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2 5 HAY 1989 27 JUN 1987 2 4 JUL 1989 I 0 SfP 1989 2 8 SEP J58'
, 4 OCT 1989 \ 3 NQ\J \9S9 rHE STORY OF THE NA.TIONS
EDmON tlCbe @ltotpof tbe JaatiottS.
Dhananjayarao Gadgil Library III~IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ GIPE-PUNE-002603
.HUNGARY THE STORY OF THE NATIONS
I. ROlllE. By ARTHUR GILMA~. 29. THE NORMANS. By SARA M.A. ORNE JEWETT. 2. THE JEWS. By Prof. J. K. 30. THE BYZANTINE EMPIR1 HOSMER., Dv C. W. C. OMAN. 3. GERMANY. By Rev. S. BARING 31. SICiLY: Phrenician, Greek an GOULD. M.A. Roman. By the late Prof. I 4. CARTHAGE. By Prof. ALFRED A. FREEMAN. J. CHUI
LONDON: T. FISHER UNWIN, PATEHNOSTEH SQUAHE. Frrmtispi.·u. SALLY FROM FORTRESS OF SZIGETV.. b. (See p. 317.) ~ HUNGARY . . IN ANCIENT, MEDIiEVAL, AND MODE.RN TIMES
BY ARMINIUS VAMBERY
PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVER~[TY OF BUDA-PL,H
WITH THE COLLABORATION OF LOUIS HEILPRIN
SEVENTH EDITION
:lLon~on T. FISHER UNWIN PATERNOSTER SQUARE COPYRIGHT BY T. FISHER U!(WIN, ISS6 (For Great Britain).
COPYRIIlHT BY G. P. PUTNA)I·S SO!(S, 18~t;> (For the United States of America). 2{;03 • PREFACE.
IN complying with the request of the publisher of the Nation$ Series.to write the' Story of H cmgary, I, unciertook,a task which was out of the range of my ptev'ious iit6l'ary undertakings, which' had for the roost P!lrt been, devoted to the geography, history, . 'lind philology pfCentral Asia. The principal reason which induced me to enter upon wll~t is for me a new literary field, was my desire to make E'nglish readers acquainted with the record of my' native country, and ,to present the various phas,~s of the history of Hungary in the light .best suited to attract ,the attention of the citizens of England, to whose opinion we Hungarians 'are by no means indifferent. , My willingness to prepare the present volume was further due to the fact, that it was not the History, but the Story q( Hungary, I was, asked to write; an undertaking in which I had simply to deal with the salient ev~nts, the most noteworthy personalities, and the most thrilling episodes in a narrative which covered riearly a thQusarid years,and was not called upon to consider the philosophical side ofth~. history, ~r to discuss the deeper-lying motives or the less significant details of nathnal action: viii PREFACE., For a task such as that presented to me, I con· cluded that the knowledge and" the ideas of a Hun garian man of letters were not inadequate; I have, nevertheless, had recourse,- in certain instances, to the assistance of writers who had given special- attention to" our national history, with the iqea of making as accurate as possible this the first Story of Hungary written in English. The proof-reading has been entrusted to the care of Mr. -Louis "Heilprin, a gentleman who is evidently thoroughly familiar with the subject, and to whom I desire to express my obligations not only for the care he has taken with the proof reading, but also for his attention in securing in my English text the most accurate and most effective forms of expression. I take this opportunity of expressing, also, my thanks for the kind co-operation of my countrymen, Messrs. Sebesty~n, Csanki, Acsady, and Vargha.
A.V BUDA-PESTH CONTENTS.
I. PAGB THE COUNTRY AND THE PEOPLE OF HUNGARY, 1-17 A bird's-eye view, I-Carpathian mountains, 5-Water sys tem, '7-Climate, 9-Various nationalities, I3-Constitu tion, 16. 1 i.
HUNGARY BEFORE THE OCCUPATION BY THE MAG- VARS Prehistoric times, 18-Pannonia and Dacia, 2o-The lI1ar comanni, 21=---Huns, 23-Gepidae, 24-Bajan, prince of the Avars, 2;.
III.
THE ORIGIN OF THE HUNGARIANS Nimrod and his desce~dants, 27-Two kindred races, 29- Cradle of the Magyar race, 32,-Country between the Volga and Danube, '33-Th~ severt dukes, 36-Invasion of Hun- gary, 37.-Defeat of Svatoplul<, 39. .
IV.
THE REIGN OF, THE DUKES • Arpad the first duke, 42-Defeat of King Berengar, 44- Battle of Presburg, 45-Battle of Merseburg, 47-Melan: choly Magyars, 49-Duke Gey~a, 51. ix x THE STORY OF IIU'NC/IRY.
V. VAGR THl> CONVERSION TO CHRISTIANITV Sham.. r:ism, 53-Missionaries, 55-Baptism of Stephen, 58 -Discontent, 59-Rigorous laws, 61-Change in manners and customs, 63
VI. ST. STEPHEN, THE FIRST KING OF HUNGARY. 65-96 St. Stephen's Day, 66-lnfluente of religious ideas, 69- Character of Stephen, 71-Emhassy tll Rome, 7-1-51. Stephen's crown, 75-Papal bull, 77-Christian church the corner-stone, 79-Cathedral of Stuhlweissenburg, 51-In crease of royal authority, 83-Revenues, 85~Prosperity of the country, 87-Atoock of Conrad, 8g-Stephen's advice to his son, 91-Stephen canonized, 96.
