1957 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6639
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS The Road Ahead for Business ment-the Hoover Commission-headed by 1s not supposed to compete with private a truly great native Iowan, former President business. Hoover. Secondly, the competition that ls estab· EXTENSION OF REMARKS In almost 2 years of committee hearings lished between private business and Gov OF on the report of both the first and the sec ernment is not only a breach of principle, ond Hoover Commissions, I've seen the work but it is decidedly unfair. As you very well HON. THOS. E. MARTIN of the various junior chambers of commerce, know, one of the items that is highly im all across the country. It is my impression portant in establishing a record in business OF IOWA that in many, many areas the junior cham is the ability to keep production costs at a. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES ber was one of the first-and often the very minimum. The b'.isinessman who keeps his Wednesday, May 8, 1957 first-organization to put its weight behind costs below his competitors' has a better the recommendations of the Hoover Com chanc~ to establish a lower cost for his Mr. MARTIN of Iowa. Mr. President, missions. For that interest and public serv product. When business and Government I ask unanimous consent to have printed ice, I sincerely congratulate you. In turning are the competitors however, Government in the Appendix of the RECORD an address your efforts toward one of the great tasks has certain advantages on its side. For ex which I delivered before the annual con facing our people today-that of reorganiz ample, Government business enterprises vention of the Junior Chambers of Com ing certain portions of our Government are usually relieved of many important you are fulfilling one of the public services charges private business must pay-charges merce of Iowa at Waterloo, Iowa, on May for which the junior chamber of commerce like taxes, interest, depreciation, a full pay 4, on the subject, The Road Ahead for was founded. roll and fringe benefits to personnel. I'm Business." National defense, security, and the general certain if your competitor were allowed to There being no objection, the address public interest sometimes justify active con ignore these charges you would consider the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, duct of limited business operations by the competition highly one-sided, yet when Gov as follows: Government, but in my service on the Sub ernment is doing the competing, it enters committee To Study the Findings of the the economic battle with these built-in THE ROAD AHEAD FOR BUSINESS Hoover Commission, I have seen a great num advantages. (Address by THos. E. MARTIN, Republican, ber of instances where Government has vio..; There are two possible reasons why Gov Iowa, before the annual convention of the lated its proper role in relation to business. ernment has continued in these business Junior Chambers of Commerce of Iowa, To emphasize this point, allow me to pass activities. I have little patience with either Waterloo, Iowa, May 4, 1957) on to you some of my observations. Of them. One reason is the natural resist Mr. Chairman and my good friends of the It is impossible to make a precise estimate ance to change of great size and magnitude Junior Chambers of Commerce of Iowa, it is of the number and type of private enterprises in established operations. It certainly is a great pleasure to address your convention into which Government has extended itself easier to let things ride, but we can't afford tonight. The many communities of Iowa in the last several years. We did discover, to ignore any fund~mental disregard of prin are no different from any firm or any.organ however, that within the Department of De ciples. The other reason is that the advo ization-they need the enthusiasm, the in fense alone, the total number of commercial cates of Government in business sincerely be· terest and the new blood of their younger and industrial-type facilities that were owned lieve Government can do a better job than members in order to stay alive. Through the by the Government exceeded 2,500. Our sub private enterprise. Such persons haven't junior chambers of commerce, the towns committee was told by the Hoover Commis read their history lessons carefully enough. and the cities of Iowa benefit greatly from sion that on the 31st of December 1954, there They don't understand the philosophy of your knowledge and your services. To say were 47 categories of this type of enterprise our Constitution, our Government or our you are doing an outstanding service for the that the Defense Department was operating. people. areas in which you live would be a gross The list is far too long to enumerate now, I'm proud to report to you this evening understatement. You are making a signifi but let me call off a few of them for you. that in Washington we are '1.oing something cant contribution, not only through the Each of these is an instance where the Gov about this breach of principle. In the last many worthwhile projects you i .itiate and ernment actually owned n.J.d operated the 2 years the Defense Department alone has carry through, but also by the very fact that business: A clothing manufacturing plant, a closed down 359 Government businesses, and you care enough about your community to paint factory, an ice-cream plant, an eye action by other agencies brings the total work for it through your organization. I glass manufacturing firm, a furniture repair closed down to almost 500. Each of these sincerely congratulate you on your interest shop, a cement mixing plant, a tree and gar 500 examples is an instance wherein the and your service. den nursery, a coffee roasting business, an Government formerly operated a business I am going to talk to you about "the road airline, a steamship line and a railroad. operated it in direct competition with pri ahead for business." Since most of you par The estimates were that the total Govern vate business-operated it to such an extent ticipate in the business life of your commu ment capital involved probably exceeded $15 that in some cases it gained a monopoly nity, the future road of business is of real billion. I believe your conclusion is the because private business couldn't compete interest. same as mine. and had to fold up-but in each of the 500 You and I have a common meeting place It is easy to see how the Government be cases the Federal Government is now out of for my brief remarks tonight. You partic came involved in these businesses. Because private business and free enterprise has ipate actively in the business world of today of exceptional circumstances-an economic gained what it should not have lost. I'm and I am employed as one of your servants emergency or perhaps the emergency of war proud of the job we've done in the past 5 in government. Our mutual interest con the Government became involved in areas years. It's sheer nonsense to find the Gov cerns the blending of these two forces-busi usually reserved for private enterprise. But ernment involved in making bread, mixing ness and government. In the complex world the continuance in business by Government cement or repairing furniture. But a great of today government and business are thrown long after the emergency had passed is a dif deal remains to be done. We find special together in a variety of ways. That associa ferent matter. In 1954, a subcommittee of pockets of resistance whenever we start to tion generally works to the great benefit of the House Committee on Government opera translate a recommendation into a concrete both. Whenever the association works to the tions found that from 1929 to 1948 public removal of Government from a specific busi detriment of business, it behooves all of us wealth had grown 287.5 percent while private ness field. We will continue the fight to keep to do what we can to improve matters and wealth had increased only 78.7 percent. In Government where it should be. And we when a business group has organized a 1929 the public wealth represented only 15 welcome the support of such fine groups as monopoly that restricts trade and the free percent of the total national wealth, but in the junior chambers of commerce. fl.ow of commerce, government must step in. 1948 the public wealth amounted to 27.3 per I may have given you the idea that GOV'• There are other instances where the Gov cent of the total national wealth. These ernment should never be involved with busi ernment has undertaken competitive busi figures occasioned this comnient from one ness matters. That would be a mistaken ness operations that are not warranted. I of the Government leaders in Washington: idea. There are certain areas where Govern have had a firsthand view of some of the This is not creeping socialism-it's galloping ment and business can work together closely, abuses· that have occurred. When I became along at a very fast pace. hand in hand, to the mutual benefit of both. a Member of the Senate, I was assigned to There are many reasons why this is an One such area was aptly defined by President the Government Operations Committee. One unfortunate trend-why this trend must be Eisenhower in his economic report for 1956. of the subcommittees of that group is the stopped. In the first place it violates the I would like to quote a few sentences from Subcommittee on Reorganization of Govern basic principles of our Government. With• that report because the President puts his ment. We have been holding hearings and out any question, our Constitution places finger squarely on one of the most important investigating the recommendations and find protective and regulatory functions in the segments of our economy: ings of the second Commission on Organiza Federal Government rather than the right "Government can strengthen competitive tion of the Executive Branch of Govern• to produce goods and services. Government markets by helping small and medium sized 6&1:0 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 8 businesses overcome impediments to their of this Government agency, 7 out o! 8 of was permanent. This confidence would expansion. In our mod{;lrn economy with them are made in cooperation with private spread to businessmen also. In short, the its heavy capital requirements, high 'talXes batiks. As I lru'freatea be.fore, tnis is 1lhe Srriall Business Administration is doing a and emphasis on national markets, -small model pa'ttern of cooperation between 