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Roosevelt Wild Life Annals the Roosevelt Wild Life Station SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Digital Commons @ ESF Roosevelt Wild Life Annals The Roosevelt Wild Life Station 1929 Roosevelt Wild Life Annals Charles E. Johnson SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/rwlsannals Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, Biodiversity Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Natural Resources and Conservation Commons Recommended Citation Johnson, Charles E., "Roosevelt Wild Life Annals" (1929). Roosevelt Wild Life Annals. 3. https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/rwlsannals/3 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the The Roosevelt Wild Life Station at Digital Commons @ ESF. It has been accepted for inclusion in Roosevelt Wild Life Annals by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ ESF. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/rooseveltwildlif02unse_3 Vol. II March, 1929 No. lb. BULLETIN OF The New York State College of Forestry At Syracuse University FRANKLIN MOON. Dean Roosevelt Wild Life Annals VOLUME 2 NUMBER I OF THE Roosevelt Wild Life Forest Experiment Station Entered as second-class matter October 18, 1927, at the Post Office at Syracuse, N. Y., under the Act of August 24, 1912 [31 ANNOUNCEMENT Tlie serial publications of the Roosevelt Wild Life Forest Experiment Station consist of the following: 1. Roosevelt Wild Life Bulletin. 2. Roosevelt Wild Life Annals. The Bulletin is intended to include papers of general and popular interest on the various phases of forest wild life, and the Annals those of a more technical nature or having a less widespread interest. These publications are edited in cooperation with the College Committee on Publications. The editions of these publications are limited and do not permit of general free distribution. Exchanges are invited. The subscription price of the Bulletm is $4.00 per volume of four numbers, or $1.00 per single number. The price of the Annals is $5.00 per volume of 4 numbers, or $1.25 per single number. All communications concerning publications should be addressed to The Director and Editor, Roosevelt Wild Life Forest Experiment Station, Syracuse, New York. Copyright, 1929, by Roosevelt Wild Life Forest Experiment Station (4) TRUSTEES OF THE NEW YORK STATE COLLEGE OF FORESTRY Ex Officio Dr. Charles \V. Flint. Chancellor Syracuse University Dr. Frank P. Graves, Commissioner of Education Albany, N. Y. Hon. Alexander Macdoxald, Conservation Commissioner Albany, N. Y. Hon. Herbert H. Lehman, Lieutenant-Governor Albany, N.Y. Appointed by the Governor Hon. John R. Clancy Syracuse, N. Y. Hon. Harold D. Cornwall Glenfield, N. Y. Hon. George W. Driscoll Syracuse, N. Y. Hon. William H. Kelley Syracuse, N. Y. Hon. Louis Marshall New York City Hon. Edward H. O'Hara Syracuse, N. Y. Hon. Charles A. Upson Lockport, N. Y. Hon. J. Henry Walters New York City Hon. Edmund H. Lewis Syracuse, N. Y. Officers of the Board Hon. Louis Marshall President Hon. John R. Clancy Vice-President HONORARY ADVISORY COUNCIL OF THE ROOSEVELT WILD LIFE STATION American Members Mrs. Corinne Roosevelt Robinson New York City Hon. Theodore Roosevelt New York City Mr. Kermit Roosevelt New York City Dr. George Bird Grinnell New York City Hon. Gifford Pinchot Milford, Pa. Mr. Chauncey J. Hamlin Buffalo, N. Y. Dr. George Shiras, 3rd Washington, D. C. Dr. Frank M. Chapman New York City Dean Henry S. Graves New Haven, Conn. European Member Viscount Grey '. Fallodon, England ROOSEVELT WILD LIFE STATION STAFF Franklin Moon, M.F ])ean of the College Charles E. Johnson, A.AI., Ph.D Director of the Station WiLFORD A. Dence, B.S Ichthyologist Miriam S. Mockforu Secretary Temporary Appointments * Perley M. Silloway, M.S Field Ornithologist Aretas a. Saunders, Ph.B Field Ornithologist Alfred O. Gross, Ph.D Field Ornithologist Robert T. Hatt, A.M Field Naturalist M. W. Smith, A.B Field Naturalist Myron T. Townsend, A.B., Ph.D Field Naturalist Charles J. Spiker, A.B Field Naturalist Dayton Stoner, Ph.D Field Ornithologist Justus F. Muller, Ph.D Field Naturalist Collaborators * William Converse Kendall, A.M., M.D Ichthyologist Richard A. Muttkowski, A.M., M.D Field Naturalist Milton P. Skinner, B.S Field Naturalist Gilbert M. S.mith, Ph.D Field Naturalist * Including only those who have made field investigations and whose reports are now in preparation. re] GENERAL CONTENTS PAGE I. The Red Squirrel : Its Life History and Habits, with Special Reference to the Adirondacks of Xcw York and the Harvard Forest Robert T. Hatt II ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES (All hgures arc from photusraphs and drawings by the author except where otherwise stated) Fig. I. Red