VII. THE KINGS OF THE HOUSE OF ARPAD 97-150 Wealth of the Arpads, 98-Charter of the Gold"n Bull, 99- Vatha, 102-Envoys of Henry III., 103-The brothers' feud, los-Power of paganism broken, I07-Battle of Mog yorad, 109-lncrease of population, III-Religious move ment in Europe, 114-The" bookish" king, n s-Struggle between uncle and nephew, II_7-BcHa's oath, IIg Royal chancery, 12i-Battle on the Drave, 124-Andrew II., 125-Complaints of the n~bles, 127-" Golden Bull," I2g-Mongol invasion, 132-Plain of Theiss, 13s-Battle of Muhi, 139-Bela's flight, 141-Colonization, 142-Frederic, Duke of Austria, 14-1-Alliance of houses of Hapsburg and Arpad, 14s-Ladislaus IV., 147-The sun of the Arpads sets, ISO, VIII. THE ANJOUS IN HUNGARY 15 1- 193 The Czech party victorious, I 52-Otto's march through Buda, 153-Charles Robert of Anjou crowned, IS4-Czech depre dations, 155-Battle of Kassa, 157--Zach family condemned, CONTENTS. xi
PAGB I6o-'-Wallachian' campaign, 16I-Louis the Great, 164- Assassination of Andrew, 165-The Pope's. sentence, 167- Successes in Servia, I69-Europe thr~atened by a new foe, 17I-Cultivation of the arts of peace, I/4-End of union between Poland and Hungary, I75-Coronation of Charles, 17i-Sigismund, ruler of Hungary, I 79-Execution of Kont, lSI-Approach of Bajazet, IS3-Electibn of new king, ISS -King of Hungary becomes Emperor of Germany, 187- Church of Rome, I89-Siege of Galambocz, 19r-Death of Sigismund,193. IX. JOHN HUNYADl; THE CREAT CHAMPION OF CHRIS- TIANITY 194-216 Every noble a born soldier, 195-Battle of Semendria, 196 -Heroism of Simon Kemeny, 199-Entrance of Turkish army, 20I-League against the Turks, 203-Terms of peace, 205-Battle of Varna, 207-Defeat of the Hungarians, 209 Invasion of Albania, 2u-Johil Capistrano, 213-Death of Hunyadi, 215. . X. KING MATTHIAS Personal courage, 22o-Vvars with the Poles and Czechs, 222-The Black Troop, 224-Siege of Vienna, 225- Severe disciplinarian, 229-Character of. Matthias, 23 I Embassy to Charles VIII., 233-Brilliant" cOllrt receptions, 235-" An" Earthly Paradise," 23S-New laws, 24o-King Matthias the Just, 241-Critical position, 243-Wealth, 245 -Renaissance,247-Court dinners, 249-Library, 251- Palace at Buda, 253-Deaihof Matthias, 256."
XI." THE PERIOD OF NATIONAL DECLINE, AND THE Drs- ASTROUS BATTLE OF MOHACS. 257-289 A dark page, 257-John Corvinus, 259-Deputation of Ulad islaus, 261-Disorders of the times, 263-Stephen Szapol- yai chosen king, 265-A distinguished brawl, 267-Condition of the Hungarian peasants, 269-Peasant war, 271-Popula~ 'xil THE STOR r OF HUNCAR Y.
PACK feeling, 273 - Indifference of the king, 27S - Frivolous amusements, 277-Fuggers, 279-Ka1allt/os League, 281- Siege of Shabatz, 283-Louis roused from his lethargy, 28S -Battle of Mohacs, 287-Hungarians pay a heavy penalty, 289.
XII. THE TURKISH WORLD, AND THE RISE OF PROTES· TANTISM • IN HUNGARY 290-336 Sack of Buda, 293-A nation with two kings, 29S-Amhi tiou. schemes of Solyman; 297-Gallant George Szondi, 299 -Stephen Losonczy, 30I-Temesvar taken by the Turks, 30s-Depressing days, 307-Heroic defence of Erlau, 308 -Plans of Solyman, 3II-Zrinyi retreats, 3IS-Wearisome ness of the siege, 3ls-Fall of Szietgvar, 317-The poet Balassa, 3I9-Spread of Luther's ideas, 322-.Laws against Lutherans, 323-Teachings of Calvin, 32s-The anti-refor mation movement, 327-Nicholas Zrinyi, 329~Last great campaign of the Osmanlis, 33I-Rout of the .Turks, 333- Peace of SZatmar, 33S-Desolation of Hungary, 336.
XIII.
THE AUSTRIAN RULE (1526-1780) 337-373 Ferdinand elevated to the throne of Hungary, 338-Turks averse to increase of Hapsburg power, 33
XIV. PAGE. THE EMPEROR JOSEPH II.-THE NATIONAL RE- ACTION AND THE NAPOLEONIC WARS, 374-399 A king refuses to be crowned, 37s-Imbued with eighteenth century views, 386-German made the ofliciallanguage, 379 -Shocks th~ prejudices of the people, 381-Crown removed to Vienna, 382-War declared against Turkey, 38s-Succes sion of Leopold II., 387-Hungary declared an independent country,. 389-Laws securing religious libert", 3C)O-Arbi trary government of Francis I., 39I-Hungarian Jacobins, 392-Echo of the French ideas, 394-Liberalleaders arrested, 39S-Bloody executions, 396-Main functions of the diets, 397-Constitution ignored, 398-Levy of recruits, 399.
XV. SZECHENYI, ~OSSUTH,' AND THE STRUGGLE FOR LIBERTY IN 1848-1849 40 0-44" Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 400-Stephen Szechenyi, 402-Congress of Vienna, 404-Speaks in Hungarian, 406- Publication of .. Credit," 40<)":-Introduction of horse-racing, 41o-Danube Steam Navigation Company, 4U-Louis Kossuth, 412-Leaders of public" opinion, 414-Censorship of .the press, 4IS-Kossuth's imprisonment, 416-Pesti Hirlap,417-Attacks on Kossuth, 418-Policy of the Vien nese government,42o-Revolutions of 1848, 421-Talpru Magyar, 422-Reforms of the diet, 423-Hungary a modern state, 424-Rebellion of Croatians, Wallachs, and Serbs, 426-Honvids, 427-Vote for troops and funds, 428-Death of Szechenyi, 429-Invasion of Windeschgratz, 43o-Klapa achieves his first triumph, 43I-Alliance between Joseph and the Czar, 432-Battle of Vilagos, 433-Persecution of the patriots, 434-Work of reconciliation, 43s-Austria Hungary, 436-Curia-"~gia, 437-Pragmatic Sanction, 438 -Pardon for political offenders, 440. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
I'.\GR SALLY FROM FORTRESS OF SZIGETVAR .Frontispiece SELF-IMMOLA TION OF SZONDI . xviii DANUBE FROM THE RUINS OF VISEGRAu . 3 ICE GROTTO OF DEMENFALVA 5 .BORDERS OF THE DANUBE 7 BUDA-PESTH I I COACHMAN 12 HUNGARIAN TYPES 13 CHILDREN FROM THE DISTKICT OF THE SAVE IS A"KOLA" 17 ROMAN AND DACIANS, FROM TRAJAN'S COLUMN 19 A ROMAN TEMPLE • 2 I HUNGARIAN SHEPHERD • 31 ELECTION OF ALMOS, THE FIRST DUKE 35 ARPAD TAKES POSSESSION OF HUNGARY 43 BAPTISM OF ST. STEPHEN. 57 CORONATION OF ST. STEPHEN • 67 THE PEOPLE SEDUCED BY VATHA CLAI~ THE RE- ESTABLISHMENT OF PAGANISM TOI· DUEL BETWEEN ST. LADISLAUS AND AKUS Il3 BELA IV. RETURNS TO HIS COUNTRY, DEV.\STATED BY THE MONGOLS 141 CASTLE OF ARVA 153 CATHEDRAL OF GRAN T6J
1(\' XVI' THE STOR Y OF HUNC1R Y. r, < PACB CASTLE OF BETZXo • 173 CASTLE OF HUNY AnI 196 PRESBURG 219 FORTRESS OF BUDA . 227 RUINS OF VISEGRAD 237 JELLACHICH SQUARE, AGRAM 255 HEROIC DEFENCE OF ERLA U 30 9 PASHA'S HOUSE 3 19 HUNGARIAN PEASANTS IN AN INN 321 A CSIx6s • 339 HUNGARIAN PEASANTS 349 PEASANT GIRL FROM THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF BUDA- PESTH EiUNGARIAN PEASANT EiUNGARIAN PORTER (DOOR-KEEPER) ;LOV Ak WOMEN AND CHILDREN ;YPSY HUTS )LD GYPSY WOMAN fALl' OF GYPSiES ;YPSIES AND LADY fOUSE AT KRAPINA fUNGARIAN GYPSY. iUNGARIAN LADY • .vOMAN'S HEAD-DRESS :ARTS lARKS ON DANUBE • INDEX.