'Gov 'Splendid job and I want to see it continue concerns are subject to serious handicaps in ernment and private business. In Iowa it its program of aiding and assisting the small many nnes nf enl!leavor. lYl!t "th'e con:t1:ml -works the way 'it stmu"id "WOI'k. businesses ot the CGWitry. ance of small and medium sized businesses, 'Jlhe flecom.1.fUllCt.J.lllll d the Small Business The small businesses of the country, and .and their 'a'billty o iprosper and :gr.ow, are Administration is to assist small buEinesses particularly those of Iowa, are making a "W.tal to the :Nation's w.elfa.re. • -. • Wlmn in ~i'ng a ta.ix sb:are ur Government :con great ..contribution .to 'the ~Y of the .tne Government nel.ps sma.ller -canoerm; rto "tr~s. There :are two reasons for this patlcy. country. They have :&hared the burdens that overcome 1iame .ol' the 'htndr:anoes to 1their In 1lhe first place, it .seems mama:tic tlha't a accom,pany economic or international crises. ..growth, lit is acting in the t:rtter..ests of the "thriving anel successful ..small-business com . And filley have contributed significantly to whole economy."' municy is the :com.man denominator to A.iroc the strength of the peacetime economy of It is not my role this evening to '3Dllke a oessful American -economy. O'a:r systmn of our country. Small business asks no special J.la.rtiHn speech to you, !but I wattld like ·to free enterprise uepends on bo'th sm:a11 lmd ifavors Irom this or au~ admiuis:tr&tion. .It d:.te the Teeord d the -past five :y~BJ."S in :r.ela large business. By .making .aerta.in the small asks onl:Y to fbe .allowed .:to gr.ow in an at tian lto the program to help :the Email . busi- :businesses -of tbe country receive th-eir pro mo~here of free economy and fair com nesses of the oomrtliy, ;rm. 'Certain you re portlonam -sbare of Government '.COntracts petitiOn. With Jill :the power 11.t my member, as .Ldo, the many 'Charges "'that 11ew we a.re helpmg to .assure ourselv.es of a nommand I .shall continue to w<>rk towa;rd ba-ck and forth a.crass "the country .il:a'St .No he-althy economy. :seoondly, ·in tbe -event of ·this _g-Da-1. vember to -the .etteet that "'the small-business it national-defense -emergency_, it is neces man has been the forgotten man. 'No s:pe:ech sary 'that the Email bUsinesses of -the coun llil -the future Uf business in our .cnuntry :cnn try are ready Ior Tull mObiUzation . .History Ninth Anniv.ersary of lnflependence el be complete ~tb:out .a .recimtiou m l!ome of makes it .abllndlUltly :elear that in 'bhe ev.ent the acoomplishments 1n >this iield in the last of such an emergency the country needs fille l•raet 1ive 'Years. effictenoy .and 1ngenuitf or the small-busi The Gm.rernment ..a:geney that 1s 'tied .!most n~ss man. EXTENSION OF REMARKS directly with .the -small businesses of the The t'hird function -Of the Small Business l:aunt.cy is .the 'Small J3llBiness ..Aclministra i\tiministration i's to provide management OF ticm. ':Chis ;agency, 1Cr.eated ,in 195.8, is the &na. technlcal assistance for tihe small bmi first agency in our country's htstary .that. is -nesses of 'thle .country. The . "significance of HON.· JACOB K. JAVlfS aevote'd ESClnsi:rely to aicli.ng 'the -small busi 11lis assistance ·is higb1iglrted by "figures OF .NEW .Y:OltX nesses of tht!i CC1Untry. The ~ncti'ons of the "'from Dun & llradstc.e~ .tndlca'ting that IN TFIE SENATE OF THE 1UNITI!lD f:>TATES Small Business Administration can be sum 86 iper,cent of business failures are due to Wednesday_, MO@ 8, 1957 marized in.to f-om .categories: poor mllllagement. rm 'Certain :you are 1. To pro:vide financial assistance Alld Beutely :aware :of one fact-: .today., !the busi- Mr. .JA'VITS. Mr. President, on the ceunseliDg. , nessma.n is eompetin·g in ·a highly complex oeeasion of the ninth anmversaT_y of the 2. To pr.ovide _proourement assistanoo to business 'World :of ~ting practices, cost "nd d f I l t"',,,,,..,,. small .firms. oontrols, -time and motion stud:ies, and a 'I epen enc~ ·o ~ srae,, L~L'C wa~ a 3.. Xo secure for &malrl business managa ~reat "varit:!t'y .of similar business -practices .commemcrativ.e ~ner .~1:'1 m Wa~ inent and .technka.l assistance. anti stu:d.ies. '!lhe :SBA's pr,ogz:am to grant - ton by the wome.n s d1vLS10n_. .American 4. To provide disaster loans far .small tacbn1cal assistance .anu -managerial -aids to Jewish -Oongil'ess. The igatheliing 'WB.S businesses. .sm-all-lbusiness men puts him inn a more .addT.essefl by the Ambassador of F.r.BlDCe The SBA .1s most noted for the financial -n-e-arly equal ..footing ·viith his big bro'ther_ to the United States, Hervi Alphaind; loans .and ass·istance it provides for -the _ 'The .Small Business Administration tt1p- by the Amba'SSador from ~sme11o the .small-business ·cammunitie.s of our -Nation. erates tthis program_ in a variety of ways. United States Abba "Eban -and t>y One thing that is highly significant is the "Booklets and 1pam-plilets are made ava1la.1Sle, If. ' ' iPr.ocedur.al pattenn .of the Small Business ~urses a.re offered in conjunction With col- .myse . . Admillistr.a.tiOll. in .this field. ~.rue to the leges and :universities and. a new products - 'The .occasion of the dinner .of the prlnclples we .conceiv.e .to be basic to our -program is contlucted 'by tne SBA. .Ame11.iean-Jewish Oengress demonstr.ated .economy, the SBA does not _compete with t:>f course, the •elfeetlveness of Govern- three tpnints -which are so vital on this private bank-s. .It is n-ot the function of this ment ln thls program 1£ decid-edly llmited. anniversary: 'fir-st, that Israel has per Government .agency .to com,pete dillec.tly wlth The Bma11 ButSiness Administration, and the fo1med its mission 'Of being a haven f.or private banks for lo.ans to small business. top offici1als of the executive branch of Gov- appressed Jews from -everywhere its Rather, it is .an auxiliar_y for_ce-one that ernment, ;realize .that sucb a program must . . _ ' works with -banks to the eventual better be lmtire-ly -voluntary in natul'e. -Certainly doors oemg wide open to persecuted ment of the business climate of the Ao.un- . you ·do not want the Government to step in .J-ews i110Ill w?erever they ma.y ~ome ; try. Two-thir.ds of aJl loans made thrcough e;mt te11 yon nGw tto run your business. second. Israel cs .able and herore eff.orts the SBA are .e.ccomplisbed in ..cooperation But the SBA ma.ires this information avail- m secmeitsnational integrity ;and make with parti-cipatin._g banks. I am particularly 'll.ble if .you desire it. ll'his . aree. is one in the oountry viable; a;nd, rthird, that '.£8- proud of the r.ecor.d Jn this field .made in the which the junio: <:hamben; of D?-merce rael is a firm ally of the United States State of Iowa.. Without encumherl~ _y.ou ~t .ln~e a Sigmficant oontributmn to in the struggle of th~ free peoples of the with figures., I would Uke to cite the record :thlllr bumness commmllties. to prove that in .Iowa. ;the SBi\ and the pri- -Th-e:fourtil fmmtion of the SBA is oral that w.orld. ~ . 11ate banks ace w.orking to._g-etber in a model '1Dr.ttma:tely w.e haven't needed to a great I ask unarumous CQnsent 'to .have pattern <>f ,priJ.rate and Government coqpera lrlEli's were made whereby the banks and 'the SBA million tor Connectie'Ut, but it ls goOd to DIVISION, AMERICAN JEW,ISH 00NGRESS, NA participated jointly lmmedia:tely .a-nd .another known this service -emts if we do meed it. !I'IONAL CONVENTION, SHOREHAM HOTEL, 73 loans were ..made whereby the b&Iik .made I have spent £ome time diseussing 'tlle WASHINQTDN,D. C., ~y 6 the loan for the .first portion c0f .the "term 'SBA with you. "'I re-el this agency 'Of gov T.he iVita.1 :question -tar mu .a gov.ernmsnt .and 'the Small Business AlF imiporta:nt when ~rou.r.eali:ae1;hat years cosponsors ef legtsllttion -currently 'before an:niv.mrsa:ry .of 7th~ .es:tab.Usl:aue:rtt .of Israel, ago .under the BF\C .apprcOO.mai;ely ;one-~d the Senate which 'WOlllld make 1llre SBA a ¥1e note tllait Ismel ll-as met evf!ry ttmda ar ~ iloam w.ere participafling lomm !8-nd "Perm-anent organtza'tiun. i believe that cer mental ch-all:enge -wlrt:Ch .has 'been .extended the .other twD-:thirds were anade cSOJ:ely by the .tain 'definite •ad.vantages -would "'l'esult il "We to her. Gn'MT!J1'RPI1± agency_ Under 'the SBA, na catad make 1lhts .:arm ..o! Government per !'.t «preserved its e~ ~t .fibe ag tiolnvide, about 70 percent of 'the lo&nll 1:1.re ma;neni;. For en.mp~. 1: believe the ;agency ~an m 1J:re ~g .Arab ..states .mlilie mi cooperation '.Wltth batiks. 'But in \WOlllG. be able to Nebraska's children's laws." death and extermination because they had As for the Gaza Strip, I think the U. N. Mrs. Abel was born in Plattsmouth, Nebr .• no refuge. There is now a refuge, and this emergency forces are servin_g a real purpose and has lived in that State all :ner life. She refuge is proving equal to its mission; - help there. Now what happened there in ad met her late husband, George Abel, when is, of course, needed but the structure is mitting the Egyptians to civilian control the two were students at the University of there of hope, not hopelessness, as before. and of the joining of certain Arab police on Nebraska. · United States-Israel relations are much the Gaza Strip border with Israel is not to After graduation he started a construction improved. Economic aid for the fiscal year the liking of many of us, including myself. company with $100 in savings. The business ending June 30, 1957, not yet allocated to But I think the important thing is that the grew to a large firm. Israel, has been under negotiation since UNEF is there and remains there and our When Mr. Abel died in 1937, his wife took Israel's forces evacuated Gaza and Sinai. determination must be to keep it there, over as company president. She ran the This will, I am confident, within ·the next because it does seem to be doing a fairly business for 15 years. Then she turned it few months, result in Israel's receiving the practical job of restraining infiltration raids over to her only son. same amount of economic aid it received in across the border into Israel. Mrs. Abel was elected to a short term in the fiscal year 1956. United States technical In short, I think Israel will live, survive, the United States Senate after the death of assistance is being restored to the level it be successful and do its job; and I have Senator Dwight Griswold in 1954, and served had before the October 1956 hostilities and tried to outline some of the things that we from November 1954, to January 1955. will