl e 1599 ; S t James' s Gat e 164 1 (Watters , 1872c , 218) . Prison (08855615) : 132 4 (Wright , 6)Irish; 153 7 (Hor e an Historicd Graves , 103) ; 177 9 (Neely , TownsUnname Atlasd c . 165 5 (DS) . St James' s Gate 170 3 (C B 15.1.1703) , 175 8 (Rocque) . 1989, 161­2) ; 'outlet to R. Nore', 'cellar ' 184 1 (OSRoyal; Lanigan, 1978 , 13) . Irish AcademyWith uppe r room s 176 7 (KC M 17.9.1767). James' s Gate 183 5 (KJ 29.8.1835) . Castle demesne: garden, 5. 5 acres of demesne, 5.5 acres of meadow, 'unde r th e castle ' James's St Arch 184 1 (OS). Demolished in 186 0 (KM 29.2.1860) . 1307 (Cal. doc. Ire., 1302-7, 187) ; orchard, dovecote , fisher y 1368 ; grea t par k St Patrick's Gate, Patrick St. St Patrick's Gate 1384; rebuilt in 1500 (Liber primus, 38 , with dovecote , 2 gardens , orchard , fishery , wei r 137 5 (Ormond deeds, 117). Rebuil t i n 1626 ; S t Patrick' s Gat e 164 1 (Watters , 1872c , 216 , 218) . 1350-1413, 341­4 , 141) . Garden calle d Great Orchard , 4 or 5 acres of pasture, 4 'Drawinge bridg e gate ' 165 4 (CS). S t Patrick' s Gat e 169 2 (C B 12.11.1692) , c . or 5 acre s o f arabl e 153 7 (Hor e an d Graves , 129) . Ear l o f Ormonde' s Grea t 1698 (Place), 175 8 (Rocque), 178 6 (FU 11.3.1786) , 184 3 (KJ 17.6.1843) . Minor Orchard enclosed i n 156 5 (Watters, 1872c , 207). Bowling green, garden , orchar d St Patrick' s Gat e 170 4 (C B 20.10.1704). Patric k S t Arch 1841 ; unnamed 187 1 1654 (CS). Bowlin g green , gardens , orchards , walks , waterhouse wit h summe r (OS). Partly demolished in c. 189 5 (Bradley , 1975­6, 102) . Remainder remove d banqueting roo m 1681 ; statue s an d fountain s adde d i n 1681­ 2 (Shirle y an d in 195 1 (loca l information) . Se e als o 21 Entertainment : Hom e Rul e Clu b Graves, 104­6 ; Loeber, 45­6, 71). Parkland with bowling gree n 175 8 (Rocque) . premises. Pleasure ground , fountain , terraces, bowlin g green , coa l yar d 176 7 (Kenealy , Castle Gate , junction The Parade/Castl e Rd (08755615). Castl e Ba r 142 7 (Carrigan , 1982, 344). Parkland wit h te a house, Flora's grav e 184 1 (OS). Reservoir, fe d by iii, 6) , 1473 ; rebuilt in 150 0 (Liber primus, 100 , 117) . Gatehouse 1620 ; Castl e Seven Springs , Cana l Wal k W . (se e 18 Utilities : wells) , buil t i n 186 1 (KM Gate 1641 (Watters, 1872c , 216,218). Castle Gatehouse 1716 (CB 9.1.1716). Old 9.2.1861). Formal garden wit h fountain, parkland with cricket ground, gas hous e castle 176 7 (Kenealy , 1982 , 344) . Demolishe d i n 176 9 (se e 10 Streets : Castl e with gasometer, old quarry, reservoir with boa t house and engine house , summe r Road). house 1871; parkland with private burial ground, gas works, old quarry, reservoir St John's Outer Gate , junction John S t Lower/John S t Upper (09456060) . S t John's and engin e hous e 1900 ; parkland with buria l ground, electric engin e house , old Outer Gate 150 8 (Liber primus, 130) . E. gate of St John's 162 8 (Ledwich, 398); quarry, reservoi r 1946 ; parklan d wit h graveyar d 198 3 (OS) . Garden s an d c. 169 8 (Place) . Outwar d gate of S t John's S t 170 6 (C B 20.4.1706). S t John' s parkland 2000. Gate 178 3 (KCM 10.5.1783). Ormonde Stables , The Parade S. : buil t in c. 178 0 (Lanigan and Tyler, 48); Ormond e St Patrick's [outer ] Gate, Patric k St, sit e unknown. 'Further gat e of St Patrick' 150 8 Stables, haystands, piggery , duckpoo l 1841 ; Ormonde Stable s 1871 ; unname d (Ormond deeds, 1413-1509, 329) ; 170 4 (C B 20.10.1704). Patric k S t ou t gate s 1900­99 (OS) . Restored, opene d a s Kilkenn y Desig n Workshops in 196 5 (local 1814 ('Kilkenny deeds', 394). information). St Michael' s Gate , nea r Joh n St , sit e unknown . S t Michael' s Gat e 150 9 (Ormond Ormonde Garden , Castl e R d S. : Ormond e Garden , 2 greenhouse s 1841 ; unname d deeds, 1413-1509, 338­9) , 162 8 (Ledwich, 405). 1871­1946; buil t over by 196 0 (local information). Dean's Gate, Dean St (03206250). Dean's Gate 1537; West Gate 1614; Westrene Gat e Ice house (07955480): 1841 , 1871 (OS). 1626 (Ainsworth , 5 , 65 , 73) . Dean' s Gat e 162 5 (Ainsworth , 72) , 170 1 (C B Ice house (10905445): 187 1 (OS). 28.3.1701). Castle, Th e Parad e N., site unknown , perhap s sam e a s nex t entry . 'Castl e calle d l e Green's Gate , Gree n S t (05056560) . Grine' s Gat e 1537 , 162 5 (Ainsworth , 5 , 72) . Shirehall gardyne ' 143 5 (Ormond deeds, 1413-1509, 114) . Se e als o 13 Green's Gate 165 4 (CS), 169 5 (CB 7.2.1695). Demolished by 175 8 (Rocque) . Administration: Shir e Hall; 14 Primary production: Shirehall Garden . Troy's Gate , Troy' s Gat e (03606520) . 1537 ; Ne w Cour t Gat e o r Troy's Gat e 1614 ; Tower, The Parade N., sit e unknown, perhaps same as previous entry. Tower 1491 (Liber North Gat e 162 6 (Ainsworth , 5 , 65 , 73) . Troy's Gat e c . 163 3 (Ledwich , 409), primus, 105) . 1695 (C B 7.2.1695) , 172 4 (KC M 19.12.1724) , 175 8 (Rocque) , 179 2 (FU Grace's Castle , Parliamen t S t E. , on sit e of late r courthous e (se e 13 Administration). 1.2.1792). Se e als o 10 Streets. Castle give n t o corporatio n b y Jame s Grac e i n 156 6 (se e 13 Administration: Water Gate , Wate r Gate , N. end (04456250) . Smal l gate 1545 ; the sli p 1569 ; Wate r County Gaol) . Grace' s Castl e 170 8 (Pratt) . Grace' s ol d castl e 178 6 (FU Gate 1570 ; Foote Gat e or Slipp Gate 160 6 (Ainsworth, 14 , 34, 35, 58­9). Water 9.9.1786), 183 1 (KJ 26.10.1831), 184 1 (OS). Gate c. 165 5 (DS), 1695, 169 9 (CB 7.2.1695, 10.2.1699) . Demolition ordered in Castle, Parliament S t W., at rear of Rothe House, sit e unknown, perhaps same as Tilbury 1759 (KCM 5.4.1759) . Wate r Gate, sit e of, 187 1 (OS). See als o 10 Streets. Tower (q.v.). 161 5 (Healy , 383). Grey Frere n Gate , Hors e Barrac k Lane N. (04756300). c. 163 3 (Ledwich, 410). Se e Turret, Patrick St E. (07905425). 187 1 (OS). also 17 Transport: bridge, Breagagh R . Mural tower s City Gaol , Hig h S t W . (06405745) . Cit y Gao l 175 8 (Rocque) , 178 6 (FU 18.2.1786) . Tilbury Tower, Evan's Lane, W. end (03556015). Kilberry Tower 150 8 (Liber primus, Disused c. 182 0 (Hogan , 1861 , 352) . 7 cell s 183 7 (Lewis , ii, 111); 184 9 (KM 106), c. 163 3 (Ledwich , 411). Tilbury Towe r 1704 ; Jonas's or Tilberr y Towe r 2.5.1849). 1706 (CB 30.11.1704, 4.5.1706). Unnamed 175 8 (Rocque). Tilbury Tower 179 4 Bridewell, John S t Lower W, adjacent t o infantry barracks (se e 12 Defence), site unknown. (Pilsworth, 58), 181 2 (Bradley, 1975­6, 102) . Jonas's or Tilberry Tower, rampart 1701 (CB 30.6.1701). Old bridewell 1730 (KCM 24.1.1730) . on S . 183 4 (KJ 15.3.1834) . Part extant, unnamed 184 1 (OS). Tilbury Tower 185 7 City Gaol , locatio n unknown, probably sam e a s nex t entry . 182 4 (Pigot), 183 4 (KJ (KM 8.8.1857) . Se e als o above, castle , Parliamen t S t W. 16.8.1834). Turret, John S t N., site unknown . 'Littl e tower ' 157 0 (Watters , 1872c , 208) . Turret County an d Cit y Gaol , Stephe n S t W. County Gaol , 48 cells , trea d mill , schoo l 183 7 1628 (Ledwich, 404). (Lewis, ii , 111) . Count y Gaol : bakin g house , coa l yard , governor' s house , Myles Tower, Lower New St E. Myles Tower 169 2 (KCA CR/I/90) . Tower 170 7 (CB infirmary, kitchen , laundry , lim e kiln , marshals ' [quarters] , prisons , sa w pit , 10.1.1707). Turre t 184 0 (KJ 4.3.1840) . Towe r 1841 ; castle , i n ruin s 1946 ; solitary cells , tread mil l 1841 ; County an d Cit y Gaol , extended b y 1871 ; 1900 ; unnamed 198 3 (OS) . Extant 2000 . disused 194 6 (OS). Demolished in c. 194 8 (local information). Talbot's Castle , Ormond e R d W . Unnamed c. 165 5 (DS) . St Patrick' s Towe r 169 2 House o f correction , Kell s R d S. , adjoinin g workhous e (q.v.), sit e unknown . 182 5 (KCA CR/I/90) . Watc h towe r 1841 , 187 1 (OS) . Walters ' Towe r 185 4 (KCM 4.11.1825) , 1831 ; vacant 185 6 (KJ 18.5.1831 , 4.10.1856). (Proceedings an d paper s (1), 130) . Unnamed 190 0 (OS) . Talbot's Castl e 1946 ; Whipping post , pillor y an d tumbrel, The Hightown, probably adjacen t t o market cross unnamed 1983 , 199 9 (OS). Extant 2000 . Also known as Talbot's Bastion (local (see 16 Trades an d services : marke t place) , sit e unknown. 138 3 (Liber primus, information). 77). Tower, Garden Row , N. end (04505820) . Unnamed 175 8 (Rocque) . Demolishe d by Ducking stool , nea r Green' s Gat e (se e 12 Defence) , sit e unknown . 'Fo r punishin g 1841 (OS). bawdy hoores, cnave s and for scolls' 154 7 (Ainsworth, 19) . Turret, Maudli n S t S . Unname d 175 8 (Rocque) . Turre t 1841 ; unnamed 1871­199 9 'Rogue's post', Irishtown , site unknown. 154 7 (Ainsworth, 19) . (OS). Extan t 2000 . Pillory, Irishtown , near market plac e (se e 16 Trade s an d services : marke t place) , sit e Evan's Turret , Hors e Barrac k Lan e N . Turre t 1841 ; unname d 1871­199 9 (OS) . unknown. 160 6 (Ainsworth, 59). Extant 2000 . Stocks, Irishtown, site unknown. 1547; new stocks erecte d i n 1627 (Ainsworth, 19 , 74). Tower, Lower New St E. Tower 184 1 (OS). Unnamed 1871­199 9 (OS) . Extant 2000. Stocks, Hig h St , at market cross (see 16 Trades and services) . 173 7 (KC M 30.9.1737) . Turret, Abbey St S . (03406110). Unnamed 184 1 (OS). Part extan t 2000 . Courthouse, Abbe y S t N., in church o f former Hol y Trinit y Prior y (se e 11 Religion: Magazine, S t Mary's Lan e E. , in S t Mary's Church (se e 11 Religion). 1690 (Watters , Black Abbe y Church). In use b y 160 3 (Carrigan , iii, 179­80) . Close d i n 1603 ; 1872c, 219). reopened i n 1604; closed in 164 3 (6 Fearghail, 1990 , 198 , 200). Reopened in c. Horse barracks , Wate r Gat e E . Buil t i n c. 170 0 (C B 16.9.1698 , 5.4.1700) ; 175 8 1650; 169 8 (Carrigan, iii, 179). (Rocque). Extended in 175 8 (KCM 20.5.1758) ; 178 7 (FU 24.3.1787) . Closed in Courthouse, Parliamen t S t E. , i n forme r uppe r par t o f Count y Gao l (q.v.). Count y c. 180 0 on construction of infantry barracks (q.v.). Ol d cavalry barracks, sol d to Courthouse 178 6 (FU 9.9.1786) . Exterio r balcony an d stair s buil t in early 19t h corporation fo r £200 i n 182 9 (KCM 12.5.1829). Old horse barracks 184 1 (OS), cent. (Carrigan , iii, 70); 184 1 (OS) . Courthouse 1871­199 9 (OS) . Se e als o 21 1872 (Val . 2) . In ruins 1900 ; demolished, replaced b y ballroom by 194 6 (OS). Entertainment: theatre . Horse barracks , D e Loughr y Plac e E. , in former foundlin g hospital (se e 19 Health). Mint, location unknown. 164 2 (Carrigan, iii, 24). Horse barrack s 184 1 (OS). Stables and soldiers' quarter s 185 8 (Val . 2) . See als o Mint, location unknown. To be built 164 9 (Proceeding s an d papers (5), 159). 13 Administration: auxiliary workhouse. Workhouse, location unknown. 174 4 (KCM 5.1.1744) . Cavalry barracks, James' s Green, sit e unknown. Disused 184 4 (KJ 26.10.1844) . Union Workhouse , Hebro n R d S . Workhous e 1841 ; Union Workhouse : coo k house , Infantry barracks , Joh n S t Lowe r W, o n par t o f sit e o f S t John' s Abbe y (se e 11 dead house , femal e an d mal e hospital , femal e an d mal e school , was h hous e Religion). Foo t barracks , buil t i n c. 170 0 (C B 16.9.1698 , 30.6.1701) . Th e 1871; Unio n Workhouse , hospita l 190 0 (OS) . Kilkenny Count y Hospita l 1926 ; barracks 175 8 (Rocque). Old infantry barrack 176 8 (Prim, 1862 , 168) . Replace d closed in 194 2 (Doyle, 52). Demolished in c. 199 4 (local information). See als o by Evans' s Asylum (se e 22 Residence) by 1818 . 19 Health: Lock Hospital. Infantry barracks, Castlecome r R d E. Opened in 1803, to house 1 infantry company an d Chapel: 186 6 (KM 23.6.1866) , 187 1 (OS). 1 cavalr y troop, total c. 200 men (Mullagh an d Condon, 256). Infantry barracks : Workhouse, Kell s R d S . Workhouse : constabulary , choler a buria l ground , lunati c armourer's shop , barrac k master' s quarters , barrac k master' s stable , canteen , asylum, solitary cells 184 1 (OS). Barrack workhouse 184 6 (Slater). Workhouse , dead house, drying posts, dust shed , engine house, field officers ' quarters , guar d old lunati c asylu m 185 8 (Val . 2). Converted t o militi a store s b y 186 0 (se e 12 house, hospital , kitchens , staf f officers ' quarters , magazine , mes s kitchens , Defence). officers' mess , officers ' quarters , ordnanc e stores , pool , prison , privies , Auxilary workhouse , Joh n S t Lowe r E., o n sit e o f late r constabular y barrac k (q.v.). sergeants' quarters , 2 soldiers ' quarters , stables , stra w store , tur f hous e 184 1 Opened i n 1847 ; 184 9 (Doyle, 98). (OS). Extende d b y 184 9 to house 1 5 officers, 55 8 othe r ranks ; churc h (C. of I.) Auxiliary workhouse , D e Loughry Place E., in horse barracks (se e 12 Defence). 185 0 built i n 185 2 (Mullag h an d Condon , 257 , 259) . Military barracks , artiller y an d (Val. 1) . infantry: armoury, bake house, barrack sergeant' s quarters, canteen , church, cook Constabulary office , Parliamen t St , sit e unknown , perhap s sam e a s constabular y houses, drying posts, engine house, [workshop of] farrier, guard room, gun shed, barracks, Hig h S t W. (q.v.). 183 4 (KJ 8.2.1834) . harness shed , hospital , infirmar y stables , magazine , officers ' mess , officers ' Constabulary, Joh n S t Lowe r W . 184 1 (OS) . Constabular y Count y Offic e 184 6 mess kitchens, 2 officers' quarters, pensioners ' arms , privies, provost cell, school (Slater). master's quarters , skittl e alley , 2 soldiers ' quarters , 2 stables , staf f quarters , Constabulary barracks , High St W. (05356005) . Constabulary Cit y Office 184 6 (Slater). storage barn, 5 stores , turf house , was h houses , weigh house, workshops 187 1 Constabulary barrac k 185 8 (Val . 2) , 1871 (OS). Constabulary barracks , cit y an d (OS). 2 1 officers , 48 4 non­commissione d officer s an d me n 188 4 (Egan , 163) . county, 188 1 (Slater). Close d in c. 190 0 (Phelan, 1968 , 26). Military barrack s 1900­9 9 (OS) . Churc h converte d t o squas h cour t i n 197 0 Constabulary Cit y Office , James' s S t N . (04955985) . 1846 , 185 6 (Slater). Polic e (Mullagh an d Condon, 257). James Stephen's Barracks 2000 . barracks 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1859, 187 6 (KJ 19.10.1859 , 16.12.1876) . Barracks, Patric k S t W., in former Ruth House (se e 22 Residence) . Opene d i n c. 179 8 City High Constable's office, Parliamen t S t W. (05156065) . 185 0 (Val. 1) , 1858 (Val . 2) . (Tighe, 527). Demolished in c. 181 8 (Hogan, 1884 , 20). Constabulary barracks , Maudli n S t N., o n site of former presbytery (se e 2 2 Residence) . Militia stores , Kells Rd S., in former workhouse (se e 13 Administration). Militia store s Police barrack s 185 0 (Val . 1) . Constabular y Count y Offic e 185 6 (Slater) . 1860 (KJ 31.3.1860) , 1871­1900 ; converte d t o sanitoriu m b y 194 6 (OS) . In Constabulary barrack s 187 1 (OS). Closed in c. 187 4 (Val . 2) . commercial us e 2000 . Police barrack, Friar y St N. (05155710). 185 0 (Val . 1) . Constabulary barrack , Joh n S t Lower E., on sit e of former auxiliar y workhouse (q.v. ) 13 Administration (09205980). 1858 ; extende d int o forme r marbl e an d slat e yar d (se e 15 King's exchequer, location unknown. 1299 (Ormond deeds, 1172-1350, 139) . Manufacturing) by 186 2 (Val . 2.) . Constabulary barracks , cit y an d county 1881, 1894 (Slater). Constabular y Barrac k 1871 , 1900; unnamed 194 6 (OS). Gallows, nea r Kilkenn y Castl e (se e 12 Defence) , sit e unknown . Inferre d fro m L e Police barrack, Castlecome r Ne w Rd N., sit e unknown. Closed in c. 186 1 (Val . 2) . Gibetmede c. 130 0 (see 14 Primary production). Constabulary barracks , cit y an d county, Dean S t S . (03506260). Constabulary barrack s Gallows, John' s Green , sit e unknown . Gallow s 164 1 (Healy , appendix , 80) . 'Sit e o f 1864 (Val . 2) , 1881, 1894 (Slater). Unname d 187 1 (OS). Closed in c. 189 5 (Val. hangings' 183 1 (KJ 6.4.1831). 2). Gallows, Walkin's Green, sit e unknown. 1725 (KCM 26.3.1725) . Constabulary barrack , Parliamen t S t E., in former inland revenue office (q.v.). Opene d Gallows, Gallow's Hill, 1 km S. of city. Gallow's Hill 175 0 ('Kilkenny deeds', 393). Irish Historic Townsin c. 189Atlas4 (Val . 2) ; 190 0 (OS) . Police barracks c. 192 0 (Lanigan and Tyler, 82). Gallows, Patrick St W. (06755680). 179 8 (Phelan an d Lanigan, 27). Royal Irish AcademyUnnamed 1946­8 3 (OS) . I n commercial use 2000 . Tholsel, High S t W, o n sit e of later Victoria Hotel (see 16 Trades and services) . Stallag e Post office, locatio n unknown. Edmond Cronyn 178 8 (FU 8.3.1788) . house 130 7 (Cal. doc. Ire., 1302-7, 187) . Tholsel, venue of hundred cour t 1383 ; Post office, Pos t Office Sq . (06755660). 184 0 (KJ 13.6.1840) , 184 4 (KCM 1.10.1844) . stone tholsel completed in 1507; great chamber built, stone gate added i n 151 7 (Liber Closed in 1886 (Phelan, 1960­61 , 49), moved to High S t E. (see nex t entry). primus, 67 , 132 , 138­9) . Old Tholsel 161 4 (Hogan, 1884 , 270). 4 shops under old Post office, Hig h S t E. Opened i n 1886 , rebuilt in c. 196 0 (Phelan, 1960­61 , 49). Post tholsel 162 8 (Ledwich, 402); 178 9 (FU 6.5.1789) . Demolished in c. 179 5 (Hogan, office 1900­9 9 (OS) . 1884, 270­73). See also below, City Gaol. Post office, Patric k S t W. (06755660). 187 1 (OS). Gaol: 1383 , 139 8 (Liber primus, 76 , 78­9, 39). Collector's office , S t Kieran' s St , sit e unknown . 181 5 (KM 28.1.1815) , 183 6 (KJ Town clock: probably on tholsel 144 8 (Liber primus, 83) . 30.1.1836). Tholsel, Hig h S t E . Ne w courthouse , venu e o f hundre d cour t 1579 ; ne w tholse l o r Stamp office , Hig h St , site unknown. 184 0 (KJ 26.2.1840) , 184 6 (Slater). courthouse 160 9 (Hogan, 1884, 274). Rebuilt in 1695 (CB 17.1.1695,13.8.1695); c. Stamp office , Joh n St , site unknown. 185 6 (Slater). 1698 (Place), 175 8 (Rocque). Demolished in 1760; replaced by new tholsel in 1761 Stamp office , Parliamen t St , sit e unknown. 188 1 (Slater). (Hogan, 1884 , 275, 281). Cupola taken down for rebuilding in 1790; new or tholsel Arms registry office, Willia m S t N. (05055790). 184 3 (KJ 25.11.1843) . courthouse 181 6 (KC M 5.11.1790 , 29.9.1816) . Assembl y room s 178 6 (FU Citizens' loa n office, Willia m St , sit e unknown. 184 6 (Slater). 29.11.1786), 183 8 (KJ 12.12.1838) , 188 4 (Bassett , 53) . Tholsel , mayor' s offic e Citizens' loa n office, Hig h St , sit e unknown. 185 6 (Slater). 1841; tholse l 1871­1946; town hall 1983­9 9 (OS). See als o 16 Trades and services : Inland revenu e office, Parliamen t S t E. (04856180). 185 8 (Val . 2). Closed in c. 1894 , market house; 20 Education: Mr Talbot's school. converted t o constabulary barrac k (q.v.). Clock: 173 5 (KC M 7.10.1735); bel l an d cloc k 175 0 (Hogan , 1880 , 245) ; ne w cloc k Inland revenu e office , Th e Parad e S. , i n forme r Athenaeu m Clu b (se e 21 installed in 187 5 (Bassett, 53). Entertainment). 1891­191 0 (Val . 2) . Shire Hall, The Parade N., sit e unknown. Implicit in Shirehall Garden 143 5 (see 14 Primary Relief office , Friar y St S . (05005685). 1858 ; closed in c. 187 1 (Val . 2) . production). See als o 12 Defence: castle . Income tax office, John' s Quay E. (07955975). 1868 ; closed in c. 187 3 (Val. 2). Gaol, Irishtown, near St Canice's Cathedral (se e 11 Religion), site unknown. Church prison Probate office, Patric k St E. (07005670). 1873 , 187 7 (Val . 2) . 1324 (Wright , 37) . 'Th e lowe r dungeon ' 1567 , 1626 ; Irishtow n Gao l 162 5 (Ainsworth, 32, 72). 14 Primary production County Gaol , Parliament S t E. , i n Grace' s Castl e (se e 12 Defence) . Castl e give n t o Gardens: corporation for use a s gaol by James Grace in 1566 (Cal. pat. rolls Ire., 1509-1603, John St , site unknown. 130 7 (Cal. doc. Ire., 1302-7, 187) . 522). Shir e Gaol, Talbot's Castle 163 7 (Carrigan, iii, 70). County Gaol 170 8 (Pratt), 2, Castl e Rd , nea r Castl e Gat e (se e 12 Defence) , site s unknown. 15t h cent . (Liber 1735 (KC M 24.9.1735) , 175 8 (Rocque) . Uppe r par t remodelle d a s Count y primus, 88) . Courthouse (q.v.) by 1792 . To be closed 180 0 (Tighe, 519). Lower part converted to 3, John St , sites unknown. 15t h cent. (Liber primus, 86) . City Gaol by 182 4 (see nex t entry). 3, Castle Rd, sites unknown. Mid 15th cent. (Liber primus, 84) . City Gaol, Parliament S t E., in lower part of former County Gaol (see previous entry). City Shirehall Garden , Th e Parad e N. , nea r Kilkenn y Castl e (se e 12 Defence) , sit e Gaol 182 4 (Pigot). Cit y Gaol: debtors' airin g ground, women's airin g ground 1841; unknown. 143 5 (Ormond deeds, 1413-1509, 114) . Se e als o 13 Administration: converted to bridewell (see nex t entry) by 187 1 (OS). Shire Hall) . Bridewell, Parliament S t E., in City Gaol (see previou s entry). Bridewell 1871­194 6 (OS) . 2, Walki n St , sites unknown. Mid 15th cent. (Liber primus, 84) . Old bridewel l 188 4 (Bassett, 70). 2, adjacen t t o John's Green, site s unknown. 149 6 (Liber primus, 105) . County Gaol, Abbey S t N. , i n former Holy Trinit y Prior y (see 11 Religion: Black Abbey 2, 'i n the Gree n Heys ' (g.v.) , sites unknown. 150 2 (Liber primus, 123) . Church), associated with courthouse (q.v.). Count y Gaol 160 9 (Neely, 1989, 30). 5, Abbey St, sites unknown. 162 8 (Ledwich, 407, 409). City Gaol, location unknown, perhaps in former tholsel, High S t W. (q.v.). Cit y Gaol 162 5 Black Mil l St , 'a t th e Blac k Mill ' (se e 15 Manufacturing) , sit e unknown . 162 8 (Ainsworth, 71). (Ledwich, 406). 3, High Hayes (q.v.), site s unknown. 162 8 (Ledwich, 406), c. 166 0 (Marescaux, 50) . Orchard Lane, W. end (03355665) . 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1859, 187 4 (Val . 2) . Infirmary garden , Maudli n St , sit e unknown. 162 8 (Ledwich, 405). Walkin St , sit e unknown. 1858 , 188 9 (Val . 2) . John St , near St John's Gate (see 12 Defence), sit e unknown. 162 8 (Ledwich, 407). Black Mill St , sit e unknown. 186 4 (Val . 2) . 2, Joh n S t Lower W., S. of St John's Abbey (se e 11 Religion), sites unknown. 162 8 Fishing weir , R . Nore , associate d wit h Archer' s Grov e Flou r Mill s (se e 15 (Ledwich, 404). Manufacturing), 1.2 5 k m E. of city. Fishin g weir 165 4 (CS). Wei r 194 2 (OS) . 4, Joh n S t Lower E., sites unknown. 162 8 (Ledwich, 405). Fish pond, Wolfe Ton e S t N. (09606415). Roach pon d 1835 ; 'Roac h pon d field' 185 3 John S t Upper, o n the common (q.v.), sit e unknown. 162 8 (Ledwich , 403). (KJ 28.10.1835 , 23.11.1853) . John S t Upper , adjacen t t o S t John' s Gat e (se e 12 Defence) , sit e unknown . 162 8 Nurseries! (Ledwich, 405). Cootes Lane N. Nursery 184 1 (OS), 185 0 (Val . 1) , 186 5 (Val . 2) . 6, John S t Upper W., sites unknown. 162 8 (Ledwich, 405). Cootes Lane S . Nursery, combined with orchar d (q.v.) 1841 ; nursery 187 1 (OS). Maudlin St , adjacent t o infirmary garde n (q.v.), sit e unknown. 162 8 (Ledwich, 406). Lower New S t W. Nursery 1841 , 1871 (OS). Maudlin St , adjacen t t o Maudlin Mills (se e 15 Manufacturing), site unknown. 162 8 Lower New S t W. Nursery, combined wit h orchar d (q.v.) 1841 , 1871 (OS). Nursery (Ledwich, 405). 1850 (Val . 1) , 1900 (OS). 2, Michae l St, site s unknown. 162 8 (Ledwich, 401). Garden Ro w W. (04105765). 187 1 (OS), 1877 , 189 1 (Val . 2) . Mill St , location unknown. 162 8 (Ledwich, 401). Gravel pits: Standart Garden , locatio n unknown. 162 8 (Ledwich, 401). Castlecomer R d E. Disused 184 1 (OS). Several gardens , Abbey St, near Black Freren Gate (see 12 Defence), site s unknown. College Rd N. 1841 (OS), 185 8 (Val. 2). c. 163 3 (Ledwich, 409, 411). 