J. Jpn. Bot. 92(2): 87–93 (2017)

Taxonomic Studies in the of Myanmar III: A New Species, hederifolia, from Myanmar

a, b c c Kazumi Fujikawa *, Hiroshi Ikeda , Ling Shein Mang and Law Shine

aThe Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden, 4200-6, Godaisan, Kochi, 781-8125 JAPAN; bThe University Museum, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 JAPAN; cNatma Taung National Park, the Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division, Forest Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, MYANMAR *Corresponding author: [email protected]

(Accepted on January 31, 2017)

A new species, Ainsliaea hederifolia Fujikawa & H. Ikeda (Asteraceae) from Natma Taung National Park, Chin State, west-central Myanmar is described and illustrated. Ainsliaea hederifolia is similar to a Sino-Japanese species, A. apiculata Sch. Bip., in sharing palmately lobed leaves clustered at the base or above the base, falsely verticillate, but differs in having 7–8-seriate, coriaceous involucral phyllaries with mucronate apex.

Key words: Ainsliaea, Asteraceae, Mt. Victoria, Myanmar, Natma Taung National Park, new species.

Ainsliaea DC. (Asteraceae), a of 2016). During the field expeditions, a species of temperate Asia, consists of 49 species and Ainsliaea was found at the edge of forest along 19 varieties (Freire 2007). The genus is the way to the summit of Natma Taung. This characterized by its unbranched stems with was similar to Ainsliaea apiculata Sch. Bip. in leaves basally rosulate or congested at the having palmately lobed leaves clustered at the median part of the stem, capitula few-flowered, base or above the base, falsely verticillate, but florets deeply 5-lobed with unilateral lobes, and differs by its 7–8-seriate involucres with sparse plumose pappus (Bremer 1994, Freire 2007). to dense crisp trichomes and glandular trichomes In 2000, mutual cooperation was initiated on the surface and coriaceous phyllaries with between Forest Department, Ministry of Natural mucronate apex (Table 1). Therefore, we Resources and Environmental Conservation, conclude that this is a new species, and give Myanmar and the Kochi Prefectural Makino a full description and illustrations for the new Botanical Garden, Japan for exploration species. to access the understanding of biodiversity in The morphological comparison was several national parks in Myanmar (Tanaka performed by investigation of specimens in the et al. 2006, Tanaka 2010, Fujikawa 2016). In herbaria, BM, E, K, KYO, RAF and TI, as well Natma Taung National Park, Chin State, west- as the specimen images on the website of JSTOR central Myanmar, several expeditions had been Global and TaiBIF. The terminology carried out throughout the years (Fujikawa of morphological characters basically follows et al. 2008, 2012, 2014), and approximately Freire (2007). Voucher specimens are deposited 15,700 specimens were collected (Fujikawa in the Herbarium of the Kochi Prefectural

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Table 1. Comparison between Ainsliaea hederifolia and A. apiculata in several traits A. apiculata1) Character A. hederifolia var. apiculata var. acerifolia Plant height (cm) 20–90 8–30 8–30 Leaves in the flowering time persistent or almost deciduous persistent persistent2) Leaves Shape palmately 5-lobed subrotundate or ovate, palmately 5-lobed pentagonal or shallowly 5-lobed Apex of lobes acute to acuminate obtuse acute Terminal lobe elongate often elongate elongate Base cordate slightly cordate deeply cordate Length (cm) 3.8–4.1 1–3.5 (1–)2.5–3.5 Width (cm) 3.2–4.9 1–3 (1.1–)2–3 Pubescence of the upper surface sparsely to densely strigose sparsely strigose sparsely strigose Involucre Width (mm) 2.1–4.5 ca. 3 ca. 3 Number of series 7–8 5–6 5–6 Apex of phyllaries acute with mucronate acute acute Pubescebce of the surface glandular-hairy or sparsely to glabrous glabrous densely strigose Texture coriaceous papyraceous papyraceous Corolla Length of chasmogamous floret (cm) 11.8–13.5 8.8–11.1 9.0–10.8 Length of cleistogamous floret (cm) 3.5–7 4.8–5.5 4.2–5.0 Achene length (mm) ca. 5.8 3.8–5.1 4.2–4.8 Flowering time December–April September–December February–March, August–October Distribution Myanmar South Korea, Japan Taiwan, Japan 1)Data of Ainsliaea apiculata cited from Freire (2007). 2)Data of var. acerifolia was measured from the voucher specimen of G. Murata & al. 192, S. Mitsuta & al. 254 and J. Murata & al. 15579 (TI).