continue. The program of supplying need to do in commemoration of this great Next Friday she will be honored as the agricultural commodities under Public Law anniversary in helping Israel. Beyond American Mother of 1957 at the annual 480 is also going forward and I understand everything else, let us not forget that our awards luncheon of the mothers committee the Export-Import Bank loan mission under support both financial-which includes the at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. Lynn Stambaugh will go out in July. Fi United States Government and individual nally, Representative Richards and his mis Americans-and moral must continue to be Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, will the sion have just been in Israel on the Eisen forthcoming for considerable time to insure Senator yield? hower doctrine but neither Israel nor our what we aspired to for Israel-its security Mr. HRUSKA. I yield to my colleague. Government has as yet announced a policy. and independence; its ability to perform its Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, I share The value of Israel's contribution to the mission for harassed and persecuted Jews in the expression of pride and apprecia peace and security of the free world can be everywhere, and its continued cooperation as a strong ally of the free world. tion that this honor has come to the seen from its policy in the recent Jordan State of Nebraska. Mrs. Hazel Abel was crisis. Israel's sensible, hands-off action contributed greatly to the solution of what a distinguished Member of this body. might have been the start of world war III. She has been named American Mother Israel made no threats and took no action of the Year. I wish to congratulate her to deepen the crisis. Yet the mere fact of Mrs. Hazel Abel, Former Senator From and to express my feeling of pride that Israel's presence on Jordan's border-and its · Nebraska, Named Mother of 1957 this honor has come to her and to our strength-appears to have been an impor State. tant factor in restraining Egypt and Syria · EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, will the from aggressive action there which would Senator yield? inevitably have involved others and put in OF jeopardy the survival of Jordan itself as a Mr. HRUSKA. I yield to the Senator country. HON. ROMAN L. HRUSKA from South Dakota. Now, as to Israel's security and integrity- OF NEBRASKA Mr. MUNDT. I should like to associ 1ts security and integrity depend upon two IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES ate myself, Mr. President, with the felici factors. First, is it economically practical? tations extended by the two Senators And second, will it be submerged by some Wednesday, May 8, 1957 from Nebraska. Mrs. Hazel Abel is a form of forceful attack from the out.5ide? Mr. HRUSKA. Mr. Prerident, a great neighbor of ours, in South Dakota. I Now as to it.5 economic viability, it is making honor has come not only to this body, have known her for a long time. She great strides ahead. It still has a very seri but, likewise, to the State of Nebraska, served with distinction as a Member of our imbalance in its foreign exchange posi the Senate. tion, but this is attributable primarily to the in the naming, as American Mother of blockade, boycott, and other unfriendly eco 1957, of Mrs. Hazel Abel, who served in I was visiting with the South Dakota nomic actions by the Arab States which the Senate in 1954. Mother of the Year, Mrs. Hans Sorenson, surround it and which are its natural mar I ask unanimous consent that an ar of South Dakota, in my office this week. ket. It might well be pointed out that the ticle from the Washington Evening Star She expressed her high regard for this Arab States are passing up the chance for of May 7, 1957, may be printed in the outstanding American lady. tremendous economic boons, for Israel is a Appendix of the RECORD. I join in congratulating our neighbors great manufacturer of inexpensive goods There being no objection, the article in Nebraska. which could contribute greatly to enhancing Mr. HRUSKA. I should like to thank their own standards of living. Some peace was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, ful understanding with Israel-which Israel as follows: the Senator from South Dakota. has consistently proposed-and an end to MRS. ABEL, Ex-SENATOR, NAMED MOTHER OF Arab intransigence would solve the Palestine 1957 Arab refugee problem, make the Jordan NEW YoRK, May 7.-Mrs. Hazel Abel of River waters available for irrigation to Lincoln, Nebr., 68-year-old former United The National Cowboy Hall of Fame Israel and its neighbors, relieve both of heavy States Senator and construction company military expenditures, and make available president, was named American mother of EXTENSION OF REMARKS priceless technical and economic assistance 1957 today. OF for a refiowering of the Middle East. The announcement was made by Mrs. As to military security, I think Israel has Daniel A. Poling, president of the American HON. E. Y.BERRY shown its capability for meeting challenges Mothers Committee, Inc., at the opening of OF SOUTH DAKOTA in the action which took place in the Sinai the group's annual mothers conference. desert, and I am speaking now only of the Mrs. Abel is a widow with five children IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES military phases of it. I think the chances four daughters and one son. She had sue Wednesday, May 8, 1957 are now excellent that transit of Israeli ship grandsons. ping through the Gulf of Aqaba will be se Mothers of the year from every State, the Mr. BERRY. Mr. Speaker, plans are cured by int.ernational means and, indeed, District of Columbia and Puerto Rico com well under way for construction of a Na with the support of the United States which peted for the national title. A committee tional Cowboy Hall of Fame in Oklahoma I believe to be indispensable in that regard Jury chose the winner. City, Okla. and which should be forthcoming. "Hazel Abel's work embraces many :fields- Young and old alike thrill with the I think in the Suez Canal there is going to church and religious organizations, educa excitement and romance of the early be a real struggl~. But there the whole tion, civic and welfare groups, and above Western World has a. struggle. I strongly them all stands out her work with youth," West. The American cowboy is not only advocate the fact that the free world take the announcement said. a colorful part of American history, but vigorous and effective measures to seek and "She has been awakening thousands every he was an essential figure in the develop to back our friends in seeking alternate where to all the known causes of juvenile ment of the frontier that has now become routes for moving Mideast oil to Europe and delinquency, and has been stimulating com- the heartland of this great Nation. 6642. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 8 Rugged Individualism, personal deter cattle off in the distance, we'll thank You, consumers, principally in northern mination and initiative were qualities Lord. cities. which, combined with good old-fashioned And if some still night when the moon is full, someone should think that he ~ hears On these three counts alone, it is quite hard work, enabled men of vision to build again the soft breath of a harmonica, or the evident that the Office of Defense Mobil the West. sound of a man quietly humming to him ization has been selected to do this ad The National Cowboy Hall of Fame self, then we'll believe, like those men who ministration's "dirty work." It has will honor the great cattlemen and other were riding herd 2,000 years ago, that the stretched the once sacred term of "na outstanding pioneers who worked for angels have come mighty close to earth tional security" to do the bidding of the the progress and created the tradition of again. steel, private power, and the oil and gas It is in the memory of the men who built the West. Honorees will include work this West, we ask You to dedicate this place. industries. The Office should be abol ing cowboys, cattlemen, pioneers, rodeo And, Lord, up there on the high range where ished, and its functions should be placed cowboys, trailblazers, and others deemed the grass is always green and a man's horse in the Defense Department on a "stand worthy by the trustees of the national never gets tired, we pray that the boys are by" basis. organization. happy with what we are doing here. Amen. The standards established by the trus tees are: Honorees must be outstanding ff. M. Baggarly, Editor and Publisher of Americans, prominent in the develop the Tulia, Tex., Herald, Named Na· ment of the West, or in perpetuating the Office of Defense Mobilization traditions of the western country. They ti on' s Top Columnist may be nominated by historical, livestock and rodeo associations and other groups, EXTENSION OF REMARKS EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF or by individuals, and must be recom- OF mended to the National Cowboy Hall of HON. CHARLES A. VANIK Fame and elected by its trustees. OF oHro HON. WALTER ROGERS The first five men chosen fulfill all OF TEXAS these qualifications. They are: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Theodore Roosevelt-rancher in the Wednesday, May 8, 1957 Wednesday, Mq.,y 8, 1957 Dakotas and later United States Presi- Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, three Mr. ROGERS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, dent. tirnes within the last 2 weeks we have one of the outstanding weekly news- Will Rogers-a man who never let the observed the Office of Defense Mobiliza- papers in our great country is published world forget that he was a cowboy. . tion engage in activities and practices in Tulia, Swisher County, Tex., which is Charles Russell-Montana artist unrelated to the national security and located in the 18th Congressional Dis known for his paintings of the frontier contrary to the public interest. Just trict of Texas that I have the honor to West: yesterday the Secretary of the Treasury, represent. Charles Goodnight-a real pioneer of George M. Humphrey, criticized the fast The editor and publisher of the Tulia Texas' range cattle industry and fore- tax writeoff program which has been Herald is Mr. H. M. Baggarly who has most traildriver. made possible only through the action been named the Nation's top columnist Jake McClure-working cowboy of of the Office of Defense Mobilization. in the 1957 Better Newspaper Contest. New Mexico, rodeo champion