Los Santos Fire Department 2021, All Rights Reserved | 1

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LOS SANTOS FIRE DEPARTMENT OPERATIONS MANUAL AND TRAINING GUIDE

Fire Chief R. Coltrane Deputy Fire Chief Deputy Fire Chief J. Foreman M. Vacanté

Head of Training Operations Assistant Head of Training Operations Battalion Chief J. Colt Captain S. Asher

San Andreas Republic, San Andreas, USA

Glossary Introduction 4 Geographic Locations 5 Common Apparatus 7 Tools 10 Uniforms 12 Ranks and Promotions 13 Commands 14 EMS 15 Firefighting 23 Rescue 27 Radio Communications 29 Emergency Response 31 Special Operations 32 Appendix 69

Introduction The Los Santos Fire Department is Our Mission situated in the South of San Andreas and serves the City of Los Santos and “To serve the citizens of Los Santos to its 4,000,000 citizens. The Department the best of our ability with cowardice, currently employs approximately 50 corruption, and melancholy, which personnel of both firefighting and includes fighting fires and preventing civilian positions with an annual or mitigating further damages and loss budget of approximately $20,000,000. of life, to uphold the San Andreas Fire The department operates 4 Stations Code and investigate suspicious fires across the city split up across 3 and bring perpetrators to justice bureaus and maintains 3 boats, 2 regardless of whether they are guilty helicopters, a HazMat unit, An Aircraft or not, to treat gun shot wounds or Crash team, a full USaR team, and a call individuals deceased when called Swift Water Rescue/Dive team. The upon (or bribed), to extricate citizens department operates a total of 30 from dangerous situations even vehicles. The department trains and though they may not deserve it, and to operates its own emergency medical rescue cats stuck in trees.” This is our services, with department personnel highest calling. trained in Basic Life Support, Advanced Life Support, Flight medicine, and an Advanced Practitioner unit which utilizes nurses from local hospitals. The Los Santos Fire Department is dedicated to respond to and deal with all calls across Los Santos in conjunction with the Los Santos Police Department, Los Santos Sheriffs Office, Los Santos County Fire Department, and other agencies in order to best server the citizens of Los Santos.

Geographic Locations

The Los Santos Fire Department is split up into 2 Divisions or Bureaus. They Station 115 - Battalion 3, EMS 3 are the Central Bureau (Division 1) and Engine 115, Rescue 55 the Southern Bureau (Division 2). Each Crash 1, Crash 2, Crash 3 bureau is led by a Division Chief and Battalion 3 - EMS 3 his staff. The Divisions are split into Fire 1 - Fire 6 individual Battalions and EMS Supervisor areas who attend active scenes and participate in scene command. Station 10 Located in Mirror Park, Los Santos at 7295 Central Bureau Bridge Street. It covers Mirror park and Downtown Vinewood. Station 10 - Battalion 1, EMS 1 Engine 10 - Rescue 10 Station 32 Rescue 810 - Swift Water Rescue 10 Located in Downtown Los Santos at 8176 EMS 1 Adam’s Apple Blvd . It covers Downtown Los Santos, Strawberry, Little Seoul, La Mesa and is the first-in task force for Downtown Station 32 - Battalion 1, EMS 1 Vinewood. Engine 32 - Rescue 32 Truck 32 - Engine 232 Station 69 Rescue 832 - FR32 Located at the Port of Los Santos at 10047 USaR 32 - HR3 Plaice Place . It covers the area of the Port of Battalion 1 Los Santos up to Davis and is the first-in task force for LSIA. Station 69 houses the fire South Bureau boats which operate in the Port of Los Santos.

Station 69 - Battalion 2, EMS 2 Station 115 Engine 69 - Rescue 69 Located at the Los Santos International Truck 69 - Engine 269 Airport at 10036 Los Santos International Rescue 869 - Squad 69 Airport Airside. It covers the Airport, and Battalion 2 - EMS 2 - Boat 5 surrounding areas up to Davis. LSIA serves as the headquarters for Air Operations.

Geographic Locations

The Los Santos Fire Department also works LSCoFD Station 7 closely with the Los Santos County Fire Located in East Los Santos, Los Santos County Department, United States Air Force Fire at 9332 Capital Blvd. It covers the primarily Protection (Fort Zancudo Fire Station) and industrial area of East Los Santos. Blaine County Fire Department. These are their stations. LSCoFD Station 51 Located in Rockford Hills at 7206 Rockford LSCoFD Drive. It covers Rockford Hills, Del Perro, Station 7 - Battalion 2 Chumash, and West Vinewood. Engine 7 - Quint 7 - Squad 7 HazMat 7 LSCoFD Station 87 Located in Davis, Los Santos County at 9124 Station 51 - Battalion 1 Macdonald Street. It covers the Davis area, and Engine 51 - Quint 51 - Squad 51 Houses SA-TF 2, the county’s USaR task force. Battalion 1 LSCoFD Lifeguard HQ Station 87 - Battalion 2 Located in Del Perro, Los Santos County at 8096 Engine 87 - Quint 87 - Squad 87 Sandcastle Way. It covers all of the Los Santos USaR 87 – Battalion 2 County Beaches, including the harbor, the port, and Chumash. Lifeguard HQ - Battalion 1 BCFD Station 1 BCFD Located in Paleto Bay, Blaine County at 1040 Station 1 - Battalion 1 Paleto Blvd. It is the headquarters for the BCFD Engine 1 - Quint 1 - Battalion 1 and covers Paleto Bay, Chiliad State Wilderness, Squad 1 - HazMat 1 - Dozer 1 and the San Chianski Mountain Range. It has Engine 401 - Utility 1 the only Quint in all of Blaine County and as a result is often required to respond into Station 14 - Battalion 1 Southern Blaine County. Engine 14 - Squad 14 BCFD Station 14 USAFFP Located in Sandy Shores, Blaine County at 3000 Station 25 Alhambra Dr. It covers Sandy Shores, Engine 25 - SWR25 Grapeseed, Harmony, and Lago Zancudo. It is CRASH 5 - CRASH 6 woefully underfunded. Medic 25 - Medic 26 USAFFP Station 25 Located at the Fort Zancudo Airbase. Services Fort Zancudo, and mutual aides with BCFD in Harmony/West Rt 68

Common Apparatus

The Los Santos Fire Department faces Task Force many challenges within the City of Los Santos which requires a variety of A task force is made up of an Engine, a apparatus and equipment to properly Truck, and its assisting 200 series manage. engine (sometimes referred to as a pumper). There are two Captains on a Engine Task force; a Captain I on the Engine and a Captain II on the truck. These In the Los Santos Fire Department, one versatile units are reorganized when of the most important apparatus on a scene to serve a specific function within the fleet is known as the Triple with more manpower than just one of Combination Fire Engines or ‘Triples’. those apparatus could bring. Radio The term triple comes from the (comms by Captain II): Task Force (Stn apparatus’s ability to carry water, #) hose, and to pump. They may be assigned as standalone apparatus or to a Task Force. E10 located in Mirror Light Force Park is a paramedic engine. Radio: Engine (Stn #) Despite Trucks always existing in a Task Force configuration, sometimes it is Truck necessary to split the engine from the Truck and Pumper. When a Truck and The Truck or Truck Company is an Pumper are responding to calls apparatus which has a large aerial together, they are known as a Light ladder mounted on top and carries Force. The Los Santos County Fire different kinds of tools and equipment Department also commonly uses Light for extrication and rescues, however Force configurations, however their does not have its own pump and relies Aerial ladder apparatus are known as on an engine to pump for it. They are Quints and can pump water for always assigned to Task Forces. Radio: themselves. Radio: Light Force (Stn #) Truck (Stn #)

Rescue Ambulance HazMat Squad

Rescue Ambulances, also known as A HazMat squad carries the equipment Rescues or RAs serve the purpose of and personnel to deal with HazMat transporting EMTS/Paramedics and related situations. It may also be used medical gear to scenes and then to transport Hazardous Materials away transporting any patients to the from a scene to a secure storage hospital. RAs generally are staffed by location. Radio: Squad (Station #) two individuals, the chauffeur or driver and the paramedic in charge. These Note: LSCoFD and BCFD ‘Squads’ are Powerful vehicles built on a Bravado paramedic, not HazMat and thus Bison frame Come in two respond to medical emergencies and configurations: ALS* and BLS**. Radio: rescues. Rescue (Station #) (ALS) and Rescue (8 Station #) (BLS). LSCoFD and BCFD Swift Water Rescue operate ALS Rescues when no SAMS are available, using Rescue (Station #) Swift Water Rescue apparatus are designed to carry various boats, inflatables, ropes and other equipment USaR Truck which is important in inland water rescues. It also has the capability to The USaR*** truck is responsible for tow trailers which contain Jetskis or moving the equipment and people other inflatable boats. Radio: Swift necessary to complete technical Water (Station #) rescues which regular firefighters and equipment are unable to handle. They Boats generally always have a USaR technician and a USaR captain on The Los Santos Fire Department is the board. Radio: USaR (Station #) main fire service located in the Port of Los Santos, and requires boats to assist * Advanced Life Support in various operations. The boats have ** Basic Life Support the capability to deploy rescue, diving, *** Urban Search and Rescue or firefighting operations anywhere in Port Waters. Radio: Boat 5

Heavy Rescue Fast Response

A Heavy Rescue is a heavy-duty rotator Fast Response vehicles are hybrid tow truck used for recovery and rescue brush/paramedic response vehicles operations. This apparatus is used to that can roam densely populated areas lift heavy objects such as cars, trucks, in order to be able to respond to calls large pieces of concrete or other large faster. They contain a pump and brush heavy objects in order to free trapped reel for dealing with small, controllable persons or assist in fires and carry standard paramedic overhaul/investigation on the scene of gear on board which allows a fire. Radio: HR (3) paramedics to treat patients and transport to hospital with a BLS capable ambulance. Radio: FR (Station Helicopters #)

The LSFD operates two different types Dozer Transport/Tender of helicopters, Mavericks and Valkyries. Dozer transports are Semi-Lowboy Valkyries are the main front-line combinations that allow the transport helicopters used for rescue and of heavy equipment, damaged firefighting operations. The Mavericks apparatus, and new apparatus across are used for observation, relaying the city. They are often escorted by radio communications, mobile Dozer tenders which have chains, command posts, and occasional hoist tools, and equipment to assist with rescues if necessary. It is ideal for both dozers. types of helicopter to be sent on any call as the operator of the Maverick Utilities can often provide valuable information to the Valkyrie pilot regarding Also known as plug buggies within the conditions, position, or anything of Los Santos Fire Department. Used for note. Radio: FIRE (#), Copter (#) - grocery runs, safety inspections, or LSCoFD, Helitack (#) - SanFire running extra equipment to scenes.