2, Ne w Rd N. 184 1 (OS). Bowce's Lane , sit e unknown, c. 163 3 (Ledwich , 410). Nuncio Rd E. 184 1 (OS). Hay Hil l Garden , locatio n unknown, c. 163 3 (Ledwich , 409). Cootes LaneS. 184 3 (OS). Irishtown, sit e unknown, c. 163 3 (Ledwich, 409). Blind Boree n W. (97605620). 187 1 (OS). James's St N., sit e unknown, c. 163 3 (Ledwich , 410). Dublin Rd N., 0.2 5 km E. of city. 1871 ; unnamed 190 0 (OS). 5, John St , site s unknown, c. 163 3 (Ledwich, 411). Ballybought S t E. (13406775). 1900 ; disused 194 6 (OS). New Building s Lane S. , besid e Tilbur y Towe r (se e 12 Defence) , sit e unknown , c. Green's Hill E. (05806695). 190 0 (OS). 1633 (Ledwich, 411). Water Barrack N. (00006150). 190 0 (OS). Vicar St , besid e Troy' s Gat e (se e 12 Defence) , sit e unknown , c. 163 3 (Ledwich, Wolfe Ton e S t E. (09256335). Disused 190 0 (OS). 409). 2, Wolf e Ton e S t W. (07656350, 07906275) . 190 0 (OS). Walkin S t N., adjacent t o S t Rock' s graveyar d (se e 11 Religion), site unknown , c. Sand pits: 1633 (Ledwich, 411). Castlecomer Ne w Rd N. Disused 184 1 (OS). New Garden , locatio n unknown. 164 1 (Healy, appendix, 82) . Castlecomer Ne w Rd S . 184 1 (OS). Purtill's garden, locatio n unknown. 164 1 (Healy, appendix, 84) . New R d N. 1841; disused 1871 ; gravel pits 190 0 (OS). Tinon's garden , locatio n unknown , probabl y i n S t John' s parish . 164 1 (Healy , New R d S . 184 1 (OS). Disused 185 8 (Val. 2). appendix, 84) . 2, Coote s Lane N. (02754885, 03204930) . 1871 ; disused 190 0 (OS). Cursed Garden , Michae l St E. (08606200). c. 165 5 (DS). 2, Kenny' s Well Rd S . (00205950 , 00405940) . 187 1 (OS). Meadows: Le Gibetmede , nea r Kilkenny Castl e (se e 12 Defence), sit e unknown. 7 acres 130 7 15 Manufacturing (Cal. doc. Ire., 1302-7, 187) . 1 1 acres 137 5 (Ormond deeds, 1350-1413, 141) , Castle Mills , Cana l Wal k N., on sit e of later Ormond e Woolle n Mills (se e nex t entry). 1434 (Ormond deeds, 1413-1509, 37) . Mills 120 7 (Liber primus, 73) , 130 7 (Cal. doc. Ire., 1302-7, 187) . 2 corn mills , Le Burtown e Hey, location unknown. 137 5 (Ormond deeds, 1350-1413, 141) , 143 4 tuck mil l 165 4 (CS); c. 169 8 (Place) . Castl e Mill s 175 8 (Rocque) ; c. 176 0 (Ormond deeds, 1413-1509, 110) , 154 3 (Ormond deeds, 1509^7, 251) . (Mitchell). Corn mill 178 8 (FU 5.3.1788) . Portebrygge, locatio n unknown , probabl y nea r John' s Bridg e (se e 17 Transport) . Weir: 'wei r of the Nore ' 143 4 (Ormond deeds, 1413-1509, 110) ; c. 169 8 (Place) , c. Field 1393 , 1432 ; meadow c. 145 0 (Liber primus, 70 , 86, 84). 1760 (Mitchell); weir 1841­1999 (OS) . Long Mede, location unknown. 1448­9 (Liber primus, 83) . Bridges, 2: 1841 , unnamed 1871­194 6 (OS) . Extant 2000. Medoc Heyes , locatio n unknown. 148 6 (Ormond deeds, 1413-1509, 184) . Mill stream : unnamed 1841­1900 ; mill strea m 1946 ; unnamed 198 3 (OS). Extant 2000. Green Heys , S t John' s parish , sit e unknown . 150 2 (Liber primus, 123) , 152 7 Ormonde Woolle n Mills, Cana l Wal k N., on sit e o f earlie r Castl e Mill s (se e previou s (Watters, 1872c , 206). entry). Ormon d Mill s 182 4 (Pigot). Ormond e Woolle n Mills 1841­194 6 (OS) . Black Mil l Meadow , near Black Mills (se e 15 Manufacturing), site unknown. 160 5 Closed in c. 1868 ; reopened i n 1880 (Bassett, 66). Destroyed by fire in 1969 (local (Ainsworth, 55). information). In ruins 2000. High Hayes , Dubli n R d N . (12506120) . 162 8 (Ledwich , 407) , 164 1 (Healy , Maudlin Mills, Maudlin S t S . Implicit in mill rac e c. 122 3 (se e below) . Mills 130 7 (Cal. appendix, 84) . doc. Ire., 1302-7, 187) . Maudlin Mil l 1425 , grante d t o S t John's Priory (se e 11 Levy Acre, location unknown. 162 8 (Ledwich, 407). Religion: S t John's Abbey) in 143 4 (Ormond deeds, 1413-1509, 48 , 105) . Water Prior's meadow , locatio n unknown. 162 8 (Ledwich, 406). mill 154 1 (Extents Ir. mon. possessions, 178) . Maudlin Mills, corn mills 165 4 (CS); c. 169 8 (Place) , c. 176 0 (Mitchell). 'Note d mill an d concerns' 1792 ; new boltin g Syrman's Hayes , Joh n S t Upper, sit e unknown. 162 8 (Ledwich, 404). mill an d tuc k mil l 179 6 (FU 14.7.1792 , 26.10.1796) . Boltin g mill , starc h yar d Low Hayes , Hebro n Rd, site unknown. 164 1 (Healy, appendix, 84) . 1809 (U 16.8.1809) . Flour mill 184 1 (OS). Mill wit h 2 water wheels, starc h yard Dancing Meadow, Bennettsbridge R d N., 0.2 5 km S.E. of city. c. 165 5 (DS). 1842 (KJ 1.6.1842) . Flour mills 187 1 (OS). Closed, converted to saw mill (q.v.) by Mauren Meadow, Walkin S t S . (00105150) . c. 165 5 (DS). 1874 (Val . 2) . College Meadow, John S t Lower E. (10455865). 176 5 ('Kilkenn y deeds', 396). Se e Mill race , R. Nore, E. bank, from 0. 5 km N. of city, shared with mill, John S t Lower E. also 12 Defence: Kilkenn y Castle , castl e demesne. (q.v.): smal l watercours e c. 122 3 (Carrigan , iii, 248); 'Bakwater ' 143 0 (Lawlor , Bishop's meadows , 0.2 5 k m N. of city. Bishop' s meadow s 178 7 (FLJ 31.1.1787) , 191); unname d 170 8 (Pratt) ; The Lak e 175 8 (Rocque) ; Th e Sli p 1841 ; mill rac e 1884 (Egan, 112) . 1871­1900; S . section closed by 194 6 (OS). Common turbary , location unknown. 139 3 (Liber primus, 70) . Weir: covered dam 1841 ; weir 1871­1999 (OS) . Littlekiller Bog, Waterford Rd W. (07954920). c. 165 5 (DS). Archers Grov e Flou r Mills, 1.2 5 k m E. of city . Mill s 130 7 (Cal. doc. Ire., 1302-7, Greens and parks : 187). L e Stonmylls , 2 mill s wit h wate r cours e 141 6 (Ormond deeds, John's Green , o n sit e o f late r Gallow' s Gree n (se e 10 Streets) . Th e Gren e 149 6 1413-1509, 13) . Stonmyl e 148 2 (Liber primus, 86) . Ston e Mill s 165 4 (CS). (Liber primus, 105) . The Green 162 8 (Ledwich, 401). Unnamed c. 165 5 (DS) . Archersgrove Flou r Mill s 184 2 (OS) . Arche s Grov e Grey Frere n park , Wate r Gat e E. , associate d wit h S t Francis ' Abbe y (se e 12 and Maddox Town Mills 1846 , 1856 ; Archers Grove Mills 189 4 (Slater). Flou r Religion), sit e unknown, c. 163 3 (Ledwich, 409­10). mills, disuse d 188 4 (Bassett , 55) . Converte d t o Archer s Grov e Sa w Mill s b y The Butts , Water Barrac k N. (00606265). 164 1 (Healy , appendix, 86) . Se e als o 10 1903 (OS). Also known as Fennessy's mill c. 195 0 (local information). Derelict Streets. 2000. Se e als o below , Willia m Fennel' s mill ; 14 Primar y production : fishin g James' park, Grang e R d E., 0.25 km N. of city. 164 1 (Healy, appendix, 84) . weir. St James ' Green , Kickha m St N., on sit e o f late r James' s Gree n (se e 10 Streets) . Archers Mills, Cana l Walk N., 0.2 5 km E. of city, on site of later Dullard's Mill (q.v.). 1641 (Healy, appendix, 86) . Commons of St James' Gree n 171 2 (CB 9.9.1712). Mills 130 7 (Cal. doc. Ire., 1302-7, 187) . Archers Mills, 2 corn mills, tuck mil l Walkin's Green , Walki n S t N., on sitIrishe o f later Walkin' HistoricRoyals Green (se e 10 Streets) Irish. S t Towns Academy1654 (CS). Atlas Rock's Gree n 164 1 (Healy, appendix, 86) . Walkin's Green (C B 9.9.1712) . New Park , Ne w Rd N., 0.2 5 k m N.E. of city. c. 165 5 (DS). Park, Freshfor d R d E., 0.25 km N.E. of city. James Dowlan c. 165 5 (DS). Robert Rooth' s parks , Parnel l S t W. (00205780). c. 165 5 (DS). Whits Park , Dubli n R d N., 0.2 5 km N.E. of city. c. 165 5 (DS). Town parks, Ormond e Rd , site unknown, probably adjoining Talbot's Castle (se e 12 Defence). 183 3 (KJ 28.8.1833) . Quarries: Black Quarry , blac k limestone , 1 km S . o f city . Commo n quarr y 150 9 (Ormond deeds, 1413-1509, 338) . Blac k Quarr y 165 4 (CS), 179 2 (FLJ 14.4.1792) . Kilkenny marbl e quarries 183 7 (Lewis, ii, 110); 184 2 (OS). Black Quarry 188 4 (Bassett, 67) . Quarrie s 190 3 (OS) . Blac k Quarry ; infille d i n c. 198 5 (loca l Quarry information). Dublin Rd S. , 1.2 5 k m S.E. of city. c. 162 0 (Carrigan, iii, 3). Limestone, nea r S t Patrick' s Gat e (se e 12 Defence) , sit e unknown . Opene d i n c. 1800 (Tighe, 109) , perhaps same as nex t entry . Limestone, Kell s R d N . Quarr y 183 6 (KM 1.10.1836) , 184 3 (OS) , 184 6 (KJ 14.4.1846). Se e als o previous entry . Canal Walk S . (13355725). Unnamed 1841 ; disused 1871­194 6 (OS) . Circular Rd N., 0. 5 km E. of city. Gravel pit 1841; quarry 184 3 (OS) . Kells Rd E. (05654790). 184 3 (OS). Common, John S t Upper W., outside S t John's Gate (se e 12 Defence), sit e unknown. 1628 (Ledwich, 404). Great Croft , Joh n S t Upper , sit e unknown . 162 8 (Ledwich , 405) , 164 1 (Healy , appendix, 82) . Thieves Croft , Ne w Rd S . (08206540) . c. 165 5 (DS). Orchards: New Orchard , 1.5k m N.E. of city. 164 1 (Healy, appendix, 82) . Chancellor's orchard , Vica r S t E . (04956410) . 165 4 (CS), 178 1 (Ledwich , 486), 1843 (KJ 17.5.1843) . Prior's orchard, John's Quay E. (08156015). 1694 , 170 4 (CB 25.1.1694, 30.5.1704) , 1832 (KJ 14.1.1832) . Se e als o 11 Religion : St John' s Abbey ; 22 Residence : Prior's Orchard . Cootes Lane S . Orchard, combined wit h nurser y (q.v.) 184 1 (OS). Lower New S t W. Orchard 1841­190 0 (OS) . Lower New S t W. Orchard, combined with nurser y (q.v.) 1841 , 1871 (OS). King's Lane, E. end (06905980) . 185 0 (Val . 1) , 185 8 (Val. 2). Chancellor's Mills , S t Francis' Abbe y and Evan's Turret from th e north, c. 180 0 (Robertson ) Jenkin's Mill , Parliamen t S t E., site unknown. Mills 130 7 (Cal. doc. Ire., 1302-7, 187) . St Kieran's S t W. (06705870). 1846 , 185 6 (Slater), 185 0 (Val . 1) . Towyn Myl e 142 5 (Ormond deeds, 1413-1509, 48) . Jenkin' s Mil l 153 7 Walkin St , sit e unknown. Hart Darby 184 6 (Slater). (Waiters, 1881 , no. 115) . Gynkin s Mil l 159 2 (KC A CR/I/24). Jenkin's Mil l James's St S . (04755960) . 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1856 (Slater). 1628 (Ledwich , 400) , c. 166 0 (Marescaux , 548) , 170 1 (C B 27.5.1701) , 172 4 Walkin St , sit e unknown. Daniel Henesey 185 6 (Slater). (KCM 12.12.1724) . Wolfe Ton e S t E. (10256215). 1858 ; closed in c. 186 8 (Val . 2) . Lacken Cor n Mills , Dubli n R d S. , 0.2 5 k m E . o f city . Mill s 130 7 (Cal. doc. Ire., Vicar S t E. (03956430). 1858 ; closed by c. 186 5 (Val . 2). 1302-7, 187) . Lackings Mills, 2 corn mills and 1 tuck mill unde r on e roof 165 4 Troy's Gate E. (03606595). 186 1 (Val. 2). (CS). Lacke n Mill s 182 4 (Pigot). Flou r mill s 184 2 (OS) . Burn t i n c. 1860 ; Michael S t E. (07656200). 1864 ; closed b y c. 188 2 (Val . 2) . rebuilt i n 1878 ; 3 mills fo r flour , India n corn an d oatmea l 188 4 (Bassett , 40) . Seminary Lan e E. (11205960). 186 4 (Val . 2) . Lacken Mill s 1871 ; Lacken Cor n Mill s 1900 ; disuse d 1946 ; unname d 199 9 Patrick S t Upper W. (07755185). 186 5 (Val. 2). 1871 (OS). (OS). I n ruins 2000 . Horse Barrac k Lan e N., in part of former starc h factor y (q.v.). 1869­190 1 (Val . 2), Weir an d sluice : weir 1843 , 1871 ; weir and sluic e 190 0 (OS), 2000. 1871 (OS). Bishop's Mills , Greensbridg e S t W . (06106470) . Mill s 1398 ; bishop' s mil l 143 0 Lord Edwar d S t S. , 0.2 5 k m W. of city. 1871 ; closed in c. 187 5 (Val . 2) . (Lawlor, 191) . Bishop' s Mills , 2 cor n mill s 165 4 (CS). Unname d 175 8 Parnell S t W. (03455745). 187 1 (OS). (Rocque), 184 1 (OS) . 2 cor n mill s 185 8 (Val . 2), 1871 ; corn mil l 1900^16 ; 2, Friar y St N. (05155725, 05205740). 187 1 (OS). demolished b y 198 3 (OS). Castlecomer R d E. (08306840). 187 7 (Val . 2) . Weir and tai l race: unnamed 175 8 (Rocque) , 1841 ; weir 1946­99 (OS) . Walkin S t S . (03755570) . 1878­191 0 (Val . 2) . Chancellor's Mills , Vicar St E. Mills 139 8 (Lawlor, 191) . Helias Corn Mill 165 4 (CS). Friary St , sit e unknown. Robert Doyle 1881 (Slater), 188 4 (Bassett , 141) . Unnamed 175 8 (Rocque) . Gris t mill s 179 8 (FU 10.11.1798) . Chancellor' s Irishtown W., in part of stone and marble works (q.v.). 1881 , 1894 (Slater). Mills 1830 ; Chancellor' s Mills , grist , tuc k an d spinnin g mills , weighbridg e Irishtown, sit e unknown . Jame s Bett s 188 1 (Slater). Pete r Betts , nailo r 188 4 1841 (KJ 24.3.1830, 31.7.1841) . Corn mill 1841­1900 ; extended , incorporating (Bassett, 137) . Chancellor's Woolle n Factory (4.v. ) by 1946 ; demolished b y 198 3 (OS). James's Green, sit e unknown. Patrick Phelan 188 1 (Slater), 188 4 (Bassett , 141) . Weir: unnamed 1841 , 1871; weir 190 0 (OS). John S t Lower W. (09006000). 1881 , 189 4 (Slater). Kiln: 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1858­91 (Val . 2) . Parliament St , sit e unknown. Thomas Hughe s 1881 , 1894 (Slater). Black Mills, Blac k Mill S t N. Blake Fryers Mylle 154 1 (Extents Ir. mon. possessions, John's Green, sit e unknown. Richard Commons 188 1 (Slater). 119). Blac k Mill 162 8 (Ledwich, 406). Corn mill 165 4 (CS). Blac k Mills 175 8 Walkin St , sit e unknown. Michael Duggan 188 1 (Slater). (Rocque). Gris t or cor n mil l 178 8 (FU 25.6.1788) . Blac k Mills (flour ) 1841 , Jacob St N. (06655345). 1882 ; closed in c. 189 5 (Val . 2). 1871 (OS). Closed, converte d t o Black Saw Mil l (q.v.) i n c. 187 3 (Val . 2) . Wolfe Ton e S t W. (09956220). 1882 , 189 3 (Val . 2), 189 4 (Slater). Mill pond , fed by channel fro m Breagag h R. : 1841 , 1871 (OS). Abbey St , sit e unknown. Thomas Lannon , nailor 188 4 (Bassett , 137) . Sluice: 1841­190 0 (OS) . Chapel Lane , sit e unknown. William Burke, tin smith 188 4 (Bassett , 86) . Kiln: 185 0 (Val . 1) . Chapel Lane , sit e unknown. William Scot t 188 4 (Bassett, 117) . St Francis' Abbe y Corn Mill, Wate r Gate E., part of St Francis' Abbe y Brewery (q.v.). High S t E. (05556005). 188 4 (Egan, 139) . Grefryrs Myll e 154 1 (Extents Ir. mon. possessions, 200) . Edmund Smithwick, Horse Barrac k Lane, sit e unknown. Peter Dowling 188 4 (Bassett , 141) . oatmeal miller , 1846 . 185 6 (Slater). Cor n mill 185 0 (Val . 1), 1858­191 0 (Val. Horse Barrack Lane, sit e unknown. Patrick Hennebery 188 4 (Bassett, 141) . 2). John's Green, sit e unknown. Laurence Connell y 188 4 (Bassett , 141) . Mill race , from Breagag h R. , Water Gat e W. to R. Nore: water course , propert y of John's Green , sit e unknown , perhap s sam e a s Castlecome r R d E . (q.v.). Jame s St Francis' Abbe y (se e 11 Religion) 154 0 (Carrigan , iii, 107); 175 8 (Rocque) ; Moran 188 4 (Bassett , 110) . mill rac e 1841­194 6 (OS) . Lord Edwar d St, sit e unknown. William Dunn e 188 4 (Bassett, 95) . Sluice: Brewery Lane W. 184 1 (OS). Maudlin St , sit e unknown. John Neary , nailor 188 4 (Bassett, 137) . Sluice: Water Gate W. 1841, 1871 (OS). Maudlin St , sit e unknown. Luke King, nailor 188 4 (Bassett , 137) . Grine's Mill , locatio n unknown, possibly o n same site a s late r Greensbridg e Woolle n Maudlin St , sit e unknown. Patrick Neill 188 4 (Bassett , 141) . Mill (q.v.). 156 5 (Ainsworth , 25). Michael St , sit e unknown. John Dugga n 188 4 (Bassett, 141) . Vicar's Mill , locatio n unknown, possibly o n sam e sit e a s late r Chancellor' s Woollen Parliament S t W. (04456110). 188 4 (Bassett, 92) . Factory (q.v.). 156 5 (Ainsworth, 25). St Canice's Place, site unknown. James Kelly 188 4 (Bassett , 105) . Priest's Corn Mill, R . Nore, 1 km N. of city. Priest's Corn Mill 165 4 (CS) . Unname d St Kieran's St , sit e unknown. Patrick Toomy, tin smith 188 4 (Bassett , 121) . c. 165 5 (DS). With bolting mil l 178 8 (FU 21.5.1788) . Michael St , sit e unknown . Joh n Nei l o r O'Neil l 189 3 (KJ 21.10.1893) , 189 4 Robert's Mills , Breagag h R. , 0. 5 k m W. of city. 2 corn mills 165 4 (CS). Unname d c. (Slater). 1655 (DS). Maudlin St , sit e unknown. Patrick Gray 189 4 (Slater). William Fennel' s mill , R . Nore, 1 km S . o f city, nea r Black Quarry (se e 14 Primary Parliament St , sit e unknown. Edward O'Brien 189 4 (Slater). production), probabl y sam e a s Archer s Grov e Flou r Mill s (q.v.). 179 2 (FU Parliament St , sit e unknown. James Phelan 189 4 (Slater). 14.4.1792). Walkin St , sit e unknown. Patrick Foley 189 4 (Slater). Mill, Maudlin St , site unknown. Coyne and Madigan 182 4 (Pigot). Flou r mill 184 2 (KJ Water Gate, sit e unknown. James Beatts 189 4 (Slater). 1.1.1842). Barrack Lane W. (08806010). 190 0 (OS). Mill, Maudli n St , sit e unknown . Jame s Kell y 182 4 (Pigot). Flou r mil l 184 2 (KJ Maudlin S t N. (10006045). 190 0 (OS). 1.1.1842). Distilleries: Mill, Joh n S t Lowe r E . Mill , wit h sluic e an d whee l o n Th e Slip , associate d wit h Irishtown, sit e unknown. 'For aquavita' 153 8 (Ainsworth, 7). distillery (q.v.). 184 1 (OS). 8, locations unknown. 178 2 (Dickson, 342). Mill race , R. Nore, E. bank, from 0. 5 km N. of city, shared with Maudlin Mills (q.v.). John S t Lower E., associated with mil l (q.v.). Distiller y an d brewery 178 7 (Halpin , Mill, oatmeal , Vicar St, sit e unknown. Michael J. Costello 184 6 (Slater). 583). Distiller y an d store s 1790 , distiller y an d brewer y 1792 ; distiller y an d Mill, Dea n S t S . (01706150). 186 4 (KM 6.2.1864) . horse mill 179 8 (FU 4.8.1790 , 4.1.1792, 5.9.1798) . Distillery, malt houses and Bark mill, Joh n St , site unknown. 1654 (CS). horse mil l 180 4 (U 25.7.1804 , 25.8.1804) . Cormack' s distiller y 183 5 (KM Bolting mill , nea r Green's Bridg e (se e 17 Transport) , sit e unknown , perhaps par t of 31.10.1835). Distiller y 184 1 (OS) . Cormack' s distillery , destroye d b y fir e i n Bishop's Mill s (q.v.). 180 2 (U 6.2.1802) . 1844 (KJ 20.11.1844) . Converted t o marble an d slate yard (q.v.) b y 1856 . Greensbridge Woolle n Mill, Greensbridg e S t W . Woollen mill 183 5 (KJ 6.6.1835) . Dean St , sit e unknown. Thomas Bibb y 178 7 (Halpin , 583). Greensbridge Tuc k Mills 1841 , 187 1 (OS) . Woollen factory 1846­8 1 (Slater), Parliament S t W . (05106040) . Distiller y 181 0 (U 24.3.1810) . Part s converte d t o 1873 (Val. 2). Greensbridge Woolle n Mill 1900 ; in ruins 1946 ; demolished b y malt house (q.v.), cor n store (se e 16 Trades and services ) b y 1812 . 1983 (OS). Parliament S t E. , o n sit e o f later S t Francis ' Abbe y Brewer y (q.v.). 182 4 (Pigot). Weir and tai l race : unnamed 175 8 (Rocque) , 1841 ; weir 1946­9 9 (OS) . Distillery, mal t house , cor n store s an d wate r mil l 182 7 (KM 24.1.1827) . Sluice: 1900 , 194 6 (OS). Incorporated i n S t Francis ' Abbe y Brewer y (q.v.) i n 182 7 (Halpin , 587) . Woollen mill , Vica r S t E . Woollen factory 1841 , 1871 ; woollen mill 1900 ; i n ruins Location unknown . Rectifyin g distiller y 182 9 (KM 12.8.1829) . 1946­99 (OS) , 2000. Mount Eagl e distiller y stores , S t Kieran' s St , opposit e collector' s offic e (se e 13 Woollen mills , 2 , Troy's Gate E. (03606540, 03606545) . 1857­6 0 (Val . 2) . Administration), sit e unknown. Andrew O'Donnell 183 6 (KJ 30.1.1836) . Dullard's Mill , Cana l Wal k N. , 0.2Irish5 k m E . of city , oHistoricRoyaln sit e o f earlie r Archer Irishs Mill Townss AcademyFriary S t NAtlas. (04655680). 184 6 (Slater), 185 0 (Val . 1) . (q.v.). Dullard' s Mill 189 0 (KM 5.4.1890) . Saw pit, Irishtown E. (04456275). 160 6 (Ainsworth, 59). Weir: 1900­9 9 (OS) . Saw pit, Butt's Gree n S . (00906225) . 187 1 (OS). Kiln, tile , near St Canice's Cathedral (se e 12 Religion), site unknown. Late 13th­earl y Malt houses : 14th cent . (Grave s an d Prim, 78). High S t W., on site of part of later James's St Brewery N. (q.v.). 165 4 (CS). Kiln, Abbe y St , nea r choir of Black Abbey Church (se e 12 Religion), sit e unknown. John St , sit e unknown. 165 4 (CS), c. 166 0 (Marescaux, 550) . 1628 (Ledwich , 407). Irishtown, sit e unknown, c. 166 0 (Marescaux, 550) . Converted t o Dominican friar y Kiln, Castl e Rd , nea r Castl e Gat e (se e 12 Defence) , sit e unknown . 162 8 (Ledwich , (see 11 Religion) by 1731 . 407). 2, location s unknown, c. 166 0 (Marescaux, 548­9) . Kiln, corn , Abbey St W. 1841 (OS). Near Jenkin' s Mil l (q.v.), sit e unknown, c. 166 0 (Marescaux, 548) . Forges and smithies : St Kieran's S t W., site unknown, c. 166 0 (Marescaux, 545) . Town forge , Th e Parade , nea r Crokker' s Cross , sit e unknown . Tow n forg e 130 7 2, location s unknown. 1691 (Prim, 1855 , 254). (Cal. doc. Ire., 1302-7, 187) . Forge 1393 , 150 8 (Liber primus, 70 , 106) . Black Mil l St , sit e unknown . Laurenc e Dal y 178 7 (Halpin , 583) . 180 6 (U 2, location s unknown. 166 9 (Neely , 1989 , 125) . 8.10.1806). Location unknown. 168 2 (Ormonde MSS, vi , 465). Maudlin St , sit e unknown. 178 8 (FU 30.4.1788) . Location unknown. 169 1 (Neely, 1989 , 113) . Michael St , site unknown. 179 0 (FU 15.12.1790) . Location unknown. Francis Burnha m 179 8 (FU 3.2.1798) . Parliament St , sit e unknown. Malt hous e and hors e mill, Richar d Butler 179 5 (FU Rose Inn St E. (07255770). 179 8 (De Loughrey, 1966 , 11) . 18.3.1795). Perhaps same as Parliament S t W. (04956065) (q.v.). Bateman's Quay N. 1841; incorporated in livery stable s (see 17 Transport) by 187 1 John St , sit e unknown, perhaps same as Joh n S t above. 180 4 (U 25.7.1804) . (OS). Parliament S t W. (04956065). Malt house 181 2 (U 12.8.1812) . 182 4 (Pigot), 1846 , Black Mill S t E. 184 1 (OS). 1859­6 4 (Val . 2) . 1856 (Slater). Se e als o above, distillery ; 16 Trades and services : cor n store . De Loughry Place E. 184 1 (OS). Abbey S t W. Malt hous e 184 1 (OS). Malt store s 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1858; part closed in Greensbridge S t E. 184 1 (OS). c. 186 8 (Val . 2) . Malt house 187 1 (OS). Greensbridge S t W. 184 1 (OS). 2, Parliamen t S t W. (04806040, 04956040) . 187 1 (OS). Lord Edward St S. , 0.2 5 km W. of city. 184 1 (OS). Closed in c. 187 1 (Val. 2). Tilbury Place E. (04105985). 187 1 (OS). Dublin Rd , site unknown. James Delaney 184 6 (Slater). Slaughter house , Friary St S. , sit e unknown, c. 165 4 (CS). Friary S t N. (05605740). 1846 , 185 6 (Slater), 185 0 (Val . 1) . Slaughter house , Gaol Rd, site unknown. Fitzgerald 189 5 (KJ 14.12.1895) . Friary S t S . (04155615) . 184 6 (Slater), 185 0 (Val . 1) . Tanneries: Friary S t S . (04255630). 1846 , 185 6 (Slater), 185 0 (Val . 1) , 188 4 (Bassett, 141) . 2, i n Irishtown, sites unknown. 165 4 (CS). Irishtown E . (04356260). 184 6 (Slater), 185 0 (Val . 1) . 2, in St John's, sites unknown. 165 4 (CS). Irishtown, sit e unknown. Michael Brennan 184 6 (Slater). 8, locations unknown. 180 0 (Tighe, 551). Irishtown, sit e unknown. Thomas Pa y 184 6 (Slater). St Kieran' s S t E . (05756035). 182 4 (Pigot), 183 0 (KCM 4.1.1830), 184 6 (Slater), John S t Lower E. (08255865). 184 6 (Slater), 185 0 (Val . 1) . 1850 (Val . 1) . John S t Upper, sit e unknown. Matthew Ward 1846 , 185 6 (Slater). Bateman's Quay W. 184 1 (OS). Tanyard 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1866 (Val . 2) . Tannery 187 1 Ormonde Rd , site unknown. Patrick Fitzgerald 184 6 (Slater). (OS). Vacan t 188 4 (Bassett, 144) . Patrick St Upper, sit e unknown. James McDonald 1846 (Slater). Dean S t S . 184 1 (OS), 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1871 (OS). See als o below, starch yards . Patrick S t Upper, sit e unknown. Michael Haydon 1846 , 185 6 (Slater). Vicar S t E. 184 1 (OS). Tanyard 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1858; closed in c. 186 5 (Val . 2) . St Canice's Place S . (04106315). 184 6 (Slater), 185 0 (Val . 1) . Thomas S t E . (01206375) . Tannery , kil n 187 1 (OS) , 188 1 (Slater), 188 4 (Egan , St Kieran's St , sit e unknown. James Agar 184 6 (Slater). 151). Converte d to creamery (q.v.) b y 1894 . Tanyards: Vicar St, sit e unknown. Douglas Campbell 186 9 (KJ 9.10.1869) . Green St , sit e unknown . Tanyard an d kil n 178 7 (FU 10.3.1787) , M. & L. Brophy Garden Ro w E. (05005740). 