and judge. The specific grant of authority just last He will receive the award at the fifth an- The National Cowboy Hall of Fame week to the Idaho Power Commission to nual session of the National Editorial has been chartered as a nonprofit cor- enjoy quick amortization of its invest- Association in San Francisco in early poration. National trustees have been ment on the low-level dams to be built June. This fine newspaper has, for 5 appointed in each of the 17 Western in Hell's Canyon was as gross an abuse successive years, been recognized for edi States, including the governors as ex- of authority as has been conducted by torial, column and news writing by the officio trustees. the present administration since its in- journalism department of Texas Tech- The site of the Hall of Fame and Mu- ception. It also appears that the ODM nological College at Lubbock, Tex. The seum is a triangular piece of land which and the Treasury Department-sepa- selection this year of Mr. Baggarly's combines prairie flatness and wooded rated only by the White House grounds-- "Town Topics" column, as the Nation's hills. It is located along United States fail to communicate with each other. best from 1,900 entries, is distinct and Highways 66 and 77 and is within easy This independent office, apparently warranted recognition of his journalistic reach of all traveling Americans. independent of good judgment and ele- ability and integrity. In every instance A million dollars has already been mentary thinking, recently declared he approaches fearlessly and honestly subscribed so that construction of the that oil imports to the United States the great issues of the day which con project is assured. However, five times should be curtailed in the interest of the front Swisher County, the State of that amount is the goal of the trustees. national security, when just exactly the Texas and the United States. He fur The memorial must be properly symbolic opposite is true. The American na- ther invokes his readers to the same of an era which has made our Nation tional security is imperiled by the dis- consideration. great and provided our heritage of cour- sipation of its domestic oil reserves when Mr. Baggarly is a native of Swisher age and freedom. abundant supplies are available in other County and his late parents were among The inspiration of the early West parts of the world for delivery to the the earliest Panhandle settlers. They must be preserved and perpetuated to United States. As a matter of fact, the built the first home in the community of coming generations of American youth. Office of Defense Mobilization has es- Happy, Tex., and were instrumental in The Cowboy Hall of Fame and Museum tablished itself as an oil tariff commis- the establishment of that city. Mr. Dag has this very worthwhile objective. sion, protecting the high prices of garly is a gentleman of broad and varied The prayer of Dr. G. Raymond Camp- domestic producers of oil at the cost of talents and of strong character and bell, pastor, Westminster Presbyterian the American consuming public. judgment. He is a graduate of the Uni Church, Oklahoma City, Okla., at the The latest activity of the Office of De- versity of Missouri and of West Texas site dedication on November 11, 1955, fense Mobilization took place when that State College in Canyon, Tex. He is an reflects the great value of this project. Office purportedly for the administration accomplished musician, a brilliant and The prayer reads as follows: threw its support behind the natural gas understanding teacher, and he served Oh, Thou God of the open plains, who bill to "protect the consumers against with distinction as a Naval officer in never made a man You didn't love, we pray unreasonable price increases" when the World War II. His progressive outlook that You will hallow this place in the mem- proposed legislation seeks to do just ex- has been apparent in all of his under ory of men of the saddle, that the best of actly the opposite. The proposed legis- takings and the reputation of his news the past can be carried into the future. lation would limit and freeze authority paper is firmly established as a sentinel If, sometimes, someone should imagine, up of the inert Federal· Power Commission for, and a protector of, the principles herea whiff on ofthis the hill, smell that of he bacon has caughtfrying overjust to a total inertia. The only purpose of which are our democratic heritage. I an open fire, or the bubble of coffee boiling the pending legislation is to seek com- take occasion to add my own congratu over onto coals of the fire, or the creak of a plete pricing freedom to raise natural- lations to Mr. Baggarly and the Tulia tired saddle, and the evening lowing o! · gas prices at the expense of millions of - Herald for this merited award, and l 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6643 commend this son of Texas to this body one-third of the States stand.. to receive developing the best missiles that can be as an example of real Americanism in its 74 percent of the money. had, at a time when the degree of success finest sense. Let us add eight more States: may determine the survival of our way Minnesota------$16, 576, 387 of life. California ------. 15, 227, 083 This is too big a question to cover in South Carolina______15, 225, 822 . this brief discussion, as there are many Inequity Rules the Soil Bank Arkansas------~------14,673,712 questions and the right answers are Michigan------Louisiana ______11,040,57912,962,615 needed to insure survival of our country. EXTENSION OF REMARKS :KentuckY------9,974,554 I am asking that you reserve your deci OF Tennessee ------9, 869, 508 sion until the facts can be brought out. Do not be swayed by a superficial off-the HON. BURR P. HARRISON Cirand total ______611, 198,403 cn1I statement which begs the funda OF VIRGINIA Thus, it is shown that one-half of the mental issues. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES States are eligible for 89 percent of the Wednesday, May 8, 1957 benefits. Mr. HARRISON of Virginia. Mr. Effect of Appropriations Cut on lnterna• Speaker, the periodic reports of the De Ballistic Missiles partment of Agriculture on participa tional Educational Exchange Activities tion in the soil bank make startling reading. For example, a study of the EXTENSION OF REMARKS EXTENSION OF REMARKS figures for 1957 acreage reserve signups OF OF through April 5, 1957, and conservation HON. L~ROY ff. ANDERSON reserve signups through March 15, 1957, HON. FRANCES P. BOLTON reveals that one State, Kansas, with a OF MONTANA OF OHIO population of 2,060,000, stands to receive IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES more money for this crop year than 25 Wednesday, May 8, 1957 Wednesday, May 8, 1957 other States, having a population of over Mr. ANDERSON of Montana. Mr. Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker. some of 70 million people. Speaker, last night's paper quotes the Based on signups through the dates us who are particularly interested in the President as being opposed to the Army Near East and Africa have analyzed the mentioned, the figure for maximum ben development of intermediate range effect of the appropriations cut on the efits for Kansas is $86,798,281. Here are ballistic rr.issiles because the Army would the maximum payment and population international educational exchange ac "have to request observation of the en tivities in that area. Into this picture figures for 25 other States: emy situation" and "the only way the has come a letter from two American .Army could find out is from the Air surgeons who volunteer to go out to a Payments Population Force. This puts the Army squarely into section of Africa, where there are no 'the Air Force's business." surgeons available, for 4 months a year, Rhode Island ______------845, 000 If you don't stop to think about it, New Hampshire______$4, 145 557, 000 if transportation and living expenses can Vermont______35, 302 378, 000 this may seem plausible. If you do stop be arranged. This is but one instance of Nevada______76, 037 225, 000 to think, you will realize that it doesn't which there are many. Maine______191, 719 905, 000 West Virginia______273, 775 2, 002, 000 make sense. I am sure the President It seems a tragedy that this infinitely Wyoming______8~. 891 306, ooo realizes that our armed services inte valuable program o-Z international ex Delaware______934, 728 387, 000 grate their efforts in many ways and that Massachusetts______967, 923 5, 016,000 change must be curtailed just when the New Jersey______1, 432, 993 5, 420, 000 one of these has always been in the mat Peeds of the Near East and Africa for Connecticut______1, 619, 442 2, 241, 000 ter of intelligence and observation. Cer Maryland______2, 349, 825 2, 669, 000 professionals of all kinds are so great. Florida______2, 403, 230 3, 452, 000 tainly, the President must know that the Not only will the department be unable to Utah______2, 803, 074 781,000 Air Force has responsibility for major expand its exchanees as planned, but it Virginia______3, 330, 904 3, 579, 000 Oregon______3, 478, 832 1, 669, 000 air reconnaissance for the Army. The will be forced by the appropriations cut Pennsylvania______4, 043, 307 11, 159, 000 Air Force provides the air photos and to reduce its present program in this .N"ew York______4, 352, 217 16, 124, 000 reconnaissance for long-range artillery vital area by some 26 percent. Idaho------5, 236, 647 609, 000 i\rizona______6, 256, 266 890, 000 fire. Yet I have never seen where this Dollar programs in the Near East and iVashington______6, 485, 135 2, 570, 000 · has caused the Air Force to stake out any Africa will be at 67 percent below the Montana______9, 362, 452 633, 000 Wisconsin______9, 489, 356 3, 694, 000 claim to develop, control, and operate the requested level and 26 percent below the .N"ew Mexico______9, 296, 043 795, 000 artillery, Reconnaissance and air photos current level. Programs in 27 of the 32 Tennessee______9J 869, 508 3, 417, 000 1~~~~- 1 -~~~~ of enemy front lines and bunkers are countries in this area are operated solely TotaL______85, 136, 751 70, 408, 000 obtained for the Army by the Air Force, with dollar funds since foreign curren but I have never seen any of their per cies are available in only 5 countries of Using the same reports, we find the sonnel operating our mortars or putting this area. Most of the remaining 27 following to be the 16 highest States in a satchel or pole charge in a bunker em countries are on the African Continent. monetary benefits available for thi&crop brasure. The Air Force is not auto In spite of plans to double the program year: matically the monarch of all it surveys. with Africa, where an increase is badly The Army has done a splendid job in needed, the program will have to be cut Kansas------$86, 798, 281 below the current level. Texas------80,366, 125 the development of the missile, Jupiter. Nebraska------45, 001, 702 and should not be hamstrung in their Funds were requested to bring 590 in Iowa------34, 687, 663 efforts to continue its development and fluential leaders and specialists to the MissourL------25, 943, 538 use. I think the Congress should go into United States from this area. This North Dakota______25, 806, 897 the matter very thoroughly, checking on number will have to be reduced to 222. Oklahoma ------25, 283, 976 the charge that this is a move to turn No leaders can be brought from Uganda, CieorgiaColorado ______------25,22,351,640 161, 337 the missile development over to General Tanganyika, Somalia, LibeTia, the Bel South Dakota ______22,043, 141 Motors as was done with tanks when gian Congo, or the African Trust Terri Ohio------19, 448, 200 Chrysler contracts were canceled and tories. Reductions in many critical Illinois ------19, 242, 740 General Motors given the breaks. The countries will also be necessary. Ex Indiana ------18, 860, 806 Congress needs to determine whether the changes with Ghana will be reduced Mississippi______18, 586, 157 Air Force is seeking to take advantage of from 25 to 10, the Sudan from 14 to 5, North Carolina_____ ;.