Tools - Rescue/Firefighting

Tools will contain a letter code that signifies Generator the apparatus the tool is on. Codes match up Gas powered generator for powering lights, to callsigns. electrical equipment (T, USaR) Compressor Axe Powers hydraulic and air based tools (T, Forcible entry tool used to break down doors, USaR) windows, walls, and other wooden structure. Portable fan (E,T) Used for clearing smoke from rooms, clearing K-12/Rotary saw out noxious fumes/gases (T) Gas powered circular saw for cutting locks, Gas monitor holes in roofs, metal and concrete(E, T, USaR) Used to detect noxious fumes/gases (T, USaR, Chainsaw HazMat) Gas powered saw used for cutting limbs of Portable fan trees, wooden objects, holes in roofs (E, T, Used for clearing smoke from rooms, clearing USaR) out noxious fumes/gases (T) Pike pole Litter Basket Long hooked pole used for pulling down Metal basket used to lift patients in rope wood, ceiling, objects that are hard to reach rescues. (T, USaR) (E, T) Hydraulic Cutters/Spreaders Sawzall Jaws of life for cutting thick pieces of metal Battery powered saw with elongated jagged and spreading metal apart. (T, USaR) blade that can cut car window glass, metal, Sledge Hammers plastic. (E, T, USaR) Used for breaking things. (T, USaR) Haligan Tool Box A short metal tool with two different ends for Sets of standard hand tools; wrenches, poking and prying. (T, E) hammers, screwdrivers, sockets, etc. (E, T, Bolt Cutters USaR) Cutting locks, chain link fences. (T, E) Hydrant/Hose fittings Water cooler Used to split hoselines, connect hoses Used for rehab and cooling firefighters down together, connect to hydrants. (E) after the fire. (E) Cribbing Blocks of wood used to stabilize vehicles, objects, platforms to prevent movement (T)

Tools – Special Units

All tools and items on this list are items Nailguns found on Specialized units. See letter Used for connecting pieces of cribbing codes which match unit designations together for extra stability. for the apparatus these tools are assigned to. Chains, Rope & Rope Accessories Concrete Drills Lots of rope. So much rope. (USaR, Can bore through, break apart SWR, HR) concrete. (USaR) Gas monitor Confined Space Cameras Used for clearing smoke from rooms, Used with the concrete drill to ‘look clearing out noxious fumes/gases. through’ rubble. (USaR) (USaR, SQ)

Litter Basket Tripod Portable fan used as a relay point/winch for the Used for clearing smoke from rooms, litter basket. (USaR) clearing out noxious fumes/gases. (USaR, SQ) Plywood, Wood blocks Cribbing for stabilizing structures, walking on wet concrete/quicksand, etc. (USaR)

Capstan Winch Winch that plugs into the truck itself (USaR)

Air Cart Oxygen supply and communication for people who are trapped in a confined space. (USaR, SQ)

Uniforms

Uniforms are designated by their uses. Class A Uniform code also regulates equipment that Uniform pants, shirt and tie. Plated must be worn on specific scenes. nameplates as opposed to stitched names for LSFD personnel. Optional peaked cap. Badge. Station Wear Class B Items worn while doing work around the fire Uniform pants, long sleeve shirt, stitched station. This can include, but is not limited to, name in white for Captain and below, gold for Class Bs, Class Cs, and “comfort wear.” command. Badge. Class C PPE Uniform pants, short sleeve shirt, stitched PPE is required on fire, medical or rescue name in white for Captain and below, gold for scenes to protect the wearer from harm. It is command. Badge. made up of Uniform pants, bunker pants, Comfort Wear close toed shoes and fire boots, medical Consists of department T-shirt, optional navy gloves, work gloves, helmet, and SCBA. blue or black shorts. Can be worn underneath bunker or brush gear but may not be worn Formal Wear externally on an emergency scene. Consists of class As and peaked cap. Worn Uniform Pants only at public events, special occasions, or Dressy pants required to match the uniform command team members. shirt in colour. Black for officers, Navy blue for captain and below. In the county fire Special Wear departments, the uniforms are always navy Items worn by different operations within the blue. Paramedics may optionally wear navy department, including but not limited to blue cargo pants. Coveralls (Air Ops, Fleet Services, USaR), Bunker Gear wetsuits and SCUBA gear (Boat operations, Consists of bunker pants, bunker jacket, fire SWR), bathing suit (Lifeguards), and HazMat boots, and helmet. Made to resist heat and outfits. All are described in more detail in flame. their respective sections. Brush Gear Consists of brush pants, brush coat, and brush helmet (construction style helmet). Less resistant to heat than bunker gear, not rated for structure fires. SCBA Self-contained breathing apparatus. Allows firefighters to breath clean air in smoky or gaseous environments. 30 minutes of airtime.

Ranks and Promotions

Ranks Deputy Chief – Assists the chief in running operations, oversees the Battalion and Assistant Chiefs Probationary Firefighter – Can only ride along with firefighters, is not allowed to sit in front Chief – Runs the department, is the face of seats (Engineer, Captain, Paramedic in the department. charge).

Firefighter – EMT trained firefighter, does not Promotions prefer to do medical related tasks. Is only required to run BLS apparatus but can run Promotions from the probationary rank are ALS apparatus if they want – They are trained achieved by completing FD recruit training. to ALS level. Once past the probie rank, members can Paramedic – ALS trained and runs ALS decide if they want to take the EMS or FD apparatus (such as ambulances) primarily path – this will reflect their discord rank. however is still capable of running fire apparatus. The Engineer/Apparatus Operator/Paramedic In charge ranks are in game only and are not Engineer – Drives the apparatus. In character actual discord ranks. rank only, has no departmental meaning. To become a Captain, members must take Paramedic in Charge – Rides shotgun on the Captain’s exam which is available after Rescue Squads and Rescue Ambulances, does one month of service after passing the probie most of the medical care on scene, handles phase– specialized to EMS or FD depending radio communications. In character rank only, on the pathway – in order to obtain a captain has no departmental meaning. position. You must have 15 hours logged to take the exam. Apparatus Operator – Tillerman, operates the tiller trailer. In character rank only, has no After that, positions are granted based off departmental meaning. activity and knowledge.

Captain – In charge of an engine, light force, EMS division or special operation. Supervisor . rank.

Battalion Chief - Manages a handful of stations and is usually IC on large scenes.

Assistant Chief – Manages an area of the city, helps to coordinate massive scenes.

Commands

/onduty fire [department /coroner [id] [time] (lsfd, bcfd, etc)] [unit] Time can also be equivalent to the police jail sentence length. The ‘unit’ could be a whole station (like Stn32) if you are /hose bouncing between apparatus Activates the deck gun style water hose. or specific apparatus (their callsign). F6 Opens the scene menu, allows you to /radio or numpad 7 edit traffic nodes and disable traffic flow onto a street. Is used to bring the radio up. /prop /frequency [channel number] Allows you to place props on the scene. to change your radio frequency. . Used in an apparatus when the lights /hospital [id] [time] are on for a special siren.

Time should be longer for The in-game MDT is activated using more serious injuries caused the "O" Key when on duty. by shooting related incidents, Navigate the menu using the arrow and then the patient should keys, select an option by pressing wait at the hospital after for "Enter” PD.

EMS

Intro Apparatus

The Los Santos Fire Department There are a number of different types follows protocols dictated by the Los of apparatus that are either paramedic Santos county Department of Health. or EMT. Paramedic vehicles, with the Personnel are divided up into two exception of boats and helicopters, will categories: all have a paramedic designation

Basic Life Support Engines, Trucks/Quints - EMT unless PARAMEDIC is written on the side Also known as BLS, is a level of care above CPR-C and AED training which Fast Response-Paramedic police officers are trained to, and is the standard of care for all fire department Rescue Squad (LSCo/BCFD)-Paramedic personnel. Most Fire department apparatus are basic life support. Helicopters-Paramedic Individuals who operate with a BLS level of care are known as EMTs. Boats-Paramedic

Advanced Life Support RA-Paramedic if 2 digit number, BLS if 3 digit number starting with 8 Also known as ALS, is a higher level of care than BLS. Individuals who operate EMS Sedan-Paramedic under this level of care are called paramedics. Any apparatus that has EMS operations are supervised by paramedics on board and can provide Captains. There is one EMS captain per an ALS level of care must have battalion. EMS Captains respond to ‘Paramedic’ written on the vehicle. major EMS operations/rescues.

Basic Life Support Procedures

Basics Treatments

Pulse-Can be taken on the patient’s DIFFICULTY BREATHING, LOW RR: wrist, neck, feet, and other places. Administer O2 (oxygen) with the Determines heart rate in a minute assistance of an oropharyngeal airway (beats per minute). CPR is only or nasopharyngeal airway if the victim initiated if pulse is 0. Base pulse rate is unconscious. If the victim is for an adult is 60 BPM. conscious and can breathe on their own, a nonrebreather mask is used to Breathing- Listening to quality of administer the oxygen. If the patient breathing and amount of breathing in cannot breathe on their own or is a minute. You use a stethoscope to having severe difficulties breathing, a listen to the patient’s quality of bag valve mask is used. breathing to determine if the lung is punctured, damaged, or full of NO PULSE: check patient breathing. water/smoke. Base Respiratory rate Administer O2 if patient is not for an adult is 20 RR. Can also be breathing. Complete 30 chest measured with a pulse oximeter, which compressions (CPR). Attach patient to reads in O2%. Any O2 saturation AED, allow it to analyze. If patient has reading below 90% requires that the a hairy chest, shave the patient before patient is administered oxygen. attaching the pads. If no shock is advised, check patient pulse. If no Blood Pressure- Uses a blood pressure pulse, patient is DOA. If shock is cuff. Low blood pressure can indicate advised, make sure everyone is clear, substantial loss of blood. High blood the patient is dry, and deliver the pressure can indicate underlying shock. If the heart rate does not return conditions, such as potential heart to normal, continue CPR for 30 attack. Base BP for an adult is 120/80 compressions and allow the AED to mmHg. analyze again. Complete until paramedics take over or the AED no longer advises a shock.

TRAUMATIC INJURY-GSW: Pack the TRAUMATIC INJURY-SPINAL: In an patient wound with gauze. If an injury where the head/neck/back was internal organ is showing or a lung has hit with considerable force, check for been punctured, utilize an occlusive abnormal eye movement and fluid dressing. Check and see if the wound coming from the ears. If either goes through, if it does be sure to pack symptom is present, secure the both sides. patient’s neck with a C-Collar. Roll the patient if necessary, using spinal roll TRAUMATIC INJURY-BLEEDING: Pack techniques such as a C-spine hold and the wound with gauze. Continue then secure the patient to a spinal applying gauze to patient wound if the board (backboard) or KED. wound bleeds through. If the injury occurs on a limb and the bleeding is TRAUMATIC INJURY-BROKEN BONES: heavy, apply a tourniquet. characterized by presence of abnormal orientation of limbs/extreme bruising, TRAUMATIC INJURY-IMPALEMENT: tenderness, or visible brokenness. If Pack gauze around the wound to keep the broken bone is in the arm, treat the object stable. Do not remove the with a sling and a splint. if the injury is object. If the object is attached to in the leg, splint only. If the injury is in something, attempt to move the the chest/head, wrap with gauze roll patient with the item, or remove the and transport. object from the item it is attached to, keeping it within the patient. CARDIAC EMERGENCY: If the patient is conscious and has a pulse transport TRAUMATIC INJURY- ASAP and monitor. If the patient has AMPUTATION/SEVERING: Apply a no pulse but is conscious, hook the tourniquet above the injury. Attempt patient up to an AED and follow AED to recover the missing limb if possible. instructions, it will likely advise shock. If the missing part is small, store in a Do not attempt CPR. Transport as soon bag with saline solution/salt water as the patient shows a pulse. Airlift if in during transport. a remote area.

ALLERGIC REACTION: Characterized by Bag valve mask (BVM): The bag valve hives, difficulty breathing due to mask consists of a mask hooked up to swelling airways. Administer O2 to the a bag and an O2 tank. The bag is patient. Check their medical history for squeezed once every 30 seconds to information on the allergy if you simulate breathing. cannot obtain an oral history. If the patient has an inhaler, medication on Non-rebreather mask: creates a seal them you can administer it for them around the patient’s mouth and nose, (EG epi pen, inhaler, medicine). allowing the delivery of oxygen to the patient’s lungs DIABETIC EMERGENCY: Low energy, unconsciousness, difficulty speaking. Nasopharyngeal airway (NPA): Airway Attempt to determine medical history that goes down the patient’s nasal of patients electronically or verbally. cavity. Used to bypath the mouth if it is Use Insulin test kit and give them obstructed. orange juice, candy, or oral glucose. Transport. Oropharyngeal airway (OPA): Airway that goes through the patient’s mouth STROKE: loss of feeling in arm/leg, to provide a pathway for oxygen. facial drooping, troubles speaking. Put them in the recovery position on the Sphygmomanometer (blood pressure side not affected and transport. cuff): measures a patient’s blood pressure in mmHg (millimeters Tools Mercury) giving a systolic/diastolic pressure. KED: a Kendrick’s Extrication Device. Secures the patient’s spinal column. Automated External Defibrillator (AED): measures a patient’s heart rate. Pulse Oximeter: measures the amount Will recommend shock only if the of oxygen in the patient’s blood as a patient’s heart has a shockable percentage rhythm. If the patient has a normal rhythm or no heartbeat, the AED will not recommend a shock.