187 1 (OS). 1824 (Pigot), 184 2 (KJ 8.6.1842) . Patrick S t Upper, sit e unknown. Byrne 1881, 1894 (Slater). Irishtown, sit e unknown. Shee 178 7 (FLJ 4.4.1787) . Irishtown E . (04306275). 188 4 (Egan, 134) , 189 4 (Slater). St Kieran's St , site unknown. Patrick Blake 180 3 (U 23.3.1803) . Ormonde Rd , site unknown. Thomas O'Reill y 1884 (Bassett, 113) . New Quay , sit e unknown. 180 7 (U 21.11.1807) . Patrick St , site unknown. G. Slye & Sons 189 5 (KJ 20.3.1895) . Parliament St , site unknown. Richard Sullivan 1824 (Pigot), 1846 , 185 6 (Slater). High S t W., on site of former starc h manufactor y (4.v.) . 189 9 (KM 20.9.1899) . Vicar St, site unknown. George Cummin s 182 4 (Pigot). Gun manufactory , S t Kieran's St , site unknown. Wheeler 178 7 (FU 22.8.1787) . John's Bridge, site unknown. Thomas Har t 1846 , 185 6 (Slater). Powder house , Dominick St, site unknown. Mr Poewer 189 5 (KJ 23.3.1895) . High S t W. (05805790). 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1846, 185 6 (Slater). Lime kilns : Bishop's Hill , sit e unknown. Michael Sullivan 1856 (Slater). Greensbridge StE . 178 7 (FU 10.3.1787) , 184 1 (OS). Bishop's Hill , sit e unknown. Patrick Murphy 185 6 (Slater). The Butts, site unknown. Patrick Fogarty 179 4 (FU 1.2.1794) . Vicar St, site unknown. R. Sullivan 1859 (KJ 19.3.1859) . Broguemaker's Hil l S . 184 1 (OS) , 185 8 (Val . 2). Demolishe d o n constructio n of High St , site unknown. Martin Hawe 188 1 (Slater). railway line (see 17 Transport: Kilkenn y Junction Railway) by 1865 . Troy's Gate, sit e unknown. Patrick Murphy 1881 (Slater). Cootes Lane N. 1841 (OS). Chapel Lane , sit e unknown. Martin Hawe 188 4 (Bassett, 144) . Michael S t E . 184 1 (OS) , 185 4 (KJ 16.12.1854) . Disuse d 188 2 (Val . 2). Lime kil n Vicar St, site unknown. Lawlor Brennan 189 4 (Slater). 1900 (OS). Breweries: Nuncio RdE. 184 1 (OS). Pudding Lane, sit e unknown, c. 166 0 (Marescaux, 549) . Walkin S t N. 184 1 (OS). Location unknown. Miles Lyons 169 1 (Prim, 1855 , 254). Walkin's St Sconce W. 184 1 (OS). James's S t Brewery , James's S t N. an d S . Establishe d a s Archdeakin' s Brewer y in Hebron Rd N. (13156450). 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1871­1900 (OS) . See als o below, lime and 1702, incorporating malt house (se e above , Hig h S t W.); brewery 178 7 (Halpin , salt works. 583). Brewer y and mal t house, vacant 179 0 (FLJ 21.7.1790) . Reopened in 181 0 John S t Upper W . (09806130) . 1866 ; closed in c. 187 6 (Val . 2) . (Halpin, 585) . Brewery, James's St Brewerie s 1841 ; brewery, stores , 2 stores, 3 John S t Upper W. (09506185). 187 1 (Val . 2) , 1900^16; demolished by 198 3 (OS). malt house s 1871 ; James S t Brewerie s 190 0 (OS) . Close d i n c. 191 4 (Halpin , Kells Rd E. (05704805). 1900^16 ; partially extant 198 3 (OS). 586). Brewer y [N.] : reopene d b y Smithwicks as making s in 194 5 (Halpin , 586); Lime holes, Black Mill S t S . 184 1 (OS). unnamed 1946 ; brewery 198 3 (OS) ; closed i n 198 5 (Halpin , 586) ; E. part buil t Lime holes, Gree n S t S . 184 1 (OS). over by 199 9 (OS) ; Makings, known a s Sullivan' s brewery, derelict 2000 (local Salt house, location unknown, probably sam e as next entry. 180 0 (Tighe, 552). information). Brewery [S.] : E . part converted t o printing works, W. part closed by Salt house , Cana l Wal k N, adjacen t t o Ormond e Woolle n Mills (q.v.), sit e unknown. 1946 (OS). 1805 (U 12.10.1805) . John St , sit e unknown , perhap s o n sam e sit e a s distiller y (q.v.). Alderma n Blunt' s Salt works , locatio n unknown, probabl y sam e a s on e o f nex t tw o entries . 186 3 (KJ brewery, malt houses, storehouses, horse mill, vacan t 1786 , 179 2 (FLJ 8.7.1786 , 28.11.1863). 4.1.1792). Lime an d sal t works , Hebron Rd N. (13206470). Lime an d sal t work s 187 1 (OS). Se e The Parade, site unknown. Brennan an d Cormick 178 7 (Halpin, 583). Closed, moved also above, lim e kiln. to Hig h S t by 182 4 (se e below). Williams' Lim e Sal t Works , O'Loughlin Rd E . Williams ' Sal t Works , pump, sal t tu b Parliament St , sit e unknown. Brennan an d Sherma n 178 7 (Halpin, 583). 1841; Williams ' Lim e Sal t Works 1871; lime and salt works 1900­0 9 (OS) , 191 1 Parliament St , sit e unknown , probabl y o n sit e o f late r brewery , Parliamen t S t W . (Val. 2) . (04806040) (q.v.). Richard Butler 1787 (Halpin, 583). See als o above, malt house, Lime yard , Bateman's Quay , N. end (07405925) . 185 8 (Val . 2). Converted t o sa w mil l Parliament St , Richard Butler. (q.v.) inc. 1882 . Parliament St , site unknown. Robert Evans 178 7 (Halpin. 583). Lime an d sal t manufactory , Joh n St , sit e unknown. William Comerfor d 188 4 (Bassett , Irishtown E . (04006295) . 178 7 (Halpin , 583) . Vacant 181 1 (U 13.2.1811) . Brewery 139). 1824 (Pigot), 183 3 (KJ 23.10.1833), 185 0 (Val . 1) . Woollen manufactories : St Kieran's St , sit e unknown. Andrew Lee 178 7 (Halpin , 583). Brewery, malt house, Irishtown, sit e unknown. John Murphy 178 7 (FU 6.10.1787) . vacant 178 9 (FU 26.8.1789) . Richard Shearman 180 6 (U 6.8.1806) . Irishtown W. (03856255). 182 4 (Pigot), 187 1 (OS), 1881 , 1894 (Slater). Butts Brewery, location unknown. Bowden 180 8 (U 12.10.1808) . Parliament S t E. (05256035). 182 4 (Pigot), 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1856 (Slater). High St , sit e unknown. Moved from Th e Parad e (se e above) , Brenna n an d Cormick Chancellor's Woolle n Factory , Vica r S t E . Chancellor' s Mill s 1830 ; Chancellor' s 1824 (Pigot). Closed , move d t o Pennyfeather Lan e (q.v.) b y 1839 . Vacan t 184 0 Mills, grist, tuck and spinning mills 184 1 (KJ 24.3.1830, 31.7.1841). Chancellor' s (KJ 23.12.1840) . Woollen Factor y 1841 ; woollen factory 187 1 (OS) . Closed i n c. 188 1 (Val . 2). Parliament St , site unknown. Brennan an d Meighan 182 4 (Pigot). Incorporated in Chancellor's Mill s (q.v.) b y 194 6 (OS). Parliament S t W . (04806040) . 182 4 (Pigot), 1846 , 185 6 (Slater). Se e als o above , Dublin R d S. , adjacen t t o Lacke n Mill s (q.v.), sit e unknown . Mr Scot t 183 0 (KJ brewery, Richard Butler; malt house, Parliament S t W. 13.10.1830).' St Francis' Abbe y Brewery, Parliament S t E., in S. part of St Francis' Abbe y (se e 11 John St , site unknown. Cornelius Lubey 184 6 (Slater). Religion). S t Francis ' Abbe y Brewery , opene d b y Edmun d Smithwick , John S t Lower E. (08755925). 1856 , 188 1 (Slater). Close d by 189 4 (see 16 Trades and incorporating earlie r distiller y (q.v.), i n 182 7 (Halpin , 586­7) ; 183 1 (KJ services: Temperanc e Hotel) . 7.12.1831), 183 7 (Lewis, ii, 115). St Francis' Abbe y Brewery, sluice, water wheel Rose Inn St E. (07155785). 1866­190 1 (Val . 2) . 1841; Smithwic k Brewery 187 1 (OS). St Francis' Abbe y Brewery, 4 malt houses, Abbey S t N. (04306190). 187 1 (OS). saw mills , 2 steam engines, wate r whee l 188 4 (Egan, 142­3) . S t Francis' Abbe y Coach Roa d E. (03106290). 187 1 (OS). Brewery 1900^6 ; brewer y 198 3 (OS) . S t Francis ' Abbe y Brewer y 2000 . Se e Stamped pape r manufactory , Parliamen t St , sit e unknown . Rober t Burnet t 178 8 (FU also below, mineral wate r factor y an d bottlin g stores ; 22 Residence : S t Francis ' 12.3.1788). Abbey [house] . Paper hanging s manufactory , Hig h St , sit e unknown . Richar d Henness y 183 7 (KJ Kilkenny Ne w S t Brewery , Lower New S t E . 183 7 (KJ 27.9.1837) . Brewer y 184 1 11.3.1837). (OS). Paper manufactory, Cana l Walk N, in Ormonde Woolle n Mills (q.v.). 185 6 (Slater). Parliament S t W., opposite courthous e (se e 1 3 Administration), sit e unknown. 183 9 Starch yards : (KM 1.6.1839) . Patrick St, sit e unknown. 1790 (FU 10.4.1790) . Pennyfeather Lane , sit e unknown. Brennan an d Cormick, moved from Hig h S t (q.v.) Near S t James' Asylum (se e 22 Residence), sit e unknown. 180 5 (U 12.10.1805) . by 1839 ; closed in 184 1 (Halpin, 584). Walkin St , sit e unknown. 'Late William Fennel' 180 6 (U 5.3.1806) . St James's Place, site unknown. George Read e 1839 ; closed by 184 7 (Halpin, 584). New St , site unknown. 1808 , 181 0 (U 7.5.1808 , 16.5.1810) . Anchor Brewery , James' s St , sit e unknown , perhap s sam e a s James' s S t Brewer y Abbey StE. 184 1 (OS). (q.v.). 185 9 (KJ 2.4.1859) . Black Mill S t W. 184 1 (OS). St Mary's Brewery, Parliament St , sit e unknown. Robert Terr y & Sons , opened i n c. Dean S t S . 184 1 (OS), 1858 , 187 3 (Val . 2) . 1862 (KM 11.1.1862) . St Mary's Old Brewery 186 6 (KJ 10.1.1866) . Dean S t S . 1841 ; incorporated in tannery (q.v.) b y 187 1 (OS). Nursery Lane, sit e unknown. ElleIrishn Smithwick 188 2Historic (Val . 2) . TownsFriary S t NAtlas. 1841 ; converte d t o timber yard (see 16 Trades and services) by 187 1 (OS). Royal Irish AcademyFriary S t N. 184 1 (OS). Linen manufactory, locatio n unknown. William Crommelin 1701, 170 8 (Quane, 65) . Linen manufactur e house , locatio n unknown, probabl y sam e a s previou s entry . 170 5 Dean S t S . 184 1 (OS), 185 8 (Val . 2) . (Neely, 1989 , 106) . Green St , site unknown. Little & Cooke 184 4 (KM 6.11.1844) . Lintown Factory, Green's Hill W. , i n Lintown Weaving School (see 20 Education). Linen Ormonde R d E. (06555370). 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1853 (KJ 5.10.1853) . manufactory, opene d b y 1763 ; transferre d t o ne w premise s a t Pocock e Colleg e James's St, sit e unknown. Michael Timmins 1870 (KJ 10.8.1870) . (see 20 Education) in 181 7 (Quane, 48). Starch manufactories : Linen manufactory , Calla n Rd S. , in St Camillus Convent (se e 11 Religion). Opened in Walkin St , site unknown. Patrick Fleming 181 0 (U 24.10.1810) . c. 189 3 (KJ 29 A. 1893) . Green S t S . (03906525). 182 4 (Pigot), 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1856 (Slater). Foundries: Parliament S t E. (04956165). 182 4 (Pigot), 184 6 (Slater), 185 0 (Val. 1) , 1856 (Slater). Town foundry , locatio n unknown, probablv sam e a s tow n forg e (q.v.). 1767 , 179 9 Walkin St , site unknown. Shannon 182 4 (Pigot). (FU 11.4.1767 , 4.2.1799) . Walkin S t S . (03955595) . 182 4 (Pigot), 184 6 (Slater), 185 0 (Val . 1) , 187 1 (OS) . Iron an d brass, Maudlin St , sit e unknown. 180 7 (U 4.3.1807) . Closed inc. 188 2 (Val . 2) . Brass and metal , Irishtown W. 182 4 (Pigot), 184 1 (OS), 185 0 (Val . 1) . c. 187 0 (Val. Walkin St , sit e unknown, associated with cor n store, weighbridg e (se e 16 Trades and 2). services; 18 Utilities). Catherine Fin n 182 4 (Pigot); 183 4 (KJ 22.3.1834) . Brass and metal, Black Mill S t E. 184 1 (OS). Bishop's Hill , sit e unknown, associated with cor n store (se e 16 Trades and services) . Iron an d brass, New Buildings Lane S . Brass and metal foundry 1841 ; iron an d brass 1841 (KJ 4.9.1841). foundry 187 1 (OS), 188 4 (Bassett, 92). Iron foundry 1858­190 1 (Val . 2) . Horse Barrack Lane N. 1841 (OS). Closed in c. 185 8 (Val . 2) . Part converted t o forge Iron, Evan's Lane, sit e unknown. William Bryan 184 6 (Slater). (q.v.) b y 1871. Kilkenny Iron Works, High St , site unknown. Cobbe, successo r to O'Neill 187 5 (KM Irishtown E . 184 1 (OS). 5.5.1875), 187 7 (KJ 3.1.1877) . Parliament S t E., associated with S t Francis' Abbe y Brewery (q.v.). 184 1 (OS), 1870 ; Iron nails manufactory, locatio n unknown. 177 3 (Neely, 1989 , 183) . closed in c. 188 2 (Val . 2) . Coach factories : Walkin S t S . 1841 , 1871 (OS). Patrick St, site unknown. Thomas Costiga n 178 6 (FU 22.7.1786) . Dean S t N. (02306215). 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1846, 185 6 (Slater). Rose Inn St, sit e unknown. Robert McCreary 180 3 (U 13.7.1803) . Maudlin S t N. (12555920). 184 6 (Slater), 185 0 (Val . 1) . Patrick St, sit e unknown. Michael Corcoran 180 9 (U 19.7.1809) . St Canice Works , location unknown. Michael Sullivan 1846 (Slater). Se e als o below, New Quay , sit e unknown . Jauntin g ca r an d gi g factory , Ralp h Clark e 182 9 (KM St Canice Work s blue manufactory . 11.4.1829). Walkin St , site unknown. Anthony Murphy 184 6 (Slater). City o f Kilkenny Carriag e Works , Ormonde R d E. (07055505) . Opene d b y Willia m High S t W. (05505965), on site of later coach manufactor y (q.v.). 185 0 (Val . 1) , 185 6 Lander, carriages , gig s an d jaunting cars, in 182 9 (KM 12.12.1829) . Lander' s (Slater). Coach Factory 185 9 (KJ 26.3.1859). Coach factor y 187 1 (OS). City of Kilkenny Thomas S t E. (01156380). 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1856 (Slater). Carriage Works 187 2 (KJ 8.6.1872), 188 4 (Egan, 134) . Closed in c. 189 1 (Val . 2) . Greensbridge St , site unknown. John Byrne 185 6 (Slater). John St , sit e unknown. McCreary 183 6 (KM 5.10.1836) . James's St, sit e unknown. Richard Sullivan 1856 (Slater). Lower New StE. 184 1 (OS). Troy's Gate, sit e unknown. Patrick Murphy 1856 (Slater). Parliament St , sit e unknown. John Holme s 184 6 (Slater). Parliament S t W . (05006080) . Starc h yar d 186 4 (Val . 2). Starc h manufactor y 187 1 John S t Upper E. (09956120). 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1856 (Slater). (OS). Close d in c. 188 2 (Val . 2) . John S t Upper E. (10056125). 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1856 (Slater). Stone works, James's St, site unknown. John Kellinghe r 1790 (FU 29.5.1790) . John St , next to veterinary establishment (se e 16 Trades and services) , sit e unknown. Stone and marble works, Irishtown W. (04206240). 186 9 (KJ 27.3.1869), 189 4 (Slater). Opened b y Alexander Moir in c. 186 1 (KM 30.10.1861) . See als o above, forge s an d smithies . Marble yard, location unknown. Colles 180 0 (Tighe, 103). Mineral wate r factory , James' s S t S. , associate d wit h James' s S t Brewer y (q.v.), sit e Marble and slate yard, John S t Lower E., on site of former distillery (q.v.). 185 6 (Slater), unknown. 188 1 (Slater), 188 4 (Egan, 144) . 1858 (Val . 2). Closed, par t o f constabulary barrac k (se e 13 Administration ) by Mineral water factory and bottling stores, Lower New St W. (04305535) . D. Smithwick 1862. & Co. , 13 0 boys employed in bottling store s 188 4 (Egan, 142) . Marble works, John S t Upper E. (10056130). Monumental sculptor's yar d 188 2 (Buggy, Mineral water factory, High St , sit e unknown. D. Smithwick & Co. 188 1 (Slater). 50). Marbl e works 189 4 (Slater). Converte d to motor works by 191 9 (Buggy, 50). Soft drinks manufactory, Hig h St , site unknown, perhaps same as mineral water factory Stone and marble works, Irishtown, site unknown. Richard Colles 188 4 (Bassett, 136). (see previou s entry) . Soda water , lemonade , aerate d ginge r an d stomachi c Stone and marble works, Walkin St , site unknown. William Brophy 188 4 (Egan, 139) . beverage manufactory, Willia m Wade 184 3 (KJ 21.6.1843) . Maudlin Stree t Marble Mills, Maudli n S t S. , i n former sa w mil l (q.v.). Marbl e works Sewing machine manufactory , Joh n St , sit e unknown. 188 1 (Slater). 1894 (Slater). Maudli n Street Marble Mills 190 0 (OS). Closed in c. 192 6 (Doyle, Sewing machin e manufactory , Hig h S t E . (05456025) . 189 4 (Slater), 190 1 (Val . 2). 76). Demolishe d by 194 6 (OS). Singer Sewin g Machines 2000 . Hat manufactories : Sewing machine manufactory , Pennyfeathe r Lan e N. (05955720). 189 7 (Val . 2) . St Kieran's St , site unknown. James Younge 179 1 (FLJ 31.12.1791) . Biscuit manufactory, New St , site unknown. M.J. Murphy 1884 (Bassett, 126) . High St , nea r tholse l (se e 13 Administration) , site unknown . Thomas Poynt z 180 1 Creamery, Thoma s S t E., in former tanner y (q.v.). 189 4 (Slater), 1900­46 ; unname d (FU 4.4.1801) . 1983 (OS). High St , sit e unknown . John Powel l 180 3 (U 20.7.1803) , 182 4 (Pigot), 183 2 (KJ 15.9.1832). 16 Trades and services High St , sit e unknown. William Barton 182 4 (Pigot). Fair, Irishtown. 9­day fair , beginnin g o n da y afte r octav e o f Holy Trinity , grante d t o Rose Inn St, site unknown. William Pratt 182 4 (Pigot). Geoffrey d e Turville, bishop of Ossory, in 1245 (Cal. doc. Ire., 1171-1251,415). The Parade, site unknown. Nicholas Birch 182 4 (Pigot). Fair, th e Hightown . 15­day fair , beginnin g da y befor e Pentecost , confirme d in 138 3 John's Quay, sit e unknown. William Smyt h 183 7 (KJ 10.6.1837) . (Liber primus, 77) ; renewed in 1574 (Mun. corp. Ire. rept, 546). High S t W. (05905835). 184 4 (KJ 28.12.1844) . Fairs, Irishtow n and th e Hightown . 3 3­da y fair s startin g on vigi l o f feast day s of S t Dean S t N. (02806240). 184 6 (Slater), 185 0 (Val . 1) . Patrick (16 March), St John the Baptist (23 June), S t Canice (10 October) grante d Woollen an d blanket manufactories : in 161 0 (Mun. corp. Ire. rept, 546) . 4 2­da y fair s startin g o n feas t day s of St s High St , sit e unknown . Cloth, carpe t an d blanke t manufactory , Barnab y Scot t 179 2 Patrick, John the Baptist, Canice and on Corpus Christi granted in 1688; reverted (FU 15.8.1792) , 180 2 (U 13.10.1802) . to forme r 3­day schedule in 1690 (Fairs and markets rept, 270). St Kieran's Day Dean S t N. (03256270). 181 5 (KM 21.1.1815) , 182 4 (Pigot), 184 0 (KJ 9.12.1840) , (5 March) added i n 178 3 (Neely , 1989 , 173) . 7 fair s ( 5 an d 2 8 March, Corpu s 1850 (Val . 1) , 1846, 185 6 (Slater). Christi, 1 7 August, 1 2 September, 1 1 October, 9 November) 182 4 (Pigot). 6 fairs Butt's Green, sit e unknown. Edward Reade 182 4 (Pigot). (28 March (cattle), 8 and 2 2 May, 1 7 August (frieze), 1 2 September (frieze), 9 Chapel Lane, site unknown. Stephen McKenna 182 4 (Pigot). November) 183 3 (Mun. corp. Ire. rept, 546) . 4 additional fairs (1 5 February , 6 Church Lane, sit e unknown. John Spence r 182 4 (Pigot). May, 2 3 September, 1 0 November), to be held on John's Green, grante d in 183 5 Dean St , site unknown. James Kelly 182 4 (Pigot), 184 6 (Slater). (KJ 16.9.1835) . 1 2 additional fairs, 1s t Thursday of each month, granted in 184 6 John S t Lower E. (08855930). 182 4 (Pigot), 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1860 (KJ 30.6.1860) . (Fairs and markets rept, 270) . 1 6 fair s (2 8 March , 1 May, 29 September , 1 2 Walkin S t S. , 0.2 5 km W. of city. Michael Shortall 182 4 (Pigot), 185 0 (Val . 1) . November an d 2nd Wednesday o f each month) 188 4 (Bassett, 323­46). Walkin St , site unknown. Nicholas Shortall 182 4 (Pigot). Horse fair , Irishtown. 166 9 (Neely, 1989 , 103) . Butt's Green, sit e unknown. Ann Read 1846 , 185 6 (Slater). Horse fair , William St , in yard, site unknown. Monthly 185 8 (KM 4.12.1858) . Butt's Green, sit e unknown. Judith Read 1846 , 185 6 (Slater). Cattle fair, in Butt's Green. 183 3 (KM 23.10.1833) . Dean S t E., site unknown. Stephen Archbold 1881 (Slater), 188 4 (Bassett, 146). Pig fair , i n Butt's Green . 185 2 (Fairs and markets rept, 270) . 2 fair s ( 5 March , 2 7 Dean St , site unknown. Thomas Case y 188 1 (Slater). October) 185 6 (Slater). 1s t Tuesday o f each month 188 4 (Egan, 114) . Wire manufactory, Evan's Lane, site unknown. Thomas Howar d 179 6 (FU 24.9.1796) . Fair green, in John's Green. 183 5 (KJ 16.9.1835) . Copper manufactory , James' s St, site unknown. 181 5 (KJ 6.7.1815) . Fair green , Gao l R d N. Opened i n 185 9 (KJ 6.8.1859) ; fai r gree n 1871 ; fair green , Cotton manufactory , Parliamen t St , sit e unknown . Andre w Neeland s 180 1 (FU weighing machine , cattl e pens 1900 ; fair green , weighin g machine, cattl e pens, 11.3.1801). sheep pens 1946 ; fair gree n 1983 , 199 9 (OS). Carpentry manufactory , Willia m St , sit e unknown. Robertson 180 4 (U 15.2.1804) . Horse fai r green , Orchar d Lane N. (03505670). Opened i n 188 8 (KJ 17.3.1888) ; 1888 , Glove manufactory, Hig h St , site unknown. D. Bolger 180 8 (U 22.10.1808) . 1898 (Val . 2) . Gold an d silve r manufactory , Hig h St , nea r tholse l (se e 13 Administration) , sit e Market, Irishtown . Weekly market , Wednesdays , grante d t o Geoffre y d e Turville , unknown. Martin 180 8 (U 15.10.1808) . bishop of Ossory, in 124 5 (Cal. doc. Ire., 1171-1251, 415) . Gold an d silve r manufactory, Hig h S t W. (06055760). Opene d i n 1840 ; 188 4 (Bassett , Markets, Irishtow n and th e Hightown . 3 market s weekly , Tuesdays, Wednesdays an d 96). Saturdays, grante d i n 160 9 (Mun. corp. Ire. rept, 546) . 4 market s weekly , Rope, hem p an d fla x manufactory , Ros e Inn St E. (07105755). 182 4 (Pigot), 184 1 (KJ Tuesdays, Wednesday s (genera l produce) , Friday s an d Saturday s (cattl e an d 28.4.1841), 1846 , 185 6 (Slater). Converte d to Imperial Hotel (see 16 Trades and pigs) 182 4 (Pigot), 184 6 (Slater). 2 markets weekly , Wednesdays and Saturdays services) b y 1860 . 1852 (Fairs and markets rept, 270) , 189 4 (Slater). Rope works: Market place, High St . 133 5 (Clyn ann., 27) . High St , site unknown. William Buggey 182 4 (Pigot). Market cross (05905875): erected in 1335 (Prim, 1853 , 219); unnamed c. 165 5 (DS); High St , site unknown. William Cod y 182 4 (Pigot). market cross 175 8 (Rocque); c. 176 0 (Robertson); removed in 1771 (Prim, 1853 , John St , site unknown. Patrick Carroll 182 4 (Pigot). 229). Parliament S t W. (05006100). 184 0 (KJ 24.10.1840), 184 6 (Slater), 185 0 (Val . 1) . Cattle market: 'marke t cross to Croker's Cross ' 160 9 (Clyn ann., xxxvi) . Bennettsbridge Rd , site unknown. Magennis 1846 , 185 6 (Slater), 188 4 (KJ 2.7.1884) . Grain market: 179 0 (Ni Chinneide, 1974 , 32). Parliament S t W. (04656180). 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1846, 185 6 (Slater). Market place, Irishtown, site unknown. 160 6 (Ainworth, 59). Patrick St Upper, site unknown. Thomas Ega n 188 4 (Egan, 139) . Cattle market, in James's Green. 160 9 (Clyn ann., xxxvi) . Rope walk, Fr Hayden's R d N. 1841­1900 (OS) . See als o 10 Streets: Fr Hayden's Rd . Cattle market, in Walkin's Green. 160 9 (Clyn ann., xxxvi) . Rope walk, Green's Hill E. , 0.5 km N. of city. 184 1 (OS). Cattle market, in James's Green. 183 1 (AT/28.9.1831). Rope walk, Michael St E. 1841 , 1871 (OS). Closed in c. 187 2 (Val . 2) . Cattle market, in The Parade. 183 1 (KJ 28.9.1831) . Rope walk, Nuncio Rd W. 1841 (OS). Market house , Hig h S t E. , in tholsel (se e 13 Administration) . Repaired, enlarge d i n Rope walk, Patrick St Upper E. (08255320). 187 1 (OS). 1758 (KC M 1.12.1758) ; 182 5 (Brewer , i , 444), 184 6 (Pari, gaz., ii , 438). Tobacco manufactories : 'Under' tholse l 185 2 (Fairs and markets rept, 271). High St , site unknown. Richard O'Donnell 182 4 (Pigot), 1846 , 185 6 (Slater). Fish market, location unknown. 170 9 (Neely, 1989 , 102) . Evan's Lane S . 184 1 (OS). Market, Pennyfeathe r Lan e N . (05605695) . Opene d i n 173 2 (wal l plaque) . 'Marke t Parliament S t W. (05006090). Tobacco an d snuf f 1846 , 185 6 (Slater). house', demolished in mid 20th cent. (O'Carroll, 51). Dean St , site unknown. Tobacco an d snuff, William May 185 6 (Slater). Coal market, in Parliament St . Implicit in Coal Market 175 8 (se e 10 Streets) . High St , sit e unknown. Daniel Cullen 1856 (Slater). Butter market , i n Irishtown. c. 1812 ; discontinue d b y 185 2 (Fairs and markets rept, Parliament St , site unknown. Tobacco an d snuff , Patric k Nolan 185 6 (Slater). 271). Blue manufactory, Joh n St , site unknownIrish. E. Ready 182 HistoricRoyal9 (KM 25.7.1829) . Irish Towns AcademyButter market Atlas, in St Kieran's S t E . Butter market 184 1 (OS). Firkin butter market 184 4 Blue manufactory, Irishtown W. 184 1 (OS), c. 187 0 (Val . 2) . (KM 24.4.1844) . Closed in c. 185 9 (Val . 