______18, 423, 353 Alabama______17,642,587 .the fact that it has many of its spokes Tunisia from 23 to 6, Morocco from 28 men in high places in the administra to 9. Only 3 leaders from Israel, S. Subtotal ______505,648,143 tion. The Congress should determine from Jordan, 4 from Libya, and 4 from whether 0r not a little competition be Lebanon can be financed. As the total for the entire United tween the services and a little more free As to the exchange of Etudents, 212 States is $686,465,646, it will be seen that enterprise might not be a good thing in fewer grants than planned can be 6644 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 8 awarded for study in the United States. Dr. Schweitier wrote that "there must be which the Department really exercises No students would be brought from guaranties preventing the agreement from any control-use money to print stamps, Ghana, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Liberia, being signed by anyone intending to win buy trucks, pens for 38,000 post offices, important tactical advantages foreseen only Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Tan by him." and hundreds of other items needed to ganyika, Uganda, or Yemen. Only 8 can So that you may see the difference between operate post offices. be brought from Iran, 5 from Morocco, the two versions, I am taking the liberty of Why did the Post Office Department 3 from the Sudan, 8 from Syria, and 6 sending in a few days the full text of Dr. need additional funds? To give accus from Tunisia. Schweitzer's statement as it will appear in tomed service; none of this money to pay . One hundred and four fewer teachers the Saturday Review for May 18 . past bills. Three reason why it is cost and professors can be exchanged than I trust you wm not allow the merit of Dr. ing more to give the American people were planned. The Department's pro Schweitzer's statement to be diminished by the mail service they deserve, expect, the exploitation of his name by the Daily gram to assist Ghana and other newly Worker. What he has to say is based on a and pay for: First, more mail than esti independent countries in their educa lifetime devoted to the moral community of mated by about a billion pieces. And tional programs must be curtailed. men. this increased volume of mail does not Leader and specialist exchanges will be Sincerely, provide funds to operate the Post Office similarl~r reduced. NORMAN COUSINS. Department since all revenues go direct ly to the Treasury Department; second, MAY 8, 1957. increased mail service to 1.3 million new Mr. NORMAN COUSINS, Editor, the Saturday Review, homes; and, third, higher wages to em Communist Effort to Discredit New York, N. Y. ployees by law. Dr. Schweitzer DEAR MR. COUSINS: Thank you very much All three of these reasons beyond con for your letter of May 6. I join with you in trol of the Department. your dismay at the unwarranted and shame Has the Post Office Department ever EXTENSION OF REMARKS ful use of Dr. Albert Schweitzer's words on asked for more money before? Yes; but OF the important topic of nuclear testing. only once in past 4 years. In 1956 . Unfortunately, this is an old Communist needed and got $166 million more, of HON. JAMES ROOSEVELT trick which people perhaps have forgotten. You do a great service in calling it to the which $150 million was for pay increases OF CALIFORNIA public attention. under Public Law 68, effective March 1, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Communists have all too frequently 1955; the remaining $16 million is the Wednesday, May 8, 1957 attempted to attach themselves to honest only supplemental appropriation the De and liberal points of view, hoping, I suppose, partment has received in 4 years for Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, I to get some emotional credit from those additional operating expenses. How have today received a letter from Mr. whose idealism outruns their analytic per ever, in 2 other years spent less: In 1954 Norman Cousins, editor of the Saturday spective. turned back $105 million; in 1955 turned Review, which, together with my reply, It is a misfortune that in many cases, back almost $50 million. I would like to call to the attention of my otherwise wholly worth while purposes have been fatally damaged by unsolicited and un Post Office Department colleagues and clear-thinking friends. wanted Communist support. One may won The kind of tactics disclosed in Mr. der at times whether this in itself is per Supplemental Surplus funds Cousin's letter need to be the subject of haps not done deliberately. Fiscal year appropriation returned to constant alertness on the part of all Very sincerely yours. for operating Treasury funds those of liberal and progressive thought. JAMES ROOSEVELT. It is equally important that fair 1947 ______$93, 000, 000 ------minded critics should not be deluded into 1948______172, 700, 000 ------false accusations, as has too often hap 1949______140, 800, 000 ------pened in the past. 1950______71, 400, 000 ------l\1uch Credit Is Due Arthur Summerfield 1951______2\l, 400, 000 ------The letter follows: 1952 ______:______250, 000 ------1953 ______------$83, 574, 247 THE SATURDAY REVIEW, EXTENSION OF REMARKS 1954 ______------108, 724, 572 New York, N. Y., May 6, 1957. 1955 ______------42, 993, 628 The Honorable JAMES ROOSEVELT, OF 1956______16, 000, 000 ------House of Representatives, 1957 ______.______41, 000, 000 ------Washington, D. C. HON. BEN F. JENSEN DEAR MR. ROOSEVELT: Friends of Dr. Albert OF IOWA Are you cutting costs in.the Post Office Schweitzer in this country are deeply dis tressed at the way the Communist Daily IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Department? Yes; now carrying 20 per 'Worker has exploited his statement about Wednesday, May 8, 1957 cent more mail with fewer -employees nuclear testing in an obvious effort to serve than 6 years ago. its own cause. I was shocked to learn, for Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker, now that How many postal employees are there? example, that the Daily Worker published your mail deliveries are back to normal, In 1952, 523,757; 1955, 511,613; 1956, excerpts from the Schweitzer statement on like all good Americans you like to have 508,587. its front page, and has sent copies· of that the facts. I believe that rig·ht now is a How is mail volume increasing? In issue to all Members of Congress. good time to make public the following 1952, 49.9 billion pieces; 1956, 56.4 bil What the Daily Worker neglected to say facts and E.gures. is that Dr. Schweitzer considers communism lion pieces; 1957, estimated, 58.8 billion the greatest danger faced by the world's peo There is one outstanding fact which pieces; 1958, estimated, 59.7 billion ples today. It has neglected to say that he must be considered above all, which is pieces. believes communism to be an unscrupulous that the Postmaster General has only Is the Post Office Department satisfied attempt to dominate the world's peoples. 4.3 percent of the appropriated funds with mail service today? Of course not; And in calling upon people to send protests over which he has full control, the other better than it was but ·still not good to President Eisenhower and Members of 95.7 percent must be expended in accord erAough. Congress against nuclear testing, the Daily ance with specific directives in laws Worker said nothing to Members of the Com What is the Post Office Department munist Party about writing or wiring to the which Congress has previously passed. doing to improve service? Spending Kremlin. In fact, there is not a single ref Now let us ponder over these following over $4 million this year alone on re erence to the fact of hydrogen bomb testing facts and figures. search; set up first Office of Research by Soviet Russia, or to the fact that the How much does the Post Office De and Engineering in history; working Soviet leaders have resisted for themsleves partment spend in a year? About $3,- with 9 engineering firms and Bureau of the same unilateral measures which the 250,000,000; 78.4 percent for postal em Standards; developing mechanical and Communists have been urging on the United ployees' salaries and fringe benefits set States. electronic devices to speed mail through What is even more significant is that the by Congress; 15.5 percent for transpor post offices; over 1,500 obsolete post of Daily Worker omitted that part of the text tation of mail set by Government agen fices replaced in past 4 years with new from Dr. Schweitzer's declaration which rec cies; 1.8 percent for rents, utilities, and ones built by private capital. Objective: ognizes the need :for enforceable provisions communications set by FCC; only 4.3 Next. day delivery of mail anywhere in 1f any ban on nuclear testing is to work. percent left for controllable items over the United States. 