squirrel at a feeding station. Photograph by A. A. Allen Facing i r Fig. 2. Direction of hair growth in the red squirrel (S. h. gymnicus). A, dorsal surface; B, lateral surface; C, ventral surface; viUrissae omitted 22 Fig. 3. The distribution of vibrissae on the red siiuirrel {S. h. gymnicus). A, lateral surface of head; B, ventral surface of body; C, lateral surface of forearm. Key: A, abdominal; C, carpal; IR, interramal; M, malar; MYS, mystacial; R, radial; SC, superciliary; SM, submental; T, thoracic 24 Fig. 4. Inguinal region of an adult male red squirrel {S. h. gymnicus), showing glandular perianal enlargement. Insert: The anal glands viewed from the deep surface of the skin. Key: A, anus; G, ridge due to bulge of anal gland; P, prepuce; S, scrotum; T, tuft of hairs at glandular pore 28 Fig. 5. Feces of a red squirrel (S. h. gymnicus) 34 Fig. 6. Swimming red squirrel. Drawn from photographs and field notes 34 Fig. 7. Red squirrel (S. h. richardsoni) arrested in its descent of a tree. Yellowstone Park. Photograph by J. M. Johnson 37 Fig. 8. Red squirrel on bow of boat. Lake Champlain, N. Y., September 8, 1926 37 Fig. 9. Red squirrel shaking water from its fur immediately after landing. Valcour Island, N. Y., September 2, 1926 38 Fig. 10. Red squirrel drying in sun. Valcour Island. September 2, 1926 38 Fig. II. Adirondack forests, typical of the red squirrel's range in this section. View north from Blue Mountain. July 20, 1926 41 Fig. 12. Red spruce and young hardwood stand. Hamilton Mountain, in the Adirondacks. Red squirrels are common in this habitat. June 19, 1926 41 Fig. 13. Hardwood forest of red oak, maple, hop hornbeam and canoe birch. Squirrels forage in this stand, but are not resident. Valcour Island. .September 8, 1926. 45 Fig. 14. Hardwood forest (age 35 years) of beech, cherry birch, maple and cherry. Squirrels present though rare. Piseco, N. Y. June 30, 1926 45 Fig. 15. Virgin forest of spruce, hemlock, cherry birch, striped maple, sugar maple and beech. Undergrowth of witch hobble. Squirrels uncommon. Owl's. Head, Long Lake. July 17, 1926 46 Fig. 16. Forest of mature hardwoods of maple, birch, beech and hemlock. Squirrels occasional. Long Lake. July 26, 1926 46 Fig. 17. Mature spruce forest. Squirrels abundant. Xick's Lake, Old Forge, N. Y. July 9. 1926 48 Fig. 18. Tamarack— arbor vitae swamp. Squirrels foraged here only. Long Lake. July 25, 1926 48 Fig. 19. Pure stand of red spruce. Supporting the most dense squirrel population en- countered. Long Lake, July 25, 1926 51 Fig. 20. Arbor vitae forest mixed with balsam. Squirrels abundant. Valcour Island, Lake Champlain. September 8, 1926 51 Fig. 21. Balsam stand at Long Lake, in which squirrels were abundant. July 12, 1926.. 52 Fig. 22. Second growth stand of white spruce, arbor vitae, balsam, white pine and canoe birch. Red squirrels present where growth is thickest. Valcour Island, Lake Champlain. August 27, 1926 5? Fig. 23. The chatter of anger 58 Fig. 24. Red squirrel nest in a " witches' broom," ten feet above ground in balsam. Long Lake, July 12, 1926 61 Fig. 25. Nest site of a red squirrel, in the crown of a 55 foot white pine. Petersham, Mass. August 10, 1925 61 Fig. 26. Plan of double chambered outside nest of a red squirrel. Drawn in horizontal and vertical planes 62 Fig. 27. Small, dead arbor vitae, denuded of bark by red squirrels. The bark is used in nest construction. Valcour Island, Lake Champlain. September 8, 1926 65 Fig. 28. A section of the trunk of the tree shown in figure 27, bearing tooth marks of a red squirrel. Valcour Island, Lake Champlain. September 8, 1926 65 171 PAGE Fig. 29. Red squirrel nest in old flicker nest cavity. A section of the wall of the cavity has been removed to show the complete height of the nest material added by the squirrel. Valcour Island, Lake Champlain. September 12, 1926 66 Fig. 30. Pile of poplar logs within which was a red squirrel's nest. Valcour Island, Lake Champlain. September 8, 1926 66 Fig. 31. Ground plan of the underground galleries of a red squirrel. Valcour Island, Lake Champlain. September 4, 1926. Key: A, B, small pockets containing balsam cones; C, D, E, chambers containing many balsam cones; F, sphere of stored sphagnum; G, large empty cavity beneath stump; H, nest cavity under living tree 71 Fig. 32. Hummock in a red spruce stand, honey-combed by red squirrels and used ex- tensively as a feeding site. T-Lake, Piseco, N. Y. July 3, 1926 72 Fig. 33. Entrance to a red squirrel burrow in the feeding midden at the foot of a spruce. Long Lake, July 25, 1926 72 Fig. 34. Comparison of the crown of a white spruce damaged by budding by red squirrel (left) with an uninjured white spruce crown. Valcour Island, Lake Champlain. August 26, 1926 89 Fig.
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