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De Smet K. 2003. Cheetah in and Around Hoggar National Park in Central Sahara (Algeria)
de Smet K. 2003. Cheetah in and around Hoggar National Park in Central Sahara (Algeria). Cat News 38(Spring):22-4. Keywords: 1DZ/Acinonyx jubatus/cheetah/Hoggar NP/National Park/North Africa/prey/Sahara/status/ territorial behaviour Abstract: According the studies conducted in the late' 80s, in 2000 and in 2003, the cheetah is largely widespread in the Hoggar Mountains (Algeria) and its surroundings. Their numbers have probably risen since 2000. The potential preys of the cheetah are abundant. However, the cheetah is often killed by the Tuaregs despite their protection status. Cheetahs are reported to move on constantly from one valley to another, but have a territorial behaviour. The absence of competitors allows cheetah to hunt its preys without facing their robbery. The situation may be good in the Tassili Mountains too. D'après les études menées à la fin des années 80, en 2000 et en 2003 le guépard est largement répandu dans les montagnes du Hoggar (Algérie) et ses environs. Leur nombre a probablement augmenté depuis 2000. Les proies potentielles du guépard sont abondantes. Cependant, malgré son statut d'espèce protégée, le guépard est souvent tué par les Touaregs. D'après les observations, les guépards se déplacent constamment d'une vallée à l'autre, mais gardent un comportement territorial. L'absence de compétiteurs permet au guépard de chasser ses proies sans avoir à faire face à leur vol. La situation doit également être bonne dans les montagnes du Tassili. Cheetah in and Around Hoggar National Park in Algeria by Koen de Smet* uring the past 80 years we encountered, and even groups up to covered 1,000 km. -
Tracing the Central African Rift and Shear Systems Offshore Onto
Tracing the West and Central African Rift and Shear Systems offshore onto oceanic crust: a ‘rolling’ triple junction William Dickson (DIGs), and James W. Granath, PhD, (Granath & Associates) Abstract Compared to the understood kinematics of its continental margins and adjacent ocean basins, the African continent is unevenly or even poorly known. Consequently, the connections from onshore fault systems into offshore spreading centers and ridges are inaccurately positioned and inadequately understood. This work considers a set of triple junctions and the related oceanic fracture systems within the Gulf of Guinea from Nigeria to Liberia. Our effort redefines the greater Benue Trough, onshore Nigeria, and reframes WCARS (West and Central African Rift and Shear Systems) as it traces beneath the onshore Niger Delta and across the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL), Figure 1. We thus join onshore architecture to oceanic fracture systems, forming a kinematically sound whole. This required updating basin outlines and relocating mis- positioned features, marrying illustrations from the literature to imagery suitable for basin to sub- basin mapping. The resulting application of systems structural geology explains intraplate deformation in terms of known structural styles and interplay of their elements. Across the Benue Trough and along WCARS, we infer variations in both structural setting and thermal controls that require further interpretation of their petroleum systems. Introduction Excellent work has defined Africa's onshore geology and the evolution and driving mechanisms of the adjacent (particularly the circum-Atlantic) ocean basins. However, understanding of the oceanic realm has outpaced that of the continent of Africa. This paper briefly reviews onshore work. We then discuss theoretical geometry of tectonic boundaries (including triple junctions) and our data (sources and compilation methods). -
The Mesozoic to Early Cenozoic Magmatism of the Benue Trough (Nigeria); Geochemical Evidence for the Involvement of the St Helen
JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY VOLUME 37 NUMBER 6 PAGES 1341-1358 1996 C. COULON1*, P. VIDAL2, C. DUPUY3, P. BAUDIN1, M. POPOFF*, H. MALUSKI5 AND D. HERMITTE1 'PETROLOGIE MAGMATIQUE, URA 1277, CEREGE, BP 80, 15545 AIX EN PROVENCE CEDEX 4, FRANCE 'CENTRE DE RECHERCHES VOLCANOLOGIQUES, URA 10, 63038 CLERMONT FERRAND CEDEX, FRANCE 'CENTRE GEOLOGIO.UE ET GEOPHYSIO.UE, CNRS, PLACE BATAILLON, J4095 MONTPELLIER CEDEX, FRANCE *INSTITUT DE GEODYNAMIQ.UE, URA 1279, UNIVERSITE DE NICE—SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS, AVENUE EINSTEIN, 06560 VALBONNE, FRANCE JLABORATOIRE DE GEOCHRONOLOGIE—GEOCHIMIE, URA 176J, PLACE BATAILLON, 34095 MONTPELLIER CEDEX, FRANCE The Mesozoic to Early Cenozoic Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/petrology/article/37/6/1341/1406521 by guest on 28 September 2021 Magmatism of the Benue Trough (Nigeria); Geochemical Evidence for the Involvement of the St Helena Plume The Benue Trough is a continental rift related to the opening of Equatorial Atlantic. Moreover, the geochemical similarity the equatorial domain of the South Atlantic which was initi- between the alkaline magmatism of the Benue Trough and that ated in Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous times. Highly diversi- of the Cameroon Line suggests that both magmatic provinces fied and volumetrically restricted Mesozoic to Cenozoic were related to the St Helena plume. Finally, the temporal magmatic products are scattered throughout the rift. Three per- change of the mantle sources observed in the Benue Trough can iods of magmatic activity have been recognized on the basis of be accounted for by the recent models of plume dynamics, in the *°Ar-39Ar ages: 147-106 Ma, 97-81 Ma and 68-49 Ma. -