2) . St Canice Work s blue manufactory, locatio n unknown, perhaps same as previous entry . Pig market , i n Butt' s Green . Wednesday s an d Thursday s 182 9 (KM 24.10.1829) ; Michael Sullivan 1846 (Slater). Se e als o above, starc h manufactories . weekly pig market revived in 185 3 (KJ 5.10.1853) . Carpet an d heart h ru g manufactory , Willia m St , E . en d (04855775) , associate d wit h Corn market, location unknown. 183 0 (KJ 17.3.1830) . public dye works (see nex t entry). 1831 (KJ 31.8.1831) , 183 3 (KM 17.8.1833) . Corn market, in Green St , Irishtown, Vicar St. Closed in 184 4 (KM 10.2.1844) . Dye works , public , Willia m St , E . end , associate d wit h carpe t an d heart h ru g Kilkenny new corn market, location unknown. 186 2 (KJ 6.9.1862) . manufactory (se e previou s entry). 1831 (KJ 31.8.1831) , 183 3 (KM 17.8.1833) . Vegetable market , a t John' s Bridg e (se e 17 Transport) , sit e unknown . 183 4 (KJ Dye works , Abbey St, site unknown. Michael Hennessy 188 4 (Bassett, 101). 11.10.1834). Machine constructio n an d implemen t factory , Hig h S t W . (05405915). 183 9 (Phelan , Corporation market, S t Kieran's S t E. Fish market opened i n 181 1 (Hogan, 1884 , 254); 1968, 17) , 188 4 (Egan, 149) . 1837 (^722.2.1837), 184 1 (OS). Shambles 1837 (£722.2.1837). Shambles, fish Agricultural implemen t manufactory , Parliamen t St , sit e unknown . Thoma s Hughe s market an d yar d 185 0 (Val . 1). New marke t o n extende d site , shambles , fis h 1884 (Bassett, 102). market an d yard 1853 ; market, cor n exchange, fish market , shambles , weighing Agricultural implement manufactory, S t Canice's Place, site unknown. James Kelly 188 4 table 185 8 (Val . 2). Wool market ; butte r marke t twice­weekly , Tuesdays an d (Egan, 158) . Fridays 186 2 (KJ 4.6.1862 , 28.5.1862) . Ne w cor n an d butte r marke t o n sit e Chandlery, Red Lane S . 1841 , 1871 (OS). extending int o Parliament S t opene d i n 1862­ 3 (Egan , 114 ; wall plaque) . Fla x Soap an d candl e manufactory , Evan' s Lane , sit e unknown . Matthew Wals h 186 8 (KJ market to be opened 186 5 (KJ 17.12.1864) . Shambles closed in c. 186 8 (Val . 2) . 30.12.1868). Market (corporation) : fish market , mil k market , potat o market , weighbridge ; Tar pan, Fr Hayden's R d N. (09455300) . 184 1 (OS). See als o below, furnace . King S t market: 2 butter markets, eg g market , engin e house , fowl market , woo l Tar pan, Nuncio Rd W. (11755400). 184 1 (OS). market 187 1 (OS) . Fis h marke t close d b y 188 4 (Hogan , 1884 , 254) . Marke t Bacon factory, Parliament S t W. (05056075) . Established in c. 186 0 (De Loughrey, 1976, 1900­46; unname d 1983 ; replaced b y car park by 199 9 (OS). 179). Se e als o 16 Trades and services: baco n store. Brogue market, Parliament St , sit e unknown. 184 3 (KJ 15.11.1843) . Bakery, James's St N. (04805975) . 187 1 (OS). Ormonde Market, St Kieran's St , site unknown. Vacant 184 5 (£7 7.5.1845). Bakery, Parnell St E. (04055675). 187 1 (OS). Shambles, Hig h S t E . 175 8 (Rocque) , 1786 , 180 1 (FU 11.3.1786 , 7.1.1801) , 1841 , Furnace, F r Hayden's R d N., o n site of earlier tar pan (q.v.). 187 1 (OS). 1871 (OS). Closed in 187 9 (Val . 2) . Saw mills : Shambles, locatio n unknown, perhaps same as previous entry. Old meat shambles 180 8 John St , near John's Bridge (see 17 Transport), sit e unknown. Thomas Meeha n 187 3 (17 24.8.1808). (^/ 3.12.1873) . Shambles, S t Kieran' s St , sit e unknown , probably i n corporation marke t (q.v.). Ne w Black Saw Mill, Black Mill S t N., in former Black Mills (q.v.). Opene d in c. 187 3 (Val . shambles 180 7 (17 19.12.1807) . 2). Kilkenn y Stea m an d Wate r Sa w Mill s 1876 ; Cit y Sa w Mil l 188 0 (KJ Exchange, nea r St Mary's graveyard (se e 11 Religion), site unknown, perhaps in tholsel 22.4.1876, 16.10.1880) . Black Saw Mill 190 0 (OS). (see 13 Administration). 171 8 (Watters , 1872a , 55). Maudlin St S., in former Maudlin Mills (q.v.). Sa w mill 1874,189 2 (Val . 2) . Converted Inn, locatio n unknown. 1591 (Prim, 1852 , 162) . to Maudli n Street Marble Mills (q.v.) b y 1894 . Bull Inn , St Canice' s Plac e S . (04306335) . Bulle s Inn, opened i n 160 2 (Prim , 1862 , Bateman's Quay, N. end, on site of former lime yard (q.v.). Opene d in c. 188 2 (Val. 2) . 177). Close d by 183 3 (£79.2.1833). In ruins 186 2 (Prim, 1862 , 177) . Part extan t 1884 (Bassett, 139). 2000. Canal Walk, site unknown. Michael Brett 189 4 (Slater). Inn an d post house, location unknown. Adam Brider 1609; 'an inn to entertain the lords Shamrock Sa w Mills, Vicar St E., site unknown. Opened in 1898; destroyed b y fire in justices, noblemen an d gentlemen' 161 9 (Prim, 1862 , 154­5) . 1899(^7 4.5.1898, 17.5.1899) . Inn, locatio n unknown. 161 9 (Prim, 1852 , 162) . Smulkin Tavern, The Parade S., on site of later Bank of Ireland (q.v.). 163 9 (Prim, 1862 , St Kieran's St , site unknown. Doyle 184 6 (Slater). 155), c. 166 0 (Marescaux, 550) . Coyle Brothers printin g house , Rose Inn St, sit e unknown. 1861 ; moved t o High S t Inn, locatio n unknown. Richard Inwood 1661 (Prim, 1852 , 162) . (see nex t entry) by 187 2 (Dix , 1928b , 104­5) . Inn, locatio n unknown. Hugh Fair 166 5 (Ormonde MSS, iii , 212). Coyle Brothers printing house, High St , sit e unknown. Moved from Ros e Inn St (se e Inn, locatio n unknown. John Whittle 166 5 (Ormonde MSS, iii , 212). previous entry) by 1872 ; 188 8 (Dix, 1928b, 105 , 108) . Sheaf Inn , Ros e Inn St W. (06905755) . Opened in c. 1700 ; house and stable 170 2 (Prim, High S t W. (05905835). Egan 1881 , 1898 (Dix, 1928b, 107­8) . 1862, 156­9) . Whea t Shea f In n 178 6 (FU 22.2.1786) . Shea f Inn , closed i n c. Black Mill St , site unknown. Patrick Rielly 188 4 (Bassett, 116) . 1816 (Prim, 1862 , 156­9) . Chapel Lane, site unknown. James Farrell 1884 (Bassett, 96). Swan Inn, William S t N. (05605835). 171 7 (Prim, 1862 , 164) . High StE. (06255815) . 188 4 (Bassett, 117). Royal Garte r Inn , Rose Inn S t E. (07405810) . Opene d i n c. 173 0 (Neely , 1989 , 191) . James's Green, sit e unknown. Edward Stephens 188 4 (Bassett, 100). Garter Inn 1768, 177 0 (Prim, 1862 , 159­60) , 1786 ; Royal Garter Inn 178 8 (FU Walkin St , site unknown. Heffernan 188 4 (Bassett, 100). 22.7.1786, 30.4.1788) . Se e als o below, Star and Garter Inn. Kilkenny People, Hig h S t E. (05506020). Opened i n 189 3 (Dix, 1928b, 108) . Closed, Hole in the Wall , Hig h S t W. (68955790). Opened i n c. 1760 ; closed in c. 180 8 (Prim , moved to High S t W. in 1964 (Phelan, 1968 , 18). 1862, 169­74) . Reopened by 181 5 (KM 17.6.1815) ; 184 1 (KJ 10.4.1841) . Coal yards : Queensarms Hotel, John S t Lower E. King's Arms 1768, 1770 ; Royal Arms 180 0 (Prim, Location unknown, probably off Parliament St . 1770 , 178 9 (Neely, 1989 , 188 , 165) . 1862, 168­9) . King' s Arm s Hote l 182 4 (Pigot), 183 5 (KJ 17.1.1835) . John St , site unknown. 180 4 (U 25.7.1804) . Queensarms Hotel 1841 (OS). Pennyfeather Lane , sit e unknown . Opene d i n 182 9 (KM 24.10.1829) ; 183 0 (KJ George Inn, Parliament St , site unknown. 1768 (Prim, 1862 , 168) . 17.3.1830). Red Lion, Parliamen t S t E. (05106140). 176 8 (Prim, 1862 , 166­7) . The Parade, site unknown. Cannel an d se a coa l yard, opened i n 1839 (KM 8.6.1839) . Red Lion , Joh n S t Uppe r W. , near infantr y barracks (se e 12 Defence) , sit e unknown. See als o next entry. 1768 (Prim, 1862 , 168) . The Parade , sit e unknown , perhap s sam e a s previou s entry . Henr y Gor e 184 1 (KJ Eagle Inn , Parliament S t W . (04906105). Eagl e In n c. 176 8 (Prim , 1862 , 168) . Eagl e 16.10.1841). Hotel 182 4 (Pigot). Eagl e In n 185 6 (Slater), 197 4 (D e Loughrey , 1976 , 181) . Walkin S t S . 184 1 (OS), 1858­82 (Val . 2) . Closed in c. 198 5 (local information). In commercial use 2000 . St Kieran's St E. (06255950). 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1858­1910 (Val . 2) . Brazen Head, Friary St N. (05805755) . 178 6 (FU 23.9.1786) . Patrick S t W., adjacent t o Provincial Bank (q.v.), sit e unknown. Wright an d O'Tool e George Inn , Irishtown, site unknown. 178 6 (FU 8.3.1786) . 1859 (KJ 19.3.1859) . Globe Inn, location unknown. 178 6 (FU 22.7.1786) . Delany's coal yard, Dublin Rd E., site unknown. 1860 (KJ 25.2.1860) . Black Lion, High St, site unknown. 1788 (FU 2.4.1788) . Devereux 181 5 (KM 2.2.1815) . St Kieran's StE. (06055985) . 187 1 (OS). Goat's Beard, The Parade, site unknown. 179 3 (Prim , 1862 , 165) . Brewery Lane W. (05056240). 1877­190 1 (Val . 2) . Star an d Garte r Inn , location unknown, perhaps sam e a s Roya l Garter In n (q.v.). 179 4 Lower New S t E. (05455505). 1877 ; closed in c. 188 2 (Val . 2) . (FU 15.1.1794) . Patrick St Upper, sit e unknown. 1877­1910 (Val . 2) . Ormonde Arms, Parliament S t E., on site of former Red Lion (q.v.). Ormond e Inn 179 7 Abbey St , site unknown. Richard Buggy 188 4 (Bassett, 127) . (FU 10.5.1797) . Ormonde Arms c. 180 0 (Prim, 1862 , 166­7) . Dean St , sit e unknown. William Tracy 188 4 (Bassett, 121). Mail Coac h Hotel , Rose Inn St E. (07155770). Royal Mail Inn or Lighton's inn c. 180 0 Green's Hill, sit e unknown. Martin Conderan 188 4 (Bassett, 127). (Prim, 1862 , 161 , 164). Mail Coac h Hotel , closed by 180 4 (U 9.5.1804) . Green's Hill, sit e unknown. Michael Hennessy 188 4 (Bassett, 127). Bush Tavern , Ros e Inn S t N., site unknown . Bush In n c. 180 0 (Prim , 1862 , 160­61) . 2, Hig h S t W. (05705895, 05855940). 188 4 (Bassett, 127) . Bush Tavern 181 1 (U 11.9.1811) , 184 0 (£7 26.12.1840). Patrick St Upper, sit e unknown. Patrick Hogan 188 4 (Bassett, 127) . Munster Arms, Walkin S t S. , sit e unknown, c. 180 0 (Prim, 1862 , 164) . Wine store , James' s S t N., adjoinin g Burrell's Hall (se e 22 Residence) , o n sit e of later Light House, Walkin S t S . (01455345). 180 4 (U 15.2.1804) , 184 1 (KJ 20.3.1841) . school (se e 20 Education: Burrell's Hall). Opened b y 178 3 (Egan, 254). White Hart Inn, High S t W. (06205760). 181 6 (Phelan an d Lanigan, 32). Auction room, Rose Inn St, opposite Roya l Gaiter Inn (q.v.), sit e unknown. 178 8 (FU Club Hous e an d Commercia l Hotel , Patric k S t W . Hibernian Hotel an d Fo x Hunting 30.4.1788). Club, incorporating earlier Kilkenny Club house (se e 21 Entertainment), opene d Auction mart, High St , site unknown. Mr Wilson 183 0 (KJ 2.6.1830) . in 181 7 (Prim , 1862 , 165) . Hibernian Hotel 182 4 (Pigot), 183 0 (KJ 20.3.1830) . Auction mart , The Parade S. (07505670). 186 1 (KM 9.2.1861) , 1866 ; closed in c. 187 0 Hibernian Clu b Hotel 187 1 (OS). Enlarged, incorporatin g adjoining property, in (Val. 2) . 1892 (Lanigan and Tyler, 51). Club House an d Commercial Hotel 1894 (Slater). Bank, location unknown. Williams' an d Finn's, opened in 1800; closed in 1805 (Barrow, Hotel 1900­9 9 (OS) . Club House an d Commercial Hotel 2000. 39). Sheaf Hotel , Gree n S t S . Whea t Shea f Hote l 182 4 (Pigot). Shea f Hote l 184 1 (OS) , c. Kilkenny Bank, High St, site unknown. Connel Loughnan, opened in 1800 (Barrow, 36). 1875 (Val . 2) . Kilkenny Bank 180 6 (U 8.3.1806) . Close d in 182 0 (Barrow, 38­9). Bush Hotel, Rose Inn St W. 1824 (Pigot), 184 1 (OS), 185 6 (Slater). Close d in 185 9 (KJ Kilkenny Savings Bank, William St N. Opene d in 1816 (Neely, 1989, 209). Savings ban k 21.12.1859). 1830 (KCM 21.4.1830) , 1841 , 1871 (OS). Closed in c. 187 2 (Val . 2) . See als o 21 Hotel, Patrick S t W. (06805650). 182 4 (Pigot). Entertainment: Citizens' Club room; Catholic Young Men's Society premises . Hotel, Walkin St , sit e unknown. Richard Malone 182 4 (Pigot). Provincial Bank , Patric k S t W . Opened i n 182 7 (Pari, gaz., ii , 438). Provincial Bank Rose Hotel or Inn, Rose Inn St E., on site of former Mail Coac h Hote l (q.v.). Ros e Inn 1841 (OS) , c. 185 5 (Val . 1). Closed, move d t o ne w premise s in 186 0 (se e nex t 1830; Ros e Hotel 1831 ; Mr Hewetson's hote l 183 5 (KJ 24.3.1830 , 16.3.1831 , entry). 23.5.1835). Rose Hotel 1846 (Slater). Ros e Inn 1853; hotel 186 2 (Val . 2) . Closed Provincial Bank , Patric k S t W. , in former Socia l Clu b house (se e 21 Entertainment) . in 186 9 (KJ 19.6.1869) . Provincial Bank , transferred fro m forme r premises (se e previou s entry ) in 186 0 Travellers' Hom e Hotel , Ros e In n St , sit e unknown . Mr s McDonnel l 183 2 (KJ (Kenealy, 1964 , 39) ; 186 3 (Val . 2), 1871 ; bank 1900­8 3 (OS) . Converte d t o 8.12.1832). insurance offic e i n c. 198 5 (local information). Victoria Hotel , Hig h S t W. , o n sit e o f forme r tholse l (se e 13 Administration) . Agricultural an d Commercial Bank, The Parade S. Opened i n 183 5 (Pari, gaz., ii, 438). Commercial Hote l 184 1 (KM 4.12.1841) . Victori a Hote l 184 3 (KJ 28.1.1843) . Agricultural an d Commercia l Bank 184 1 (OS). Closed in 184 1 (KJ 24.4.1841) . Flude's Victori a Hote l 184 6 (Slater). Victori a Hote l 187 1 (OS) . Callanan' s Reopened a s Bank of Ireland on adjoining site, se e nex t entry. Victoria an d Commercial Hotel 188 4 (Bassett, 36). Hotel 190 0 (OS). Converted Bank o f Irelan d office , Th e Parad e S . Ban k o f Ireland , replacin g Agricultura l an d to ban k in 1921 (Lanigan and Tyler, 60). Bank 199 9 (OS). Commercial Bank (see previou s entry), opened in 1835 (Pari, gaz., ii, 438). Bank Inn, Ros e Inn St, sit e unknown. Thomas Lalo r 1846 (Slater). of Irelan d office 1841 , 187 1 (OS). Closed, move d to new premise s in 187 1 (se e Railway Hotel, John S t Upper, sit e unknown. 185 0 (KM 17.4.1850) . next entry). Temperance Hotel , Parliament S t W. (04656170) . 1850 , 187 4 (De Loughrey, 1976 , 183). Bank of Ireland, The Parade S., on site of former Smulkin Tavern (g.v.). Bank of Ireland, Harp Inn, Ormonde Road , sit e unknown. 1856 (Slater). transferred fro m former premises (see previou s entry), built in 1870 (Lanigan and Hotel, Rose Inn St, site unknown. John Murphy 1856 (Slater). Tyler, 47); 1871; bank 1900­9 9 (OS) . Imperial Hotel, Ros e Inn St E., on sit e of former rope, hemp an d flax manufactor y (se e National Bank of Ireland, Parliament S t E. Opened in 1836 (Pari, gaz., ii, 438). National 15 Manufacturing) . Imperia l an d Commercia l Hotel , opene d i n 186 0 (KJ Bank of Ireland 1841; National Bank 1871 ; bank 1900­9 9 (OS) . 21.12.1859). Rebuilt in c. 186 6 (ValIrish. 2) . Imperia l HoteHistoricl 1871 (OS), 189 4 (Slater). TownsLoan and discoun Atlast bank , William St , near Kilkenny Saving s Ban k (q.v.), sit e unknown. Hotel 1900­46 ; closed , converted t o bank by 198 3 (OS)Royal. Irish AcademyOpened in 1855 (KJ 30.12.1854) . Swan Inn, Green St , site unknown. 186 3 (KJ 4.2.1863) . Scotch Loan Bank, St Kieran St W. (05955955). 185 9 (KJ 27.4.1859) . William Stree t Hotel, William S t S . (05805825). Hotel 1871 (OS). William Stree t Hotel Hibernian Bank, Patrick S t W. (06705665). Opened i n 186 5 (Dublin Builder, vii , 101) . 1881 (Slater), 188 4 (Bassett, 107 , 122). Hibernian Ban k 187 1 (OS) . Hibernia n Join t Stoc k Ban k 188 1 (Slater). Ban k Brennan's famil y hotel , Parliament S t E. (04956165). 188 4 (Bassett, 136) . 1900­46 (OS) . Temperance Hotel , John St , sit e unknown. Eliza Coogan 188 4 (Bassett, 90). Timber yards : Temperance Hotel , Joh n S t Lower E., on sit e of former woolle n manufactory (se e 15 Walkin St, site unknown. William Fennell 180 1 (FU 31.10.1801) , 180 6 (U 5.3.1806) . Manufacturing). 189 4 (Slater). William S t S . 182 7 (KM 31.1.1827) , 184 1 (OS), 185 9 (KJ 2.4.1859) . Temperance Hotel , John St , site unknown. Emma Dunne 189 4 (Slater). New Quay , site unknown. Cody and Clarke 183 0 (KJ 26.5.1830) . Temperance Hotel , S t Kieran's S t E. (06155955). 189 4 (Slater). Parliament S t E., site unknown. 183 0 (KJ 26.5.1830) . Printing houses: Patrick St W. 184 0 (if/25.7.1840). Timber and iron yard 1841 (OS). Timber yard 185 0 Location unknown . Opened i n 164 2 (Carrigan , iii, 24). Closed i n 164 9 (Dix , 1914, (Val. 1) , 1858, 187 3 (Val . 2) . 125). Patrick St Upper, sit e unknown. Lumber house 184 0 (KJ 4.3.1840). Location unknown, perhaps same as previous entry. 164 5 (Dix, 1914, 128) . Parliament S t E. 184 1 (OS), 184 4 (KJ 7.7.1844) , 185 0 (Val . 1) , 185 8 (D e Loughrey, John S t Lower W., in Jesuit college (se e 20 Education). 164 8 (Dix, 1914, 126­7) . 1976, 186) . Location unknown. William Smith 1649 (Dix , 1914 , 135) . Dean StN. 184 1 (OS), 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1873 (Val . 2) . Location unknown. Edmund Crofton 175 7 (Dix , 1928a , 7). Lower New St W. (05305560). 185 0 (Val. 1) , 1858 (Val . 2) . Location unknown. Michael Butler 1758, 177 9 (Dix , 1928a , 8). John S t Lower W. (08355905). 1866 ; closed by 190 7 (Val . 2) . High St , sit e unknown, near tholsel (see 13 administration). James Stokes 176 2 (Dix, Friary S t N., i n former starc h yard (see 15 Manufacturing). 1871 (OS). 1928a, 8). Walkin St , site unknown. William Read e 187 7 (KJ 13.10.1877) , 188 4 (Bassett, 144). Finn's Leinster Journal, S t Mary's Lane N. (06305820). Opened i n 176 7 (Dix , 1928a , Black Mill St , site unknown. Timothy Meany 188 4 (Bassett, 144) . 9). Move d to High S t in 176 7 (se e nex t entry). John St , site unknown. Connell & Sons 188 4 (Bassett, 144). Finn's Leinste r Journal , Hig h St , sit e unknown . Opene d i n 1767 ; Fin n 180 0 (Dix, John St , site unknown. Reade & Sons 188 4 (Bassett, 144) . 1928a, 9). Ormonde Rd (06605390). 189 6 (KJ 4.11.1896) . Location unknown. Doyle 179 9 (Dix , 1928a , 58). Corn stores: High St , site unknown. Reynolds 1800 , 181 7 (Dix, 1928a, 58). Moved to The Parade Parliament S t W . (04856065) . Cor n store , formerl y par t o f distiller y (se e 15 by 182 1 (se e below). Manufacturing) 181 2 (U 12.8.1812) . Corn stores, malt house, kilns 1847 , 185 4 Leinster Journal , Hig h St , sit e unknown , probably o n sam e sit e a s Finn' s Leinste r (KJ 23.10.1847 , 8.2.1854) . Se e als o 15 Manufacturing: malt house. Journal (q.v.). Kearne y 1801 , 1820; Henderson 182 9 (Dix , 1928b , 89, 96, 100) . Green S t N. (03956540). 182 4 (Pigot). Unname d 1841­190 0 (OS) . Corn stores 185 0 Location unknown. Bennett 1801 , 1805 (Dix, 1928b, 89­90). (Val. 1) , 1910 (Val . 2) . Kilkenny Moderator , Hig h S t W. (05705965). 181 3 (Dix , 1928b, 93), 184 6 (Slater), Abbey S t E., site unknown. 'Capable o f holding 400 barrels' 183 1 (KJ 3.4.1831) . 1898 (Dix , 1928b , 108) . Closed in 192 6 (Phelan, 1968 , 9). Patrick St, site unknown. 'Capable o f containing 300 barrels' 183 1 (KJ 25.6.1831) . The Parade , sit e unknown . Moved from Hig h S t (se e above ) b y 1821 ; 182 8 (Dix, New St , site unknown. 1832 (KJ 11.8.1832) . 1928b, 97, 99). Walkin St , sit e unknown , associate d wit h starc h manufactory , weighbridg e (se e 15 High St , site unknown. Cahill 182 4 (Pigot). Manufacturing; 18 Utilities). 183 4 (KJ 22.3.1834) . High S t W. (06005810). 183 0 (Dix, 1928b, 100) , 184 6 (Slater), 185 0 (Val . 2) , 186 0 Maudlin St , site unknown. 1838 (KJ 26.9.1838) . (Dix, 1928b , 104) . Bishop's Hill, associate d with starch yard (see 15 Manufacturing), site unknown. 1841 Kilkenny Journal printing works, junction High St/Ros e Inn St (06805735). 183 0 (KJ (KJ 4.9.1841) . 7.4.1830), 184 6 (Slater). Kilkenn y Journal offic e 189 5 (Dix, 1928b, 108) . Green S t N. (04106555) . Unnamed 1841­194 6 (OS) . Corn stores 185 0 (Val . 1) , 185 6 Location unknown. Kelly 184 3 (Dix, 1928b, 101­2) . (Slater), 191 1 (Val . 2) . Corn and wine stores, John St Lower E. (09506045). 184 2 (KJ 21 A. 1842) , 185 0 (Val. 1) . Wooden bridge, over Wolfe Ton e S t (06806390). Wooden bridge 187 1 (OS). Irishtown W. (04106255). 184 6 (Slater). Cor n store 185 0 (Val . 1) . Footgate slip , Irishtown E. (04506275). The slip 1569 ; Footgate sli p 160 6 (Ainsworth , Irishtown, sit e unknown. 184 9 (KJ 7.7.1849) . 34, 58) . Green S t N. (04956570). 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1910 (Val . 2) . St John's slip, location unknown. 1628 (Ledwich, 399). Green's Hill E . (06056575). 185 0 (Val . 1) . Slip, John St , sit e unknown. Walter Leix 162 8 (Ledwich, 399). St Kieran's St , site unknown. 1858 (KJ 20.11.1858) . Slip, near New Quay, sit e unknown. 163 3 (Ledwich, 410). Veterinary establishment, Joh n St, site unknown, near John's Bridge (see 17 Transport). 1832; Water slip , Canal Walk E. 184 1 (OS). Moir 186 0 (KJ 18.4.1832,19.5.1860), 186 1 (KM 30.10.1861), Alexander Home 186 7 Guinan's slip , John's Quay, sit e unknown. 1873 (KJ 20.8.1873) . (KJ 13.4.1867) . Nore navigatio n works , Inistioge­Kilkenny­Durrow . 'T o b e mad e passable , fit t an d Kilkenny Veterinary Establishment, Pennyfeathe r Lane , site unknown. Kilkenny Veterinary servisable' fo r boats of 1 ton 158 1 (Proceedings an d papers (6), 200­1). Establishment 1837 ; veterinar y establishmen t 184 1 (KJ 4.11.1837 , 25.9.1841) . Canal. Kilkenny­Inistioge. £10,000 gran t in 1755 ; work commenced i n 1757 ; 8 km of Closed, moved to new premises in 1842 (see nex t entry). canal, 7 locks built; work ceased with canal unfinished in 1761 (Watters, 1872b , Veterinary establishment, Lowe r New St E., site unknown. Moved from Pennyfeathe r Lan e 84, 86 , 93). Canal 178 7 (FU 9.6.1787) . Se e als o 10 Streets: Canal Walk . (see previou s entry) in 184 2 (KM 30.4.1842); 186 6 (KJ 14.11.1866) . Quay, slips , landing places, lock (13455755): built by 176 1 (Watters, 1872b , 93). Veterinary establishment, Ros e Inn St E., site unknown. Molyneux 1841 (KJ 11.5.1841) . Stable, Bowce' s Lane , location unknown. 158 1 (Watters, 1881 , no. 103) . Kilkenny Veterinar y Infirmary, locatio n unknown. John Barr y 188 4 (Bassett, 85). Stables an d soldiers ' quarters , James' s Gree n N . (02255920) . Stable s an d soldiers ' Bacon yard, Black Mill S t E. 184 1 (OS). quarters, replace d b y Kilkenn y Hun t Clu b kennel s (se e 21 Entertainment ) b y Bacon yard, James's St N. 1841 (OS). Closed in c. 187 0 (Val . 2) . 1858 (Val . 2) . Bacon store , Parliamen t S t W., in former bacon factor y (se e 15 Manufacturing). Bacon Livery stables : store 1868­190 1 (Val . 2). Patrick St, sit e unknown. Mrs Seery 180 7 (U 10.1.1807) . Bacon yard, James's St, sit e unknown. 1869 (KJ 21.4.1869) . Pennyfeather Lane , sit e unknown . 1832 ; Thoma s Bradle y 184 3 (KJ 7.3.1832 , Culm yard, Patrick S t Upper, sit e unknown. Mr Cass 186 7 (KJ 17.4.1867) . 1.2.1843). Builder's yard, Bennettsbridge R d W., site unknown. W.K. Cleer e 188 4 (Bassett, 88). The Parade, site unknown. Mr Lloyd 183 6 (KJ 13.2.1836) . Builder's yard , Dean St , sit e unknown . Kyran Ronan , timber , deal, slat e and til e yard Location unknown. Mr Bianconi 1844 (KJ 3.7.1844) . 1884 (Bassett, 130) . Bateman's Qua y N . (07305925) . Buil t incorporatin g forme r forg e (se e 15 Builder's yard, John St , site unknown. William Read e 188 4 (Egan, 145) . Manufacturing) by 187 1 (OS). Builder's yard, location unknown. John Walker 188 4 (Egan, 145) . The Parade S. (07555675). c. 187 1 (Kenealy, 1970 , 48). Builder's yard, Walkin St , site unknown. William Read e 188 4 (Egan, 145) . Mail coac h office , locatio n unknown, perhaps in Royal Garter In n (see 16 Trades an d services). 178 9 (FU 9.12.1789) . 17 Transport Mail coac h office , Patric k St E., on site of later Masonic Lodge (se e 21 Entertainment) . Green's Bridge , R . Nore , Gree n S t t o Broguemaker' s Hil l (05356565) . Bridg e of 1841 (OS). Kilkenny c. 1200 ; 'bi g bridg e o f Kilkenny ' c. 122 3 (Carrigan , iii , 248). Milestone, Maudlin St N. (11955930) . 