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Folk Medicinal Uses of Indigenous Plant Species of Barroha, Bhara Kahu and Maanga in Islamabad, Pakistan

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Folk Medicinal Uses of Indigenous Plant Species of Barroha, Bhara Kahu and Maanga in Islamabad, Pakistan Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 6(11), pp. 2061-2070, 23 March, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR DOI: 10.5897/JMPR10.803 ISSN 1996-0875 ©2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Folk medicinal uses of indigenous plant species of Barroha, Bhara Kahu and Maanga in Islamabad, Pakistan Fizza Rauf, Rahmatullah Qureshi* and Humaira Shaheen Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Accepted 13 April, 2011 Ethnobotany is the study of mutual relationships of plants and people. An ethnomedicinal study covers the utilization of plants by the native people as remedy against various ailments. The aim of present study was to evaluate the folk medical uses of the study area. For this purpose, the study areas: Barroha, Bhara Kahu and Maanga had been visited regularly from October 2009 to February 2010. Semi- structured questionnaire and formal interviews from the elderly known people, herbalists (Hakeems) and merchants (Pansaars) had been conducted for the extraction of folk knowledge of native plants. A total of 34 plant species of medicinal importance belonging to 27 families and 32 genera were recorded, which are being used by the inhabitants as a source of medicament. These species are being used to treat 64 ailments of humans and their cattle as well. Sexual diseases of humans, that is, leucorrhoea and spermatorrhoea were also cured by the local people by using wild plant species. Key words: Indigenous species, Hakeems, Barroha, Bhara Kahu, Maanga. INTRODUCTION While discussing the human history, it would be Ethnobotanical studies of many medicinal plants in incomplete without the role of plants (Qureshi et al., various parts of the world has been carried out during 2006), because early man was directly dependent on successive years (Murray, 1881; Kirtikar et al., 1935; plants for his needs. Pre-historic man was also aware of Dastur, 1952; Nadkarni, 1954; Chopra et al., 1949; the curing of diseases and their prevention (Gill and Tewari, 1979; Caius, 1986; Zafar, 1994; Cole, 1996; Ogbor, 1997), especially in South Asia (Bawa and Mhaskar et al., 2000; Behl and Srivastava, 2002; Godoy, 1993). Even now, about 80% of the world Sharma, 2003; Everest and Ozturk, 2005). All these population is dependent on plants as their first aid ethnobotanists contributed a lot of services to record the treatments (Wambebe, 1990). Patients prefer to use indigenous knowledge in the curing of hydrophobia indigenous health care methods for the curing of (rabies), dysentery, earache, epilepsy, eye and liver ailments, when modern health care systems e.g. complaints, fever, hair loss, snake-bits and toothache, allopathic system fails to cure (Bhattarai, 1988; Justice, etc. 1981). But with the advancement of the health care Ethnomedicinal uses of plants of Himalayan and Hindu systems, people have began to use modern systems of Kush Ranges of Mountains has been studied separately medicines due to urbanization and industrialization. In by many workers e.g., Ethnobotany of flora of Himalayas this way, indigenous knowledge which is inherited from that is, National Park of Margalla hills have been generation to generation of indigenous flora is going to be documented with their conservation status (Shinwari and extinct. So, surveys to extract the folk knowledge from Khan, 1998; 1999; 2000). Besides these individual works, the aboriginal people are significant to save this heritage. no comprehensive and significant work about the ethnomedicinal aspects has been done with reference to Bhara Kahu, Barroha and Maanga. Therefore, the present study provides information about the traditional *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. uses of native plant species in medicine. 2062 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. Ethnomedicinal inventory. Family Acanthaceae Botanical name Adhatoda zelyanica Medic. (84) Common name Bhaikar, Barg-e-baansa and Arrusa Parts used Whole plant as well. Occurrence Very common This plant is highly blood purifier and also used for cough and phlegm. The whole plant is used as fodder for the proper digestion in domestic animals. Foaming of mouth of cattle is treated by using 1 the leaves of this plant and dharaik (Melia azedirach) as fodder. The powder of leaves with neem (Azadarechta indicum) and gum of kikar (Acacia nilotica) are highly effective for the treatment diabetes. Ethnomedicinal uses Leaves are used to give away the smell of armpits and feet. The ash of leaves is mixed with mustard oil and externally applied on the pustules and pimples. Flower is also used for asthma and diabetes when mixed with rennet and mokhri (Solanum surattense) after grinding. Flower is also effective to cure jaundice. Latex of plant is externally applied on the pustules. Botanical name Barleria cristata L. (41) Common name Kal pouth Parts used Whole plant Occurrence Common Ethnomedicinal uses Whole