International Research Journal of Management Science & Technology ISSN 2250 – 1959(0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print) An Internationally Indexed Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journal

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IRJMST Vol 5 Issue 5 [Year 2014] ISSN 2250 – 1959 (0nline) 2348 – 9367 (Print)

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Ethnomedicinal use of Plants from Ghar Area of District (U.P.), (India)

Sanjay Kumar Deptt. Of Botany, Janta Vedic College, -250611 (U.P.), India

Abstract Now a days use of medicinal plants gaining importance due to adverse effect of synthetic drugs on human health which create varied types of complicated diseases. The local people and traditional Ayurvedic doctors and vadhyas have been using different parts of the plants as remedy to cure stomachic, headache, diarrhea, dysentery, cough and cold, intestinal affections etc. Here, authors summarized some Ethnomedicinal plants found in ghar area of district Saharanpur U.P. to cure various diseases. A total of 50 plants genera belonging to 28 dicot families with their botanical names, vernacular names, flowering and fruiting seasons and medicinal uses have been given. Among these Pit Papara, Pili Kateli, Chotta Gokhru, Khatti Booti, Chumui, Dudhi, Tulsi, Amaliki, Chirchita etc. are commonly used. Keywords: Ethnomedicinal Plants, Medicinal value, Ghar area. INTRODUCTION Herbal and natural products have been used by tribal people since ancient time throughout the world. Importance of traditional and fold medicines in the treatments of various human ailments is well known. A number of traditional system of medicines are used in Ayurveda, Unani and Homeopathy etc. Among them, the oldest is Ayurveda which has a lot of information for Indian medicinal plants. Scientist and medical professional have shown increased interest in this field as they recognized the true health benefits of these remedies "Let food be your medicine and let medicine be your food" was advised by the father of medicine Hippocrattus. It is still true today that "You are what you ate". In India, about 2500 plant species belonging to more than 1000 genera are used by traditional healers and about 500 plant species are used by 159 different pharmaceutical companies (Chandel et al, 1996). Saharanpur is one of the important place in U.P., India from the floristic point of view. It is situated at the foothills of Shiwaliks that constitute the outer Himalaya. There are long Ghar area present around the district Saharanpur which consist of a sand stone belt of 64 Km. long and 6 Km. wide area. It is situated at the Ganga and doab. This belt is expanded in north, east and south blocks of Saharanpur district viz. Badshahi bagh, Behat, Sadoli Kadim, Timly and Sakumbri devi. This belt is called Bhabhar Patti. These area remain dry, but during rainy season due to fast current of river inundate it. The ghar area is a rocky, sandy and dry area. The soil of this area is rich in calcium. The average temperature is 150 to 200C in winter and 300 to 420C in summer. Initial studies on medicinal plants of district

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Saharanpur was carried out by Ahuja (1965) and Bhargava (1982). The distribution of Indian medicinal plants has been studied by Kirtikar and Basu (1933), Chopra et al. (1956),Atal (1989) and Dastur (1996). The ethnomedicinal studies have been carried out by Jain (1991), Sivarajan et al. (1994) Sanyal (1995), Kaushik et al. (2000), Das et al. (2005). Material and Methods Extensive survey was carried out throughout the year from 2009 to 2010 in Ghar area of Saharanpur district and their adjacent villages. In the present paper authors gave a list of 50 ethnomedicinal plants belonging to 28 different families of dicot plants of which in one family more than one plants are included (Sansulato) and in other families one or two species are represented. Information on important ethnomedicinal plants generally used by the people of ghar area was collected from villagers. Vaidhyas, Hakims and also from Ayurvedic medical practitioner. The plants were arranged according to Bentham and Hooker classification. The medicinal importance of plant species has been described as per our knowledge of Ayurveda and also ancient literature. In this paper authors give a list of ethnomedicinal plants with their botanical names, families, vernacular name, flowering and fruiting season and their remedial values. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Through there is a wide range of ethnomedicinal plants traditionally being used by tribal peoples of ghar area of district Saharanpur and their adjacent areas. Among them most commonly used and affecting plants are-

