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Deserciones Mirador Del Norte G Deserciones Mirador del Norte G. Arturo Limón D. Mandela, vive y vivirá “La vida es una sucesión de muertes y resurrecciones pero hay hombres que mueren sin haber vivido, en tanto que hay que sobreviven a su tiempo porque ensanchan su vida con el valor de las cosas grandes”… LAS QUE PERVIVEN MANDELA ES DE ESOS. G.A.L.D. EL HOMBRE Nelson Mandela nació el 18 de julio de 1918 en Mvezo, un poblado de 300 habitantes cerca de Umtata en el Transkei. Pertenecía al clan Madiba de la etnia xhosa, fue uno de los 13 hijos, que tuvo su padre Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa o (también llamado Henry Mgadla Mandela), con sus cuatro esposas por un consejero principal de la casa real Thembu; a su vez era bisnieto de rey (Ngubengcuka, que falleció en el año 1832); su madre era Nonqaphi Nosekeni Fanny tercera de las esposas de Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa Mandela en 1937. Después de finalizar la secundaria, comenzó a estudiar en el Colegio Universitario de Fort Hare para obtener su título de Bachiller en Artes. Allí fue elegido como miembro del Consejo de Representantes Estudiantiles, fue expulsado junto con un compañero, por participar en una huelga estudiantil. Se trasladó a Johannesburgo, donde en 1941 completó sus estudios de bachillerato por correspondencia en la Unisa Luego estudió derecho en la Universidad de Witwatersrand, donde se graduó, en 1942, como abogado. Se casó tres veces, teniendo 6 hijos. De su primera esposa Evelin Ntoko Mase, fallecida el 30 de abril de 2004 de neumonía, se Pálido punto de luz Claroscuros en la educación http://palido.deluz.mx Número 35. (Agosto 2013) Educación ciudadana: Entre el miedo, la apatía, la descalificación y la represión divorció en 1957 después de 14 años de matrimonio. Una hija de este matrimonio murió en edad de lactancia. Su primer hijo Madiba Thembekili falleció en 1969 en un accidente automovilístico. El 6 de enero de 2005 murió el segundo hijo de Mandela y de su primera esposa, Makgatho Mandela, a la edad de 54 años en Johannesburgo a raíz de una enfermedad asociada al sida, era abogado y hombre de negocios, casado dos veces y padre de 4 hijos. Después de 38 años de matrimonio con Winnie Madikizela se separó a causa de escándalos políticos en abril de 1992 y finalmente se divorció el 19 de marzo de 1996. Con Winnie tuvo dos hijas, Zenani (Zeni), nacida el 4 de febrero de 1958, y Zindziswa (Zindzi), nacida en 1960. En su 80 cumpleaños, el 18 de julio de 1998, contrajo matrimonio con Graça Machel. Mandela es un apasionado de la música clásica de Georg Friedrich Händel o Piotr Ilich Tchaikovsky, que acostumbra escuchar disfrutando de los atardeceres. LA LEYENDA Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, es conocido en su país, Sudáfrica, como Madiba, (título honorífico otorgado por los ancianos del clan de Mandela; también era llamado Tata); abogado y político, fue el primer presidente de Sudáfrica elegido democráticamente mediante sufragio universal así como el líder del Umkhonto we Sizwe, el brazo armado del Congreso Nacional Africano (CNA). En 1962 fue arrestado y condenado por sabotaje, además de otros cargos, a cadena perpetua. Estuvo 27 años en la cárcel, la mayoría de los cuales estuvo confinado en la prisión de Robben Island. Tras su liberación el 11 de febrero de 1990, Mandela lideró a su partido en las negociaciones para conseguir una democracia multirracial en Sudáfrica, cosa que se consiguió en 1994 con las primeras elecciones democráticas por sufragio universal. Mandela ganó las elecciones y fue presidente desde 1994 hasta 1999. Su prioridad estuvo frecuentemente en la reconciliación nacional. Un testimonio importante en el libro el Factor Humano mas conocido por mtodos en la película Invictus Pálido punto de luz Claroscuros en la educación http://palido.deluz.mx Número 35. (Agosto 2013) Educación ciudadana: Entre el miedo, la apatía, la descalificación y la represión Recibió más de 250 premios y reconocimientos internacionales durante cuatro décadas, incluido en 1993 el Premio Nobel de la Paz aun cuando hay que señal que su reconocimiento y solidaridad lo tuvo después de salir de la cárcel gracias a una lucha poco reconocida de los cubanos en África que derivo en el final del tristemente celebre Apartheid para muestra basta visitar Johannesburgo Sudáfrica y ver los letreros ominosos que prevalecieron por años, para vergüenza del Apartheid implementado por la minoría de los blancos en contra de la mayoría negra y ni que decir de recorrer el Saweto para ver como los dueños de la casa, pueden ser reducidos a la habitación mas deplorable, MANDELA DIGNIFICA NO SOLO A AFRICA SINO AL GENERO HUMANO. SU LEGADO El retrato mas fiel que da la vida de un hombre es su muerte solía decir Octavio Paz decía que se muere