plant is boiled in water for the treatment of cold and flu. Botanical name Diclyptera roxburghiana Nees (65) Common name Andhoosi 3 Parts used Whole plant Occurrence Common Ethnomedicinal uses Whole plant is used to avoid sun stroke in buffaloes. Family Adiantaceae Botanical name Adiantum incisum Forssk. (68) Common name Pakhi 4 Parts used Whole plant Occurrence: Rare Whole plant is grounded and used with desi ghee is local treatment Ethnomedicinal uses to cure hepatitis, jaundice and sun strokes in summer. Family Apocynaceae Botanical name Carissa opaca Stapf. en Haines (9) Common name Grinda Parts used Leaves, root and fruit Occurrence Very common 5 Juice of leaves of this plant is used for jaundice. Powder of leaves of Carissa opaca and Adhatoda vasica are used in the treatment of cold and flu in children. Decoction of leaves is used to cure Ethnomedicinal uses hepatitis, diabetes, blood purification and for thinning of blood as well. Decoction of roots of this plant is also helpful in curing of diabetes and hepatic diseases. Fruit of plant is laxative in nature and used to cure hepatic disease as well. Family Asclepiadaceae Botanical name Calotropis procera (Willd.) R. Br. (16) 6 Common name Ak, Gul e madaar Parts used Whole plant Occurrence Rare Rauf et al. 2063 Table 1. Contd. Latex is externally applied on pimples and pustules. Mixture of latex and turmeric in the ratio of 1:15 is very effective for tuberculosis. Ethnomedicinal uses This plant is used in arthritis, blood pressure and in heating of the body. Over usage of this plant is harmful. Flower is used in vigor medicines. Family Asteraceae Botanical name Cichorium intybus L. (37) Common name Kaasni 7 Parts used Whole plant Occurrence Common Whole plant is used for the preparation of green potherbs which is Ethnomedicinal uses very effective for the hepatic ailments. This plant is also a blood purifier. Family Boraginaceae Botanical name Cynoglossum denticulatum DC. (29) Common name Pitrus (Kashmiri) Parts used Root 8 Occurrence Rare The grinded form of root is used for the treatment of abdominal worms, colic pains. This part is blood purifier. The powder of root Ethnomedicinal uses after mixing with milk is applied on pimples and pustules. Also used in pediatric diseases. Family Caesalpiniaceae Botanical name Cassia fistula L. (10) Common name Amaltas, Kinjol Parts used Legume Occurrence Rare 9 The pulp of legume is very effective for intestinal infections and constipation. Decoction of legume with sugar is effective herbal remedial measure for constipation of adults and infants as well. Ethnomedicinal uses This decoction is also given to women who have recently brought forth to expel after birth materials and obesity. Pulp is also used in the treatment of inflammation. Family Cannabaceae Botanical name Cannabis sativa L. (53) Common name Bhang 10 Parts used Whole plant Occurrence Common This plant has sedative property and used in vigor medicines. Ethnomedicinal uses Flatulency of buffaloes is treated by this plant in the form of fodder. Family Celasteraceae Botanical name Maytenus royleana Wall. ex M. A. Lawson) Cufod (27) Common name Patakhi / Sumbal (Hindkoh) 11 Parts used Bark, leaves Occurrence Very common Bark or leaves in the grinded form is herbal remedy for bone Ethnomedicinal uses fractures. 2064 J. Med. Plants Res. Table 1. Contd. Family Convolvulaceae Botanical name Ipomea bederceas Choisy (49) Common name Mushki 12 Parts used Whole plant Occurrence Less common Ethnomedicinal uses This plant is used to cure sores after crushing. Family Cupressaceae Botanical name Cupressus sempervirens L.(87) Common name Saru 13. Parts used Seeds Occurrence Fairly common Ethnomedicinal uses Seeds are crushed and used for the treatment of piles. Family Euphorbiaceae Botanical name Euphorbia prostrata Ait. (67) Common name Thandi booti, Makhni booti 14 Parts used Whole plant Occurrence Common Whole plant is crushed and given with water to buffaloes to cure Ethnomedicinal uses fever. This crushed form of plant when mixed with butter is remedy for jaundice. Family Geraniaceae Botanical name Geranium rotundifolium L. (46) Common name Saanchal/ Gul bakhsh 15 Parts used Whole plant Occurrence Fairly common Ethnomedicinal uses Whole plant is cooked after drying and is eaten to cure constipation. Family Lamiaceae Botanical name Micromeria biflora Buch-Ham.ex D. Don. (70) Common name Persia o washan 16 Parts used Whole plant Occurrence Common Decoction of plant is very effective treatment for cold, flue, and Ethnomedicinal uses lungs infections. Botanical name Ottostegia limbata (Bth.) Boiss. (63) Common name Chitta jand 17 Parts used Leaves Occurrence Less common Ethnomedicinal uses Leaves are crushed and used for acidity of stomach. Family Liliaceae Botanical name Aloe barbadensis Mill.(89) Common name Ghee gawar, Kanwaar gandal Parts used Leaves, Pulp Occurrence Common 18 Pulp is mixed with flour of barley so after cooking the bread it becomes very effective for diabetes. Pulp tightens the skin which can be directly applied or with milk. Sweet dish of pulp is used to Ethnomedicinal uses cure backache. Small part of plant is engulfed for the treatment of piles.
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