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 6645 The Rural Electrification Administration 94.2 percent of the Nation's farms are The address follows: now electrified, and in South Dakota the PEACEFUL APPLICATIONS OF ATOMIC ENERGY EXTENSION OF REMARKS figure is 86. 7 percent. South Dakota has (Remarks by the Honorable CARL T. DUR• OF made a tremendous percentage increase HAM, chairman, Joint Committee on Atom during this 21-year period, going from ic Energy, before the North Carolina Phar HON. E. Y. BERRY 3.5 percent to 86. 7 percent. It is well to maceutical Association, Charlotte, N. c .• OF SOUTH DAKOTA note that private power companies have May 6, 1957) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES counted for some of this increase and It's good to be back here again with you have worked jointly with cooperative in today. I remember my last visit with great Wednesday, May 8, 1957 making power available and otherwise pleasure, and I am honored that you have Mr. BERRY. Mr. Speaker, I wish to assisting with the phenomenal develop asked me to join you once again. As an old call the attention of the House to the ment. time pharmacist myself I might say that I couldn't feel more at home than in the pres fact that today is the 21st birthday of In South Dakota, as in every State, ent company. the Rural Electrification Administra REA development has not only been of There was a time when a speaker could get tion. The act was signed into law by the great benefit to the farmer and rancher, up and talk for a few minutes about the President 21 years ago. but has also provided great economic peaceful applications of atomic energy and REA has truly become of age. Loans value for the mainstreet businessman. sit down again with confidence that he had to borrowing cooperatives now exceed The consumer of REA power finds that said all there was to say. Today this same $3 % billion of which borrows have ac he can increase his production or work subject has become so vast in scope that a. more efficiently, which provides him with speaker is tempted to ask himself: "Where tually drawn over $2.75 billion. Repay do I begin?" ments by borrowers have exceeded $621.2 additional purchasing power. This re The advances which have been made in million of which $377.8 million is prin sults in an economic boost that is felt peaceful applications of atomic energy in the cipal and $243.4 million interest. A total throughout the community. The REA last few years have been nothing short of of 761 borrowers have made advanced consumer purchases appliances, plumb extraordinary. I think most people who payments of $95,870,361. ing, wiring, electric motors, and many aren't familiar with the atomic-energy busi REA Administrator David A. Hamil re other items which benefit both the farm ness would be amazed at the large number ports that 94.2 percent of the Nation's er and the businessman. and variety of ways in which the atom is being put to use to better the lives of all of farms are now electrified. Nine hundred A listing of the REA electrification us and to promote the economic well-being and eighty energized system have been loans in western South Dakota alone of this country. financed by REA operating over 1% mil during recent years fo an indication of This large-scale development of the peace lion miles of rural line- and serving over how the rural electrification program time atom has not happened by accident. It 4 % million customers. is continuing to move forward. I am at has been the result of much hard work and Based on an average family of 4 peo taching a table listing the recent REA effort by thousands of scientists, engineers, ple, this means that approximately 15 loans in the Second Congressional and technicians working under a program of million people are benefiting from the District. cooperation between industry and Govern ment. I think this cooperative arrangement Rural EleCtrification Administration pro West River Electric Association, between Government and industry has in gram. Inc., wan______$274, ooo general worked very well in the past, and I Congress passes the laws and estab Butte Electric Cooperative, Inc., am confident that continued cooperation Of lishes programs like REA. The success Newell______390, 000 this sort will yield increasingly large divi ful operation of these electric coopera Lacreek Electric Association, Inc., dends in the years to come. tives is dependent on devoted and capa l\Aartin______750,000 Among the various areas of peacetime Moreau-Grand Electric Coopera- atomic development, I suppose the greatest ble leadership among the local commu tive, Inc., Timber Lake______390, 000 nities in the Nation. attention in recent years has been focused on Grand Electric Cooperative, Inc., the field of atomic power and of nuclear pro , In South Dakota many of our lead Bison------~------975,000 pulsion for naval vessels. This is only nat ing citizens serve on boards of direc Cherry-Todd Electric Cooperative, ural and appropriate in view of their impor tors and in other similar capacities. Our Inc., Valentine, Nebr------540, 000 tance to our future economy and our rela REA managers put in long days to meet West Central Electric Cooperative, tions with other countries abroad. But while the problems which arise in connection Inc., Murdo______340, 000 the public spotlight has been directed pri Rushmore G. & T. Electric Cooper- with operation of an REA cooperative. ative, Inc., Rapid City ______3, 500, 000 marily on these areas, there has been a quiet Our South Dakota situation must be revolution going on with regard to develop ment of other peaceful uses of atomic energy exemplary of the national picture for which may in the long run prove equally im electric cooperatives have flourished to portant. It is to these other areas of peace the point where the net worth of debt Peaceful Applications of Atomic Energy time atomic development that I would like to free ownership nationally is now $404. 7 direct a few remarks today. I would like to million. mention especially the growing uses of radio The State of South Dakota has shared EXTENSION OF REMARKS lsotopes, the so-called byproducts of our in the benefits of the REA program. To OF atomic reactors. · tal REA loans in our State amounted to Isotopes have been called the wonder tool $92,524,862 to 34 different cooperatives. HON. BASIL L. WHITENER of the atomic age, and well they might be. In the past several years there has been a. This total amount represents 212 sepa OF NORTH CAROLIN A dramatic upsurge in the number and va rate loans, and it provided service to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES riety of things for which they are being used. 75,540 consumers. Wednesday, May 8, 1957 Existing applications include everything from We are justifiably proud that South clinical examination to oil drill'ing, from agri Dakota REA's are meeting their repay Mr. WHITENER. Mr. Speaker, on cultural experiments to spot-checking welds, ment obligations and meeting them ih Monday, May 6, 1957, our colleague, Hon. and the surface has just been scratched. time. No South Dakota loans are in CARL T. DURHAM, chairman of the Joint The annual savings to American industry arrears. In fact, of the $10,846,629 which Committee on Atomic Energy, delivered through the use of isotopes is already esti have been repaid on the principal, $3,- mated at something like a third of a billion an address to the North Carolina Phar dollars, and increased savings are confidently 175,182 have been paid in advance of the maceutical Association at its annual predicted in future years as more and more due date. Interest payments to date are convention in Charlotte, N. C. His ad uses are developed. It is entirely possible $5,566,733. dress was entitled "Peaceful Applications that over the long run these savings and I was interested in ~:eceiving informa of Atomic Energy." benefits from the use of isotopes will more tion from the REA Administrator the We are all familiar with the valuable than repay the huge investment we have other day that in 1945, just before the public service of our distinguished col made in our atomic-energy program. Rural Electrification Administration was league in the field of developing an I thought you might be interested today established, only 10.9 percent of the atomic-energy program. It occurs to in hearing about a few of the things which are being done with isotopes in ·the field of farms in the United States were elec me, therefore, that the Members of this medicine and in the pharmaceutical field. trified and in South D&kota only 3.5 body, as well as the public generally, will It would be hard to describe in dollars and percent enjoyed the benefits of-electrical find the address of Mr. DURHAM to be of cents just how much benefit we are getting .service. A moment ago I mentioned that great interest and value. out of our experiments in this area. You CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD - HOU.SE May$ can't very well measure In :material terms the call an "isotope farm."- which 1s devoted to Florida before the Subcommittee on Pub essentially priceless 'knowledge we are gain a "Study of the llfe process or plants through lic Works of the House Appropriations ing un how the body tunetlons, on earlier means of irradiation.. N6 attempt 1.s being of and better diagnosis ot human a1lm.ents. a;;td made .at Argonne to develop genetic muta Committee. Continuation the great ·on more effective treatment of these atlments. tions tn plan.ta Ulrough successlve genera Tam'pa Harbor development project was The only certainty is that the benefits are tions. Primary empb.asts ts on :finding how the purpose of this appearance. I was very large In terms m relieving h:mnan suf pJant.s sy.nth~size drugs through a study of happy to be joined by two representatives fering and of adding to the :productive life the a1kaloids which ace produced as a .result of the Hillsborough Cowity Port Author of thousands of individuals. As .a measure of plant irradiation. It 1s .hoped that these ity, Mr. Norman S. Brown. attorney. and of the number of people being aft'ected by studies may someday give us a lead on how Mr. J. 13. Colbert, member of the board. chemical reactions in drug-producing plants these new techniques. it has .recently been It my estimated by the Atomic Energy Commission eome about. Onee we learn this, we may be was contention that, above all, that between 800.000 and 1 million persons on the track of how to produce some of these this project .had demonstrated. the wise are belng dlagnosed or treated wlth .radlo- drugs synthetically, which cannot be done