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Phases of Venus and Galileo
Galileo and the phases of Venus I) Periods of Venus 1) Synodical period and phases The synodic period1 of Venus is 584 days The superior2 conjunction occured on 11 may 1610. Calculate the date of the quadrature, of the inferior conjunction and of the next superior conjunction, supposing the motions of the Earth and Venus are circular and uniform. In fact the next superior conjunction occured on 11 december 1611 and inferior conjunction on 26 february 1611. 2) Sidereal period The sidereal period of the Earth is 365.25 days. Calculate the sidereal period of Venus. II) Phases on Venus in geo and heliocentric models 1) Phases in differents models 1) Determine the phases of Venus in geocentric models, where the Earth is at the center of the universe and planets orbit around (Venus “above” or “below” the sun) * Pseudo-Aristoteles model : Earth (center)-Moon-Sun-Mercury-Venus-Mars-Jupiter-Saturne * Ptolemeo’s model : Earth (center)-Moon-Mercury-Venus-Sun-Mars-Jupiter-Saturne 2) Determine the phases of Venus in the heliocentric model, where planets orbit around the sun. Copernican system : Sun (center)-Mercury-Venus-Earth-Mars-Jupiter-Saturne 2) Observations of Galileo Galileo (1564-1642) observed Venus in 1610-1611 with a telescope. Read the letters of Galileo. May we conclude that the Copernican model is the only one available ? When did Galileo begins to observe Venus? Give the approximate dates of the quadrature and of the inferior conjunction? What are the approximate dates of the 5 observations of Galileo supposing the figure from the Essayer, was drawn in 1610-1611 1 The synodic period is the time that it takes for the object to reappear at the same point in the sky, relative to the Sun, as observed from Earth; i.e. -
Planetary Phase Variations of the 55 Cancri System
The Astrophysical Journal, 740:61 (7pp), 2011 October 20 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/740/2/61 C 2011. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. PLANETARY PHASE VARIATIONS OF THE 55 CANCRI SYSTEM Stephen R. Kane1, Dawn M. Gelino1, David R. Ciardi1, Diana Dragomir1,2, and Kaspar von Braun1 1 NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, Caltech, MS 100-22, 770 South Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada Received 2011 May 6; accepted 2011 July 21; published 2011 September 29 ABSTRACT Characterization of the composition, surface properties, and atmospheric conditions of exoplanets is a rapidly progressing field as the data to study such aspects become more accessible. Bright targets, such as the multi-planet 55 Cancri system, allow an opportunity to achieve high signal-to-noise for the detection of photometric phase variations to constrain the planetary albedos. The recent discovery that innermost planet, 55 Cancri e, transits the host star introduces new prospects for studying this system. Here we calculate photometric phase curves at optical wavelengths for the system with varying assumptions for the surface and atmospheric properties of 55 Cancri e. We show that the large differences in geometric albedo allows one to distinguish between various surface models, that the scattering phase function cannot be constrained with foreseeable data, and that planet b will contribute significantly to the phase variation, depending upon the surface of planet e. We discuss detection limits and how these models may be used with future instrumentation to further characterize these planets and distinguish between various assumptions regarding surface conditions. -
Introduction to Astronomy from Darkness to Blazing Glory
Introduction to Astronomy From Darkness to Blazing Glory Published by JAS Educational Publications Copyright Pending 2010 JAS Educational Publications All rights reserved. Including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Second Edition Author: Jeffrey Wright Scott Photographs and Diagrams: Credit NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USGS, NOAA, Aames Research Center JAS Educational Publications 2601 Oakdale Road, H2 P.O. Box 197 Modesto California 95355 1-888-586-6252 Website: http://.Introastro.com Printing by Minuteman Press, Berkley, California ISBN 978-0-9827200-0-4 1 Introduction to Astronomy From Darkness to Blazing Glory The moon Titan is in the forefront with the moon Tethys behind it. These are two of many of Saturn’s moons Credit: Cassini Imaging Team, ISS, JPL, ESA, NASA 2 Introduction to Astronomy Contents in Brief Chapter 1: Astronomy Basics: Pages 1 – 6 Workbook Pages 1 - 2 Chapter 2: Time: Pages 7 - 10 Workbook Pages 3 - 4 Chapter 3: Solar System Overview: Pages 11 - 14 Workbook Pages 5 - 8 Chapter 4: Our Sun: Pages 15 - 20 Workbook Pages 9 - 16 Chapter 5: The Terrestrial Planets: Page 21 - 39 Workbook Pages 17 - 36 Mercury: Pages 22 - 23 Venus: Pages 24 - 25 Earth: Pages 25 - 34 Mars: Pages 34 - 39 Chapter 6: Outer, Dwarf and Exoplanets Pages: 41-54 Workbook Pages 37 - 48 Jupiter: Pages 41 - 42 Saturn: Pages 42 - 44 Uranus: Pages 44 - 45 Neptune: Pages 45 - 46 Dwarf Planets, Plutoids and Exoplanets: Pages 47 -54 3 Chapter 7: The Moons: Pages: 55 - 66 Workbook Pages 49 - 56 Chapter 8: Rocks and Ice: -
