optical modules Reference Guide

Broad product selection and innovative technology have made Finisar the optical module man- ufacturer of choice for all major networking equipment vendors worldwide. Finisar has taken a leading role in transforming the data communications and equipment markets from utilizing expensive discrete optical components to high-volume pluggable pay-as- you-grow optical modules.

Finisar's optical communication products are compliant with standards including , Fibre CFP Channel, SONET/SDH and WDM and operate at data rates from 100 Mb/s to 100 Gb/s for data- center, HPC (High-Performance Computing), access, metro-regional, wireless, and long haul net- works. They feature outstanding performance over extended voltage and temperature ranges, while minimizing jitter, electromagnetic interference (EMI) and power dissipation.

Transceiver/Transponder Form Factors CFP The CFP is a hot-pluggable module form factor that supports a wide range of 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s applications such as 40G and 100G Ethernet, OC-768/STM-256, OTU3 and OTU4. CXP and QSFP Different versions of CFP modules can support various link distances over either multimode or single mode fiber optics. The CFP module includes numerous innovative features like advanced thermal management, EMI management and enhanced signal integrity design, as well as an MDIO-based management interface. Its electrical interface to the system host board is based on Nx10Gb/s, with the value of N depending on the application being supported. CXP The CXP is a hot-pluggable high-density parallel optics transceiver form factor which provides 12 channels of traffic in each direction (Tx and Rx). Current versions of the CXP module can handle up to 12.5Gb/s per channel, supporting applications such as 100G Ethernet, three 40G XFP Ethernet channels and InfiniBand 12xQDR. Potential future CXP versions could support 14Gb/s and 25Gb/s per channel over multimode fiber optics. The CXP form factor provides the highest density and lowest power dissipation among all standardized pluggable form factors today, but it’s limited to short multimode links. Both transceiver modules and active optical cable versions are available in the market. QSFP/QSFP+ The QSFP is a hot-pluggable high-density transceiver form factor which provides 4 channels of traffic in each direction (Tx and Rx). Initial versions of the QSFP module supported 2.5Gb/s and SFP and SFP+ 5Gb/s per channel and were called “QSFP”. More recent versions called “QSFP+” support up to 10.5Gb/s per channel for applications such as 40G Ethernet and InfiniBand 4xQDR. Both mul- timode and single mode versions of the QSFP+ module are available in the market, as well as QSFP-based active optical cables. XFP XFP is a standardized form factor for serial 10 Gb/s fiber optic . It is protocol- independent and fully compliant to the following standards: 10G Ethernet, 10G , SONET OC-192 and SDH STM-64. XFP transceivers are used in datacom and telecom optical links and their benefits are a smaller footprint than other 10 Gb/s transponders (such as XENPAK, SFF X2, XPAK AND 300-PIN). The electrical interface to the host board is a standardized serial 10 Gb/s interface called XFI. OPTICAL MODULES REFERENCE GUIDE

SFP and SFP+ (Small Form Factor Pluggable) SFP and SFP+ transceivers are designed to be hot-swappable in industry-standard cages and connectors, and offer high-speed performance in a compact package. SFP was the first standard- ized form factor in this family, and has been used for data rates up to 4 Gb/s. With the need for compact transceivers at high data rates, an enhanced version named SFP+ was developed for applications up to 10 Gb/s and beyond. SFP+ transceivers are interchangeable with SFP trans- ceivers and can be used in the same cages as SFP transceivers. For 10 Gb/s applications, SFP+ Active Optical Cables transceivers have a smaller footprint and lower power consumption than XFP transceivers. The electrical interface to the host board for SFP and SFP+ modules is a serial interface. SFF (Small Form Factor) Small form factor, or SFF, trans­ceivers are designed for a range of data rates up to 4 Gb/s and offer physical compactness and pin-thru hole soldering onto a host board. They are available in several configurations including industry standard 2x5 / 2x10, and de-facto 2x6 and 2x7 pinouts. Active Optical Cables Finisar has active cables for different applications, including Laserwire,® a 10G serial active cable for distances up to 30 meters, Quadwire,® a 40G parallel active cable for distances up to 100 GBIC meters, and C.wire,® a 150G parallel active cable for distances up to 300 meters. These cables include optics imbedded inside the cable assembly, which has many significant advantages for datacenter applications, including:

 Elimination of expensive connectorization of fiber optic cables.  Cost optimization through component matching and test margin elimination.  Elimination of dirt/dust issues common to existing fiber assemblies.

In addition, active optical cables are capable of longer reach, lower EMI, lower power dissipation and are significantly lower in weight and less bulky than competing copper solutions. SNAP 12 GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) The gigabit interface converter, or GBIC, was the original hot-swappable standardized form fac- tor. The GBIC has been widely adopted in a large number of legacy systems, with designs rang- ing in data rates up to 2.5 Gb/s. SNAP12 SNAP12 Transmitter and Receiver modules are fiber optic modules for parallel optical data com- munication applications. These modules are compliant to the SNAP12 MSA and are primarily used for intra-chassis connections. These 12-channel devices are for short-reach applications and are designed to operate on multimode fiber systems at a nominal wavelength of 850 nm. 300 PIN 300 PIN 300 PIN is a standardized fiber pigtailed form factor for 10 and 40 Gb/s fiber optic transponders. For 10 Gb/s applications, SONET OC-192, SDH STM-64 and DWDM (including tunable) versions are available. For 40 Gb/s applications, SONET OC-768/SDH STM-256 as well as DWDM tunable OTU3/OTU3e versions based on advanced phase modulation formats are available. 300 PIN modules are used primarily in telecom and DWDM optical links. The electrical interface to the host board is a 16-lane bus. XAUI X2 XPAK, X2, and XENPAK are standardized form factors for 10 Gb/s fiber optics transponders. Both 10G Ethernet and 10G Fibre Channel versions are available. XPAK, X2, and XENPAK transponders are used in datacom optical links. The electrical interface to the host board is also standardized and is called XAUI (4 x 3.125 Gb/s). Datacom Network EXAMPLE

SAN RAID System RAID System

SFP/SFP+ QSFP+ Quadwire SFP/SFP+ SFF Tape Intercampus ISL FC HBA

FIBRE CHANNEL Drive Switch

LAN SFP/GBIC Copper

Ethernet Switch/Router NIC Card Server Data Center

QSFP+

ETHERNET SFP/SFP+

SFF SFP/SFP+ XFP XPAK Link (<80 km)

Metro

TDM/CWDM/DWDM

Ethernet SFP/SFP+ XFP X2 XENPAK CFP QSFP+ Quadwire ETHERNET Switch/Router

Telecom Network EXAMPLE

ACCESS (Up to 100 km) Fiber to the Home Commercial Complex Campus FTTH Trans- mission CO

CO GPON/EPON GPON Stick SFF/SFP SFP/SFP+ Wireless GPON/EPON SFP Splitter SFP/SFP+ CO METRO-REGIONAL (100-800 km) CO XFP CFP XFP 300-PIN Linecard CO

CO CO

CO AWG WSS ROADM CFP WSS ROADM CO LONG-HAUL (800-2000 km) CO CO CO Interleaver AWG CO

CO CO Tunable XFP 300-PIN Linecard CO CO OPTICAL MODULES Reference Guide definitions