'Dublin 57 [Irish] miles' 18t h cent. (Lanigan and Presumably destroye d b y floo d i n 133 8 (Clyn ann., 28) . Rebuilt, destroyed b y Tyler, 98); 184 1 (OS). Extant 2000 . flood i n c. 1500 ; rebuilt by/Bishop Oliver Cantwell by 152 6 (Carrigan , i, 282). Great Souther n an d Wester n Railway . Waterfor d an d Kilkenn y Railway , 'Decayed' 1623 ; Grines Bridg e 162 6 (Ainsworth , 70) . Unnamed c. 165 5 (DS), Kilkenny­Thomastown lin e opene d i n 1848 , extende d t o Waterfor d i n 186 4 1708 (Pratt) . Green' s Bridge , 'ou t o f repair ' 171 0 (C B 4.10.1710) ; 175 8 (Murray an d McNeill , 21 ; O'Neill, 110) . Incorporated int o Great Souther n an d (Rocque). Destroyed b y flood i n 176 3 (Lewis, ii, 110) . Rebuilt on new sit e in c. Western Railway in 190 0 (Middlemas, 18). 1765 (se e nex t entry). Railway station , Dublin R d E. Opened i n 184 8 (Murra y and McNeill , 21) . Waterford Green's Bridge, R. Nore, Green S t to New Rd. Built t o replace forme r Green's Bridge and Kilkenn y Railway terminus c. 185 5 (Val. 1). Railway station, 2 cattle pens, (see previou s entry ) o n adjacen t sit e i n c. 176 5 (Laniga n an d Tyler , 92); 183 7 coal depot , 3 good s stores , signa l post , stabl e store , tank , 7 turntables , (Lewis, ii, 110) . Greensbridge 1841 ; Green's Bridge 1871­199 9 (OS) . weighbridge 1871 ; station, cattl e pens , coa l shoots , crane , 2 engin e sheds , 2 Irishtown Bridge , Breagagh R. , Irishtown to Water Gat e (04406250). Bridg e c. 1207 ; goods stores, 5 platforms, sa w pit, signal box, 2 workshops 1900 ; station, cattl e Cotterell's Bridge 1269 , 135 2 (Berry , 124 ; Liber primus, 25) . Repaired i n 156 8 pens, crane , 2 engin e sheds , 2 good s sheds , troughs , turntabl e 1946 ; station , (Ainsworth, 33) . Widening ordered i n 175 9 (KCM 5.4.1759). Bridg e a t Wate r crane, 2 platforms, 2 switches 198 3 (OS). New station house built in 1997 (local Gate 183 3 (KJ 27.2.1833). Unnamed 1841­199 9 (OS) . Irishtown Bridge 2000. information). Railwa y station , station , 2 platforms , tanks , wate r towe r 199 9 John's Bridge, R. Nore, John S t Lower to Ros e Inn S t (08005850) . 'Smal l bridge of (OS). MacDonag h Station 2000 . Kilkenny' c. 122 3 (Carrigan , iii, 248). Presumably destroye d b y floo d i n 133 8 (Clyn ann., 28) . Repaired in c. 135 1 (Liber primus, 27­8) . Destroyed by flood in Great Souther n an d Western Railway. Dublin­Bagenalstown line extended t o Kilkenny 1564 (Ainsworth , 26) . Unname d c. 165 5 (DS) . S t John' s Bridg e 170 7 (C B in 185 0 (Murray and McNeill, 17­21) . 15.3.1707), 170 8 (Pratt), 175 8 (Rocque). Destroyed b y flood i n 176 3 (Carrigan, Kilkenny Junctio n Railway . Kilkenny­Abbeyleix , opened i n 1865 , extende d t o iii, 46). Replaced b y new bridge on adjacent sit e by 177 2 (se e nex t entry). Maryborough (Portlaoise ) in 1867 , closed in 196 2 (Casserley, 66­7) . Platform, signa l post, Broguemaker' s Hil l E . (07056745): 187 1 (OS). Ferry, R. Nore, New Quay t o John's Quay. Starte d in 185 7 (KJ 3.6.1857) . 18 Utilities Wells: Holy wells : Angel's Well, Black Abbey Church; S t Canice's Well; S t Ciaran's Well ; St Francis' Well , S t Francis' Abbey ; St Mary's Well; S t Rock's Well , S t Rock' s graveyard, se e 11 Religion. Stock's Well , locatio n unknown. Stocwylle 1299 ; Stocwell e 133 0 (Ormond deeds, 1172-1350, 139 , 264). Stok's wel l 150 8 (Liber primus, 103) . Seven Springs , Cana l Wal k W. , 0.2 5 k m S.E . o f city . 7 well s 165 4 (CS). Seve n Springs 186 1 (KM 9.2.1861), 1871 ; well 1900­9 9 (OS) . Grainborough Well, location unknown. 1709 (Prendergast and Graves, 297) . Green's Hill W . 1841­1900; sprin g 194 6 (OS). Green's Hill W. , 0.5 km N. of city. 184 1 (OS). Green's Hill W, 0. 5 km N. of city. 1841 , 1871 (OS). Lacken Well, Dublin Rd S. Well­house, altered and improved, 1831 (plaque). Lacken Well 1841­1946 ; wel l 1983 , 199 9 (OS). Lacken Well , Wate r Barrac k S. , 0.2 5 km W. of city. 1841 ; well 1871 ; Lacken Wel l 1900^16 (OS) . Seven Springs, Gree n S t N. 1841­1946 (OS) . Irish Historic TownsTubbernahown Atlas, Green' s Hil l W . 0.5 k m N. of city. 1841 ; well 1871­1900 ; sprin g Royal Irish Academy1946 (OS). Cootes Lane S . (00104560). 184 3 (OS). Patrick St Upper W. (07555215). Replaced b y pump (q.v.) i n c. 187 4 (KJ 9.9.1874) . Spa Well, Canal Walk W, 0.25 km E. of city. 188 2 (KJ 12.8.1882) , 190 0 (OS), 2000. Street paving . Pavin g commence d i n 133 4 (Clyn ann., 25) . Pavemen t 133 5 (Liber John's Bridge, Bridge House an d Kilkenny Castl e fro m th e north, c. 180 0 (Robertson ) primus, 5) . Jenkin's Lan e paved in c. 1701 ; Hors e Barrack Lane paved in c. 171 5 John's Bridge , R. Nore , Joh n S t Lowe r to Ros e Inn St . Parliamentar y gran t fo r ne w (CB 27.5.1701 , 17.9.1719). New Quay pave d in c. 174 4 (KCM 30.10.1744) . bridge t o replace forme r John's Bridge (se e previou s entry ) in 1765 ; temporar y 'Common privy', nea r S t Francis' Abbe y (se e 11 Religion), site unknown. To be buil t bridge erected , remove d b y 176 6 (KC M 25.3.1765, 9.9.1766) . 3­arc h ston e over the Breagagh 157 9 (Watters, 1881 , no. 102) . bridge built by 177 2 (Proceedings an d papers (2), 261; Lewis, ii, 110). 'Palisade' Pounds: added in 178 0 (KCM 13.4.1780) . John's Bridge 184 1 (OS). In bad repair, 'lately Irishtown, site unknown. Common penfould 162 7 (Ainsworth, 76). Pound c. 1650 , c . designated "th e Pyrenees'" , to be removed 186 4 (KJ 10.1.1864) . John's Bridge 1846 (Prim, 1852 , 165) . Closed in c 181 8 (Doyle, 52). 1871­1900 (OS) . Replaced b y ne w single­arc h suspensio n bridge o n adjoining John S t Upper, N. end. (10456190) . The Poun d 175 8 (Rocque) , 177 5 (Neely , 1989 , site in 191 0 (Lanigan and Tyler, 97). John's Bridge 1946­9 9 (OS) . 159). Close d in c. 181 8 (Doyle, 52). Little Bridge , John S t Lower, over mil l rac e (se e 15 Manufacturing : Maudlin Mills) . Patrick's pound, near Kells Rd, site unknown. Patrick's pound 178 6 (FU 18.2.1786) . Built b y c. 122 3 (Carrigan , iii , 248­9). Destroye d b y flood , temporar y bridg e Wolfe Ton e S t E . (09056320) . Unname d 184 1 (OS) . Poun d c. 185 5 (Val . 1) . erected i n 178 7 (FU 14.11.1787) . Littl e Bridg e 183 5 (KM 31.10.1835) , 184 1 Corporation pound, not in use 185 8 (Val . 2) . Incorporated in grounds o f County (OS). Infirmary (se e 19 Health) in 1862 (KJ 18.10.1862) . Bridge, Breagag h R. , Kin g S t to S t Francis' Abbe y (se e 11 Religion), associated wit h Butts Pound, Butt's Green E. Butts Pound 184 2 (KM 25.6.1842). Pound 1841 , 1871; Grey Frere n Gat e (se e 12 Defence ) (04606305) . Sai d t o have been built befor e unnamed 1900 ; closed, built over by 194 6 (OS). 1540 (Hogan, 1884 , 393). Collier's Lane S . (04805830). 185 0 (Val . 1) . Old pound 188 7 (KJ 9.3.1887) . Blackfriars Bridge , Breagagh R. , Abbe y St . Bridg e 1633^ 4 (Ledwich , 408). Brega h Wolfe Ton e S t W. (09706255). 1871 ; unnamed 190 0 (OS). Bridge 170 1 (C B 28.3.1701) . Timbe r foo t bridg e 171 8 (Watters , 1872a , 54) . Street lighting. Oil lamps 176 8 (FU 19.10.1768) , 181 8 (Law, 1997, 67). Fryars Bridg e 175 8 (Rocque) , 178 7 (FU 8.8.1787) , 184 4 (KC M 6.2.1844). Gas light s erected i n St Mary's Lane in c. 1840 ; extended t o Evan's Lane, Poyntz' s Bregagh Bridg e 181 0 (U 11.8.1810) . Blackfriars Bridge 1841­199 9 (OS) . Lane, Red Lane, additional lamps to be added on Castlecomer Ne w Rd in c. 184 4 Black Mil l Bridge , Breagagh R. , Blac k Mill S t t o Water Barrack . Blac k Bridge 175 8 (KCM 5.10.1840 , 6.2.1844) . 17 7 ga s lamp s 184 9 (Law , 1997 , 71) . Se e als o (Rocque). Black Mill Bridg e 178 8 (FU 25.6.1788) , 1841 ; unnamed 1871­198 3 below, City Ga s Works. (OS). Demolishe d in 198 9 (local information). Weigh house , High S t W, opposit e tholse l (se e 13 Administration), site unknown . In Wooden bridge , R . Nore , Bishop' s Mill s t o Greensbridg e Woolle n Mil l (se e 15 need of repair 178 8 (FU 19.11.1788) . Manufacturing). Woode n bridge 1841 , 1871 (OS). Weigh house, The Parade N. (07455715). 1871 ; weighing machine 1900­4 6 (OS) . Railway bridge , ove r Castlecome r Ne w R d (10806240) . Buil t i n c. 186 5 (se e below , Weigh house, The Parade N. (07105740). Weigh house 187 1 (OS). Kilkenny Junctio n Railway) . Unnamed 1871­198 3 (OS) . Demolished b y 199 1 Weigh house, Parliament S t E. (05256100). 187 1 (OS). (local information). Weighbridge, Walkin S t S., associate d with starc h manufactory (se e 15 Manufacturing) Railway bridge , over John's Green (10206280) . Built i n c. 186 5 (se e below , Kilkenny and cor n stor e (se e 16 Trade s an d services) . 183 4 (KJ 22.3.1834) ; 1841 , 187 1 Junction Railway); 1866 (KM 10.11.1866) . Unnamed 1871­199 9 (OS) . Disused (OS). 2000. Weighbridge, Hebron Rd S. 184 1 (OS). Railway bridge , ove r Ne w R d (07206635) . Buil t i n c. 186 5 (se e below , Kilkenn y Weighbridge, John's Green. 1841 , 1871 (OS). Junction Railway). Unnamed 1871­1946 ; demolishe d by 198 3 (OS). Weighing table , Th e Parad e S . (07555675) . Public scale s 1841 , 184 7 (£7 13.10.1841, Convalescent hospital , Walkin St , sit e unknown. 181 5 (KM 29.4.1815) . 11.9.1847). Weighin g tabl e 185 0 (Val . 1) . Weighbridg e 1852 ; Parad e ounce l Fever hospital , Kell s R d S. , adjoinin g workhous e (se e 13 Administration) , sit e 1863 (£7 20.3.1852, 10.6.1863) . Corporation weighing table c. 186 4 (Val . 2) . unknown. 182 7 (KM 30.10.1827) . Weights and measures office, Ros e Inn St, sit e unknown. 1846 , 185 6 (Slater). Cholera hospital, location unknown. Closed in 183 2 (£7 24.12.1832). City crane , 'contiguou s t o th e market' , sit e unknown , perhaps sam e a s butte r marke t Ormonde Lying­i n Hospital , Walkin St , sit e unknown . Dr Gran t 183 4 (£7 1.1.1834) , crane (q.v.). 178 9 (FLJ 18.2.1789) . 1835 (KM 17.1.1835) . Crane, cran e house , Irishtow n E. (04306270) . 179 5 (FU 9.5.1795) . Ol d crane 186 0 Foundling hospital , D e Loughr y Plac e E. , in late r hors e barrack s (se e 12 Defence) . (Phelan an d Gibb, 34). Closed in c. 183 5 (KM 15.4.1835) . Butter marke t crane , S t Kieran' s S t E., in butter marke t (se e 16 Trades an d services) . Cholera hospital, Green St , sit e unknown. 1850 (KM 19.6.1850) . 1850 (Val . 1) . Butter crane 185 8 (Val . 2) ; removed by 188 4 (Hogan, 1884 , 261). Lock Hospital, Hebron Rd S., in grounds of Union Workhouse (se e 13 Administration) Public water pumps an d fountains : (12956185). 1871­1900 ; unname d 1946 ; demolished b y 198 3 (OS). The Parad e S . Parad e pump 183 5 (£7 4.11.1835). Withi n enclosur e 184 1 (OS) , c. Kilkenny Dispensary , Blac k Mill S t W. Opened in 1819 , 184 1 (OS). 1855 (Val. 1). Removed b y 187 1 (OS). Dispensary, Wellingto n Sq. , site unknown. 184 6 (Slater). Brewery Lan e W . Erected i n 183 6 (KC M 18.2.1836). Jenkin' s pum p 1841 ; pump Dispensary, Garde n Ro w W. (04555825). Dispensary 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1853; closed by c. 1871 (OS). 1870 (Val . 2) . John S t Upper, S . end. Erected in 183 6 (KCM 18.2.1836) , 1841 , 1871 (OS). Dispensary, Friar y St S . (04955680). 185 6 (Slater), 1857­191 0 (Val . 2) . John St , sit e unknown , probably sam e a s previou s entry . Pum p 1873 ; wheel pum p Lunatic asylum, location unknown, perhaps associated with County and City Gaol (se e 1874 (£7 20.8.1873, 9.9.1874) , 187 6 (KM 3.6.1876) . 13 Administration). 183 0 (£7 31.3.1830). High S t E. Pump 1841 ; unnamed 1871 ; pump 190 0 (OS). St Canice's Hospital, 1 km S.E. of city. Built in 1851 (£7 19.4.1851). Kilkenny Distric t Lord Edward S t S . Pump 1841­1900 ; fountai n 194 6 (OS). Lunatic Asylum 185 6 (Slater). Bal l alley built in 1862 (£7 19.3.1862). Kilkenny Patrick St , N. end. 184 1 (OS). District Lunati c Asylum : bal l alley , dus t pit , femal e dinin g hall , femal e side , Upper New S t W. 184 1 (OS). gravel pit , kitchen , laundry , mal e dinin g hall , mal e side , pum p house , stac k Walkin S t S . Pump 1841 , 1871; unnamed 1900 ; fountain 1946 ; hydrant 198 3 (OS). stands, weighbridge 187 1 (OS). Lunatic asylum 188 4 (Bassett , 71) . St Canice's Walkin's Lough Lane, sit e unknown. Erected in 184 5 (KC M 4.2.1845) . Hospital 2000 . Castlecomer Ne w Rd E. (11156325). Pump 1871­1900 ; fountain 1946 ; hydrant 198 3 National Ey e an d Ea r Infirmary , Hig h S t W . (05955820) . Ope n Saturday s 187 9 (£ 7 (OS). 22.2.1879). Grange R d E. (99756775). 1871­1900 ; fountai n 194 6 (OS). James's Green (02505885) . Pump 1871­190 0 (OS) . 20 Education The Parade N. (07255730). Pump 1871­194 6 (OS) . College of vicars choral of St Canice's Cathedral (se e 11 Religion), Vicar St W., on sit e Troy's Gate, N. end (03556600) . 1871 , 1946 (OS). of late r Common Hall (se e 22 Residence). Founde d by Bishop Geoffrey S t Leger James's St , nea r S t Mary' s Schoo l (se e 20 Education) , sit e unknown . 187 3 (£ 7 by 1287 ; episcopal manse granted a s residence and common hall, college, 8 vicars 20.8.1873). choral, 4 choristers 1615 ; 'formerl y a high class school of excellent character' c. John's Quay, at Guinan's sli p (see 17 Transport), site unknown. 1873 (£7 20.8.1873). 1620 (Carrigan, iii, 175­6, 7). Near Black Abbey Church (se e 11 Religion), site unknown. 187 3 (£7 20.8.1873). Grammar school , Churc h Lan e S. , i n o r o n sit e o f former Blac k Rath Castl e (se e 22 Near Green' s Bridg e (se e 17 Transport) , sit e unknown . 1873 , 187 7 (£7 20.8.1873 , Residence). Founde d b y Piers Butler, 8th earl of Ormond, in c. 153 8 (Holinshed, 24.2.1877). 59). Publi c lecture room c. 158 5 (Carrigan, iii, 7). Public school 1615 ; closed by Patrick S t Uppe r W, o n sit e o f former wel l (4.v.) . Buil t i n c. 187 4 (£7 9.9.1875) . 1650 (Carrigan, i, 259). School re­established i n c. 166 6 (Browne, 223; Carte, ii, Removed in 1961; re­erected i n 198 6 (plaque). appendix, 91) . 'Ancien t schoo l hous e o f th e diocese ' 167 9 (Ledwich , 487) . Maudlin St , near junction Seminar y Lane , sit e unknown. 187 7 (£7 27.10.1877). Transferred t o new premises in 168 4 (se e below , Kilkenny College). 'Old school Butt's Green (01006245) . 190 0 (OS). house' 1692 ; demolished , replace d b y S t Canice' s Librar y (q.v.) i n c. 169 3 City Ga s Works , John' s Gree n E . Kilkenn y Ga s Ligh t Co . forme d i n 183 8 (£ 7 (Ledwich, 492­3). 17.1.1838). Ga s works : chimney , condenser , coa l shed , ga s house , gasometer , School, locatio n unknown, perhap s sam e a s gramma r schoo l (se e previou s entry) , c. purifying shed , retort house 1841; City Gas Works, chimney, 2 gasometers 1871; 1658 (Barnard, 190). 4 gasometer s 1900 ; 2 original gasometer s removed b y 1946 ; unnamed, 2 tank s Catholic school, location unknown, perhaps same site a s next entry. 163 5 (Hagan , 88). 1983 (OS). Demolished, replaced b y coal yard by 198 9 (local information). Bishop Rothe's College, Rose Inn St, site unknown. Founded by Bishop David Rothe in Engine house, Canal Walk E. Engine house 184 1 (OS). Converted to lodge in 1845 (se e c. 1642 ; closed in 1650; also known as Irish Free School or College (Carrigan, i, 22 Residence: Canal Lodge). 259­60). Tenters: Jesuit college , sit e unknown , perhaps i n Irishtown. Opene d b y 1635 ; schoo l wit h 3 8 Butt's Green W. 184 1 (OS). Jesuits 164 2 (Hagan, 88) . Moved to John S t Lower in 164 5 (se e nex t entry). Canal Walk N. 1841­1900 (OS) . Jesuit college, John S t Lower W, in former S t John's Abbey (see 11 Religion). College Friary S t S . 184 1 (OS). for 1 8 Jesuits with oratory , library, refectory, dormitory , large an d smal l parlour, John S t Upper E. 184 1 (OS). kitchens, orchard, arboretum opene d i n 164 5 (Carrigan, iii, 254; Leonard, 51­3). Thomas S t E. 184 1 (OS). Closed, converted to military hospital (see 19 Health) in 1650 . Stephen's St E. 184 1 (OS). Jesuit school , locatio n unknown, perhaps Parliamen t S t W . 1666 , 166 7 (6 Fearghail, Manure yards : 1990, 215, n. 117). Near Commo n Hal l (se e 22 Residence) , sit e unknown, perhaps sam e a s nex t entry . Catholic school, location unknown. Founded b y Bishop James Phelan in 1686; elevate d 'Dung hole removed an d levelled' in 184 6 (£7 25.7.1846). to Roya l Colleg e o r Universit y of S t Canice , student s transferre d t o Kilkenn y Vicar St , E. end (04406350) . Corporation manure yar d 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1858­91 (Val. College (se e nex t entry) in 169 0 (Leonard, 25­6, 29). 2). Kilkenny College , C . o f I., boys, Joh n S t Lowe r E. , i n forme r Sei x Hous e (se e 22 John's Green , sit e unknown , perhap s sam e a s nex t entry . Manur e yar d 1852 ; Residence). Schoo l founde d b y Jame s Butler , 1s t duk e o f Ormonde , i n 1684 ; corporation dung yard 185 6 (£7 20.11.1852, 31.12.1856) . school house, court, outhouses, gardens, pigeon­house, meado w 168 4 (Ledwich , Wolfe Ton e S t E. (09506260), perhaps sam e a s previou s entry . Corporation manur e 508, 514). School, closed in 1689; reopened a s Royal University or College of St yard 1858­190 1 (Val . 2). Canice incorporating students from forme r Catholic school (see previous entry) in St Canice's Place, sit e unknown, perhaps same as nex t entry. Corporation dung yard February 1690 ; close d i n Jul y 1690 ; reopene d a s secondar y schoo l i n 169 1 1856 (£7 31.12.1856). (Leonard, 40, 29, 42). Free school 170 8 (Pratt) . The College, College Park 175 8 St Canice's Place, sit e unknown, perhaps same as previous entry. Manure depot 189 4 (Rocque). Building demolished , replace d b y adjacen t premise s at cost of £5,000 (£7 20.1.1894) . in 178 2 (Egan , 260 ; datestone) ; 3 6 boarders , 2 9 da y scholar s 178 8 (Quane , Graveyard, Broguemaker's Hil l W . (06656805). 187 7 (Val . 2) . 60­61). Kilkenn y Colleg e o r Classical School , 22 boarders and 41 day scholar s Kilkenny Unio n Cemetery , O'Loughli n R d E . (15556265) . Opene d i n 189 3 (£ 7 1824 (Glassford, 196) . 45 boys 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 147b) . Kilkenny College, 23.9.1893). Burial ground 1900­4 6 (OS) . Closed in c. 196 8 (local information). College Par k 184 1 (OS) . D r Brown' s colleg e 185 6 (Ir. educ. rept 23, 115) . Public park 2000 . College, bal l alle y 187 1 (OS) . 3 boarders, 4 da y boy s 1879 ; amalgamate d wit h Pococke Colleg e (q.v.) i n 190 3 (Quane , 60­61 , 63) . Kilkenny Colleg e 1900­46 ; 19 Health Irish HistoricRoyal Irish Towns Academycolleg e 198Atlas3 (OS) . Pupils transferre d t o new premises , Castlecome r R d in 198 5 St John th e Evangelist's Hospital , Greensbridge S t E., on site of later S t Maul's Church (local information). Count y Hall 2000 . (see 11 Religion). 'Hospital of St John at head of bridge of Kilkenny' establishe d Royal College of Physicians, locatio n unknown. 1687 (Leonard, 23). by 120 2 (Carrigan , iii , 248). Probabl y close d o n foundatio n o f priory (se e 11 Industrial school, location unknown. To be established 170 5 (Neely , 1989, 104) . Religion: S t John's Abbey) in 1211. Charity school, C. of I., locatio n unknown. Charity school, opened in 171 7 (Quane, 44). St Joh n th e Baptist' s Hospita l (Knights of S t Thoma s th e Marty r o f Aeon), location Blow Boys Hospital 1718 (KCM 16.5.1718) . Closed by 173 3 (Quane , 44). unknown. Founded b y 1219 ; possessions confirmed in c. 1240 ; closed probabl y School, R.C , Patric k S t E. , adjacen t t o S t Patrick' s Chape l (se e 11 Religion) , sit e in 14t h cent. (Gwynn and Hadcock, 343) . unknown. 173 1 (Carrigan, i, 146). St Mary Magdalen's Hospital , Maudlin S t N. (11706000) . Leper hospital 132 7 (Gwynn Schools, 2 , St John's parish, R.C, site s unknown. 1731 (Carrigan, i, 146). and Hadcock, 352). Leper house, needing repair 135 2 (Liber primus, 18) . Ruined Schools, 3 , St Canice's parish, R.C, boys, sites unknown. 1731 (Carrigan, i, 146). chapel, orchard, small tower 154 1 (Extents Ir. mon. possessions, 201) . Infirmary School, St Canice's parish, R.C, girls, sit e unknown. 1731 (Carrigan, i, 146). 1629 (KCA CR/I/53). Graveyard: graveslabs 13th—14t h cent. (Carrigan , iii, 245); later S t John's graveyar d [east] (se e 11 Religion: St John's R.C. Chapel). Y • Magdalen Castle: castl e 152 0 (Hogan, 1884 , 213); small castle, 'buil t for the defenc e of th e lepers and dwellers in the suburbs', vacant , 'wort h nothing' 154 1 (Extents Ir. mon. possessions, 201) ; Magdalen Castle , lease d by corporatio n to Thoma s Kranisburge, 'bes t chamber ' reserve d fo r burgesse s wit h leprosy , i n 159 8 (Carrigan, iii , 243); c. 169 8 (Place) , c. 176 0 (Mitchell) ; old castle 1841 , 1871; castle, in ruins 1900­9 9 (OS) . Magdalen's Gate , adjoinin g Magdalen Castl e (q.v.): c. 169 8 (Place) ; Maudlins Gate 1711 (C B 23.6.1711) ; Magdalen' s Gat e 175 8 (Rocque) ; c. 176 0 (Mitchell) ; " " A . • • . demolished by 184 1 (OS). *<* Military hospital , Joh n S t Lowe r W, i n forme r Jesui t colleg e (se e 20 Education) . *> SO J - K Opened for wounded soldiers and maternity use in 1650; burnt in 1650 (Leonard, -