Models and Methods of Tectonic Geomorphology and the Reconstruction of Hominin Landscapes
This is a repository copy of Landscapes of human evolution : models and methods of tectonic geomorphology and the reconstruction of hominin landscapes. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/11178/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Bailey, G.N. orcid.org/0000-0003-2656-830X, Reynolds, Sally and King, G.C.P. (2011) Landscapes of human evolution : models and methods of tectonic geomorphology and the reconstruction of hominin landscapes. Journal of Human Evolution. pp. 257-80. ISSN 0047-2484 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.01.004 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ This is an author-created pdf. Cite as: In press, J Hum Evol (2010), doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.01.004 Landscapes of human evolution: models and methods of tectonic geomorphology and the reconstruction of hominin landscapes Geoffrey N. Bailey 1 Sally C. Reynolds 2, 3 Geoffrey C. -
Palaeoecology of Africa*
Intimations on Quaternary palaeoecology of Africa* E.M. van Zinderen+Bakker Palynological Research Unit of the C.S.I.R. and the University of the Orange Free State at Bloemfontein 1. THE BIOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERN OF AFRICA of with of is little The biogeography Africa, as compared that Europe known and it is only in recent years that more detailed studies have been made of cer- of tain areas. Taxonomists working on groups lower plants and animals and even on flowering plants will still find many rich new areas for collecting in Africa, while the results of these taxonomic studies are the basis of any biogeo- graphic investigation. The study of the factors responsible for the present-day pattern of distribution of plants and animals has been initiated in Africa only The which directed towards fairly recently. present intimations, are mostly botanical problems, are therefore general in nature and are often hypothetical. They are only intended to indicate possible historical approaches to the study of biogeography of Africa. The flora and fauna of Africa, the continent for which some of the most an- cient radiometric dates have been assessed, must in consequence be old in origin. The priscotropical flora of the forests, savannas, mountains and deserts of Africa has been isolated from the other continents since mesozoic times and has wealth of in the flora. Botanical developed a great species especially Cape Gondwana affinities are apparent in this southern flora, while boreal influences of found in the mountainfloras from the Sa- a comparatively younger age are hara and Ethiopia in the north right down the length of the continent to the Africa. -
Back Matter (PDF)
Index Page numbers in italic refer to tables, and those in bold to figures. accretionary orogens, defined 23 Namaqua-Natal Orogen 435-8 Africa, East SW Angola and NW Botswana 442 Congo-Sat Francisco Craton 4, 5, 35, 45-6, 49, 64 Umkondo Igneous Province 438-9 palaeomagnetic poles at 1100-700 Ma 37 Pan-African orogenic belts (650-450 Ma) 442-50 East African(-Antarctic) Orogen Damara-Lufilian Arc-Zambezi Belt 3, 435, accretion and deformation, Arabian-Nubian Shield 442-50 (ANS) 327-61 Katangan basaltic rocks 443,446 continuation of East Antarctic Orogen 263 Mwembeshi Shear Zone 442 E/W Gondwana suture 263-5 Neoproterozoic basin evolution and seafloor evolution 357-8 spreading 445-6 extensional collapse in DML 271-87 orogenesis 446-51 deformations 283-5 Ubendian and Kibaran Belts 445 Heimefront Shear Zone, DML 208,251, 252-3, within-plate magmatism and basin initiation 443-5 284, 415,417 Zambezi Belt 27,415 structural section, Neoproterozoic deformation, Zambezi Orogen 3, 5 Madagascar 365-72 Zambezi-Damara Belt 65, 67, 442-50 see also Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS); Zimbabwe Belt, ophiolites 27 Mozambique Belt Zimbabwe Craton 427,433 Mozambique Belt evolution 60-1,291, 401-25 Zimbabwe-Kapvaal-Grunehogna Craton 42, 208, 250, carbonates 405.6 272-3 Dronning Mand Land 62-3 see also Pan-African eclogites and ophiolites 406-7 Africa, West 40-1 isotopic data Amazonia-Rio de la Plata megacraton 2-3, 40-1 crystallization and metamorphic ages 407-11 Birimian Orogen 24 Sm-Nd (T DM) 411-14 A1-Jifn Basin see Najd Fault System lithologies 402-7 Albany-Fraser-Wilkes -