Makino Botanical Garden (MBK) and at the acute apex in A. apiculata). office of Natma Taung National Park, Nature Type: MYANMAR. Chin State. Sunny and Wildlife Conservation Division, Forest place at roadside on margin of evergreen forest, Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and 21°13ʹ24ʺN, 93°56ʹ10ʺE, ca. 2585 m alt., 4 Mar. Environmental Conservation, Myanmar. 2006, Hidetoshi Nagamasu, Koji Yonekura, Tetsuo Ooi-Toma & Ling Shein Mang 035401 Taxonomic treatment (MBK–holotype; Natma Taung National Park Ainsliaea hederifolia Fujikawa & H. Ikeda, Office, KYO, KUN, M, QBG, RAF, TI, TUS– sp. nov. [Figs. 1–3] isotypes). This species is similar to Ainsliaea apiculata Perennial herbs 20–90 cm tall; stems Schi. Bip., but differs by having 7–8-seriate 1(–4), erect, unbranched, glabrous, often with involucres (vs. 5–6-seriate involucres in A. withered leaves at base in the flowering stage. apiculata), and coriaceous phyllaries with Leaves clustered at the base or above the base mucronate apex (vs. papyraceous phyllaries with up to 8.0 cm from the base, falsely verticillate, April 2017 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 92 No. 2 89

Fig. 1. Ainsliaea hederifolia Fujikawa & H. Ikeda. A. Habit (H. Nagamasu & al. 035540, MBK). B. Long crisped trichome on upper leaf surface (J. Murata & al. 022078, MBK). C. Long straight, uniseriate trichome on lower leaf surface (J. Murata & al. 022078, MBK). D. Capitulum (Law Shine 098053, MBK). E. Phyllaries (J. Murata & al. 022028, MBK). F. Cleistogamous floret (front pappus removed) (J. Murata & al. 022028, MBK). G. Anther of cleistogamous floret (J. Murata & al. 022028, MBK). H. Style branch of cleistogamous floret (J. Murata & al. 022028, MBK). I. Corolla of cleistogamous floret (J. Murata & al. 022028, MBK). J. Chasmogamous floret (front pappus removed) (Law Shine 098053, MBK). K. Anther of chasmogamous floret (Law Shine 098053, MBK). L. Style branch of chasmogamous floret (Law Shine 098053, MBK). M. Corolla of chasmogamous floret (Law Shine 098053, MBK). N. Achene with pappus (J. Murata & al. 022078, MBK). Scale bars: 3 cm (A); 0.1 mm (B, C); 3 mm (D, I, M); 2 mm (E, F, J, N); 1 mm (G, H, K, L). Drawn by N. Ando. 90 植物研究雑誌 第 92 巻 第 2 号 2017 年 4 月 petiolate; petioles wingless, flat, up to 12.5 cm xylocarpus and Quercus semecarpifolia long, sparsely to densely strigose; leaf blades associated with Daphne papyracea, Symplocos chartaceous, 3.8–4.1 × 3.2–4.9 cm, palmately sp. and Myrsine semiserrata, and Pinus kesiya lobed, base cordate, green on upper surface and forest; flowering from December to April. grayish green or opaque green on lower surface, Other specimens examined: MYANMAR. Chin State. with long crisped trichomes on the upper surface, Natma Taung National Park; 5 miles from Kanpetlet to Natma Taung (Mt. Victoria) National Park, alt. ca. 2130 with dense to sparse long straight, uniseriate m, 9 Jan. 2012, Ling Shein Man 088163 (MBK, NMT trichomes on the lower surface, apex of lobes NP office, QBG); 17 miles from Kanpetlet, along the acute to acuminate. Cauline leaves a few, much roadside between Kanpetlet and Mindat, alt. 2230 m, reduced, petiolate, petioles up to 4.5 cm at lower 21°17ʹ19ʺN, 93°57ʹ03ʺE, 16 Feb. 2012, K. Fujikawa & al. part of stem to sessile, leaf blades palmately 086102 (MBK, TI, NMT NP office); shady slope under forest dominated by Pinus kesiya on mountain ridge, lobed to lanceolate. Capitula