SPECIFIC TERMS and CONDITIONS for TRANSACTIONS with DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (DFI) Contents
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Macroeconomic and Foreign Exchange Policies of Major Trading Partners of the United States
REPORT TO CONGRESS Macroeconomic and Foreign Exchange Policies of Major Trading Partners of the United States U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS December 2020 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 1 SECTION 1: GLOBAL ECONOMIC AND EXTERNAL DEVELOPMENTS ................................... 12 U.S. ECONOMIC TRENDS .................................................................................................................................... 12 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS IN SELECTED MAJOR TRADING PARTNERS ...................................................... 24 ENHANCED ANALYSIS UNDER THE 2015 ACT ................................................................................................ 48 SECTION 2: INTENSIFIED EVALUATION OF MAJOR TRADING PARTNERS ....................... 63 KEY CRITERIA ..................................................................................................................................................... 63 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ..................................................................................................................................... 67 GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS IN THE REPORT ............................................................................... 69 This Report reviews developments in international economic and exchange rate policies and is submitted pursuant to the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, 22 U.S.C. § 5305, and Section -
Central Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange and Derivatives Market Activity
FR 3036 OMB No. 7100-0285 Hours per Response: 55.0 Approval expires: May 31, 2022 Instructions for the Central Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange and Derivatives Market Activity Turnover Survey April 2019 FR 3036 OMB No. 7100-0285 This report is authorized by law (12 U.S.C. §§ 225a and 263). Your voluntary cooperation in submitting this report is needed to make the results comprehensive, accurate and timely. The Federal Reserve may not conduct or sponsor, and an organization is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. The Federal Reserve System regards the individual institution information provided by each respondent as confidential [5 U.S.C. §552(b)(4)]. If it should be determine d that any information collected on this form must be released, other than in the aggregate in ways that will not reveal the amounts reported by any one institution, respondents will be notified. Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to be 55 hours per response, including time to gather and maintain data in the proper form, to review instructions and to complete the information collection. Send comments regarding this burden estimate to: Secretary, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 20th and C Streets, NW, Washington, DC 20551; and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project, (7100-0285), Washington, DC 20503. Turnover Survey FR 3036 April 2019 Instructions A. Introduction These instructions cover the turnover part of the survey. The turnover part of the survey will be conducted on a locational basis. -
2016 Triennial Central Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange and OTC Derivatives Market Activity Frequently Asked Questions and Answers
Restricted 20 January 2016 2016 Triennial Central Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange and OTC Derivatives Market Activity Frequently asked questions and answers Table of Contents A. Risk categories ............................................................................................................... 3 1. Foreign exchange transactions: the reporting of gold ............................................ 3 B. Instruments ..................................................................................................................... 3 1. Reporting of currency options strategies ............................................................... 3 2. Reporting of FX swaps .......................................................................................... 3 3. Categorisation of currency swaptions and interest rate swaptions ........................ 4 4. Reporting of in/out swaps between CLS members ................................................ 4 5. Reporting of “cash/same day” transactions. .......................................................... 4 C. Counterparties ................................................................................................................ 4 1. Definition of reporting dealers ................................................................................ 4 2. The lists of reporting dealers for the two parts of the survey ................................. 5 3. Counterparties in a FX prime brokerage relationship ............................................ 5 4. Treatment of centrally cleared -
Asian Journal of Comparative Law