A Altai Mountains, cradle of Magyar race, 32 Abdi Pasha surrenders Buda to Anagarini, John, Papal envoy to Duke Charles, 332 Matthias, 236 Academy of Sciences at Buda- Andrassy, Count, 439 Pesth founded, 407 . Andrew, Prince, rebellion of, 60 ; Adalbert, St., Bishop of Prague, S6 made king, 61; issues rigorous Agram, Bishopric of, founded, III laws,61 . Ahmed Pasha, besieges Temesvar, Andrew I., King of Hungary, 302; takes fortress, 30S; be 102 ; victories over pagan reh sieges Erlau, 308; is repulsed, els, 103; gives one third of his 311 realm to BtHa, 103; son born, Albert, Emperor of Germany, 104; feud with Bela, 1.0S; de cOII.es to the assistance of Wen feated by Bela, 106 ceslaus, IS3 Andrew, brother of Emeric, 123; Albert, King of Hungary, dies, defeats Emeric and proclaims 210 himself Duke of Croatia, Dal Aladar and Csaba, sons of AttHa, matia, Rama, and Chulmia, 123 ; 30 captured by Emeric, I2~; made Albert, Duke of Poland, lays guardian of his nephew, 12S waste Hungary,. 262 Andrew II., ascends the throne, Albrecht, Archduke, 438 12S ; under his wife's dominion, Alfold (Lowland), taken by the 12S ; weakness of, 126 j cam Turks, 340; colonized by the paign in Galicia, 126 j goes to Servians, 361 ; depopulated, 368 the Holy Land, 129; grants Ali, Pasha of Buda, besieges Dre "Golden Bull," 129; dies, gel, 299; clemency to two 133 youths, 300 ; takes Dregel, 301 ; Andrew III., ascends the throne, generosity to remains of Szondi, 149; death, ISO 301 Andrew, son of Charles ,of Anjou, Aliportug, 31S betrothed to Joanna of Naples, Almos, first duke of the Huns, 36 ; 164 ; assassinated, 166 oath to, 36 Anjou, house of-first king, lSI Almos, brother of Coloman, rebel Anna, daughter of Uladislaus, 26S; lion of, 116; defeated u6; de betrothed to Ferdinand, son of prived of sight, 116; 'rebels Maximilian, 266 against Stephen II.• u6 ; dies, Anna, Duchess of Teschen, mother 117 of Stephen Szapolyai, 26S THE STOR 1:" OF HUNGAR Y.
Anna of Candal, 'wife of UladiS-1 Bardico, John, captain of the re- laus, dies, 276 public of Venice, 180 Anna Pekry, wife of Losonczy, Bathory, Stephen, traitor to the son tries to raise money for her of Matthias, 261, 285 ; at battle besieged husband, 303 of MoMcs, 288' . Apaffy, Prince of Transylvania, Batthyanyi, Count Louis, deputy 357 from county of Pesth, 121 ; pres- Apors, 147 ident of new ministry, 424 Apo/Mons of Augustus, 18 Batu Khan, leads Mongolians Arnulph, King of Germany, 3<) across the Carpathian range, Arpad, first ruler of Hungary, 42 ; 138; massacres Kuthen, defe'lts death, 44; house of, 97; ex- Bela at Muhi, 139; retreats from tinction of, 149 Trau, 141 Astrik, mission to Rome, 76 Bavaria, invaded by the Hungari- Altila, pushes forward, 23 ; death ans, 48 of, 24; sons of, contend for Bazacid, Ban Michael, ruler of possession of empire, 24; Ala- Wallachia, revolt of, 160 dar and Csaba, sons of, 30 Beatrice, daughter of the king of Augsburg, victory near, 48 Naples, wife of Matthias, 234; Aurelian, withdraws legions" 32 ; favors candidature of Maximill- allows Goths to settle, 23 ian of Germany, 260 Austrian government persecutes Bela, Adalbert, brother of Andrew, the Protestants, 344 ; encourages 103; defeats Henry III., 103; the Catholics, :;47 ; defeated by popularity of, 104; feud with Kossuth, 411 ; declared to have Andrew, 105 ; conquers Andrew, forfeited its right to Hungary, 106; proclaimed king, 106 432 Bela I., rebellion against, 106; Austria, supremacy comes to an sons of, resign claim to throne in end, 438 favor of Solomon. 107 Austria-Hungary, new kingdom Bela II., son of Almos, ascends of, 440 the throne, 117; Ilona, wife of. Avars, first appearance, 24; con- II7 ; vengeance of, at Arad, 117 ; quered by the Franks, 25 dies, 118 ; Geyza II., son of, 118 B BeIa III., br;)ther of Stephen III., 98; goes (') Constantinople, 119 ; Bajan, prince of the Avars, 25 adopted hy Manuel, II9; takes Bajazet, on Hungarian soil, 182; oath never to attack the Greek defeats Sigismund, 184 empire, 119; returns to his na Bakacs, Thomas, archbishop, as tive country and ascends throne, pires to the papal see, 268; or·· 120; restores order, 120; intro ganizes crusade against the duction through wives of German Turks, 268 ; appointed guardian and French manners, 122; Erne to Louis, 276 ric. son of, 123 ; dies, 123. Balassa, Valentine, 318; takes part Bela IV., ascends the throne, 133; in the storming of Gran, 319 drives back Frederic, of Austria, Balkan Peninsula, appearance of 134 ; admits Kuthen, king of the Turks on, 299 Kuns, and his people into the Barbara, wife of Sigismund, nego land. 135; defeated by the Mon giates with Ladislaus III. of Po golians at Muhi, 139; flees to land, 193 ; imprisoned, 193 Spalato, then to 'frau, 141 ; re- INDEX. 