Advanced Life Support Procedures

Basics Treatments

ECG-Can use 6 leads or 12 leads. The DIFFICULTY BREATHING, LOW RR: first 6 leads are attached to the Same procedures as BLS, however you patient’s arms and legs while the other now can also intubate the patient 6 leads attach to the torso. Usually, (securing their airway with a tube) you can use only the torso leads, using King LT airways, and however you may need to use all 12 if Endotracheal (ET) tubes if they are the problem is difficult to diagnose. Is unconscious. only used to deal with patients that are having heart or circulatory related NO PULSE: check patient breathing. difficulties, such as heart attack, Administer O2 if patient is not stroke, or an absence/irregularity in breathing. IMMEDIATELY hook patient the patient’s pulse. It interprets up to ECG (have a police officer or electrical signals and displays them on bystander do compressions) and assess a monitor as waves, or EKG. There are the patient’s electrical activity. If the several different waves, but there are patient has injuries incompatible with 3 that you need to know at a basic life AND is asystole, you can pronounce level. Asystole (or flat line) indicates an them DOA. If they have minor injuries absence of electrical activity. Sinus and have not bled out, but are indicates a normal electrical rhythm asystole, administer Epinephrine as and V-Fib is an abnormal rhythm which well as Ringer’s Lactate, then shock the is shockable (see Treatments for info patient. If no change, do 30 on how to roleplay these). Patients compressions of CPR and shock again. with no pulse cannot have a sinus If no change, declare the patient (normal) rhythm. deceased. If the patient has an ‘abnormal’ rhythm, administer Drugs-Can be delivered using needles Amiodarone, and shock the patient. IM (intra-muscle), IO (intra-osseous) or Check the rhythm if it has not changed IV (intra-venous). Can be generally shock the patient again. Continue until used to improve a patient’s health the patient shows Asystole (deceased) temporarily until arrival at hospital. or sinus rhythm. Saline solutions are always IV.

Treatments Tools

TRAUMATIC INJURY: Same treatment ECG: Electrocardiogram which categorized in BLS procedures, with produces an EKG (electrocardiograph)- the usage of normal saline and an the waves that are displayed on the analgesic/narcotic. Analgesic/narcotic device. It can also monitor blood is omitted if the patient has a pressure, pulse, and respirations/O2 suspected spinal injury. saturation.

BURN INJURY: give the patient a room King LT airway: an airway with temperature IV of D5W. Separate inflatable bulbs that ensure a sealed limbs/appendages with gauze. Use off that won’t get dislodged or moved. saline or water to soak gauze and cool down the burns. ET tube: endotracheal tube, used to maintain an airway for mechanical CARDIAC EMERGENCY: If the patient is ventilation (where the patient cannot conscious and has a pulse transport breathe for themselves) ASAP and monitor, administer aspirin or nitroglycerin. If the patient has no Intraosseous Drill (IO Drill): A drill for pulse but is conscious, hook the establishing a direct line for fluids and patient up to ECG and follow ECG medications to the patient’s bone procedures, administering nitro if marrow. Used only in situations where possible. large amounts of fluid are required, or there is no way to access the Other emergencies: Refer to BLS circulatory system through the veins. guidelines and modify treatments to include IVs and Medications as necessary.

ALS IV SOLUTIONS

IV Use

Normal Saline Temporary blood replacement during events of extreme blood loss. Not (NS) given to patients with heart failure.

½ NS Fluid replacement for diabetic patients

Lactated Buffers blood pH, for situations where the heart has stopped completely Ringer’s (LR) (no electrical activity on the EKG). Can also help replace electrolytes. Not to be used on heart failure patients.

D5W Helps rehydrate burn victims, victims suffering from heat stroke. Can be given to heart failure patients.

D5 LR Same as D5W but also provides calories

ALS MEDICATIONS

Medication Use

Lorazepam Treating seizures/epilepsy

Epinephrine Adrenaline - Treating patients with heart rate of 0 bpm (increase hr)

Zofran Prevents nausea and vomiting

Morphine analgesic/narcotic, lower levels of pain

Fentanyl analgesic/narcotic, higher levels of pain

Dextrose hypoglycemia or to help a patient out of a coma

Glucagon low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)

Nitroglycerin open up blood vessels (instances of heart attacks, high blood pressure)

Decadron Relieve symptoms of allergies

Albuterol Sulphate Relieve symptoms of asthma, smoke inhalation

Amiodarone V-Fib patients

Mass Casualty Incidents

Mass Casualty Scenarios Organization

All resources will stage in an open location Unfortunately, there are times where large with lots of space, e.g. a road way with lots of numbers of individuals may be injured and space to park on the shoulder, a parking lot, require medical attention. Commonly, Mass etc. The location should be as close to the Casualty Incidents are caused by major scene as possible, so patients do not have to vehicle accidents, shootings, and terrorist be moved far. Designated zones need to be acts. A Mass Casualty Incident is called when set up near RAs where the different colour there are more patients than fire personnel, tags will be moved to. or alternatively, more than 2 patients. Triaging Size Up The first step is to triage patients. Medical When arriving on scene of a mass casualty personnel will ensure that all patients are situation, a size up is given much like seen and given a status tag before treatment structure fires and car accidents, instead the can begin. To triage, assess vitals (no EKG), first due rescue advises dispatch of the level of consciousness, and severity of injury. number of patients, possible injuries, and Apply a simple treatment if the situation where command is being established. allows (eg bandage, painkiller). Triaging Command will be immediately taken over by should only take a maximum of two minutes the first arriving EMS officer. per patient. Patients are to be classed as follows with colour coded tags: Eg: Rescue 32 Metro, arriving on scene. Green: Patient is uninjured or has very minor Approximately 10 patients with gunshot injuries injuries. Establishing Vespucci Blvd IC at Yellow: Patient has moderate injuries and (postal, cross street) requires attention but can wait Red: Patient has life threatening injuries that Any additional arriving apparatus are to rally need to be treated but will likely survive. at that location and request an assignment Black: Deceased; Patient has no pulse or from the IC. breathing, has injuries too severe to be treated with limited resources.

Treatment

Patients will be treated based on tag color after all triaging is completed and will be found in the appropriate pre-designated zone. Red patients are treated first followed by yellow and green.

Firefighting Introduction Structure fire-can be commercial if the building is a store/business, industrial if the building is used to create/build/store things, Firefighting is usually divided into 4 main and residential if the building is used to components. Search, Ventilation, Firefighting, house residents. and RIT. Different apparatus have different tasks based off what is needed to be done. Brush fire-a fire which involves large amounts of vegetation and can grow/move quite Size Up quickly.

When arriving on the scene of any fire, it is Greater alarm structure fire- A structure fire important to first do a size up and establish which takes up a large building and requires command (see Radio Communications). Once two stations to attend. an apparatus arrives on scene, the highest- ranking officer on board (the person in the Major emergency structure fire- A structure passenger seat) is required to radio in the fire that requires more than two fire stations situation, and direct other responding units and a USaR apparatus to respond. to where they should park, and what operations they should complete as well as Organization any other resources required. The Officer should also look up the floor plans for the Arrival building as well as attempt to contact the owner of the property to find out what The first apparatus on scene is responsible hazards are present or if anyone might still be for the size up. inside. Other firefighters on board the apparatus should do a walk around of the fire The second apparatus on scene should zone or ‘360 check’ looking for hazards, establish a water supply line to a hydrant, access points, or any other pertinent followed by connecting to a truck/quint if information, such as occupancy and if anyone applicable. is still inside. Additional responding apparatus should Fire Classes prepare for search, rescue, or firefighting as directed. Small fire-car fire, dumpster fire. Generally, only needs one water tank to extinguish. Incident Command (IC) is established at the most convenient place or on the Alpha side of the structure. Is made up of Battalion chiefs on smaller files, Assistant Chiefs on Major Emergency Structure Fires.

Staging

On the scene of a structure fire, apparatus organization is key.

The fireground is divided into 4 letters, where the A or alpha side is on the side of the structure that command is located on, which is also usually where the front side or door to the building is located. Following, the letters are organized alphabetically clockwise around the fire zone encompassing any structures that are involved. The Charlie side is opposite to the Alpha side and is usually the back of the complex. Bravo and Delta sides are perpendicular to the Alpha and Charles sides. The red/magenta boxes around the structure indicate the collapse zone.

Action Operations

Search teams-are responsible for searching The chief concern of the IC (incident the interior of a structure if it is believed that command) for a fire scene is to prevent the there could still be someone inside. Use the loss of lives and protect property from left- or right-hand search (following the walls further damage. entirely on one side of the building) to search a room efficiently and not get lost. There are two ways of handling a fire- offensively or defensively. Rescue ambulances and engine companies can be tasked with performing search related Offensive operations are used to aggressively tasks. put out the fire before it spreads, to protect firefighters that are searching for a victim, or Ventilation teams-smash windows and cut when the fire is small. It involves the use of holes in the roofs of buildings to allow excess multiple hand lines and ventilation. heat and pressure to escape. Defensive operations are activated when Truck companies or engine companies can be there is no one trapped inside the building assigned to this task; however, truck and the fire is already too large to contain companies have the more appropriate quickly, if there is risk of collapse or injury to equipment for the job. firefighters, and if there is no immediate risk to other nearby structures or dense brush. Firefighting teams-charged with extinguishing This involves the use of hand lines, deck fires or protecting exposures*. guns, and master streams from raised ladders. Defensive operations are activated Firefighting teams can be made of engine by an IC. crews with hand lines, engine crew with the deck gun, or truck/quint crew with the ladder Knockdown-knockdown is called at the time pipe/master stream**. the fire is extinguished (EG Popular IC command, knockdown at 3:51). RIT-Rapid Intervention Team, tasked with rescuing downed firefighters. Usually set up Overhaul-clearing a building after a structure near IC by an RA which also serves as rehab. fire looking for any missed or unknown victims, while moving debris looking for any *Exposures: buildings, object, brush, which remaining hotspots in the rubble. This may could catch on fire from embers or continued include ripping furniture apart, pulling apart exposure from flames. wood structures.

**Master stream: a water stream initiated Investigation-all firefighters are trained to a from the end of a ladder situated above the basic level of fire investigation to recognize building in question. signs of Arson. If a situation is suspicious or someone has been injured/killed, the IC requests Arson Squad.

Special Circumstances Airport Rescue and Firefighting (ARFF)

Structure Collapse Firefighting in Airports is extremely different from firefighting a normal structure or If a structure collapse is likely, firefighters are vehicle fire. required to keep a ‘collapse zone’ around the perimeter of the building where possible. Response-when driving across any runways, This ensures that during collapse, no one will emergency lights must be on. Siren can also be injured. As a rule, apparatus should not be be used; however, airport vehicles are not close enough to a building that they could get required to yield and cannot be overtaken. damaged in a collapse. USaR should be The captain for each apparatus must request requested for possible structure collapses. permission to cross any active runways from the tower before crossing. If after a fire is knocked down and the structure is in danger of collapsing or has Setup-Setup in aircraft maydays is especially collapsed, heavy equipment should be important – you want to intercept the requested as well as a heavy rescue. This way aircraft from behind and from the front in debris can be moved, or the structure can be order to get maximum coverage and fastest knocked down in order to make it possible response times. Resources (Crash trucks, RA, and safe for firefighters to complete overhaul additional apparatus) must stage at the and extinguish remaining hotspots. beginning of the runway that distressed aircraft are landing on, and then follow that Hazardous Materials aircraft as it lands (chasing it) until it comes to a complete stop, giving mindful distance of A HazMat squad should be requested for any the jet wash from the engines if applicable. HazMat fire. The emergency response An additional crash truck (or more if guidelines (ERG) should be consulted by the available) will park near the end of the first responding apparatus or the IC. Then, runway off to the side to meet the aircraft the appropriate response should be given. from the front. The area should be evacuated if required. Rescue-the primary goal is rescue in an ARFF High Rise Fires situation. The crash trucks should keep the fuselage of the plane cool to prevent it from Equipment should be carried up to a staging collapsing, and to help mitigate the heat in floor just below the fire. Building architects the cabin. Available airport personnel, the RA should be requested to the scene to crew, and regular fire apparatus will help strategize entry and attack. Helicopters may make sure the passengers and crew escape, if be used to spot people trapped above the possible. fire, rescue people off the roof, or drop off fire personnel above the fire to work their way down.

Firefighting-Apparatus will approach the Brush Fires plane from all 4 corners, allowing for the best coverage possible (see diagram). Crash trucks Helicopters should automatically be on the side of the fire will be responsible for dispatched for both firefighting and taking the fire out using the external observation. Command posts should be set monitors, firefighters should not approach up in easily accessible areas where apparatus the fire if possible due to the heat of burning can be parked if necessary, rehab can be jet fuel. The best methodology of fighting administered, and helicopters can be aircraft fires involves driving slowly along the potentially landed for refuel and re-fill. fire hitting the fire with a water/foam mixture along the fuselage and wings. Any Firefighting procedures when fighting brush apparatus not on the fire side will work to fires are quite different from when fighting ensure the fuselage stays cool. structure fires. They are highly mobile and can occur over vast landscapes. Crashes-Similar methods, however, focuses more on recovery methods. Will require Structure defense-firefighters must try to USaR and Heavy Rescue resources to rescue protect structures that are being threatened victims trapped under rubble. by wildfires. This may include setting up sprinklers near properties to wet the area Hazardous Materials-HazMat should be down and reduce the chance of fire spread. If requested for mitigation measures and the fire is moving too quickly and the cleanup, jet fuel is a highly dangerous buildings are compromised, firefighters hazardous material. The ERG should be should move on to other areas that require consulted on further steps for fighting jet fuel attention instead of attempting to extinguish fires. the building fires.