53). Close d by 165 4 (CS). ; 1 Hospital, S t Kieran St W., site unknown. Former hospital 165 4 (CS). Hospital, in Irishtown, 'a t th e uppe r hill' , sit e unknown. 'Pest house' establishe d i n c. 1665; closed in 166 8 (Clyn ann., 65) . Hospital, locatio n unknown. Opene d b y Genera l Godar d Ginkel , 2 0 bed s 169 0 (C B 12.11.1690). County Infirmary , John's Green N. Site selecte d i n 176 1 (KCM 16.5.1761). Opened in •­1 1767 (Tighe , 516) . Count y Infirmar y 1841­190 0 (OS) . Closed , patient s •* transferred t o St Luke's Hospital, Freshford Rd, in 1942 (Doyle, 114) . Institute for Higher Education 2000 (plaque) . Se e als o 18 Utilities: pound , Wolfe Ton e S t E. - > Kilkenny Feve r Hospital, Wolfe Ton e St N. House of recovery an d fever hospital 180 3 .,...... ­ ~* (17 30.4.1803) . Kilkenn y Feve r Hospita l 182 1 (KM 4.1.1821) , 182 4 (Pigot). Fever hospita l 1841 ; 2 wing s adde d b y 1871 ; 1900­46 ; hospita l 198 3 (OS) . * Auxiliary hospita l 197 0 (local information). Hospita l 1999 (OS). Burrell's Hall, c. 184 2 (O Fearghail, 1982 , p. 19 ) School, St Mary's parish, R.C., boys, site unknown. 1731 (Carrigan, i, 146). Mrs Willia m Pack' s ladies ' boardin g school , Patric k S t E . (07055640) . 181 5 (KM Schools, 4, St Mary's parish, R.C., girls, sites unknown. 1731 (Carrigan, i, 146). 22.7.1815), 182 4 (Pigot). Closed , reopene d a s Logieria n Academy o f Music Charter schoolhouse , 1. 5 k m E. of city. Opene d i n 1745 ; 40 boy s 1748 , 3 2 boy s 178 5 (^.v.) by 1831. (Quane, 44­8). Closed, reopened a s Pococke Colleg e (q.v.) i n 1817 . Mrs Cody' s ladies' school , location unknown. Transferred to new premises in 1815 (se e Lintown Weavin g School , Green' s Hil l W. , o n sit e o f late r Factor y Hous e (se e 22 next entry). Residence). Founde d by Bishop Richard Pococke before 1763 ; Lintown cotton and Mrs Cody' s ladies ' school , St Kieran's St , 'in one of Mr Smithwick's new houses', sit e linen factory , master , usher , 2 8 boys , hous e wit h 2 dormitories , schoo l room , 2 unknown. Transferre d fro m forme r premise s (se e previou s entry ) in 181 5 (KM work room s 180 8 (Quane , 48­51) . Transferre d t o ne w premise s (se e below , 12.1.1815). Pococke College ) i n 181 7 (Quane , 48) . Se e als o 15 Manufacturing : Lintow n James Healy's privat e day school , S t Patrick's parish , sit e unknown, c. 1815 ; 45 boy s Factory. and 1 5 girls 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 149b) . Burrell's Hall, James's St N., R.C. , in former wine store (see 16 Trades and services) an d Pococke College , 1. 5 k m E . o f city , i n forme r charte r schoolhous e (q.v.). Pocock e residence (se e 22 Residence : Burrell's Hall). Burrell' s Hall, opene d a s diocesa n Institution, opene d i n 1817 ; 'factor y boardin g school' , 1 6 boys 1835 ; 6 5 boy s college in 1783 (6 Fearghail, 1982 , 18). Closed, students transferred to St Canice's 1879 (Quane , 48 , 52 , 55) . Pocock e Colleg e 188 4 (Bassett , 50) . Closed , Academy (q.v.) i n 179 2 (Carrigan, i, 265). Lay college, 22 boarders, 4 4 day boys , amalgamated wit h Kilkenn y College (q.v.) i n 1903 . incorporating student s fro m S t Canice' s Academ y (q.v.) opene d i n 181 7 ( O Carroll's schoo l fo r boys , Seminar y Lane , R.C , sit e unknown . Paris h schoo l 182 4 Fearghail, 1982 , 38) . Rev d Nichola s Shearman' s la y colleg e 182 4 (Pigot). ' A (Glassford, 193) . 'Held o n the middle floor of an old house', 62 pupils c. 182 4 commodious house' , 8 0 pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan , iii, 512). Day school , 5 0 boy s (Carrigan, iii, 511). and 1 0 girls 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 148b) . 10 2 pupils 183 6 (O Fearghail, 1982 , George Leech's ladies' boardin g school, The Parade S., R.C. (07855650). 182 4 (Pigot). 38). S t James' s Colleg e 183 3 (KJ 29.6.1833) . Burrel l Hal l boardin g school , 7 0 Private house, 1 7 pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 512). boys an d girl s 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept 2 , 148b) . Burrell' s Hall closed , student s James Cody' s boardin g an d da y school , Wellingto n Sq. , R.C , sit e unknown . 182 4 transferred t o St Kieran's College (q.v.) i n 183 9 (Carrigan , i, 276). Burrell's Hall (Pigot). ' 2 rooms in his own house' c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 512). 1841 (OS). Demolished in c. 184 2 (KJ 7.9.1842), replaced by St Mary's Cathedral Hendricken's da y school , Parliament St , site unknown. 182 4 (Pigot). (see 11 Religion). McEvoy's school, R.C, location unknown. 39 boys and girls 1824 (Glassford, 193) . Chapel Lan e Infan t School , Chape l Lan e N. , associated wit h Chape l Lan e Nationa l Maria Doyle' s ladies ' boardin g school , S t Kieran' s St , R.C , sit e unknown . 182 4 School (see next entry) (04655860). Opened in 1784 (Birch, 3). Chapel Lane Infant (Pigot). ' A room in her own house', 40 pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 512). Day School, 19 7 boys 185 6 (Ir. educ. rept 23, 134­5) . school, 1 1 boys, 4 8 girl s 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 148b) . Boardin g an d da y Chapel Lane National School, Chapel Lane N, R.C., boys. Free school founded in 178 4 school 184 6 (Slater). (Glassford, 190­91). St James's Charity School 1812 (U 4.3.1812) . 15 3 boys 182 4 Mr an d Mrs Geddes protestant ladies ' boardin g school, William St , site unknown. 182 4 (Glassford, 190­91) . Supporte d b y beques t of Nicholas Kerava n mad e in 182 5 (Pigot). ' A room in a house' c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 512). (Endowed schools rept, 142­3) . Day school, 405 pupils 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept 2, Parochial school , S t Kieran' s S t W, C . o f I. Parochia l fre e school , 'fo r th e unite d 148b). Chape l Lan e Nationa l School 184 1 (OS) . National school 185 0 (Val . 1). parishes' 182 4 (Glassford , 190) . Da y school , 14 3 boy s an d girl s 183 5 (Publ. Sisters of Charity schoo l 1858 ; parochia l schoo l 186 5 (Val . 2). National schoo l instr. rept 2, 148b) . Parochial subscriptio n schoo l 1841 ; parochial schoo l 187 1 1871; schoo l 1900­83 ; demolished by 199 9 (OS). See als o previous entry. (OS), 1858­7 6 (Val . 2) . Miss Quirke's school, location unknown. 1786 (FU 31.5.1786). Sarah Teape's ladies' da y school, St Kieran's St, site unknown. 1824 (Pigot). '1 0 pupils Mr Jones' s school, Canal Walk, site unknown. Opened in 1786 (FU 18.10.1786) . Moved in a room' c . 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 512). to ne w premises in 1792 (se e nex t entry). Thomas Tynan' s da y school , St John's parish, sit e unknown. Tynan's hedg e school, 3 8 Mr Jones' s English boarding school, St Kieran's St , sit e unknown. Opened i n 1792 (FLJ boys and girls 1824 (Glassford, 193) . Schoolhouse give n by Ormonde family, 3 9 4.4.1792). Se e als o previous entry. boys, 1 3 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 147b) . See als o next entry. Mrs Jones' s ladies ' boardin g school , locatio n unknown , probabl y S t Kieran' s St , se e Francis Tynan' s school , New Rd, site unknown. 'A room in a private house', 50 pupils previous entry. Opened in 1792 (FU 9.6.1792) . c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 511). Perhaps same as previous entry . Mr Talbot' s school , High S t E., in tholsel assembly room s (se e 13 Administration). 178 6 Andrew Wolfe's school, R.C, Parliament S t W., i n Rothe House (se e 2 2 Residence). 'In (FU 29.11.1786) . a garret of his house', 40 pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 512). Mrs Connor' s school , St Kieran's St, site unknown, 'at the widow Comerford's'. Opene d Catherine Duggan' s school , Walki n St , sit e unknown . 'In a garre t o f he r house' , 3 0 in 178 6 (FU 28.6.1786) . pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 512). Philip Fitzgibbon's school, John St , site unknown. 1786 (FU 11.11.1786) . Catherine Jones ' school , Green' s Hill , sit e unknown . Small cabin, 3 0 pupil s c. 182 4 White's wall school, location unknown. 1786 (FU 29.11.1786) . (Carrigan, iii, 511). English Academy , Parliamen t S t W , i n Roth e Hous e (se e 22 Residence) . Englis h Charles Barry' s school, St Mary's Lane, R.C, site unknown. 1 small room, 80 pupils c. Academy 1787 ; 179 2 (FU 24.1.1787 , 22.12.1792) . Georg e Buchanan' s schoo l 1824 (Carrigan, iii, 512). 1808 (Lanigan, 1967, 8). See als o next entry. Classical, Mercantil e and Mathematica l School, Chape l Lane , sit e unknown. Michael English Academy , Tilbur y Place , sit e unknown. Mr Buchanan 181 0 (U 21.7.1810) . 'A Barry, ' a good school house', 280 pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 512). Transferred good airy room', 40 pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 512). See als o next entry. to James' s St S . in 183 7 (se e nex t entry). English Academy, St Kieran's St, site unknown. English Academy, G.C. Buchanan, 'lon g Classical, Mercantil e an d Mathematica l School , James' s S t S. , nea r Presentatio n established' 183 0 (KJ 16.10.1830). Se e als o previous 2 entries. convent (se e 11 Religion) , sit e unknown . M[ichael ] Barry , transferre d fro m Kilkenny Subscriptio n School, location unknown, perhaps same a s charte r schoolhous e Chapel Lane (se e previou s entry) in 183 7 (KJ 25.3.1837) . (q.v.) o r Chapel Lane National School (q.v.). 178 9 (FU 17.1.1789) . Clohessy's hedge school, Maudlin St , R.C, sit e unknown. 'A room in a private house', St Canice's Academy, Church Lane N, in later St James's Park House (se e 22 Residence) . 62 pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 511). 35 boys and girls 1824 (Glassford, 193) . Day schoo l opened in 1789; diocesan colleg e transferred fro m Burrell's Hall (q.v.) Con Hogan' s school , Green' s Hill , sit e unknown . Thatched cabin , 6 0 pupil s c. 182 4 in 179 2 (Carrigan , i, 265). Diocesan colleg e transferre d t o Maudlin S t Seminar y (Carrigan, iii, 511). (q.v.) i n 1811 ; day schoo l closed , transferre d t o Burrell's Hall (q.v.) i n 181 7 ( O Eliza McKenna's school , Chapel Lane , R.C, sit e unknown. 1 room, 45 pupils c. 182 4 Fearghail, 1982 , 28, 38). Building converted t o private residence by 184 1 (se e 22 (Carrigan, iii, 512). Residence: St James's Park House) . Frances Grace's day an d boarding school, Irishtown, R.C, sit e unknown. Stone house, English and Mathematical Academy, Rose Inn St, site unknown. Michael O'Riordan 179 0 65 pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 511). 7 boys, 2 3 girls 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept 2, (FU 26.6.1790) . 147b). Dancing school, Parliament St , site unknown. D. O'Brien 179 4 (FU 1.1.1794) . Free school , Hig h S t W, i n Cit y Gao l (se e 13 Administration) . 6 pupil s c . 182 4 French an d English boarding school, Patrick St, site unknown. Mrs Sommers 179 5 (FU (Carrigan, iii, 512). 21.2.1795). John Green's school, Butt's Green, R.C, sit e unknown. Stone house, 35 pupils c. 182 4 Mr Lawler' s school, location unknown. 179 5 (FU 26.12.1795) . (Carrigan, iii, 511). Miss Perry's school , S t Kieran's St , sit e unknown. Music school, harpsicord, pianoforte , John Green' s school , Ne w St , R.C , sit e unknown . Smal l room , 1 4 pupil s c . 182 4 guitar, 1796 ; converted t o girls' schoo l in 179 8 (FU 1.6.1796 , 18.4.1798) . (Carrigan, iii, 512). Dancing school, location unknown. Mr Fleming, opened i n 179 8 (FU 7.3.1798) . John Brown' s school, Patrick St , R.C, sit e unknown. 45 pupils c . 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, Presentation school , James's St S., associated with Presentation conven t (see 11 Religion). 512). Opened i n 180 0 (Hegarty , 10) . 30 0 girls , 'spinnin g schoo l fo r 3 0 girls ' 181 8 John Kelly' s day school, Lord Edward St, R.C, sit e unknown. Stone house, 11 7 pupils (Quane, 71 ; Hegarty , 55) . 3 5Irish pupil s i n conven tHistoric orpha n schoo l 182 4 (Pigot). Townsc. 182 4Atlas (Carrigan, iii, 511) . 55 boys and 1 3 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 147b) . Presentation conven t school , 2 9 orphan s an d 15 8Royal girl s 182 4 (Glassford , 194)Irish. AcademyJohn Rogan' s protestan t school , S t Kieran' s St , sit e unknown . ' A room i n hi s ow n Endowed by Nicholas Keravan in 182 4 (Endowed schools rept, 142) . '2 rooms a t house', 1 8 pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 512). convent', 20 0 pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 512). 400 pupils 183 1 (KJ 19.2.1831) . John Tobin' s school , Bennettsbridge Rd , R.C, sit e unknown. Mud cabin, 50 pupils c. Presentation chape l an d schoo l 184 1 (OS) . Convent school , 67 0 girl s 185 6 (Ir. 1824 (Carrigan, iii, 512). educ. rept 23, 136­7) . 20 4 averag e attendanc e 185 8 (Endowed schools rept, John Ward' s school , Patric k St , R.C . an d C . of I., site unknown . 'Roo m in master's 142­3). Chape l an d nationa l school , girls ' schoo l 187 1 (OS) . R.C . chape l an d house', 36 pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 512). school 1858­9 7 (Val . 2) . School , chape l 1900­8 3 (OS) . Demolishe d o n Kyran Walsh' s da y school , Kenny's Wel l St , sit e unknown. Thatched ston e house, 5 0 construction of shopping centre in 199 2 (local information). pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 511). 34 boys and 1 9 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, Orphan house: 183 7 (Lewis, ii, 113). 147b). Convent nationa l school (04505940) : built in 186 0 (former wall plaque) ; 189 7 (Val . 2) ; Mary Carrigan' s school , Pennyfeather Lane , R.C, sit e unknown. 'A room in her own school 1900­8 3 (OS) ; demolishe d o n constructio n o f shoppin g centr e i n 199 2 house', 30 pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 512). (local information). Mary Murphy' s school , Chape l Lane , sit e unknown . Smal l room , 5 pupil s c. 182 4 Industrial school (04705950): 1889 , 190 1 (Val. 2) . (Carrigan, iii, 512). French an d Englis h Academy , Willia m S t S. , girl s (04955765). Opene d i n 180 1 (FU Michael Frayn's school , Walkin St , R.C, sit e unknown. Small room, 50 pupils c. 182 4 5.8.1801). (Carrigan, iii, 512). Miss Ratigan's boarding school, Patrick St, site unknown. Opened in 1802 (U 21.8.1802) . Michael Lynch's private day school, Michael's Lane, site unknown. 'A room in a stone Classic an d Englis h School , Joh n St , 'nea r John' s Bridge ' (se e 17 Transport) , sit e house', 32 pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 511). 32 boys an d 3 2 girls 183 5 (Publ. unknown. Boardin g an d da y school , Laurenc e Quinla n 180 4 (U 11.1.1804 , instr. rept 2, 147b) . 1.8.1804). Mrs Anderson' s ladies ' school , John St , C. of I., sit e unknown. '10 pupils in a room of Mrs Christy' s boarding school, Parliament St , girls, site unknown. 1804 (U 25.2.1804) . a private house' c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 511). Louis Anderson 182 4 (Pigot). Mr s Mrs Leech' s school , locatio n unknown , probabl y sam e a s Georg e Leech' s ladies ' Anderson 183 0 (KJ 28.7.1830) . boarding school (q.v.). 180 6 (U 26.4.1806) . Nicholas Martin's school, Collier's Lane, R.C, sit e unknown. Small room, 23 pupils c. Classical an d Mercantil e Boarding an d Da y School , Patrick St , sit e unknown . Terence 1824 (Carrigan, iii, 512). Doyle 181 1 (U 10.7.1811) . Pat Grace' s school , James' s St , R.C, sit e unknown . 'A room in his ow n house', 8 0 Maudlin St Seminary or College, Maudlin St N. (10955970) . Opened a s diocesan college , incorporating students from S t Canice's Academy (q.v.), i n 1811; closed, students pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 512). moved to Birchfield College , 1. 5 km S . of city, building converte d t o presbyter y Pat Moran' s school , Patric k St , R.C , sit e unknown . 'I n a cabin' , 8 4 pupil s c. 182 4 (see 22 Residence) in 1814 (6 Fearghail, 1982 , 28, 32). (Carrigan, iii, 512). Catherine Pack' s ladies ' boardin g school , High St , sit e unknown . Opened, 9 pupils, in Patrick Beckett's school , Butt's Green , R.C, sit e unknown. Stone house, 60 pupils c. 1812 (U 2.12.1812 ; Law, 1995, 140). 1824 (Carrigan , iii, 511). Se e als o below, Martin Beckett' s da y school , Patrick English, Mathematica l an d Classica l Academy , Chape l Lane , sit e unknown . Michael Beckett's da y school . Ryan 181 2 (U 29.2.1812) . Patrick Kelly's da y school , Vicar St, R.C, sit e unknown. 'Upper room in a cabin', 6 5 Anne Perry's school , St Kieran's St, adjacent t o collector's office (se e 13 Administration), pupils c . 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 511). 30 boys, 1 0 girls, 'evenin g schoo l for 5 or 6 site unknown. Opened in 1815 (KM 28.1.1815) . children by the same master' 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 146b) . Feinaiglian School, John's Quay E., in Nore View House (se e 22 Residence). Feinaiglia n Paul Ivory' s school , John' s Green , R.C , sit e unknown . 'Ston e an d mu d house' , 3 0 Institution 1815 ; Feinaiglia n Da y an d Boardin g Schoo l 183 6 (KM 17.1.1815 , pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 512). 12.10.1836). Nore View Collegiate Boarding and Day School 184 9 (KJ 7.7.1849). Richard Preston' s an d Mar y Rogan's school , S t Kieran' s St , C . of I., site unknown . Feinaiglian School 185 6 (Slater). Converte d to Kilkenny Commercial Club (see 21 Stone house, 12 2 pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 512). Perhaps same as parochia l Entertainment: Hom e Rule Club premises) b y 1882 . school (q.v.). Robert Reede' s school , Parnel l St , R.C. , sit e unknown . 2 rooms , 7 2 pupil s c. 182 4 Mr Ranalow' s musi c school , Patric k S t E . (07105625) . 184 7 (KJ 1.10.1847) , 188 4 (Carrigan, iii, 512). (Bassett, 137) . Thomas Fitzpatrick' s school, Maudlin St , sit e unknown, probably sam e a s Fitzpatrick's Misses Gree n an d Den's girls' school , Walkin St , site unknown. 184 9 (KJ 26.12.1849) . day school (q.v.), perhap s on site of later St John's School, Dublin Rd (q.v.). Mud St Canice' s Nationa l School , Butt' s Gree n E . (01106275) . Nationa l schoo l 185 0 (KJ house, 68 pupils c. 182 4 (Carrigan, iii, 511). 12.1.1850). Rebuilt in 1864 (Lanigan and Tyler, 86). St Canice's National School CB. Bailey' s musical academy, High St, site unknown. Opened in 1827 (KM 31.1.1827) . 1871; schoo l 1900­46 ; demolishe d by 198 3 (OS). Kilkenny Classica l an d English School, John's Quay, sit e unknown. Mr Burrowes 182 7 Mr Edwar d R. Disney's academy , William St , sit e unknown. 185 1 (KM 1.3.1851) . (KM 4.8.1827) , 183 0 (KJ 4.8.1830) . Miss Cummins' s ladies ' da y school , Patric k St , sit e unknown . Opene d i n 185 3 (KM St John's School, Dublin Rd S. St John's New School, built in c. 182 9 (KM 16.12.1829) . 8.1.1853), 185 6 (Slater). St John's Subscriptio n Schoo l 183 0 (KJ 20.11.1830) . Lacke n Schoo l 184 1 (KM National Model School, Ormonde Rd W. Model national schools, buil t in 1853 (Slater). 10.2.1841). S t John' s Nationa l Schoo l 1841 , 1871 ; St John' s Schoo l 1900­4 6 Kilkenny Distric t Model School, 12 8 pupils 185 6 (Ir. educ. rept 23, 134­5) . 14 2 (OS). Know n a s Lacken School mid 20th cent, (loca l information). Converted to pupils 188 3 (Ir. educ. rept 50, 538) . National Model School 1871 ; model schoo l parochial hall in 195 2 (Doyle, 49). 1900 (OS). Converted t o City Technical School in 1939 (Lanigan and Tyler, 53). Boarding and day school for young ladies, Wellington Sq., site unknown. Mrs Kelly an d Ceardscoil n a Cathrac h 194 6 (OS) ; school 1983 , 199 9 (OS) . Ormonde Colleg e Mrs Pric e 183 0 (KJ 9.6.1830) . 2000 (wall plaque) . Miss Whelan's school , James's St, girls, sit e unknown. Opened i n 1830 (KJ 2.10.1830) . Infant school , location unknown. Opened in 1854, 4 pupils 185 6 (Ir. educ. rept 23, 109) . St Mary's Subscription School, location unknown, perhaps same as parochial school, St Miss Burke's seminar y fo r young ladies, John St , sit e unknown. 1854 (KJ 11.1.1854) . Kieran's S t (q.v.). 183 0 (KJ 20.11.1830) . Mr O'Shee' s school, William St , sit e unknown. 185 4 (KJ 15.4.1854) . St Patrick's Parochia l School, location unknown. St Patrick's Subscriptio n School 1830 ; Henrietta McCreery's boarding and day school, William St, site unknown. 1856 (Slater). St Patrick's Parochia l Schoo l 183 1 (KJ 20.11.1830, 12.1.1831) . John McDonnell's school, Chapel Lane, sit e unknown. 185 6 (Slater). Logierian Academ y o f Music , Patric k S t E. , i n forme r Mr s Willia m Pack' s ladies ' Maria Doyle' s boardin g an d da y school , John' s Bridge , sit e unknown . 185 6 (Slater). boarding schoo l (q.v.). Logieria n Academy of Music 183 1 (Law, 1995 , 140 ; KJ Closed by 2000 (local information). 11.5.1831). Juvenile Distric t Model School, Maudlin S t S . 1857 ; converted t o tenements in c. 185 8 Michael Broderic's private week­day school , S t John's parish, sit e unknown. Opened in (Val. 2) . 1831, 4 0 boys, 1 6 girls 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept2, 147b) . Ladies' boarding and day school, Wellington Sq. S. (04305825). Mr Michael MacDonald Miss Whelan's boardin g and day school, Patrick St, site unknown. 1831 (KJ 27.8.1831) . 1857; ladies ' boardin g an d da y schoo l 186 1 (KJ 4.4.1857 , 5.1.1861) , 188 1 James Kehoe's privat e day school , S t John's parish, sit e unknown. Opened i n 1832 , 2 6 (Slater). boys, 1 0 girls 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept2, 148b) . Mr Patric k Mooney' s school , Blac k Mil l St , sit e unknown . Opene d i n 185 9 (KJ Kilkenny Classica l an d English School, Patrick St, sit e unknown. Revd William Stone , 30.7.1859). opened i n 1832 ; 183 3 (KJ 10.10.1832 , 12.1.1833) . St Joseph' s Nationa l School , S t Patrick' s parish , sit e unknown . Buil t i n c . 186 0 (KJ Mr McGill' s boardin g an d selec t da y school , Maudli n S t N. , in forme r Maudli n S t 5.5.1860). 19 1 pupils 188 3 (Ir. educ. rept 50, 538). Seminary (q.v.). Opene d i n 183 2 (KJ 25.4.1832). 2 5 boys 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept Evans's Asylu m infants ' school , Joh n S t Lowe r W. , i n Evans' s Asylu m (se e 22 2, 148b) . Moved to new premises in 183 6 (se e nex t entry). Residence). 186 1 (KM 23.2.1861), 190 0 (OS). Mr J.H . McGill's school , Walki n St , sit e unknown . Transferred fro m Maudli n S t (se e Mrs Semple' s French and English school, Patrick St, site unknown. 1861 (KM 2.1.1861) . previous entry) in 183 6 (KJ 10.8.1836) . Christian Brothers ' infan t school , Tilbur y Plac e W . Christia n Brothers ' schoo l c. Mrs McGill' s ladies' boardin g and day school, Wellington Sq. W. (04155840). 183 2 (KJ 1861­1901 (Val . 2) . Infant school 1871­1900 ; schoo l 1946­9 9 (OS) . 6.6.1832). Miss O'Mara's boardin g and day school for young ladies, Wellington Sq., site unknown. Noreview Seminary , John' s Qua y E. , i n Nore Vie w Hous e (se e 22 Residence) . Nor e 1864 (AT y 19.10.1864) . View Ladies ' Seminary , 1 2 pupil s 183 2 (KJ 10.3.1832) , 183 6 (KM 9.7.1836) . St Patrick's Convent School, Upper New St W. Christian Brothers' schoo l 186 4 (Val. 2). Noreview Seminary 1841 ; unnamed, presumabl y reverte d to private residence by St Patrick's Schools , Christia n Brothers 187 1 (OS) . Taken ove r b y Sister s of St 1871 (OS). Camillus in c. 189 0 (see 11 Religion: St Camillus Convent). St Patrick's Conven t English, Frenc h an d Musica l Academy , Joh n St , 'withi n 1 door o f th e bridge' , sit e School 1900 , schools 1946 ; school 1983,1999 (OS) . St John of God School 2000. unknown. Mr s Joh n McCreer y 1834 ; boardin g an d da y schoo l 183 6 (KJ St Canice's Female National School, Dean St S. (01806165). Opened in c. 186 7 (Val . 2). 22.3.1834,2.1.1836). St Canice' s Nationa l Schoo l (female ) 1871 ; St Canice' s Femal e Schoo l 1900 ; Mr Cody' s boarding school for young gentlemen, Friary St, 'opposit e th e chapel' (se e 11 converted t o parochial hall by 1946 ; demolished by 199 9 (OS). Religion: S t Francis' Capuchi n Friary), sit e unknown. 183 4 (KJ 27.12.1834) . Loreto Secondar y School , Churc h Lan e N. , in N. win g o f Loret o Conven t (se e 11 Mrs Maycock' s boarding and day school , location unknown. 183 4 (KJ 3.10.1834) . Religion), R.C. Loreto boarding and day school, opened in 1868 (KJ 10.10.1868) . Oliver Fogarty' s privat e da y school , S t Patrick' s parish , sit e unknown . Established i n School 1900­46 ; unname d 199 9 (OS). Loreto Secondary Schoo l 2000 . 1834, 57 boys, 2 8 girls 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 149b) . Mr Scott' s grinding institution, Gallows Green, sit e unknown. 186 8 (KM 29.2.1868) . Schoolhouse, Ros e Inn St, site unknown. 1834 (KJ 8.2.1834) . St Mary's School, James's St N. Built by c. 186 8 (Val. 2) . St Mary's Christian Brothers' Fitzpatrick's da y school , S t Mary' s parish , sit e unknown , probabl y sam e a s Thoma s Schools 1871 ; St Mary's School 1900­46 ; schoo l 1983 , 199 9 (OS). Fitzpatrick's school (q.v.). 4 8 boys, 1 2 girls 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 149b) . Presentation infan t school , Re d Lan e S . (04905910) . Infan t schoo l 1871­1900 ; schoo l Garrett Fanin's da y school , S t Canice's parish, sit e unknown, c. 30 boys an d girls 183 5 1946; close d b y 198 3 (OS) . Demolished o n constructio n o f shopping centr e in (Publ. instr. rept 2, 147b) . 1992 (local information). Hourigan's da y school , S t Mary's parish, sit e unknown . 34 boys, 2 3 girl s 183 5 (Publ. St Patrick's Nationa l School, Patrick S t E. (07655420). 187 1 (Val. 2). 337 pupils 188 3 instr. rept 2, 148b) . (Ir. educ. rept 50, 538) . Rebuilt in 188 7 (KP 12.11.99) . S t Patrick's D e La Sall e Infant school , St John's parish, sit e unknown. 