Academic Voices A Multidisciplinary Journal Volume 2, N0. 1, 2012

BIO DIVERSITY AND DENSITY OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN POND OF KIRTIPUR Pramod Kumar Kushwaha Department of Zoology, T.U., TRM Campus, Birgunj Email: [email protected]

Abstract The density of the phytoplankton during the study period was recorded 1420112 No. / L with the average value of 100150.3 No. / L fortnightly. All the four groups of phytoplankton were noted with low diversity of only 12 genera. The maximum density was found on 16th June 1992 (summer period) and the minimum on 25th Dec. 1991 (winter period). Among the four major groups, Chrysophyta (Bacillariophyceae) constituted 42.1 % followed by Cyanophyta (Myxophyceae) 32.6% , pyrrophyta (Desmidaceae) 18.5% and Chlorophyta (Chlorophyceae) 6.8% respectively. The free CO2 was positive coefficient value of phytoplankton in relation to temp., PH but dissolved oxygen had negative value of coefficient correlation.

Keywords

Population, Diversity, Density, Phytoplankton, Kirtipur, .

Introduction traditional customs. Kirtipur is a very famous place of Nepal. There are about 8 ponds situated in Kirtipur, It is a small town and historical place of the present man-made village pond named district. It is situated in south- " Kirtipur Pukhu" is one of them. It is an old west of Kathmandu city at a distance of about pond and its all four banks are bounded by 6 km. Kirtipur lies on the hill near "Tribhuvan stones. Kirtipur village pond is not so deep University". The town is famous for temples, and was constructed for the multi-purposes shrines, University and people with their old such as bathing, drinking water for livestocks,

43 44 Academic Voices, Vol. 2, N0. 1, 2012 MethodsMaterials and phytoplanktonic production pond. of contributefurtherknowledge aboutthe parameterschemical are outcarried to diversityphytoplankton of physico- and Inpresent study, the population density and algae green (Chlorophyceae)Desmidaceae. and , (mixophyceae) algae green in blue floating diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), passively watermultiply and rapidly whichincludes saproplanktons ornon-photosynthetic plants or chlorophyllorganismbearing Phytoplanktons are minute microscopic influence aquatic life in various ways. plankton productioninthe ponds which the water apond are of veryimportantfor carbohydrate,protein, fat, vitamins etc. of , DOP light, depth, temperature, turbidity,CO Theconstituents phisico-chemical such as planktonic production point view.of ideal depth may be between 6–7 feet from morefeetthen 30 in ais pond rareto find. An mayhave any dimension,although, a depth of reservoir if created artificially. Similary a pond in natural manner forms a lake while it may be sizeThe anddepth. the accumulation water of lakes which is comparatively much bigger in abundance. It is different from the reservoir or in which aquaticplants usually growin Pondis a shallowsmall and body water of clay. maintained. The bottom theof body is sandy 245.63 sq. meters. This pond has not been well breadthmeters about12.10 with an area of metershaving20-30 aboutthelength and of pond. It is more or less rectangular in shape Newarilanguage "Pukhu"means The name "Kirtipur Pukhu"has come from crops and vegetable field. clothmay washingbe forand irrigation of Pramod Kumar Kushwaha The data was collectedfortnightly. The H , alkalinity, hardness, nitrogen, 2