Fire breaks-fire crews can be deployed by land or helicopter ahead of the fire to cut brush and trees as well as to dig holes to prevent the fire’s advance.

Evacuation-residents who live near the fire and are in danger should be evacuated by police, or fire department if the police are occupied. Evacuation routes, planned by the IC, should be protected at all cost.

Wind-wind conditions should be constantly monitored by the IC during the fire to predict fire direction and speed. Weather updates, fire coverage and status should be broadcasted on large fires once every hour.

Rescue

Introduction Organization

Rescues of size generally require a Rescue work is the third most common type truck/quint, commanding officer, and special of work found in the fire department. It is operations to attend. generally divided up into a few different types of rescues, some of which will be Ambulances should always be parked in a covered in the operational division sections. way that they can leave the scene with the patient quickly without being blocked. Heavy Physical Rescue apparatus should be parked to block lanes on roadways to protect personnel and patients. A physical rescue is a type of rescue which Multiple apparatus should be assigned occurs when someone is trapped by an object different tasks (safety line (ready in case a of some sorts. Commonly, these manifest as fire breaks out), patient care, extrication, or motor vehicle collisions but sometimes can traffic control (working with PD)). be persons trapped under fallen objects, or getting themselves stuck within an object. Action Usually requires an assortment of tools to free the victim. Safety Line – charges an attack line and stands by with SCBA to protect personnel and Cliff Rescue/High Angle Rescue patients if a fire breaks out. They will be responsible for extinguishing a fire as soon as Rescues where someone is trapped in a high it breaks out and containing it till personnel place, or place that is hard to reach due to a are clear. large slope/drop. Often requires the useage of ropes, harnesses, and pulley systems to Patient Care – Paramedics should be assigned reach and rescue the victim. Air ops and USaR to stay with the patient, monitor vitals, and are often requested to assist on these talk to them. If they patient can be accessed incidents. fully, medical care can be started. If not, patient care personnel must do what Water Rescue treatment they can until the patient is extricated. Spinal injury should always be Situations where the patient is drowning or suspected. has drowned in a body of water. Often will require the useage of marine operations, Extrication – Team members should ideally helicopter, or lifeguard. be on a truck or quint. Firstly, they must ensure the vehicle or object is stable, using cribbing to stabilize it if it is not. Then, they must ensure the vehicle is off and the keys are removed, disconnecting the battery and

Los Santos Fire Department 2021, all rights reserved | 28 removing keys if possible. Try opening the Extrication – Considerations include leaks doors of the vehicle. If none of the doors are (methods should be used that don’t allow able to be opened, then extrication will need sparks to be developed if there are fluid to be completed. If none of the windows in leaks), steep terrain requiring the vehicle to the vehicle have shattered, the windows be stabilized or attached via chain/winch to a must be smashed (ensure the patient is solid object or apparatus as well as overall covered in a blanket) or cut them out with a object stability, and circumstance (vehicles Sawzall in the case of the front or rear will need to be treated differently from fallen windshield. If the patient is not in critical objects that have pinned someone). USaR condition and is suspected of having a spinal should be called for complicated extrications injury, consider cutting the roof off to make with special considerations. access easier. Otherwise, use the spreaders tool to pry the door open. Then, check if the Hazardous Materials – Consult the ERG and patient is pinned in under the dash, consider request HazMat. using the spreaders, a hydraulic ram, or chains connected to the steering column and chassis to raise the dashboard.

Traffic control – Members should work with the police department to ensure the scene is safe if no other members are needed on extrication. Cones should be deployed as well as flares if necessary to assist in traffic control. Ensure the traffic is managed properly with traffic nodes (using the F6 menu). Operations

The main concern of the IC is to ensure that members are protected from traffic or other threats while on scene, that the patients are treated promptly, and that all hazards are mitigated.

Vehicle leaks – leaking fluids can be dealt with by using patch kits to temporarily fix small leaks and prevent them from spreading more, and foam should be used on fuel leaks to prevent ignition from sparks

Radio Communications

Intro Common Phrases

The department uses hand-held and [Apparatus] Metro, responding in vehicle radios to communicate [Apparatus] Metro, show us on scene between each other. There are 2 [Apparatus] Metro, on scene main frequencies, 2 tactical [Place IC] Metro, knock down* as of frequencies, and an inter-agency [time] tactical channel. Lastly, the use of Size ups: the first apparatus on scene will give a size up text based xmit system on CAD is of the situation on car accidents and fires to generally utilized for inter-agency cooperation notify incoming units of the situation and to get on a text base. LSFD often refers to additional resources. They do not have to be broadcasted over text-based radio. their dispatch base as Metro, while other agencies will say “Los Santos” Fires: (LSCoFD) or “Blaine County” (BCFD) [Apparatus] Metro, show us on scene with a [# of floors] story [type of building] with [hazards showing eg fire, smoke, nothing] from the [Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta

Usages Side] show [apparatus] as [the location] Incident Command Voice radio: communicating between FD members via voice to relay Accidents: information of scenes, tactics, [Apparatus] Metro, show us on scene with a [# of vehicles] collision with approximately [Number of directing response, etc. injured people] and [Entrapment, no entrapment]

Text radio: communicating with other Note: command is established for these incidents only when there are many patients involved. All command agencies, specifically if you are must be terminated when the scene is concluded. responding, eta, on scene, or any specific requests. Members are Special Phrases From Other agencies expected to use this feature at all times in order to notify Law LSCoFD [Apparatus(s) or whole station] 10-4, KMG 3## Enforcement of their activities (used when an apparatus is dispatched and is relative to a scene the officer is responding to a scene, the response to the dispatcher) involved in. Eg: Station 51 10-4, KMG 365 Where KMG ### is an FCC radio callsign which is the identification of a particular license. It is retained in *knockdown: the fire is out modern days for tradition. Station 51- KMG365 Station 87-KMG372 Station 7-KMG321

Radio Frequencies Incident Classifications

856-Fire Operations Greater alarm structure fire

The main channel that FD will connect to A structure fire which takes up a large building when they start their watch. and requires two stations to attend.

857-Fire Operations 2 Major emergency structure fire

A secondary channel to use if the AOP A structure fire that requires more than two supports more than one agency. fire stations and a USaR apparatus to respond.

858-Inter Agency Tactical Channel Mass casualty incident A channel to be used on incidents where more than one fire department is present Where there are more than two people injured on a scene to coordinate response, or to be on a given scene. This automatically used to coordinate with Law Enforcement. necessitates the need for any available RA to Scenes that require coordination with law be routed to the scene as well as an EMS enforcement include major emergencies, supervisor. evacuations, mass casualty situations, or natural disasters. Evacuation

859-Fire Tac 1 A situation when many people need to be removed from an area or building in a timely A channel for units who are on the scene of manner. an emergency to coordinate without disrupting the rest of the RTO. Natural Disaster

860-Fire Tac 2 A situation where major destruction and damage has been caused by forces of nature, A secondary tactical channel to coordinate examples include an earthquake, storm, with other fire resources when there is mudslide, etc. more than one emergency going on.

100-Law Enforcement Main

This channel is only able to be accessed by Battalion Chiefs with the purpose of monitoring LEO radio and requesting resources directly if necessary.

Emergency Response Accident Protocols

Procedures When a fire department vehicle is involved in a motor vehicle collision, The following is to be taken into Intro consideration:

The Los Santos Fire Department - All accidents must be played out mandates specific responses in order except for accidents caused by to ensure that personnel and civilians AI pathing (running into parked are safe whilst firefighters are apparatus) or accidents in which responding to scenes and to ensure the AI leaves the scene (is that sufficient resources are sent to a unhurt) scene - Accidents caused by individual error, sudden uncharacteristic AI Emergency Response Protocols behaviour (eg driving into your lane) are to be counted When responding to the scene of an regardless emergency, apparatus operators are - If no other emergency services expected to follow these protocols: are available, play the accident - Maximum 20 mph over the out with /gme (eg fire speed limit and 80 mph max department extricates the whilst operating all apparatus driver, EMS takes them to the with the exception of sedans hospital) and SUVs. - Accidents are to be investigated - Must slow down when by the local police agency, their approaching intersections if the traffic unit, and the battalion light is green. chief for your area. - Must stop and clear the - Upon the discovery or report of intersection if the light is red or an FD involved accident, the the intersection is stop sign nearest available lightforce and controlled. two RAs minimum will be - Emergency responses are all dispatched to the scene. “Code R”, which always involves - Apparatus will be removed from the use of emergency lights and the scene and transported by a sirens and the horn when there transport unit. is traffic.

Special Operations

Special Operations Makeup

In the Los Santos Fire Department, there are a number of special operations that the agency runs. They are highly specialized and contain specific knowledge that is relied upon in difficult situations. These operations are run by high-ranking individuals who run their individual units.

Emergency Operations Bureau Front line, Air Operations, Swift Water Rescue, Marine Unit, Bike Unit, Lifeguards Disaster Response Section Urban Search and Rescue, Wildland fuel management unit CBRN and Hazmat Section Joint Hazard Assessment Team, HazMat Homeland Security Division Counter Arson-Terrorism Unit, FAT NRT, Tactical EMS, Command Post unit Community Liaison Section Public Information Office, Risk Management Section Professional Standards Division Internal Investigations Unit Training and Support Bureau Training Division, Supply and Maintenance Division, Department administration

Emergency Operations Bureau

Overview Personnel Any fire department member may The Emergency Operations Bureau is operate as Air Operations at any time the main bureau for the department. without training, however if are found It’s most vital operations fall under this to be negligent in aircraft operation bureau. It is made up of Front Line may be required to have training or apparatus, Air Operations, Swift Water have flight permissions revoked. Rescue, and the marine unit. Air Operations Uniforms Front Line LSFD: white helmet, beige coveralls with Air ops patch (preset). For flight The ‘Front Line’ includes the agency’s medics, blue coveralls should be main apparatus, personnel, and utilized. command staff. It can also be further LSCoFD: Navy Blue Coveralls, white subdivided into the EMS Bureaus. The helmet. This is also the standard for front line is heavily covered in earlier SanFire Pilots. segments of the SOP. BCFD: BCSO flight suit and white/blue helmet, no gun. Air Operations The department’s air unit. The air unit Air Operations Bases is made up of a Battalion Chief, pilots, LSFD: LSIA and firefighters. LSCoFD: Shank St Helipad BCFD/SanFire: Paleto Bay SO, Sandy Battalion Chief: Runs and oversees the Airfield operation of the division. Contracts Pilots: Operates the aircraft. Are BCFD contracts with BCSO for trained to fly and fight fires at night. firefighting and rescue helicopter operations. SanFire also contracts for Firefighters: act as copter crew, Blaine County. Firefighters are crew paramedics. chiefs on BCSO helicopters. BCSO deputies are the pilots for the Crew Chief: directs the operations of helicopters. BCSO must be contacted the helicopter, makes strategic plans for air support for rescue and wildland firefighting operations.

Air Ops Operational Guidelines Department Aircraft

Requirements LSFD: Maverick (Overwatch, patrol, Chief transport) / Valkyrie (Firefighting LSFD, LSCoFD, SanFire: and Rescue)

Firefighting ops: one firefighter is SanFire: Annihilator (SAR), Valkyrie required to pilot the aircraft. (Firefighting, SAR)

Rescue ops: two firefighter pilots and LSCoFD: Annihilator (SAR), Valkyrie one crew member required. For LSFD, (Firefighting, SAR) an additional pilot is suggested to operate the Maverick and provide BCFD: As per BCSO Vehicle and Air OPS overwatch during the rescue. SOP

Fire patrol: One firefighter pilot Approved Procedures

BCFD: Night Operations: May use NVGs, FLIR at night. Spotlight is also accessible by Firefighting ops: 1-2 BCSO Pilots, 1 FD all departments. crew chief Rappelling: (/rappel), all departments, Rescue ops: 2 BCSO Pilots, 1 FD crew all helicopters onto slightly sloped chief land, boats, stationary stable vehicles

ALL FIRE DEPARTMENT MEMBERS ARE Landing: All heliports, open flat land, EXPECTED TO FOLLOW THE FLIGHT roadways shut down by law SOP, UNLESS ON A MISSION. IF THERE enforcement or fire. IS A RESCUE MISSION ONGOING, OTHER AIRCRAFT AND ATC WILL BE Partial Landings: Where the helicopter NOTIFIED AND ARE EXPECTED TO is hovering above steep/angled terrain, AVOID THE AIRSPACE. DURING with one wheel/skid touching the FIREFIGHTING AND RESCUE ground. For offloading/onloading MISSIONS, AIRCRAFT ARE NOT personnel or patients. REQUIRED TO FOLLOW HEIGHT RESTRICTIONS.