Botanical Vernacular Family Flowering Medicinal Uses Name Name and Fruiting Ranunculus Shim, Ranunculaceae January- Used in treatment of scleratus Linn. Jaldhania June rheumatic pain and ashthma, stomachic and in kidney troubles Argemone Shialkanta, Papaveraceae October- Used in dropsy, jaundice mexicana Linn Pili Kateli April and cutaneous infection, seeds antidote for snake bite. Fumaria indica Pit Papra Fumariaceae November- It is diuretic, blood purifier (Haussk) February and used in fever. pugsley Stellaria media Chik weed, Caryophyllaceae December- Soft paste mixed with Linn. Godal March plaster of paris applied on the broken bones and swellings to check pains and stimulate healing. It is also used as astringent and resolvent. Arenaria Ameri Caryophyllaceae February- Used for bladder diseases serpyllifolia March and calculus troubles Linn. Sida cordifolia Kungyi Malvaceae September- Extract given in dysentery. Linn. December its decoction with ginger is used as febrifugic. its bark

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with sesamum oil and milk is effective in curing facial paralysis, leucorrhoeae. Triumfetta Chikti, Tiliaceae August- Used as diuretic and in rhomboidea Jhinjhira Otober dysentery. Infusion given to Jacq. facilitate childbirth, intestinal ulcers. Tribulus Bhankdi, Zygophyllaceae July- Used as tonic, diuretic and terrestris LInn. Choota December in calculous affection. Gokhru Brights diseases, and infusion in gout, kidney gravel hepatitis and dyspepsia. Oxalis Amrul, Oxalidaceae November- Plant extract is used in corniculata Indian sorrel, June dyspepsia, anaemia and food Linn. Khatti Booti poisoning. Fresh leaves as cooling, antisorbutic, refrigerant and stomachic. Mimosa pudica Chui-mui Mimosaceae August- Used in piles and paste Linn. November applied on hydrocele. In urinary complaints and powerful germicidal. Potentilla Dodi, Rosaceae January- It is used as astringent tonic supina Linn. Kanikar April and it contains antiseptic tannin.

Jussiae repens Pani ki ghas Onagraceae September- As antiseptic, act a Linn. October constituent of poultice for ulcers and other skin diseases. Momordica Karela, Bitter Cucurbitaceae June- The juice is used in diabetes, chrantia Linn. gourd September gout and rheumatism. Astringent and in haemorrhoids. Lagenaria Lauki, Bottle Cucurbitaceae Rainy It is given in jaundice, gout vulgris Seringe gourd season and rheumatism. Astringent and in haemorrhoids. Trianthema Santh, Santhi Aizoaceae June- It is diuretic used in dropsy portulacastrum December extract as antidote to Linn. alcoholic poisoning, given in rheumatism and as vermifuge. The powder is used as cathartic, given in asthma and i obstruction of liver and amenorrhoea. Cenetella Brahmi Umbelliferae April-June The extract used in skin asiatica Linn. (Apiaceae) diseases. Cardiodepression, improve memory and blood purifier, Eye troubles, fever

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and children diarrhoea. In homeopathy given in wound ulceration, eczema, ascariasis and in cervicitus. Trachyspermum Ajwain Umbelliferae November- It is used as diuretic ammi L. (Apiaceae) March carminative, given in febrile sprangue conditions and stomach disorders in pneumonia, cold, cholera sore throat, stomachic and flatulence Oldenlandia Daman paper Rubiceae September- Used in jaundice and liver corymbosa October diseases, as anthelmintic. Linn. The extract is used in remittent fever, gastric irritation and nervous depression. It paste is applied on the burning feet and fingers to given coolness. Ageratum Vchunti, Asteraceae January- Used in rheumatism, fever conyzoides Nilam, June and tonic. Leaves are used in Linn. Tambakoo prevents tetanus. It yields an essential oil having emetic properties.