443 turns to H ung';"y, 141 ; strives to ICarpathian range, 1 revive his' desolated c~)Untry, Casimir, King of Poland, 159; ae- 142 ; founds Buda, 144 ; tnumphs knowledges Louis, son of Charles over Frederick" of AustIia" 144; of Anjou, his heir, 162 ; dies, 171 dies, 145 Census in Hungary opposed, 38 .. Belgrade, Turks defeated by Hun- Charles Robert, of Anjou, ascends yam at, 214 ; taken by the Turks, the throne, 151; crowned the 284 fourth time, 154; defeats Mat- Benedek, 'Marshal, 438 thias Czak, 157 ; introduces chiv- Beni, 431 aIry, 158; popularity, 159; es- Bethlen, Gabriel, Prince :of Tran- capes from Wallachia, 161; ac- sylvania, leads the Czechs and quires Naples and Poland, 162; Protestants of Hungary, and arranges with Cassius, King of takes Presburg, 348 ; makes tenns Poland, that Poland should de- with Viennese government, 348 ; scend to Louis, his son, 162; dies, 350 death, 164 Black lroop, organized by Mat- Charles of Durazzo conquers Na- thias, 224 pIes, 168 ; crowned at Stuhlweis- Bocskay, Stephen, Prince of Tran- senburg,.I77; death, 178 sylvania, leads insurrection Charles IV., of Gennany, suspi against the Hapsburgs, 345; ious of Louis of Hungary, 170; proclaimed king of Hungary by Charles, Duke of Lorraine, routs the Turks, 345 ; counsels a con- the Turks~ 33 [; takes Buda, ciliatory policy. 346 332; conquers. at MoMcs, 333 Bonafini, lectures of, at the court of Charles III. of Austria and Hun- Matthias, 249 gary i!laugurates new policy, 368 Brankovitch, Prince of Servia, 212 Church of Hungary, relations with Branyiszk6. 431 the Vatican, 186 Brebiris the, 147 Church of Rome, condition of, 187 Bruno, 56 Christianity, victory of, 60 'Buda, assembly of lords at, 184; Cities, franchises of, 186; privi- under Matthias, 252'; founded by leges of, 343 Bela IV., 144 ; captured by Soly- Climate, 9 man the Magnificent, 289; re- Coloman, ascends throne, II4; stored to Hungary, 332 ; diet at, drives crusaders away, II4; 386 receives Godfrey of Bouillon, Buda-Pesth, ]0; statue of Stephen II4; increases domains, lIS; Szeche!lyi at, 400; national ca- 'styles himself King of C,'oa- sino at, 4II ; newspaper started tia and Dalmatia," lIS; called at, by Kossuth, 415; real capital, Konyves, a bookish king, lIS; 422 ; revolution ill, 422 jseat of Brother Almos rebels-lIS; ad- government,428 ministers justice, lIS j Stephen, son of, Il6 C Congress of Vienna, 404' Conrad, death of, 50 Capistrano, John, preaches a cru Conrad II., Emperor of Ger sade against the Turks, 213 many, 88 j war with Stephen, Caraffa, 360 ' - 89 Carlowitz, treaty of peace signed Constantinople, capital of the at, 334 Turldsh empire, 212 444 THE STORY OF HUNGARY.
Constitution, 16 ; restored to Hun Danube Steam Navigation Com gary, 437 pany, 411 Cons:;tutional monarch V estab Debruzen, seat of government, lished, 424; enthusiasm for, 430 424 Deak, Francis, 414; minister of Corvinus, John, son of Matthias, justice, 424; heads representa candidate for the throne, 259 tive committee, 437 Council of Constance, 190 Dia\!:ovar, J 79 County assemblies, 437 Diet {1567) inveighs ligainst the Court of Matthias, 250 foreign soldiery, 341; religious Cracow, coronation- of Louis of discussion in, prohibited by Ru -Hungary at, 172 dolph, 345; minority 0(- Prot Croatia added to Hungary, III ; estants in, 358; relinquishes dissatisfaction in, 176; old con the people's right, 360; at Buda, stitution restored to, 437 386-389; removed to Presburg, Croats, incited by the Viennese 387 ; reforms institutions of government against the Hun Hungary, 423; removed to garians, 120; rebel, 426; de Buda-Pesth, 427; driven to feated, 428 Pubreczen, 430; declares the Crown, double, of Hungary re house of Hapsburg to have for moved by Joseph IV. to Vi feited its right to Hungary, 432 ; enna 382; sent back t~ Ruda, dissolution of 437; opened by 386 • the emperor, 438 Crusade, 114; third, 122 ; against Dob6, Stephen, commandant at the Turks, 213 ; proclaimed,268 Erlau, 307 ; repulses the Turks, Csak, Matthias, 159; marauding 311 expeditions from the castle of Dobozy, Michael, flight and death Trecsen, 155; excommunication of, 293 of, 156; defeated by .Charles D6zsa George, made leader of CI'U Robert of Anjou at Kassa, sade, 270; leads hi. men against 157; dies a horrible death, 157 the nobles, 271; besieges Tem Csak (family), 147; extermination esvar, is defeated and executed, of, 159 272 Csaky, Nicholas, killed, 271 Dn\gfy, John, Cbief-Justice, at the Cselenyi, John, 160 battle of Mohaes, 287 Culture, renaissance of, 247 Dregel, taken by the Turks under Curia "~gia, supreme court of ju Ali Pasha, 300; monumental dicature, 437 chapel erected at, 301 Custozza, battle of, 438 _ Czechs, clamors of, against Hun E gary, 203; routed on plain of Morava, 146; joined by the Protestants in insunection Elizabeth, daughter or Andrew against the Hapsburgs, 348; III., 151 routed by Tilly near Prague, Elizabeth, wife of Charles of 348 Anjou, builds cathedral at D Kassa, 162; goes to Naples in aid of her son Andrew, 162 Dacia, province of, 20 Elizabeth; wife of Louis of Hun Damjanics, 431 gary, offers to Poland her daugh- INDEX. 