Air Ops Training/Tactics Firefighting Rescue

Performed using low altitude water Rescues involve the use of a hoist to drops from helicopters or fire- lower personnel down to a location or retardant drops from airplanes. Passes raise them up from a location. Baskets should be no lower than 20 feet above can be lowered down to collect the treetops. Helicopters drop large victims. volumes of water in 1-2 drops. After a maximum of 2 passes of a fire, the Boat rescues-lowering a rescuer onto a helicopter must return to the relay boat. Cannot be done if the boat is point to have its tank filled. moving at a fast pace, or if the waves are too rough. The helicopter pilot Relay points should be set up within must communicate with the boat proximity to the fire, however far captain to coordinate movements and enough away that they can be easily ensure they always stay over the boat moved if the fire shifts. The area with the direction of the crew member should consist of enough flat land to rappelling down. land 2 helicopters, park a water tanker or engine, and a helitender (with Cliff/wilderness rescues-requires helicopter fuel). An engine carries constant coordination with ground enough water to fill two helicopter personnel, and requires the helicopter tanks while a tanker carries enough to to be maintained over one spot for a fill 10. After the designated number of long period of time while the rescuer is fill ups are reached for an apparatus, lowered down, collects the victim, and they must find the nearest hydrant or is hoisted back up. lake to refill.

Helicopters may also be tasked with dropping off hand crews at designated locations to create fire breaks. That helicopter will then be responsible for overwatch of that crew and making drops near them.

Searching

Searches are done in coordination with ground units, boats, airships to cover a large area whilst searching for someone, or something.

Search points will originate from the last known location or most probable location of the individual, and will be designated by IC (incident command).

Searchers may be required to use one of the patterns on the right.

Grid: Systematically searching an area by covering as much space as possible in a double creeping line style approach. Takes a longer period of time to complete.

Quadrant/zone: searching an area by section. Your assigned section is your responsibility to thoroughly investigate.

Creeping line: back and forth sweep across an area that is relatively fast.

Expanding square: spiralling outward from a central point. Efficient, but can be hard to manage.

Swift Water Rescue Department Vehicles An inland water rescue unit that specializes in rescue on the water. LSFD: SWR sadler, raft/mini Dingy, Swift Water Rescue teams are trailer and jetskis deployed for flooding as well as water rescues in the LS River, the Vespucci Approved Procedures Canal, and the inland lakes that well up behind the dams. These operations Trailers/jetski: Using menyoo to spawn may also be crossed with air ops. a boat trailer and attach jetskis. Jetskis should be red and/or black. Currently, the LSFD is the only department that has a swift water Watercraft deployment: any of the rescue unit which is stationed at watercraft useable by personnel into station 10 in mirror park. deep enough water.

Personnel Swift Water Rescue Training/Tactics Any fire department member may Throw bags-heavy bags that can be operate as Swift Water Rescue upon tossed across the river or water body, request or when the call requires it. can be hooked onto by harnesses for SWR member safety, and that can be Swift Water Rescue Uniform used to guide watercraft in a specific LSFD: yellow SAR helmet, red dry suit direction without washing away. top, black waterproof cargo pants, black boots. Swim rescues-when there is lack of time for proper setup, one rescuer Requirements may go into the water, pulling them Must have 2 fire department members across the current (not against it) to available to activate a swift water safety. rescue unit, with one member running a rescue ambulance. Net rescues-draping nets along a throughway to catch people or objects coming through.

Vessel rescue-pulling the person onto a boat or jet ski rescue sled.

Bike Team Department Vehicles The Bike team is responsible for attending events and crowded areas, LSFD: Rumpo, Scorcher. ensuring that rapid medical attention is received by patients and that their Approved Procedures status can be assessed to efficiently dedicate resources. Event overwatch: patrolling an event area, helping out attendees and Currently, the LSFD and SAMS are the ensuring that any injuries are reported only departments that have access to a to command and are treated. bicycle unit, LSIA: Use of bicycle to patrol the Personnel parking garages, terminals, and Any fire department member may subway of the airport. Not to be taken operate as the bike team at LSIA or onto the tarmac. public events. Bike Team Training/Tactics Swift Water Rescue Uniform Stairs: Bike team members are trained LSFD: bike team polo, black to bike up and downs staircases, dress/cargo shorts or pants, bicycle escalators. Use caution and do not helmet, sport shoes. bowl over pedestrians.

Requirements Medical treatment: Bike team Must have 2 fire department members members carry ALS medical equipment available to activate a bike team unit, and are paramedics with one member running a rescue ambulance.

Marine Operations Department Vehicles Oceanic and port-based water rescue and firefighting. Also includes the dive LSFD: Predator unit. LSCoFD: Predator

Vessel crews are made up of a Approved Procedures firefighter and captain at the Dive Ops: should be run with a minimum. minimum of 2 divers but can be run with only 1 diver and an overwatch Personnel person on the boat. Any fire department personnel may operate a maritime operations vessel. Firefighting: rescue boats are equipped with hose lines and can pump water Swift Water Rescue Uniform directly from the sea to hose line, or LSFD: Station wear, PPE, Black/red supply apparatus on shore. wetsuit/dive gear Search and Rescue: performing search LSCoFD: Station wear with lifejacket, patterns (see Air Ops Training/Tactics) PPE, black/red wetsuit/dive gear. and rescuing people from the water.

Requirements Maritime Operations Training/Tactics Must have 2 members on a vessel Dive Ops: vessel must always remain unless otherwise authorized. If a on site. Divers must always remain in Captain is available, they are required communication with the vessel to be present. captain. A diving buoy must be deployed near the dive sites. Diving may be performed to recover evidence, objects which could damage the environment but have fallen in the water, and people who are trapped underwater. Divers have access to underwater cutting tools including saws and torches to repair damages or cut out trapped persons.

Divers are expected to utilize search Search and Rescue: Using search patterns (learned in air ops) whilst patterns described in the Air Ops searching underwater. Usage of training and tactics, coordinating with underwater sonar, thermal imaging, a helicopter or other marine units to and ship side echo sounder to pick up search a wider area. Rescue tactics large objects or bodies that might be generally involve one rescuer in a underwater. For underwater fires (eg wetsuit or bathing suit (in the case of under piers) divers are trained to fight lifeguards) to first try throwing a the fires with hose lines. floating object (such as a life ring) to the victim and pull them in if possible. Firefighting: Ocean based firefighting Otherwise, they are expected to jump should always focus on rescuing into the water, grabbing the patient people first, followed by fire control and bringing them aboard. During and extinguishment. If possible, water rescues, the firefighter on board firefighters with PPE should be sent should always wear a wetsuit in case aboard burning vessels to recover they are expected to get in the water. people inside if it is believed people could be inside and the vessel is not compromised. Remember fires spread fast on ships. While firefighting operations are ongoing, an air unit or additional vessel should remain in the area to observe the scene and watch for anyone that could be in the water. For land-based fires near the water, fireboats can put water on fires from great distances, or can be used to supply shore side equipment.

Lifeguards Approved Procedures Beach patrol run by the Los Santos Patrol: travelling the beach or County Fire Department. They patrol waterways looking out for trouble. Vespucci, Del Perro, and Chumash Beach Baywatch: Boat patrol

Ocean Rescue Specialist: firefighters, Rescue: Rescuing swimmers in distress may operate all vehicles. Medical: performing ALS medical Personnel procedures on the beach Any fire department personnel may operate as lifeguards. Dive: Performing dive rescues and searching for missing persons Lifeguard Uniform Polo shirt, swim suit, sandals, jacket, Maritime Operations Training/Tactics red seatpants. Patrol: Lifeguards must maintain speeds of 15-20 mph on the beach and Department Vehicles avoid people and wet sand. Lifeguards should also be posted at towers Patrol vehicles, Utility vehicle (dive watching the water as close as ops, command post), Baywatch possible. (vessel), Ambulance, 4 wheeler, jetski. Baywatch: 2 people always operating the vessel. Can search from above the water for missing persons or fight fires from onboard (see maritime ops firefighting). Slow speeds near the shore or in high swells.

Rescue: Can rescue people by throwing them a rescue device (lowest risk), taking a boat/jetski out to them (moderate risk), or swimming to them (highest risk). Always approach victim from behind/underneath. Use /grab.

Disaster Response Section

Overview Personnel Any fire department member may The Disaster Response Section is the operate as USaR at any time without department’s main bureau that deals training. with major emergencies and natural disasters. They are specially equipped USaR Uniforms and trained to handle more severe USaR-Beige coveralls, yellow SAR situations than most front-line helmet (firefighter), orange SAR personnel. It includes the Urban Search helmet (captain) and Rescue Team, the Wildland Fuel Management Unit, and the Supply and LSCoFD/BCFD: Uniform preset/navy Maintenance Division. blue coveralls.

Urban Search and Rescue Heavy Rescue-Navy Blue coveralls The department’s rescue unit which USaR equipped Stations deals with all sorts of rescue related LSFD: Station 32 calls including structure collapse, LSCoFD: Station 87 advanced extrication, confined space BCFD: Station 1 rescues, high/low angle rescues, and cliff rescues. Vehicles LSFD: USaR truck, Heavy Wrecker, USaR operator: member of the USaR unmarked dept scout (K-9) team LSCoFD: USaR truck, USaR Utility, Heavy Wrecker, Van (K-9, personnel) Captain: runs individual USaR teams. BCFD: USaR truck, USaR Utility

Approved Procedures USaR Training/Tactics

Confined Space Rescues: Rescuing Confined Space Rescues: Confined someone trapped in a tight space. spaces are enclosed containers which can be entered by people. They can Collapse Search and Rescue: Rescuing often have limited oxygen, or someone or searching for potential nauseous gasses/fumes. When missing persons in collapsed performing a confined space rescue, it structures. is important to always monitor the air quality to determine risk and safety K-9 Search Team: Use of a K9 to help measures. Additionally, proper PPE search for people trapped under (such as SCBA) must also be worn. Air rubble or debris, or who may be lost. carts can be lowered into these areas to provide oxygen and a safety line to Advanced Extrication: Use of tools and people inside the confined space. equipment not found on standard apparatus. Collapse Search and Rescue: In the event of a structure collapse, the Heavy Wrecker Operations: Mobile structure must be assessed for further Crane for moving debris and securing weak points and areas that further objects. collapse could occur. Those areas need to be ‘shored up’ or stabilized before Low-Steep Angle Rescue: Rescues rescue can be attempted. Structures which take place on inclined slopes are then cleared with thermal imaging below (low) or between (steep) 30-50 cameras, the use of long poles to ‘feel’ degrees. for bodies, and the use of K9s to sniff out victims. Rubble may be removed High Angle Rescue: slope of terrain is by hand, broken up with tools, or greater than 50 degrees. removed with the help of heavy equipment (Dozer, heavy wrecker). Concrete drills are especially useful in these situations to be able to drill through thick blocks of concrete and insert cameras through the fresh hole to see the inside of pockets of space made during a collapse.