On the Use of Planetary Science Data for Studying Extrasolar Planets a Science Frontier White Paper Submitted to the Astronomy & Astrophysics 2020 Decadal Survey
On the Use of Planetary Science Data for Studying Extrasolar Planets A science frontier white paper submitted to the Astronomy & Astrophysics 2020 Decadal Survey Thematic Area: Planetary Systems Principal Author Daniel J. Crichton Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology [email protected] 818-354-9155 Co-Authors: J. Steve Hughes, Gael Roudier, Robert West, Jeffrey Jewell, Geoffrey Bryden, Mark Swain, T. Joseph W. Lazio (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology) There is an opportunity to advance both solar system and extrasolar planetary studies that does not require the construction of new telescopes or new missions but better use and access to inter-disciplinary data sets. This approach leverages significant investment from NASA and international space agencies in exploring this solar system and using those discoveries as “ground truth” for the study of extrasolar planets. This white paper illustrates the potential, using phase curves and atmospheric modeling as specific examples. A key advance required to realize this potential is to enable seamless discovery and access within and between planetary science and astronomical data sets. Further, seamless data discovery and access also expands the availability of science, allowing researchers and students at a variety of institutions, equipped only with Internet access and a decent computer to conduct cutting-edge research. © 2019 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. Pre-decisional - For planning -
Stardust Sample Return
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Stardust Sample Return Press Kit January 2006 www.nasa.gov Contacts Merrilee Fellows Policy/Program Management (818) 393-0754 NASA Headquarters, Washington DC Agle Stardust Mission (818) 393-9011 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Vince Stricherz Science Investigation (206) 543-2580 University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. Contents General Release ............................................................................................................... 3 Media Services Information ……………………….................…………….................……. 5 Quick Facts …………………………………………..................………....…........…....….. 6 Mission Overview …………………………………….................……….....……............…… 7 Recovery Timeline ................................................................................................ 18 Spacecraft ………………………………………………..................…..……...........……… 20 Science Objectives …………………………………..................……………...…..........….. 28 Why Stardust?..................…………………………..................………….....………............... 31 Other Comet Missions .......................................................................................... 33 NASA's Discovery Program .................................................................................. 36 Program/Project Management …………………………........................…..…..………...... 40 1 2 GENERAL RELEASE: NASA PREPARES FOR RETURN OF INTERSTELLAR CARGO NASA’s Stardust mission is nearing Earth after a 2.88 billion mile round-trip journey -
A Systematic Concept Exploration Methodology Applied to Venus in Situ Explorer
Session III: Probe Missions to the Giant Planets, Titan and Venus A Systematic Concept Exploration Methodology Applied to Venus In Situ Explorer Jarret M. Lafleur *, Gregory Lantoine *, Andrew L. Hensley *, Ghislain J. Retaureau *, Kara M. Kranzusch *, Joseph W. Hickman *, Marc N. Wilson *, and Daniel P. Schrage † Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia 30332 ABSTRACT One of the most critical tasks in the design of a complex system is the initial conversion of mission or program objectives into a baseline system architecture. Presented in this paper is a methodology to aid in this process that is frequently used for aerospace problems at the Georgia Institute of Technology. In this paper, the methodology is applied to initial concept formulation for the Venus In Situ Explorer (VISE) mission. Five primary steps are outlined which encompass program objective definition through evaluation of candidate designs. Tools covered include the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and morphological matrices. Direction is given for the application of modeling and simulation as well as for subsequent iterations of the process. The paper covers both theoretical and practical aspects of the tools and process in the context of the VISE example, and it is hoped that this methodology may find future use in interplanetary probe design. 1. INTRODUCTION One of the most critical tasks in the design of a complex engineering system is the initial conversion of mission or program objectives and requirements into a baseline system architecture. In completing this task, the challenge exists to comprehensively but efficiently explore the global trade space of potential designs. -
SFSC Search Down to 4