445 ter Hedwig as queen, 176 ; IFrederic, Duke of Austria, defeat. strangled, 179 ed by BcHa IV., 144; dies, 144 Elizabeth, daughter of Sigismund, French enter Hungary, 397; defeat married to Albert of Austria, 186 the Hungarians near Raab, 398 Emeric, son of Stephen, Clo ; educa- Fuggers, the, 279 tion of, 90; death of,94 Filnfkirchen (Pecs), University of, Emeric, son of Bela III., ascends 174 the throne, 123; defeated by G Andrew, 123 ; dies, 125. Emperor and Pope, rivalry of, 70 Galambocz, siege of, 191 Eperjes, bloody tribunal of, 360 Galicia, campaign in, 126 Erlau besieged by Ahmed Pasha, Garay, palatine of Croatia, 176; 308 defends the queens and dies, 178 Eugene, Duke of Savoy, assumes George of Brandenburg, appointed commandership of Hungarian guardian to Louis 276 forces, 333 ; annihilates a Turk Gepidre, ruling people in Hungary, ish army, 334 ; defeats the Turks 24 near Peterwardein, 335; defeats Gerhard, St., death, 61 the Turks, 359 Germans, defeat of, 44; victory Europe threatened by a new foe, of, 48 ; in Hungary, 322 170 German confederation. dissolved, 438 , F Gertrude, wife of Andrew II., 125 Geyza II., ascends throne, 109; Ferdinand of Austria. elected king son of BcHa, 1I8 ; hostilities, II8 ; of Hungary 295 ; king of Bohe dies, n8 ; Stephen III., son of, mia, 338 n8 Ferdinand II., cousin of Matthias, Gisella, wife of Stephen, 69 King of Bohemia, 347 Golden Bull, 99; rights granted Ferdinand V., King of Hungary, by, relinquished by diet, 360 424 Gorgei, commander-in-chief of the Field of Blood, 396 Hungarian army, 430; surren Fiume, city of, 7; given to Hun ders.433 gary by Maria Teresa, 371 Gran (Esztergrom), capital of Hun France, revolution in, 386 gary, 68 Francis I., of France, stirs up Soiy Gregory VII., ,claims submission man, 286 from Ladislaus, IIO Francis I., crowned, 390; perse Grosswardein, Tomb of Ladislaus, ' cutes enlightened men 396 ; arbi II2; Hungarian victory at, 168 trary government, 398; returlls Gustavus Adolphus, 350 to constitutional government, Guyon, 431 399 . Gyula, Duke, rebellion 'If, 60 ; de Francis, Joseph, enters into allic feated,60 ance with Czar of Russia, 432 ; H visits Hungary, 436 Frangepan Christopher, 267 ; con· Hajnoczi, Joseph, 393; arrested, spires against Leopold I., 355 ; 395 beheaded, 355 Hapsburg, house of, rulers of Frederic Barbarossa leads third Hungary, 337 ; Rudolph of, 145 crusade, 122 Hatvan, diet at, 280 THE STOR Y OF HUNGAR Y.
Haynau, Baron, persecutes the pa-I triots, 434 Hedervari, Francis, deserts Bel- Illes'hazy, 344 grade, 284 Ilona, wife of Bela II., II7; opens Hedwig, daughter of Louis of diet at Arad, 117; orders mas- Hungary, marries Duke Jagello, sacreat Arad, 117 174 ; becomes queen of Poland, Industrial and commercial status, I 175 16 'Henry the Fowler, 47 Iron gate (Vaskapu), 5, 4II Henry II. of Germany, 88 Ishak, pasha of Semendria, 198 Henry III. visits Stephen, 89 bolda, nurse of Andrew, 165 Horvathy, John, attacks the two J- queens near Diakovar, 179 Holubar, contest with Matthias, J acobins, Hungarian league of, 392 229 Jagello, Duke of Lithuania, mar Horse-racing introduced into Hun ries Hed vig, a daughter of Louis gary, 411 of Hungary, 174 Hungarian Alps, 6 James, son of Vatha; leads pagan Hungarians (early), legends in re rebellion against Bela I., 107; gard to origin, 27 ; invade Ger- defeated, 107 many, 42; invade Italy, 44; J ellachich, Ban', leader of the incursion into Germany and Croats, 426; defeated, 428 France, 46; disasters of, 56 Jesuits inaugurate Thirty Years' Hungary, topography and climate, War, 347 1 ; cities of, 16; conquest by £he Joanna of Naples, wife of' An Huns, 39; invasion by Luitpold drew, conspires against her hus and Ditmar, 44; under two kings, band, 165; marries Louis of 295; reduced to an Austrian Taranto, 167; sentenced by the province, 356;. reorganized by Pope, 168 government of Vienna, 361; J6kai, Mauro., 422 material condition improved by Joseph I., Emperor of Austria and Maria Teresa, 372; German King of Hungary, 366: grants made the official language, 382; amnesty to the insurgents, 367 new -laws, 423; recovers her Joseph II., s~nds crown back to- national rights, 4.36 Buda, 386; death, 386 Huns, first appearance, 23; of Joseph II. refuses to receive the Turkish extraction, 33; seven crown of Hungary, 375 ; called dukes of, 34; mode of warfare, the" kala/os" king, 375 ; wages 37; conquer Hungary, 39 war agamst the Hungarian na Hunyadi, John, 194; defeats the 'tionality, 376; reigus as absolute Turks, 197 ; gallantry, 198; tri sovereign, 278; hated by the umphs in the Balkan passes, people, 380 ; gives religious free 205 ; victorious at Varna, 207; dom to the Protestants, 380; defeated, 209; governor of H un shocks the religious feelings of gary, 210; unites with the Al the Hungarians, 38 I; removes banians, 2rI; defeated, 211; double crown to Vienna, 382; death, 215 makes, by edict, German the Hunyor, 28; settlement of pro official language of Hungary, geny,29 382; declares war against Tur Huss, John, 189 key, 385 IN.DEX. 447 Julius II., 268 . IKBszeg, refuses to do homage to Jura, nics, Lawrence, 3[7; death Solyman, 297; siege of, 298 . at siege of Szigetvar, 3[7 Krafi Bey, death of, 208 Juricsies, Michael, commander of Klms (Cumanians), routed by Koszeg, 297; saves Austria, 298 Ladislaus, III ; under Kuthen, settle in Hungary, 135; cruel K ties,I52 ; devastate Moravia,I70 Kurucz-Labancz era, 357 Kaan, Prince, defeated by Ste- Kurucs; rebellion, 268; insurgents, phen, 60 . 