Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study

Life expectancy globally and in Sri Lanka, 1990–2013

Male life expectancy increased by 4.7 years from 1990 to 2013 in Sri Lanka, while female life expectancy increased by 4.8 years. men women global 90

85

2013 80.2 years 80 1990 75.4 years 2013 75 72.1 years Life expectancy at birth 1990 67.4 years 70

65 Global 1990 2013 men 63.0 68.8 women 67.7 74.3 60

1990 2000 2010 2013

The Global Burden of Disease: 2013 study results

This profile provides findings from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) most scientifically rigorous estimates possible. Estimates from the study 2013. The GBD study empowers decision-makers to compare the Global Burden of Disease study may differ from national statistics due impacts of different health threats that kill people prematurely and to differences in data sources and methodology. cause poor health to see how much progress they have made in tackling GBD brings together a strong community of health special­ists these threats. GBD 2013 tracks years lost from more than 300 diseases, who are passionate about improving health through science. Through injuries, and risk factors. GBD can be used at the global, national, and their knowledge about local and regional health, more than 1,000 local levels to understand health trends over time and to measure GBD experts, who hail from government agencies, universities, and whether people are getting healthier. Decision-makers can also use research institutions in 120 countries, are answering some of the GBD to benchmark their country’s health progress relative to its peers world’s most important questions about health. As the coordinators and identify health disparities within its borders. of the GBD study, we invite you to join this groundbreaking effort by GBD estimates are based on more than 50,000 different data becoming a GBD expert. sources such as death certificates, household surveys, and examina- For more information, visit www.healthdata.org/gbd. Please send tion surveys. GBD researchers use statistical modeling to produce the feedback and questions to [email protected].

healthdata.org Leading causes of disability-adjusted life years in 2013 and percent change, 1990–2013

Communicable, maternal, newborn, Non-communicable diseases Injuries and nutritional disorders % change 1990-2013 -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1 Ischemic heart disease

Self-harm 2

3 Diabetes 190%

Between 4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 1990 and 2013, self-harm was the 5 Low back & neck pain second-leading cause of disease burden in Sri Lanka, but its burden 6 Stroke declined by 26%. 7 Sense organ diseases

8 Road injuries 226%

Asthma 9

10 Depressive disorders

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) are the sum of years of healthy Pointed arrows indicate causes that have increased or decreased life lost to premature death and years lived with disability. by a greater amount than shown on the x-axis.

Leading causes of years of life lost to premature death, 1990 and 2013, and percent change, 1990–2013 Communicable, maternal, newborn, Non-communicable diseases Injuries and nutritional disorders 1990 Ranking 2013 Ranking % change 1990-2013

Self-harm 1 1 Ischemic heart disease 60% Ischemic heart disease 2 2 Self-harm -24% Preterm birth complications 3 3 Stroke 38% Diarrheal diseases 4 4 Diabetes 226% Interpersonal violence 5 5 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 46% War & legal intervention 6 6 Road injuries 191% Stroke 7 7 Lower respiratory infections 14% Other neonatal disorders 8 8 Congenital anomalies 1% Neonatal encephalopathy 9 9 Asthma -13% Intestinal infections 10 10 Interpersonal violence -53%

Asthma 11 15 Preterm birth complications -81% Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 12 19 Intestinal infections -70% Congenital anomalies 13 22 Neonatal encephalopathy -76% Lower respiratory infections 14 24 Other neonatal disorders -81% Diabetes 21 34 Diarrheal diseases -90% Road injuries 22 * War & legal intervention -100% *No burden in 2013 Between 1990 and 2013, Sri Lanka succeeded Years of life lost (YLLs) are years of life lost in reducing premature death from preterm birth due to premature mortality. complications by more than 80%.

The State of Health in the Commonwealth: Sri Lanka profile Burden of disease attributable to leading risk factors, 2013 expressed as a percentage of Sri Lanka DALYs

Behavioral Metabolic Environmental

Dietary risks

High blood pressure

High fasting plasma glucose

Air pollution

High body mass index

Alcohol & drug use

Tobacco

High total cholesterol

Occupational risks

Malnutrition

0% 5% 10%

Risk factors are potentially modifiable HIV/AIDS & tuberculosis Cancers Diabetes/urog/blood/endo causes of disease and injury. Diarrhea/LRI/other Cardiovascular diseases Musculoskeletal disorders NTDs & malaria Chronic respiratory diseases Other non-communicable Maternal disorders Cirrhosis Transport injuries Neonatal disorders Digestive diseases Unintentional injuries Nutritional deficiencies Neurological disorders Self-harm & violence Other communicable, maternal, Mental & substance use War & disaster newborn, and nutritional disorders

Leading causes of years lived with disability, 1990 and 2013, and percent change, 1990–2013 Communicable, maternal, newborn, Non-communicable diseases Injuries and nutritional disorders 1990 Ranking 2013 Ranking % change 1990-2013

Low back & neck pain 1 1 Low back & neck pain 46% Sense organ diseases 2 2 Sense organ diseases 35% Iron-deficiency anemia 3 3 Depressive disorders 44% Skin diseases 4 4 Skin diseases 25% Depressive disorders 5 5 Iron-deficiency anemia -23% Migraine 6 6 Diabetes 143% Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 7 7 Migraine 37% Anxiety disorders 8 8 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 66% Diabetes 9 9 Anxiety disorders 33% Asthma 10 10 Asthma 35%

Low back and neck pain continue to be major contributors Years lived with disability (YLDs) are years lived in less than ideal to Sri Lanka’s burden of disabling conditions and were health. This includes conditions that may last for only a few days, as responsible for over twice as many YLDs in 2013 as diabetes. well as conditions that can last a lifetime.

The State of Health in the Commonwealth: Sri Lanka profile Rates of premature death* in Sri Lanka versus comparison countries, 2013 Commonwealth country

Rank 1 Rank 2 Rank 3 Rank 4 Rank 5 Rank 6 Rank 7 Rank 8 Rank 9 Rank 10

Ischemic Lower Inter- Road Congenital heart Self-harm Stroke Diabetes COPD respiratory Asthma personal injuries anomalies disease infections violence

Sri Lanka 2,932 1,493 1,086 950 763 606 467 441 425 389

Comparison group average 2,708 481 2,321 639 811 910 1,544 638 432 213

Cambodia 4,051 618 3,202 736 881 1,173 2,463 1,022 677 263

China 1,658 284 2,321 179 943 921 423 496 31 71

India 4,116 966 1,792 618 1,835 929 1,695 627 598 241

Indonesia 2,657 117 3,565 1,053 634 922 1,443 490 723 49

Laos 3,972 639 3,275 937 910 1,342 3,455 1,016 888 53

Malaysia 3,177 245 1,538 452 552 1,060 1,335 344 173 167

Maldives 1,944 200 1,150 256 666 292 333 552 46 95

Myanmar 1,850 223 3,155 804 1,116 716 2,338 734 730 154

Philippines 3,557 188 2,635 945 659 481 2,233 708 470 498

Thailand 1,455 617 1,348 591 551 1,481 1,034 482 220 507

Timor-Leste 3,197 459 2,291 506 689 761 1,962 823 518 207

Vietnam 645 204 2,814 282 341 1,142 888 562 120 79

This table shows the top 10 causes of premature death in Sri Lanka. It can be used to compare rates* across countries relative to the group average. Comparison groups were chosen based on Global Burden of Disease regional classifications.

*Rates are in years of life lost per 100,000 and are age standardized

healthdata.org