pedunculate, or 21°12ʹ41ʺN, 94°00ʹ59ʺE, alt. ca. 2350 m, 9 Mar. 2006, H. subsessile, arranged in a stachyoid inflorescence; Nagamasu & al. 035540 (MBK, NMT NP office, RAF, TI); peduncles up to 5.5 mm long, with a few minute alt. 2450–2500 m, 12 Mar. 2002, J. Murata & al. 022078 bracteoles; upper bracteoles transitioning to (MBK, NMT NP office, RAF); along the roadside between involucres; involucre 7- or 8-seriate, cylindrical entrance of trail to top of Mt. Victoria and Chin Resort Guest House, alt. 2525 m, 21°13ʹ29ʺN, 93°57ʹ06ʺE, 18 or narrowly campanulate, 9.5–13.2 × 2.1–4.5 Mar. 2006, K. Fujikawa & A. Nomachi 035773 (MBK, mm; phyllaries coriaceous, pale green and NMT NP office, RAF, TI); near the Kanpetlet, 2655 m, 6 reddish purple at margin, glandular and March 2003, D. Hodel V6 (MBK); along the walking trail sparsely or densely strigose on upper part; outer between 10 miles base camp and summit of Natma Taung, phyllaries ovate, 1.8–2.1 × 1.1–1.5 mm, apex alt. 3030 m, 21°14ʹ03ʺN, 93°54ʹ04ʺE, 15 Feb. 2012, K. Fujikawa & al. 086096 (MBK, NMT NP office, RAF, TI); mucronate, inner phyllaries linear to oblong, along the trail to the peak of Mt. Victoria, alt. 2700–3050 or oblanceolate, 8.9–10.4 × 1.9–2.4 mm, apex m, 3 Dec. 2002, J. Murata & al. 024616 (MBK, NMT NP mucronate. Florets 3, hermaphrodite, chasmo- office); Mt. Victoria, alt. 2750–3050 m, 9 Mar. 2002, J. cleistogamous, corolla pale pink or white. Murata & al. 022028 (MBK, NMT NP office, RAF); start Chasmogamous florets: corolla ligulate with at half way of route to top of the Mt. Victoria, alt. 2800 m, 21°09ʹ53ʺN, 94°11ʹ17ʺE, 2 Mar. 2013, S. Sangvirotjanaphat deeply 5-lobed, 11.4–14.0 mm long, tube 4.6– et al. 091193 (MBK, QBG, NMT NP office); Natma Taung 6.0 mm long, lobes 5.8–8.8 mm long; anthers (Mt. Victoria), Kanpetlet Township, 20 Jan. 2014, Law 4.8–5.2 mm long, apical appendages rounded, Shine 098053 (MBK, NMT NP office, RAF). sagittate, tails 1.7–2.4 mm long, shortly pilose; Conservation Status: Data Deficient (DD) style shortly bifid, apex truncate; pappus 31–38, according to IUCN (2012) guidelines. Although plumose, ca. 6.8 mm long. Cleistogamous there are 11 collections of this species from the florets: corolla tubelose to pseudo-ligulate, Natma Taung National Park, they all come from 5-lobed, 3.5–7.0 mm long, tube 3–6.5 mm long, the same area. It grows within a protected area, lobes ca. 0.3 mm long; anthers 1.0–2.8 mm long; however it seems that the vegetation of Natma style shortly bifid, apex truncate; pappus 24–34, Taung National Park has been maintained and plumose, 6.1–7.8 mm long. Achenes oblong, ca. formed by clearings of burning resulted from 5.8 mm long, 10-ribbed, densely pilose. people living mainly around the national park Distribution and phenology: Endemic to such as those engaged in shifting cultivation Myanmar. Temperate zone, at elevations between (agriculture), hunting, burning a fire etc. 2100 and 3050 m, sunny or shady places on Ainsliaea hederifolia grows under the conditions the forest floor or at edge of the forest mainly that are affected by human disturbance. In the comprised of Rhododendron arboreum, Lyonia absence of further information no conservation ovalifolia and Quercus semecarpifolia forests, assessment can be made. or evergreen forest composed of Lithocarpus Notes: Ainsliaea hederifolia exhibits some April 2017 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 92 No. 2 91