Asian Journal of Comparative Law Volume 5, Issue 1 2010 Article 8 Financial Regulation in Hong Kong: Time for a Change Douglas W. Arner, University of Hong Kong Berry F.C. Hsu, University of Hong Kong Antonio M. Da Roza, University of Hong Kong Recommended Citation: Douglas W. Arner, Berry F.C. Hsu, and Antonio M. Da Roza (2010) "Financial Regulation in Hong Kong: Time for a Change," Asian Journal of Comparative Law: Vol. 5 : Iss. 1, Article 8. Available at: http://www.bepress.com/asjcl/vol5/iss1/art8 DOI: 10.2202/1932-0205.1238 ©2010 Berkeley Electronic Press. All rights reserved. Financial Regulation in Hong Kong: Time for a Change Douglas W. Arner, Berry F.C. Hsu, and Antonio M. Da Roza Abstract The global financial system experienced its first systemic crisis since the 1930s in autumn 2008, with the failure of major financial institutions in the United States and Europe and the seizure of global credit markets. Although Hong Kong was not at the epicentre of this crisis, it was nonetheless affected. Following an overview of Hong Kong's existing financial regulatory framework, the article discusses the global financial crisis and its impact in Hong Kong, as well as regulatory responses to date. From this basis, the article discusses recommendations for reforms in Hong Kong to address weaknesses highlighted by the crisis, focusing on issues relating to Lehman Brothers "Minibonds." The article concludes by looking forward, recommending that the crisis be taken not only as the catalyst to resolve existing weaknesses but also to strengthen and enhance Hong Kong's role and competitiveness as China's premier international financial centre. -
DEPARTMENT of the TREASURY Determination of Foreign Exchange
This document has been submitted to the Office of the Federal Register (OFR) for publication and is pending placement on public display at the OFR and publication in the Federal Register. The document may vary slightly from the published document if minor editorial changes have been made during the OFR review process. Upon publication in the Federal Register, the regulation can be found at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/fr/, www.regulations.gov, and at www.treasury.gov. The document published in the Federal Register is the official document. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Determination of Foreign Exchange Swaps and Foreign Exchange Forwards under the Commodity Exchange Act AGENCY: Department of the Treasury, Departmental Offices. ACTION: Notice of Proposed Determination. SUMMARY: The Commodity Exchange Act (―CEA‖), as amended by Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (―Dodd-Frank Act‖), authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury (―Secretary‖) to issue a written determination exempting foreign exchange swaps, foreign exchange forwards, or both, from the definition of a ―swap‖ under the CEA. The Secretary proposes to issue a determination that would exempt both foreign exchange swaps and foreign exchange forwards from the definition of ―swap,‖ in accordance with the relevant provisions of the CEA and invites comment on the proposed determination, as well as the factors supporting such a determination. DATES: Written comments must be received on or before [INSERT DATE THAT IS 30 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], to be assured of consideration. ADDRESSES: Submission of Comments by mail: You may submit comments to: Office of Financial Markets, Department of the Treasury, 1500 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W., Washington, DC, 20220. -
Product Disclosure Statement
Product Disclosure Statement United States & Canada (January 2014) Global Payment and Risk Management Solutions Product Disclosure Statement - United States & Canada January 2014 Contents Introduction . 3 Products . 3 Trade Confirmations . 8 Telephone Recordings . 8 Complaints . 8 Privacy Statement . 14 Fraud Protection . 15 Compliance . 16 Taxation . 17 Contact Us . 18 Glossary . 19 Page 2 of 20 Product Disclosure Statement - United States & Canada January 2014 Introduction This Product Disclosure Statement (PDS) contains About AFEX information about the Global Payment and Risk Associated Foreign Exchange, Inc . (AFEX), a California Management Solutions provided to you by AFEX . Corporation located at Warner Center, 21045 Califa Street, Woodland Hills, California 91367 United States, is The information set out in this PDS is general in nature licensed and regulated as a Money Transmitter by several and has been prepared without taking into account your State Regulatory Agencies, and it is registered as a Money objectives, financial situation or needs . Before dealing Services Business (MSB) with the Financial Crimes in foreign exchange transactions you should consider Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a bureau of the United whether it is appropriate, having regard to your own States Department of the Treasury Financial . In addition, objectives, financial situation and needs . This PDS does AFEX is also registered with the Financial Transactions and not constitute financial or legal advice, including financial Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC) . recommendations . If you need legal advice, please seek the services of an Established in 1979, AFEX effectively pioneered the attorney . business of personalized foreign exchange services, tailored to small and mid-size business clients . AFEX is If you have any questions or need more information, please wholly owned by Associated Foreign Exchange Holdings, contact your AFEX Account Executive or visit our website at Inc . -