357; receives aid from the "Kalandos" Society, 2Sr French,Porte,and Transylvania, Karolyi, Alexander, 335 358; led by Tokolyi, 358; led Kassa, battle of, 157; cathedral by Francis Rakoczy II., 363; of, 162; given to the Catholics, demands of, 394 344 Kuthen, King of the Kuns, settles Kazinczy, Francis, regenerator of in Hungary, 135 ; massacred by Hungarian literature, 394; im Batu Khan, 138 prisonment of, 396 Kiev, fate of, 136 L Kieystut, Prince of Lithuania, 168 Kinizsy, Paul, captain of Matthias, Labancz (Austrians), 357; slIrren 230; traitor to the son of Mat der, 358 thias, 261; massacres Hungarian Laczkovics, John, 393; arrested, soldiers near Halos, 264; dies, 395 . 264' . Ladislaus, sari of Bela, 109; as Kisfaludy, Charles, 285 cends throne, 109; character of, Klapa, 431; defends Komarom, 110; sides with Pope, 110; ex 433 tends his kingdom, Ill; rou ts Komarom, 43 I ; taken by the Im the Kuns, Ill; laws of, 112; perialists, 433 buried at Grosswardein, 112; Kant, Stephen,of Hedervar, death, apparition of, 168 181 Ladislaus, son of Emerie, dies, Kopan, rebellion of, 59; death of, 125 60 Ladislaus IV., 155; defeats Otto Korogi, Peter, of the wonderful kar, 146 ; alliance with Rudolph, stomach, 277 147; death, ]48 Kosovo, battle of, 186 Ladislaus of Naples, penetrates Kossuth, Louis, rival of Szechenyi, into the interior of Hungary, 412; refuses to be bought by the 186; defeated, 186 government, 415; starts news Ladislalls V., King of Hungary, paper, 415: imprisoned, 416; 212 pardoned, 417; obtains permis Ladislaus, son of Hunyadi, assas sion to edit a paper, 517; at sinated, 218 tacked by the press, 418; deputy Lands of the Sacred Crown, 374 from the county of Pesth, 421 ; Language, regulated according to asks for responsible ministry, nationality, 436; Magyar recog 421 ; Minister of Finance, 424 ; nized as the official language, introduces motions in Assembly, 437 427; head of the government, Lazarevitch, Stephen, Prince of 430 ; exile, 434. Servia, ,191 THE STORY OF HUNGARY.
Lehel, Duke, death of, 50 ~83; defeated and killed at Mo- Leo the Wise, Emperor of Byzan hilcs, 289 . tium,39 LuHcs, Bishop of Cenad, 263 Leo X., Pope, 268 'Leopold I., tries to conciliate .the M Turks, 33 [; defeats George Rakoczy II., 352; defeated by Magyars, 28 ; rebellion against, in the Turks near Raab, 353; en 997, 59 deavors to make homogeneous Manuel, Emperor of the East, empire, 354; imposes land and u8 j offers peace to the H unga corn tax, 355 ; death, 366 rians, u8 j promises to adopt Leopold II., ascends the throne, Bela heir, u9 387; crowned, 389 ; death, 390 Marcomanni, the, invasion of, 21 Library of Matthias, 252; destroyed Maria Teresa, policy of, 368 j ap by Solyman, 289 peals to the Hungarians, 370 j Linz, Peace of, 327 gives Fiume to Hungary, 371 j Lissa, naval battle at, 438 improves the material condition Literature, leaders in, 404 of Hungary, 372 Lithuanian insurrection, 172 Maritza, defeat of the Turks at, Logody, Simon, heroically defends 171 Shabatz, 224 Martinovics, Ignatius, leader of Longobards, invited by Justinian Hungarian J acobins, 392 j ar to settle in Pannonnia, 24; col rested, 395 lision between, and Gepidre, 25 Marton, Father, embassyof,to Ali. Losonczy, Stephen, commander of Pasha, 300 garrison at Temesvar, 302; be Mary, daughter of Louis of Hun sieged by Ahmed Pasha, 302; gary; betrothed to Sigismund, tries to raise money, 303 ; writes son of the Emperor Charles IV., last letters, 304; withdraws 170 j proclaimed queen of Hun troops, 305; death, 305 gary, 175 j marriage of, 176; Louis of Taranto marries Joan made prisoner, 179 j dies, 183 na, widow of Andrew, 167 Mary; widow of Louis I., flies to Louis Laczfy, voyvode of Tran Presburg, 292 sylvania, . defeated at Gross Matthias, son of H unyadi, pro wardein, 168 claimed king, 217; chivalric Louis, son of Charles of Anjou, character of, 220; victories over acknowledged heir to the throne the German knight Holubar, of Poland, 162; ascends Hun 220; captures Vienna, 222; or garian throne, 164; swears rc ganizes Black Troop, 224 j lays venge for his brother's death, siege to Shabatz, 224; anec 166 ; subdues Naples, 167 ; puts dotes of, 226 j campaign against 111 end to incursions from the Frederic, 229; sends embassy East, 168; Servian victories, to France, 233; to Naples, 234 ; 169; Venetian victories, 169; reforms the laws, 240; capacity, offered the German crown, 170; 243 j increases royal revenue, crowned king of Poland, 172; 246 ; dies, 256 death, 174 Matthias, successor to Rudolph, Louis II., son of Vladislaus, born, 346 266; crowned, 276; poverty of, Maximilian, treaty with Vladis. 277 ; marries Mary of Austria, laus, 266 IN.DEX.