action of the committee and the Con 1sotopes each year by some 1,500 hospitals under conventional techniques. gress in first appropriations for the proj and private physicians. You are all undoubtedly familiar with the ect. This has been ably demonstrated As pharmacists. you are, of course, "Par problem of sterilizing drugs fo.r public con through growth of the harbor traffic upon ticularly concerned with new procedures sumption, but you may be interested to know beginning of the development; greatly which .are belng employed in the medical that new techniques involving sterilization and pharmaceutlcal fields. .Many of you are by irradiation are now being 'Studied by sev increased local participation and invest probably 'already aware that conslderable eral drug firms. As you know, certain drugs ment of private capital; development by research activity ls going on at the present .are most difficult to sterilize by the conven the port authodty beyond commitments tlme with drugs which have been ta.gged tional heat process. and there is always the to this committee and a greatly increased with .radioactive compounds. Much of the . packaging problem to contend with. Now, ratio of benefit to cost over the last year. current experimentation ls of ,a preliminary using atomic aocelerators, laboratories will be l would include my full remarks at thts nature and ls aimed at findlng out more able to sterilize these dr~ right in their time for the information of the Members about the dlstributlon of the body's metab containers through high-level .irradiation. is olism and lts speclal characteristics. Of Although accelerators are most commonly to be used when action taken on the necessity, most of the experiments are being used for thi's type of treatment, there is project. done on animals, but in some areas, at least, no reason why smaller, less bulky, irradia The .remarks follow: advances ln research have made it possible tion sources developed as byproducts or our 'REMARKS OF HON. WILLIAM C. CRAMER BEFORE to begin experiments with human volun atomic rea-ctors cannot, in some instances, be XHE SUBcoMMITl'.'EE ,ON Pum.Ic WoRKS, AP· teers. Such is the case with radioactive used for the same purpose. PROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE, HOUSE OF REPRE• iodine, which is administered to thyroid Finally, just a word about progress which SENTATIVES, WASHINGTON, D. C., MAY' 8, patients to measure iodine uptake in the is being made on the dread disease of leu 1957 thyroid gland and to arrest excessive thyroid kemia through utilization of atomic tech Mr. Chairman,· it is a pleasure to come activity in some cases. Scientists at the niques. No one pretends that medical sci before this committee again and represent Abbott Laboratory and at the Hanford atomic ence has yet found the complete answer to the people of the First District of Florida. facility have been doing interesting research this terrible scourge. But some success has Together with Representatives of the area wo1·k in this '8.rea, which has rtisulted in a been achieved in preliminary exper.iments in it is my pleasure to both report on the prog number of fundamental discoveries about which patients have been given radioactive ress made in the development of the Tampa thyroid metabolism. It is interestlng to note phosphorus orally. While this process has Harbor project and to request your continued in this connection that 10 years ago only not achieved a permanent arrestation of the interest 1n this valuable improvement and one thyroid hormone was known to medical disease in any of the cases so far treated, it approval of the appropriation for work dui: science, whereas today as a result of these has, in some instances, resulted in temporary ing fiscal 1958. experiments several additional types of hor alleviation and the extension of the victim's This h.al"bor project serves a very substan mones have been discovered. life span by several years. A chief advan Similar experiment1> are being conducted tage of this technique is that it is much tial portion of the entire State of Florida. With radioactive im:l1ne on older people easier to ad.minister the X-ray treatments The port of Tampa is a port of increasing whose heaTts have become overburdened and is a good deal cheaper as well. commercial importance. This committee evidenced its awareness of this fact last year through overactive thyroid conditions. It is sometimes .harci to realize that just While study tn thls area is still in ·a prelimi a scant few years ago only select members when it appropriated in the 1957 budget '$4 nary phase, there is hope that through utili of the scientific community and a few out million for the continuation of work on this zation Of such techniques life may be "Pro siders were much concerned with the peace project. This amount was $1 Y2 million more longed for older persons who would ordi time uses of isotopes, and then only in an than that recommended by the President. narily succumb to heart attadts occasioned abstract sort of way. Today. with the rapid When I appeared with .representatives of by strain'S placed on the heart by thyroid advancement of 'atomic techniques and par the Tampa Port Authority before the Bureau conditions. Incidentally, such treatment ts ticularly the mass production of isotopes, of the Budget in the fall of 19.56 we requested not recommended for younger perrons or for people by the thousands are becoming ac '$~~ million to be included in the 1958 ·young women of child bearing age in view of quainted with this ar~a of knowledge. A budget f-or the continuance of work on this possible delet erious resulrn. typical example is our pharmaceutical lab· project. That request was founded upon ad Speaking about older people, interesting oratories where the use of isotopes is becom vice from the Office of the Chief of Engineers, experiments utilizing ~tomic tracing tech ing almost routine and commonplace. As Department of the Army, that this sum could niqu~ are being carried on with regard to more private firms come 1nto the business be economically utlliz.ed ln fiscal year 1958 the aging process or what makes people grow and as more and more uses are developed for to <:ontinue work on the project at the same old. These studies are carried un in a field these new techniques, we can expect to see .rate of completion as was being done in called geriatrics, whlch I find from my a rapid expansion of activity. Perhaps some iiscal 1957. From a total economic view Webster's dlctiona.ry means old age ttnd its of you have already felt the impact of the point there would be sound reasons for con diseases. It doesn't take much imagination new technology in your businesses. I think 'tinuing this plea to your committee ln that to visualize the importance to indiViduals it behooves all of us to keep up 'With the amount. This sum, if includeti in fiscal 1958, and to the Nation at large, if through these developments in this field and to lend en would permit the completion of a usable studies of the body's functions and the aging couragement to an effort which .holds much segment of the project and would provide process, we can .gain some clue as to how promise for the future of mankind. the necessary deep water for well over half to extend the effective life of man and sluw Thank you, once again, for asking me to of the volume of tonnage entering the port down the inevitable process of d-eterioratlon · loln you today. It has been a plea.sure to of T.ampa. The Tampa Port Authority has of the body which comes with old age. Of be with you. estimated that if this sum were appropriated course, I always have believed in the quota the direct annual savings which would be tion from the Bible which. :says "'Honor thy come reality tn the latter part of fiscal 1958 father and thy mother that thy days may Tampa Harbor Project would exceed $1112 million per year. Esti- be long upon the land.•• But it wouldn't ·mat.es of the engineers do not vary substan hw·t tt we knew a little more about 'the tially from this estimate of the port author physical processes iof the body as well. EXTENSION OF REMARKS lty. However, local interests share with me Some :firms are currently experimenting OF the belief that requests for funds this year with a radioactive-labeled tranquilizer with should be moderate in amount to the end a view to find.ing 'Out more about the ructions HON. WILLIAM C. CRAMER that all of the pressing appropriation prob of such tranquili8ers and. their effect on OF FLORIDA lems confronting this committee may be the human sysrem. Work is .also being car better solveti. l:, for one, have insisted every ried out on tagged T. E. drugs. Most Qf IN THE BOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES reasonable eoonomy should be exercised in these experiments have been cal'ried. out on Wednesday, M«Y 8, 1957 consideration of all budget Items, from the animals. but some experimentation is ~ow national viewpoint. For tha~ reason I am ooing_ tried out. on human ~ngs. . Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, it w.as l."equesting this committee to 1nclude in fl.seal At the Argonne National Laboratory out my privilege today to represent the peo 1958 appropriations only the sum of $2~ side Chicago, scientists have set up what they ple of the First District and the State of million. This will permit completion dur- 1957 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE ing fl.seal 1958 of a. usable segment of the ple, the port of Tampa is the fifth-ranking 1-in October 1956 this was increased by the channel up to the Hooker's Point Terminal port in the United States in coastal car un Corps of Engineers to 3.2 to 1. in Tampa and substantial economic bene loadings (based on information compiled and The Port of Tampa is one serving 25 coun fits will be immediately realized. I am in· furnished by the port division of the Amer ties in Florida and 5 Congressional districts. formed by the Chief of Engineers work can ican Association of Railroads). In 1956, car The benefits of this service in this large area. continue on the project without interrup unloading totaled 62.614. This was a 22-per extend to a population estimated in excess tion during the entire fiscal year and be per cent increase over 1955 or 11,148 cars. It is of 1,520,000 as of July 11, 1956, an increase formed in the most economic manner. signifl.'Cant that this is a greater increase than of 13 percent over the estimated population I particularly invite the attention of the the four ports having more car unloadings. of July 1, 1954. The estimated population of committee to the schedule of completion of Not only is the port of Tampa increasing the Tampa-St. Petersburg metropolitan area. the various segments of the entire project. nationally, the total car unloadings for is in excess of 578,000. The sum of $2,225,000 which has been re Tampa totaled more than the combined total At the time of authorization of this proj quested will permit work to continue so that for Mobile, Pensacola, Miami, Port Everglades, ect and in previous appearances before this Hillsboro Bay channels will be completed at Jacksonville, Savannah and Charleston. committee it has been pointed out that a total estimated cost of $1,670,000 and Eg The continual and steady growth of the Tampa Harbor is the only sizable port be mont Bar and Mullet Key channels will be port of Tampa is an anticipated certainty. tween Norfolk, Va., and New Orleans, La .