C M Y K www.newssun.com EWS UN NHighlands County’s Hometown-S Newspaper Since 1927 Rivalry rout Deadly wreck in Polk Harris leads Lake 20-year-old woman from Lake Placid to shutout of AP Placid killed in Polk crash SPORTS, B1 PAGE A2 PAGE B14 Friday-Saturday, March 22-23, 2013 www.newssun.com Volume 94/Number 35 | 50 cents Forecast Fire destroys Partly sunny and portable at Fred pleasant High Low Wild Elementary Fire alarms “Myself, Mr. (Wally) 81 62 Cox and other administra- Complete Forecast went off at 2:40 tors were all called about PAGE A14 a.m. Wednesday 3 a.m.,” Waldron said Wednesday morning. Online By SAMANTHA GHOLAR Upon Waldron’s arrival, [email protected] the Sebring Fire SEBRING — Department along with Investigations into a fire DeSoto City Fire early Wednesday morning Department, West Sebring on the Fred Wild Volunteer Fire Department Question: Do you Elementary School cam- and Sebring Police pus are under way. Department were all on think the U.S. govern- The school’s fire alarms the scene. ment would ever News-Sun photo by KATARA SIMMONS Rhoda Ross reads to youngsters Linda Saraniti (from left), Chyanne Carroll and Camdon began going off at approx- State Fire Marshal seize money from pri- Carroll on Wednesday afternoon at the Lake Placid Public Library. Ross was reading from imately 2:40 a.m. and con- investigator Raymond vate bank accounts a children’s book she wrote and illustrated called ‘A Wildflower for all Seasons.’ tinued until about 3 a.m., Miles Davis was on the like is being consid- according to FWE scene for a large part of ered in Cyprus? Principal Laura Waldron. -
Tanga Laboratoire Cassiopée - Observatoire De La Côte D’Azur
Twilight phenomena in the atmosphere of Venus during the 2004 inferior conjunction Paolo Tanga Laboratoire Cassiopée - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur Twilight phenomena in the atmosphere of Venus during the 2004 inferior conjunction Paolo Tanga Laboratoire Cassiopée - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur Abstract - Twilight phenomena of Venus are peculiar aspects visible in proximity of the inferior conjunctions of the planet. They include the refraction image of the Sun that has been observed during the planet transits, and the cusp extensions observable at greater elongations. Those two phenomena have deeply different origins, the first being ascribed to refraction, the second to scattering by a thin layer of aerosols. In the following we briefly summarize the historical record of observations, giving some physical considerations and practical advices for observation close to the June 2004 Venus conjunction with the Sun. Introduction Starting with the 1761 event, several The transit of the planet Venus across observers has signalled the presence of an the Sun allows us to observe in detail some “aureola” around the planet disk, i.e. a phenomena that inspired several scientific luminescent arc running all around Venus speculations in the past. globe, or limited to the portion projected Starting from the end of the 19th beyond the Sun’s limb, against the sky. century, the observers have reported some Often, when Venus was partially peculiar phenomena promptly attributed to external to the Sun disk, the bright arc has Venus atmosphere: among them, in appeared broken in segments, reduced in particular, the outstanding cusp extension, extension or limited to a single bright point that tends to transform the thin crescent of (Fig. -
Experiential Astrology: Bringing It Alive!
Experiential Astrology: Bringing It Alive! by Barbara Schermer This article is an excerpt from the Experiential astrology can be done Once you have made your plan- author’s book, Astrology Alive! (currently in groups, but frequently, for many of etary imageboards, find an open space out of print). It was originally published us, getting together with others is not and place them around you on the floor in the June 1994 issue of The Mountain so easy. There are experiential tech- in the order they appear in your chart. Astrologer and is reprinted here with niques you can do yourself, which Sit in the center (Ascendant/Descen- minor editorial changes and by permis- include artistic techniques such as mak- dant and MC/IC axes) and face your sion of the author. ing imageboards for the planets; creat- Midheaven (MC). Now, take up each ing an astrological mandala, a planetary imageboard, moving around the circle When I can’t find words to express what mask, or a healing image of your chart; from planet to planet. Are there any that I mean, I get up and dance it. or more active techniques like dancing you’re feeling out of touch with now? — Zorba the Greek (Nikos Kazantzakis) your planets. Which of them feel less accessible? What planets being activated by transits In the beginning, astrology was Using Imageboards to or progressions are affecting your cur- alive. Our ancestors had a relationship to Explore Your Chart rent life circumstances? What planetary the natural world, and the contemplation Making personal imageboards of energies give you problems right now? of the heavens was a vital, primal com- your own planets will give you a new Which ones help out? What effects have munion that brought meaning to life. -