Interest Rate Swaps
Interest Rate Swaps • An interest rate swap is a contract between two counterparties who agree to exchange the future interest rate payments they make on loans or bonds. These two counterparties are banks, businesses, hedge funds, or investors. • The most common is the so-called vanilla swap. It's when a counterparty swaps floating-rate payments with the other party's fixed-rate payments. • The floating-rate payment is tied to the Libor, which is the interest rate banks charge each other for short-term loans. • The counterparty that wants to swap its floating-rate payments and receive fixed-rate payments is called a receiver or seller. The counterparty that wants to swap its fixed-rate payments is the payer. • The counterparties make payments on loans or bonds of the same size. This is called the notional principle. • In a swap, they only exchange interest payments, not the bond itself. • A smaller number of swaps are between two counter parties with floating- rate payments. • Also, the present value of the two payment streams must also be the same. That means that over the length of the bond, each counterparty will pay the same amount. It’s easy to calculate the NPV for the fixed-rate bond because the payment is always the same. It's more difficult to predict with the floating rate bond. The payment stream is based on Libor, which can change. Based on what they know today, both parties have to agree then on what they think will probably happen with interest rates. • A typical swap contract lasts for one to 15 years. -
Foreign Exchange Markets and Exchange Rates
Salvatore c14.tex V2 - 10/18/2012 1:15 P.M. Page 423 Foreign Exchange Markets chapter and Exchange Rates LEARNING GOALS: After reading this chapter, you should be able to: • Understand the meaning and functions of the foreign exchange market • Know what the spot, forward, cross, and effective exchange rates are • Understand the meaning of foreign exchange risks, hedging, speculation, and interest arbitrage 14.1 Introduction The foreign exchange market is the market in which individuals, firms, and banks buy and sell foreign currencies or foreign exchange. The foreign exchange market for any currency—say, the U.S. dollar—is comprised of all the locations (such as London, Paris, Zurich, Frankfurt, Singapore, Hong Kong, Tokyo, and New York) where dollars are bought and sold for other currencies. These different monetary centers are connected electronically and are in constant contact with one another, thus forming a single international foreign exchange market. Section 14.2 examines the functions of foreign exchange markets. Section 14.3 defines foreign exchange rates and arbitrage, and examines the relationship between the exchange rate and the nation’s balance of payments. Section 14.4 defines spot and forward rates and discusses foreign exchange swaps, futures, and options. Section 14.5 then deals with foreign exchange risks, hedging, and spec- ulation. Section 14.6 examines uncovered and covered interest arbitrage, as well as the efficiency of the foreign exchange market. Finally, Section 14.7 deals with the Eurocurrency, Eurobond, and Euronote markets. In the appendix, we derive the formula for the precise calculation of the covered interest arbitrage margin. -
Foreign Exchange Training Manual
CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED BY BARCLAYS SOURCE: LEHMAN LIVE LEHMAN BROTHERS FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRAINING MANUAL Confidential Treatment Requested By Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. LBEX-LL 3356480 CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT REQUESTED BY BARCLAYS SOURCE: LEHMAN LIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................... PAGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE SPOT: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1 FXSPOT: AN INTRODUCTION TO FOREIGN EXCHANGE SPOT TRANSACTIONS ........... 2 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 2 WJ-IAT IS AN OUTRIGHT? ..................................................................................................... 3 VALUE DATES ........................................................................................................................... 4 CREDIT AND SETTLEMENT RISKS .................................................................................. 6 EXCHANGE RATE QUOTATION TERMS ...................................................................... 7 RECIPROCAL QUOTATION TERMS (RATES) ............................................................. 10 EXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTS ................................................................................... 11 SHORTCUT ............................................................................................................................... -
Introduction Section 4000.1