25 boys, 20 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, school, 10 7 boy s 188 8 (Kieran , 288). S t Patrick' s Nationa l School , Christia n 147b). Brothers 189 4 (Slater). S t Patrick' s Monaster y Schoo l 1900­4 6 (OS) . Closed , James Campion's da y school , S t Canice's parish, sit e unknown. 1 8 boys, 42 girls 183 5 pupils transferred t o new sit e in Cootes Lane N. in 1953 ; S t Patrick's Hal l 195 3 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 147b) . (Kieran, 288). Demolished in 199 9 (local information). James Pound's factory boardin g school , S t John's parish, sit e unknown. 1 6 boys 183 5 St Joseph' s Industria l School , Sister s o f Charity , Waterfor d Roa d E . S t Joseph' s (Publ. instr. rept 2, 147b) . Industrial Schoo l fo r Girls , buil t i n 187 2 (KJ 18.5.1872) . S t Joseph's Industrial Kieran Tierney's private day school, St John's parish, site unknown. 11 boys, 6 girls 1835 School, R.C . chape l 1900 ; S t Joseph' s Industrial School, chapel , buria l ground (Publ. instr. rept 2, 148b) . (private) 1946 ; convent, chapel , tenni s ground , burial ground 1983 , 199 9 (OS). Martin Beckett's da y school , S t Canice's parish, sit e unknown, perhaps same as Patrick St John' s School , John' s Qua y E . Infan t schoo l opene d i n 187 4 (KJ 2.5.1874) ; Beckett's school , Butt's Gree n (q.v.). 9 6 boys, 2 1 girls 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 1874­1911 (Val . 2). 526 boy s an d girl s 188 3 (Ir. educ. rept 50, 538) . S t John's 146b). Female an d Infant School 190 0 (OS). Closed in c. 1908 , pupils transferred t o new Michael Rourke's privat e day school , S t John's parish, sit e unknown. 28 boys, 2 8 girls school, Michael St W; also known as the Lake School (Doyle, 112). 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 147b) . Science and English Academy, St Kieran's St, site unknown, presumably associate d with Mr McGill' s boarding and day school, St Mary's parish, sit e unknown. 1 1 boys, 48 girls next entry. J.F. Wilson 187 6 (KM 1.1.1876) . 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 148b) . Military an d Civi l Servic e Academy , S t Kieran' s St , sit e unknown , presumabl y Mrs Rothes' s infant school, St Mary'Irishs parish, site unknown HistoricRoyal. 22 boys, 1 4 girls 183 5Irish (Publ. Towns Academyassociate Atlasd with previous entry . J.F. Wilson 187 6 (KM 20.5.1876) . instr. rept 2, 149b) . Miss Elliot' s Youn g Ladies ' Academy , Patric k S t W . (06955580) . 188 3 (KM Patrick Beckett's da y school , Walkin St , sit e unknown. Opened i n c. 1835 , 54 boys, 2 6 15.12.1883), 188 4 (Egan, 125) . girls 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept 2 , 147b) ; 185 6 (Slater). Se e als o above , Patric k St John's Male Preparatory School , St Patrick's parish, site unknown. Closed in 1883 (Ir. Beckett's school , Butt's Green . educ. rept 50, 538) . Joseph Boulger's private day school, St John's parish, site unknown. Opened in c. 1835 , Agricultural trainin g school, Patric k S t Upper , sit e unknown . Close d b y 188 4 (Egan , 36 boys, 21 girls 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 147b) . 124). McConnell's boardin g an d da y school , S t Mary's parish , sit e unknown . Opened i n c. English school for ladies, Parliament St , site unknown. Mrs Creighton 1884 (Egan, 125) . 1835, 22 boys 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 149b) . See als o next entry. Michael Conlon' s privat e da y school , S t Patrick' s parish , sit e unknown . Opened i n c. Kilkenny Civi l Servic e Institute , youn g men , Parliamen t St , sit e unknown , perhap s 1835, 21 boys, 6 girls 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 149b) . associated with previous entry . Mr Creighton 188 4 (Egan, 125 ; Basset, 91, 139), Michael Quigly's private day school, St John's parish, site unknown. Opened in c. 1835 , 1886 (KJ 29.12.1886) . 26 boys, 1 4 girls 183 5 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 148b) . St Patrick' s Industria l School, Patric k S t Upper , i n former agricultura l training school Mr Jephson' s academy of music, William St N. (05605830). Musical academy 1836 ; Mr (q.v.). S t Patrick's Industria l School for Boys 188 4 (Egan, 124) , 189 4 (Slater). Jephson's academy of music, girls, 184 1 (KJ 3.12.1836 , 6.11.1841) . Ladies' Collegiate School, Parliament S t E. (05156135). Opened in 1892; closed in 189 9 Patrick S t Boarding School, Patrick St, site unknown. Mrs O'Neill's, moved from Nor e (De Loughrey , 1976 , 188) . View Hous e (se e above , Norevie w Seminary ) i n 1836 ; Patric k S t Boardin g Kate Baxter's school , John St , sit e unknown. 1894 (Slater). School 183 8 (KJ 2.7.1836, 3.1.1838) . Parochial school, John St , site unknown. 1894 (Slater). St Kieran's College , College Road N. Founded i n 1836 , architect W.D . Butler ; E. wing Miss Llyod's [sic] ladies' school , John S t Lower S., in Bridge House (se e 22 Residence) . opened t o accommodat e diocesa n colleg e student s from Birchfiel d College , 1. 5 1899 (KM 23.9.1899) . km S . o f cit y (se e above , Maudli n S t Seminary ) i n 1838 ; W . wing opene d t o St Canice's Library, Church Lane S. , on site of former grammar schoo l (q.v.). Buil t in c. accommodate la y student s (se e above , Burrell' s Hall ) i n 1839 ; 4 priests , 5 1 1693 (Ledwich, 493). Library 175 8 (Rocque) . Public Library 180 0 (Tighe, 520). boarders, 3 0 day boys 183 9 (6 Fearghail, 1982,43, 45). St Kiaran's R.C. College, St Canice's Library 1841­1946 ; unname d 199 9 (OS). St Canice's Library 2000 . ecclesiastical house , lay house, ball alley 1841; St Kieran's R.C. College 1842 ; St Circulating library, location unknown. Catharine Finn 178 8 (FLJ 12.11.1788) . Kyran's R.C. College, chapel, ball alley, lodge 187 1 (OS). New wing and terraces Kilkenny Circulatin g Library Societ y readin g rooms , Parliamen t S t W . (05206050) . built in 1875­7 (6 Fearghail, 1982 , 62­3). St Kieran's College, R.C. chapel, bal l Opened i n 181 1 (U 14.8.1811) . Grante d £100 by Joseph Evans in 181 8 (Egan , alley, lodge 1900 ; extended by 1946 ; 1983, 199 9 (OS). See also 21 Entertainment : 170). Librar y an d newsroo m 183 7 (Lewis , ii, 110). Unnamed 1841 , 1871 (OS). Ossory Archaeologica l Society. Library and reading rooms 184 6 (Slater). Kilkenn y Library Society 185 0 (Val. 1) , 1858­64 (Val . 2) . Vacant 186 9 (KJ 27.10.1869). Kilkenny Library 188 4 (Bassett, Mr J . Gresham's preparatory schoo l for young gentlemen, Hig h St , sit e unknown. 183 9 79). Librar y an d readin g room s 189 4 (Slater). Se e als o 21 Entertainment : Iris h (KJ 5.1.1839) . Foresters' Club. Mrs Bridge t Agnes Burke's boardin g and day schoo l for young ladies, S t Kieran's S t E. Circulating library, The Parade, site unknown. 181 5 (KM 26.1.1815) . (06555915). Opened i n 184 0 (KJ 28.10.1840); 1846 , 185 6 (Slater). Circulating library , Parliamen t S t W . (04556195) . 183 0 (KJ 2.10.1830) , 185 8 (D e Mrs Catherin e Foley' s school , James's St, site unknown. 1841 (KM 16.10.1841) . Moved Loughrey, 1976 , 185) . to S t Kieran's S t by 184 5 (se e nex t entry). Mechanics' Frien d Societ y librar y room , William St , sit e unknown , perhaps sam e a s Mrs Catherin e Foley' s seminary , S t Kieran' s St , sit e unknown . 184 5 (KJ 18.1.1845) , Catholic Youn g Men' s Societ y premise s (se e 21 Entertainment) . 183 5 (KJ 1846 (Slater). Se e als o previous entry. 13.6.1835). Mr D e Vine's musical academy, William St , site unknown. 184 4 (KJ 22.5.1844) . Circulating library, Rose Inn St, site unknown. J. Daly 184 3 (KJ 4.3.1843) . Mary Green' s boarding and day school , John's Quay, sit e unknown. 1846 (Slater). St Canice's Repeal Readin g Room, location unknown. 184 5 (KJ 5.3.1845) . Mr an d Mr s Heffernan' s musi c school , Wellingto n Sq. , sit e unknown . 184 7 (KJ Crystal Palace Library, High St , site unknown. James Douglas 186 8 (KJ 18.1.1868) . 16.10.1847). City Library, John's Quay, site unknown. 1894 (Slater). 21 Entertainment Kilkenny Archaeologica l Society premises , Parliamen t S t W, in Rothe Hous e (se e 22 Bowling green, Bishop's Hil l E . (03156655). 169 5 (CB 7.2.1695), 175 8 (Rocque), 178 8 Residence). Presumabl y opene d afte r foundatio n o f Kilkenn y Archaeologica l (FU 18.6.1788) . Society in 184 9 (KM 21.2.1849) . Moved to Patrick St by 185 7 (se e nex t entry). Cock pit, in St Mary's graveyard (se e 11 Religion), site unknown. 1747 (Egan, 63). Kilkenny Scientifi c an d Archaeologica l Societ y premises , Patric k S t W . (06905580) . Cock pit, John St , site unknown, c. 180 0 (Egan, 63). Moved from Parliamen t S t (see previou s entry) by 185 7 (Val . 2) . Closed, moved Bull ring , Butt's Green (01106250) . 175 8 (Rocque) . to Patric k S t Lower in c. 185 8 (se e nex t entry). Bull ring , James's Green, sit e unknown. Last bull bait held in 183 7 (Egan, 62). Kilkenny Scientifi c an d Archaeologica l Society' s premises , Patric k S t E. , i n par t of Bull ring , The Ring. Implied by street name (see 10 Streets) . Butler House (se e 22 Residence). Move d from Patric k St W. (see previous entry) Tennis court, James's St N. (04706010). 175 8 (Rocque) . in c. 185 8 (Val . 2). Archaeologica l Societ y 1882 ; Archaeologica l Society' s Tennis court , Hors e Barrac k Lan e S . Racke t cour t 183 0 (KJ 4.12.1830) , 184 1 (OS) . museum 189 2 (Val . 2). Closed , museu m collectio n incorporate d i n National Tennis court 184 6 (Pari, gaz., ii , 434). Converted to ball alley (q.v.) b y c. 1850 . Museum of Ireland in 1910 (Proceedings an d papers (7), 82). Kilkenny Lawn Tennis Club court, 0.25 km S.E. of city. Concrete court s lai d in c. 187 9 Kilkenny Literar y and Scientifi c Institutio n museum, locatio n unknown. Presumabl y (KJ 29.10.1879) . County and City Lawn Tenni s Club 188 4 (Bassett, 59). opened afte r foundatio n of Kilkenny Literar y and Scientifi c Institution in 185 2 Billiard room , Horse Barrac k Lane S . 183 0 (KJ4.12.1830), 184 1 (OS). (KJ 18.2.1852) . Kilkenn y Literary and Scientific Institution museum 185 5 (KM Billiard room, St Kieran's St , site unknown. 183 8 (KJ 20.1.1838) . 28.11.1855). Billiard room, St Mary's Lane N. (06505885). Billiard room 185 0 (Val . 1) . Ossory Archaeologica l Society premises, Colleg e Rd N., i n St Kieran's College (see 20 Ball court , Black Mill S t W. Old ball court 184 1 (OS). Education). Established i n 187 4 (KJ 14.1.1874) . Ball alley, Horse Barrack Lane S., in former tennis court (q.v.). Bal l alley c. 185 0 (Egan, Garden pavilion s o r te a houses , 4, W . bank o f R . Nore , in private gardens . Pleasur e 66). Bal l alle y 187 1 (OS). Racket an d ball court 188 3 (KJ 10.3.1883) . houses 184 1 (OS); 2 extant 2000 . Athletic Club, location unknown. Closed by 188 4 (Bassett, 59). St James' s Park , Grang e R d E. , 0.2 5 k m N. of city . 184 2 (KM 30.4.1842) ; 1900­9 9 County and City Cricket Club, Bennettsbridge R d S., 0.2 5 km E. of city. 188 4 (Bassett, (OS). 59,91). Cycle track: 1900 ; converted t o greyhound track by 194 6 (OS). Golf Club , Castlecome r R d W. , 1.2 5 k m N. of city , nea r o r i n Ric h Vie w (se e 22 Masonic Hall , Hig h S t W. , i n Ormond e Hous e (se e 22 Residence) . 184 5 (KM Residence). 1896 ; transferre d t o Garnacreen e (se e 22 Residence ) i n c. 190 5 21.6.1845). (Phelan, 1986­7 , 79; Menton, 17). Masonic Lodge , Patrick S t E., on sit e of earlier mai l coac h offic e (se e 17 Transport) . Gaelic Athletic Association hurling pitch, Freshford Rd, site unknown. Opened in 1887; 1861 (Kenealy , 1963 , 13) . Unnamed 187 1 (OS) . Masonic Lodg e 192 2 (Walsh, closed in 189 6 (Ryall, 318­19) . 12). Gaelic Athletic Association hurling pitch, Grange Rd E., in St James's Park (q.v.). 189 6 Gymnasium an d fencin g saloon , Th e Parade , sit e unknown , 'i n Mr Douglas' s larg e (Ryall, 319). rooms'. Sergean t major H. Goodwen 184 7 (KJ 4.8.1847) . Gaelic Athletic Association hurling pitch, Nuncio Rd S. (11804880). 189 7 (Ryall, 319). Turkish baths , John' s Qua y E . (07606080) . Buil t i n 1872­3 ; opene d i n 187 3 (KJ Village Grounds 2000 . 25.9.1872, 28.6.1873) . Turkish baths 189 4 (Slater), 1875­191 0 (Val . 2). Bath s Benevolent Societ y club room, location unknown. Presumably opene d after foundatio n 1900 (OS). of Benevolen t Societ y in 178 5 (Tighe, 531); 183 0 (KJ 2.6.1830) . Band stand , o n Canal Walk, 0.25 km E. of city. 188 4 (Bassett, 55), 190 0 (OS). Kilkenny Club house, Patrick St W. Kilkenny Fox Hunting Club house opened i n 179 7 (Lanigan an d Tyler , 51) . Clu b hous e 180 5 (U 16.10.1805) . Incorporate d i n 22 Residence newly opened Hibernia n Hotel in 1817 (se e 16 Trades and services: Clu b Hous e Single and paired houses and Commercia l Hotel) . Kilkenn y Clu b house , liver y stable s 183 0 (KJ Kyteler's Inn, St Kieran's S t E. (05805995). Associated wit h Kytele r family, activ e in 15.5.1830). Hibernian Club house 184 1 (OS). Club house c. 186 5 (Val . 2) , 188 4 Kilkenny c. 1280­c . 133 0 (Wright) . Ketleryshal l 1432 ; Ketteleryshal l c. 1450 ; (Bassett, 61); meetings cease d in c. 196 0 (Lanigan and Tyler, 52). Kettler's inn s 147 3 (Liber primus, 86 , 84 , 100) . Slate d house , garde n an d Kilkenny Hun t Club kennels, James' s Green N., on site of earlier stable s and soldiers ' orchard, stable, ston e chamber 170 2 (Kenealy, 1965 , 29). Kyteler's Inn, restored quarters (see 17 Transport). Kilkenny Hunt Club kennels 1857 ; closed in c. 186 8 in 196 5 (6 Cochlain, 1987 , 2). In commercial use 2000 . (Val. 2) . Black Rath Castle, Churc h Lane S . Probably mans e of prebendary o f Black Rath fro m Trades' Unio n rooms, location unknown. 183 2 (KJ 19.12.1832) . c. 1300 ; converte d t o gramma r schoo l (se e 20 Education ) i n c. 153 8 Kilkenny Citizens ' Club room, High St , sit e unknown. 183 7 (KJ 4.11.1837) . (Woodworm, 10) . Black Rath Castle, sit e of 1841­1946 (OS) . Temperance Societ y room, High S t E., adjacent t o tholsel (se e 13 Administration), sit e Frankhouse, Knight s Hospitaller, location unknown. Free hospice, stablin g for 6 horses unknown. Societ y establishe d i n 183 7 (KM 9.12.1837) . Temperanc e Societ y 1335 (Gwyn n an d Hadcock , 340) . Frankhous e 154 1 (Extents Ir. mon. room 183 9 (KJ 12.6.1839) . possessions, 119) . Church of England Society' s office , Willia m S t S . Churc h of England meetin g hous e Bishop's palace , Churc h Lan e N . I n us e b y Bisho p Richar d d e Ledred e b y 136 0 1841; Churc h of England Societ y hous e 187 1 (OS). Church Educatio n Societ y (Carrigan, i, 281). Manor house 155 3 (Ainsworth , 8) . House wit h garde n 164 2 meeting house 185 0 (Val . 1) , 187 3 (Val . 2). Church of England Society' s offic e (Carrigan, i, 100). Bishop's Cour t 165 4 (CS); c. 169 8 (Place) . Rebuilt, extende d 1846­94 (Slater). between 167 2 an d 173 9 (Laniga n and Tyler, 32). Bishop's palac e 170 8 (Pratt) , Social Clu b house , Patric k Stree t W . Socia l Clu b hous e 184 1 (OS) . Converte d t o 1758 (Rocque) ; c. 176 0 (Mitchell) . Th e Palac e 180 6 (U 22.1.1806) . Bishop' s Provincial Bank in 186 0 (se e 16 Trades and services) . palace 1841­1946 ; unname d 199 9 (OS). Vacant 2000 . Citizens' Clu b room, William S t N., associated wit h Kilkenn y Saving s Ban k (se e 16 Gate house: 1841 ; lodge 1871­190 0 (OS) . Trades and services) . 184 1 (OS). See als o next entry. Rothe House, Parliament S t W. Burgag e of abbot of Duiske 1383­^ 4 (Liber primus, 69) , Catholic Young Men's Societ y premises , Willia m S t N., o n same site a s Citizens' Club 1541 (Ormond deeds, 1584-1603, 63) . 3 houses , buil t i n 1594­161 0 (wal l room (se e previou s entry ) an d Kilkenn y Saving s Ban k (se e 16 Trade s an d plaques). Cellar , cistern , forestree t gate , garde n wit h castl e an d pigeo n house , services). City Club 184 6 (Slater). Citizens ' Club house 185 0 (Val. 1) , 1859 (Val . 'gyle' house , kiln, kitchen , middle cross house, new hous e with grea t kitchen , 2). Late r known as Mechanics ' Institut e (Egan, 170) . Renamed Catholi c Young 'outscale', wel l 161 5 (Healy , 384­5) . Slate d house , courtyard , 3 slate d Men's Societ y i n 185 6 (KJ 29.11.1856) , 187 1 (OS) . Youn g Men' s Societ y outhouses, yard 165 4 (CS). 3 ston e houses, 2 courtyards, garden , orchar d wit h 1865­1901 (Val . 2) . slated ston e hous e an d kil n 172 3 (O'Dwyer , 1994 , 12) . Unnamed 184 1 (OS) . Citizens' Clu b caretaker' s house , Guar d Lan e S . (05155810) : 185 0 (Val . 1); part of Kilkenny Archaeologica l Societ y premise s c. 184 9 (se e 21 Entertainment) . Catholic Young Men's Societ y premises 1875­190 1 (Val . 2) . Wolf's Arch 185 0 (Val . 1) , 1871 (OS), 187 5 (KJ 22.5.1875). Restored b y Gaelic Christian Young Men's Societ y premises , Willia m S t S. , in Church of England Societ y League (se e 21 Entertainment) in 189 8 (wall plaque). Rothe House, restore d fo r office (q.v.). Presumabl y opene d afte r foundatio n o f Kilkenn y Youn g Men' s use a s Kilkenn y Archaeologica l Society museu m i n 1963­5 (Lanigan , 1967 , 1) ; Christian Associatio n i n 185 6 (KM 6.2.1856) ; 188 4 (Egan , 171) . Christia n 1983, 199 9 (OS) . Se e als o 20 Education : Englis h Academy; Andre w Wolfe' s Young Men's Societ y 189 4 (Slater). Christia n Young Men's Societ y 1874­190 1 school. (Val. 2) . Well house: built in 160 4 (wall plaque); Wolf's Arc h Well 184 6 (KJ 25.7.1846) . Athenaeum Club , The Parad e S. , o n sit e o f forme r Kilkenn y Privat e Theatr e (q.v.). Crosse's hall, location unknown. 'Le crosse is halle' 143 2 (Liber primus, 86) . Athenaeum Club , opened i n 1860 (Kenealy, 1970 , 51); 1866 (Val. 2) , 1871 (OS), Archer She e House, Parliamen t S t W. (05256030). Buil t in 158 0 (De Loughrey, 1976 , 1884 (Bassett , 1884) . Converte d t o inlan d revenu e offic e b y 189 1 (se e 13 175) . Unname d 1841­194 6 (OS) . Demolishe d i n 196 4 (D e Loughrey , 1976 , Administration). 176) . Home Rul e Clu b house , John' s QuaIrishy E. , i n forme r FeinaigliaHistoricn Schoo l (se e 20 TownsShee House, HigAtlash S t E . (06355780) . Buil t b y Henr y She e and Franci s Cris p in 158 0 Royal Irish Academy(Phelan, 1954 , 22). Unnamed 1841­190 0 (OS) . Converted to commercial use in Education). Kilkenny [Commercial ] Club 188 2 (KJ 3.1.1882). Home Rule Club moved fro m Patric k Stree t (se e nex t entry ) in 190 7 (Phelan , 1958 , 30) . Hom e c. 1932 ; gable an d chimneys remove d in 194 9 (Phelan, 1954 , 22). Rule Club house 2000 (wall plaque) . Archer House , Hig h S t W . (06005805). Buil t b y Marti n Arche r in 158 2 (Phela n an d Home Rule Club premises, Patric k Street, in St Patrick's Gate (see 12 Defence). Opene d Lanigan, 35). Unnamed 1841­199 9 (OS) . In commercial use 2000 . in c. 1885 ; move d t o premise s o n John' s Qua y (se e previou s entry ) i n 190 7 Shee Alms House , Ros e Inn S t W . Shee's Alm s House , buil t i n 158 2 (wal l plaque) . (Phelan, 1958 , 30). Hospital of Jesus 160 8 (Proceeding s an d papers (3), 309, 314). Poorhouse wit h Bakers' Unio n meeting rooms, Dean St , site unknown. 1884 (Bassett, 80). private chape l 173 1 (Carrigan , i, 147) . 1 3 poo r wome n 180 0 (Tighe , 526) . Carpenters' Societ y meetin g rooms, Black Mill St , sit e unknown. 188 4 (Bassett, 80). Hospital 183 7 (Lewis , ii , 114) . Shea s Alm s Hous e 184 1 (OS) . Widows ' Catholic Temperance Societ y rooms, Parliament St , site unknown. 188 4 (Bassett, 88). almshouses 185 0 (Val . 1) . O'Shea' s poorhous e c. 187 0 (Val . 2) . Shee s Freemasons' Lodge, John's Quay, sit e unknown. 188 4 (Bassett, 79). Almshouse 187 1 (OS) . Restore d i n 198 1 (6 Cochlain, 1986 , 11) . She e Alm s Kilkenny Workingmen's Club house, Walkin St , site unknown. 188 8 (KJ 24.11.1888) . House 1983 , 199 9 (OS). Tourist office 2000 . Irish Foresters ' Clu b premises , Parliamen t S t W. , i n forme r Kilkenn y Circulatin g Bridge House, John S t Lower S. (08255855). Built in late 16t h cent. (Lanigan and Tyler, Library Societ y readin g room s (se e 20 Education) . 189 7 (D e Loughrey , 1976 , 97); 165 4 (CS). Repaire d an d remodelled in c. 1700 ; c. 178 0 (Finn an d Murphy, 177). 35­6). Unnamed 1841 ; Bridge House 1871 , 1946; unnamed 1983 , 199 9 (OS). Gaelic League house , Parliament S t W., in Rothe Hous e (se e 22 Residence). Opene d in 1898 (wall plaque); meeting room 2000. National Club house, St Kieran's St, site unknown. Moved to Parliament S t in 1900 (se e next entry). National Clu b house , Parliamen t St , sit e unknown . Moved fro m S t Kieran' s S t (se e previous entry) in 190 0 (KM 17.2.1900) . Theatre, Parliamen t S t E., in courthouse (se e 13 Administration). 178 9 (FU 6.5.1789) . Theatre, Th e Parade , sit e unknown , perhaps sam e a s Kilkenn y Privat e Theatr e (q.v.). Opened i n 1795 ; closed in 1797 ; reopened an d close d i n 179 9 (Kenealy , 1970 , 50­51). Theatre, Hig h S t E. , i n tholsel assembl y room s (se e 13 Administration) . Opened i n 1802; close d i n 1804 , replace d b y Kilkenn y Privat e Theatr e (se e nex t entry ) (Egan, 84). Kilkenny Privat e Theatre, Th e Parade S. (07305680). Opened i n 1805; closed in 181 9 (Butler, 25 , 31) . Reopene d i n 183 5 (KJ 17.6.1835) . Demolishe d b y 184 9 (Kenealy, 1970 , 51). See als o next entry. Theatre, locatio n unknown, probably same as previous entry . Theatre, ' a neat but small edifice, erecte d b y public subscription' 184 6 (Pari, gaz., ii , 437). Dramatic Club rooms, location unknown. 188 4 (KJ 24.9.1884) . Military Hall , William St , sit e unknown. Used fo r 'musica l and literary entertainment ' 1899 (KM 8.11.1899) . Ormonde Museu m an d Galler y of Fine Arts , Th e Parade , sit e unknown , probably in -IS. * I Kilkenny Castl e (se e 12 Defence) . Opene d i n 1839 ; 184 1 (KJ 24.4.1839 , 1.5.1841). Shee House an d High S t from th e south, c. 184 5 (RSAI Jn., i (1849­51), facing p. 41) Shee House, Hig h S t E. (05755950). Built by Elias Shee in c. 160 0 (Phelan, 1960­61, for Poo r Women 1856­94 (Slater). Ormond e Almshouse 1841­1900 ; almshous e 58). Unname d 1841­199 9 (OS) . 1946; unnamed 1983 , 199 9 (OS). 7 inmates 197 7 (Lanigan and Tyler , 102) . In Shee House, Hig h S t W. (05605935). Built by Sir Richard Shee before 160 8 (Phelan , charitable us e 2000 . 1968, 17) . Stone hous e with courtyard, brew­house, coal­house , granary , stable , St Mary's Alms House, S t Mary's Lane S . Founded in c. 184 0 (Lanigan and Tyler, 76). 3 yards and garden stretchin g to town wall (se e 12 Defence), valued at £40, 165 4 St Mary's Alms Hous e 1841 , 1871; almshouses 1900­46 ; unnamed 1983 , 199 9 (CS). Unname d 1841­190 0 (OS). Burnt, demolished in 1903 (Phelan, 1968 , 18). (OS). Par t vacan t 2000 . Shee House, Parliamen t S t E. (05406075). Built by Sir Richard Shee before 160 8 (De Abbey View , Abbe y S t S . (04006125) . Unname d 1841 ; Abbe y Vie w 1871­1946 ; Loughrey, 1976 , 189). Unnamed 184 1 (OS). Demolished in 1861 (DeLoughrey, demolished by 198 3 (OS). 1976, 189). Bishop's palace, R.C, James's St S. R.C. bishop's palac e 1841 (OS). St Mary's Chapel Lombard's Chamber , Rose Inn St W. (07055790). 