The Eastern Sirte Basin, Libya
D-18 REVIEW OF THE REMAINING POTENTIAL IN THE EASTERN SIRTE BASIN , LIBYA RUT GE R G RAS a nd DREG J . AMBROSE Scfflumberger O ilfreld Services . Schlumberger House. Buckingham Gate , Gatwíck Airport West Sussex RH6 ONZ, UK A bstract In the Sine Basfin more than 1600 exploration wens drilled since 195 6 have discovered an estimated total of 130 bipion barrels of original all-equivalent in place (Thomas 1995, Gras & Thusu 1996). The play types testel successfully in the Sirte Basfin are botte carbonate and siliciclastic plays. The first category are predominantly Paleocene carbonate buildups, occurring in the tentral and western party of the basin, while Middle Eocene nummulite shoals are praductive in the southeast Sirte Basfin (e .g . Gialo field) . The oilfíelds in the Sine Basfin witte siliciclastic reservoirs are principally related to the consecutive Midfile Triassic and Late .lurassic-Early Cretaceotis rifting of the basin, and occur in the eastern part of the Sirte Basfin (fig. 1 ) . 20 MEDITERRANEAN N ,--'J 777 AK HD A R ~ I T CYRENAICA - d PLATFORM . 3 0 ry v 1 30 W EST ER N B AR H ~~- JAG HBU C S H EL F q~ HAME IM AT TROUGH Dr~ G IAL~-MESS LAH H4GH LE G END r~r n a SAR IR TROUGH G'l ,~T FQRM 0 ST RUCTU RAI IOWS ZEE YEN SOU T H 6F P RFSSIO N PLATFORM T E RTIARY YOL CANICS CAM6RIAN -óft Dl'11-1 CI ,: N SO UTHERN ~ S HE L F SARIR 20 2 0 TIB E STI 0 200 4 00 km 20 Figurc l : 5tructural overview of the Sirte Basfin. -
Quaternary Glaciation in the Mediterranean Mountains the Geological Society of London Books Editorial Committee
Quaternary Glaciation in the Mediterranean Mountains The Geological Society of London Books Editorial Committee Chief Editor Rick Law (USA) Society Books Editors Jim Griffiths (UK) Dave Hodgson (UK) Phil Leat (UK) Nick Richardson (UK) Daniela Schmidt (UK) Randell Stephenson (UK) Rob Strachan (UK) Mark Whiteman (UK) Society Books Advisors Ghulam Bhat (India) Marie-Franc¸oise Brunet (France) Anne-Christine Da Silva (Belgium) Jasper Knight (South Africa) Mario Parise (Italy) Satish-Kumar (Japan) Virginia Toy (New Zealand) Marco Vecoli (Saudi Arabia) Geological Society books refereeing procedures The Society makes every effort to ensure that the scientific and production quality of its books matches that of its journals. Since 1997, all book proposals have been refereed by specialist reviewers as well as by the Society’s Books Editorial Committee. If the referees identify weaknesses in the proposal, these must be addressed before the proposal is accepted. Once the book is accepted, the Society Book Editors ensure that the volume editors follow strict guidelines on refereeing and quality control. We insist that individual papers can only be accepted after satisfactory review by two independent referees. The questions on the review forms are similar to those for Journal of the Geological Society. The referees’ forms and comments must be available to the Society’s Book Editors on request. Although many of the books result from meetings, the editors are expected to commission papers that were not presented at the meeting to ensure that the book provides a balanced coverage of the subject. Being accepted for presentation at the meeting does not guarantee inclusion in the book. -
Upper Mantle P and S Wave Velocity Structure of the Kalahari Craton And
RESEARCH LETTER Upper Mantle P and S Wave Velocity Structure of the 10.1029/2019GL084053 Kalahari Craton and Surrounding Proterozoic Key Points: • Thick cratonic lithosphere extends Terranes, Southern Africa beneath the Rehoboth Province and Kameron Ortiz1, Andrew Nyblade1,5 , Mark van der Meijde2, Hanneke Paulssen3 , parts of the northern Okwa Terrane 4 4 5 2,6 and Magondi Belt Motsamai Kwadiba , Onkgopotse Ntibinyane , Raymond Durrheim , Islam Fadel , • The northern edge of the greater and Kyle Homman1 Kalahari Craton lithosphere lies along the northern boundary of the 1Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, 2Faculty for Geo‐information Rehoboth Province and Magondi Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands, 3Department of Earth Sciences, Belt 4 • Cratonic mantle lithosphere Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands, Botswana Geoscience Institute, Lobatse, Botswana, 5 6 beneath the Okwa Terrane and School of Geosciences, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Geology Department, Faculty Magondi Belt may have been of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Egypt chemically altered by Proterozoic magmatic events Abstract New broadband seismic data from Botswana and South Africa have been combined with Supporting Information: existing data from the region to develop improved P and S wave velocity models for investigating the • Supporting Information S1 upper mantle structure of southern Africa. Higher craton‐like velocities are imaged beneath the Rehoboth Province and parts of the northern Okwa Terrane and the Magondi Belt, indicating that the Correspondence to: northern edge of the greater Kalahari Craton lithosphere lies along the northern boundary of these A. Nyblade, terranes. -