Fig. 2. Holotype of Ainsliaea hederifolia Fujikawa & H. Ikeda (H. Nagamasu & al. 035401, MBK). 92 植物研究雑誌 第 92 巻 第 2 号 2017 年 4 月

Fig. 3. Ainsliaea hederifolia Fujikawa & H. Ikeda. A. Habitat. B. Capitula. C. Withered leaves at the latter part of flowering time in summer. (Taken by H. Ikeda in February 2012 at 3030 m alt., around the summit of Natma Taung).

likeness to A. apiculata var. acerifolia in and western sides of the Sino-Japanese region having palmately 5-lobed M-shaped leaves (Mitsui et al. 2008), A. hederifolia is distinct (Hori et al. 1988) and flowering time (Table from the other species in the genus Ainsliaea. 1). However, the new species is characterized In Natma Taung National Park, three species by its 7–8-serriate involucre and coriaceous of Ainsliaea were recognized; A. latifolia phyllaries with glandular and strigose on the (D. Don) Sch. Bip., A. aptera DC., and A. surface and mucronate apex (Table 1). Besides hederifolia Fujikawa & H. Ikeda. Comparing the morphological differences between them, to A. hederifolia, A. latifolia is rather common they show disjunct distribution; A. apiculata is in Natma Taung National Park, growing on widely distributed in Taiwan, Korea and Japan dry slopes and semi-shady places at elevations (Freire 2007), while A. hederifolia is known only between 1200–2900 m. On the other hand, A. from west-central Myanmar. Since it is supposed aptera grows in limited places at elevations that Ainliaea species evolved allopatrically and between 2600–3050 m around the summit that the descendants were isolated in the eastern of Natma Taung (Mt. Victoria). This species April 2017 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 92 No. 2 93 collected from Natma Taung National Park has Freire E. S. 2007. Systematic revision and phylogeny of long-pedunculate capitula, arranged in panicles, Ainsliaea DC. (Asteraceae, Mutisieae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 94: 79–191. that is referred to A. aptera f. paniculata Fujikawa K. 2016. Progress of botanical inventory by Kuntze. However, Freire (2007) treated this Makino Botanical Garden for fifteen years in Myanmar. form as a synonym of A. aptera, due to the wide Ann. Kochi Pref. Makino Bot. Gard., no. 1: 65–81 (in morphological variation of the species. Japanese). Fujikawa K., Hamaguchi M., Yamamoto N., Ikeda H., Srisanga P. and Tin Mya Soe 2012. Botanical We express our cordial thanks to Dr. Nyi expedition to Natma Taung (Mt. Victoria) National Nyi Kyaw, Director General, Forest Department Park, Chin State, West-central Myanmar in 2012. and Mr. Win Naing Thaw, Director of the Newslet. Himal. Bot. no. 46: 1–12. Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division, Fujikawa K., Kuroiwa N., Maeda A., Srisanga P. and Shein Gay Ngai 2008. Botanical expedition to Natma Taung Forest Department, Myanmar, for their help in (Mt. Victoria) National Park, Chin State, West-central coordinating the expeditions. Special thanks are Myanmar in 2007. Newslet. Himal. Bot. no. 41: 9–14. also due to Mr. Shein Gin Ngay and Mr. Tin Fujikawa K., Srisanga P., Maknoi C. and Tin Mya Soe Mya Soe, the Park Wardens of Natma Taung 2014. Botanical expedition to Natma Taung (Mt. National Park, Myanmar for their generous Victoria) National Park, Chin State, Myanmar in August to September 2013. Newslet. Himal. Bot. no. help during the field surveys. The authors 48: 1–13. thank the curators of the following herbaria Hori Y., Yokoi T. and Yahara T. 1988. Size structure for permitting us to study the collections in and critical plant size for the flowering of Ainsliaea their care: BM, E, K, KYO, RAF and TI. Mr. apiculata in Yakushima Island, Japan. J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 36: 45–50. Natsutaro Ando is thanked for preparing the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) illustrations and Dr. Yumiko Baba for providing 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version images of specimens. We sincerely thank the 3.1. First ed. IUCN, Gland. two anonymous reviewers for their insightful Mitsui Y., Chen S. T., Zhou Z. K., Peng C. I., Deng Y. F. comments on our manuscript. This research and Setoguchi H. 2008. Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Ainsliaea (Asteraceae) in the Sino- received partial financial support through Japanese region based on nuclear rDNA and plastid JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 23255005 (to DNA sequence data. Ann. Bot. 101: 111–124. H.I.) and Grass-Roots Program of the Japan Tanaka N. 2010. Plant inventory research of Myanmar. International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Bunrui 10: 139–149 (in Japanese). Tanaka N., Koyama T. and Murata J. 2006. The flowering plants of Mt. Popa, Central Myanmar―Results of References Myanmar-Japanese joint expeditions 2000–2004. Bremer K. 1994. Ainsliaea DC. In: Asteraceae Cladistics & Makinoa N.S. no. 5: 1–95. Classification, 97 pp. Timber Press, Portland.

a b c c 藤川和美 ，池田 博 ，L. S. Mang ，L. Shine ：ミャ ンマー産キク科植物の分類学的研究 III：ナマタン国立 公園から見出された新種 Ainsliaea hederifolia ミャンマー中西部ナマタン国立公園からモミジハ が，総苞片が 7–8 列，革質で，先端が微突頭となるこ グ マ 属（ キ ク 科 ） の 1 新 種，Ainsliaea hederifolia とで異なっている． （a高知県立牧野植物園， Fujikawa & H. Ikeda を記載し，図示した．併せて類似 b東京大学総合研究博物館， 種との比較表をつけた．本種は，東アジアに分布するキ cミャンマー・天然資源・環境保全省野生生物保護課 ッコウハグマ A. apiculata Sch. Bip. と葉形が似ている ナマタン国立公園事務所）