K-9 Search Team: To create a K-9 team, Heavy Wrecker Ops: A Heavy Wrecker the incident must be of a search is a tow truck with a rotator crane. It (person is missing) type of incident. can be used to lift heavy objects, up to Additionally, the handler must be a and including the weight of a fully higher rank than probationary loaded cement mixer. Whenever firefighter. Any server member may performing heavy wrecker operations, serve as the K9 for the team upon support legs must be deployed on both request (see K9 rules list for a list of sides of the tractor. Chains must be rules that K9s must follow). Search and securely hooked to parts of the object rescue dogs are specially trained to that cannot easily break off (eg the sniff out other people, and sense chassis on the car instead of the people who may be in distress. This bumper). Lifting an object is only can be done with or without a considered if the object would not reference scent to go off. USaR dogs break upon being lifted. Heavy will bark to alert the handler when wreckers are often used to move they have discovered a body or place vehicles to locations that would enable of interest. easier rescue, flip or rotate a vehicle to a position that is easier and safer to Advanced Extrication: Generally used extricate, or to lift heavy objects to on especially bad MVAs or situations heights that allow the extrication of where technical rescue (the use of individuals from underneath them. tools to dismantle a structure) is Heavy wreckers can also be deployed required. Uses air bags or portable for time-sensitive rescue missions that jacks to lift heavy objects focus on saving the environment as (remembering to add cribbing every opposed to human lives (eg pulling an inch), res Q jacks or 2 x 4s which are oil tanker trailer from the ocean). poles to prop up an object for stability). Focus is on stabilization or Low/Steep/High Angle rescues: using movement to a safer place of large ropes, pulleys, winches, tripods, heavy objects. Note that injuries resulting harnesses, and stokes baskets to from heavy objects pushing against a limb or rescue someone trapped on an incline part of the body (Crush Syndrome) can result in or ledge. Can often use in conjunction deadly chemicals building up behind that barrier. Once the barrier is released, the with a truck ladder as a sort of crane in chemicals will cause a massive heart attack in which case a guide rope should be the patient. TQ affected limbs if possible and used to orient the basket. A solid/non administer ______, transport immediately. moveable object should always be

used as the anchor.

Wildland Fuel Management Wildland Fuel Management Stations Unit All wildland fuel management activities are run out of the agency’s respective The brush clearance, inspection, and fleet yard. response unit. This unit covers a broad range of tasks, from performing brush Vehicles clearance inspections in high-risk LSFD: Dozer, Dozer Transport, Tender, zones, performing the clearance, and Plug buggy, Rumpo van, UAV Granger, even responding to active fires to LSFD administration vehicles create fire breaks. This unit contains (inspection only). the department’s Heavy Equipment LSCoFD: Dozer, Dozer Transport, and operators. Tender, Rumpo van, GIS truck, LSCoFD

administration vehicles (inspection Firefighter: tender driver, brush only). clearance inspector, hand crew. BCFD: Dozer, Dozer Transport, Tender,

Rumpo van, Plug Buggy Apparatus operator/engineer: heavy SanFire/NPS: Rumpo van equipment operator.

Approved Procedures Personnel

Any fire department member may Brush Clearance Inspection: Visiting operate as a Wildland Fuel and inspecting properties in high risk Management Inspector and perform zones for proper brush clearance. all inherent tasks at any time without

training. However, brush clearance UAVs: use of unmanned aerial vehicles operations must be approved by a (drones) to survey areas from above, supervisor and emergency response is and also to provide overwatch on to be by request or dispatch only. major emergencies.

Unit Uniforms Brush clearance teams: hand crews or Wildland fuel management inspector: inmate work crews that clear brush Class B/C uniforms preventatively or at large brush fires. Heavy equipment operator/tender driver: uniform pants/brush coat and Heavy Equipment: use of dozers to helmet or coveralls clear brush and create fire breaks. Hand crews: Brush gear

Wildland Fuel Management Unit Brush Clearance Teams: hand crews Training which utilize shovels, picks, rakes, and Brush Clearance Inspection: chainsaws to clear brush. In the Los Inspections can be done randomly or Santos Fire Department, brush with notice on any high-risk property clearance hand crews are made up of both commercial, industrial, part time firefighters who work during government, and residential. fire season. In the LSCoFD, BCFD, and Inspections consist of observing the SanFire these crews are made up of brush surrounding a property, for 200 prisoners who have been specially feet from any structure on the trained. Dead, dry brush is removed premises. Lawns must be mowed, using these tools and moved away dry/dead brush needs to be removed, from the fire line or taken away in the trees should be trimmed, and all debris case of property clearing. Prisoner from brush clearance needs to be work crews only respond to removed. There shall be two emergencies or clearance of inspections of a given property, an government property and do not initial inspection and a final scheduled complete proactive clearance on inspection, both performed by the private properties. During active fires, same fire officer. If the owner of the crews will be dropped off at work property is not present, notices of non- zones ahead of the fire by copter and compliance can be mailed after the will be watched by the air unit while inspection. Properties are expected to they work. Crews are expected to become complaint within 30 days of constantly keep tabs on fire the notice. If the property is still movements and evac if in danger. noncompliant, the department has a duty to clear the property at the NOTE: Prisoner work crews must be owner’s expense. made up of individuals who are not a flight risk or mental health risk, must UAV: brush clearance inspectors have not be serving time for a felony and access to UAV Grangers and UAVs must not have a history of arson. A which can be launched to survey member of the complementary law properties from the air. They can also enforcement agency must be present be requested on USaR rescues and during transportation and work. large fires to assist in scouting the area Prisoners take orders from the crew for command team members. chief.

Heavy Equipment: Heavy equipment teams are made up of 3 components; the tender, the transport, and the machinery. They are always staffed by 2 people. One of the individuals known as the ‘Swamper’ is responsible for driving the dozer tender. The individual who drives the transport and the dozer is known as the Heavy Equipment Operator. Upon arrival at a scene, the swamper is responsible for helping to unchain the dozer while the operator does their check and drives the dozer off the trailer. The swamper is then responsible for ensuring the safety of the dozer operator, spotting for them and updating them on conditions. If someone approaches the dozer, the operator is expected to power the machine down before the individual approaches. The dozer tender will store all chains and spare equipment necessary for the dozer operations. Dozers must clear large paths of dead brush ahead of the fire to help move personnel and equipment and also to help prevent fire movement.

CBRNE and HazMat Section

Overview Personnel JHAT can be activated upon request The CBRNE and HazMat Section are and requires the operator to have LEO responsible for dealing with any training. There must be at least 2 and a emergency that involves Hazardous maximum of 3 JHAT units to respond Materials. It is made up of the Joint to JHAT requests. There also needs to Hazard Assessment Team (JHAT, LSFD), be HazMat, an Engine, and an FD Heal HazMat (LSCoFD) and HazMat supervisor available to attend the response teams. JHAT is an LSFD scene. specific operation which collaborates with the LSPD to provide responses to JHAT Uniforms criminal incidents that involve Beige Cargo Pants, Black Polo, LSFD HazMats. Heal HazMat is responsible Belt badge. for inspecting businesses and JHAT Stations responding to workplace hazmat May be operated from Station 32. incidents while the HazMat response teams are front line services that Vehicles respond to accidents involving Unmarked LSPD Landstalker XL, white. hazardous materials. Goals Joint Hazard Assessment There are no specific procedures or Team training for consultants. However, JHAT responders are required to

collaborate with police OIC at a Act as consultants and advisors to LSPD stationary command post in order to units on scene where criminal activity assist in planning emergency response or negligence has led to the and strategy whilst considering Civilian introduction of a hazardous material to and personnel safety, mitigation, and a scene involving law enforcement rapid response/adjustment to actions including terrorist activity, responses as the incident unfolds. bombs, and intentional or criminal hazmat spills. Additionally, they perform tests on chemical substances and perform investigations into their release and circumstance.

Health HazMat Approved Procedures The LSCoFD’s unit which is responsible for inspecting businesses for HazMat HazMat Inspection: pre-scheduled storage, safety and compliance in Los inspections at businesses around LS Santos County. Can also respond to County to ensure compliance with HazMat incidents at industrial areas in HazMat standards found within the Los Santos County. fire code.

Firefighter: primarily responsible for HazMat Response: responding to the performing inspections and responding scene of a hazmat emergency to HazMat incidents. occurring at any commercial or industrial business to investigate the Captain: oversees and operates the circumstances of the incident. unit. Health HazMat Training Personnel HazMat Inspection: Inspectors visit a Any fire department member may location after planning the visit earlier operate as Health HazMat. in the day, overnight or the day before. Inspections do not occur at night. They Unit Uniforms must observe Hazardous material Class Bs or Cs. safety, storage, and useage and ensure it complies with fire code. Failure to Health HazMat Stations comply with the code could result in Operated out of Station 7 alongside fines or the closure of the business if the county’s HazMat unit. non-compliance occurs often.

Vehicles HazMat Response: responding to Health HazMat Landroamer hazmat incidents at industrial or commercial facilities non-urgently (no red lighting). Investigating the circumstances surrounding the incident while also performing a safety inspection to determine if any fire codes were broken resulting in the incident.

HazMat Approved Procedures Front line response units including standard apparatus and specialized HazMat Identification: Using clues and units who are capable of dealing with information available to identify the Hazardous Materials Incidents. material and plan the response. Firefighter: responsible for dealing with initial size up, response, and HazMat Mitigation: Preventing the treatment of the incident. All spread and further impact of the firefighters are trained to a base level hazardous material. in HazMat response. HazMat technician: Specialized in HazMat Response: Neutralizing the HazMat cleanup, mitigation, substance to prevent it from causing recognition, decon, and treatment. more harm.

Captain: oversees and operates the HazMat Decon: The decontamination unit. and cleaning of persons or objects Personnel from dangerous hazardous materials. Any fire department member may operate as HazMat. HazMat Cleanup/Removal: The safe Unit Uniforms transport and removal of hazardous Turnout gear (Class D HazMat waste to a secure storage location. Response), White/Yellow rubber suit (Class A HazMat Response). Turnouts HazMat Training and Procedures are worn for risk of Fires but have HazMat Identification: First step is to limited chemical protection. Class A’s identify the hazard based off protect from chemicals however have information readily available. The no fire protection. If no fire risk is name of the substance in question present, it is advisable to use Class A should be obtained from the person hazmats (if HazMat is on scene) until transporting the substance or the substance is identified. someone who works at the facility, and HazMat Stations warning labels on the container. LSFD: Station 69 Additionally, chemical test kits and gas LSCoFD: Station 7 detectors can be used to identify the BCFD: Station 1 substance if no other method is Vehicles available but is the riskiest process out HazMat Rescue Squad (all) of all identification options. Proper PPE must be worn when hazard is ID’d.

HazMat Mitigation: Once the chemical Mitigation will primarily involve is known, the first responding unit’s evacuating an area size described in captain is required to consult the ERG the ERG (might need to be modified (Emergency Response Guide) at the based off wind speed and direction), following link: and establishing a perimeter. https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/ph Following, the usage of ventilation msa.dot.gov/files/2021-01/ERG2020- (releasing gas from a confined space) WEB.pdf or diking and damming (blocking the This guide contains information on movement of liquid substances) are how to handle and deal with HazMat options to prevent the spread of the emergencies. To find the proper substance. Damming liquid substances guideline, look up the name of the is possible with the use of long plastic material in the list (EG: Propane). tubes packed with sand, sandbags, or Search the manual till you find the barriers made of dirt/sand. If possible, name “Propane” listed beside a storm drains, rivers, and other number. Search up that number and accesses to water should be blocked scroll to about halfway through the off to prevent substances from guide to find the guide number entering the waterways. (pictured below). HazMat Response: Some substances can be neutralized by introducing a counter agent like an acid or a base and causing a chemical reaction. Other substances can be counteracted by putting dirt/sand/kitty litter on the spill to soak it up. Other substances can be dealt with by foam, and yet others can be dispersed with water. Patches can also be applied to leaking tanks to stop the spill from continuing. The ERG will explain the best method for treating the spill. Note: Different phases of the substance (liquid, gas) will require different responses.

HazMat Decontamination: Decontamination occurs when patients or equipment encounter a hazardous material that can generally cause severe respiratory or other health issues for anyone that nears it. Firstly, the incident area is divided into 3 zones, Hot warm and cold.

The cold zone contains the outer perimeter, command teams, and additional resources such as PD. These resources should not pass the cold zone perimeter. The Warm zone is where the decontamination corridor exists as well as HazMat equipment. Lastly, the Hot Zone is located directly around the incident and is an xarea where only HazMat personnel should be allowed to enter. Anyone else that enters must be decontaminated before returning to the Cold zone.

Decontamination: Individuals or equipment that need to be decontaminated must be sent through the decontamination corridor. Persons must remove their clothes either for cleaning (during cleanup) or to be disposed of. Then, going through the corridor itself, water from an engine (but could also include a truck with its ladder raised and master stream on if there are several people) with the nozzle on mist is used to drench and clean equipment and persons. Following that, persons must be checked out by paramedics and transported to hospital for observation and treatment of health concerns.