como se vive y Mandela cumple esto en estos días que muchos estiman de agonía “¡Viva Mandela! ¡Viva Mandela!”, cantan bailando las mujeres con coloridos vestidos que se congregan ante el hospital de Pretoria en el que se encuentra internado. Los niños traen dibujos hechos por ellos mismos, ositos de peluche, muñecas y globos, mientras otros visitantes depositan ramos de flores y dejan tarjetas. La clínica sometida a una fuerte vigilancia se está convirtiendo en una especie de lugar de peregrinaje, tras cuyos muros en héroe nacional lucha contra la muerte. Por las noches, ante el hospital parcialmente cercado, se observa la luz de las velas, acompañada con frecuencia de rezos conjuntos. Y durante el día se canta, sobre todo las canciones tradicionales del Congreso Nacional Africano (CNA), el ex movimiento libertario que se convirtió en el partido que sigue gobernando hasta hoy. Todos alaban los logros del ex presidente gravemente enfermo. Un empresario rico soltó el martes cien palomas blancas en reconocimiento del trabajo de reconciliación del padre de la democracia sudafricana. Toda Sudáfrica está revolucionada. En oficinas, empresas, instituciones oficiales, desde las humildes viviendas de municipios Pálido punto de luz Claroscuros en la educación http://palido.deluz.mx Número 35. (Agosto 2013) Educación ciudadana: Entre el miedo, la apatía, la descalificación y la represión como Khayetitsha hasta las lujosas villas de Camps Bay o Constantia: en todas partes las radios y televisiones están continuamente encendidas siguiendo las noticias sobre el estado del ex presidente. En todas partes se debate el drama del gran anciano de Sudáfria. “Déjenle morir por fin en dignidad”, decía la empresaria Glini Le Roux en Ciudad del Cabo, formulando el pensamiento de muchos estos días. La visita de Barak Obama más allá de implicaciones políticas y asociado a la situación racial es importante “Obama, ha alabado "el coraje moral de Madiba —como se conoce a Mandela en Sudáfrica— y la “histórica transición a la libertad y la democracia” que lideró. En una rueda de prensa conjunta con su homólogo sudafricano, Jacob Zuma, ha expresado que “la fuerza moral de Mandela es una inspiración para el mundo”. Finalmente no hubo el esperado encuentro entre Nelson Mandela y Barack Obama. Hasta última hora de ayer se especuló con una posible visita que en todo momento el presidente estadounidense y su mujer, Michelle, han dejado claro que querían hacer. “Dependerá de ellos”, decía Obama. La respuesta ha sido negativa. La mujer del ex presidente sudafricano, la mozambiqueña Graça Machel, ha agradecido públicamente el cariño recibido por los Obama. “Han tenido tiempo para llamarme por teléfono y han sido tan cariñosos como son siempre esta familia”. “El apoyo recibido del presidente Barack Obama, Michelle, Malia y Sasha me ha dado mucha fuerza”, afirma Machel, que dijo sentirse honrada por el mensaje de fortaleza de los Obama, que ella misma ha transmitido a Madiba, como se conoce al ex presidente” Así las cosas no nos dolamos por la partida del MADIBA agradezamos su vida su legado y sobre todo su ejemplo. COROLARIO Se que haya campañas por 14 entidades de México incluida Chihuahua, mientras esos hombres sin ideología que se asumen de un partido o de otro según el interés de momento y que son capaces de transar para avanzar, no aprendan el ejemplo del Pálido punto de luz Claroscuros en la educación http://palido.deluz.mx Número 35. (Agosto 2013) Educación ciudadana: Entre el miedo, la apatía, la descalificación y la represión TATA MANDELA de ese MADIBA, que es lo que en política pura se llama UN HOMBRE DE ESTADO que de manera congruente que transitó desde la lucha clandestina hasta la democracia que lo llevo a la presidencia en Sudáfrica , si los políticos preocupado por campañas huecas y vanas como las que actualmente padecemos a los largo ya ancho de México no harán avances significativos por eso la pertinencia de esta colaboración vinculada a nuestra realidad, la gran CAMPAÑA no se gana maquilando o promoviendo la vaciedad, a mi parecer se GANA EN LA LUCHA EN LA COTIDIANEIDAD , EN ESE TRANSITO QUE MUEVE A LAS NACIONES A ESTADIOS SUPERIORES AUNQUE COMO A MANDELA LE LLEVE 27 AÑOS DE PRISION Y TODA UNA VIDA DE LUCHA, A FAVOR NO SOLO DEL PUEBLO AFRICANO SINO POR SU EJEMPLO DEL MUNDO TODO. ¡QUE VIVA MANDELA! G. Arturo Limón D. G. Arturo Limón D. Miembro del Cuerpo académico de Sustentabilidad UNAM, y Miembro de la Comisión de Educación en Mesoamérica de la UICN. Profesor investigador de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional de Chihuahua UPNECH visite http://palido.deluz.mx Pálido punto de luz Claroscuros en la educación http://palido.deluz.mx Número 35. (Agosto 2013) Educación ciudadana: Entre el miedo, la apatía, la descalificación y la represión.
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