World Map Showing Surface and Subsurface Distribution, and Lithologic Character of Middle and Late Neoproterozoic Rocks
World Map Showing Surface and Subsurface Distribution, and Lithologic Character of Middle and Late Neoproterozoic Rocks By John H. Stewart1 Open-File Report 2007-1087 2007 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey 1 Menlo Park, Calif. U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2007 Revised and reprinted: 2007 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested citation: Stewart, John H., 2007, World map showing surface and subsurface distribution, and lithologic character of Middle and Late Neoproterozoic rocks: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1087. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. ii Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................... 3 Sources of information ........................................................................................................ 2 Africa [AF] -
Pan-African Orogeny 1
Encyclopedia 0f Geology (2004), vol. 1, Elsevier, Amsterdam AFRICA/Pan-African Orogeny 1 Contents Pan-African Orogeny North African Phanerozoic Rift Valley Within the Pan-African domains, two broad types of Pan-African Orogeny orogenic or mobile belts can be distinguished. One type consists predominantly of Neoproterozoic supracrustal and magmatic assemblages, many of juvenile (mantle- A Kröner, Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany R J Stern, University of Texas-Dallas, Richardson derived) origin, with structural and metamorphic his- TX, USA tories that are similar to those in Phanerozoic collision and accretion belts. These belts expose upper to middle O 2005, Elsevier Ltd. All Rights Reserved. crustal levels and contain diagnostic features such as ophiolites, subduction- or collision-related granitoids, lntroduction island-arc or passive continental margin assemblages as well as exotic terranes that permit reconstruction of The term 'Pan-African' was coined by WQ Kennedy in their evolution in Phanerozoic-style plate tectonic scen- 1964 on the basis of an assessment of available Rb-Sr arios. Such belts include the Arabian-Nubian shield of and K-Ar ages in Africa. The Pan-African was inter- Arabia and north-east Africa (Figure 2), the Damara- preted as a tectono-thermal event, some 500 Ma ago, Kaoko-Gariep Belt and Lufilian Arc of south-central during which a number of mobile belts formed, sur- and south-western Africa, the West Congo Belt of rounding older cratons. The concept was then extended Angola and Congo Republic, the Trans-Sahara Belt of to the Gondwana continents (Figure 1) although West Africa, and the Rokelide and Mauretanian belts regional names were proposed such as Brasiliano along the western Part of the West African Craton for South America, Adelaidean for Australia, and (Figure 1). -
“Modern-Type Plate Tectonics”?
SILEIR RA A D B E E G D E A O D L Special Session, “A tribute to Edilton Santos, a leader in Precambrian O E I G C I A Geology in Northeastern Brazil”, edited by A.N. Sial and V.P. Ferreira O BJGEO S DOI: 10.1590/2317-4889202020190095 Brazilian Journal of Geology D ESDE 1946 Dawn of metazoans: to what extent was this influenced by the onset of “modern-type plate tectonics”? Umberto G. Cordani1* , Thomas R. Fairchild1 , Carlos E. Ganade1 , Marly Babinski1 , Juliana de Moraes Leme1 Abstract The appearance of complex megascopic multicellular eukaryotes in the Ediacaran occurred just when the dynamics of a cooling Earth allowed establishment of a new style of global tectonics that continues to the present as “modern-type plate tectonics”. The advent of this style was first registered in 620 Ma-old coesite-bearing Ultra-High Pressure eclogites within the Transbrasiliano-Kandi mega-shear zone along the site of the West Gondwana Orogeny (WGO). These eclogites comprise the oldest evidence of slab-pull deep subduction capable of inducing con- tinental collisions and producing high-relief Himalayan-type mega-mountains. Life, prior to this time, was essentially microscopic. Yet with increasing Neoproterozoic oxygenation and intensified influx of nutrients to Ediacaran oceans, resulting from the erosion of these mountains, complex macroscopic heterotrophic eukaryotes arose and diversified, taking the biosphere to a new evolutionary threshold. The repeated elevation of Himalayan-type mega-mountains ever since then has continued to play a fundamental role in nutrient supply and biosphere evolution. Other authors have alluded to the influence of Gondwana mountain-building upon Ediacaran evolution, however we claim here to have identified when and where it began.