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South1vimlands Arc'haeology SOUTH1VIMLANDS ARC'HAEOLOGY The Newsletter of the Council for British Archaeology, South Midlands Group (Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Northamptonshire, Oxfordshire) NUIVIBER 33, 2003 CONTENTS Page Editorial Bedfordshire 1 Buckinghamshire 21 Northamptonshire 37 Oxfordshire 57 Index 113 Notes for Contributors 125 It should be noted that the reports in this volume refer, in the main, to work carried out in 2002. EDITOR: Barry Home CHAIRMAN: Ted Legg 'Beaumont' 17 Napier Street Church End Bletchley Edlesborough Milton Keynes Dunstable, Beds MK2 2NF LU6 2EP HON SEC: Vacant TREASURER: Gerry Mico 6 Rowan Close Brackley NN13 6PB Typeset by Barry Home ISSN 0960-7552 EDITORIAL Welcome to volume 33. The cumulative index to volumes 1-33, is available on the website at WWW.britarch.ac.uk/smaindex If anyone wishes to have a copy for their own PC would they please send me a 3.5" disk and a stamped addressed envelope and I will provide them with a copy. A number of new organisations have provided reports and this is very encouraging. However, some organisations continue to provide no report of their work in the area, in particular I know of one which has done work in it on a gas pipeline and a churchyard near where I live. I'm sure there are others. County archaeologists and peers must apply pressure to these defaulters. Through this editorial could I please request that when contract archaeologists do work in an area they make their presence known to the local archaeological society, because it is that society to which the public will address questions about what is going on; it does help archaeology's image if we all seem to be working together. In conclusion I would like to thank all those who sent in reports and ask that they, and anyone else, send in articles for SMA 34. Please send a note, however short, of any work carried out in the four counties. Copy date for SMA 32 is 31st March 2004; please refer to Notes for Contributors. Barry Horne AIFA Editor - 11 Bedfordshire BEDFORDSHIRE green-oak structures and timber sculptures; - re-routing of certain paths, to draw people into the site and ALBION ARCHAEOLOGY link the Embankment with the Castle Lane area. Bedford, Castle Mound and Lime Kiln The implementation of the scheme has been written into a (TL 0527 4968) five-year management plan for the monument. Jeremy Oetgen Bedford's Castle Mound (a scheduled ancient monument, Bedford, Kempston, Grey's House (TL 0272 4761) no. 20412) is perhaps the oldest visible element of the Gary Edmondson and Tracy Preece town's historic fabric. However, it is little known and poorly understood by the general public, being shrouded in trees An archaeological evaluation comprising trial excavation and obscured by intrusive modem structures. The mound was undertaken on a small area of open ground adjacent to overlooks Bedford's prestigious riverside Embankment, but Grey's House. The immediate area contains evidence of the top of the mound is currently unsafe and closed to the human activity extending from the Mesolithic to the public. Bedford's museum and art gallery are both located Post-Medieval period. Nearby is the site of Kempston within the curtilage of the monument, yet there is no on-site Manor, which has revealed evidence of Saxo-Norman intexpretation of the mound. structures and boundaries. Previous investigations in the area have also exposed substantial dumps of modern Bedford Borough Council is committed to improving the material, which were used to raise the level of the ground. condition of the Castle Mound as part of the planned regeneration and revitalisation of the Castle Lane area and A single trench was opened revealing between 0.4 and of the town centre as a whole. The Council recognised that 0.55m of compact dumps of modern building debris a monument management strategy was required in order to immediately below a shallow topsoil and turf horizon. ensure that the character and significance of the mound and Directly below these dumps were undisturbed natural strata. its immediate environs were preserved into the future. This would indicate that as part of a construction Therefore, in 2002, Albion Archaeology was commissioned programme, probably associated with the building of the to prepare a scheme for the improvement and management school, the ground level was reduced to the undisturbed of the Castle Mound, along with the nearby site of a natural strata. Medieval lime kiln (also a scheduled ancient monument, no. 24259), which was originally within the castle's outer bailey. Bedford, Ray's Close (TL 0525 4926) Matt Edgeworth The improvement scheme was underpinned by a full condition survey, an earthwork survey, and geophysical An archaeological evaluation was conducted in advance of prospection on top of the mound. These studies were proposed development within the residential