Maximilian "or Austria, King of' lIonvlds, national guard, ~ungary, 341 Nyary. Paul, .leader of lI-ldancholy Magyars, 49 position, 428. Merseburg, battIe of, 47 o Meszaros, Lawrence, 270 Metternich, Prince, 408; 421 Olah, Blasius, 284 Mezid Bey, dispatched by the Sul- Ostyaks, 32 tan against the Hungarians, 198 Ottakar, King of Bohemia, over'<:i Miecislas, wife ef Bela, 103 thrown by Bela IV. and hil Mohacs, battle at, 288; slaughter sons, 145 at, 292 Otto the Bavarian, assists Wences- Mohammed 1., Sultan, 190 ; Vice 1aus' 153; decoyed by the va)' roy of Hervoga, 191 vode of Transylvania, 154 Mohammed II. makes Constanti Otto the Great, of Germany, 48 nople his capital, 212 Mongolians, invasion of, 137 ; de P feat the Hungarians at Muhi, 139 ; retreat of, 141 Palace of Matthias, 252; sacked Money (paper), issue of, 398 by Solyman, 295 Morava or March, plain of, route Palreologos, John (Emperor of the of the Czech armies, 146 East), 171 ; visits Buda, 171 More, Michael, treachery of, 284 Palisna, John, delivers up Mary, Muhi, battle of, 139 wife of Sigismund, to Venice, Murad, Sultan, death, 182 180 Mustapha II., Sultan, defeated by Pannonians, 18 Duke Eugene near Zentu, 334 Parliament (diet), 16; at Arad, II7 N Patriots, persecutions of, 434 Pazmany, Cardinal Peter,· 326 ; Nadasdy conspires against Leo- primate of Hungary, 347 pold, I; seized and beheaded, Peasants, condition of, 269; op- 355 pressive laws for, 274· Nagy, Paul, 407 Peasant war, 267; end of, 273 Nagy, Simon, 229 Perenyi, Francis, Bishop of Gross- Napoleon endeavors to tempt the wardein, 287 Hungarians from their Austrian Persecutions, 391 allegiance, 397 Pesti Hirlap (Pesth newspaper), National Assembly, 427 417 ' National Breeding Association,4II Petchenegs, defeated by Stephen, National casino at Buda-Pesth, 79 . 41I Peter, successor to Stephen, 100 i National exhibition (1885), .I7 asks help of the German em- National museum of Buda-Pesth, peror, 100 ; takes oath of fealty 402 to Germany, 100; rebellioll Nicopolis, battle near, 183 against, IOI; prisoner and de- Nickolsburg, treaty of, 328 prived of. sight, I02 ~obles arm under Bathory (Comes) Peterwardem, 287 and Csaky, 271 ; oppose the Aus- Pe~~fi, Alexander, 422 ; death, 433 trian government 343; poll-tax IPhilIp of Taranto, son of CatRer. imposed upon by Leopold 1., 356 ine of Valois, at Naples, 165 29 THE STOR Y OF HUNGAR Y.
, Bishop of Passau, 55 Roman influence, weakening of, "J acob, teacher of Louis 23 Le-~;:~~~d, 2~eorge, King of the Roman emperors of Pannonian origin, 22 L<;'land, troubles In, 172 Rozgonyi, Cecilia, heroism of, 192 olitical divisions, 9 . Rudolph of Hapsburg, alliance orte, secretly promises aid against with Ladislaus IV., 145; letter the Austrians, 357 to Ladislaus, 146 Pragmatic Sanction, 369 Rudolph, son of Maximilian, King Prague, root of the Czechs at, of Hungary, 3012 ; irritated with 348 ; peace of, 438 the Hungarian diet, 342 ; Press, liberty of. gained by the leaves Hungary for 25 years, Revolution in 1848,422 342; prohibits religious discus Presburg, battle of, 45 ; taken by sion in the diet, 345 the Turks, 293 ; taken by Beth Ruprecht, Emperor of Germany, len, 348; diet at, 389 dies, 187 Protestantism, rise of, 320; loses Russ, Melchior, Swiss envoy, re ground in Hungary, 348 ceived by Matthias, 236 Protestants, laws against, 323; persecuted, 325; given equal S rights by StepbenBocskay, 326 ; Sadowa, battle of, 438 persecuted by the Austrian gov Sarolta, wife of Duke Geyza, 51 ; ernment, 3014; join the Czechs mother of Stephen, 68 against the Hapsburgs, 348; Selim, Sultan, vows to build mos freedom of worship interfered ques in Jerusalem, Buda, and with, 361; receive religious Rome,282 . freedom from Joseph II., 380 Semendria, fortress of, 196 R Serbs, rebellion of. 426-428 Seredy, Caspar, 286 Raab, Turkish victory at, 353; Servia, conquered by the Turks.. French victory at, 398 182 Rakoczy, George I., Prince of Shabatz, siege of, 224; siege of, Transylvania, 35 I by the Turks, 283 ; taken by the Rakoczy II., George of Transyl Turks, 284- vania, rebels against the Aus Shamanism, 53; Magyars, re trian rule, 334 ; retires to Poland, ligion of the, contains traces 335; victorious over the Ger of the Parsee religion, 55 mans and Turks, 352 ; defeated Sigismund, husband of Queen by Leopold, 352 Mary, hypothecates the coun Rakbczy, Fr.ancis, conspires tries' funds, 176; crowned king against Leopold I., and estates of Hungary, 179; marches into confiscated. 355; leads new in Croatia and Bosnia, 180 ; makes surrection, 363 alliance with Manuel, Emperor Rakos, diet at. 258; meeting of of the East, 183; defeated by National assembly at, 265 Bajazet, 184; imprisoned, ISS; Raven Knight, the, 196 marries Barbara, daughter of Reformation, 282; in Hungary, Count Arminius Cilley, IS6; es 32 3 tablishes the Order of the Drag Religions, 14 on, 186; elected e.nperor of Rivers and islands, 8 Germany, 187; war with Venice, INDEX. 451
188; travels of, 190; offered Stuhlweissenburg, eapitalof Hun the crown of Bo;hemia, 192;, gary, 102; Wenceslaus crowned death, 193 at, 152 Sig!~mu~d Hampr, Bishop of Svatopluk, King of Moravia, 39; l' unfklrchen, 263 death of, 4I . Siklos, castle of Sigismund, 185 Sylvester II., Pope, confirms Hun- Silistria, conquered by the Turks, garian bishoprics, 74; gives Ste- 182 . phen title of .. Apostolic King," Simon Kemeny, I99 75 ; presents crown to Stephen Siavonia. old constitution restored 75 ' to, 437 Szalankemen, complct(' rout of Slovaks, sway of, 37 Turks at, 333 Slovenes, 37 Szalkan, primate of Hungary, 267 Sobieski, John, of Poland., routs Szalkay, Bishop, 285 the Turks, 33I Szapolyai, Governor of Vienna, Solomon, son of Andrew, 104; sells Hungarian throne to Ulad- betrothal of, I04; ascends throne, islaus of Poland, 26I' roS ; feud with sons of B.Ha, I09; Szapolyai, Stephen, aspires to the defeated at Mogyorod, I09; leads throne of Hungary, 265; at- the life of a hermit, 109 tempts to murder Uladislaus, Solyman the Magnificent, 282; 266 sends ambassador to Louis II., Szechenyi,. Stephen, statue of, attacks Shabatz and Belgrade, 400; birth and history of, 402 ; 283; invades Hungary, 286; travels, 404; speaks in Hun- defeats Louis at Mohacs and garian, 406; founds the Acad- enters Buda, 289; returns to emy of Sciences, 407; first lit- Constantinople, . 295; marches erary work, 409; .. Credit," towards Vienna, 297; retreats 4IO; introduces horse - racing, after siege of Koszeg, 298; be- 4II ; rivalry with Kossuth, sieges Temesvar, 302; invades 412 i aristocratic tendencies of, Hungary for the sixth time, 3II; 4I3; insanity and suicide, 429 besieges Szigetvar Szecsi, Desiderius, death of, I6I Spalato, 141 Szerenc, Emeric, 280 . Spanish war of succession, 364 Szigetvar besieged by Solyman, Standing army, 369 3I2; death, 317. States, general meeting of, 260 Szondi, George, gallant (lefence of Stephen, bapti.m of, 57; rebeIlion Dregel, 299; asks. favor of Ali against, 59; defeats Gyula and Pasha, 300; death, 30I Khan, 60; first king of Hun- Szoneny, Turks repulsed by 'Kin- gary, 65; extinguishes the pagan izsy at, 264 faith, 72; founds abbeys, 80; T munificence of, 82; constitu tional reforms, 84'; war with Talpra Magyar, poem by Pet/ifi, Conrad, 89; advice to his son, 422 91; chooses his successor, 95; Taltos, Shamanish ,Priests, 54 death of, 95; canonization, 96 Tartars defeat Rackoczy in Po Stephen II., son of Coloman, as land, 352 cends the throne, n6 Tax, land and corn, imposed, by Stephen III., son of Geyza, as Leopold I., 355 ; oppressive, im eends the throne, lI8; dies, lI9 posed, 362; made permanent, 369 THE STORY OF HUNGARY.