Artemisia Vilayati Asteraceae September- Its infusion as purgative absinthium Afsantin October juice in ear paints, dry twigs Linn. smoke is good in burns. Its soil scorpion antiseptic in nature. Echinops Gokru, Asteraceae January- Plant is diuretic and nervine ectinatus Roxb. Oontkatela June tonic. It is useful in hoarse cough, dyspepsia and ophthalmia. It powder applied to wounds in cattles to destroy maggot and mixed with acacia gum and applied to the hairs to destroy lice. Heliotropium Kadhera, Boranginaceae March- Used in snake bite, Leaves eichwaldi Linn. Poput Buti June as antiseptic, their paste applied on ulcers, extract for cleaning wounds, insect bites and poured into ears in erache. Evolvulus Sankhapushpi Convolvulaceae July- Used as vermifuge alsinoides Linn. November dysentery. its oil for promoting hair growth

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extract in leucoderma, aphrodiasiac antiseptic. Leaves smoked in chronic bronchitis and asthma, given in insanity, epilepsy. Cuscuta reflexa Amerbel, Convolvulaceae September- A potent drug purgative, Roxb. Dodder February useful as paste on itching, fever, its infusion as wash for sores. Seed powder anthelimintic, checks falling hair and given in the treatment of swollen testicles. Solanum Makoi, Black Solanaceae Cold and It is ntiseptic, antidysentric nigrum Linn. nightshade, Summer useful in cardalgia, diuretic, Makoh season narcotic and fresh extract is used in liver cirrhosis, dropped for mild pupil dilation of eyes. Fruits tonic, diuretic, cathartic useful in liver and heart troubles often iven by tribals in fever and diarrhoea. Nicotiana Tambaku Solanaceae November- Leaves are sedative tobaccum Linn. March antispasmodic, vermifuge, extract applied in skin troubles, narcotic, in mild gstrictis, intestinal disorders. It powder is used as insecticidal,. and used in scorpion sting and rheumatic pains. Datura metal Datura Solanaceae November- Plant is used in headache, Linn. January dropsy, madness. rheumatism, in cramps syphillis, pimples, epilepsy, orchitis and mumps. Physalis Tulatipati Solanaceae July- Used as tonic, diuretic, minima Linn. October purgative and its extract is used in earache. Verbascum Gidar-tamaku Scrophulariaceae April Plant yields an essential oil thapsus Linn. (Jackel's and used as bactericide fruit tobacoo) in diarrhea and pulmonary diseases of cattle, locally applied in piles, sunbums, mucous membrane inflammations, a good heart stimulant. Root as astringent,, febrifugic and poultice is applied for curing

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swellings. its decoction is used in cramps and migraine. Antirrhinum Com Scrophulariaceae February- Plant used in hypotensive orontium Linn. Snapdragon April condition and sedative. Leaves are antiseptic, applied as poultice on tumors and ulcers. Lindenbergia Vahl, Gazdar Scrophulariaceae January- Plant extract used n chronic indica (Linn.) April bronchitis, mixed with O. Kuntze coriander applied on the skin for eruptions and also taken internally. Pedalium Vilayti Pedaliaceae August- Plant diuretic, tonic, food murex Linn. gokhru, October useful in dysuria gonorrhoea Barago and other urinogential Khuro diseases. Dipteracanthus Kalighavni Acanthaceae June- Leaves with liquid copal for prostratus Nees September gonorrhea, extract useful in ear diseases, extract found useful as anticancer drug. Peristrophe Atrilal Acanthaceae September- Plant yields essential oil bicalyculala December which shows Nees antituberculosis activity in vitriol, macerated paste as antidote to snake poison, infusion insecticidal. Rungia repens Kharmar Acanthaceae October- Used in coughs and fever, Linn. December extract used as vermifuge and diuretic, fresh leaves macerated in caster oil applied on scalp as cure for tineae fungal infection. Phyla nodiflora Bukkan, Verbenaceae April- Plant diuretic, febrifugic Linn. Bakanbuti, August used in ischuria in bowel Jalbuti stoppage, paste from the plant is applied on boils, swollen cervical glands, chronic indolent ulcers. Anisomeles Parpata, Kala Lamiaceae June- Plant is carminative indica (Linn) bhangra October astringent, tonic, its oil in Ktze utrine affections. Ocimum Balui tulsi, Lamiaceae Major part Leaves powder used in fever basillicum sweet basil of the year stomachic, antipyretic Linn. carminative, stimulant, insect repellent, its extract is used in nasal diseases and given for ringworm infection. Fruits are carminative, diuretic and