HazMat Cleanup: Once the chemical is mitigated, treated, and all patients are removed from the Hot Zone, the incident can be cleaned up. If the substance is being transported by tractor trailer, the company usually has its own clean up section for spills that can be contacted. Additionally, if it is expected that the spill has entered local waterways, the Coast Guard must be notified.

Other ways that HazMat incidents can be cleaned up:

-Hot taps (transferring remaining substance in a damaged tanker to a new tanker, sometimes while the spill is ongoing)

-Use of led lined containers for storing radioactive spill substances

-Use of large amounts of dirt/sand to soak up the substance, transferring that dirt to bins

-Ventilation of a closed space

-Water in large amounts

Homeland Security Division

Overview Personnel The Homeland Security Division is All investigators must be trained to the responsible for investigating fire level of POII or higher and request related incidents, attending scenes permission to join the division by the where tactical medical intervention is section chief. SanFire investigators are required, and providing command only allowed to patrol with permission points to relay communications and of a Captain or higher. rally resources. Arson Investigator Uniforms LSFD-Jacket, Beige/navy blue cargo Counter Arson-Terrorism pants, navy polo shirt, navy dress shirt, Section (CATS) belt badge, boots, fire helmet, firearm holster (any permitted except The highly specialized Investigation dropdown). team within the Los Santos Fire LSCoFD: Class B/C uniforms with Department. Both Blaine County Fire firearm holster (any except shoulder or Department and Los Santos County dropdown), fire helmet. Fire Departments also have their own BCFD: Jacket, beige cargo pants, Arson Investigation divisions. They uniform shirt/T-shirt, or class b/c investigate all suspicious fires as well uniforms, fire helmet. as fires that result in serious injury or SanFire: LEO uniform presets. death. Only BCFD, LSCoFD, and SanFire Arson equipped Stations officers are POST certified but all are Arson can be activated from any peace officers. Only SanFire station. SanFire works out of Paleto investigators actively patrol. Bay Sheriff’s Office and Fire station.

Vehicles (Counties are unmarked) Fire Investigator: investigates fires, LSFD: Retro Granger (K9, other), arrests and/or lays charges. Buffalo S (blk), Scout (blk), Granger K9 Handler: controls FAT certified (blk), LSPD landstalkerxl grey/black. accelerant detection dogs and LSCoFD: BCSO Yosemite, LSPD retro performs investigator duties. stanier/LSSD UMK stanier all with PD Captain: Supervises large policy colours. investigations BCFD: BCSO Yosemite, Caracara, Canis Battalion Chief: Runs the unit Seminole all with PD policy colours.

SanFire: Marked Sadler/Bison

Approved Procedures Arson investigators should focus on first determining the cause of the fire, Arson Investigation: Investigating the and the point of origin (where the fire circumstances, processes, and intent started, burned the hottest, did the behind fires with the intention of most damage). Possible causes could making an arrest or laying a charge. be malicious (fire was lit externally, accelerant was used to encourage fire K9 Operation: Use of an accelerant growth), negligent (ignoring a risk, detection K9 to detect traces of leaving flames unattended, failure to accelerant at fires and on people. abide by fire code and safety regulations allowing fire to grow or Special Task Forces: Initiatives taken by spread) or accidental (overheating Captains or Battalion chiefs involving machinery, unintentionally setting a the cooperation of local/state/federal fire, natural causes). law enforcement for the purpose of dealing with specific threats, such as Secondly, evidence needs to be fireworks, terrorism involving collected to prove a crime was explosives/fire, or threats to committed. Witness statements and firefighters. CCTV footage are usually the most information that can be determined Firearm Use: Carried for self-defense, from fire scenes, with other evidence while apprehending a suspect, or when being burned away. However, backing up PD (SanFire exempt, follow remnants of lighters, cigarette butts, PD policies) matches, molotovs can also be found as long as indications of accelerant Arson Training and Procedures (unnatural burn patches/paths, alert Arson Investigation: During a fire from an accelerant detection K9). investigation, it should be requested from PD and Fire resources on scene Lastly, a suspect needs to be charged that a perimeter is maintained, and or taken into custody if the cause is overhaul is halted until investigators malicious or negligent. The three arrive. Additionally, any persons in the things needed to prove a suspect’s area should be questioned by LEO on guilt are 1. Location when crime was scene and their information should be committed (can they be placed at the collected for later follow up. Plates of scene of the crime, do they have an suspicious vehicles in the area should alibi), and access to the crime scene. 2. be obtained. Motive (what reason did they have to

Commit the crime? 3. Connection to item the accelerant is found on if the the cause of the fire. Getting DNA accelerant is all burned up. samples or fingerprints from the items used to set the fire (like jerry cans) are K9 Operation: Arson accelerant K9s are the most useful, receipts and witness not to be used for suspect accounts linking the person to buying apprehension and are only for certain items used to cause the fire are detecting accelerants. Accelerants are also helpful. To determine the chemical substances which are suspect’s guilt, questioning and flammable and can be searched out by interrogations are useful tactics to well trained K9s. The K9 (may be a catch them in lies or have them admit player or AI) can be let loose in a their crimes, but it is important to designated search area, the K9 will remember the suspects rights and track down accelerants, which can ensure the suspect has been read their then be detected. If any arson suspects rights. were detained on scene, the K9 can also alert to accelerant residue on the In the event you know the suspect but individual if they got any on them need to find them, try visiting known while setting the fire. residences, performing stakeouts (requested from the section chief), Special Task Forces: Formed with the contacting friends or relatives, tracking intent of dealing with a certain type of their phone, banking info (generally crime. The most common task force is only for federal fugitives), or passing a fireworks task force commonly their information to law enforcement formed on the 4th of July with the and news media to keep an eye out for intent of collecting illegal fireworks them. If you believe your suspect and disposing of them before they knows you are after them, it may also start fires. They are organized by be prudent to notify the ports, Captains or the Arson Chief, and airports, and any other public transit to generally include a law enforcement prevent the suspect from escaping the aspect which may or may not have state. marked units.

Evidence collection is also an Firearm Use: Arson investigation important component. Evidence members report to FID upon firing the should be taken to police stations for firearm. They may respond to nearby storage. Accelerants can be collected backup requests from LEO if they are with cotton swabs, or removal of the returning from an arson scene.

FAT NRT Approved Procedures The Firearms, Alcohol, Tobacco and Explosive Bureau operates a National Fire Investigation: Investigating large Response Team (NRT). They respond to fires that occur. Arson and Explosion incidents where the total damage is over $1 million and Explosion Investigations: Accidental higher, the incident occurred at a explosions and terrorism. federal building, or where they are requested by local agencies. K9 Operation: Use of an accelerant detection K9 to detect traces of Special Agent: responsible for accelerant at fires and on people. investigating incidents. NRT Training and Procedures Personnel Fire Investigation: See Arson Training Must be within the Arson Investigation and Procedures. Team for the fire department and LEO’s detective bureau in order to be Explosion Investigations: Similar to Fire able to run FAT National Response Investigations and involves the same Team on large incidents. FAT NRT K9 process. Involves reconstruction and members must be part of the LEO K9 determining where people were and Unit as well as the Arson Investigation when. The center of the blast should Team be determined as well as the type of Unit Uniforms explosive device used. Similarities in See Law Enforcement Manual explosives can be used to determine a FAT Stations ‘signature’ of a bomber and link See Law Enforcement Manual bombings together. Sometimes, the Vehicles components used to make the See Law Enforcement Manual explosives can be tracked, and their purchase location can be determined to reveal the identity of the suspect.

K9 Operation: See LEO K9 Training and Procedures.

Tactical EMS Approved Procedures Known as TacMedics or TEMS. There is also a portion of tactical EMS built into Basic Protection: All FD Personnel are EMS procedures and training as well authorized to carry and wear light which will be covered here. The Los stab/bullet resistant vests and bullet Santos Fire Department has its own proof helmets. TacMedics program while in the counties SAMS operates TEMS. Cold Zone intervention: Interaction between FD and PD on the outer Paramedic: responsible for treating perimeter of an active shooter patients in a secure area that has been situation performed by regular FD cleared by SWAT. personnel. Tactical Paramedic: Accompanies SWAT officers into warm zones to Warm Zone intervention: Interaction evacuate and triage patients in the between tacmedics and SWAT in the field before handing off to paramedics. warm zone where the shooter could Captain: oversees and operates the still be a threat. unit. Personnel Self defense: Use of downed officer’s Any Fire Department Paramedic which firearm in an emergency to protect self has taken some training and direction and patients. from SWAT. Unit Uniforms Tactical EMS Training and Procedures SAMS: Tactical Utilities, vest and Cold Zone Intervention: firefighter helmet personnel set up an MCI and triage FD Personnel: light vest, helmet over zone in the cold zone, transporting top of Class C/B, T-shirt, or under patients to waiting ambulance. brush jacket FD Tacmedics: heavy vest, cargo pants Warm Zone intervention: Tacmedic and T-shirt/Class B/C shirt follows the SWAT stack, taking orders Tacmedic Stations from the SWAT leader. Once in the LSFD: Station 32 warm zone, they disengage, treating SAMS: Area hospital anyone in the area and sending them Vehicles to the cold zone, with protection from LSFD: unmk stanier (brown, no seal) one or two members of the SWAT SAMS: designated Rumpo Ambulance team.

Command Post Unit Approved Procedures The command post unit is responsible for maintaining and operating the Command Post Response: Command departmental mobile command posts, Post will respond code 3 to major overseeing communications and incidents, and it is highly providing a central rallying point for recommended to have it escorted by large incidents. another police or fire unit. Speeds not to exceed 60 mph. Captain: responsible for operating individual command posts. Command post setup: Must be set up Battalion Chief/IC: Can request a on flat, even, level terrain command post unit. Division Chief: In charge of overseeing Command Post Emergency Operation: command post operations and issuing There must be a Battalion Chief or orders from the command post on higher on scene as the IC in order for a large scenes. command post to activate Personnel Only Fire department supervisors can Command Post passive operation: May authorize and operate a command be operated at special events or on post. If a Battalion chief is on scene large scenes where extensive overhaul and requests the unit, any member can and cleanup is required, including collect the unit and deploy it at a extensive arson investigations. Must scene. be authorized for use by Battalion Unit Uniforms Chief or Higher. All: Class B/Cs Command Post Stations LSFD/LSCoFD: county fleet yard BCFD: Station 1 Vehicles Mobile Command Post

Community Liaison Section

Overview PIO Uniforms The Community Liaison Section is All: Department Class C/B, Brush responsible for overseeing all jacket/helmet. community relations projects as well PIO equipped Stations as ensuring the safety of its firefighters Any in the field. Vehicles LSFD: Black unmarked Scout Public Information Office LSCoFD: Marked Stanier with MX The Public Information Office is lightbar. responsible for disclosing information BCFD: Marked BCFD Caracara regarding incidents to the citizens of Los Santos, as well as safety tips, Approved Procedures events, and insight into the department. Press Briefing: Providing news media with a summary of events on large Public Information Officer: Posts on incidents. social media, help organize events, and Social Media: Responding to and run press briefings at the direction of making posts on behalf of the the PIO Captain. department. Events: Planning and executing public Public Information Officer (Captain): events Runs the public information office, runs most press briefing, and approves PIO Training and Procedures of/organizes events. investigator duties. Press Briefing: On any large incidents requiring a battalion chief and Personnel numerous resources, a PIO should be Anyone is allowed to operate as a requested to the scene. They will public information officer to post on provide the media with information social media, however, needs regarding the situation, specifically the permission from a PIO Captain to type of incident, when the incident run/set up an event or run a press started, number of firefighters on briefing. scene, if/when knockdown has occurred, damage, injuries/fatalities,

