Delegation from Represented by The People’s Republic of Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and University of Magdeburg

Position Paper for the Commission The issues before the Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) are: Responding to the Situation in the , Increasing Women´s Participation in Peacebuilding, Strategies for Rebuilding Critical Institutions in Post- Conflict Societies. The People’s Republic of China (PRC), as home to the world’s largest population, mediating in Asia and beyond, strives to contribute to global economic development and stability through the enhancement of regional and international cooperation.

I. Responding to the Situation in the Central African Republic The situation in the Central African Republic (CAR) has reached a new level of destabilization. Reestablishing security is a crucial precondition for developing a national reintegration strategy to ensure peace and development. PRC commits to the principle of sovereignty and supports the CAR in restoring security and order. Nearly 2000 Chinese peacekeepers participate in nine UN- operations, including six in Africa. The PRC encourages regional organizations, as the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) in securing peace and security. Referring to S/RES/2033 (2012), it welcomes the enhancement of a strategic security partnership between UN and AU. PRC supports S/RES/2134 (2014) and reaffirms S/RES/2127 (2013), relating to Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) and to nationally owned Security Sector Reform (SSR) programs. It promotes the dedication to the International Support Mission to the CAR (MISCA), led by AU. Referring to the PBC meeting in the CAR Country-Specific Configuration (CSC), its first priority is restoring peace and security. S/2013/261 (2013), as well as the PBC´s Working Group on Lessons Learned confirm the necessity to combine SSR with DDR measures. As mentioned in Learning from a Regional DDR Approach in the Great Lakes Region of Africa, the Chair´s summary of the working group, sub-regional DDR- approaches have to be developed and regional funding mechanisms for DDR-measures are recommended. The Peacebuilding Fund (PBF) is the central financial institution for Peacebuilding activities. Its CAR CSC is equipped with profound experience. According to S/RES/1645 (2005) and A/RES/60/180 (2005) one central task of the PBC is gathering relevant actors to marshal resources for UN-Peacekeeping operations in a supportive way. The PRC recommends the PBC to promote a seven-day Conference for restoring security and order in the CAR (CRSO). CAR transitional authorities and MISCA are asked to serve as hosts for CRSO and are recommended to invite representative from MISCA, AU, and ECCAS. CRSO, which will take place in Bangui in the end of 2014, will include the topics of restoring security and order, as well as finding regional funding mechanisms in its agenda. In terms of financial and logistic support, PBF is approached. In a next step, the outcomes of CRSO need to be summarized. The hosts of CRSO are encouraged to provide a report to PBC, which will then publish the outcomes in March 2015. Additionally, PRC highly appreciates the efforts of the AU and ECCAS towards the development of regional approaches to link SSR and DDR. Having in mind the summary of the PBC Working Group on Lessons Learned, PRC encourages the implementation of a combined approach of SSR and DDR in Africa´s Great Lakes Region. Consequently, PRC emphasizes the need to further focus on this topic and further discussion within the working group. The working group shall provide a summary of the outcome by the end of January 2015.

II. Increasing Women´s Participation in Peacebuilding Women are underrepresented in rebuilding conditions for long-term peace and stability in various post-conflict societies. The PRC promotes the enhanced participation of women in Peacebuilding. The Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action (BPfA) was adopted at the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing and reviewed in 2000 and 2005. Strategic objectives concern peaceful conflict resolution and reconciliation through women´s education, training and community action programmes. As PRC supports women´s direct deployment in peacekeeping forces, it sent female personnel to the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO). One major national achievement is the first female military officer, who started working on the 28th of October 2013. The PRC affirms S/RES/1645 (2005), defining its commitment to the involvement of women in all stages of Peacebuilding operations. S/RES/1325 (2000) recommends UN-Member States to raise women’s representation in UN-institutions, linked to prevention, management and remedy of conflicts. S/RES/188 (2009) encourages the adoption of a 7-Point Action Plan on Women’s Participation in Peacebuilding, which has been set into effect in A/65/354 - S/2010/466 (2010). Concerning women’s involvement in the rule of law and transitional justice S/RES/2122 (2013) is of importance. In the 2013 concept note of PBC´s Working Group on Lessons Learned measures to enhance women´s participation are national Truth and Reconciliation Committees. Delegation from Represented by The People’s Republic of China Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and University of Magdeburg