160 8 (Proceeding s an d paper s (3), House 184 4 (KJ 17.7.1844) . Bishop' s palac e 1871­194 6 (OS) . Demolished , 313), c. 166 0 (Marescaux, 546). replaced b y school in 196 6 (local information) . St Mark's Hospital, location unknown. Almshouse opene d b y Stephe n Luke r in 160 8 Common Hall , Vica r S t W. , formerl y colleg e o f vicar s chora l (se e 20 Education) . (GO, 143^1 , 152) . Common Hal l 184 1 (OS) , 185 1 (KJ 20.12.1851) . Unname d 1871­194 6 (OS) . Langton House, High S t E. (06055880). Built by Nicholas Langton in 160 9 (Carrigan, Demolished by 197 7 (Lanigan and Tyler, 91). iii, 83) . Unnamed 1841­199 9 (OS) . In commercial use 2000 . Deanery, Dea n S t N . (02056225) . Deaner y 1900^16 ; unname d 1983 , 199 9 (OS) . Dean's manse , Coac h R d W., on sit e of late r deaner y (se e nex t entry) . Before 161 4 Presbytery 2000 . (Carrigan, iii, 174). Deansby Cottage , Waterford Rd E. Deansby Cottag e 1841­1900 ; unnamed 194 6 (OS). Deanery, Coac h R d W., on sit e of former dean' s mans e (se e previou s entry) . Dean's Garnacreene, Dubli n R d N., 0.25 k m E. of city . Unname d 1841 ; Belleview Cottag e house 161 4 (Ainsworth, 65). Deanery 175 8 (Rocque), 1841­199 9 (OS) . 1871­1900; Garnacreen e 1946 ; unname d 1983 , 199 9 (OS) . Se e als o 21 Archdeacon's manse , St Canice's Step s E. (03506340). c. 162 0 (Carrigan, iii, 8), 167 9 Entertainment: Golf Club. (Ledwich, 487). Larchfield House , Nunci o Rd E . Larchfiel d Hous e 1841­194 6 (OS) . Demolished in Chancellor's house , Vica r S t E . Chancellor' s hous e c. 162 0 (Carrigan , iii , 8). 1972 (local information) . Chancellor's forme r hous e 167 9 (Ledwich , 486) . Demolishe d i n c . 180 0 Orphan House, Dominic St W. Ol d Orphan House 184 1 (OS). Orphan House 187 0 (Val . (Carrigan, iii , 175) . Chancellor's house , rebuilt by 1841 ; unnamed 1871­1946 ; 2). Unname d 1871­199 9 (OS) . demolished by 199 9 (OS). Rose Mount, College Rd S. Rose Cottage 1841 , 1871; Rose Mount 1900^16; unname d Chantor's o r precentor' s manse , Dea n S t N. (02656280). c. 162 0 (Carrigan , iii , 8). 1983, 199 9 (OS). Destroyed by 166 0 (Ledwich, 486). St Canice' s Almshouse , Churc h Lan e S . S t Canice' s Poo r Hous e 1841 ; St Canice' s Treasurer's manse, Vicar St E., site unknown, c. 162 0 (Carrigan, iii, 8), 1679 (Ledwich, Almshouse 1871 ; unnamed 1900­9 9 (OS). 486). St James's Park House, Church Lane N. Lord Clifden's house, converted to St Canice' s Poorhouse, Maudli n St , sit e unknown . Poorhouse, founde d b y Davi d Kell y b y 162 8 Academy (se e 20 Education) in 178 9 (Carrigan, i, 266). Reconverted t o private (Ledwich, 401; Watters, 1881 , no. 145). residence, S t James Park House , b y 184 1 (OS) . Vacant 186 7 (KJ 16.11.1867) . Ormonde Poorhouse , Hig h S t W. (06505725). Foundation charter grante d t o 11t h earl Converted to Loreto Convent in 186 8 (se e 11 Religion). of Ormon d fo r Hospita l of Ou r Blesse d Saviour , Kilkenn y i n 163 1 (Hogan , St John' s Cottage , Maudli n S t N . Maudli n S t Cottag e 1841 ; S t John' s Cottag e 1884, 270) . 'Poorhous e calle d a "hospital" ' repaire d i n c. 1783 , 2­store y 1871­1946; demolished by 198 3 (OS). building, 8 rooms , 8 widow s wit h familie s 180 0 (Tighe , 521­2) . Ormond e Windy Harbour , Stephen' s S t W . Wind y Harbou r 1841­1900 ; i n ruin s 1946 ; Poorhouse, 8 poo r widow s 183 7 (Lewis , ii , 114) . Resident s transferre d t o demolished by 198 3 (OS). Ormonde Almshous e (q.v.) i n c. 1839 . Premises vacant 184 1 (KM 20.1.1841) . Ormonde House , Hig h S t W, o n site of former Ormonde Poorhous e (q.v.). Buil t afte r Demolished in c. 184 1 (Hogan, 1884 , 270). c. 1841 ; 1845 (KJ 27.9.1845). Se e als o 21 Entertainment: Masonic Hall . Seix House, John S t Lower E., later Kilkenny College (see 20 Education). Seises House Ardscradawn, Kell s R d W. , 1 k m S.W . o f city . Ardscradau n 1842 ; Ardscradaw n 1654 (CS). Sei x House, converte d to Kilkenny Colleg e in 168 4 (Browne, 223). 1900^16; unnamed 199 9 (OS). Rothe House , Hig h S t E . (06105870) . Buil t b y 1660 ; demolished, rebuil t in c. 181 0 Ayrfield, Grang e R d W., 1 km N.W. o f city. Ayresfield Cottag e 1842 ; Airfield Cottag e (Phelan, 1960­61 , 43). Unnamed 1841­199 9 (OS) . 1871­1900; Ayrfield 194 6 (OS). Manse, prebendary o f Killamery, Church Lane S . (02356400). Converted to almshous e Castle View , Ol d Callan R d E. , 1. 5 k m S.W . o f city . Castl e Vie w 184 2 (OS) , 189 4 (see nex t entry) by 167 2 (Ledwich, 487). (Slater), 1900^16 , 199 9 (OS). Bishop Williams' almshouse , Churc h Lane S. , i n former mans e (se e previou s entry). Mr Nowlan' s house, White House R d E., 1 km N. of city. 1842 ; unnamed 187 1 (OS). Opened t o house 8 poor widows by 1672 ; widows' almshouse 171 2 (Ledwich , Mr Purcell' s far m house , Grang e R d W. , 0.7 5 k m N.W . of city . 1842 ; unname d 487, 491) . 'In a tottering condition' 1800 (Tighe, 520). 1871­1946 (OS). Manse, prebendar y o f Tascoffin, Vicar S t E. (04406350). 167 9 (Ledwich, 487). Orchardton House , Ol d Callan R d E. , 1 km S.W . o f city . Orchardto n Hous e 1842 , Ruth House , Patric k S t W. (06555630). Built b y 1690 ; converted t o barrack s (se e 12 1900^6, 199 9 (OS). Defence) in c. 179 8 (Tighe, 527). Pansey Lodge , Freshfor d R d E. , 1 km N.W . of city . Panse y Lodg e 1842 , 1900 ; Burrell's Hall, James's St N. Buil t in c. 169 0 (Hogan, 1884 , 325). Converted to college Whitegate 1946 ; demolished by 199 9 (OS). in 1783 , presumably reverte d t o residence in 179 2 (se e 20 Education: Burrell's Rich View , Castlecome r R d W, 1.2 5 k m N. of city. Ric h Vie w 1842 , 1894 ; unname d Hall). Mr Alcock's house 180 2 (U 3.3.1802) . Converted to lay college in 181 7 1999 (OS). (see 20 Education: Burrell's Hall). St Canice's Cottage , Freshfor d Rd E. St Canice's Lodg e 1842 , 187 1 (OS). St Canice' s Fr Tobin' s poorhouse, Friar y S t S . (57100580) , associate d wit h S t Francis' Capuchi n Cottage 187 7 (KJ 18.4.1877) , 1900 ; Loreto Junior School 194 6 (OS). Friary (se e 11 Religion). Built in c. 1700 ; demolished in 1897 (Carrigan, iii, 71, Whittington Cottage , Dubli n R d N. , 1 km E . o f city . 184 3 (KJ 26.7.1843) , 1871 ; 73). unnamed 1983 , 199 9 (OS). New Building , Ne w Building s Lane N. (03856085). Buil t b y 177 2 (Murtagh , 1998 , Canal Lodge, Canal Wal k E. (07905810). Built i n 184 5 (Egan , 115) . Lodge 184 7 (KJ 49­50). Unnamed 1841­199 9 (OS) . 8.9.1847), 1871­1900 ; unname d 1946­9 9 (OS) . Canal Lodge 2000. Butler House , Patric k S t E . Butle r Hous e 178 6 (FU 18.2.1786) . 'Newl y slate d Lacken Cottage , Dubli n R d N., 1 km E. of city. Lacke n Cottage 184 6 (KJ 8.4.1846) , dwelling house ' 183 2 (Walsh , 11) . Unnamed 1841 ; Butler Hous e 1871­199 9 1900; Lacken Lodge 1946 ; demolished b y 198 3 (OS) . The Ark, College Rd S . (OS). Se e als o 21 Entertainment : Kilkenn y Scientifi c an d Archaeologica l (06055250). Th e Ar k 185 7 (KM 1.4.1857) , 1871­1946 ; unname d 1983 , 199 9 Society's premises . (OS). Private chapel: perhaps in kitchens, 'secre t Catholic chapel' 179 0 (Nf Chinneide, 32; Friary Almshouses , Friar y S t S . (05305705) . Almshouse s 185 0 (Val . 1) . Friar y Lanigan, 1983 , 456). Almshouses 186 5 (Val . 2) . Mountbrilliant House, White House Rd W, 1 km N. of city. Mountbrilliant House 176 9 St Canice' s Widows ' Asylum, Dea n S t S . (01856160) . Built in 186 4 (Birthistle , 63). (datestone), 178 6 (FU 8.3.1786) , 1841 , 1871; unnamed 199 9 (OS). Almshouse c. 186 8 (Val . 2). S t Canice' s R.C . Widows ' Asylu m 1871­1946 ; St James' Asylum, Bennettsbridg e R d S . S t James' Asylum, founde d an d endowed by demolished by 198 3 (OS). James Switzer for 20 poor widows, 8 R.C. and 1 2 protestant, i n 180 3 (Lewis, ii, St Mary's presbytery, James's St N. (03755930) . Built in 1864 (Lanigan and Tyler, 72). 114). Complete d i n 180 4 (U 14.1.1804) . Switzer' s Asylu m 183 5 (KJ St Mary' s presbyter y 1871 ; presbyter y 1900 ; S t Mary' s presbyter y 1946 ; 22.4.1835), 184 6 (Slater), 188 4 (Egan , 169) . S t James ' Asylu m 1841­1946 ; unnamed 1983 , 199 9 (OS). unnamed 1984 , 199 9 (OS). St James' Asylum 2000 . St James Cottage, Church Lane N., adjoinin g St James's Park House (q.v.) (02006230) . Lee's Lan e Institution , Abbe y StIrish, sit e unknown . 180HistoricRoyal8 (U 14.12.1808) , 184 Irish0 (KJTowns AcademySt Jame Atlass Cottage 186 7 (KJ 16.11.1867) , 1871 ; incorporated in Loreto Convent 29.7.1840). (see 11 Religion) by 190 0 (OS). Presbytery, Maudlin S t N., in former Maudlin S t Seminary (se e 20 Education). 1814 (6 Widows' almshouse , Chape l Lane S . (04505840). Established in 186 8 (Birthistle, 63); Fearghail, 1982 , 32) . Converte d t o constabular y barrack s b y 185 0 (se e 13 1877­1889 (Val . 2) ; 6 inmates 196 4 (Birthistle, 63). Administration). Lacken Hall , Dubli n R d S. , 1 km E. of city. Lacken Hall 1871­1900 ; menta l hospital Nore Vie w House , John' s Qua y E . Noreview Seminary b y 183 2 (se e 20 Education). annexe 194 6 (OS). Demolished in 1984 (local information) . Presumably reverte d to private residence by 1871 , unnamed 1871­199 9 (OS). In Manse, Ormond e Rd W. (07155520). Manse 1871­1900 ; unname d 1946­9 9 (OS). commercial use 2000 . Newpark House , Castlecome r R d E., 1. 5 k m N. of city. Newpar k Hous e 1871 , 1900 ; St Patrick's Widows' Asylum, Calla n Rd W., 0.25 k m S.W. of city. Widows' Asylum unnamed 1946­9 9 (OS) . established in 1817 (wall plaque). Unnamed 184 1 (OS). Enlarged by local parish Scotch House , Hig h S t W. (05655905). Scotch Hous e 1871 ; unnamed 1900­9 9 (OS) . priests i n 184 2 (Carrigan , iii, 239). 2 buildings 188 4 (Egan , 169) . St Patrick' s In commercia l use 2000 . Widows' Asylum , poorhous e 1900 ; S t Patrick' s Widows ' Asylum 194 6 (OS). Tilbury Place , Tilbur y Plac e W. (03905995). Tilbur y Plac e 1871 ; unnamed 1900^16 ; Closed in c. 196 0 (Birthistle, 63). In commercial use 2000 . demolished by 198 3 (OS). Evans's Asylum , Joh n S t Lowe r W. , o n sit e o f forme r infantr y barrack s (se e 12 Windgap House , Dubli n R d N., 0.75 k m E. of city. Windga p Hous e 1871­1900 ; S t Defence). Evans' s Asylum, non­denominational , founded b y Joseph Evans fo r Philomena's Nursin g Home 194 6 (OS). In commercial use 2000 . 12 male an d 1 2 female 'decaye d servants ' i n 181 8 (Egan , 170) ; 182 4 (Pigot). Widows' almshouse , Wellingto n Sq . S . (04505835). 1877­8 9 (Val . 2) . Evans's Asylu m 1841 , 1871 ; Evans' Asylu m 1900­46 ; unname d 1983 , 199 9 Kilcreen Lodge , Kenny' s Wel l R d N., 1 km W. of city. Kilcree n Hous e 1881 , 189 4 (OS). Evans' s Asylu m 2000 . Se e als o 20 Education : Evans's Asylu m infants ' (Slater). Kilcree n Lodge 1900­4 6 (OS). school. Seville Lodge, Old Callan Rd E., 1. 5 km S. of city. 188 1 (Slater), 1900­^ 6 (OS). Factory House , Green' s Hil l W, o n sit e o f earlier Lintow n Weavin g School (se e 20 Walkin's S t Almshouse , Walki n St , sit e unknown , perhaps sam e a s nex t entry . 188 6 Education). Converte d to residence in c. 182 1 (KM 27.2.1821) . Factory Hous e (KM 29.12.1886) . 'In very bad condition' 1891 (KJ 29.8.1891). 1841, 1871 ; unnamed 1900 ; demolished by 194 6 (OS). Almshouses, Friar y St N. (05105710) . Almshouses 1898­190 0 (Val . 2) . Rosehill House , Ol d Callan R d S . (99954995) . Buil t i n 183 0 (nameplate) . Rosehil l Presbytery, Ormond e R d S . (06655410) . 189 4 (Slater). Unname d 1900­9 9 (OS) . 1838 (KJ 10.10.1838) . Rosehil l House 1841 ; Rosehill 1871­1983 ; hote l 199 9 Kilkenny Schoo l of Music 2000. (OS). Garden House , William St , sit e unknown. 1895 (KJ 23.11.1895). St Mary's glebe house , High S t W. St Mary's glebe house 183 0 (KJ 10.4.1830) , 1841, Married soldiers' quarters , Broguemaker' s Hil l W . (06706685). 189 5 (Val . 2) . 1871; unname d 1900­9 9 (OS) . In commercial use 2000 . Married soldiers' quarters , Castlecome r Ne w Rd W. (08456725). 189 5 (Val . 2) . Prior's Orchard , John's Qua y E . (08506025) . Prior's Orchard , buil t i n c. 183 0 (loca l Wardens' houses , Stephen's St W., associate d with gaol (see 13 Administration: County information); 2000 . and City Gaol). 189 5 (Val . 2) . Windgap Cottage, Dubli n Rd N. John Banim 1835 (Lanigan and Tyler, 101) . Windgap St John's presbytery, Dubli n R d S . (11006090) . Unnamed 1900 ; S t John's presbyter y Cottage 184 1 (OS). Lacken Cottage 184 6 (KJ 8.4.1846). Windgap Cottage 1871, 1946; unnamed 1983 , 199 9 (OS). Presbytery 200 0 (local information) . 1900; Lacken Cottage 194 6 (OS). Windgap Cottage 200 0 (nameplate) . Rows and terraces St Francis ' Abbe y [house] , Parliament S t E. , in S t Francis ' Abbe y Brewer y (se e 15 Parade, The, S. (07855660). 4 4­storey houses , built in c. 179 1 (Lanigan and Tyler, 47). Manufacturing). Smithwic k residence 183 7 (KJ 15.11.1837) . Unnamed 1841­199 9 (OS). Newpark Cottage , Castlecome r R d E. , 1 km N. of city . Newpar k Lodg e 183 8 (KJ Limetree Court, off St Kieran's St, site unknown. 1836 (KM 20.4.1836) . 24.3.1838), 1841 ; Ne w Par k Cottag e 1871 ; Newpar k Cottag e 1900­46 ; Archers Field , Bennettsbridg e R d W . (13105365) . 1871­1946 ; demolishe d b y 198 3 unnamed 199 9 (OS). In commercial use 2000 . (OS). Ormonde Almshouse, Gallows Green W . Built to replace forme r Ormonde Poorhous e St John' s Place , Dubli n R d S . S t John' s Place , 7 house s 1871­199 9 (OS) , 200 0 (q.v.) i n c. 183 9 (Hogan , 1884 , 270) . Ormond e Poorhous e 184 0 (KCM (nameplate). 5.10.1840). Holmes ' Asylu m fo r Poor Women 1846 ; Lady Ormonde's Asylu m St John's Terrace, Dublin Rd S . S t John's Terrace, 8 houses 1900­99 (OS). SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS Excavations Excavations 1970 [etc.] . Dublin, 1970­77 , 1985­ . (Other abbreviation s ar e explaine d o n the back cover. ) Fenning, 197 5 Fenning, Hugh. 'A church reborn'. In Dennis Cliffor d (ed.) , 7 5 years of the Black Abbey 1225-1975. Kilkenny , 1975, pp 24­31. Fenning, 199 0 Fenning, Hugh . The Irish Dominican province 1698-1797. Dublin , Ainsworth Ainsworth, Joh n (ed.) . 'Th e corporatio n boo k o f th e Irishtow n of 1990. Kilkenny, 1537­1628' . I n Analecta Hibernica, xxvii i (1978) , p p Finn an d Murphy Finn, John and Murphy, J.C.J. 'John Street — north and sout h sides' . 1­78. In Old Kilkenny Rev., no . 1 4 (1962), pp 25­39 . Ann. Inisf. 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MS in possession of th e 6 Cochlain , 198 6 O Cochlain , Colm . The story of a restoration: Shee Alms House, author. Kilkenny. Kilkenny , 1986. Watters, 188 4 Watters, Patrick . 'Note s an d queries' . In RSAI Jn., xv i (1883^1), p p 6 Cochlain , 198 7 O Cochlain, Colm. The restoration of Kyteler's Inn, Kilkenny, and its 238^19. history. Kilkenny , 1987. Woodworth Woodworth, David. 'St Canice's Library'. In Old Kilkenny Rev., no . O'Dwyer, 198 8 O'Dwyer, Peter . The Irish Carmelites of the ancient observance. 22 (1970), pp 5­10 . Dublin, 1988 . Wray Wray, Kathleen . 'Maudli n Street' . I n Old Kilkenny Rev., no . 2 1 O'Dwyer, 199 4 O'Dwyer, Michael. 'Rothe Hous e — owners , lease s and tenants' . In (1969), pp 11­14 . Old Kilkenny Rev., no . 46 (1994) , pp 10­19 . Wright Wright, Thomas (ed.) . A contemporary narrative of the proceedings 6 Fearghail , 198 2 O Fearghail, Fearghus . St Kieran's College. Kilkenny , 1982. against Dame Alice Kyteler. London , 1843 . 6 Fearghail , 199 0 6 Fearghail , Fearghus . 'Th e Catholi c churc h i n Count y Kilkenn y 1600­1800'. I n Nolan and Whelan, p p 197­250 . Old Kilkenny Rev. Old Kilkenny Review. Kilkenny , old series, nos 1­2 5 (1948­73) ; ne w series, vols i­iv (1974­93); ol d series continued, no s 46­ (1994­) . NOTE ON MAPS 1 AND 2 O'Neill O'Neill, Jack . 'Waterford' s fiv e railways' . I n Journal of the Irish Railway Record Society, xv i (1986­8), p p 106­19 . The two halves of Map 1 , divided by a north­south lin e passing near Kilkenny city, come fro m Ormonde MSS Calendar of the manuscripts of the marquess of Ormonde, preserved one inc h maps in two different styles . Th e nam e and boundarie s of parishes an d baronie s ar e at Kilkenny Castle. Historica l Manuscripts Commission . Ne w series , included exclusivel y o n th e right­hand par t (shee t published i n 1894) , while the church­with­ 8 vols. London, 1902­20 . tower symbo l a t Burnchurc h an d th e railwa y symbo l N.N.W . o f Kilkenn y are introduction s OS Ordnance Survey . Large­scal e map s o f Kilkenny : scal e 1:1056 , characteristic o f the late r styl e employed o n the left­han d par t (shee t published i n 1900) . manuscript, 184 1 an d 184 3 (area s adjoinin g municipa l boundary ) Map 2, Kilkenny in c. 1842 , is derived from th e Ordnance Survey 1:105 6 manuscript pla n (NAI, O S 140) ; scal e 1:1056 , printed , 1871 ; scal e 1:1000 , printed, of Kilkenny (1841) , the Ordnance Survey 1:105 6 manuscript municipa l boundary pla n (1843), 1984 (surveye d 1983^1) , ma p 4766­3­20 . Map s o f Co . Kilkenny, together wit h th e publishe d 1:10,56 0 Ordnanc e Surve y map s of Co . Kilkenny , first edition , scale 1:10,560 , shee t 19 , printed , 1842 ; sheet s xi x 7 & 11 , scal e sheet 1 9 an d th e 1:105 6 manuscript valuatio n pla n o f c. 1850 . Th e reconstructio n ha s bee n 1:2500, printed 190 2 (surveye d 1900) , printed 197 7 (revise d 1946) . adjusted t o th e planimetr y o f th e publishe d 1:50 0 tow n pla n (1871 ) wher e thi s exist s an d Patterson Patterson, Tony. 'Th e refor m of Kilkenny Corporation i n the repea l elsewhere is that of the published 1:250 0 plan (surveyed in 1900). Solid lines represent features year of 1843' . In Old Kilkenny Rev., no . 51 (1999), pp 112­27 . still extan t i n 187 1 or 190 0 respectively , whil e dotted line s indicate that , sinc e the featur e ha d Phelan, 195 4 Phelan, M.M. 'Hig h Street' . In Old Kilkenny Rev., no . 7 (1954) , p p by then disappeared, its exact position cannot be determined . 20­24. Phelan, 195 8 Phelan, M.M. ' A forgotten Kilkenn y school'. I n Old Kilkenny Rev., no. 10(1958) , p p 27­30 . Phelan, 1960­6 1 Phelan, M.M . 'Notes o n Hig h Stree t fro m th e tholse l t o th e pos t ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS office'. I n Old Kilkenny Rev., no . 1 2 (1960), pp 43­52; no. 1 3 (1961), pp 57­64 . This study aros e from a trip to the German medieva l towns of Bad Miinstereifel and Ziilpich in Phelan, 196 8 Phelan, M.[M.]. 'Hig h Street, Kilkenny'. In Old Kilkenny Rev., no. 20 the compan y o f Anngret Simm s i n November 1978 . Ha d I known then th e amoun t o f time it (1968), pp 5­26 . would tak e t o complete , i t i s probabl e tha t I woul d neve r hav e starte d it , an d withou t th e Phelan, 197 2 Phelan, M.M. St Mary's Cathedral, Kilkenny: notes on its foundation, assistance an d suppor t o f man y individuals , it could no t hav e been concluded . M r Coilin 6 construction and furnishings. Kilkenny , 1972. Drisceoil painstakingly garnered much of the eighteenth­ an d nineteenth­century topographica l Phelan, 1986­ 7 Phelan, M.M.'Th e Marchioness o f Ormond e open s Kilkenn y Gol f information fro m newspaper s an d corporatio n records . M r Edwar d Bourk e an d M r Ronan Club 1908' . In Butler Soc. Jn., iii , no . 1 (1986­7), p . 79. Furlong provided a great deal of help a t an early stag e with the maps. In more recent years, Ms Phelan and Gib b Phelan, W.J. and Gibb , J.G. 'Irishtown' . In Old Kilkenny Rev., no . 8 Patricia Rya n an d Mr Michael Potterton have , in their respective ways, live d wit h th e tex t an d (1955), pp 30­35 . I a m grateful t o them both for their many helpfu l suggestions and improvements . Phelan and Laniga n Phelan, M.M. an d Lanigan, K.M. 'Hig h Street'. In Old Kilkenny Rev., In Kilkenny , thanks are du e t o the Kilkenny Archaeological Societ y a t Rothe Hous e and to no. 6 (1953), pp 26­37 . Kilkenny Corporation, in particular t o the former mayor , Mr Tony Patterson, and t o Mr Donal Pilsworth Pilsworth, W.J . 'Kilkenn y Corporatio n account s i n th e eighteent h O'Brien, town clerk, for thei r support . I am deepl y indebte d t o th e lat e Mr s Margaret Phela n century'. I n Old Kilkenny Rev., no . 9 (1956­7), p p 55­8 . who encourage d m y earl y interes t i n Kilkenny , an d gratefu l t o M r Lia m Brad y an d Mr s Place Place, Francis . 'KilkennIrishy with castl HistoricRoyale an d grounds' , [c . 1698] Irish . PeTownsn AcademyMargery Brad y foAtlasr patiently answerin g querie s over man y delightfu l lunches. and ink wash. Nationa l Gallery of Ireland, Dublin. Dr Katharin e Simm s an d M r Charle s Dohert y provide d comment s o n Kilkenny' s earl y Plummer Plummer, Charle s (ed.). Vitae sanctorum Hiberniae, partim hactenus history an d placenames. Much helpful assistance was provided by Ms Catherine Nugen t i n the ineditae ... . 2 vols. Oxford, 1910 . National Archives of Ireland an d by Mr Pat Scanlo n i n the Valuatio n Office. Dr Nicola Figgis Pratt Pratt, Henry . 'Th e cit y o f Kilkenny' . In A map of the kingdom of identified Thomas Mitchell a s the artist of the previously unattributed c. 176 0 view of Kilkenny Ireland newly corrected and improved ... with plans of the citys and and ha s kindl y permitte d us e o f this informatio n in advanc e of he r ow n publication. At th e fortified towns ... . London, 1708 . Reprinted Dublin , [1732]. National Gallery of Ireland, Dr Sighle Bhreathnach­Lynch an d Mr Adrian Le Harivel provided Prendergast Prendergast, J.P. 'Th e clearin g of Kilkenny, anno 1654' . In RSAI Jn., every hel p an d assistance . Thanks ar e als o due t o Mr Noel Kavanagh o f Bord Failte, Mr Paul vi (1860­61) , p p 326­44 . Ferguson and Mr John Kennedy . Prendergast an d Prendergast, J.P . an d Graves , James . 'A journey t o Kilkenn y in th e In th e Roya l Iris h Academy , i t a pleasur e t o than k Professo r Georg e Huxley , Dr Pete r Graves year 1709 : fro m th e M S note s of Dr Thomas Molyneaux'. In RSAI Harbison, D r Eamon 6 hOgain , Ms Siobha n O'Rafferty , M s Bernadette Cunningham an d M s Jn., v i (1860­61), p p 296­303 . Patricia McCarthy ; research assistants Ms Angela Murphy, Mr Tom O'Donnell an d Ms Ciar a Prim, 184 9 J.G.A. Prim , 'Ancien t Flemis h colon y i n Kilkenny'. In RSAI Jn., i O'Rourke; an d Mr s Mary Davies, forme r cartographi c editor , fo r he r wor k on Kilkenny over (1849­51), p p 37^10 . the years and mor e recentl y fo r her hel p with th e editing of the topographica l information . Prim, 185 0 Prim, J.G.A . 'Th e way­sid e crosse s o f Kilkenny' . In RSAI Jn., i (1849­51), p p 168­84 . Prim, 185 2 Prim, J.G.A . 'A n attemp t t o identif y th e person s wh o issue d tradesmen's token s i n Kilkenny' . I n RSAI Jn., i i (1852­3) , p p 159­76. Prim, 185 3 Prim, J.G.A . 'Th e marke t cros s o f Kilkenny' . I n RSAI Jn., i i (1852­3), p p 219­30 . Prim, 185 5 Prim, J.G.A. 'Document s connecte d with the city of Kilkenny militi a in th e seventeent h an d eighteent h centuries' . I n RSAI Jn., ii i (1854­5), p p 231­74 . Prim, 186 2 Prim, J.G.A. 'Note s o n Kilkenny inns an d taverns' . In RSAI Jn., vii (1862­3), p p 152­80 . Prim, 187 0 Prim, J.G.A . 'Th e corporatio n insigni a an d olde n civi c stat e o f Kilkenny'. In RSAIJn., x i (1870­71), p p 280­304 . Proceedings an d Proceedings and papers, RSAIJn. (1 ) iii (1854­5) , p p 129­40 . (2 ) vi papers (1860­61), p p 257­66 . (3 ) v i (1860­61) , p p 305­25 . (4 ) vii i (1864­6), pp 405­24. (5 ) x (1868­9), pp 139­62 . (6 ) xii (1872­3), p p 191­201. (7) xli (1911), pp 73­92 . Quane Quane, Michael . 'Pocock e School , Kilkenny' . In RSAI Jn., lxx x (1950), pp 36­72 . Robertson Robertson, J.G . (ed.) . Antiquities and scenery of the county of Kilkenny. Kilkenny , 1851. Reprinted, 1983 . Rocque Rocque, John . A survey of the city of Kilkenny, scal e 200 fee t t o a n A seal of Irishtown A seal of the Hightown inch. Dublin, 1758 .