• completed at a total estimated cost of $340,• Since the start of the harbor project in having a channel less than 32 feet in depth. 000. Contracts have been let and could be January 1955 over $9 million in new and This handicap has existed and serves to broken only at financial loss on this seg improved port facilities, including piers, bring out the vitally important fact that ment. Present scheduling of the Govern wharves, bulkheads, privately dredged chan at the same time the port of Tampa has ment Hopper Dredge also calls for this time nels and turning basins, bulk cargo load more tonnage than any harbor from Nor schedule. Work will be commenced in the ing, unloading and storage facilities for folk to Mobile. latter part of fiscal 1958 on Ybor and Spark oil and other petroleum products, phosphate I respectfully submii; these facts to the man channels. These latter two channels and chemical products, grain and other com committee and urge that you approve the are the channels serving the upper part of modities have been developed. And, since budgetary request of $2,250,000. By this the city of Tampa proper. January 1955 over $95 million in new deep appropriation, which I again point out is the The development of Tampa harbor and water industrial construction has been least amount that can economically be uti benefits to the community are entirely de started or definitely committed. lized for orderly programing of the work pendent upon the growth of trade and the Specific industries that have taken ad now under way, continued growth of a rap growth of the community itself. In both vantage of the many growing trade and idly expanding area of our country will be cases the figures of activity over the past facilities features offered by port develop assured. Through the high cost-benefit few years have far exceeded the conservative ment includes: ratio of the project the national interest estimates presented to you and earlier to Schlitz Brewing Co., Export Brewery un will be served in providing a channel of the Bureau of the Budget. It is a matter of der construction with a capacity of 1 million project depth and width to the city of pride to point out the successful growth re barrels per year. Tampa and the State of Florida. sultant, in great part, from the interest and Southland Petroleum Co., 30,000-barrel appropriation granted by your committee gasoline refinery. and the Congress. Tampa Electric Co., 125,000-kilowatt gen The port of Tampa is showing a continual erating plant. steady increase in port tonnage. All previous Florida Power Corp., 125,000-kilowatt gen The Sheep and Wool Industry estimates of this increase have been shown erating plant. American Cable Co., a $5 million plant to be too conservative to accurately show the EXTENSION OF REMARKS future use of the port. In 1954, the port of completed in 1956 now announcing a 60· Tampa had a total tonnage of 9,813,000 tons. percent expansion program. OF In 1955, this tonnage had increased to 10,- New terminal facilities of the Texas Co., 656,000 tons. In 1956, it will be evidenced Pure Oil Co., Ingram Oil Co., Tampa Termi HON. E. Y. BERRY that the port tonnage has increased over nals, Inc., Illinois Grain Corp., and the OF SOUTH DAKOTA 13 percent over 1955 to approximately Tampa Molasses Co. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 12,250,000 tons (exact figures !lave not yet Petroleum tonnage has been increasing been compiled). These increases are con at approximately 10 percent each year and Wednesday, May 8, 1957 siderably in excess of the 7.6 percent annual in 1955 totaled 4,945,000 tons. Since 1950 Mr. BERRY. Mr. Speaker, I wish to increase upon which port tonnage was pro the phosphate tonnage (and over 75 percent call to the attention of the House a few jected by the Port Authority and is far in of phosphate produced in the world is pro recent developments affecting the sheep excess of the Army Engineers' estimate made duced within the radius of 80 miles of this in 1948. The increase 1955 over 1954, is in port) that passed through the Port of Tampa and wool industry. excess of 8% percent; and the increase, 1956 has increased 38 percent and in 1955 totaled This week the United States Depart over 1955, is in excess of 13 percent. Using 3,339,000 tons. Already it has been shown ment of Agriculture announced that the 8% percent, although already known to be that the Tampa Port tonnage for 1955 in Commodity Credit Corporation has ne too conservative, as the annual rate of in creased over 8Y2 percent over 1954 and the gotiated a barter contract involving the crease, the estimated port tonnage in 1959 1956 tonnage increased over 13 percent over exchange of $10 million worth of CCC will be 15 million tons solely frcm normal 1955. Coupled with the increasing indus growth of the State of Florida and the 5 trial growth and demand for products is the owned wool and other farm commodities Congressional districts served by Tampa steadily increasmg population served by the for the strategic materials, principally harbor. Port of Tampa. chrome. However, at the beginning of 1956 it was The usage of the Port of Tampa by coast Approximately half of the barter known that within the next 3 years, that is, wise trade is also increasing rapidly. In the agreement is devoted to the export of 1956-1959, there would be additional port 5-year period, 1949-1954, the average annual wool. This is being accomplished under tonnage from new industries of a total of increase in tonnage was 9.1 percent. Pro the 1955 agreement between the Repub approximately 3,500,000 tons. This would jecting a growth of 5 percent per year over lic of Turkey and the United States Gov consist of approximately 2,500.000 tons of the 1954 tonnage of 5,477,000 tons shows that petroleum products; coal of 750,000 tons for there would be coastwise trade in 1959 of ernment. Department officials estimate a new electric generating plant using coal for over 7 million tons. This again is an en that 10 milli.on pounds of wool will be fuel; and other products of 250,000 tons. The tirely reasonable projection of growth, and taken from CCC stocks to consummate 1956 figures have already begun to reflect a as a matter of fact, it is obviously conserva the exchange. The total quantity of small part of these new industries as is ap tive when the factors of new industry and wool to be taken will depend upon the parent in the increase to 13 percent over growing population alone are taken into particular lots selected. 1955. It is therefore not at all speculative account. I wish to call the committee's at I wish to point out that the CCC in to revise upward the old figures and estimate tention again to the estimated annual port that port tonnage in 1959 may well reach tonnage in 1959 of at least 15 million tons. ventory of wool 2 years ago was 150 18 million to 19 million tons. The phenomenal growth of this area makes million pounds. This recent barter All this is indicative of the fact that the this estimate really a near certainty. Using transaction reduces these total stocks to phenomenal growth of the port of Tampa this basis of annual tonnage of 15 million, around 22 million pounds, and with ex shows that what at one time may have been the direct economic benefits and annual pected sales in the domestic market it considered unrealistic is in fact becoming a savings resulting from completion of this is estimated CCC holdings will be down reality. Even a cursory consideration of evi harbor project will be approximately to 20 million pounds by the end of this dence this growth is steadily increasing and $2,880,000. Using the criteria used by the month. that new and important industries are mov Corps of Engineers in their determination ing into the area served by the port of of benefit-cost ratio would give the project Department officials have advised me Tampa show that the estimated port tonnage an unusually high benefit-cost ratio of 6 the export of 10 million pounds to Tur in 1959 is still most conservative. to 1. This is not a bold estimate. For key places the CCC in a position where Each year the facts are substantiating this example, the Army Engineers in 1954 e~ti it will be possible to entirely dispose of anticipated and expected growth. For exam- mated the benefit-cost ratio to be 2.25 to its wool inventory by early fall. CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD - HOUSE May 8
The successful operation of the wool There being no objection, the address Another great reason tor the alarming rise export program by the Department af was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, in the cost of government ls the constant Agriculture is of tremendous value to as follows: demand from organized pressure groups far domestic wool producers. This excel appropriations for their pet projects, for new ADDRESS OF UNITED STATES SENATOR EDWAB.D and expanded functions of government, for lent record of export ties in very well .M.z\aTZN, OF PENNSYLVANIA, AT THE CON .sectional .advantage and for every conceiv with the .succe.5sful operation of the wool VENT.ION OF XHE !NTERNAT.ION.AL .BROTHER• able form of .spending. incentive program. BOOD OF BOII.EaMAKEB.S AND BLACKSMITHS That same sort of pressure must now be The incentive program which has been IN THE BELLEVUE-STRATFORD .HOTEL,, PH.II.4• exerted in support of economy. Ii we are to of so much value to the eoonomic life DELP.HIA,Jl4AY 7, 1957 achieve government at lower cost we must of the country. particularly the wool pro-' It is an honor to greet this great organiza develop a demand for economy. so strong and ducing regi