Introduction Section 4000.1 This section contains product profiles of finan- Each product profile contains a general cial instruments that examiners may encounter description of the product, its basic character- during the course of their review of capital- istics and features, a depiction of the market- markets and trading activities. Knowledge of place, market transparency, and the product’s specific financial instruments is essential for uses. The profiles also discuss pricing conven- examiners’ successful review of these activities. tions, hedging issues, risks, accounting, risk- These product profiles are intended as a general based capital treatments, and legal limitations. reference for examiners; they are not intended to Finally, each profile contains references for be independently comprehensive but are struc- more information. tured to give a basic overview of the instruments. Trading and Capital-Markets Activities Manual February 1998 Page 1 Federal Funds Section 4005.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION commonly used to transfer funds between depository institutions: Federal funds (fed funds) are reserves held in a bank’s Federal Reserve Bank account. If a bank • The selling institution authorizes its district holds more fed funds than is required to cover Federal Reserve Bank to debit its reserve its Regulation D reserve requirement, those account and credit the reserve account of the excess reserves may be lent to another financial buying institution. Fedwire, the Federal institution with an account at a Federal Reserve Reserve’s electronic funds and securities trans- Bank. To the borrowing institution, these funds fer network, is used to complete the transfer are fed funds purchased. To the lending institu- with immediate settlement. -
FR 2052A Complex Institution Liquidity Monitoring Report OMB Number 7100-0361 Approval Expires March 31, 2022
FR 2052a Complex Institution Liquidity Monitoring Report OMB Number 7100-0361 Approval expires March 31, 2022 Public reporting burden for this information collection is estimated to average 120 hours per response for monthly filers and 220 hours per response for daily filers, including time to gather and maintain data in the required form and to review instructions and complete the information collection. Comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this information collection, including suggestions for reducing the burden, may be sent to Secretary, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 20th and C Streets, NW, Washington, DC 20551, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (7100-0361), Washington, DC 20503. FR 2052a Instructions GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Purpose The FR 2052a report collects data elements that will enable the Federal Reserve to assess the liquidity profile of reporting firms. FR 2052a data will be shared with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to monitor compliance with the LCR Rule. Confidentiality The data collected on the FR 2052a report receives confidential treatment. Information for which confidential treatment is provided may subsequently be released in accordance with the terms of 12 CFR 261.16 or as otherwise provided by law. Information that has been shared with the OCC or the FDIC may be released in accordance with the terms of 12 CFR 260.20(g). LCR Rule For purposes of these instructions, the LCR Rule means 12 CFR part 50 for national banks and Federal savings associations, Regulation WW or 12 CFR part 249 for Board‐regulated institutions, and 12 CFR part 329 for the FDIC‐supervised institutions. -
The Empirical Robustness of FX Smile Construction Procedures
Centre for Practiicall Quantiitatiive Fiinance CPQF Working Paper Series No. 20 FX Volatility Smile Construction Dimitri Reiswich and Uwe Wystup April 2010 Authors: Dimitri Reiswich Uwe Wystup PhD Student CPQF Professor of Quantitative Finance Frankfurt School of Finance & Management Frankfurt School of Finance & Management Frankfurt/Main Frankfurt/Main [email protected] [email protected] Publisher: Frankfurt School of Finance & Management Phone: +49 (0) 69 154 008-0 Fax: +49 (0) 69 154 008-728 Sonnemannstr. 9-11 D-60314 Frankfurt/M. Germany FX Volatility Smile Construction Dimitri Reiswich, Uwe Wystup Version 1: September, 8th 2009 Version 2: March, 20th 2010 Abstract The foreign exchange options market is one of the largest and most liquid OTC derivative markets in the world. Surprisingly, very little is known in the aca- demic literature about the construction of the most important object in this market: The implied volatility smile. The smile construction procedure and the volatility quoting mechanisms are FX specific and differ significantly from other markets. We give a detailed overview of these quoting mechanisms and introduce the resulting smile construction problem. Furthermore, we provide a new formula which can be used for an efficient and robust FX smile construction. Keywords: FX Quotations, FX Smile Construction, Risk Reversal, Butterfly, Stran- gle, Delta Conventions, Malz Formula Dimitri Reiswich Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, Centre for Practical Quantitative Finance, e-mail: [email protected] Uwe Wystup Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, Centre for Practical Quantitative Finance, e-mail: [email protected] 1 2 Dimitri Reiswich, Uwe Wystup 1 Delta– and ATM–Conventions in FX-Markets 1.1 Introduction It is common market practice to summarize the information of the vanilla options market in the volatility smile table which includes Black-Scholes implied volatili- ties for different maturities and moneyness levels.