area for elderly undertaken in collaboration with Cambridgeshire people off Ray's Close, Bedford. The study area is located Archaeological Field Unit, Mouchel TSC, Archaeological close to the Medieval hospital of St John, and within the late Services WYAS, and other specialists who advised on Saxon burh of southern Bedford as defined by the King's masonry conservation and wildlife issues. A design scheme Ditch. was produced by Albion Archaeology and JGP Associates. The proposals were formally approved by the Council's Two trenches, about 20m in length, were sited within the Executive Committee on 30th September 2002 and an footprints of the intended building plots. Although only 25m application for Scheduled Monument Consent is now being apart, the trenches produced very different evidence in terms submitted. It is hoped that the improvement works will begin of character and quality. Excavation of Trench 1 revealed a during 2003. series of ditches and other features, mostly of Saxo-Norman and early Medieval date, cut into natural gravels. The depth In summary, the planned works comprise: at which the tops of archaeological features were encountered (0.2m-0.6m below modem ground surface) - removal of the present enclosed, formal gardens south of was surprisingly shallow. In Trench 2, on the other hand, a the mound, which will create a unified space suitable for considerable build-up of Post-Medieval layers (1m-1.5m) out-door events and open up views of the mound to and from had to be removed before archaeological levels were the Embankment; reached. The principal features were a metalled surface laid - selective felling and active management of trees on the down directly on top of natural clays, a silt-filled hollow and mound to retain its wooded character whilst ensuring the the edge of a large water-feature which may be a fishpond - visibility and preservation of the earthwork; all thought to be of late Medieval date. - restoration of stone facings to the mound and repair of access paths and steps; The northern area evaluated by Trench 1 is thought to be of - creation of new features of interest, including decorative particular significance with regard to the study of the paving (inspired by Bedford's Medieval street plan), development of early Medieval Bedford. It was 1 Bedfordshire subsequently investigated further in a full excavation by tower. The test pits revealed that the ground in this part of Archaeological Services & Consultancy Ltd. the churchyard had been significantly disturbed during the late Medieval or Post-Medieval periods. To a depth of Bedford, St Mary's Church (FL 051 495) around 0.9m below the present ground surface, there was an Cecily Marshall, Anna Slowikowski and Matt Edgeworth extensive spread of mixed deposits, comprising soil, demolition rubble and domestic debris, including pottery, A small book on the history of St Mary's Church, Bedford, bone and glass. The majority of this material was was researched, written and produced by members of Albion Post-Medieval in date. However, two sherds of late Archaeology. Albion, formerly the Bedfordshire County Medieval reduced ware, dating from the 15th-16th century, Archaeology Service, has been based in the church since were also present. 1990. As the book shows, this may be the oldest headquarters of any archaeological unit - certainly older No trace of the underlying river gravel terrace was than many of the sites and structures that the excavation encountered in any of the three pits. It can only be assumed team get called out to investigate. The tower and the south that this part of the present graveyard was subject to some transept date back to the 10th - 11th centuries, possibly to form of quarrying. No structures or burials were located. the visit of King Edward the Elder in AD 915. Entitled 'A Pattern of Stones', the book studies the clues to the origin and development of the church that can be discerned in the structure of the building itself. It also looks at the church in Henlow, Arlesey Meadows (FL 1892 3813) the context of the surrounding area of Bedford known as St Jeremy Oetgen and Julian Watters Mary's. Written in an easy-to-read style and extensively illustrated, this book is for anyone who is curious about the An archaeological field evaluation was undertaken at history of Bedford and its churches. Arlesey Meadows in advance of a planning application for mineral extraction associated with the construction of the Available from Albion Archaeology, St Mary's Church, St new A507 Arlesey Bridge. Mary's Street, Bedford, MK42 OAS. Cost i250 (incl. p&p). Please make cheques out to 'Bedfordshire County The site lies in the parish of Henlow, approximately 400m Council' north-west of St. Peter's Church, Arlesey, and is situated on low-lying land next to the River Hiz (a tributary of the River Biggleswade, Dunton Lane (FL 2060 4371) Ivel).
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