The PRC proposes the PBC to kindly ask the Secretary-General (SG) to proclaim an International Day of Women in Peacebuilding to enhance awareness on the topic. Recalling the anniversary of the first female military officer, PRC suggests the 28th October 2014 to be set as the respective date. PRC further suggests the International Day of Women in Peacebuilding to be accompanied by an international symposium, under the auspices of the Secretariat, focussing on the current status of women´s participation in UN-Peacebuilding. Women´s experts from Peacebuilding missions will be invited by the PBC-chair. This symposium shall take place in New York, chaired by the UN-Secretariat and organized by the Peacebuilding Office (PBO). PRC also requests the Working Group on Lessons Learned to elaborate Women´s Capacity-Building Training strategies in SSR and ways of their implementation, focussing on drafting an organisational framework. Different regional conditions and possible cooperation options shall be considered. The first meeting will take place on 15th November 2014, continuing on a quarterly basis, providing reports and guidelines. In addition, PRC proposes a Women in Peacebuilding Initiative (WiPI), starting in January 2015, to advocate women´s participation in the early beginning of Peacebuilding. The social, political and economic country-specific conditions shall be considered. WiPI may be subordinated under the PBC and funded by the PBF. Participants of WiPI shall be female field experts from UN-Peacekeeping operations, experienced in community training centres, awareness campaigns and economic recovery. The PBC will elect and regularly invite WiPI, while forming Peacebuilding operations, especially in initial consultations with potential host government and in the technical assessment period. WiPI could provide information about gender orientated Best Practice examples, feasibility studies and implementation advisory to guarantee women´s involvement in Peacebuilding operations.

III. Strategies for Rebuilding Critical Institutions in Post-Conflict Societies Giving assistance to rebuild national security, state authorities and public administration are important to prevent the recurrence of conflicts. The PRC respects the sovereignty of post-conflict societies for the whole reconstruction process. It assumes that there is no general model of rebuilding critical institutions. The PRC is an active UN-Peacekeeping contributor, providing nearly 2000 military, observance and police personnel. The PRC supports the PBC in mobilizing resources, coordinating efforts of the international community and developing strategies for post-conflict societies. The Report of the Panel on Peace Operations A/55/305 (2000) refers to the distinction and definition of UN-Peacekeeping phases. The PBC Working Group on Lessons Learned identified SSR as one priority in countries on the PBC agenda. In A/67/970–S/2013/480 (2013) the national ownership and the sustainable character of SSR is confirmed. The PRC supports S/1998/318 (1998) and A/52/871(1998), focusing on the reasons of conflict and the support of lasting peace and sustainable development in Africa as well as S/RES/2033(2012), relating to the importance of cooperation between the UN and the AU. The Office of the Rule of Law and Security Institutions (OROLSI), subordinated under the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), was established to ensure a comprehensive approach to SSR and DDR in Peacekeeping. The International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) is one important Centre of Excellence for research and training for Peacekeeping in Africa. As there is neither a clear distinction, nor a coordination between UN-Peacekeeping in conflict and post-conflict societies, the PRC suggests defining and managing this interface. The PRC requests the PBC Working Group on Lessons Learned to examine the potential of SSR as comprehensive strategy of managing the transition process from Peacekeeping to Peacebuilding. The working group shall analyze the potential of an interface-management to coordinate and early implement crucial elements, needed in Peacebuilding operations. It is proposed to set a meeting of this working group in reference to gained experiences on 15th October 2014. Its results shall be documented and sent to the PBC until January 2015. The PRC further suggests strengthening the cooperation between the PBC and the AU in terms of developing comprehensive training strategies for Africa. The PBC mainly focuses on Africa when it comes to Peacebuilding forces. Therefore, PRC recommends a one-week Conference on Capacity-Building Training in Africa (CBTA) in Addis Ababa in July 2015, hosted by the PBC in cooperation with the AU. At CBTA, experts from the PBC and OROLSI, as well as AU´s security experts shall be invited. Developing training sceneries and sharing experiences will be put on the agenda. The CBTA shall be funded by the PBF, while PRC kindly asks the AU to contribute as well. A report on outcomes should be published and provided to the PBC until 15th September 2015. Moreover, PRC proposes the PBC to cooperate with the KAIPTC on developing, monitoring and evaluating capacity training programs, focusing on SSR measures. PBC experts on SSR-measures, chosen by the PBC itself and cooperating with the AU shall meet with the Office of the Commandant of KAIPTC in July 2014 in Accra, clarify future meetings and possible regional and sub-regional funding mechanisms.