 Datacom: Data traffic typically transmitted using Fibre Channel  SONET/SDH: Synchronous Optical Network/Synchronous Digital or Ethernet protocols. Hierarchy. SONET is the widely used protocol for telecommuni­  Telecom: Telecommunications traffic transmitted using SONET/ cations carriers in North America to transport data and voice traffic SDH protocols or WDM interfaces. over , while SDH is predominately used outside North  Datacenter: Facility in a data communications network America. housing switches, servers and related datacom equipment.  Fibre Channel: Dominant protocol for transmitting storage  Central Office (CO): Facility in a telecommunications network data over optical fiber in enterprises. housing switching, transmission, and related telecom equipment.  EPON/GPON: Protocols for Passive Optical Networking (PON).  Access: Portion of a telecommunications network connecting Passive optical networking is a method of deploying Fiber to the end-users using typically Ethernet, SONET/SDH or GPON Home (FTTH) using a passive splitter and single fiber interfaces to protocols at distances <80 km. each home.  Metro-Regional: Portion of a telecommunications network  PARALLEL OPTICS: A parallel optical interface is a form of connecting suburbs or cities using WDM interfaces at distances fiber optic technology aimed primarily at communications between 80 and 600 km. and networking over relatively short distances (less than 300 meters), and at high bandwidths. Parallel optic interfaces differ  Long Haul: Portion of a telecommunications network from traditional fiber optic communication in that data is connecting cities using WDM interfaces at distances between transmitted and received over multiple, parallel fibers which are 600 and 2000 km. bundled together in a single ribbon. Different methods exist for  LAN: (using Ethernet protocol), typically splitting the data over this high-bandwidth link. In the simplest within <500 meters for enterprise or datacenter applications. form, the parallel optic link is a replacement for multiple data  SAN: (using Fibre Channel protocol), communication links. typically within <300 m for datacenter applications.  WDM: Wavelength Division Multiplexing. Enables multiple data  PIN-THRU HOLE OPTICS: Transceivers with pins that are directly streams of varying wavelengths (“colors”) to be combined into soldered into mounting holes on the host board (e.g. SFF—Small a single fiber, significantly increasing the overall capacity of the Form Factor transceivers). fiber. WDM is used in applications where large amounts of traffic  Hot-Swappable/Pluggable: Modules that can be manually are required over long distances in carrier networks. There are inserted or removed from cages or sockets in host systems that two types of WDM architectures: Coarse Wavelength Division are running (i.e. powered up and in operation). Multiplexing (CWDM), typically handling up to 8 wavelengths,  Optical transceivers/Transponders: Integrated modules and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM), incorporating optical laser transmitters and photodiode receivers. supporting 40, 80, or even 160 wavelengths. These modules convert physical signals from electrical to optical  Tunable: DWDM transceiver/transponder that can be and vice-versa in a network and couple the optical signals into electronically tuned to a specific wavelength. This has the (and out of) optical fiber. Transceivers have serial electrical advantage of significantly reducing the required inventory of interfaces on the host board. Transponders have parallel electrical products for a provisioned DWDM system or for inventory sparing interfaces to the host board. applications.  Active Optical Cable: Active optical cables combine optical  DIGITAL DIAGNOSTICS: Developed and patented by Finisar, this transceivers with passive cables in order to provided a high- functionality enables real-time monitoring of 5 parameters critical performance integrated interconnect solution. Unlike separate, to transceiver operation: transmitter output power, received interchangeable transceivers and cables, active optical cables optical power, laser bias current, transceiver input voltage and form a closed system around the optical link, and host systems transceiver temperature. can employ a simple electrical connection to the active optical  High-performance computing (HPC): Applications using cables. supercomputers and computer clusters to solve advanced  Ethernet: Dominant communications protocol for networking computation problems. over copper or optical fiber.  InfiniBand: A switched fabric communications link used in high-performance computing and enterprise data centers. Its features include high throughput, low latency, quality of service and failover, and it is designed to be scalable.

1389 Moffett Park Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94089 Phone +1 408-548-1000 ©2012 Finisar Corporation. All rights reserved. Finisar, Laserwire, Quadwire, and C.wire Email: [email protected] are registered trademarks of Finisar Corporation. Features and specifications are subject www.finisar.com to change without notice. 04/12