The physico-chemicalparameters inobserved ResultsDiscussion and some Chinese books. & Needham (1962 ), Phillipose (1967) and Smith (1950 ), Edmondson (1959 ), Needham phytoplankton of was done withthehelp of ) wasfollowed.1976 The quantitative analysis method ( Microtransect ) method APHAof ( sampling and quantitativestudy Lacky's drop analysis Physico-chemical of parameters. For ( 1979 ) and Adoni ( 1984 ) were followed for standardmethods after APHA (1976), Boyd ThePhytoplanktonic density river.Karnali Chisapani, upstream dam of in river Yamuna and Shrestha ( 1982 ) in the was also reported by Chackraborthy (1959 ) Bacillariophyceae dominancy of over groups thetotal density.42.1% of Similartype of thein present study which contributed themajor componentphytoplankton of The Chrysophyta (Bacillariophyceae) formed Pie-diagramshowing phytoplankton density Figure– A phytoplankton is shown in Figure – A. cyanophyta, chrysophytapyrrophyta and total density andcomposition chlorophyta, of phytoplanktons all of wererecorded. The recorded( Table). 2 The bimonthly densities genera chrysophyta,Total of 12 genera were 1 genus cyanophyta,pyrrophyta of of 7 and 2 generaperiod, chlorophyta,2 genera of fluctuation forthrightly is given in Table their 2.During the study and genera in presented is The different 1. Table field the 18.5% 42.1% 32.6% 6.8% wasin peak pyrrophyta chrysophyta chlorophyta cyanophyta Pramod Kumar Kushwaha

Table – 1

MEAN FORTNIGHTLY VARIATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF KIRTIPUR VILLAGE POND

(25 Dec. 1991 toth June16 1992)

PARAMITERS 25-ec 11-Jan 24-Jan 11-Feb 1-Mar 17-Mar 3-Apr 17-Apr 1-May 14-May 28-May 16-Jun Min Max Avg

A.PHYSICAL PARAMETERS

1. Air temperature0C )( 20 18 19 19 18 23 24.5 26 26.1 25.6 27 30.3 18 30.3 23

2. Water temperature10.5 11.8 11.8 13.8 13.5 16 16.3 18 19 18.6 24 27.3 10.5 27.3 16.7

3. Depth (cm) 10 12 12 12 16 15 15 16 17 17 22 23 10 23 16

4. Velocity m/sec. 0.9 1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.3 1.17 1.25 1 0.9 1.9 1.29

5. Colour Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless - - -

B. Chemical parameter

1. PH 6 6.5 6 7 7 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.8 6 7 6.5

2. Dissolve Oxygen (PPM) 11.6 10.8 9.7 10 10.2 9.3 9.3 9.8 8.7 9.2 8.3 7.6 7.6 11.6 9.5

3. Free Carbon dioxide (PPM) 4 - - 3 1.3 1.3 1.5 2.8 2.5 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.3 4 1.8

4. Total Alkalinity (PPM) 48 41.4 50.2 50.3 51.7 45.6 51 43.6 44 40.5 43 44.8 40.5 51.7 46.1

5. Total hardness (PPM) 119 89.6 88 81.3 92 96 89.7 73 76 70.3 61.7 80.3 61.7 119 84.75

6. Calcium ( PPM ) 19.2 23 19.4 21 21.4 20.4 19.2 1.6 16.8 15.2 16.8 14.6 1.2 23 18.55

7. chloride ( PPM ) 13.6 12 12.5 11.6 10.65 11.8 10.4 10.4 10.7 11.1 10.8 12.3 10.4 13.6 11.5 45 Academic Voices, Vol. 2, N0. 1, 2012 46 Academic Voices, Vol. 2, N0. 1, 2012 Table – 2

Mean Fortnightly Distribution of Phytoplankton No./ Liter of Kiripur Village pond

(25th December 1991 toth Jun16 1992) BIO DIVERSITY AND DENSITY OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN POND OF KIRTIPUR

28th 16th

Phylum Gems 25th Dec 11th Jan 24th Jan 11th Feb 1st Mar 17th Mar 3rd Apr 17th Apr 1st May 14h May May June G.Total Average Max Min Percentage

1. Cyanophyta 20286.6 44608 17.1 1. Chroococcus 3264 3808 4352 5440 6528 10336 14144 29920 35904 41888 43248 44608 243440 3264 18063.9 40256 15.5 2. Microcystis 6528 5440 4352 5168 5984 8126 10869 24480 30464 36446 40256 38352 216767 4352