Tax-poll, imposed on every in Turks, defeated at Maritza, 171; habitant of Hungary, 356 invade Servia, 182; conditiol Taxes, military aid invoked to of, 190; a dangerous enemy, collect, 437 197; defeated by Hunyadi, 200; Tcheremisses. 32 victorious, 209; invade Albania, Tegetthoff, Admiral. 438 210; defeated by Hunyadi near Telegdy, Stephen, protests against Belgrade, 214; repulsed near , crusade, 268 ; killed, 271 Szo",ny, 264 ; victorious at Mo Temesvar, royal· seat of Charles hacs, 288; take Buda, 289; Robert of An jou, 157; siege of take Presburg, 293; take D .., 302; taken by Turks, 305; re gel, 301; take Temesvar, 305; storged to Hungary, .335 repulsed before Erlau, 311; Theiss, battle of, 106; regulation take Szigetvar, 317 ; routed near of,4I1 Vienna, 339; defeated at Ma Thirty Years' War, beginning of, hacs, '333; completely routed 347 near Szalankemen, 333; anni Throne, claimants to, 151 hilated by Duke Eugene, 334; Thurzo, Alexius, lends money to defeated near Peterwardein,335: King 'Louis, 2$0 oppose the increase of power of Tilly routs the Czechs near Prague, the house of Hapsburg, 339: 3.t8 seize AIfOld, 340; treaty with Tin6dy. Sebastian, poem on siege the Germans, 351 : attack Leo of Szigetvar, 318 pold, 353: invade, Hungary, Tokolyi, head of the rebels, 358 ; 359; defeated by Prince Eugene, proclaimed by the Porte king 359 of Hungary, 359; exiled in Two kings, the rivalry between, Turkey, 363 295 Tomory, Paul, defeats the Turks U at Nagy-Olasz, 286; comman Uladislaus, elected to the throne der-in-chief at Mohacs, 287 of Hungary, 210: King of Hun Torma, Andrew, heroically de gary and Poland, 203: defeated fends and is killed at Shabatz, by the Turks, 209 ; dies, 210 284 Uladislaus of Poland, elected king Torok, Valentine, deserts Bel of Hungary, 262 : birth of son, grade, 284 Louis, 266; Anna of Candal, Trajan, campaign in Dacia, 20 wife of Uladislaus, dies, 276; Transylvania, gold and salt mines dies, 276 of, 20; still asserts indepen Ujlaky, Duke, molests the royal dence, 306; forms a bulwark domains, 267 against the Turks, 320; under United States enthusiastic recep Bethler-, 348; downfall of, tion of Kossuth, 435 351; devastated by Tr.rtar hordes, 354; refuge for H un .V garians, 357; remains a sepa rate duchy, 361; old constitu Vajdafy, leader of the for Vaskapu (Iron Gate), 5, 201, 4II Wenceslaus, King of the Cz Vata, rebellion of, 60 crowned at Stuhlweissenl Vatha, leads Pagan rebellion 152 • . against Peter, 102; defeat of, WesseJenyi, palatine of Hung 103; James, son of, 106 heads conspiracy against I Vatican, the rela~ions with the pold I., 355 ; dies, 355 Church of Hungary, 186 Windischgratz, Prince, inva. Venice, humiliation of, 169; beaten Hungary, 430; loses his pc by the Hungarians, 188 tion, 431 Verboczy. Stephen, leader of party Wolfgang, tries to. spread Chr hostile to Uladislaus, 264; trio tianity, 55 partite code, 274 Vezprem, engagement at, 60 Z Viddin conquered by the Turks, 182 Zalan, Bulgarian prince, 37 Vienna, :Matthias holds court at, Zemplen, 395 249; peace of, 346; besieged, Zenta, defeat of Turks at, 3' 359; rebellion at, 429 Zernivar. fortress of, 329 Vilagos, battle near, 433 Ziska, John, of Bohemia, Visegrad, Charles of Anjou makes tates Hungary, 210 his residence at, 158; tourna· Zoltan, son of Arpad, 38 ments at, 159; guests at, 162; Zrinyi, Nicholas, commander ~ Matthias' sojourn at, 236; gor. Szigetvar, 3II; begs aid from. geousness of, 254 king, 312, tempted and threat- Vogul., 32 ened by Solyman, 314; makes Volga and Danube, country be- oration to his soldiers, 317; tween, 34 death, 317, 329; annoys the Votyaks, 32 Turks from his fortress of Zero Vtlrtlsmarty, Michael, 422 invar, 329 ; dies, 330 W Zrinyi, Peter, conspires against . Leopold I., seized and behead. Wallachs, rising of, 385; led bv ed, 355 Hora and Kloska, 385; rebel· Zyrians, 32 lion of, 426 'ttbe Grcsbam preD trNWIN 8ROTHER!\ WOKING AND LONDON. .' '. ' .; - , ~ .:-. " • ¥. J " : ~. -,.. ~.. . , . ".: ( ... .. ,.-" ...... I : • ,. ,