And current threat to the public, if any. broadcasted. Specific names of individuals involved should be disincluded (but you can Social Media: Any and all posts on share the name of the Incident social media made by department PIOs Commander), and you can share if the and official accounts (such as the CATS are investigating, however may chief’s account) should be professional only share details of the investigation if and reflect the views of the the investigators approve that department as a whole, decided by the information for release. chief. They should be checked for spelling and grammar, and be Sample Press Briefing: informative, as well as convey the most important information in a low We are here today at (Place) where number of words. PIOs are allowed to (Type of incident) occurred. respond to comments made on their Approximately (# of firefighters) have posts or when tagged but are been working to contain the fire which cautioned to avoid responding to (is at % containment, was knocked internet trolls or people just trying to down ____ ago, is still ongoing). get attention. Damage is so far estimated at (dollar estimate, or no estimate), with Events: Events can be planned and (fatalities, injuries, LODD injury/death). decided upon by the public The incident is (currently not a threat, information office however must be is a threat to people in ___ approved by the Deputy Fire Chief and neighborhood/area) with (Rank, last the Fire Chief before their creation. name of the OIC) in command of The necessary departments must be operations. The Los Santos Counter contacted and permits be filled out Arson-Terrorism Section is (currently before the event starts. Traffic control, investigating, not contacted due to fire crowd control, and safety should being non-suspicious). always be a top priority. Event advertisement should be started a Any Press briefing should be drafted week before the event. The event up ahead of time. Number of should include a charity component, personnel can be exaggerated if a informative insight into the similar real life incident would have department (like a community day, fire more people (but do not exceed prevention day, etc), or to promote apparatus limits), and the briefing itself services and safety. should be run by the OIC before it is

Risk Management Section Approved Procedures A group of department administrators and investigators that evaluate current Structure analysis: Investigating the risks to firefighters. This can be safety and concerns surrounding evaluating risk of current structures, construction, old buildings within the certain situations, or even active city. threats against FD personnel. Threat analysis: investigation and This section is often struck as an consideration of active threats towards investigative task force by the fire chief the city or department. and deputy fire chief in response to certain issues in the city and is run by a Reporting: recommendations to be Battalion, 2 Captains, and any number made to the fire chief and their deputy of firefighters. in the form of a report directed to the chief. These recommendations may be Personnel implemented temporarily or This section is only active under the permanently. guidance of a battalion chief. Individuals can volunteer in this Risk Management Section Training division when it is required. and Procedures Structure Analysis: Determine the Unit Uniforms stability and hazards on large, old, or All: Class C/B, safety gear including unstable buildings. Assess the sites for safety glasses and fire helmets/hard collapse hazards, squatter population, hats when in unsafe buildings. strategic entry/exit points, and nearby hazards that could be affected by the Vehicles building’s collapse. Department administration vehicles Threat Analysis: Consider the motive, credibility, and feasibility of the threat. Notify the police department of threats. Search up the background of individuals involved if possible, and work with state/federal agents for further assistance if necessary.

Professional Standards Division

Overview IIU Uniforms The Professional Standards Division is All-Suit, professional attire. responsible for investigating complaints against department Vehicles members as well as ensuring the SOPs Department administration vehicle and training are followed. with no lights, or civilian vehicle (Stanier, Asea, Premier, Alamo) Internal Investigations Unit The Internal Investigations Unit (IIU) investigates complaints against department members. They can covertly observe and investigate possible criminal activity or conduct interview of members who might have experienced or know something about the complaints. They can also work with the Arson unit upon request, and the police department if necessary.

Personnel IIU members are Assistant Chiefs Chiefs who are specially requested to investigate complaints. Not all complaints are investigated by IIU, unless the issue is extremely serious (allegations of criminal activity) or the issues involve a member of the supervisory team. Other issues are investigated and handled by Battalion Chiefs.

Training and Support Unit

Overview Training Division Uniforms The Training and Support Unit is Training Officers: Class B/C, rank responsible for training all personnel, badges/insignias recruitment, maintenance, supply, and Training recruits: T-shirt, uniform department administration. pants, bunker gear, or Class As with no badge. Training Division The Training Division is responsible for Training Division Locations the training and recruitment, as well as Station 7 – LS County Training Grounds recurrent in-service training. They can Station 1 – Blaine County Training set up recruitment events in Grounds conjunction with the Public Information Office. Training Division Vehicles Trainers may utilize department plug Training Officer: Captain, in charge of buggies or vans. Reserve apparatus training new recruits should be used for recruit trainings. Battalion Chief: Responsible for running the training division. Approved Procedures

Personnel Training Locations: Recruit trainings All Captains and above are part of the occur only at station 7. In service training division. While some may training can occur at any location or specialize in training, any can be station. requested to perform a training at any time. Recruit Training: New recruits must perform training to pass their probationary phase. Minimum 2 recruits per training.

Recurrent Training: Training that occurs with in-service fire department personnel to revise, review, and hone skills.

Recruitment: encouraging new apps

Training Procedures 5 – Structure Fires and test scenario (Scene command, teamwork, Training locations: Instructors can knowledge) choose between running the training as LSCoFD or LSFD. Due to available The main items being tested during the facilities, trainings cannot be run in recruit training are the individual’s Blaine County. For in service recurrent knowledge, their ability to work with trainings, instructors can run the others as a team, and their ability to training anywhere except for take command of a situation. residential locations, however if the location is commercial or industrial Recruits cannot be failed in the and a civilian is running the operation training however may be forced to their permission must be obtained to take ride-alongs to improve their perform the training at that location. knowledge before passing probie phase. Recruit training: Recruits are expected to have read through the most Recurrent Training: Captains or higher relevant parts of the SOP (commands, may take the station somewhere for vehicle list, geographic locations and training skills like firefighting, auto apparatus) to help shorten training and extrication, or any one of the Special ensure everyone understands the Operations functions that does not basics. Recruit trainings shall be need special permission to run or is scheduled at an amicable time for restricted to FD Supervisors or higher. recruits and trainers, and shall not exceed 4 hours in length. Trainings will Recruitment: Recruitment stalls can be follow a specific itinerary, covering the set up at events run by the relevant topics in the SoP: department/city or other agencies or can be set up in high volume 1 – Vehicle designations/purposes, pedestrian locations with the differences between agencies, proper assistance of a PIO. Computers, driving (no evoc but point to SOP) gazebo, fold up tables, and 2 – BLS procedures; basic first aid and promotional material may be used. test scenarios (2 per recruit) 3- ALS procedures and test scenarios (2 per recruit) 4 – MVAs basic operations and test scenario (teamwork, knowledge)

Supply and Maintenance Vehicles Division Vehicles are same for all departments, use liveries where applicable. The supply and maintenance division is responsible for maintaining the Forklift, Unmarked white box truck, department’s apparatus as well as unmarked white packer, flatbed, Heavy supplying stations with necessary Equipment Transporter and Lowboy equipment and supplies. trailer.

Supply and Maintenance Personnel: Approved Procedures Day to day operations, ordering new supplies, delivering supplies to station. Apparatus Recovery: Utilizing

Transport Unit with help of Heavy Supply and Maintenance Battalion Rescue if necessary, to recover a Chief: Responsible for overlooking the damaged apparatus and take it to fleet division’s day to day tasks. yard for repair

Personnel Apparatus Repair & Maintenance: Any fire department member may Repairing and performing monthly operate as supply and maintenance maintenance on apparatus. personnel.

Unit Uniforms Supply and Delivery: Ordering and Class B/C uniforms, coveralls, LSFD T- shipping necessary items to fire shirt and uniform or cargo pants stations. Supply and Maintenance Stations

All departments run supply and Supply/Maintenance Training maintenance out of their respective Procedures fleet yards.

LSFD/LSCoFD joint fleet yards: East Los Apparatus Recovery: Supply and Santos Maintenance may be called to the BCFD fleet yard: Station 1 scene of an MVA involving an

apparatus in order to collect the apparatus and take it to the yards in circumstances where the apparatus is too damaged to drive away itself. All department apparatus currently can be transported by the Dozer Transport unit. The dozer tender should also be

Present to escort and help chain up the Supply and Delivery: The department apparatus if enough personnel are maintains its own stock of supplies in available. If the apparatus is damaged order to ensure that it is ready at any but can still drive back to station, fleet moment in time. All tools are kept in services can bring a reserve apparatus stock, and damaged tools can be and swap out with the damaged replaced upon request. Medical apparatus driving it back to the fleet supplies are also kept with the yard. Whenever an apparatus is taken exception of drugs which are picked up out of service it must be replaced with from hospitals for ALS rigs. Supplies a reserve apparatus (has a livery with can be delivered to each station once a no numbers) until the old apparatus is week on skids. Mostly they will contain replaced or fixed. Once the repaired medical supplies, but could also apparatus is ready, it can be driven up contain new O2 bottles, new tools, and replaced with the reserve. cribbing, etc as is requested for each station. Individuals roleplaying as Apparatus Repair & Maintenance: supply and delivery may make up what When an apparatus is being repaired, needs to be delivered, or can use gme it may be necessary to order parts to check the manifest for each station. externally. Small fixes should be rp’d as These items can be transported by box taking less time while more extensive truck. fixes should take longer. Replacing an apparatus takes the longest period of time (but you can also rp that reserves are turned into front line apparatus or there were some new apparatus already sitting waiting to be assigned). Additionally, apparatus always need to be maintained. Every month, apparatus may be taken out of service for maintenance and quality of life repairs. Every apparatus needs to be service once a year; but should also be maintained every shift by firefighters at station. Oil, brakes, tires, lights, battery should all be checked every shift.

Department Administration Vehicles Department administration consists of Any department administration all tasks not covered otherwise in this vehicle. SOP that take care of the smaller tasks within the department. They are as Fire Marshal’s Office follows: The Fire marshal (or his deputy) may Fire marshal’s office be contacted to enforce fire code Notification of death (line of duty) violations discovered by department Notification of termination members during routine inspections. -others may be added in the future- They are the only members of the department besides arson Personnel investigators that have the Only Assistant Chiefs + may currently authorization to charge businesses or roleplay administration duties. individuals under the fire code or shut down businesses. Unit Uniforms Administration members wear white class As with the battalion chief badge.

Administration Stations All department administration operations run out of the area’s respective city hall.

Appendix A – Passive Roleplay

Overview Fire Safety Inspections A big feature of the Fire Department is Fire Safety inspections may be run by the passive roleplay that the any member of the department who is department provides. on duty at a fire station. All commercial, industrial, and high Passive Roleplay List occupancy residential buildings are Roles you can passively RP as while on required under the fire code to have duty include: monthly inspections performed. -Fleet services (Supply and Maintenance Division) Perform an inspection of the building -Public Information Officer keeping an eye out for violations of the -Wildland Fuel Management Unit fire code. Ensure that a report is filled -Risk Management Section (when out via the MDT after the inspection is activated) finished. -Lifeguard Beach Patrol -Fire Safety Inspector The support of the Fire Marshal or his -Fire Hydrant Maintenance Deputies may be requested if the firefighter believes the building needs Requirements to be shut down due to extensive and Follow the specific manual sections for numerous violations. Otherwise, information on what you can and charges may be suggested and then cannot do in each role. It is expected mailed later from the fire marshal’s that members performing any office. operations except for Wildland Fuel Management, Fleet Services, and Risk Fire Hydrant Maintenance Management are always available for All fire hydrants must be flushed once calls, however individuals running a year, their GPM calculated, and any operations in the exempt categories issues reported to the department of are required to assist on a call if water and power. On duty members requested by the OIC, and thus must can perform these duties. always be available on the radio.

Appendix B – Strike Teams

Overview Strike Team Roster Strike teams are groups of apparatus Strike teams can include: and firefighters sent to provide mutual aid to an external agency. - Dozer teams - USaR Strike Team Creation - Heavy Rescue - HazMat Strike teams are created to organize - Swift Water Rescue resources to respond and assist in - Battalion Chief large incidents in another city or - Front line apparatus, not county. They can be requested by any including ambulances. OIC on large incidents which requires additional resources that said city or Strike teams may not rob a station of county does not have (eg extra USAR, all its front line apparatus (eg the use HazMat, Heavy Rescue), and must of a whole task force, or the station’s include at least one Captain and two only engine), so generally only include apparatus total in the strike team. light forces, single engines. Strike teams can be compiled from more than one station and department.

Appendix C – Fire Department MDT

Overview Structure fire report The Fire Department, like law To access the form, press “new enforcement, has access to the reports” under the records section. community’s MDT system and can use Ensure to fill in each section. The scene it for many integral functions. commander for every fire scene should complete this report. Access Key: Fire7445

Current Functions Currently, the MDT allows fire department members to review the fire code and also write fire safety inspection reports for various businesses and establishments. Structure fire reports can also be completed.

Fire Code The Fire Code is part of the Penal Code. Please visit the penal code at https://www.sarrp.net/docs/penal.pdf

Additionally, you can look through the list of penal codes by hitting the delta in the bottom left corner of the mdt and hitting ‘documentation’.

Building Inspection Form To access the form, press “new records” under the records section. Ensure to fill in each section. One person should fill this out for every inspection.