Total 9792 9248 8704 10608 12512 18762 25013 54400 66368 78334 83504 82960

2. Chlorophyta 2619 7616 2.3 1. Korshikoviella 1088 1088 1088 1360 1632 1904 2176 2720 3132 3544 4080 7616 31428 1088 5258l6 8704 4.5 2. Scendesnrus 1088 1632 2176 2720 3264 3808 4352 5440 5984 6528 8704 7616 53312 1088

Total 2176 2720 3264 4080 4896 5712 6528 8160 9116 10072 12784 15232

3. Chrysophyta 10993.3 26112 9.3 1. Navicula 3264 3808 4352 5712 7072 8160 9248 10880 14144 17408 21760 26112 131920 3264 6326.3 13056 5.4 2. Amphora 2176 2720 3264 4080 4896 5168 5440 6528 7964 9400 11228 13056 75920 2176 9498.3 23936 8 3. Frngilaria 7616 6528 5440 6256 7672 6800 6528 8160 10869 13578 10597 23936 113980 5440 3944 11968 3 4. Synedra 1088 1632 2176 2448 2720 2448 2176 3264 4080 4896 11968 8432 47328 1088 8585 30460 7.3 5. Cymbella 2176 2720 3264 4080 4896 5440 5984 7072 10325 13578 22021 30464 112020 2176 5372 15232 4.5 6. Surirella 1088 2176 2176 2720 3264 4080 4896 5440 5984 6528 10880 15232 64464 1088 5519.7 10597 4.6 7. Melosira 2176 2720 2176 3264 3808 4352 5440 5984 7616 8704 10597 9400 66237 2176

Total 19584 22304 22848 28560 34328 36448 39712 47328 60982 74092 99051 126632

4. Pyrrophyta 21941.3 50048 18.5 1. Peridinium 4352 4896 5440 5712 5984 10064 14144 29376 38080 46784 48416 50048 263296 4352 100 Grand Total = 35904 39168 40256 48960 57720 70986 85397 139264 174546 209282 243755 274872 1420112 physicalparameter the pond water. of and different chemical effect of theto duebe Thelow diversitythe phytoplankton of may dominated Bacillariophyceae other groups. the finding in the bimonthy variation but in groupwise maximumand peridiniumof (pyrrophyta) densityKorshikoviella was of (Chlorophyta) from aboveresults thatlowestdiscussion and maximum in June. It could be concluded phytoplanktonic density is found to be Thesummer maxima or pick value of which supportsthe present study. alsonotedthelow diversityphytoplankton of (1955) in Godavari river India.Further,of they was also reported by Chacko and Srinivasan summer month June of Adony, A.D.(1984). References the study. Kathmandu for providing the facilities during Zoology, , Kirtipur, Bahadur Karki Central Department of The author is thankful to Prof, Dr. Suresh Acknowledgement India. MAB Committee, Department Environment,of BIO DIVERSITY AND DENSITY OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN POND OF KIRTIPUR Work oflimnology.book . This type of finding of type This . Indian Chackraborthy, R.D. (1959 ). Chacko, P.T. and Srinivasan, R.(1955 ). Boyd, C.E.(1979). APHA (1976). Smith, G.N. ( 1950). Shrestha, J.S. (1982). Phillipose, M.T. (1967). Needham, J.R. and Needham, P.R. (1962). Edmonson, W.T.(1959). of plankton and Physico-chemical conditions of Fish. special reference to conservation. hydrobiology and fisheries of Adyar estuary with pond Publication, 14 water and waste water. of FisheriesinNepal. Monographs on algae365pp. day Inc.. to freshwater biology. New York :John Wiley and Sons Inc.. the river Yamuna at Allahabad.

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Stru. Standard methods foranalysing th Water quality in warm water fish

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Edition,New York. Human Resource Development Madras. Freshwater. Chloroccales American Public Health San Francisco: Folden ( A quantitative study 11). India. Fish. 3. United states. Cortr II , I.C. A. R. nd A Study of Edition.

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