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stimulant, extract ni cold effect its essential oil applied in rheumatism. Roots bark is used as cyanogenetic and in bowel complaints in cholera. Ocimum Tulsi, Lamiaceae November- Leaves are used as americanum Krishna tulsi, February insecticidal, antibacterial, Linn. Holy tulsi stimulant, diaphroetic, antiperiodic, expectorant, given in powder form in catarh, bronchitis, ringworm infection, skin disorders, infusion as stomachic, Seeds are given in geneto-urinary disorders. Leucas Goma Lamiaceae October- Diphoretic, insecticidal, cephalotes March scarbies, cough, cold Spreny Boerhaavia Santhi; Nyctaginaceae Major part its juice is given in ascites, diffusa Linn. Punnerva of the year diuretic and ophthalmia. Leaves are used in night blindness muscular paints, eczema and powder in stomach tumour. Mirabillis Gulabas, Nyctaginaceae August- Leaves are used as tonic, Jalapa Linn. Four O clock December antiseptic, paste applied on plant cuts and wounds, stomach pain and wind troubles and gastritis. Root is used as aphrodiasic and purgative. It is good environment cleaner as it emits antimicrobial activity. Achyranthus Chirchita, Amaranthaceae Through Plant decoction diuretics aspera Linn. Apamarg, out the given in renal dropsy, Puthkunda, year purgative used in piles, skin Lapa trouble and kidney stone young leaves as tonic, mature leaf powder in leprosy, warm extract in teatanus. Seeds are given in hydrophobia and emetic. Roots are used in diarrhoea and in swollen legs, stomach pains. Aerva lanata Chaya Amaranthaceae After rains Roots are used as Juss. demulcent, diuretic and in headache. Alternathera Ghardughi Amaranthaceae Rainy Plant is used as febrifugic,

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sessillis (Linn.) season Galactagogue and extract in R.Br. abdominal pains. Leaves are used in snakebite, in an poultice on swellings and in night blindness. Digera muricata Lesua, Amaranthaceae August- Plant is used as diuretic and L.Forsk Lhasua, March laxative fruit extract is used Kundra in urinary discharges Polygonum Rani ka Polygonaceae Rainy Plants are dried taken to plebejum Linn. Phool Season cure pneumonia and act as mild laxative. Root is used in bowel complaints Aristolochia Kiramar Aristolochiaceae Greater It is purgative anthelmintic bracteata Linn. part of the and insecticide. Leaves juice year is antimicrobial, ulcers, eczema and vermifuge. Seeds lotion for softening hairs and in expelling round worms. Euphorbia hirta Dudhi or Euphorbiaceae Greater Plant used in worm infection Linn. Dudhibel part of the of childre, bowel complaints year and cough, Juice extract in dysentery colic pain, in bronchitis and asthma, roots paste is applied externally on wounds. Phyllanthus Amaliki Euphorbiaceae September- Used in jaundice, liver amarus Linn. October disorder, kidney, troubles, gonorrhea, dysentery.

Argimone maxicana, Sida cordiflia. Tribulous terristris, Euphorbia hirta, Datura metal, Evolvulus alsinoides Achyranthes aspera, Cuscut reflexa etc were found dominating. The tribal largely dependent on local herbs for curing different kinds of diseases like asthma, jaundice, dysentery, cough, fever, stomach troubles etc. These plants as whole or their parts are given in various forms like concoction, powder of pnchang, paste etc. Argemone maxicana used in Jaundice and Dropsy. However khan et al. (2006) reported that its seeds are used as a poultice externally to cure various skin diseases. Achyranthus aspera plant decoction used as a diuretic, purgative and also in skin disease. The leaf powder use din leprosy and i tetanus. Bramhavarchasva (2003) and Gangrade (2001) suggested that stem and roots of this plant are used by local people as herbal toothbrush to avoid toothache and bad odour from mouth. Cuscuta reflexa used as a paste in itching fever and its infusion as wash for sores. However, Agarwal (1985) reported that seeds and oil of this plant are used as anthelmintic and also to check falling hairs. He also reported that Datura metal used in rheumatism and madness. Some use of Datura has been recorded in Saharanpur district herbal population as well as by the villagers. The plant extract of Oxalis corniculata used in anemia and food poisoning and in stomachic. However, Dilip Kalita et al. (2006) reported that leaf powder sue din urenogenital diseases. Leaf juice of Momordica charntia are used in controlling diabetes. These observations are coincide with the Choudhary report (2006) Phyllanthus amarus use din

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