Running Head: NATIONAL IMAGERY in FINNISH FOLK METAL 1
Running head: NATIONAL IMAGERY IN FINNISH FOLK METAL 1 NATIONAL IMAGERY IN FINNISH FOLK METAL: Lyrics, Facebook and Beyond Renée Barbosa Moura Master‟s thesis Digital Culture University of Jyväskylä Department of Art and Culture Studies Jyväskylä 2014 NATIONAL IMAGERY IN FINNISH FOLK METAL 2 UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Faculty Department Humanities Art and Culture Studies Author Renée Barbosa Moura Title National Imagery in FFM: Lyrics, Facebook and Beyond Subject Level Digital Culture MA Thesis Month and year Number of pages June 2014 90 pages Abstract Folk metal is a music genre originated from heavy metal music. For many artists and fans, folk metal is more than just music: it is a way of revitalising tradition. Folk metal is then a genre which is closely related to individual‟s cultural identities. As part of popular culture, heavy metal has been investigated for instance in the fields of cultural studies and psychology. Andrew Brown investigates how heavy metal emerged as subject for academic research. Deena Weinstein approaches heavy metal as culture and behaviour that is shared by individuals from different cultural backgrounds. However, subgenres like folk metal have not yet been explored in depth by academics. Analysing folk metal‟s nuances in specific national contexts would provide further knowledge on national cultures and identities. One example of folk metal reflecting elements of national culture is Finnish folk metal. The bands whose works belong to this genre usually draw from Finnish culture to compose their works, which usually feature stories from a variety of traditional sources such as the epic book Kalevala. Such stories are then transposed into new media, disseminating the artists‟ concept of Finnishness. -
Stellium Handbook Part
2 Donna Cunningham’s Books on the Outer Planets If you’re dealing with a stellium that contains one or more outer planets, these ebooks will help you understand their role in your chart and explore ways to change difficult patterns they represent. Since The Stellium Handbook can’t cover them in the depth they deserve, you’ll gain a greater perspective through these ebooks that devote entire chapters to the meanings of Uranus, Neptune, or Pluto in a variety of contexts. The Outer Planets and Inner Life volumes are $15 each if purchased separately, or $35 for all three—a $10 savings. To order, go to PayPal.com and tell them which books you want, Donna’s email address ([email protected]), and the amount. The ebooks arrive on separate emails. If you want them sent to an email address other than the one you used, let her know. The Outer Planets and Inner Life, V.1: The Outer Planets as Career Indicators. If your stellium has outer planets in the career houses (2nd, 6th, or 10th), or if it relates to your chosen career, this book can give you helpful insights. There’s an otherworldly element when the outer planets are career markers, a sense of serving a greater purpose in human history. Each chapter of this e-book explores one of these planets in depth. See an excerpt here. The Outer Planets and Inner Life, v.2: Outer Planet Aspects to Venus and Mars. Learn about the love lives of people who have the outer planets woven in with the primary relationship planets, Venus and Mars, or in the relationship houses—the 7th, 8th, and 5th. -
PAC March 9 10 2020 Report
NASA ADVISORY COUNCIL PLANETARY SCIENCE ADVISORY COMMITTEE March 9-10, 2020 NASA Headquarters Washington, DC MEETING REPORT _____________________________________________________________ Anne Verbiscer, Chair ____________________________________________________________ Stephen Rinehart, Executive Secretary Table of Contents Opening and Announcements, Introductions 3 PSD Update and Status 3 PSD R&A Status 5 Planetary Protection 7 Discussion 8 Mars Exploration Program 8 Lunar Exploration Program 9 PDCO 11 Planetary Data System 12 PDS at Headquarters 13 Findings and Discussion 13 General Comments 13 Exoplanets in Our Backyard 14 AP Assets for Solar System Observations 15 Solar System Science with JWST 16 Mercury Group 17 VEXAG 17 SBAG 18 OPAG 19 MEPAG 19 MAPSIT 20 LEAG 21 CAPTEM 21 Discussion 22 Findings and Recommendations Discussion 23 Appendix A- Attendees Appendix B- Membership roster Appendix C- Agenda Appendix D- Presentations Prepared by Joan M. Zimmermann Zantech, Inc. 2 Opening, Announcements, Around the Table Identification Executive Secretary of the Planetary Science Advisory Committee (PAC), Dr. Stephen Rinehart, opened the meeting and made administrative announcements. PAC Chair, Dr. Anne Verbiscer, welcomed everyone to the virtual meeting. Announcements were made around the table and on Webex. PSD Status Report Dr. Lori Glaze, Director of the Planetary Science Division, gave a status report. First addressing the President’s Budget Request (PBR) for Fiscal Year 2021 (FY21) for the Science Mission Directorate (SMD), Dr. Glaze noted that it was one of the strongest science budgets in NASA history, representing a 12% increase over the enacted FY20 budget. The total PBR keeps NASA on track to land on the Moon by 2024; and to help prepare for human exploration at Mars.